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Circular 2/bt: Guidelines For The Formulation And Promulgation Of The Text

Original Language Title: Thông tư 2/BT: Hướng dẫn việc xây dựng và ban hành văn bản

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CIRCULAR BUILDING and ISSUED a WRITTEN Charter base regulations work and public relations work of the Council of Ministers and regulations of dispatch papers attached to Decree No. 142-CP on 28-9-1963 of the Government Council, this circular guide details to make things uniform building and issued documents in the bodies in the Council of Ministers and the people's Committee of the central cities, and level (hereinafter referred to as the provincial level).
I. GUIDELINES On BUILDING And ISSUED The TEXT 1. The Agency released the text to the correct authority.
2. The text of the State bodies in the industry, the level enacted must be grounded in the Constitution, laws and ordinances and the writing of the upper level.
3. Form of documents issued must comply with the law; words, writing also must follow the words, writing the text State.
4. Text by the heads of the branches of the central provisions in the matter of the uniform management of the industry, effective enforcement required for all sectors and levels, the base unit in the country. The text by the local people's Committee issues regulations under the administration of local authorities mandatory effect for all enforcement agencies, organizations and individuals including local authorities, organizations, officials and employees of the central in the close locally.
II. The FORM Of LEGAL DOCUMENTS A. The REGULATION Of The COUNCIL Of MINISTERS 1. Resolution of the Council of Ministers to enact the policy, the big match, the mission plan and the State budget and the important work of the Government.
2. The Decree of the Council of Ministers to issue regulations on the rights and obligations of citizens, in order to make the Constitution and the laws of the State; the provisions on the duties, powers, organization of the State authorities; the Charter, the regulations on administrative management mode state.
3. The decision of the Council of Ministers is used to match the specific regulations, the mode; appointed, reward, or discipline officers; approval of the plan, the economic approach techniques, etc.; approve or reject the decision of the Agency.
4. Directive of the Council of Ministers used to communicate the policy and guidelines, management measures; the direction of the Organization and the work for the branches and levels.
5. Circular of the Council of Ministers is used to guide the interpretation of the policy, the Government regime. Circular prescribing detailed comparison, mode, way of working, margin rules, ties the work to ensure implementation of the decrees, resolutions, decisions of the Council of Ministers.
B. the LEGAL DOCUMENTS of the PRESIDENT of the COUNCIL of MINISTERS the President of the Council of Ministers issued the decisions, directives, circulars to solve the tasks of his jurisdiction rules in article 25 Organization Council of Ministers Law and article 3 of the Charter of the working mode and the relations of the Council of Ministers. Content, using this text also applied in the form of decisions, directives, circulars of the Council of Ministers.
C. The LEGAL DOCUMENTS Of The SECRETARY, The CHAIRMAN Of The STATE COMMITTEE And The HEADS Of OTHER BODIES In The COUNCIL Of MINISTERS 1. The decision to enact the mode, in terms of industry sectors; regulating the establishment, dissolution or prescribing the duties, powers, organization of the Agency, in the unit; appointed, reward, or discipline officers, employees in the industry; approval of the plan, the economic approach, engineering, mission work, solving the capital money, materials, labor, media and other work.
2. The directive refers to the proposed management measures and guidelines and the direction the whole event organization, renovation work, improve the management capacity of the sector, given the task to agencies, units, employees in the right.
3. The circular refers to the instructions, explanations and guidelines, policies or proposed measures to enforce the policy, the policy mode, the work plan of the Government or of the industry, addressing the relationship of the work to ensure implementation of the decisions of the State.
D. REGULATION of PROVINCIAL PEOPLE'S COMMITTEES a) decided to enact the policy, measures, the modes, regulations under the authority of local management, in order to implement the policy, the policy of the Central Government and the resolutions of the Council; the establishment, modification, removal of bodies, subdivisions; appointed, reward, discipline, etc. officials and employees; approve production plans and task, the technical-economic justification, etc. or decision of subordinate bodies.
b) directive is used to convey the decision of the people's Council, the policies and guidelines of the upper level, the decision of the people's Committee; Mission, urging the agencies subordinate to perform the task.
E. LINK TEXT BODIES 1. Joint resolutions used to enact the policy of the work by the Joint Conference between a State Government level (Usually service the Council of Ministers or provincial people's Committee) with a leadership body mass equivalent.
2. Circular the Ministry used to enact or guide the implementation of a policy of State regime, because many (or Directorate) or a Ministry and the leader of a group of people of the same regulation.
III. The FORM of the TEXT other than the aforementioned law, the Council of Ministers, Minister, Chairman of the State Committee, the heads of other bodies in the Council of Ministers and provincial people's Committee is also taking the form of the following text: 1. Press used to publish with the people of a decision or an important event on the domestic as well as foreign relations of The Council of Ministers.
2. The notice refers to information about the content and results of activities of the Council of Ministers, heads of departments and the people's committees of the province; convey promptly the decisions of the competent authorities.
3. The minutes is written to record the comments and conclusions of the Conference. The minutes of the meeting are due to host the Conference through (or if necessary it must be signed by the parties attending the meeting) and is used as a base to check the activities of State bodies.
4. The text of the messages is to official trading between the Agency as meeting invitations, suggestions or answer questions, requests or petitions; the urge, remind the enforcement has decided to work, planning, etc.
The Administrative Office does not replace the legal documents mentioned in section II above.
5. Telephone (including cell and electrical work) refers to information or convey commands of the organization or person who has the authority in these cases need a fuse. The case uses the telephone to convey the new or modified decision, suspend the enforcement of a decision, after having the power, the electricity Agency must have legal documents sent to the levels are responsible for enforcing.
6. the Paper used for officers, staff travel. This paper has value to calculate the road allowance, not worth recommending.
7. Referral (or letters) for officers, staff contact the transaction to perform tasks or solve the work required of officials and employees.

8. Paper vacation granted to officers and employees when vacation and see the case go vacation far from the place where the work, then use the paper go in vacation time and do the base pay goes way according to the State.
9. Votes sent to the Agency's documents submitted to the Agency, other organization. The form and how to present the text says in section II and section III on here are detailed instructions in the appendix to this circular.
IV. Organization BUILDING (Draft) REGISTRATION And PUBLICATION Of The TEXT 1. The text of the Council of Ministers and issued in the field of management of local branches shall be heads of industry, President of the local people's Committee which is responsible for the Organization of work and draft review. The content and organization of the draft Protocol and process of review pursuant to the provisions in articles 21, 22, 23 of the Charter of the working mode and the relations of the Council of Ministers.
2. In each Ministry, the Committee should organize the work to draft the appropriate text, layout people qualified to do the job. The manuscripts must be organized (or expert) to track related work in The Office, the Committee carefully verifies the contents, the Organization (or expert) technical assessment legislation legally and to be the person responsible for signing the text or who was responsible.
Before signing the text, the person signing must review and responsible for the manuscript.
3. Authority to sign the text of The Commission, pursuant to the provisions in Article 29 of the Charter of the working mode and the relations of the Council of Ministers and the articles 15, 16, 17 of the Charter on the work papers and dispatches the task host. The Chief is responsible for ensuring the signing of the text in the correct mode and must sign off on the text by the Secretary, the Chairman of the State Committee, the heads of other bodies in the Council of Ministers, Chairman of the provincial people's Committee or the people's Deputy is authorized to sign.
4. The deadline for enactment and the text published by the Minister, Chairman of the State Committee, the heads of other bodies in the Council of Ministers, Chairman of the provincial people's Committee issued is 7 days from the date of the decision through. Customize the nature and content of the problem, the time limit for issuing the text can be longer than the time limit on the longest but also not exceeding 15 days through the decision.
5. The Agency issued the text must specify a duration of effect execution text, the scope and the extent to which the Agency has the task of implementation is allowed to communicate, common. The Agency has the responsibility to obey strictly the regulations of the Agency out of text, not to be arbitrarily wrong popular text content or common for these objects is not allowed.
The Agency is given the task of detailed rules or guide the implementation of text are respected and accepted the basic regulations of the upper level. The case saw the rule of upper level mismatch must be applied on text amendments, supplements, are not arbitrarily modify, Supplement.
Ask ministries, State committees, other bodies in the Council of Ministers and the people's committees of provinces and cities under central level pursuant to this circular and Decree No. 142-CP held make good construction and industry documents issued , local.
 
ANNEX on SAMPLE TEXT TYPES and SOME DETAILS ABOUT the TEXT MODE (together with circular No. 2-BT on 11-1-1982 Secretary of Secretary General of the Council of Ministers) part i. SAMPLE TEXT TYPES MODEL NO. 1: the RESOLUTION the text of the resolution is often used in cases of proposed undertakings great work, by the Government, is often the basis of proposed other texts such as decrees, decisions, circulars, instructions.
 

 





The COUNCIL of MINISTERS No............/HĐBT SOCIALIST REPUBLIC of VIETNAM independence-freedom-happiness on Hanoi..................... in 198 ...


 
 
 
RESOLUTION of the COUNCIL of MINISTERS about....................................................................... (1)
....................................................................................
.................................................................................. (2) the Council of Ministers President, T.M. (1) the title of the resolution notes the summary of the content of the resolution.
(2) the content of the resolution:-usually not divided into terms that divide into parts I, II, II, ... before going into the content of these sections can have comment, reviews the situation but need clear, concise, accurate stated, should not make long lines.
-For short content issues, not simply divided into part I, II, III ... that split into articles 1, 2, 3 ...
Note: resolutions are also used to express the decisions of the meeting between the President of the Council of Ministers with the central bodies of the unions.
MODEL NO. 2: the text of the Decree DECREE often used in two cases:-direct a policy rules, regulations, or the mode of establishment, abolition, functions, tasks, powers and organization of the State bodies (ministries, State committees, the General Department of ... the form 2a).
-Enacting a statute or a regulation (form 2b).
Form 2a the COUNCIL of MINISTERS No............/HĐBT SOCIALIST REPUBLIC of VIETNAM independence-freedom-happiness on Hanoi..................... in 198 ...


 
 
 
The DECREE Of The COUNCIL Of MINISTERS About...................... (1) the COUNCIL of MINISTERS base............ 2;()............;(3) as suggested by..........., the Decree article 1. - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Điều 2. - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Điều 3. - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (4)
Điều. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
 
T. m. Council of Ministers Chairman (1) specify an abbreviated content, policies, or terms of mode, function, mission, organization, establishment of the abolition of the State authorities.
(2) If issued the major policies that the Constitution empowers the Council of Ministers shall record the articles of the Constitution granted the right, if the right of the Council of Ministers shall record the Act of the Council of Ministers.
(3) Stated a direct base for policy, mode, fixed terms. For example, Ordinance or resolution of the Council of State, or the Decree of the Council of Ministers (if any) are not based on the text itself the new decree issued to that text negative.
(4) where the content of the Decree, including the many problems, large range, can be divided into the chapter, section, article. If established, abolished or regulated functions, missions, organization of the State authorities need to arrange in order, for example:-the name and function of the Agency to form.
-In the specific mission and organizational structure should also be arranged in the order of each sector (planning, planning, policy, engineering science, international relations, personnel and training).
 
Form 2b: the COUNCIL of MINISTERS.........../HĐBT SOCIALIST REPUBLIC of VIETNAM independence-freedom-happiness on Hanoi..................... in 198 ...


 
 
 
The DECREE of the COUNCIL of MINISTERS issued................................... (1)
HỘI ĐỒNG BỘ TRƯỞNG
Căn cứ.........................................................................................;
Căn cứ...............................................................;(2)
Theo đề nghị của ..............................................,(3)
Nghị định

Article 1. -Attached to this Decree.......................................... (4) article 2. - (5).................................................
Điều 3. - ....................................................
Điều 4. Comrades (6)............................................................................ be responsible for the implementation of this Decree.
On behalf of the Council of Ministers Chairman (1) clearly states that the statute or a regulation.
(2) Stated the base directly, for example, Decree No. 35-CP-2-1981 (3) specify the Secretary, the Chairman of the Committee.
(4) clearly and consistently with text title (1).
(5) common rules:-scope of effect of the Charter-Stated text being amended or repealed.
-The responsibility to guide, monitor, reported.
(6) If relevant to all sectors need stated all, if only the industry-related local, does clearly state that sector heads and the local people's Committee concerned.
 
MODEL NO. 3: decision DECISIONS are typically used in the following cases: 1. detailed regulations or materialize the policies, due to the resolution of certain poses or Nghj, regulations applicable to a few sectors (form 3a).
2. Solve the problem of the specific individual: appointment, dismissal, discipline, activity officer, demarcation boundaries, approval of the design tasks, provided supplies, money which ... (form 3b).
Model 3a (1) the COUNCIL of MINISTERS No.:.........../HĐBT (2) of the SOCIALIST REPUBLIC of VIETNAM independence-freedom-happiness on Hanoi..................... in 198 ...


 
 
 
The DECISION Of The COUNCIL Of MINISTERS ABOUT............................... (3)
HỘI ĐỒNG BỘ TRƯỞNG
Căn cứ ................................................................................... (4)
Căn cứ ................... (5).................. Council of Ministers about...................;
Theo đề nghị của ..........................................................................
The decision 1. ...............................................................
2. ............................................................... (6) Council of Ministers Chairman T.M. 1. If the text of the Ministry, General Directorate of the Commission, stating the name of The Agency. ... The Committee; If the people's Committee of the provincial people's Committee records, city ...
2. If your Set is retrieved the first letters of The name, if people's Committee is then taken as the Committee.
3. the Stated basis for decision-making; Resolution of the Council of Ministers or a brief stating the situation over time.
4. the Stated policy, the title mode.
5. If the decision of the Ministry or the Committee should be bases established in The decree or law on organization of people's committees.
6. Content: the stated policies, modes.
Finish: Outlined responsibility, time, space.
 
Form 3b the COUNCIL of MINISTERS No............

 



The SOCIALIST REPUBLIC of VIETNAM independence-freedom-happiness on Hanoi..................... in 198 ...


 
 
The DECISION of the COUNCIL of MINISTERS (1) of the ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .... (2)
HỘI ĐỒNG BỘ TRƯỞNG
Căn cứ ..............................................................................................;
Căn cứ ..............................................................................................;(3)
Theo đề nghị của ...............................................................................
Article 1 decision. - ............................................................................................ (4) Article. ..................................................................................................
T.m. Council of Minister (5) the Chairman (1) if the text of the people's Committee of the people's Committee of the record, if the Ministry, the Directorate shall record the Minister or Director General.
(2) specify the contents of each type of issues to be decided.
-The case of appointment, dismissal, retirement, work to specify the names of officers are appointed, dismissed in the Agency. If the number of lots from 2 or more shall record the number (2, 3, ...) that agency officials.
-Demarcation boundaries stating the name of the town, some communes (if multiple), in the district, the province would.
-The case of the discipline officer shall record the specific form of discipline ..., name of officers being disciplined in any agency.
-Approval of the design tasks, provide supplies.
(3) direct base is Stated for each type of problem. For example: should retirement text stated that base is Decree No. 218-CP on 27-12-1961 interim Charter on social insurance for workers, employees.
(4) Generally with respect to the appointment, dismissal, retirement, work movement, demarcation boundaries ... the contents are put into article 1. Long content case then article 1 Summary of main content, say the following thing says specific content or related issues, for example article 1 says demarcation district boundaries again ... or town ... Things 2 say the scope of the land, the population of each district or town etc. including rules the time limit for completion of the work and an article talking about responsibility.
(5) if the text of the people's committees shall record on behalf of the Committee, if the Ministry shall record the Minister.
 
Number 4: the CIRCULAR FORM the COUNCIL of MINISTERS (1) numbers:........... (2) the SOCIALIST REPUBLIC of VIETNAM independence-freedom-happiness CIRCULAR ABOUT.................................................................... (3)
................................................... (4)................................................
.....................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
Hanoi, December.................... 19.
Where to get: (5) (1) If is The circular clearly set ...
(2) If the burner is shut down the Ministry name: LD-TC/TT.
-If the President of the Council of Ministers shall take the symbol CT.-If your own text is a Ministry shall record the name of the shortcut.
(3) Outlined briefly the purpose of the circular is to explain or guide.
(4) In circular content usually divide the points 1, 2, 3 ... (in the case of large content length may be divided into parts I, II, III ...).
a) opening: brief text content stated need instructions explain: resolution, Decree, decision or other legal documents of the Congress, the State Council.
b) content: common explanations and instructions.
c) finish: outlined responsibility warning: citing the text would need to specify the number, date, month, year of that text.
(5) specify the agencies, institutions need to send, submit (enforcement, reporting, to know ...).
 
MODEL NO. 5: the COUNCIL of MINISTERS DIRECTIVE No.:.......... (1) the SOCIALIST REPUBLIC of VIETNAM independence-freedom-happiness on Hanoi..................... in 198 ...


 
 
CHỈ THỊ
VỀ VIỆC.......................................................... (2)
.................................................. (3).............................................
...................................................................................................
...................................................................................................
...................................................................................................
Where to get: T.M. Council of Ministers (4) President Vice President K.T. (1) If the Chairman of the Council of Ministers shall take the symbol ... If the text is CT. of the people's Committee, the symbol UBCT.
(2) specify the content.
(3) like the circular on how divided, subdivided into articles.
Opening: usually go straight on certain issues only where necessary, has a review of the situation, you should say.
(4) if the text of the people's Committee, the people's Committee of T.M. theme.
 
 
 
 
 
 
MODEL NO. 6: CHARTER of the SOCIALIST REPUBLIC of VIETNAM independence-freedom-happiness (1) On...................................................
(Attached to Decree No.............../HĐBT

day............................) 198.
 
Chapter I article 1. - ..........................................................................................
Điều 2. - ................................................................................
Điều ...................................................
 
CHƯƠNG II
Điều ..................................
................................ (2)...................................................................
Hanoi, December................... 198 years.
Council of Ministers President, t.m. (1) the Charter is attached to the Decree should not take private number, specify rules, regulations.
(2) the end of the Charter not to terms of responsibility because this has placed in the Decree.
The content usually have chapter I General tẵc resources (General provisions) of chapter II of the Charter specifically content............................................................
Chapter ............................ final terms If the Charter then in each chapter can be divided into categories, each category has articles, in each article split the points 1, 2, 3 or a, b, c, the last Charter takes effect rules of space and time.
 
MODEL NO. 7: DISPATCH OFFICE of the COUNCIL of MINISTERS No................ ../V1 V/v............................



The SOCIALIST REPUBLIC of VIETNAM independence-freedom-happiness on Hanoi...................... 198.


 
 
 
Kính gửi:.............................................................................
............................................................................. (1)
....................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................
............................................................................. (2)...................................
.................................................................................................................
K.T. HĐBT Office Deputy-recipients-as above................................................................... (3)-Save.
 

 
(1) specify or name agency heads need to send.
(2) the content and custom issue that particular arrangement.
-If is dispatch reply: specify text to be answered (No.............. day. of the ai).
-If the task reminder should raise the issue the work needed reminders.
-If the invitation text should say + meeting content problem.
+ How long time begins from when.
+ The location of the meeting ... ...
(3) in addition to recipients such as (1) should submit to the relevant bodies to know or report.
 
 
 
 
 
 
MODEL NO.: 8 VOTES SENT to the OFFICE of COUNCIL of Ministers (1)................. PG of the SOCIALIST REPUBLIC of VIETNAM independence-freedom-happiness VOTES SENT dear:...............................................
Tên tài liệu:
......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
 

Recipients of signed on................... 19............................... 198.

Service HĐBT Office Administration (2) offered this vote for the Office of the Council of Ministers.
(1) if the Office of the provincial people's Committee sent the Office shall record the provincial people's Committee.
(2) the Office shall record the people's Committee of clerical or administrative rooms rooms.
 
MODEL NO. 9: REFERRAL to the OFFICE of COUNCIL of Ministers (1).................



The SOCIALIST REPUBLIC of VIETNAM independence-freedom-happiness PAPER INTRODUCTION introduce comrade position................................................. The Office of the Council of Ministers Was dispatched to...........................................................................................
Về việc ...................................................................................
 

Most valuable day......... to return the paper............



Hanoi, December............... in 198 ...

K.T. HĐBT Office (1) (1) if it is of the scoring title.
MODEL NO. 10: license OFFICE of the MINISTERIAL COUNCIL Of the REPUBLIC-TCCB SOCIALIST VIETNAM independence-freedom-happiness on Hanoi................... 198.

 


 
 
 
Comrade VACATION CERTIFICATE........................ is the work of officials in the Office of the Council of Ministers, was vacation year...................
Nơi nghỉ phép:
.............................................................................................................
Vacation time from July.................. the remainder of the day................................. Paid: certification of where to T.L. Chairman Council of Ministers Office Director of Organization Department FORM No. 11: paper GOES the WAY of the REPUBLICAN COMMUNES HOUSEHOLDS VIETNAM independence-freedom-Hanh phuc: STREETWEAR PAPER..................
Cấp cho ông (bà)...............................................................
Chức vụ .............................................................................
Được đi công tác tại ..........................................................
According to the recommendation of.................................................
Từ ngày ................................đến ngày..........................................
 

Advance money........................ Wages đ..................... dd diem......................................................... DD on ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... five heads (signed and stamped) date and Place of the media using the length of the journey (km) time stay the reason stay the Agency's certificate (signed and stamped) on the road in places to Nơiđi ... ...



 



 



 



 



 



 



 



Nơi đến



 



 



 



 



 



 



 



Nơi đi.....



 



 



 



 



 



 



 



Nơi đến



 



 



 



 



 



 



 



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SECTION payment (due to the travel recording) suggested the payment be paid (by the finance accounting record) duration of stay are entitled to allowances-In October-at the paid amount of Browsing: this is The travel agency heads sign the sign in charge of finance and accounting, PART II. SOME POINTS To Be Noted In The DRAFT REGULATION 1. Make good preparation:

For the text of the Council of Ministers issued, heads the project management industry must take the initiative to organize the research and drafting of content, submit draft opinions for the heads of local and other sectors involved, the Advisory Board, scientific organizations; opinions of unions, or the officers, employees and people (for those issues that need to be consulted); in the industry need to consult with the Scientific Council of the Ministry.
2. To keep the stability of the law, each text should try focusing solves a problem along a certain legal category, limits the use of a text to address many different issues of a legal category; should not take these details or the most time properties on a text has the content address these fundamental issues.
In circulars or directives of the people's Committee can materialize the basic rules, but not added, modified or repealed those provisions. If necessary, additional edits to other law.
3. When presenting the resolutions, decrees, decisions, directives, circulars, etc. must be in accordance with the provisions of the Charter and documents dispatch archive attached to Decree No. 142-CP on 28-9-1963 and the template text in this addendum. The general requirement is to go straight to the content should rule, best to avoid the situation or make a comment, explain the long line.
4. When building the new text to the existing text in order to ensure the coherence and consistency of the rules. The following text should not repeat the provisions already in the previous text. If previous text no longer fits anymore or that the regulations are presented in many scattered in different text, then select the remaining regulations accordingly put in new text and abolished the previous text.
5. When the patent rules (violations processing) must pay attention to distinguish breach nature to the regulations properly, avoid using this kind of sanctions to solve these things in other sanctions; the content must determine the specific sanctions, should not the General rules like: "depending on the extent to which the light-heavy processed according to current legislation". With regard to the sanctions had written prescriptions must clearly apply in any text or provision of that text. Master the principle of authority in writing the patent provisions in the text of the Council of Ministers, ministries, the people's Committee.
6. The provisions of article text to keep clear, full, specific to the level below the ease of implementation; case should have written instructions shall simultaneously with the main text draft is preparing guidance documents, to avoid long wait without making the main text was issued.
7. When determining the scope of the text, need attention:-clarification of the scope of the effect of space (executed in the local scope, any territory) on the subject (business, organization or individual) and on time. When the specified time, to record the effect starts from the date. To ensure State agencies, economic and social institutions and citizens have foul time of preparation conditions of implementation. If you have to wait for the writing guide to regulation time effect for satisfactorily.
Case of need regulations applicable to these things happen before enacting the text must also specify.
8. The language used in legal documents need accurate, easy to understand and comprehend. So must:-Use from the country's official language, do not use the local's own or those from old, rarely used.
-Use of national language only from overseas when not selected are from Vietnamese.
-Only use professional words when the subject is enforcement professionals. If using the word professional in a text released to broadly defined, explained.
-Not be arbitrarily changed the wording used in the text of the law; case should change the competent bodies must be decided and must be explicit.
-Must look very closely when write the word "van," or dots (...).
9. Writing in the text State are very compact, but to be clear, tight, don't use the Word can get in many sense. Best to avoid the lengthy text, stilted, too many clauses in a sentence.