The exploration and use of outer space, including the moon and other celestial bodies, must be made for the good and for the benefit of all countries, regardless of the stage of their economic or scientific development; They are the preserve of all humanity.

Outer space, including the moon and other celestial bodies, can be explored and used freely by all States without any discrimination, in conditions of equality and in accordance with international law, all regions Celestial bodies to be freely accessible.

Scientific research is free in outer space, including the moon and other celestial bodies, and states must facilitate and encourage international cooperation in this research.

Outer space, including the moon and other celestial bodies, cannot be the subject of national appropriation by proclamation of sovereignty, by use or occupation, or by any other means.

The activities of States Parties to the Treaty relating to the exploration and use of outer space, including the moon and other celestial bodies, shall be carried out in accordance with international law, including the Charter of United Nations, with a view to maintaining international peace and security and fostering international cooperation and understanding.

States Parties to the Treaty undertake not to put in orbit any object carrying nuclear weapons or any other type of weapons of mass destruction, not to install such weapons on celestial bodies and not to place Such weapons, in any other way, in outer space.

All States party to the Treaty will use the moon and other celestial bodies exclusively for peaceful purposes. The establishment of military bases and installations and fortifications, the testing of weapons of all types and the execution of military manoeuvres are prohibited on the celestial bodies. The use of military personnel for scientific research or for any other peaceful purpose is not prohibited. Nor is it prohibited to use any equipment or installation necessary for the peaceful exploration of the moon and other celestial bodies.

The States Parties to the Treaty will consider the astronauts as envoys of humanity in outer space and provide them with all possible assistance in the event of an accident, distress or forced landing in the territory of another State Party to Treaty or Wandering on the High Seas. In the event of such landing or landing, the return of the astronauts to the State of registration of their space vehicle shall be carried out promptly and safely.

When they carry out activities in outer space and on celestial bodies, the astronauts of a State Party to the Treaty will provide all possible assistance to the astronauts of other States Parties to the Treaty.

The States Parties to the Treaty shall immediately bring to the knowledge of the other States Parties to the Treaty or the Secretary-General of the United Nations any phenomenon discovered by them in outer space, including the moon and Other celestial bodies, which may present a danger to the lives or health of the astronauts.

States Parties to the Treaty have international responsibility for national activities in outer space, including the moon and other celestial bodies, whether undertaken by governmental bodies or by entities To ensure that national activities are continued in accordance with the provisions of this Treaty. The activities of non-governmental entities in outer space, including the moon and other celestial bodies, shall be subject to authorization and continuous monitoring by the appropriate State party to the Treaty. In the case of activities carried out by an international organization in outer space, including the moon and other celestial bodies, responsibility for compliance with the provisions of this Treaty shall be the responsibility of that organization States Parties to the Treaty which form part of the said Organization.

Any State Party to the Treaty that proceeds or causes the launch of an object in outer space, including the moon and other celestial bodies, and any State Party whose territory or facilities are used to launch an object, Shall be responsible for the international point of view of the damage caused by that object or by its constituent parts, on the earth, in the atmosphere or in outer space, including the moon and other celestial bodies, to another State Party to the Treaty or to natural or legal persons who report to that other State.

The State Party to the Treaty on the Register of an Object Launched into Outer Space shall retain under its jurisdiction and control the said object and all staff of that object, while in outer space Extra-atmospheric or on a celestial body. Property rights in objects launched into outer space, including objects brought or constructed on a celestial body, as well as on their constituent elements, shall remain intact when such objects or elements are contained in Extra-atmospheric space or a celestial body, and when they return to the earth. Objects or elements constituting objects found beyond the limits of the State Party to the Treaty on the Register of which they are registered shall be returned to that State Party to the Treaty, which shall be obliged to provide data upon request for data Of identification before checking in.

With regard to the exploration and use of outer space, including the moon and other celestial bodies, the States Parties to the Treaty shall be guided by the principles of cooperation and mutual assistance, and Carry out all their activities in outer space, including the moon and other celestial bodies, taking due account of the corresponding interests of all other States Parties to the Treaty. States Parties to the Treaty shall conduct the study of outer space, including the moon and other celestial bodies, and shall conduct their exploration in such a way as to avoid the harmful effects of their contamination and Harmful changes to the terrestrial environment resulting from the introduction of extra-terrestrial substances and, if necessary, will take appropriate measures for this purpose. If a State Party to the Treaty is to believe that an activity or experience contemplated by itself or its nationals in outer space, including the moon and other celestial bodies, would cause potentially harmful interference to the Activities of other States Parties to the Treaty on the peaceful exploration and use of outer space, including the moon and other celestial bodies, shall engage in appropriate international consultations before Undertake such activity or experience. Any State Party to the Treaty that believes that an activity or experience contemplated by another State Party to the Treaty in outer space, including the moon and other celestial bodies, would cause a potentially harmful discomfort to the Activities pursued in the peaceful exploration and use of outer space, including the moon and other celestial bodies, may request that consultations be held on the said activity or experience.

In order to promote international cooperation in the exploration and use of outer space, including the moon and other celestial bodies, in accordance with the purposes of this Treaty, States Parties to the Treaty will examine in The conditions of equality of the requests of other States parties to the Treaty to obtain facilities for the observation of the flight of space objects launched by those States.

The nature of such compliance facilities and the conditions under which they could be granted shall be determined by mutual agreement of the States concerned.

To promote international cooperation in the peaceful exploration and use of outer space, States Parties to the Treaty that conduct activities in outer space, including the moon and others To the extent practicable and practicable to inform the Secretary-General of the United Nations, as well as the public and the international scientific community, of the nature and conduct of These activities, the places where they are pursued and their results. The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall be prepared to ensure, immediately after receiving them, the effective dissemination of such information.

All stations and installations, all equipment and space vehicles on the moon or on other celestial bodies shall be accessible, under conditions of reciprocity, to representatives of the other States Parties to the Treaty. Such representatives shall notify, in advance, any proposed visit so that the necessary consultations can take place and that the maximum number of precautions can be taken to ensure safety and avoid impeding normal operations on the Locations of the facility to be visited.

The provisions of this Treaty shall apply to the activities pursued by the States Parties to the Treaty in the exploration and use of outer space-pherical space, including the moon and other celestial bodies, that these activities are Carried out by a State Party to the Treaty alone or in common with other States, in particular within the framework of international intergovernmental organizations.

Any practical questions arising from the activities of international intergovernmental organizations in the exploration and use of outer space, including the moon and other bodies Shall be settled by the States Parties to the Treaty either with the competent international organization or with one or more of the member States of the said organization which are party to the Treaty.

This Treaty shall be open for signature by all States. Any State which has not signed this Treaty before its entry into force in accordance with paragraph 1. 3 of this article may accede to it at any time.

2. This Treaty shall be subject to ratification by the signatory States. Instruments of ratification and instruments of accession shall be deposited with the Governments of the United States of America, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, which are, in This Treaty, designated as depositary governments.

(3) This Treaty shall enter into force when five Governments, including those designated as depositary Governments under this Treaty, have deposited their instruments of ratification.

(4) For States whose instruments of ratification or accession shall be deposited after the entry into force of this Treaty, the latter shall enter into force on the date of deposit of their instruments of ratification or accession.

Depositary Governments shall promptly inform all States which have signed or acceded to this Treaty on the date of each signature, of the date of deposit of each instrument of ratification of this Treaty or of accession to this Treaty. Treaty, the date of entry into force of the Treaty and any other communication.

(6) This Treaty shall be registered by the Depositary Governments in accordance with Art. 102 of the United Nations Charter.

Any State Party to this Treaty may propose amendments to the Treaty. The amendments shall take effect in respect of each State Party to the Treaty accepting the amendments as soon as they have been accepted by the majority of the States Parties to the Treaty, and thereafter, for each of the other States Parties to the Treaty, on the date of Acceptance of the amendments.

Any State Party to this Treaty may, one year after the entry into force of the Treaty, communicate its intention to cease to be a Party by means of a written notification addressed to the depositary Governments. Such notification shall take effect one year after the date on which it is received.

This Treaty, of which the English, Russian, Spanish, French and Chinese texts are equally authentic, shall be deposited in the archives of the Depositary Governments. Certified copies of this Treaty shall be sent by the Depositary Governments to the Governments of the States which have signed or acceded to the Treaty.

In witness whereof, The undersigned, duly authorized to that effect, have signed this Treaty.

Done in three copies in Washington, London and Moscow, on January 27.