By Royal Decree 959/1990, of 8 June, the civil aviation titles in Spain are established, in line with the regulations derived from Annex I to the Convention on International Civil Aviation, ratified by Spain and published on February 24, 1947.

The aforementioned Royal Decree determines the required requirements for obtaining each of the titles, as well as the privileges corresponding to them. The implementation of these extremes, as well as the establishment of the procedures for issuing certificates and licences or the recording of certificates and the periods of validity of licences and ratings, constitute the object of this Directive. Order.

Consequently, this Ministry has:

CHAPTER FIRST

General definitions and rules regarding the granting of titles and licenses

1.1 Definitions

When the terms and expressions listed below are used in this Ministerial Order, they have the following meanings:

Aircraft. -Every manned machine that can be sustained in the atmosphere by air reactions other than the reactions of the air against the surface of the earth.

Aircraft certified to fly with a single pilot. -Type of aircraft that the State of registration has determined, during the certification process, that can fly in safety conditions with a minimum crew of a pilot.

Aircraft (category of) -Classification of aircraft according to specified basic characteristics, for example: Avion, helicopter, glider, free balloon.

Aircraft (class of) -Aircraft classification defined based on the number of engines (single-engine or multiengine) and surfaces from which it can operate (terrestrial or aquatic).

Aircraft (type of) -All aircraft of the same basic design with their modifications, except those that alter their handling or flight characteristics.

Aerostat. -Aircraft that is mainly held in the air by virtue of its ascensory force.

Pilot Student.-The receiving theoretical and/or flight instruction to obtain an initial degree in each category.

Aeronautical Authority. -See licensing authority for aeronautical titles, licenses and ratings.

Authority for the granting of aeronautical titles, licenses and ratings. -Directorate General of Civil Aviation is the authority responsible for the granting of titles, licenses and ratings in the Spanish State. In the text of this Order the expression "Aeronautical Authority" refers to this meaning.

The competencies of the same, for these purposes, are:

a) Evaluate the candidate's suitability for obtaining a degree, license, or enablement.

b) Exorder titles and licenses and grant ratings.

c) Approve the Schools and instruction courses necessary for the acquisition of titles, licenses or ratings.

d) To certify the synthetic flight trainers and to authorize their use to acquire the experience or to demonstrate the expertise required for the issue of a title, license or qualification.

(e) To validate the licenses issued by other Contracting States of the International Civil Aviation Convention, and

f) Designate and authorize approved persons to intervene in the procedures of their competence.

Aircraft. -Engine powered Aerodino that should be supported in flight primarily for aerodynamic reactions on surfaces that remain fixed under certain flight conditions.

Avionics on board. -Expression designating any electronic device-and its electrical part-used on board aircraft, including radio installations, automatic flight controls and instruments of the systems.

Rating. -Enablement.

Online Training. -Period of adaptation to the aircraft, subsequent to the annotation of the corresponding type rating, to be performed under the supervision of Instructor or Authorized Pilot to that effect.

Convalidation (of a license) -Procedure by which, instead of granting a Spanish license, it is recognized as equivalent to that granted by another Contracting State of the International Civil Aviation Convention.

Co-pilot. -Pilot providing piloting services without being in command of the aircraft. A co-pilot shall not be considered to be on board the aircraft without having a type rating and for the sole purpose of receiving flight instruction.

Accredited medical opinion. -Conclusion on psycho-physical fitness to which one or more medical experts recognised by the aeronautical authority have arrived in relation to a given case, in consultation with experts in the field of flight or other specialists as required.

Blimp. -Engine powered Aerostat.

Synthetic flight trainer. -Any of the three types of aircraft described below, in which flight conditions are simulated:

Flight Simulator. -Provides an accurate representation of the command post of a particular type of aircraft and positively simulates the functions of the controls, mechanical, electrical, electronic, electrical, etc., on board, the normal environment for flight crew members, and the performance and flight characteristics of that type of aircraft.

Coach for flight procedures. -Reproduces with all fidelity the environment of a command post of an aircraft and simulates the indications of the instruments, the simple functions of the controls, of the systems mechanical, electrical, electronic, etc., on board, and the performance and flight characteristics of aircraft of a given class.

Basic instrument flight trainer. -It is equipped with the appropriate instruments and simulates the environment of a command post of an aircraft in flight, in instrument flight conditions.

Medical evaluation. -Certification issued by the aeronautical authority in evidence that the holder satisfies the conditions of psycho-physical fitness, based on a report prepared by the designated medical examiner or recognized Center who did the medical examination of the applicant, or to an accredited medical opinion.

Globe. -Manned Aerostat not powered by engine.

Enabling. -Annotation in a license or associated with it, in which you specify attributions or restrictions relating to it.

Helicopter. -Aerodino that is maintained in flight primarily by virtue of the air reaction over one or more motor-powered rotors, which revolve around vertical or almost vertical axes.

Recognized Instruction. -Specific program of instruction that the Aeronautical Authority approves to be developed under its supervision. It is equivalent to a recognized course.

License. -Document issued by the Directorate General of Civil Aviation in which the time limits within which the holder of a title can exercise the specific functions of the same, shall be recorded in the the holder's ratings as well as the restrictions to which there is a place.

Crew member. -Any person employed to whom functions are assigned on an in-flight aircraft. It does not include people who, provided with a ticket, perform complementary tasks.

Flight crew member: Holder of a title and corresponding license, who are assigned functions in the cockpit essential for the operation of an aircraft during flight time.

Night.-The hours between the end of the evening civil twilight and the beginning of the morning civil twilight, or any other period between the setting and the sunrise to be prescribed.

Operator-Company or Entity authorized for air traffic exercise.

Pilot. -Operate the controls of an auronave during flight time.

Pilot in command. -Pilot with valid license, responsible for the operation and safety of the airship during the time of flight and who does not act, at any time, under the direction of another Pilot on the aircraft.

Pilot in formation.-In the possession of a title, he receives theoretical and/or flight instructions-without being part of the minimum crew-to obtain a qualification or license relating to that title.

Flight Plan-Information that, with respect to a projected flight or part of an aircraft flight, is subject to air traffic services.

Engine-not powered by engine that primarily derives its in-flight support from aerodynamic reactions on surfaces that remain fixed under certain flight conditions.

Sector (flight). -Each leg of a flight line, including a take-off and landing.

Flight Simulator. -See synthetic flight antrator.

Double-Command Instruction Time-Flight time during which a pilot student receives flight instruction from a flight instructor on board an aircraft.

Instrument time. -Flight time made with exclusive reference to aircraft, helicopter, or synthetic flight coach instruments.

Flight time-The total time elapsed since the aircraft starts moving at its own strength to start the flight until it stops at the end of the flight.

Note. -Flight time, as defined here, is synonymous with "time between" general use "pairings", which is counted from the moment the aircraft gets moving at the point of loading, until it stops at the point of download.

glider flight time. -Total time spent in flight, whether in tow or not, since the glider starts moving to take off until it stops at the end of the flight.

Flight time only. -Flight time during which the Pilot student is the sole occupant of the aircraft.

Coach time. -Time during which a Pilot grounded the simulated flight, in a synthetic flight coach approved by the Aeronautical Authority.

Title. -Document issued by the Directorate General of Civil Aviation, which credits that the holder has demonstrated, before the licensing authority of titles and licenses, which meets the requirements required to exercise certain functions.

Commercial air transport.-Public passenger transport and/or cargo carried out by contract for remuneration.

1.2 General rules regarding titles and licenses.

Rules and methods are set for granting the following titles and licenses:

Private aircraft pilot.

Commercial aircraft pilot.

Air line transport pilot.

Private helicopter pilot.

Commercial helicopter pilot.

Helicopter Airline Transport Pilot.

glider pilot.

Free balloon pilot.

Navigant.

On-board mechanic.

1.2.1 Authorization to act as a flight crew member

No person shall act as a member of the flight crew of an aircraft, unless it is in possession of a valid title and license, in accordance with the specifications of this standard and appropriate to the functions that must be exercised.

1.2.2 License validation and acceptance of title, licenses, and ratings

1.2.2.1 License validation method. Any pilot licence in force issued by a Contracting State of the International Civil Aviation Convention shall be validated exclusively to be used as a private Pilot under visual conditions.

1.2.2.2 Acceptance of title, licenses, and ratings.

1.2.2.1 The licences and ratings issued to Spanish citizens in other States, in accordance with the Annex I to the Convention on International Civil Aviation, as well as other aspects of qualifications, training or experience Aircraft may be accepted for the purposes of complying with the requirements for obtaining national securities and ratings.

1.2.2.2.2 The requirement of knowledge required to obtain a certificate or qualification for an instrument flight shall be deemed to be satisfied when, after a comparative analysis has been carried out between the programme and the official programme, are equivalent in terms of content and level. Otherwise, the matter shall be determined, or parts thereof to be exceeded by the person concerned.

1.2.2.2.3 In any event, applicants for an instrument flight qualification or qualification on the basis of what has been accepted in accordance with the above, will necessarily have to pass a test on operating procedures and national legislation and other in-flight expertise.

1.2.3 Exercise the privileges of a title

No holder of a title will exercise privileges other than those conferred by it. It shall also not exercise if it is not in possession of the corresponding licence, which shall be initially issued with the title and shall be renewed under the conditions of 1.2.5.

1.2.4 Psycho-physical Aptitude

In order to be able to prove the psycho-physical fitness conditions foreseen for issuing the certificates, renewing the licences and the recording of the instrument rating, the applicant shall satisfy certain prescribed medical conditions. in two classes of "medical evaluation". The relevant details are set out in 4.2, 4.3 and 4.4.

1.2.4.1 The applicant for a title, renewal of an IFR flight licence or rating shall have a medical assessment, issued in accordance with the provisions of Chapter 4.

1.2.4.2 The period of validity of the medical assessment shall be adjusted as provided for in 1.2.5, and shall take effect from the date on which the assessment was issued.

1.2.4.2.1 The application for the issue of a flight title or rating by instrument, or renewal of a licence, must be made before 30 days of the date of issue of the medical report are met. corresponding,

1.2.4.3 Flight crew members shall not exercise the privileges of a title or rating unless they have an existing medical evaluation of the relevant class.

1.2.4.4 The Aeronautical Authority shall credit the Medical Centres and the authorised medical examiners who may carry out the medical examination to enable the psycho-physical fitness of those applying for the issue of a medical examination to be assessed. title or renewal of a licence or rating described in Chapters 2 and 3.

1.2.4.4.1 Medical examiners shall have practical knowledge and experience in relation to the conditions under which flight crew functions are performed.

1.2.4.5 Title applicants and licences or ratings for which psycho-physical fitness is required, shall sign and submit to the examiner a statement indicating whether they have previously been subjected to any of the following: analogue recognition and, if so, what the outcome was.

1.2.4.5.1 Any false statement made to a medical examiner shall be brought to the attention of the Aeronautical Authority to take the means deemed appropriate.

1.2.4.6 Once made in accordance with Chapter 4, the medical examination of the applicant, the recognised Centre or medical examiner shall send the relevant report detailing the results of the examination and the signing of the Aeronautical Authority.

1.2.4.6.1 If the medical examination is carried out by a group consisting of medical examiners, the Head of the group shall be responsible for coordinating the results of the recognition and signing the relevant medical report.

1.2.4.7 If the data subject does not satisfy the medical requirements prescribed in Chapter 4 for a particular qualification or qualification, a positive medical assessment shall not be issued unless the following conditions are met: conditions:

(a) The accredited medical opinion establishes that the applicant's failure to comply with any requirement, either numerical or otherwise, is such that it does not have a negative impact on the normal exercise of the functions corresponding.

(b) Due account has been taken of the applicant's professional suitability, expertise and experience and operating conditions; and

c) Any specific limitations or limitations are noted in the license when the safe performance of the holder's functions depends on compliance with such limitation or limitations.

1.2.4.8 In cases where it is considered appropriate, or so requested by the person concerned, the Aeronautical Authority may, in the light of the medical report, request, without binding, an accredited medical opinion prior to the issue of the relevant medical assessment.

1.2.4.9 The initial medical report required to obtain a commercial Pilot-aircraft-or, commercial pilot-helicopter title must be conducted by an official aeronautical medicine center designated for this purpose. This official centre will intervene in cases of a final non-fitness declaration.

1.2.5 Validity of titles and licenses

1.2.5.1 To keep a license in place, it will be necessary to renew it periodically according to the following conditions:

1.2.5.1.1 No use shall be made of the privileges granted by the title or the ratings entered in the licence, unless it is maintained in force and the holder complies with the established requirements relating to competition. and recent experience.

1.2.5.2 Without prejudice to the provisions of 1.2.5.2.1 and 1.2.5.2.2, for the purposes of renewal of the licence, a report on psycho-physical fitness shall be submitted in accordance with 1.2.4.5 and 1.2.4.6 at intervals not exceeding:

Twenty-four months for private aircraft pilot license.

Twelve months for commercial pilot aircraft license.

Twelve months for Air Line Transport Pilot license.

Twenty-four months for private helicopter pilot license.

Twelve months for the commercial helicopter pilot license.

Twelve months for the helicopter airline carrier pilot license.

Twenty-four months for the glider pilot license.

Twenty-four months for the free balloon Pilot license.

Twelve months for the Browsers license.

Twelve months for the onboard Mechanics license.

1.2.5.2.1 When the holder of a Pilot's license for air or commercial pilot-aircraft or helicopter-, or in-flight mechanics, has completed the forty years, the twelve-month interval specified in the 1.2.5.2 will be reduced to six months.

1.2.5.2.2 When the holder has completed forty years, the twenty-four month interval specified for the private Pilot, aeroplane or helicopter, Pilot Pilot and Free Balloon Pilot licenses shall be reduced to twelve months.

1.2.5.3 For renewal of licenses, the following experience will be credited:

Private aircraft pilot license: Nine hours of flight.

Aircraft Commercial Pilot License: Fifteen hours of flight.

Aircraft Airline Transport Pilot License: Thirty hours of flight time.

Private helicopter pilot license: Nine hours of flight time.

Helicopter Commercial Pilot License: Fifteen Hours of Flight.

Helicopter Airline Transport Pilot License: Thirty hours of flight time.

glider Pilot License: One hour and three flights.

Free Balloon Pilot License: Three hours and three flights.

Navigant License: Fifteen hours of flight.

On-board Mechanics License: Fifteen hours of flight time.

1.2.5.3.1 Where the renewal of the licence is to be carried out within the time limits laid down in 1.2.5.2.1 or 1.2.5.2.2, half of the experience required in 1.2.5.3 shall be credited on each occasion.

1.2.5.4 For the renewal of the IFR rating of aircraft and helicopter, four hours of instrument flight shall be accredited.

1.2.5.5 The Aeronautical Authority shall establish the requirements and circumstances in which the flight hours indicated in 1.2.5.3 and 1.2.5.4 must be carried out.

1.2.5.6 The Aeronautical Authority shall also determine the requirements and circumstances in which the holder of a certificate without the corresponding licence may obtain such a licence. In order to carry out the flights which, where appropriate, are required for these purposes, a specific restricted licence must be provided, not being able to be part of the minimum crew.

1.2.6 Decrease in psycho-physical fitness

The holder of a title shall cease to exercise the privileges which he or she and the registered entitlements of the licence confer on him, as soon as he becomes aware of any reduction in his or her psycho-physical fitness which may prevent him/her from being exercise in security conditions such privileges.

1.2.7 Exam Programs and Procedures

Tests for the obtaining of the private plane and helicopter Pilot, Commercial Pilot of Aircraft and Helicopter, Pilot Air Line Transportation of Aircraft and Helicopter, Pilot Pilot Pilot, Free Balloon Pilot, On-board navigator and mechanics, aircraft and helicopter IFR enablement, flight instructor, type rating, shall be performed in accordance with the official programs and procedures established by the Aeronautical Authority.

CHAPTER II

Drivers, Licenses, and Enabutations for Pilots

2.1 General Rules on Titles, Licenses, and Enablement for Pilots

2.1.1 General specifications

2.1.1.1 Before the applicant is issued with a Pilot or Enablement Title, the applicant shall comply with the relevant age requirements, academic qualifications, knowledge, experience, flight instruction, expertise and Psycho-physical fitness stipulated for such title or enablement.

2.1.1.2 It will be required to be in possession of title and Pilot's license in force to act as Pilot in command or Co-pilot of an aircraft belonging to any of the following categories:

Aircraft.

Helicopter.

Planner.

Free Globe.

2.1.1.3 The aircraft category will be included in the title and license.

2.1.1.4 The following ratings are set:

a) Class.

b) Type.

c) FVC (IFR).

d) A Flight Instructor.

2.1.2 Class and Type Enabled

2.1.2.1 The following class ratings are established for certified aircraft for single Pilot operations:

a) Land Monomotors.

b) Single-engine hydro-aircraft.

c) Terrestrial Multiengines.

d) Multi-engine Hidroplanes.

2.1.2.2 Type ratings are set for:

a) Each aircraft certified to fly with a minimum crew of two Pilots at least.

b) All types of helicopter.

(c) Any type of aircraft as long as it is deemed necessary by the Aeronautical Authority, for reasons of aviation safety, the conditions of application being determined when such rating is established.

d) In the case of Private Pilots, and in addition to the above in case of aircraft of more than 1,500 kilograms maximum weight at liftoff.

2.1.2.2.1 Stop the type ratings issued prior to the date of entry into force of this Order for certified aircraft for a single Pilot.

2.1.3 Circumstances in which class and type ratings are required

2.1.3.1 The holder of a title and licence shall not be allowed to act as a Pilot in command or as a co-pilot of an aeroplane or helicopter unless the holder has received one of the following ratings:

a) A relevant class, as provided for in 2.1.2.1, or,

b) Type, when required by the provisions of 2.1.2.2.

2.1.3.1.1 When a type rating is issued for the Co-pilot privileges, that circumstance shall be noted.

2.1.3.2 For flight of instruction, test or special flights performed without remuneration and which do not carry passengers, it shall be provided in those cases where the application of the specified requirement is not possible. 2.1.3.1, a special authorisation for the holder of the licence, instead of issuing the class or type rating provided for in that paragraph. The validity of such authorisation shall be limited to the performance of the flights for which it has been issued.

2.1.4 Requirements for issuing class and type ratings

2.1.4.1 Class Enablement: The applicant shall demonstrate the degree of skill appropriate to the license, in an aircraft of the class for which it wishes to be entitled.

2.1.4.2 Type enablement as stipulated in 2.1.2.2 a) and c).

2.1.4.2.1 Type rating is required to exercise the command and co-pilot functions of Pilot on any aircraft certified for two Pilots, as well as any other for which it is established as planned in 2.1.2.2 c).

2.1.4.2.2 The type-rating processes shall be carried out within the organisation of an authorised operator and must be part of the training programmes approved by the Aeronautical Authority. They shall include the complementary instruction applicable to those newly-registered pilots already authorised in the fleet to which they are incorporated.

2.1.4.2.3 In order to obtain the first type rating, a specific minimum experience must be established, as well as demonstrate knowledge of the Air Line Transport Pilot, and follow a practical training phase, For the purposes of the applicant:

(a) It shall be carried out, in addition to the experience required in 2.4.1.4, two hundred and fifty hours of flight, which shall be reduced to two hundred if carried out on multi-engine aeroplanes, or one hundred in the case of reactor aircraft.

b) Demonstrate the knowledge corresponding to the program established for obtaining the title of Air Line Transport Pilot, at the level determined by the Aeronautical Authority.

(c) A practical training process shall follow the Operator in which the rating is carried out and approved for the purpose, which shall comprise flight training or simulator and shall include elements relating to the coordination of the crew, adaptation to Company operating procedures and conditions, and knowledge of the relevant operational air carriers.

2.1.4.2.3.1 The experience requirement contained in (a) above shall be considered to be satisfied if the programme corresponding to the practical training phase specified in (c) incorporates a particular process of instruction the in-flight effect or simulator, appropriate to the type rating that is intended, and is specifically approved.

2.1.4.2.3.2 Without prejudice to the provisions of 2.1.4.2.3, the type rating may be obtained without the required experience in 2.1.4.2.3, (a) if the type-rating process specified in the 2.1.4.2.6 within an instruction programme which provides for online training-according to 2.1.4.2.6 c)-on flights other than public passenger transport. In this case, the rating will contain a restriction on this online training phase; it will be increased by a minimum of seventy-five hours-including at least 30 sectors-to be carried out with an instructor pilot, and without being part of the minimum crew during the first five sectors.

2.1.4.2.4 When applying for the first type rating for activities other than an authorised operator, the applicable conditions shall be as laid down in 2.1.4.2.3 (a) and (b), and must be completed in case of incorporation. subsequent to one of these Operators, prior to the supplementary instruction in 2.1.4.2.2.

2.1.4.2.5 In addition to the specific conditions applicable to the first type-rating, in all cases, the applicant:

a) It shall be acquired, under due supervision, experience in the type of aircraft concerned:

Normal flight procedures and maneuvers during all phases.

abnormal and emergency procedures and maneuvers related to equipment failure and malfunction, such as the engine group, other aircraft systems, and the cell.

If applicable, the instrument flight procedures, including instrument approach, missed approach and landing procedures under normal, abnormal and emergency conditions and also the engine simulated failure.

The procedures related to the intraining and coordination of the crew including the assignment of Pilot's own tasks; the cooperation of the crew and the use of checklists.

(b) The expertise and knowledge required for the safe use of the aircraft type concerned shall have been demonstrated for the functions of the pilot-in-command or the co-pilot, as the case may be.

2.1.4.2.6 This will be credited by the successive realization of:

(a) Overcoming a recognised theoretical-practical course including the elements listed in 2.1.4.2.5 (a), in the practical stage of which the approved simulators may be used.

b) Supplementary training in real flight-training on a basis-with approved content, completed with the corresponding test being exceeded.

c) Online training, in accordance with the restrictions established under the results of the test described in (b) above.

2.1.4.3 Enabling of type as stipulated in 2.1.2.2 b): The applicant shall have demonstrated the expertise and knowledge necessary for the safe use of the type of helicopter concerned, corresponding to the Pilot's Pilot functions.

2.1.4.4 The development of the circumstances applicable to the process of obtaining a Type Enablement, as regards: General conditions, requirements for access to it, requirements applicable to recognised courses and programmes In order to ensure that the training is carried out in accordance with the requirements of this Directive, the Commission shall, in accordance with Article 3 (2) of Regulation (EU) No No 1, provide the following information: the Aeronautical Authority.

2.1.4.5 The exercise of the functions inherent in a type rating shall be subject to the conditions relating to recent experience and periodic verifications, as set out in the Air Circulation Regulation, as well as those other operational ones which, as a general rule or as particular specifications of the operator, are applicable.

2.1.4.6 Type-Enablement as set out in 2.1.2.2 d): For the procurement by a private Pilot of a type rating in this case the conditions set out in 2.1.4.2.3 a) and 2.1.4.2.3.1 shall apply.

2.1.5 Using synthetic flight trainers for skill demonstrations

The use of a synthetic flight coach for the performance of the manoeuvres required for the demonstration of the skill, for the purpose of the issue of a title and licence or rating, shall be valid when the trainer Flight synthetic used is authorized for the specific instruction concerned.

2.1.6 Circumstances in which instrument flight enablement is required

The holder of a title or license shall not be permitted to act as a Pilot in command or as a co-pilot of an aircraft according to instrument flight rules (IFR), unless he is in possession of a flight rating by instruments corresponding to the category of the aircraft.

2.1.7 Circumstances in which enablement is required, to impart flight instruction

b6

To provide the required flight instruction to issue a Private Pilot-aircraft or helicopter-, Commercial Pilot-aircraft or helicopter-an instrument rating-aircraft or helicopter-, type rating, and Enabling the appropriate flight instructor for aircraft or helicopters, the holder is required to be in possession of:

a) A flight Instructor enablement annotated in the holder's license, or

b) An authorization to act as an Instructor of any recognized Center or Agency that has been empowered to impart flight instruction.

2.1.8 Recognition of flight time and circumstances of its performance

2.1.8.1 The Pilot Student or holder of a Pilot's title or license shall have the right to be fully credited for the total flight time required to initially issue a Pilot Title or to issue a Title higher or higher rating, all the flight time that has taken place only, in dual command instruction and as a pilot-in-command.

2.1.8.2 To these effects, flight time as a co-pilot on commercial air transport lines, shall be computed at 75 per 100 of its value, except for the online training which will be at 50 per 100, and when authorised a crew reinforced with two Co-pilots in which they shall be counted at 25 per 100.

2.1.8.3 Where the holder of a Pilot's title acts as a co-pilot of an aircraft that requires a co-pilot, he shall be entitled to be credited, for the total flight time required for a maximum Pilot's degree, the maximum. 50 for 100 of the time I have flown as a co-pilot.

2.1.8.4 To these effects, those flight hours to be performed under conditions for which the applicant is not entitled shall be carried out under the supervision of a flight instructor who shall determine the conditions of the flight. such flights.

2.1.8.5 The flight instruction required to obtain a Commercial Pilot or Enablement Title shall be conducted within a Center of Instruction authorized for the purpose or, if applicable, for personal and unmediated personnel. remuneration for this, within an authorised Operator in a manner compatible with the other activities authorised thereto.

2.1.9 Restriction of the privileges of pilots who have been sixty years old

Licences of licences which have been completed for 60 years may not act as a pilot in command or co-pilot in commercial air transport services.

2.2 Pilot Student Card.

2.2.1 Circumstances in which Pilot Student Card is required

Any Pilot Student who does not have a licence in force to carry out flights on the basis of his instruction must have a card issued for that purpose by the Aeronautical Authority.

2.2.2 Requirements for the issuance of a Pilot Student Card

2.2.2.1 The Pilot Pupils for obtaining the corresponding card shall be required to certify that the following requirements are met:

(a) Be enrolled in an Aeronautical Training Center authorized to provide the appropriate instruction.

b) Post a medical evaluation of the class corresponding to the title they want to obtain.

2.2.2.2 Pilot Students will not fly alone unless they do so under the supervision of a Flight Instructor who will determine the content of such flights and monitor their development.

2.2.2.3 No Pilot Student will fly only on an aircraft in international flight.

2.3 Aircraft Private Pilot Title and License

2.3.1 Requirements for issuing the title and license

2.3.1.1 Age: The applicant will have been seventeen years old.

2.3.1.2 Knowledge: The applicant shall demonstrate a level of knowledge appropriate to the privileges that the Private Pilot Title of Avion confers on its holder, at least on the following topics:

Air law:

(a) The relevant provisions and regulations to the holder of a Private Pilot License of Avion; the Air Regulation; the methods and procedures of air traffic services.

General knowledge of aircraft.

(b) Principles relating to the management of aircraft engines, systems and instruments.

(c) Operational limitations of aircraft and engine groups; relevant operational information of the flight manual or other appropriate document.

Performance and flight planning.

d) The influence of the load and the distribution of the mass on the flight characteristics, load and balance calculations.

e) The use and practical application of performance data for take-off, landing and other operations.

f) Pre-flight and en route planning for VFR flights; the preparation and presentation of flight plans required by transit services: the procedures for the notification of position: Altimeter adjustment procedures: operations in areas of high traffic density.

Human performance and limitations.

g) Human performance and limitations for the private aircraft Pilot.

Meteorology.

h) The application of the elementary aeronautical meteorology; the procedures for obtaining meteorological information and the use thereof; altimetry.

Navigation.

i) The practical aspects of air navigation and navigation techniques; the use of aeronautical cards.

Operational Procedures.

j) The use of air documents such as AIP, NOTAM, aeronautical codes and abbreviations.

k) Appropriate preventive and emergency procedures, including measures to be taken to avoid areas of dangerous weather, turbulent wake and other operational risks.

Flight principles.

l) The principles of flight relating to aircraft.

Radiotelephony.

m) The radiotelefonic procedures and phraseology applicable to private flights; the measures to be taken in the event of a communication failure.

2.3.1.3 Experience.

2.3.1.3.1 The applicant shall have conducted at least forty hours of flight time as a plane Pilot. The instruction received by the Pilot in a synthetic flight trainer, certified, is acceptable as part of the total flight time of forty hours. The credit for such experience shall be limited to a maximum of five hours.

2.3.1.3.1.1 When the applicant has flight time as Pilot of aircraft of other categories, it will be determined in time if this experience is acceptable and, in this case, the consequent decrease in flight time stipulated in 2.3.1.3.1.

2.3.1.3.2 The applicant shall have conducted at least ten hours of flight-only flight hours under the supervision of an authorised flight instructor, including five hours of cross-country flight and at least one crossing flight of a minimum of 270 km (150 nautical miles), during which it shall have completed full landings in two different aerodromes.

2.3.1.4 Flight Instruction.

2.3.1.4.1 The applicant shall have received from a flight instructor double command in aeroplanes. The instructor shall ensure that the operational experience of the applicant has reached the level of performance required of the private Pilot, at least in the following:

a) Pre-flight operations, including load and balance determination, aircraft inspection and service.

b) Operations at the aerodrome and in transit circuit, precautions and procedures in the field of collision prevention.

c) Control of the aircraft by external visual reference.

d) Flight at critically low aerodynamic speeds; recognition and recovery in situations of proximity to loss and loss.

e) Flight at critically high aerodynamic speeds, reconnaissance, and spiral pickled recovery.

f) Despegues and normal landings and with side wind.

g) Despegues with maximum performance (short track and obstacle franking); short track landings.

h) Flight by reference to instruments only, including the execution of a complete horizontal turn of 180 degrees.

i) Flight from cruise by visual reference, navigation to esteem and with radio aids for navigation.

j) Emergency operations, even simulated malfunction of the aircraft equipment; and

k) Operations from, to yen transit through controlled aerodromes, compliance with air traffic services procedures, procedures and radiotelefonic phraseology.

2.3.1.4.2 In order for the title privileges to be exercised at night, the applicant shall have received instruction in aeroplanes with double control in night flight including take-offs, landings and navigation.

2.3.1.4.3 The instrument flight experience, specified in 2.3.1.4.1 h) and night flight experience, specified in 2.3.1.4.2 do not entitle the holder of a private aircraft Pilot License to pilot aircraft on IFR flights.

2.3.1.5 Pericia: The applicant shall have demonstrated his ability to execute, as Pilot in command of an aeroplane, the procedures and manoeuvres described in 2.3.1.4 with a degree of competence appropriate to the privileges of the title of private aircraft Pilot confesses to its holder, and:

a) Pilot the aircraft within its limitations.

c) Run all manoeuvres with softness and precision.

c) Demonstrate good judgment and fitness for flight.

d) Apply aeronautical knowledge: and

e) Dominate the plane at all times, so that there is never any serious doubt as to the execution of any procedure or maneuver.

2.3.1.6 Psychophysical Aptitude: The applicant will possess a current class 2 medical evaluation.

2.3.2 Private Pilot Privileges Conditions to be observed for exercising

2.3.2.1 According to the provisions of Article 4.1 of Royal Decree 959/1990 and subject to compliance with the requirements specified in 1.2.5, 1.2.6 and 2.1, the privileges of the private aircraft Pilot shall be without remuneration, such as Pilot in command or as a co-pilot of any aircraft carrying out unpaid flights in the flight conditions for which it is enabled.

2.3.2.2 To act on aircraft weighing more than 1,500 kilograms, it must be in possession of the corresponding type rating.

2.3.2.3 Before exercising the privileges in night flight, the holder of the License shall have satisfied the requirements specified in 2.3.1.4.2. Otherwise, the corresponding restriction annotation will be performed.

2.4 Aircraft commercial pilot license and title

2.4.1 Requirements for issuing the title and license

2.4.1.1 Age: The applicant will have been eighteen years of age.

2.4.1.2 Academic requirements: COU or equivalent.

2.4.1.3 Knowledge.

The applicant shall demonstrate a level of knowledge appropriate to the privileges that the commercial aircraft Pilot Title confers on its holder, at least on the following topics:

Air law.

(a) The relevant provisions and regulations to the holder of an aeroplane commercial Pilot License; the air regulation; the methods and procedures of air traffic services.

General knowledge of aircraft:

(b) The principles relating to the operation and operation of the aircraft's engine groups, systems and instruments.

(c) Operational limitations of aircraft and engine groups; relevant operational information of the flight manual or other appropriate document.

(d) The use and verification of the functioning of the equipment and the systems of the relevant aircraft.

e) The procedures for the maintenance of the cells, systems and engine groups of the relevant aircraft.

Performance and flight planning.

f) The influence of the load and the distribution of the mass on the aeroplane handling, the characteristics and the flight performance; load and balance calculations.

g) The use and practical application of the take-off, landing and other operations performance data.

h) Pre-flight and en route planning for VFR flights; preparation and presentation of flight plans required by air traffic services; appropriate procedures for the flight services; air traffic; altimeter adjustment procedures.

Human performance and limitations.

i) Human performance and limitations for the commercial aircraft Pilot.

Meteorology.

j) The interpretation and application of the aeronautical meteorological reports, maps and forecasts; the procedures for obtaining meteorological information before and in flight and use of the same: altimetry.

(k) Aeronautical Meteorology; climatology of relevant areas with respect to elements having an impact on aviation; the displacement of pressure systems, the structure of the fronts and the origin; and the characteristics of the significant weather events affecting the take-off conditions to the en route and the landing; the way to avoid dangerous weather conditions.

Navigation.

l) Air navigation, the use of aeronautical letters, instruments and aids for navigation; understanding of the principles and characteristics of appropriate navigation systems; management of on-board equipment.

Operational Procedures.

m) The use of aeronautical documents such as AIP, NOTAM, aeronautical codes and abbreviations.

n) Appropriate preventive and emergency procedures.

o) The operational procedures for the transport of cargo; the possible risks in relation to the transport of dangerous goods.

p) Required and methods for imparting safety instructions to passengers. the precautions to be taken when boarding or landing the aircraft.

Flight principles.

q) The principles of flight relating to aircraft.

Radiotelephony.

r) The radiotelefonic procedures and phraseology required by navigation and air traffic services at national and international level: the measures to be taken in the event of failure of communications.

2.4.1.4 Experience.

2.4.1.4.1 The applicant shall have conducted at least two hundred hours of flight. It may be made up to a maximum of ten hours in an authorised synthetic flight coach. For the computation of these numbers, at each hour during a course of instruction recognized as a plane Pilot, a correction coefficient of 1.33 shall be applied.

2.4.1.4.1.1 The applicant shall have done by aeroplane, at least:

a) One hundred hours of flight as Pilot at the command or, in the event of having followed a recognized instruction course, seventy hours as Pilot-in-command.

b) Twenty hours of voyage flight as Pilot-in-command, including a flight of a minimum of 540 kilometers (300 nautical miles), during which it will have made complete landings at two different airfields.

(c) Ten hours of flight instruction by instruments, of which a maximum of five hours may be of time in coach; and

d) In order for the privileges of the license to be exercised at night, five hours of night flight including five take-offs and five landings as Pilot-in-command.

2.4.1.4.2 When the applicant has flight time as Pilot of aircraft of other categories, it will be determined on time if this experience is acceptable and, in this case, the consequent decrease in flight time stipulated in 2.4.1.4.1.

2.4.1.5 Flight instruction.

2.4.1.5.1 The applicant shall have received from a flight instructor with double command in aeroplanes. The instructor shall ensure that the operational experience of the applicant has reached the level of performance required of the commercial Pilot, at least in the following:

a) Pre-flight operations, including load and balance determination, inspection and service of the aircraft.

b) Operations at the aerodrome and in transit circuit, precautions and procedures in the field of collision prevention.

c) Control of the aircraft by external visual reference.

d) Flight at critically low aerodynamic speeds, the way to avoid sweeps: recognition and recovery in situations of proximity to loss and loss.

e) Flight at critically high aerodynamic speeds: recognition and recovery of spiral bites.

f) Despegues and normal landings and with side wind.

g) Despegues with maximum performance (short track and obstacle franking); short track landings.

h) Basic flight maniworks and flight line reset from unaccustomed attitudes, by reference only to basic flight instruments.

i) Travel flight by visual reference, navigation to esteem and radio aids for navigation; procedures in case of route deviation.

j) Abnormal and emergency procedures and maneuvers; and

k) Operations from, to and in transit through controlled aerodromes compliance with the procedures of air traffic services, procedures and radiotelefonic phraseology.

2.4.1.5.2 In order for the title privileges to be exercised at night, the applicant shall have received instruction in aeroplanes with double control in night flight including take-offs, landings and navigation.

2.4.1.5.3 The instrument flight experience, specified in 2.4.1.4.1, c) and 2.4.1.5.1, h), and night flight experience, specified in 2.4.1.4.1.1, d) and 2.5.1.4.2, do not entitle the holder of a commercial pilot licence to aircraft to pilot aeroplanes under IFR conditions.

2.4.1.6 Pericia: The applicant will have demonstrated his ability to execute, as Pilot in command of an aeroplane, the procedures and maneuvers described in 2.4.1.5 with a degree of competence appropriate to the privileges that the title Commercial Pilot of aircraft confers on its holder, and

a) Pilot the aircraft within its limitations.

b) Run all manoeuvres with softness and precision.

c) Demonstrate good judgment and fitness for flight.

d) Apply aeronautical knowledge.

e) Dominate the plane at all times, so that there is never any serious doubt as to the execution of any procedure or maneuver.

2.4.1.7 Psychophysical Aptitude: The applicant will possess a current class 1 medical evaluation.

2.4.2 Privileges and conditions to be observed for exercising

2.4.2.1 As provided for in Article 4.2 of Royal Decree 959/1990 and subject to compliance with the requirements specified in 1.2.5, 1.2.6 and 2.1, the privileges of the Commercial Pilot of Aircraft shall be:

a) Exercise all the privileges of the holder of a private aircraft Pilot title.

b) Act as a Pilot at the command of any aircraft engaged in non-commercial air transport flights

c) Act as Pilot in command in commercial activities and commercial air transport services, on any aircraft certified for operations with a single Pilot, and

d) Act as a co-pilot in commercial air transport services on aircraft that require co-pilot.

2.4.2.2 Before exercising the privileges in night flight, the licence holder shall have satisfied the requirements specified in 2.4.1.4.1.1.d) and 2.4.1.5.1. Otherwise, the corresponding restriction annotation will be performed.

2.5 Aircraft Airline Transportation Pilot Title and License

2.5.1 Requirements for issuing the title and license

2.5.1.1 Age: The applicant will have been twenty-one years old.

2.5.1.2 Academic requirements: COU or equivalent.

2.5.1.3 Knowledge: The applicant shall have demonstrated a level of knowledge appropriate to the privileges that the air carrier Pilot Title of aircraft confers on its holder, at least on the following topics:

Air law:

(a) The relevant provisions and regulations to the holder of a Pilot License for Air Line Transport, the Air Regulation, the appropriate methods and procedures of air traffic services.

General knowledge of aircraft.

(b) The general characteristics and limitations of the electrical, hydraulic, pressurisation and other systems of the aircraft; the flight control systems, including the automatic pilot and the increase of the stability.

c) The operating principles, management procedures and operational limitations of the aircraft engine groups: the influence of atmospheric conditions on engine performance; operational information relevant to the flight manual or other appropriate document.

d) The operational procedures and limitations of the relevant aircraft: the influence of atmospheric conditions on aircraft performance.

e) The use and verification of the operating status of the equipment of the relevant aircraft systems.

f) Flight instruments; errors of compasses when turning and accelerating; operational limits of gyroscopic instruments and precision effects: methods and procedures in case of malfunction of the various Flight instruments.

g) The procedures for the maintenance of the cells, systems and engine groups of the relevant aircraft.

Performance and flight planning.

h) The influence of the load and the distribution of the mass on the handling of the aircraft; the characteristics and performance, flight; load and balance calculations.

i) The use and practical application of performance data for take-off, landing and other operations, including cruise flight control procedures.

j) Pre-flight and en route operational planning: the preparation and presentation of flight plans required by air traffic services; appropriate procedures for air traffic services; Altimeter adjustment procedures.

Human performance and limitations.

k) Human performance and limitations for the aircraft carrier Pilot Pilot.

Meteorology.

(l) The interpretation and application of aeronautical meteorological reports, maps, and forecasts; keys and abbreviations; procedures for obtaining meteorological information before and in flight and use; altimetry.

(m) Aeronautical Meteorology; climatology of relevant areas with respect to elements having an impact on aviation; the displacement of pressure systems, the structure of the fronts and the origin; and characteristics of the significant weather events affecting the take-off conditions, the en route flight and the landing.

n) The causes, recognition and influence of the formation of ice in the engines and in the cell; the procedures of penetration of frontal zones; the way to avoid dangerous meteorological conditions.

o) Practical weather at high altitudes, including the interpretation and use of weather reports, maps and forecasts; jet streams.

Navigation.

p) Air navigation; use of aeronautical letters, navigation aids and area navigation systems; specific navigation requirements for long-haul flights.

q) The use, limitation and operational status of the avionics devices and instruments necessary for the control and navigation of aircraft.

r) The use, accuracy and reliability of the navigation systems used in the phases of departure, route, approach and landing; the identification of the radio aids for navigation.

s) The principles and characteristics of the autonomous navigation systems and by external references; management of the on-board equipment.

Operational Procedures.

t) The interpretation and use of aeronautical documents such as AIP, NOTAM, aeronautical codes and abbreviations, and letters of flight procedures by means of departure, route flight, descent and approximation.

u) Preventive and emergency procedures: flight safety measures under IFR conditions.

v) The operational procedures for the transport of cargo and dangerous goods.

w) Requirements and methods for providing safety instructions to passengers, including precautions to be observed when boarding or landing aircraft.

Flight principles.

x) Flight principles relating to aeroplanes; subsonic aerodynamics; effects of comprehensibility, manoeuvring limits, design characteristics of the wings, effects of supplementary and supporting devices Resistance to advancement; relation between the support of the resistance to the advance and the thrust at different aerodynamic speeds and in different flight configurations.

Radiotelephony.

and) Radio-telephone procedures and phraseology; the measures to be taken in the event of a communication failure.

2.5.1.3.1 Where the knowledge referred to in 2.1.4.2.1 has been demonstrated, the requirement referred to in 2.5.1.3 shall be limited to the differences specified in the programme.

2.5.1.4 Experience.

2.5.1.4.1 The applicant shall have performed at least one thousand five hundred hours of flight time as Pilot of aeroplanes. The instruction received by the Pilot in an authorized synthetic flight coach is acceptable as part of the total flight time of one thousand five hundred hours. The credit for such experience shall be limited to a maximum of 100 hours, of which a maximum of twenty-five shall have been acquired in a flight procedure coach or a basic instrument flight coach.

2.5.1.4.1.1 The applicant shall have performed, by aeroplane, at least:

(a) Two hundred and fifty hours of pilot-in-command flight, or a minimum of one hundred hours as Pilot-in-command, plus the additional flight time required as the Co-pilot performing, under the supervision of the Commanding Pilot, the obligations and functions of this.

b) Two hundred hours of cross-country flight, of which a minimum of one hundred as Pilot-in-command or as co-pilot performing, under the supervision of the Commanding Pilot, the obligations and functions of this.

c) Seventy-five hours of instrument flight, of which a maximum of thirty may be of time in coach: and

d) One hundred hours of night flight as Pilot in command or as a co-pilot.

2.5.1.4.2 When the applicant has flight time as Pilot of aircraft of other categories, it will be determined in time if this experience is acceptable and, in this case, the subsequent approval of the time in relation to the number of flight hours stipulated in 2.5.1.4.1.

2.5.1.5 Flight instruction: The applicant shall have received the double-command instruction required to issue the title and the aircraft Commercial Pilot's license (2.4.1.4) and the flight rating by instrument-aircraft (2.6.1.3).

2.5.1.6 Pericia.

2.5.1.6.1 The applicant shall have demonstrated his ability to perform, as a Pilot in command of multi-engine aeroplanes requiring Co-pilot, the following procedures and manoeuvres:

(a) The pre-flight procedures, which shall include the preparation of the operational flight plan and the presentation of the flight plan required by air traffic services.

b) Normal flight procedures and manoeuvres during all phases.

(c) Procedures and manoeuvres for IFR flights under normal, abnormal and emergency conditions, which shall include simulated engine failure and shall comprise at least the following:

Transition to flight by instruments on takeoff.

Normalized outputs and arrivals by instruments.

IFR procedures and navigation en route.

Wait-loop procedures.

Instrument approaches up to the specified minimums.

Missed approach procedures.

Landings from approximations by instruments.

d) The abnormal procedures and maneuvers of equipment failure and malfunction, such as engine, systems, and cell groups; and

e) The procedures for the coordination of the crew and for the intraining of any of its members, which will include the assignment of tasks of the Pilot, the cooperation of the crew members and the use of checklists.

2.5.1.6.1.1 The applicant shall have demonstrated his ability to perform the procedures and manoeuvres described in 2.5.1.5.1 with a degree of competence appropriate to the privileges held by the Air Line Transport Pilot Title of aeroplane confers on its holder, and:

a) Pilot the aircraft within its limitations.

b) Run all manoeuvres with softness and precision.

c) Demonstrate good judgment and fitness for flight.

d) Apply aeronautical knowledge.

e) Dominate the plane at all times so that there is never any doubt as to the execution of some procedure or maneuver.

f) Understand and apply the procedures for the coordination of the crew, and for the case of the incapacitation of any of its members; and

g) Communicate effectively with other flight crew members.

2.5.1.7 Psychophysical Aptitude: The applicant will possess a current class 1 medical evaluation.

2.5.2 Privileges and conditions to be observed for exercising

As provided for in Article 4.3 of Royal Decree 959/1990 and subject to compliance with the requirements specified in 1.2.5, 1.2.6 and 2.1, the privileges of an Air Line Transport Pilot shall be:

a) Exercise all privileges of the holder of a Private Pilot and Commercial Pilot License and of a flight rating by instrument-aircraft; and

b) Acting Pilot-in-command and co-pilot of aircraft in commercial air transport services.

2.6 Enabling flight by plane-instruments

2.6.1 Requirements to Issue Enablement

2.6.1.1 Knowledge: The applicant shall have demonstrated a level of knowledge appropriate to the privileges that the aeroplane-instrument flight rating confers on its holder, at least on the following topics:

Air law.

(a) The relevant provisions and regulations for IFR flights; the methods and procedures of air traffic services.

General knowledge of aircraft.

(b) The use, limitations and operating conditions of the avionics equipment and of the instruments necessary for the control and navigation of avbions on IFR flights and in flight weather conditions instruments: automatic pilot use and limitations.

c) Bruges, errors in virar and acceleration; gyroscopic instruments, operational limits and precision effects; methods and procedures in case of malfunction of the various flight instruments.

Performance and flight planning.

d) Pre-flight preparations and verifications for IFR flights.

e) The operational planning of the flight: the preparation and presentation of flight plans required by air traffic services for IFR flights: altimeter adjustment procedures.

Human performance and limitations.

f) Human performance and limitations for aircraft instrument flight.

Meteorology.

g) The application of aeronautical meteorology; the interpretation and use of reports, maps and forecasts; keys and abbreviations; the procedures for obtaining meteorological information and the use thereof: altimetry.

h) The causes, recognition and influence of the formation of ice in the engines and in the cell; the procedures of penetration of frontal zones: how to avoid dangerous weather conditions.

Navigation.

i) Practical air navigation through radio aids for navigation.

j) The use, accuracy and reliability of the navigation systems used in the phases of departure, route, approach and landing: the identification of the radio aids for navigation.

Operational Procedures.

(k) The interpretation and use of aeronautical documents such as AIP. NOTAM, aeronautical codes and abbreviations, and letters of flight procedures by means of departure, route flight, descent and approximation.

l) Preventive and emergency procedures; security measures relating to IFR flights.

Radiotelephony.

m) The radiotelefonic procedures and phraseology applicable to aircraft on IFR flights: the measures to be taken in the event of failure of communications.

2.6.1.2 Experience.

2.6.1.2.1 The applicant shall be in possession of a Private or Commercial Pilot Title, and license in force,

2.6.1.2.2 The requester will have performed at least:

(a) Fifty hours of flight time as a pilot in flight on aircraft of categories accepted for that purpose by the Aeronautical Authority of which at least ten hours on aeroplanes; and

b) Forty-hours of vuleo per instrument by helicopter or aircraft. Of these, a maximum of twenty hours can be made in flight procedures coach or basic instrument flight coach, or thirty hours in flight simulator. The hours in the synthetic flight coach shall be carried out under the supervision of an authorised instructor.

2.6.1.3 Flight Instruction.

2.6.1.3.1 The applicant shall have conducted a minimum of ten hours of instrument flight instruction on double-command aeroplanes supervised by an authorised instructor. The instructor shall ensure that the operational experience of the applicant has reached the level of action required of the holder of an instrument flight rating, at least in the following:

(a) The pre-flight procedures, including the use of the flight manual or an equivalent document, and the relevant documents of the air traffic services, for the preparation of a flight plan IFR.

(b) Pre-flight inspection, use of checklists, taxiing and pre-take-off verifications.

(c) Procedures and manoeuvres for IFR flights under normal, abnormal and emergency conditions comprising at least:

The transition to flight by instruments on takeoff.

Normalized outputs and arrivals by instruments.

IFR procedures en route.

Wait procedures.

Instrument approaches up to the specified minimums.

Missed approach procedures.

Landings from approximations by instruments.

d) Maniworks in flight and peculiar flight characteristics.

2.6.1.3.2 In order for the privileges of the rating to be exercised on multi-engine aeroplanes, the applicant shall have received a recognised flight instructor with double command on an aeroplane of this type. The instructor shall ensure that the applicant has operational experience in the handling of the aeroplane exclusively by reference to the instruments with an idle or simulated idle engine.

2.6.1.4 Pericia.

2.6.1.4.1 The applicant shall have demonstrated its ability to perform the procedures and manoeuvres described in 2.6.1.3.1 with a degree of competence appropriate to the privileges of the aeroplane instrument flight rating confers on its holder, and

a) Pilot the aircraft within its limitations.

b) Run all manoeuvres with softness and precision.

c) Demonstrate good judgment and fitness for flight.

d) Apply aeronautical knowledge; and

e) Dominate the plane at all times, so that there is never any serious doubt as to the execution of any procedure or maneuver.

2.6.1.4.1.1 In order for the privileges of the instrument flight rating to be exercised in multi-engine aeroplanes, the applicant shall have demonstrated his ability to pilot such aircraft by guiding exclusively by instruments with an idle or simulated idle engine,

2.6.1.5 Psychophysical Aptitude.

2.6.1.5.1 Applicants who are holders of the private Pilot's license will have satisfied the hearing acuity requirements in accordance with those corresponding to the class 1 medical evaluation.

2.6.2 Privileges and conditions to be observed for exercising

2.6.2.1 Subject to compliance with the requirements specified in 1.2.5, 1.2.6 and 2.1, the privileges of the holder of an aeroplane instrument flight rating shall be to pilot aeroplanes on IFR flights.

2.6.2.2 Before exercising the privileges on multi-engine aeroplanes, the holder of the rating shall have complied with the requirements of 2.6.1.4.1.1.

2.7 Private helicopter pilot title and license

2.7.1 Requirements for issuing the title and license

2.7.1.1 Age: The applicant will have been seventeen years old.

2.7.1.2 Knowledge.

The applicant will have demonstrated a level of knowledge appropriate to the privileges that the Private Pilot License-Helicopter confers on its holder, at least on the following topics:

Air law:

(a) The relevant provisions and regulations to the holder of a Private Pilot License-Helicopter; the Air Regulations; the methods and procedures of air traffic services.

General knowledge of aircraft.

(b) Principles relating to the management of helicopter engines, systems and instruments.

c) Operational limitations of helicopters and engine groups; relevant operational information of the flight manual or other appropriate document.

Performance and flight planning.

d) The influence of the load and the distribution of the mass on the flight characteristics, load and balance calculations.

e) The use and practical application of performance data for take-off, landing and other operations.

f) Pre-flight and en route planning for VFR flights; preparation and presentation of flight plans required by transit services; position notification procedures; Altimeter adjustment procedures; operations in areas of high traffic density.

Human performance and limitations.

g) Human performance and limitations for the Private Pilot-Helicopter.

Meteorology.

h) The application of the elementary aeronautical meteorology; the procedures for obtaining meteorological information and the use of the same altimetry.

Navigation.

i) The practical aspects of air navigation and navigation techniques; the use of aeronautical cards.

Operational Procedures.

j) The use of aeronautical documents such as AIP, NOTAM, aeronautical codes and abbreviations.

k) Appropriate preventive and emergency procedures, including measures to be taken to avoid areas of dangerous weather, turbulent wake and other operational risks.

Flight principles.

l) Flight principles relating to helicopters.

Radiotelephony.

m) The radiotelefonic procedures and phraseology applicable to VFR flights; the measures to be taken in the event of failure of communications.

2.7.1.3 Experience

2.7.1.3.1 The applicant shall have conducted at least forty hours of flight time as a Helicopter Pilot. The instruction received by the Pilot in a synthetic flight coach approved for the purpose is acceptable as part of that total flight time, up to a maximum of five hours.

2.7.1.3.1.1 When the applicant has time as a Pilot of Aircraft of other categories it will be determined on time if this experience is acceptable and, in this case, the consequent approval of time in relation to the number of Flight hours stipulated in 2.7.1.3.1.

2.7.1.3.2 The applicant shall have conducted at least ten hours of helicopter-only flight under the supervision of an authorised flight instructor, including five hours of solo voyage flight and at least one flight from a minimum of 180 kilometers (100 NM), during which it will carry out landings at two different points.

2.7.1.4 Flight instruction.

2.7.1.4.1 The applicant shall have received a minimum of twenty hours of instruction with double command in helicopters from an authorised flight instructor. The Instructor shall ensure that the applicant's operational experience has reached the level of performance required of the Private Pilot, at least in the following:

a) Pre-flight operations, including load and balance determination, inspection, and helicopter services.

b) Operations at the aerodrome and in transit circuit, precautions and procedures in the field of collision prevention.

c) Helicopter control by external visual reference.

d) Recovery in the incipient stage of the slow vertical descent with rotor; recovery techniques with the rotor under regime, within the normal engine speed.

e) Maniworks and ground runs; stationary flight; normal take-offs and landings outside the direction of the wind and on unlevel ground.

(f) Unpaste and landings with the minimum power required; take-off and landing techniques in maximum performance conditions; restricted site operations; rapid stop.

g) Travel flight by visual reference, navigation to esteem and with radio aids for navigation, even in flight for at least one hour.

h) Emergency operations, even simulated helicopter equipment malfunction; self-rotation approach and landings, and

i) Operations from, to and in transit through controlled aerodromes, compliance with procedures for air traffic services, radiotelefonic procedures and phraseology.

2.7.1.4.1.1 The applicant shall have received flight instruction by means of double-control, from an authorised flight instructor. This shall ensure that the applicant has operational experience in flight, guided exclusively by instruments, including the execution of a horizontal turn of 180 °, in a helicopter equipped with the appropriate instruments.

2.7.1.4.2 For the privileges of the license to be exercised at night, the applicant shall have received instruction in helicopters with double control in night flight including take-offs, landings and navigation.

2.7.1.4.3 The instrument flight experience specified in 2.7.1.4.1.1 and the night flight experience specified in 2.7.1.4.2 do not entitle the holder of a Private Pilot license-helicopter to pilot helicopters on flights IFR.

2.7.1.5 Pericia: The applicant will have demonstrated his ability to execute as Pilot in command of a helicopter, the procedures and maneuvers described in 2.7.1.4 with a degree of competence appropriate to the attributions that the Private Pilot-helicopter license confers on its holder, and:

a) Pilot the helicopter within its limitations.

b) Run all manoeuvres with softness and precision.

c) Demonstrate good judgment and fitness for flight.

d) Apply aeronautical knowledge, and

e) Dominate the helicopter at all times so that there is never any serious doubt as to the execution of any procedure or maneuver.

2.7.1.6 Psychophysical Aptitude: Applicant will possess a current class 2 medical evaluation.

2.7.2 License holder privileges and conditions to be observed for exercising

2.7.2.1 According to the provisions of article 4. º, 4, of Royal Decree 959/1990, and subject to compliance with the requirements specified in 1.2.5, 1.2.6 and 2.1, the privileges of the private helicopter will be to act as Pilot-in-command or as a co-pilot of any helicopter carrying out unpaid flights, in flight conditions to be enabled.

2.7.2.2 Before exercising the privileges in night flight the licence holder shall have satisfied the requirements laid down in 2.7.1.4.2.

2.8 Helicopter commercial pilot license and title

2.8.1 Requirements for issuing the title and license

2.8.1.1 Age: The applicant will have been eighteen years of age.

2.8.1.2 Academic requirements: The applicant shall be in possession of the COU or equivalent.

2.8.1.3 Knowledge: The applicant shall have demonstrated a level of knowledge appropriate to the privileges that the commercial helicopter commercial pilot license confers on its holder, at least, on the following topics:

Air law.

(a) The relevant provisions and regulations to the holder of a Commercial-helicopter Pilot License; the air regulation; the methods and procedures of air traffic services.

General knowledge of aircraft.

(b) The principles relating to the operation and operation of the engine groups, transmission (reduction gear train), helicopter systems and instruments.

c) The operational limitations of helicopters and engine groups; the relevant operational information of the flight manual.

(d) The use and verification of the functioning of the equipment and the systems of the relevant helicopters.

e) The procedures for the maintenance of the cells, systems and engine groups of the relevant helicopters.

Performance and flight planning.

f) The influence of the load and the distribution of the mass in the handling of the helicopter, the characteristics and the flight performance; load and balance calculations.

g) The use and practical application of performance data for take-off, landing and other operations.

h) Pre-flight and en route planning for VFR flights; preparation and presentation of flight plans required by air traffic services; appropriate procedures for the flight services; air traffic; altimeter adjustment procedures.

Human performance and limitations.

i) Human performance and limitations for the Commercial-helicopter Pilot.

Meteorology.

j) The interpretation and application of aeronautical meteorological reports, maps and forecasts; procedures for obtaining meteorological information before and in flight and use of the weather; altimetry.

(k) Aeronautical Meteorology; climatology of relevant areas with respect to elements having an impact on aviation; the displacement of pressure systems, the structure of the fronts and the origin; and characteristics of significant weather events affecting take-off conditions, flight en route and landing: how to avoid dangerous weather conditions.

Navigation.

(l) Air navigation, including the use of aeronautical letters, instruments and aids for navigation; understanding of the principles and characteristics of the appropriate navigation systems; management of the equipment on board.

Operational Procedures.

m) The use of aeronautical documents such as AIP, NOTAM, aeronautical codes and abbreviations.

n) Appropriate preventive and emergency procedures; slow vertical descent with engine, soil effect, dynamic dump, and other operational risks.

(o) Operational procedures for the transport of cargo, including external charges; potential risks in relation to the transport of dangerous goods.

p) Requirements and methods for providing safety instructions to passengers, including precautions to be observed when boarding or landing helicopters.

Flight principles.

q) Flight principles relating to helicopters.

Radiotelephony.

r) The radiotelefonic procedures and phraseology applicable to VFR flights; the measures to be taken in the event of failure of communications.

2.8.1.4 Experience.

2.8.1.4.1 The applicant shall have conducted at least 150 hours of flight. It can be performed up to a maximum of ten hours in a qualified, synthetic flight coach. For the computation of these numbers, at each hour during a recognized instruction course, such as a helicopter pilot, a correction coefficient of 1.5 shall be applied.

2.8.1.4.1.1 The applicant shall have performed by helicopter, at least:

a) Five hours as Pilot-in-command.

b) Ten hours of cross-country flight as a pilot, including a cross-country flight, during which you will have made landings at two different points.

c) Ten hours of instrument flight instruction, of which a maximum of five hours may be a trainer's time, and

d) In order for the privileges of the license to be exercised at night, five hours of night flight including five take-offs and five landings as Pilot-in-command.

2.8.1.4.2 When the applicant has flight time as Pilot of aircraft of other categories, it will be determined on time if such experience is acceptable and, in such case, the consequent decrease in flight time stipulated in 2.8.1.4.1.

2.8.1.5 Flight instruction.

2.8.1.5.1 The applicant shall have received an authorised flight instructor with double command in helicopters. The Instructor shall ensure that the applicant's operational experience has reached the level of performance required of the commercial Pilot, at least in the following:

a) Pre-flight operations, including load and balance determination, inspection and service of the helicopter.

b) Operations at the aerodrome and in transit circuits, precautions in the field of collision prevention.

c) Helicopter control by external visual reference.

d) Recovery in the incipient stage of the slow vertical descent with motor; recovery techniques with the rotor under regime within the normal engine speed.

e) Maniworks and ground runs; stationary flight; normal take-offs and landings outside the direction of the wind and on unlevel terrain; steep slopes.

(f) Unpaste and landings with the minimum power required; take-off and landing techniques in maximum performance conditions; restricted site operations; rapid stop.

Stationary flight with no ground effect; external load operations, if applicable; high altitude flight.

h) Basic flight maniworks and flight line reset from unaccustomed attitudes, by reference only to basic flight instruments.

i) Travel flight by visual reference, navigation to esteem and radio aids for navigation; procedures in case of route deviation.

j) Abnormal and emergency procedures, even simulated helicopter equipment malfunction; self-rotation approaches and landings, and

k) Operations from, to and in transit through controlled aerodromes, compliance with air traffic services procedures, procedures and radiotelefonic phraseology.

2.8.1.5.2 In order for the privileges of the license to be exercised at night, the applicant shall have received instruction in helicopters with double-command in night flight including take-offs, landings and navigation.

2.8.1.5.3 The instrument flight experience specified in 2.8.1.4.1.1, c), and 2.8.1.5.1, h), and the overnight flight experience specified in 2.8.1.4.1.1, d), and 2.8.1.5.2 do not entitle the holder of a commercial Pilot licence to helicopter to pilot helicopters on IFR flights.

2.8.1.6 Pericia: The applicant will have demonstrated his ability to execute, as Pilot in command of a helicopter, the procedures and maneuvers described in 2.8.1.5, with a degree of competence appropriate to the attributions that the Helicopter commercial pilot license confers on its holder, and:

a) Pilot the helicopter within its limitations.

b) Run all manoeuvres with softness and precision.

c) Demonstrate good judgment and fitness for flight.

d) Apply aeronautical knowledge.

e) Dominate the helicopter at all times so that there is never any serious doubt as to the execution of any procedure or maneuver.

2.8.1.7 Psychophysical Aptitude: The applicant will possess a current class 1 medical evaluation.

2.8.2 Privileges and conditions to be observed for exercising

2.8.2.1 As provided for in Article 4.5 of Royal Decree 959/1990 and subject to compliance with the requirements specified in 1.2.5, 1.2.6 and 2.1, the privileges of the commercial helicopter pilot shall be:

a) Exercise all privileges of the holder of a private helicopter pilot license.

b) Act as a Pilot in command of any helicopter dedicated to flights other than commercial air transport.

c) Act as Pilot in command in commercial activities and commercial air transport services, in any helicopter certified for operations with a single Pilot, and

d) Act as co-pilot in commercial air transport services on helicopters that require co-pilot.

2.8.2.2 Before exercising the privileges in night flight, the licence holder shall have satisfied the requirements specified in. 2.8.1.4.1.1 d) and 2.8.1.5.2.

2.9 Helicopter Air Line Transport Pilot Title and License

2.9.1 Requirements for issuing the title and license

2.9.1.1 Age: The applicant will have been twenty-one years old.

2.9.1.2 Academic requirements: The applicant shall be in possession of the COU or equivalent.

2.9.1.3 Knowledge: The applicant shall have demonstrated a level of knowledge appropriate to the privileges that the helicopter air line transport pilot title confers on its holder, at least on the subjects following:

Air Law.

(a) The relevant provisions and regulations to the helicopter air line transport pilot; the Air Regulation; the methods and procedures of air traffic services.

General knowledge of aircraft.

b) The general characteristics and limitations of electrical, hydraulic, pressurization and other systems of helicopters: flight control systems, including automatic pilot and increase of the stability.

c) The operating principles, operating procedures and operational limitations of the helicopter engine groups; transmission (reduction gear train); the influence of atmospheric conditions on the performance of the engines; the relevant operational information of the flight manual.

(d) The operational procedures and limitations of the relevant helicopters; the influence of atmospheric conditions on the performance of helicopters; the relevant operational information of the flight manual.

e) The use and verification of the operating status of the equipment of the relevant helicopter systems.

f) Flight instruments; errors of compasses when turning and accelerating; operational limits of gyroscopic instruments and precision effects; methods and procedures in case of malfunction of the various Flight instruments.

g) The procedures for the maintenance of the cells, systems and engine groups of the relevant aircraft.

Performance and flight planning.

h) The influence of the load and the distribution of the mass, including external loads, on helicopter handling characteristics and flight performance; load and balance calculation.

i) The use and practical application of the performance data of take-off, landing and other operations, including control procedures in cruise flight.

j) Operational planning prior to en route flight: the preparation and presentation of flight plans required by air traffic services; appropriate air traffic procedures; setting of altimeter.

Human performance and limitations.

k) Human performance and limitations for the helicopter carrier Pilot Air Line.

Meteorology.

(l) The interpretation and application of aeronautical meteorological reports, maps and forecasts; keys and abbreviations; procedures for obtaining meteorological information before and in flight and use; altimetry.

(m) Aeronautical Meteorology; climatology of relevant areas with respect to elements having an impact on Aviation; the displacement of pressure systems, the structure of the fronts and the origin; and characteristics of the significant weather events affecting the take-off conditions, the en route flight and the landing.

n) The causes, recognition and influence of the formation of ice in the engines, in the cell and in the rotor; how to avoid dangerous weather conditions.

Navigation.

o) Air navigation, including the use of aircraft, radio aids for navigation and area navigation systems; specific navigation requirements for long-haul flights.

p) The use, limitation and operational status of the avionics devices and instruments necessary for the control and navigation of helicopters.

q) The use, accuracy and reliability of the navigation systems used in the phases of departure, route, approach and landing; the identification of the radio aids for navigation.

r) The principles and characteristics of the autonomous navigation systems and by external references; management of the on-board equipment.

Operational Procedures.

s) The interpretation and use of aeronautical documents, such as AIP, NOTAM, aeronautical codes and abbreviations.

t) Preventive and emergency procedures; slow vertical descent with motor, ground effect, shovel recoil loss, dynamic rollover and other operational risks; safety measures relating to flight in VFR conditions.

u) The operational procedures for the transport of cargo, including external loads and dangerous goods.

v) Requirements and methods for providing safety instructions to passengers, including precautions to be observed when boarding or landing helicopters.

Flight principles.

w) Flight principles relating to helicopters.

Radiotelephony.

x) The radiotelefonic procedures and phraseology applicable to VFR flights; the measures to be taken in the event of a communication failure.

2.9.1.4 Experience.

2.9.1.4.1 The applicant shall have performed at least 1,000 hours of flight time as a helicopter pilot. The instruction received by the Pilot in a qualified, synthetic flight coach is acceptable as part of the total flight time of 1,000 hours. The credit for such experience shall be limited to a maximum of 100 hours, of which a maximum of 25 shall be acquired in a flight procedure coach or a basic instrument flight coach.

2.9.1.4.1.1 The applicant shall have performed in helicopters, at least:

a) Two hundred and fifty hours of flight time as a Pilot, or a minimum of one hundred hours, as Pilot-in-command, plus the additional flight time required as a co-pilot by performing, under the supervision of a Command Pilot, the obligations and functions of this, such that the monitoring method used is satisfactory.

(b) Two hundred hours of voyage flight, of which at least one hundred, as Pilot-in-command or as co-pilot performing, under the supervision of the Commanding Pilot, the obligations and functions of the Pilot, provided that the method of employee monitoring is successful.

c) Thirty hours of flight per instrument, of which a maximum of ten may be time in coach.

d) Fifty hours of night flight as Pilot in command or as co-pilot.

2.9.1.4.2 When the applicant has flight time as Pilot of aircraft of other categories, it will be determined on time if such experience is acceptable, and, in such case, the consequent approval of time in relation to the number of flight hours stipulated in 2.9.1.4.1.

2.9.1.5 Flight Instruction: The applicant shall have received the required instruction to issue the title and the commercial helicopter commercial pilot's license in 2.8.1.5.

2.9.1.5.1 The instrument flight experience, as provided for in 2.9.1.4.1.1 (c), and the night flight experience, as provided for in 2.9.1.4.1.1 (d), do not entitle the holder of a helicopter air line transport pilot licence to pilot helicopters on IFR flights.

2.9.1.6 Pericia.

2.9.1.6.1 The applicant shall have demonstrated his ability to perform as a pilot in command of helicopters requiring co-pilot, the following procedures and manoeuvres:

(a) The pre-flight procedures, which shall include the preparation of the operational flight plan and the presentation of the flight plan required by air traffic services.

b) Normal flight procedures and manoeuvres during all phases.

c) Abnormal and emergency procedures and maneuvers regarding equipment failures and malfunction, such as engine, systems, and cell groups, and

d) The procedures for the coordination of the crew and for the case of the training of Pilot tasks, the Cooperation of the crew members and the use of checklists.

2.9.1.6.1.1 The applicant shall have demonstrated his ability to execute the procedures and manoeuvres described in 2.9.1.6.1 with a degree of competence appropriate to the privileges that the Line Transport Pilot License Helicopter Air confers on its holder, and

a) Pilot the aircraft within its limitations.

b) Run all manoeuvres with softness and precision.

c) Demonstrate good judgment and fitness for flight.

d) Apply aeronautical knowledge.

e) Dominate the plane at all times so that there is never any doubt as to the execution of some procedure or maneuver.

f) Understand and apply the procedures for the coordination of the crew and for the case of incapacitation of any of its members, and

g) Communicate effectively with other flight crew members.

2.9.1.7 Psychophysical Aptitude: The applicant will possess a current class 1 medical evaluation.

2.9.2 Privileges and conditions to be observed for exercising

As provided for in Article 4.6 of Royal Decree 959/1990 and subject to compliance with the requirements specified in 1.2.5, 1.2.6 and 2.1, the privileges of the Helicopter Air Line Transport Pilot will be:

a) Exercise all privileges of the holder of a Private Pilot and Commercial Pilot Pilot License, and

b) Acting Pilot-in-command and co-pilot of helicopters in air transport services.

2.10 Flight Enablement by Helicopter Instrumships

2.10.1 Requirements to Issue Enablement

2.10.1.1 Knowledge: The applicant shall have demonstrated a level of knowledge appropriate to the privileges that the flight rating by helicopter instrument confers on its holder, at least on the following topics:

Air law.

(a) The relevant provisions and regulations for IFR flights; the methods and procedures of air traffic services.

General knowledge of aircraft.

(b) The use, limitations and operating conditions of the avionics equipment and of the instruments necessary for the control and navigation of helicopters on IFR flights and in flight weather conditions instruments; use and limitations of autopilot.

c) Bruges, errors in virar and acceleration, gyroscopic instruments, operational limits and precision effects, methods and procedures in case of malfunction of the various flight instruments.

Performance and flight planning.

d) Pre-flight preparations and verifications for IFR flights.

(e) Operational planning of flight, preparation and presentation of flight plans required by air traffic services for IFR flights, altimeter adjustment procedures.

Human performance and limitations.

f) Human performance and limitations for helicopter instrument flight.

Meteorology.

g) The application of aeronautical meteorology, the interpretation and use of reports, maps and forecasts, keys and abbreviations, the procedures for obtaining meteorological information and use of the same altimeria.

h) The causes, recognition and influence of the formation of ice in the engines in the cell and in the rotor, the procedures of penetration of frontal zones, the way to avoid dangerous meteorological conditions.

Navigation.

i) Practical air navigation, by means of radio aids for navigation.

j) The use, accuracy and reliability of the navigation systems used in the phases of departure, flight en route, approach and landing, the identification of the radio aids for navigation.

Operational Procedures.

(k) The interpretation and use of aeronautical documents, such as AIP, NOTAM, aeronautical codes and abbreviations, and letters of flight procedures by means of departure, route flight, descent and approximation.

(l) Preventive and emergency procedures, security measures relating to IFR flights.

Radiotelephony.

m) The radiotelefonic procedures and phraseology applicable to aircraft on IFR flights, the measures to be taken in the event of failure of communications.

2.10.1.2 Experience.

2.10.1.2.1 The applicant shall be holder of a Title and License of Private Pilot, Commercial or Air Line Transportation of Helicopter.

2.10.1.2.2 Requester will have performed at least:

(a) Fifty hours of flight time as a pilot in flight on an aircraft of accepted categories, of which at least ten hours by helicopter, and

(b) Forty-hours of flight by helicopter or aircraft: A maximum of 20 hours may be made in a flight procedure coach or a basic instrument flight coach, or thirty hours in a simulator flight. The hours in the synthetic flight coach shall be carried out under the supervision of an authorised instructor.

2.10.1.3 Flight instruction: The applicant shall have acquired, from the instrument flight time required in 2.10.1.2.2 b), a minimum of ten hours of instrument flight instruction in double-command helicopters received of an authorized instructor. The instructor shall ensure that the operational experience of the applicant has reached the level of action required of the holder of an instrument flight rating, at least in the following:

(a) The pre-flight procedures, including the use of the flight manual, or an equivalent document and the relevant documents of the air traffic services, for the preparation of a flight plan IFR.

(b) Pre-flight inspection, use of checklists, taxiing and pre-take-off verifications.

(c) Procedures and manoeuvres for IFR flights under normal, abnormal and emergency conditions comprising at least:

The transition to flight by instruments on takeoff.

Normalized outputs and arrivals by instruments.

IFR procedures en route.

Wait procedures.

Instrument approaches up to the specified minimums.

Missed approach procedures.

Landings from approximations by instruments.

d) Maniworks in flight and peculiar flight characteristics, and

e) If applicable, handling of a multi-engine helicopter guided exclusively by instruments and with an idle or simulated idle motor.

2.10.1.4 Pericia: The applicant shall have demonstrated its ability to perform the procedures and manoeuvres described in 2.10.1.3 with a degree of competence appropriate to the privileges of the flight rating by Instrument-helicopter confers on its holder, and

a) Pilot the helicopter within its limitations.

b) Run all manoeuvres with softness and precision.

c) Demonstrate good judgment and fitness for flight.

d) Apply aeronautical knowledge, and

e) Dominate the helicopter at all times so that there is never any serious doubt as to the execution of any procedure or maneuver.

2.10.1.5 Psychophysical Aptitude.

2.10.1.5.1 Applicants who are holders of the Private Pilot License will have satisfied the hearing acuity requirements in accordance with those corresponding to the class 1 medical evaluation.

2.10.2 Privileges and conditions to be observed for exercising

Subject to compliance with the requirements specified in 1.2.5, 1.2.6 and 2.1, the privileges of the holder of an instrument-helicopter flight rating shall be to pilot helicopters on IFR flights.

2.11 Flight Instructor Enabled for Aircraft and Helicopters

2.11.1 Requirements to Issue Enablement

2.11.1.1 Knowledge: The applicant shall have satisfied the knowledge requirements for the issue of a Commercial Pilot Title specified in 2.4.1.3 or 2.8.1.3, as appropriate and shall also have demonstrated, a level of knowledge appropriate to the privileges that the flight instructor rating confers on its holder, at least on the following topics:

a) Practical instruction techniques.

b) Assessment of the progress of students in subjects for which theoretical instruction is given.

c) The learning process.

d) Elements of effective teaching.

e) Notes and exams, pedagogical principles.

f) Preparing the instruction program.

g) Preparing the lessons.

h) Methods of classroom instruction.

i) Using pedagogical aids.

j) Analysis and correction of students ' errors.

k) Human performance and limitations regarding flight instruction, and

l) Hazards that represent the simulated failure and malfunction on the aircraft.

2.11.1.2 Experience: The applicant will have satisfied the following requirements:

2.11.1.2.1 The experience prescribed in the requirements for the Commercial Pilot License specified in 2.4.1.4 or 2.8.1.4, as appropriate.

2.11.1.2.2 There shall be a minimum of two hundred hours as Pilot to the controls of an aircraft of the class and/or category of aircraft and in the flight conditions in which it is to be instructed.

2.11.1.3 Flight instruction: The applicant, under the supervision of a flight instructor recognised for that purpose by the aeronautical authority:

(a) There shall be training in flight instruction techniques, including demonstrations, practice of students, recognition and correction of the current errors incurred by them; and

(b) The instruction techniques for manoeuvres and flight procedures that are the subject of flight instruction shall be practiced.

2.11.1.4 Pericia: The applicant will have demonstrated, with respect to the category of aircraft and flight conditions for which he wishes to obtain the privileges of flight instructor, his ability to teach those aspects in the you need to provide in-flight instruction, as well as the appropriate theoretical instruction.

2.11.2 Enablement of the Enablement Holder and Conditions to be observed to be exercised

Without prejudice to compliance with the provisions specified in 1.2.5, 1.2.6 and 2.1, the privileges of the holder of the flight instructor rating shall be:

a) Oversee flights that pilot students perform on their own, and

b) Imparting flight instruction for the procurement of the Private Pilot and Commercial Pilot Title, instrument flight enablement, and flight instructor enablement.

Whenever the flight instructor:

1. Be, at least holder of the Title and the License and Enablement for which the instruction is imparted, in the appropriate category of aircraft.

2. Be the holder of the License and the enablement necessary to act as Pilot in command of the aircraft in which you are imparting the instruction.

3. That the privileges of the flight instructor granted are duly noted.

4. Comply with the specific conditions set by the aeronautical authority.

2.12 Planning pilot license and title

2.12.1 Requirements for issuing the license

2.12.1.1 Age: The applicant will have been sixteen years old.

2.12.1.2 Knowledge: The applicant shall have demonstrated a level of knowledge appropriate to the privileges that the Pilot Pilot Title confers to its holder, at least, in the following topics:

Air law.

(a) The provisions and regulations applicable to a glider Pilot, the air regulation; the methods and procedures of air traffic services.

General aircraft knowledge.

(a) The provisions and regulations applicable to a glider Pilot, the air regulation; the methods and procedures of air traffic services.

General knowledge of aircraft.

(b) The principles relating to the use of gliders, their systems and instruments.

c) The operational limitations of the gliders; the relevant operational information of the flight manual or other appropriate document.

"Performance" and flight planning.

d) The influence of the load and the distribution of the mass on the flight characteristics, load and balance calculations.

e) The use and practical application of performance data for launch, landing and other operations.

f) Pre-flight and en route planning for VFR flights: the appropriate procedures for air traffic services; altimeter adjustment procedures; operations in high-density areas of air traffic transit.

Human performance and limitations.

g) Human performance and limitations for the glider Pilot.

Meteorology.

h) The application of elementary air meteorology; the procedures for obtaining meteorological information and the use thereof; altimetry.

Navigation.

i) The practical aspects of air navigation and navigation techniques; the use of aeronautical cards.

Operational Procedures.

j) The use of aeronautical documents such as AIP, NOTAM, aeronautical codes and abbreviations.

k) The various methods for launch and related procedures.

l) Appropriate preventive and emergency procedures, including measures to be taken to avoid areas of dangerous weather, turbulent wake and other operational risks.

Flight principles.

m) The flight principles for gliders.

2.12.1.2.1 The applicant shall demonstrate a level of knowledge appropriate to the privileges that the Pilot Pilot's license confers on its holder in respect of radiotelefonic procedures and phraseology for VFR flights and for measures to be taken in the event of failure of communications.

2.12.1.3 Experience.

2.12.1.3.1 The applicant shall have conducted at least six hours of flight time as a glider pilot which shall include only two hours of flight and during which time no less than 20 launches and landings have been carried out.

2.12.1.3.1.1 When the applicant has flight time as Pilot of aeroplanes, it will be determined in time if this experience is acceptable and, in this case, the consequent decrease in the flight time stipulated in 2.12.1.3.1.

2.12.1.3.2 The applicant shall have acquired, under appropriate supervision, operational experience in gliders, at least in the following ways:

(a) Pre-flight operations, including assembly and inspection of the glider.

(b) The techniques and procedures relating to the method of launch used, which shall include the appropriate limitations of aerodynamic speed, emergency procedures and signals used.

c) Traffic in traffic, precautions and procedures in the field of collisions.

d) The control of the glider by external visual reference.

e) The flight in the entire flight envelope.

f) Recognition and recovery in situations of proximity to loss and loss as well as spiral bites.

g) Launch, approximations, and normal landings with side wind.

h) Journey flights by visual reference and in esteem.

i) Emergency procedures.

2.12.1.4 Pericia: The applicant will have demonstrated his ability to execute, as Pilot in command of a glider, the procedures and manoeuvres described in 2.12.1.3.2, with a degree of competence appropriate to the privileges that Pilot Pilot's license confers on its holder, and

a) Pilot the glider within its employment constraints.

b) Run all manoeuvres with softness and precision.

c) Demonstrate good judgment and fitness for flight.

d) Apply aeronautical knowledge; and

e) Dominate the glider at all times so that there is never any serious doubt as to the execution of any procedure or maneuver.

2.12.1.5 Psychophysical Aptitude: The applicant will possess a current Class 2 medical evaluation.

2.12.1 Privileges and conditions to be observed for exercising

2.12.2.1 According to the provisions of Article 4.7 of Royal Decree 959/1990 and subject to compliance with the requirements of 1.2.5, 1.2.6 and 2.1, the privileges of the glider Pilot will be to act as Pilot in command. of any glider, subject to the operator having operational experience in the method of launch used.

2.13 Free balloon pilot title and license

2.13.1 Requirements for issuing the title and license

2.13.1.1 Age: The applicant will have been sixteen years old.

2.13.1.2 Knowledge: The applicant will have demonstrated a level of knowledge appropriate to the free balloon Pilot privileges, at least in the following topics:

Air law.

(a) The provisions and regulations relating to the free balloon pilot, air regulation, methods and procedures of air traffic services.

General knowledge of aircraft.

(b) The principles relating to the operation of free balloons, their systems and instruments.

c) The operational limitations of the free balloons; the relevant operational information of the flight manual or other appropriate document.

d) The physical properties and practical applications of gases used in free balloons.

Performance and flight planning.

e) The influence of the load on the flight characteristics: mass calculations.

f) The use and practical application of the performance data for launch, landing and other operations, including the influence of temperature.

g) Pre-flight and en route planning for VFR flights; appropriate air traffic procedures; altimeter adjustment procedures; operations in areas of high traffic density.

Human performance and limitations.

h) Take action and limitations for the free balloon Pilot.

Meteorology.

i) The application of the elementary aeronautical meteorology; the procedures for obtaining meteorological information and use of the same: altimetry.

Navigation.

j) The practical aspects of air navigation and navigation techniques to be considered: the use of aeronautical cards.

Operational Procedures.

k) The use of aeronautical documents such as AIP, NOTAM, aeronautical codes and abbreviations.

l) Appropriate preventive and emergency procedures, including measures to be taken to avoid areas of dangerous weather, turbulent wake and other operational risks.

Flight principles.

m) The principles of flight relating to free balloons.

2.13.1.2.1 The applicant shall demonstrate a level of knowledge appropriate to the privileges held by the free balloon pilot's licence and the measures it confers on the holder, as regards the procedures and radiotelefonic phraseology for VFR flights and for measures to be taken in the event of failure of communications.

2.13.1.3 Experience.

2.13.1.3.1 The applicant shall have performed at least sixteen hours of flight time as a free balloon pilot to include at least eight launches and ascents of which one must be in flight only.

2.13.1.3.2 The applicant shall have acquired, under appropriate supervision operational experience in free balloons, at least in the following aspects:

a) Pre-flight operations, including assembly, rigging, inflation, mooring and inspection.

(b) Pre-launch and promotion techniques and procedures, including the applicable limitations, emergency procedures and signals used.

c) Precautions for collision prevention.

d) Free balloon control by external visual reference.

e) Recognition and recovery of fast decreases.

f) Travel flight by visual reference and in esteem.

g) Proximations and landings, including ground handling.

h) Emergency procedures.

2.13.1.3.3 In order for the privileges to be exercised at night, the applicant shall have operational experience in night flight.

2.13.1.4 Pericia: The applicant will have demonstrated his aptitude to execute as Pilot in command of a free balloon the procedures and maneuvers described in 2.13.1.3.2, with a degree of competence appropriate to the privileges of Free balloon pilot, and

a) Handle the free globe within its limitations.

b) Run all manoeuvres with softness and precision.

c) Demonstrate good judgment and fitness for flight.

d) Apply aeronautical knowledge; and

e) To dominate the free globe at all times, so that there are never any serious doubts about the execution of any procedure or maneuver.

2.13.1.5 Psychophysical Aptitude: The applicant will possess a current class 2 medical evaluation.

2.13.2 Privileges and conditions to be observed for exercising

2.13.2.1 According to the provisions of article 4.8 of Royal Decree 959/1990, and subject to compliance with the requirements specified in 1.2.5, 1.2.6 and 2.1, the privileges of the free balloon Pilot will be to act as Pilot. at the command of any free balloon provided that it has operational experience with free balloons, either hot air or gas, as appropriate.

2.13.2.2 Before exercising the privileges in night flight, the holder of the License shall have satisfied the requirements specified in 2.13.1 3.3.

2.13.3 Specific Entitlements

2.13.3.1 To act as Pilot of a blimp, a specific authorization of the Aeronautical Authority must be provided, which will be obtained once a training course on airships is completed.

2.13.3.2 to be able to act as a free balloon pilot in commercial air transport must be in possession of a specific authorisation issued by the Aeronautical Authority.

CHAPTER III

Titles and licenses for flight crew members, other than pilots

3.1 General Rules

3.1.1 Before the applicant is issued with a title of a Navigant or a Mechanic on board, the applicant shall comply with the relevant age, academic, knowledge, experience, flight instruction, expertise and Psycho-physical fitness stipulated for such titles.

3.1.2 Student Card

3.1.2.1 Circumstances in which student card is required.

3.1.2.1.1 Every student who does not have a licence in force, to carry out flights on the occasion of his instruction, must have a card issued for that purpose by the aeronautical authority.

3.1.2.2 Requirements for the issue of a pupil card.

3.1.2.2.1 Students, for obtaining the corresponding card, must demonstrate compliance with the following requirements:

(a) Be enrolled in an aeronautical training centre authorised to provide the relevant instruction.

b) Post a medical evaluation of the class corresponding to the title and license you wish to obtain.

3.1.2.2.2 Students will conduct flight instruction, under the supervision of an authorized instructor, who will determine the content of such practices and check their development.

3.2 Navigant Title and License

3.2.1 Requirements for issuing the title and license

3.2.1.1 Age: The applicant will have been eighteen years of age.

3.2.1.2 Academic requirements: The applicant shall be in possession of the COU or equivalent.

3.2.1.3 Knowledge: The applicant will have demonstrated a level of knowledge appropriate to the privileges that the title of Navigant confers, at least, in the following topics:

Air law.

(a) The provisions and regulations pertaining to the Navigant, the appropriate methods and procedures of air traffic services.

"Performance" and flight planning.

b) The influence of the load and the distribution of the mass on the "performance" of the aircraft.

(c) The use of the "performance" data for take-off, landing and other operations, which shall include control procedures in flight from cruise.

d) Pre-flight and en route operational planning, the preparation and presentation of flight plans required by air traffic services; the appropriate procedures for air traffic services; Altimeter adjustment procedures.

Human performance and limitations.

e) Human performance and limitations for the Navigator.

Meteorology.

(f) The interpretation and application of the aeronautical meteorological reports, maps and forecasts; keys and abbreviations; the procedures for obtaining meteorological information, before the flight and in flight and use thereof; altimetry.

g) Aeronautical Meteorology; climatology of relevant areas with respect to the elements that have an impact on aviation: the displacement of pressure systems, the structure of the fronts and the origin; and characteristics of the significant weather events affecting the take-off conditions, the en route flight and the landing.

(h) The procedures for navigation to be considered, the isobaric and the astronomical; the use of aeronautical letters, radioaids for air navigation and air navigation systems; the specific navigation requirements for the long-haul flights.

i) The use, limitation and operational status of the avionics devices and the instruments necessary for the navigation of the aircraft.

j) The use, accuracy and reliability of navigation systems used in the phases of departure, route and approach flight; identification of radio aids for navigation.

k) The principles, characteristics and use of the autonomous navigation systems and by external references; management of the on-board equipment.

l) The celestial sphere, including the movement of the celestial bodies, as well as the selection and identification thereof for observation and for the transformation of observations into usable data; calibration of sextant; way to complete the navigation documents.

m) The definitions, units and formulas used in air navigation.

Operational Procedures.

n) The interpretation and use of aeronautical documents such as AIP, NOTAM, aeronautical codes and abbreviations, and letters of flight procedures by means of departure, route flight, descent and approximation.

Flight principles.

o) The principles of flight.

Radiotelephony.

p) The radiotelefonic procedures and phraseology; the measures to be taken in the event of communications failure.

3.2.1.4 Experience.

3.2.1.4.1 The applicant shall have conducted at least two hundred hours of flight, performing the functions of navigation on aircraft engaged in cross-country flights, which shall include a minimum of thirty hours of night flight.

3.2.1.4.1.1 Where the applicant has experience as a Pilot, it shall be determined whether such experience is acceptable and, in such a case, the subsequent approval of time in relation to the provisions of 3.2.1.4.1.

3.2.1.4.2 The applicant shall provide evidence that the position of the aircraft has been satisfactorily determined in flight and that such information has been used for the navigation of the aircraft:

a) At night-not less than 25 times by astronomical observations-, and

b) By day-not less than 25 times by astronomical observations in combination with the autonomous navigation systems or by external references.

3.2.1.5 Pericia: The applicant will have demonstrated his ability to act as a navigator with a degree of competence appropriate to the privileges that the title of the Navigator confers on its holder, and

a) Demonstrate good judgment and fitness for flight.

b) Apply aeronautical knowledge.

c) Meet your obligations as an integral part of the crew, and

d) Communicate effectively with other flight crew members.

3.2.1.6 Psycho-physical Aptitude: Applicant will possess a current class 1 medical evaluation.

3.2.2 Privileges and conditions to be observed for exercising

According to Article 4.9 of Royal Decree 959/1990, and subject to compliance with the requirements of 1.2.5 and 1.2.6, the privileges of the navigator will be to act as a navigator on any aircraft.

3.3 On-board mechanic's license and title

3.3.1 Requirements for issuing the title and license

3.3.1.1 Age: The applicant will have been eighteen years of age.

3.3.1.2 Academic requirements: The applicant shall be in possession of the COU or equivalent.

3.3.1.3 Knowledge: The applicant shall have demonstrated a level of knowledge appropriate to the privileges of at least the on-board Mechanics in the following topics:

Air law.

(a) The relevant provisions and regulations to the holder of the on-board Mechanics licence; the air rules; the provisions and regulations governing the operations of civil aircraft; the procedures of the air traffic services.

General knowledge of aircraft.

(b) The principles relating to motor groups, gas turbines and/or piston engines; the characteristics of fuels, fuel systems including their use; lubricants and lubrication systems: afterburners and injection systems; function and operation of the ignition and the starting systems of the engines.

(c) The principles relating to the operation, handling procedures and operational limitations of the aircraft engine groups; the influence of atmospheric conditions on the performance of the engines.

d) Cells, flight controls, structures, wheels, brakes and anti-slip systems, corrosion and fatigue, damage identification and structural defects.

e) Anti-gelling and rain protection systems.

f) pressurization and air conditioning systems, oxygen systems.

g) Hydraulic and pneumatic systems.

h) Electricity theory, electrical systems, continuous and alternating currents, electrical installation of the aircraft, splices and apantallation.

i) The principles of operation of the instruments, compasses, autopilot, radio communications equipment, radio aids for navigation and radar, flight management systems, screens and avionics.

j) The limitations of the corresponding aircraft.

k) Protection, detection, suppression and fire suppression systems.

l) The use and service checks of the equipment and the systems of the aircraft concerned.

"Performance" and flight planning.

m) The influence of the load and the distribution of the mass on the aircraft handling, the characteristics and the "performance" of the flight; load and balance calculations.

n) The use and practical application of the "performance" data of take-off, landing and other applicable operations; cruise flight control procedures; prior and en route operational planning.

Human performance and limitations.

o) Human performance and limitations for on-board Mechanics.

Operational Procedures.

p) The principles of maintenance, procedures for the maintenance of airworthiness, notification of breakdowns, pre-flight inspections, precautionary procedures for the supply of fuel and use of external sources of energy; equipment installed and aircraft systems.

q) Normal, abnormal, and emergency procedures;

r) The operational procedures for the transport of cargo in general and dangerous goods.

Flight principles.

s) Flight principles relating to aeroplanes; aerodynamics; effects of compressibility; limits of manoeuvres; effects of supplementary support devices; resistance to advancement; relationship between the Support and resistance to advancement at different speeds and in different configurations.

Radiotelephony.

t) Radio-telephone procedures and phraseology, procedures in case of failure of communications.

Navigation.

(u) Air navigation; use of aeronautical letters, radio aids for navigation and air navigation systems; principles and operation of autonomous systems; use, limitation and status of air navigation operation of the avionics devices and instruments necessary for the navigation of aircraft; management of the on-board equipment.

Meteorology.

v) The interpretation and application of the aeronautical meteorological reports, maps and forecasts; keys and abbreviations; the procedures for obtaining meteorological information before and in flight and use thereof: altimetry.

x) Aeronautical Meteorology; climatology of relevant areas with respect to elements having an impact on aviation; the displacement of pressure systems, the structure of the fronts and the origin; and characteristics of the significant weather events affecting the take-off conditions, the en route flight and the landing.

and) The causes, recognition and influence of the formation of ice in the engines and in the cell; how to avoid dangerous weather conditions.

z) Practical weather at high altitudes, including the interpretation and use of weather reports, maps and forecasts; jet streams.

3.3.1.4 Experience.

3.3.1.4.1 The applicant shall have performed at least one hundred hours of flight carrying out the functions of on-board Mechanics, under the supervision of an authorised instructor. The instruction received by the onboard Mechanics in a recognised, flight-based synthetic trainer is acceptable as part of the total flight time of a hundred hours. The credit for such experience shall be limited to a maximum of 50 hours.

3.3.1.4.1.1 Where the applicant has experience as a Pilot, it shall be determined whether such experience is acceptable and, in such a case, the subsequent approval of time in relation to the provisions of 3.3.1.4.1.

3.3.1.4.2 The applicant shall have operational experience in the performance of the on-board Mechanics functions acquired under the supervision of an on-board Mechanics authorised for that purpose by the Aeronautical Authority at least in the the following aspects:

a) Normal procedures:

Verifications to ensure in-flight and in-flight fitness for the flight of the aircraft, in particular the maintenance actions carried out.

Pre-flight inspections.

Supply and fuel economy procedures. Inspection of maintenance documents.

Normal procedures in the cockpit during all phases of flight.

Coordination of the crew and procedures in case of incapacitation of any of its members.

The verification and/or realization of the accurate calculations for the flight and log record.

Notification of faults and reports of the technical status of the aircraft.

b) Abnormal and alternative procedures:

Abnormal operation recognition of aircraft systems.

Application of abnormal and alternate procedures.

c) Emergency procedures:

Recognition of emergency conditions.

Using appropriate emergency procedures.

3.3.1.5 Pericia: The applicant shall have demonstrated his ability, as a Mechanic on board an aircraft, to perform the duties and carry out the procedures described in 3.3.1.3.2 with an appropriate degree of competence to the privileges of the holder, and

a) Use aircraft systems within their capabilities and limitations.

b) Demonstrate good judgment and fitness for flight.

c) Apply aeronautical knowledge.

d) Perform all duties as an integral part of the crew without serious doubts about the outcome; and

e) Communicate effectively with other flight crew members.

3.3.1.5.1 The use of a synthetic flight trainer for the performance of the manoeuvres required during the demonstration of the skill, described in 3.3.1.4, shall be approved by the Licensing Authority.

3.3.1.6 Psychophysical Aptitude: The applicant will have a current class 1 medical evaluation.

3.3.2 Enabling type.

3.3.2.1 The type enablement to be logged in the license is set.

3.3.2.2 Enablement shall be required for each type of aircraft certified to fly with a minimum crew including on board Mechanics.

3.3.2.3 The holder of a title and license of an on-board Mechanics shall not be permitted to act on an aircraft without the corresponding type rating being noted.

3.3.2.4 Requirements for issuing type enablement: To obtain the type enablement the requester:

(a) It shall have acquired, under due supervision, experience in the type of aircraft concerned, as regards:

Normal flight procedures and maneuvers during all phases.

Abnormal and emergency procedures and maneuvers related to equipment failure and malfunction, such as the engine group, cell, and other aircraft systems.

The procedures related to the intraining and coordination of the crew even the assignment of tasks; the cooperation of the crew and the use of checklists.

(b) The expertise and knowledge required for the safe use of the aircraft type concerned shall have been demonstrated for the purposes of the on-board Navigation or Mechanics, as the case may be.

3.3.2.4.1 All this will accredit you through the successive realization of:

(a) Overcoming a recognised course including the elements of 3.1.3.1, (a), in which approved simulators may be used for this purpose.

b) Online training in accordance with the restrictions established under the results of the demonstration of expertise.

3.3.3 Attributions and conditions to be observed for exercising

3.3.3.1 According to the provisions of Article 4.10 of Royal Decree 959/1990 and subject to compliance with the requirements specified in 1.2.5 and 1.2.6 the privileges of the on-board Mechanics shall be those of acting as such in the types of aircraft that you are enabling to.

CHAPTER IV

Medical provisions applicable to the granting of titles and licenses

4.1 Media-generality assessment

4.1.1 Medical assessment classes

Two classes of medical evaluation are established, namely:

a) Class 1 medical assessment, applicable to applicants and holders of:

Title and license of Pilot aircraft and helicopter.

Air-plane and helicopter line transport pilot title and license.

Navigant license and title.

On-board Mechanical Title and License.

b) Class 2 medical assessment, applicable to applicants and holders of:

Private Pilot Title and License-Aircraft and Helicopter.

Planer Pilot License and Title.

Free Globe Pilot Title and License.

4.1.2 The applicant for a medical evaluation will provide the examiner with an affidavit of the medical data concerning his personal, family and hereditary history. The applicant shall be informed that it is necessary to present a statement as complete and accurate as its knowledge of these details allow, and any false statement shall be treated in accordance with the provisions of 1.2.4.5.1.

4.1.3 The examiner shall inform the Aeronautical Authority of any case in which, in his opinion, the failure to comply with any requirement, whether numerical or not, by an applicant, is such that he does not consider that the exercise of the the privileges of the licence he requests or already has a commitment to flight safety (1.2.4.7).

4.1.4 The requirements to be met for the renewal of the medical evaluation are the same as for the initial assessment, except where explicitly stated otherwise.

4.2 Requirements for medical evaluation

4.2.1 Generalities.

The applicant for a medical assessment issued in accordance with what is indicated in 1.2.4.1 will undergo a medical examination based on the following requirements:

a) Psychophysicists.

b) Visuals and relative to color perception, and

c) Auditives.

4.2.2 Psychophysical Requirements

Any applicant for any medical assessment class shall be required to be exempt from:

a) Any congenital or acquired deformity.

b) Any active or latent, acute or chronic disability.

c) Any injury or injury, or sequel to any surgical intervention, that may cause any functional impairment that may interfere with the safe operation of an aircraft or the good performance of its aircraft. functions.

4.2.3 Visual Requirements

For visual acuity testing, the following precautions must be taken:

(a) For visual acuity tests carried out in a lit room, a lighting level of approximately 50 lx must be taken, which normally corresponds to a brightness of 30 cd per square metre. The light level of the room must be approximately one-fifth of the level of illumination of the test.

(b) For visual acuity tests carried out in a darkened or semi-darkened room, a lighting level of approximately 15 lx shall be adopted, which normally corresponds to a brightness of 10 cd per square metre.

(c) Visual acuity shall be measured by means of a series of Landolt prototypes, or of a similar type, placed at a distance of 6 metres from the applicant, or 5 metres, as appropriate to the test method adopted.

4.2.4 Requirements applicable to color perception

4.2.4.1 The applicant shall be required to demonstrate that he can easily distinguish colours the perception of which is necessary to safely perform his/her duties.

4.2.4.2 The applicant shall be examined for its ability to correctly identify a series of pseudoisochromatic sheets (tables) with daylight or artificial light of equal colour temperature as provided by the applicant. illuminating "C" or "D" specified by the International Lighting Commission.

4.2.4.2.1 The applicant who obtains a satisfactory result in accordance with the prescribed conditions shall be declared fit. However, the applicant may be declared eligible for not having obtained a satisfactory result in such a test, provided that he can easily and correctly identify the lights used in aviation, shown by means of a model of Accepted lantern for color perception.

4.2.5 Hearing requirements

Hearing requirements are established, in addition to the ear acknowledgments made during the medical examination for psycho-physical requirements.

4.4.5.1 The applicant will be required to have no hearing impairment impairment that would compromise the good performance of his/her duties while exercising the privileges conferred upon him by the license.

Notes:

1. The zero reference for the calibration of the pure-tone audiometers used to apply 4.3.4.1 and 4.5.4.1 is that of Recommendation R389, 1964, of the International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO).

2. The composition of the background noise frequency referred to in 4.3.4.1, a), and 4.5.4.1, a) has been defined only to the extent that the range of frequencies from 600 to 4 800 Hz is properly represented.

3. In the choice of what is spoken, only aeronautical texts for the above mentioned tests should not be used.

4. For the purposes of verifying the hearing requirements, the silent room is the one in which the intensity of the background noise does not reach 50 dB, measured in the "slow" response of a sound-level meter with weight "A".

5. For the purposes of the hearing requirements, the average sound level of the voice in the normal conversation at the point of emission is in the range of 85 to 95 dB.

4.3 Class 1 Medical Assessment

4.3.1.1 Every applicant for a title or license of Pilot, commercial-plane or helicopter, of a title or license of Pilot of transport of air-plane or helicopter lines, of a title or license of Mechanics of on board and of a On board, the title or licence of the person on board shall be subject to initial medical examination to obtain the medical evaluation of class 1.

4.3.1.2 Except where otherwise indicated in this section, the class 1 medical assessment of the holder of a Pilot's license, commercial-aircraft or helicopter, of carrier-plane carrier Pilot or helicopter, of On board or navigator mechanic, it shall be renewed at intervals not exceeding those specified in 1.2.5.2.

4.3.1.3 When the licensing authority has satisfied itself that the requirements set out in this section and the general provisions of 4.2 are met, the medical evaluation of class 1 shall be issued to the applicant.

4.3.2 Psychophysical Requirements

Medical recognition will be based on the following requirements.

4.3.2.1 The applicant shall not suffer from any disease or disability which may prevent him from suddenly operating safely an aircraft and safely perform his duties.

4.3.2.2 The applicant will have no proven clinical history or clinical diagnosis of:

a) Psychosis.

b) Alcoholism.

c) Drug dependency.

d) Disorders of the personality, in particular when they are serious enough to have repeatedly manifested themselves for their exaggerated behavior.

(e) a significant degree of mental failure or neurosis, which may prevent him from safely exercising the privileges corresponding to the licence he or she already applies, unless the accredited medical opinion indicates that, special circumstances, the lack of compliance with the requirement in question, by the applicant, is such that the exercise of the privileges of the title requesting does not affect flight safety.

4.3.2.3 The applicant will have no proven clinical history or clinical diagnosis of:

(a) Progressive disease of the nervous system, the effect of which, according to accredited medical advice, may interfere with the exercise of the privileges corresponding to the title and licences and ratings.

b) Epilepsy.

c) Any other recurring knowledge disorder, with no satisfactory medical explanation of their cause.

4.3.2.4 Cases of cranioencephalic trauma, the effects of which, according to an accredited medical opinion, may affect the exercise of the privileges corresponding to the title, licence and enabling the applicant.

4.3.2.5 The applicant shall not present any anomaly of the heart, congenital or acquired, which may interfere with the exercise of the privileges corresponding to the title, license and ratings requested. A history of proven myocardial infarction will be a reason for disqualification.

4.3.2.5.1 Some abnormalities that are commonly presented, such as respiratory arrhythmia, isolated extrasystoles that disappear with exercise, tachycardia due to agitation or exercise or bradycardia that do not go accompanied by auriculoventricular association, may be considered to be within the normal limit.

4.3.2.5.2 Electrocardiography will be part of the recognition of the heart when a licence is first granted, and will be included in the successive examinations of applicants whose age is between 30 and forty years, at least every two years, and from the latter age each year.

4.3.2.6 Arterial, systolic and diastolic pressures shall be within the normal limits.

4.3.2.6.1 The use of medicinal products intended to control hypertension, such as those whose use, according to accredited medical advice, is compatible with the exercise of the privileges corresponding to the title, licence and enabling the applicant, is a reason for disqualification.

4.3.2.7 The circulatory system will not present any major functional or structural abnormalities.

4.3.2.8 There will be no acute lung condition or any active disease in the structure of the lungs, mediastine or pleura. The X-ray will be part of the medical examination in all doubtful clinical cases.

4.3.2.8.1 The first chest medical examination should include a radiographic examination and similar periodic examinations should be carried out later, according to the health regulations.

4.3.2.9 All extensive mutilation of the chest wall with the collapse of the rib cage, and the sequelae of surgical interventions that cause respiratory deficiency at altitude, will be cause to be considered unfit for applicant.

4.3.2.10 Cases of pulmonary emphysema should be considered as a cause of disability if the condition presents symptoms.

4.3.2.11 Cases of active pulmonary tuberculosis, duly diagnosed, will be considered as a cause of disability. Cases of inactive or healed lesions, which are known to be tuberculous or presumed to have tuberculous origin, may be considered admissible.

4.3.2.12 Cases of disease causing incapacity involving serious functional deficiencies of the gastro-intestinal duct or its annexes shall be considered as a cause of unfitness.

4.3.2.13 The applicant will be required to be completely free of hernias that may cause symptoms of incapacitation.

4.3.2.14 Any disease or surgical intervention in any part of the digestive tract or its attachments, which may cause incapacity during the flight, especially tightness or compression obstructions, considers it as a cause of incapacity.

4.3.2.15 Cases of disorders of metabolism, nutrition or endocrine disorders which may affect the exercise of the privileges corresponding to the applicant's licence or rating are considered as a cause of incapacity .

4.3.2.16 The proven cases of saccharin diabetes that are satisfactorily controlled without the need to administer any medically anti-unethical may be considered as suitable.

4.3.2.17 Cases of persistent, severe or moderate spleen hypertrophy below the cost margin will be considered as a cause of disability.

4.3.2.18 The cases of significant localised or widespread hypertrophy of the lymph glands and blood diseases will be considered as a cause of incapacity, except in cases where the medical advice is accredited, indicate that the condition is not likely to affect the exercise of the privileges corresponding to the applicant's licence and rating.

4.3.2.19 Cases with any signs of organ disease of the kidneys will be considered as a cause of incapacity, due to passing circumstances will not contain any abnormal elements, which, in the opinion of the Medical examiner, be pathologically important. The conditions of the urinary tract and the genital organs will be considered as a cause of incapacity; those caused by transient causes may be considered as a cause of temporary incapacity.

4.3.2.20 Any sequin of disease or surgical interventions in the kidneys and in the urinary tract that may cause incapacity, especially the obstructions due to tightness or compression, will be eliminated. It may be considered that it is not elimination of compensated nephrectomy without hypertension or uremia.

4.3.2.21 The person who first applies for a title and license and whose clinical history indicates that he has been affected by syphilis, will be required to provide evidence to convince the Medical Examiner that he has appropriate treatment.

4.3.2.22 Applicants who have a history of severe menstrual disorders, who have been shown to be incorrigible by treatment and who are likely to prevent them from exercising the corresponding privileges in title and enable, they will be considered as incapacitated.

4.3.2.23 Pregnancy will be a reason for temporary incapacity.

4.3.2.23.1 If no major anomaly is present, the accredited medical advice may declare capacity during the intervening months of pregnancy.

4.3.2.24 After childbirth or termination of pregnancy, the applicant shall not be allowed to exercise privileges corresponding to its title, until such time as it has not been recognised and is deemed to be fit.

4.3.2.25 Any active condition of the bones, joints, muscles or tendons, and all serious functional sequelae of congenital or acquired diseases, will be considered as a cause of incapacity. The functional consequences of injury to the bones, joints, muscles or tendons, and certain anatomical defects, which are compatible with the exercise of the privileges corresponding to the title and the enabling the applicant.

4.3.2.26 There will be no:

a) Active, acute or chronic pathological process, neither in the inner ear nor in the middle ear.

b) Unhealed (open) perforation of the eardrum membranes. A simple and dry drilling does not necessarily imply that it is to be regarded as unfit for the applicant. In such circumstances, licences shall not be awarded or renewed unless the hearing requirements stipulated in 4.3.4 are met.

c) Permanent obstruction in the Eustachian tubes.

d) Permanent disorders in the vetibular devices. Transient conditions can be considered as temporary incapacity.

4.3.2.27 Both nasal passages will allow for the free passage of air. There shall be no serious deformity, no acute or chronic condition of the oral cavity or upper respiratory ducts. Language and stuttering defects will be considered as deletions.

4.3.3 Visual Requirements

Medical recognition will be based on the following requirements.

4.3.3.1 The operation of the eyes and the attachments will be normal. There shall be no pathological, acute or chronic condition of any of the two eyes or annexes, which may impede its correct function to the extent that it prevents the exercise of the privileges corresponding to the title, licence and entitlement of the applicant.

4.3.3.2 Requester will be required to have normal visual fields.

4.3.3.3 The applicant shall be required to have a distant visual acuity of at least 6/9 (20/30, 0, 7) in each eye separately, with or without corrective lenses. Where this visual acuity rule is obtained only by the use of corrective lenses, the applicant may be considered as fit on condition that:

a) Poses a visual acuity without correction of at least 6/60 (20/200, 0, 1) in each eye separately or the refractive defect is within ± 3 dioptrias (equivalent spherical error).

b) Use the corrective lenses while exercising the privileges inherent in the title or enablement that you request or already possess; and

c) Have a pair of spare corrective lenses at your disposal while exercising the privileges conferred on you by your title.

4.3.3.4 The applicant will be required to read the letter N5, or its equivalent, at a distance chosen by the applicant between 30 and 50 cm, as well as the letter N14, or its equivalent, at a distance of 100 cm. If this requirement is satisfied only by the use of corrective lenses, the applicant may be declared fit on condition that he or she has such lenses for immediate use when exercising the privileges conferred on him by the licence. No more than one pair of corrective lenses shall be used to demonstrate that this visual requirement is satisfied. A correction will not be acceptable for near vision only.

4.3.3.4.1 An applicant who needs correction to satisfy the next visual acuity requirement will have to use bifocal lenses, or perhaps trifocal lenses, to read the instruments and a letter or hand held in hand, as well as move to faraway vision through the windscreen without removing the lenses. A correction only for near vision (full lenses of a single power, suitable for reading) considerably reduces the distant visual acuity. Whenever there is a need to obtain or to renew corrective lenses, the applicant must inform the optometra about the reading distances for the visual tasks of the pilot post relevant to the types of aircraft in which likely perform its functions.

4.3.3.4.2 The applicant must be required to have an upcoming point of accommodation of 30 cm. while using the corrective lenses, if necessary, as required in 4.3.3.3. However, the applicant may be deemed to be unfit for compliance with the provisions of this provision, provided that he provides evidence, which is satisfactory to the licensing authority, that he has been provided with a correction. for the next binocular vision and for the intermediate distance vision, or that does not need such a correction at the moment. Such an applicant should be required to use the correction necessary for the near-vision and for the interim vision, in addition to any correction required under the provisions of 4.3.3.3, while exercising the powers conferred on it. confers the title.

4.3.4 Hearing requirements

Medical recognition will be based on the following requirements:

4.3.4.1 The applicant, submitted to a test with a pure tone audiometer when the title is issued and subsequently at a frequency not less than once every five years, up to the age of forty years and, henceforth, less than once every three years, it must not have a hearing loss deficiency, in each ear, separately, greater than 35 dB in any of the three frequencies of 500, 1,000 or 2,000 Hz, and not greater than 50 dB in the frequency of 3,000 Hz. However, any applicant with a hearing impairment greater than the one specified above may be declared fit on condition that:

(a) Have a hearing capacity in each ear, separately, equivalent to that of a normal person, with background noise that simulate the masking characteristics of the noise of the pilot post during the flight; to the voice and to the radio signals; and

b) You can hear a voice of normal intensity in a silent room, with both ears, at a distance of 2 m. from the examiner and back to it.

4.3.4.1.1 As an alternative, methods will be used that provide results equivalent to those specified in 4.3.4.1.

4.4 Medica-class 2 Evaluation

4.4.1 Expedition and renewal of the assessment

4.4.1.1 Any applicant for a private Pilot's title or license of aircraft or helicopter, of a title or license of a glider Pilot or of a title or license of a free balloon Pilot, shall undergo a medical examination. initial to obtain the medical evaluation of class 2.

4.4.1.2 Except when otherwise indicated in this section, the class 2 medical evaluation of the holder of a private pilot or helicopter pilot, pilot or balloon pilot pilot will be renewed to intervals not exceeding those specified in 1.2.5.2.

4.4.1.3 When the aeronautical authority has satisfied itself that the requirements set out in this section are met and the general provisions of 4.1 and 4.2 will be issued to the applicant for the medical evaluation of class 2.

4.4.2 Psychophysical Requirements

Medical recognition will be based on the following requirements.

4.4.2.1 The applicant shall not suffer from any disease or disability which may prevent him from suddenly operating safely an aircraft and safely perform his duties.

4.4.2.2 The applicant will have no proven clinical history or clinical diagnosis of:

a) Psychosis.

b) Alcoholism.

c) Drug dependency.

d) Disorders of the personality, in particular when they are serious enough to have repeatedly manifested themselves for their exaggerated behavior.

(e) a significant degree of mental failure or neurosis which may prevent him from safely exercising the privileges corresponding to the title he or she already applies, unless the accredited medical opinion indicates that, special circumstances, the lack of compliance with the requirement in question, by the applicant, is such that the exercise of the privileges does not affect flight safety.

4.4.2.3 The applicant will have no proven clinical history or clinical diagnosis of:

a) progressive or non-progressive disease of the nervous system, the effect of which, according to an accredited medical opinion, may interfere with the exercise of the privileges corresponding to the title, licence and ratings which are request.

b) Epilepsy.

c) Any other recurring knowledge disorder, with no satisfactory medical explanation of their cause.

4.4.2.4 Cases of cranioencephalic trauma, the effects of which, according to an accredited medical opinion, may be affected by the exercise of the relevant privileges shall be considered as a cause of incapacity.

4.4.2.5 The applicant shall not present any anomaly of the heart, congenital or acquired, which may interfere with the exercise of the privileges corresponding to the title, license and ratings requested. A history of checked myocardial infarction will be a reason for disqualification.

4.4.2.5.1 Some abnormalities that are commonly presented, such as respiratory arrhythmia, isolated extrasystoles that disappear with exercise, tachycardia due to agitation or exercise, or bradycardia that do not go accompanied by atrioventricular dissociation, may be considered to be within the normal limits.

4.4.2.5.2 Electrocardiography will be part of the recognition of the heart when a degree is first awarded and will be included in the successive examinations of applicants whose age is between 30 and Forty years, at least every two years, and from this last age, annually.

4.4.2.6 Arterial, systolic and diastolic pressures will be within the normal limits.

4.4.2.6.1 The use of medicinal products intended to control hypertension, such as those whose use, according to an accredited medical opinion, is compatible with the exercise of the relevant privileges, is a reason for disqualification.

4.4.2.7 The circulatory system will not present any major functional or structural abnormalities.

4.4.2.8 There will be no acute lung condition or any active disease in the structure of the lungs, mediastine or pleura. The X-ray will be part of the medical examination in all doubtful clinical cases.

4.4.2.8.1 The first chest medical examination must include a radiographic examination and similar periodic examinations will be carried out in accordance with the health regulations.

4.4.2.9 All extensive mauling of the chest wall with the collapse of the chest cage, and the sequelae of surgical interventions that cause respiratory deficiency at altitude, will be cause to be considered unfit for applicant.

4.4.2.10 Cases of pulmonary emphysema should be considered as a cause of disability if the condition presents symptoms.

4.4.2.11 Cases of active pulmonary tuberculosis, duly diagnosed, will be considered as a cause of disability. Cases of inactive or healed lesions, which are known to be tuberculous or presumed to have tuberculous origin, may be considered admissible.

4.4.2.12 Cases of disease causing incapacity, involving serious functional deficiencies of the gastrointestinal tract or its annexes, shall be considered as a cause of incapacity.

4.4.2.13 The applicant shall be required to be completely free of hernias that may cause symptoms of incapacitation.

4.4.2.14 Any disease or surgical intervention in any part of the digestive tract or its attachments, which may cause incapacity during flight, especially tightness or compression obstructions, consider as a cause of disability.

4.4.2.15 Cases of disorders of metabolism, nutrition or endocrine disorders which may affect the exercise of the privileges corresponding to the applicant's licence or rating shall be considered as a cause of inability.

4.4.2.16 The proven cases of saccharin diabetes that are satisfactorily controlled without the need to administer any antidiabetic medicinal products may be considered as suitable. The use of antidiabetic medicinal products for the control of saccharin diabetes is a reason for disqualification, except in the case of oral medicinal products administered under conditions that allow appropriate supervision and control, and which, according to accredited medical advice, be compatible with the exercise of the relevant privileges.

4.4.2.17 Cases of significant localised or widespread hypertrophy of the lymph glands and blood diseases will be considered as a cause of incapacity, except in cases where the medical advice is given indicate that the condition is not likely to affect the exercise of the privileges corresponding to the title and rating of the applicant.

4.4.2.18 Cases presenting any signs of disease, organ of the kidneys shall be considered as temporary incapacity. The urine will not contain any abnormal elements which, in the opinion of the examiner, are pathologically important. The conditions of the urinary tract and the genital organs will be considered as a cause of incapacity; those caused by transient causes may be considered as a cause of temporary incapacity.

4.4.2.19 Any disease or surgical intervention in the kidneys and in the urinary tract that may cause incapacity, especially the obstructions due to tightness or compression, will be eliminated. It may be considered that the compensated nephrectomy, without hypertension or uremia, is not eliminated.

4.4.2.20 To the person applying for the first time for a degree and whose clinical history indicates that he has been affected by syphilis, they will be required to provide evidence to convince the examiner that he has undergone syphilis. appropriate treatment.

4.4.2.21 Applicants who have a history of severe menstrual disorders, who have been shown to be incorrigible by treatment and who are likely to prevent them from exercising the relevant privileges, will be considered disabled.

4.4.2.22 Pregnancy will be a reason for temporary incapacity.

4.4.2.22.1 If no major anomaly is present, the accredited medical advice may declare capacity during the intervening months of pregnancy.

4.4.2.23 After childbirth or termination of pregnancy, the applicant shall not be allowed to exercise the relevant privileges until such time as he has not been recognised and is considered fit.

4.4.2.24 Any active condition of the bones, joints, muscles or tendons, and all serious functional sequelae of congenital or acquired diseases, will be considered as a cause of incapacity. The functional consequences of injury to the bones, joints, muscles or tendons and certain anatomical defects compatible with the exercise of the privileges corresponding to the title and/or the duties may be considered as not enabling the applicant.

4.4.2.25 There will be no:

a) Active, acute or chronic pathological process, neither in the inner ear nor in the middle ear.

b) Permanent disorders in vestibular devices. Temporary conditions can be considered as temporary incapacity.

4.4.2.26 There will be no severe deformity, no acute or chronic condition of the oral cavity or upper respiratory ducts.

4.4.3 Visual Requirements

Medical recognition will be based on the following requirements:

4.4.3.1 The operation of the eyes and the attachments will be normal. There shall be no pathological, acute or chronic condition of any of the two eyes or annexes which may hinder its correct function, to the extreme of preventing the exercise of the privileges corresponding to the title and the qualification of the applicant.

4.4.3.2 Requester will be required to have normal visual fields.

4.4.3.3 The applicant shall be required to have a distant visual acuity of at least 6/12 (20/40, 0, 5) in each eye separately, with or without corrective lenses. If this visual acuity is achieved only by the use of corrective lenses, the applicant may be declared fit, provided that:

a) Use corrective lenses while exercising the privileges inherent in the title or enablement that you request or already possess, and

b) Have a pair of spare corrective lenses at your disposal when exercising the privileges conferred on you by your title.

4.4.3.3.1 If the visual acuity required by 4.4.3.3 is obtained only by the use of corrective lenses and the natural visual acuity in each eye, separately, it is less than 6/60 (20/200, 0, 1), the applicants whose defects refraction in each eye separately, are within the marge of + 5 dioptrias (equivalent spherical error) may be considered as suitable; applicants whose refractive defects in each eye separately are outside the range of + 5 dioptrias (equivalent spherical error) may, however, be accepted as suitable in accordance with a Accredited medical advice.

4.4.3.4 The applicant will be required to read the letter N5, or its equivalent, at a distance chosen by the applicant between 30 and 60 cm. An applicant who satisfies only the requirements of this provision by the use of corrective lenses, may be declared fit on condition that he has such lenses for immediate use when exercising the privileges conferred on him by the licence. No more than one pair of corrective lenses will be used to demonstrate that this requirement is met for near vision.

4.4.4 Hearing requirements

The applicant must be able to hear a voice of normal intensity, in a silent room, with both ears, at a distance of 2 meters from the examiner and back to the examiner.

ADDITIONAL PROVISIONS

First.

No person may act as a member of the flight crew of an aircraft with Spanish registration if he does not have the title, licence and rating, corresponding to the duties to be performed on board, duly issued by the Directorate General of Civil Aviation and in a situation of validity.

Second.

No Spanish may act as a member of the flight crew of an aircraft with foreign registration, within the limits of Spanish airspace, if it does not hold the title, license and qualification for the flight crew. duties to be performed on board, duly issued by the Directorate-General for Civil Aviation and in a situation of validity.

Third.

No foreigner may act as a member of a flight crew of an aircraft of foreign registration, within the limits of Spanish airspace, if he does not possess the license and ratings corresponding to the functions which it has to carry on board, duly issued in accordance with ICAO standards, by the Aeronautical Authorities of the State of registration of the aircraft or accepted by them, in the event that they have been issued by another State.

TRANSIENT PROVISIONS

First.

As provided for in the second transitional provision of Royal Decree 959/1990, the titles and licenses of Commercial Pilot First of Avion, issued until the date of entry into force of this Order, according to The Decree of 13 May 1955 and the Order of 24 May 1955, or as a result of the provisions of the transitional fourth of this Order, may be redeemed from 15 November 1994, by those of Commercial Pilot of Avion with the described in 2.4.2.1 and with the instrument flight rating, if the holder has not obtained his/her title Pilot of Air Lines Transport as provided for in the third transitional provision of Royal Decree 959/1990. If this provision is not met, the non-redeemed licences shall apply to them, in respect of international operations, the provisions of Articles 39 (b) and 40 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation.

Holders of a First Commercial Pilot title that opt for the Air-Air Line Transport Pilot title until November 15, 1994, will be entitled to complete the 2.5.1.4 requirement in relation to the 2.1.8, to be recognized for the seven hundred hours of flight required to obtain that title.

Until the start date of their possible exchange, on November 15, 1994, the titles and licenses of the Commercial Pilot First of Avion will have full validity, both at national and international level.

Second.

To holders of a certificate of radio operator on board, they shall apply to them, as from 15 November 1994, in respect of international operations, the provisions of Articles 39 (b) and 40 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation.

The renewal of the corresponding license will be carried out in the terms of the Order of 24 May 1955, as long as the interested parties maintain the conditions for exercising the privileges of the title.

Until 15 November 1994, the titles and licences of the on-board RadiOperator will be fully valid, both at national and international level.

Third.

The students of the National Aeronautics School of promotions XII, XIII and XIV, will obtain at the end of their studies the title and the license of Commercial Pilot with enablement for instrumental flight, as well as the recognition of the theoretical knowledge required for obtaining the title of Air Line Transport Pilot of Avion, after the complementary programme set by the Aeronautical Authority has been exceeded.

Fourth.

The titles obtained after the date of entry into force of the regulations that are now established, as a result of calls for examinations prior to the publication of Royal Decree 959/1990, will be issued according to the rules previously in force.

Fifth.

As provided for in the first transitional provision of Royal Decree 959/1990 the Commercial Pilot of Avion certificates issued in accordance with the Decree of 13 May 1955 and the Order of 24 May 1955 will be redeemable until 15 November 1994 for the derivatives of the privileges contained in Royal Decree 959/1990, by means of the accreditation of the fulfilment of the conditions laid down in it and the present Order for the title of Commercial Pilot, and the improvement of the evidence relating to official programmes on differences in knowledge required. In another case, the provisions of Article 40 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation shall apply.

Sixth.

The holders of an Avion Commercial Pilot Title issued in accordance with the Order of 24 May 1955, who have passed the evidence of knowledge corresponding to the former First Commercial Pilot Title, may to qualify for the title of Commercial Pilot for the derivative of Royal Decree 959/1990 without the additional evidence referred to in the previous provision. The requirement in 2.1.4.2.3 (b) shall also be considered as sastisdated.

Seventh.

The holders of a Commercial Pilot Title, obtained in accordance with the Order of 24 May 1955, shall be exempt from the requirement indicated in 2.1.4.2 if they have obtained a type rating prior to 1 January of this year. 1992.

Eighth.

Holders of the Commercial Pilot of Avion and Commercial Pilot of First of Avion issued in accordance with the Order of 24 May 1955 shall accompany the corresponding license for such title as a document proof of their privileges, as long as they remain valid.

Ninth.

The holders of a Title of Commercial Pilot of Helicopter issued in accordance with the Order of 25 May 1955, which have a special authorization for flights of public transport of helicopters, may obtain, up to the 15 November 1994, the title of Helicopter Air Line Transport Pilot, by accreditation of compliance with the requirement set out in 2.9.1.4. From that date, the authorisations referred to above shall be without effect.

10th.

For aeroplanes registered in Spain, whose maximum take-off weight is less than 5,700 and type rating is required, in accordance with the provisions of 2.1.2.2, no such rating shall be required until 1 January 1991. The rating shall be recorded for those Pilots who, on that date, can credit for a minimum experience of two hundred hours as a Pilot in command or a co-pilot in the type of aeroplane concerned.

11th.

As provided for in the fourth transitional provision of Royal Decree 959/1990, for one year from 26 July 1990, the academic qualification requirements laid down in this Royal will not be required. Decree.

REPEAL PROVISION

The following orders are hereby repealed: of 24 May 1955, on civil aviation securities in Spain; of 14 July 1969, amending the previous one; of 14 June 1976, amending Article 5 of the Order of 24 May 1955, 9 May 1966, fixing the age of retirement for pilots of aircraft engaged in the public service; the age of 31 May 1974 for the establishment of the Advisory Commission for the declaration of psycho-physical fitness of the civil aviation personnel; the date of 7 July 1973, for which the Medical Tribunal is granted a character to the Centre of Research on Aeronautical Medicine, and on 12 February 1986, for which the same character is granted to the Medical Centre of Civil Aviation at the National Aeronautics School, as opposed to this Order. Of the Order of 30 December 1985 for the non-motor flight, the following Articles are hereby repealed: 1, paragraphs 2 and 3, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 and 21, paragraphs (a), (b), (c) and (d). Articles 1, 2 and 3, 2, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18 are hereby repealed with the Order of 8 May 1986 on the practice and teaching of aerostation. All provisions of equal or lower rank which are contrary to the content of this Order shall also be repealed.

FINAL DISPOSITION

This Order shall enter into force on the day following that of its publication in the Official Gazette of the State.

Madrid, 30 November 1990.

BARRIONUEVO PEÑA

Ilmo. Mr. Director General of Civil Aviation.