Key Benefits:
Law 2/1985 of 21 January on Civil Protection establishes the need to protect persons and property through adequate planning in situations of serious risk, disaster or public calamity. Emergencies in facilities or activities with potential radiological risks may result in such situations.
The Basic Standard of Civil Protection approved by Royal Decree 407/1992, of 24 April, which develops Law 2/1985, provides for the elaboration of special plans to deal with specific risks whose nature requires a Technical-scientific methodology suitable for each of them, establishing that these plans will be elaborated according to the corresponding Basic Guideline. It also provides that the Basic Guideline must be approved by the Government and must establish the common foundations and minimum requirements for organization, operational criteria, intervention measures and coordination instruments that will have to observe the above mentioned plans.
The Basic Civil Protection Standard expressly states that the risk in nuclear emergencies must be the subject of a special plan. However, it does not mention radiological risk. Royal Decree 1546/2004, of 25 June, approves the Basic Plan of Nuclear Emergency. The Council of Ministers 'Agreement of 9 June 2006, for its part, approves the Directors' Plans for the Nuclear Emergency Plans for Nuclear Power Plants. Furthermore, the Basic Standard also provides that the transport of dangerous goods is a specific risk and therefore must be the subject of a special plan. Royal Decree 387/1996, of March 1, approves the Basic Guideline of Civil Protection Planning in the face of the risk of accidents in the Transports of Dangerous Goods by Road and Rail, with the transport of radioactive materials.
Since the final provision of Royal Decree 407/1992, of 24 April 1992, for which the Basic Standard for Civil Protection is adopted, provides that the Government, on a proposal from the Ministry of the Interior and after the Commission's report National of Civil Protection, determine that other potential risks may be subject to regulation through special plans (depending on the available knowledge on the scope and magnitude of its consequences), the risk has been considered Radiological must be the subject of a special plan.
Council Directive 89 /618/EURATOM of 27 November 1989 on population information on the applicable health protection measures and on the behaviour to be followed in the event of a radiological emergency, was incorporated into the Spanish legal order through the Resolution of 20 October 1999, which provides for the publication of the Agreement of the Council of Ministers of 1 October 1999 on information from the public on measures to applicable health protection and the behaviour to be followed in case of a radiological emergency. Council Directive 96 /29/EURATOM of 13 May 1996 laying down the basic rules for the protection of the health of workers and the public against the risks arising from ionising radiation, was transposed into the Spanish legal order by the approval of Royal Decree 1836/1999 of 3 December, approving the Regulation of Nuclear and Radiactive Facilities, and of Royal Decree 783/2001 of 6 July 2001, approves the Regulation on Health Protection against Ionising Radiation. The above mentioned legislation makes it necessary to further develop interventions in radiological emergencies.
This royal decree aims to strengthen the planning of protection and information measures for the population in cases of radiological emergencies.
The wide variety of possible accidents, events and circumstances with potential radiological repercussions, which may be derived from installations, equipment, radiation sources and activities confer on this Basic Guideline. a special complexity. These circumstances have determined the need to classify the different radiological emergencies into groups, so that a common planning is possible for each of them.
This royal decree has been favorably informed by the National Civil Protection Commission at its meeting of 3 December 2009, in accordance with the provisions of Law 2/1985, as well as by the Security Council. Nuclear, at its plenary meeting of 3 March 2010, in accordance with the provisions of Law 15/1980 of 22 April, of the creation of the Nuclear Security Council.
In its virtue, on the proposal of the First Vice President of the Government and Minister of the Interior, with the prior approval of the Third Vice President and Minister of Territorial Policy and Public Administration and prior deliberation of the Council of Ministers at its meeting on 19 November 2010,
DISPONGO:
Article 1. Approval of the Basic Guideline.
The Basic Guideline for Civil Protection Planning is approved for the Radiological Risk, the text of which is attached to this royal decree.
Article 2. Creation of the State Coordination Committee.
1. A State Coordination Committee (CECO) is set up, with the following composition:
(a) President: The holder of the Undersecretary of the Ministry of the Interior.
b) Vice President: The head of the Directorate General for Civil Protection and Emergencies.
c) Vocals: A representative of each of the following organs:
Nuclear Security Council.
Directorate General of Police and Civil Guard.
General Directorate of Defense Policy.
Directorate General of Public Health and Foreign Health.
Infrastructure and Tracking Department for Crisis Situations.
State Agency of Meteorology.
d) Secretary: The Deputy Director General of Planning, Operations and Emergencies of the Directorate General for Civil Protection and Emergencies, who will act with voice but without a vote.
Representatives from other Ministry of State departments may be integrated into the CECO depending on the type and magnitude of the emergency.
The rules for the formation of will, the adoption of agreements, the system of convocation and the functioning of the ECCO and other matters relating to its organization will be governed by the general regulations on the collegiate bodies of the chapter. II of Title II of Law 30/1992 of 26 November 1992 of the Legal Regime of the General Administration and of the Common Administrative Procedure, except where the ECCO is convened to perform the functions assigned to it in situations of emergency. In the latter case, the time limit for convening the meetings may be lower than that laid down in that law in the light of the urgency of the action.
2. The CECO functions shall be as follows:
Coordinate the measures to be taken for the mobilization of all means and civilian resources located outside the territorial scope of the Autonomous Community that are required by the Operational Directorate.
Coordinate the international assistance that is required, at the request of the Operational Address.
Participate in the preparation of the State Plan and in its successive revisions and updates, as well as in carrying out exercises and drills.
The CECO will be established in the headquarters of the Directorate General of Civil Protection and Emergencies, an organ to which it is attached, and will have the means and infrastructures of it for the performance of its functions.
Article 3. National catalogue of installations or activities which may give rise to emergency situations by radiological risk.
1. The Nuclear Safety Board shall establish and collect the data and information necessary for the preparation of a national catalogue of installations or activities which may give rise to emergency situations by radiological risk and shall update such data and information at the required periodicity.
2. The Directorate-General for Civil Protection and Emergencies shall provide the appropriate infrastructure and procedures to ensure the maintenance of that Catalogue and to ensure that the competent bodies in the field of civil protection of the Autonomous Communities have access to it for their respective territorial areas.
3. The national catalogue of installations or activities shall specifically identify those activities which, while being registered in a given territory and due to their portability or mobility characteristics, may be operating in places other than those officially registered.
4. The key data to be included in this Catalogue will be:
Installation holder.
Location.
Installation activity.
Characteristics of radioactive sources or nuclear materials.
Article 4. Criteria and recommendations for radiological risk emergencies.
1. In accordance with Law 15/1980 of 22 April of the establishment of the Nuclear Security Council, the specific functions of the Nuclear Safety Council regarding the management of nuclear and radiological emergencies are as follows:
(a) Collaborate with the competent authorities in drawing up the criteria to be met by the external emergency plans of nuclear and radioactive installations and, once the plans have been drawn up, participate in the its approval.
b) Coordinate, for all aspects related to nuclear safety and radiation protection, measures to support and respond to emergency situations, integrating and coordinating the various agencies and companies public or private whose tender is necessary for the performance of the tasks assigned to this Body.
(c) Inspect, assess, monitor, propose and adopt, if necessary, by informing the competent authority, how many preventive and corrective measures are necessary in the event of exceptional or emergency situations, present and which may affect nuclear safety and radiation protection, where they have their origin in facilities, equipment, undertakings or activities not subject to the authorisation regime of nuclear legislation.
2. The Nuclear Safety Board shall be responsible for the formulation of radiological criteria and recommendations for radiological risk emergencies.
3. The Nuclear Safety Board shall draw up a technical guide covering at least:
(a) The protective measures and, where appropriate, all the actions of a radiological nature to be considered in the plans against radiological emergencies arising from the Basic Guideline approved by this royal decree, depending on the classification in groups of possible radiological emergencies, according to Annex I.
(b) The radiological recommendations to be used for the establishment of the civil protection action zones, in the development of the practical criteria set out in Annex VI of the Basic Guideline to be adopted.
c) The radiological criteria for the implementation of civil protection plans in the face of the risk of radiological emergency of the Autonomous Communities.
4. The National Company of Radioactive Waste, S.A. (ENRESA) shall carry out the functions assigned to it by the regulations in force in the event of a radiological emergency, in support of the national civil protection system in the form and circumstances required by the Security Council. Nuclear or, where appropriate, by the Ministry of Industry, Tourism and Trade.
Article 5. Incident notification.
The holder of an installation or activity that may give rise to an emergency radiological risk situation shall be responsible for promptly reporting on the incidents or accidents occurring to the organs. competent in the field of civil protection of the Autonomous Communities, delegations or subdelegations of the Government of the territorial area concerned, as well as the Nuclear Safety Council, in accordance with the procedures laid down in the Basic guideline adopted by this royal decree and, where appropriate, in the civil protection plan applicable.
Article 6. Emergency planning and management.
1. Competent Public Administrations shall draw up their corresponding civil protection plans against radiological risk, as set out in the Basic Guideline, which is approved by this Royal Decree.
2. The management of the emergency shall correspond to the body established in the Autonomous Community Plan of the territorial area concerned, without prejudice to the emergency management powers which may correspond to the local authorities or to other authorities. authorities or bodies, if provided for in their specific regulatory rules, unless the emergency is declared in the national interest by the Minister of the Interior.
3. The national interest emergency management shall be the responsibility of the Minister of the Interior or the body in which the Minister delegates.
Final disposition first. Competence title.
This royal decree is issued in accordance with the provisions of Article 149.1.29. of the Constitution, which attributes competence to the State in matters of public security.
Final disposition second. Regulatory enablement.
The Minister of the Interior is enabled, after a favorable report by the Nuclear Security Council and the National Civil Protection Commission, to modify the Basic Guideline approved by the present royal decree, when it concurs. any of the following circumstances:
(a) Changes in international regulations that have been published in the Official Gazette of the State, the content of which refers to the prevention and control of accidents by radiological risk.
(b) deemed necessary, on a proposal from the competent bodies of the public authorities involved in the management of the plans of the external level of response referred to in the guideline, in the relevant aspects to the modification of the levels of intervention and dose of emergency situations and of the areas of action referred to in Title II and Annexes I to VI of this Guideline.
Final disposition third. Deadlines.
The national catalogue of installations or activities likely to give rise to radiological risk situations and the technical guidance referred to in Articles 3 and 4 respectively shall be drawn up by the Nuclear Safety Board. within the maximum period of one year, following the entry into force of this royal decree.
Final disposition fourth. Entry into force.
This royal decree and the Basic Guideline on Civil Protection Planning for the Radiological Risk that it approves will enter into force the day following its publication in the "Official State Gazette".
Given in Madrid, on November 19, 2010.
JOHN CARLOS R.
The First Vice President of the Government and Minister of the Interior,
ALFREDO PEREZ RUBALCABA
BASIC CIVIL PROTECTION PLANNING GUIDELINE FOR RADIOLOGICAL RISK
TITLE I
General provisions
1. Object
This Basic Guideline for Civil Protection Planning for Radiological Risk, hereinafter referred to as the Basic Guideline, is the rule that contains the minimum criteria to be followed by the different Public Administrations. and, as appropriate, the holders of the nuclear and radioactive installations covered by the applicable legislation and in the Regulation on Nuclear and Radiactive Facilities, approved by Royal Decree 1836/1999 of 3 December 1999, successive regulated installations, as well as the holders of other installations or activities in which there may be exceptionally radiological risk.
In particular, the Basic Guideline results from the implementation, implementation and maintenance of the effectiveness of special civil protection plans in the face of radiological emergencies, in the territorial areas. which are required in accordance with Chapter II (7), point 7.2 of the Basic Standard of Civil Protection, approved by Royal Decree 407/1992 of 24 April 1992.
2. Scope of application
1. This Basic Guideline shall apply to special civil protection plans which are developed to respond to radiological emergencies which may arise as a result of:
a) Activities or facilities that typically use nuclear or radioactive substances.
(b) Accidents in other facilities or activities not covered by the previous paragraph.
c) Exceptional events that originate from illicit activities that are intended to cause harm to people or property.
2. This Basic Guideline will not apply to:
a) To emergencies included in the scope of the Basic Nuclear Emergency Plan.
(b) To emergencies produced during the transport of radioactive materials which are governed by the Basic Civil Protection Planning Directive in the face of the risk of accidents in the transport of dangerous goods by road and rail.
(c) To emergencies produced during the transport of radioactive materials by sea, unless they occur in the port area.
However, the essential rules and criteria of a radiological nature to be established, included or derived from this Basic Guideline may, as appropriate, be applicable in the planning of the response to the these excluded radiological emergencies.
3. Scope
For the purposes of response planning for radiological emergencies, two phases are distinguished:
1. Emergency Phase: This is the period between the declaration of an emergency situation until the declaration of the end of the emergency situation, when the situation is controlled, either because the cause has disappeared. originated, either because no more emissions of radioactive substances are expected outside the country and all necessary emergency protective measures and actions have been implemented.
2. Recovery Phase: This is the period that starts when the end of the emergency phase has been declared and includes all actions aimed at recovering the normal living conditions in the affected areas.
The criteria of this Basic Guideline refer to all necessary planning, preparation and response actions for the emergency phase. Some of the criteria of this Basic Guideline will also apply to the actions of the recovery phase, considering that in the emergency phase decisions can be made or actions that condition the response in that phase can be taken.
4. Objectives of civil protection planning in the face of radiological emergencies
The overall goals of planning for radiological emergencies are:
a) Reduce risk or mitigate the consequences of accidents at source.
(b) Avoid or at least reduce the adverse effects of ionizing radiation on the population and property as far as possible.
5. Planning levels
To achieve these objectives, structured radiological emergency plans will be established at two levels: level of self-protection or level of internal response and level of civil protection or level of external response.
(a) Internal response level: The level of internal response is in response to the obligations of the operators of installations or activities which may give rise to situations of particular danger in the availability of self-protection in accordance with the general provisions of Articles 5 and 6 of Law 2/1985 of 21 January on Civil Protection and the Basic Self-Protection Standard approved by Royal Decree 393/2007 of 23 March.
Consequently, in the field of this Basic Guideline, the actions of the level of internal response that are carried out in the facilities or activities in which events or accidents may occur that may give rise to Radiological risk situations are the responsibility of their holders.
The basic objectives of the action of the level of internal response to a radiological emergency are:
Drive the situation of the installation or activity to a secure condition.
Prevent or reduce the dispersion of radioactive material.
Protect workers from the installation or activity and the intervention staff within the installation.
Inform public authorities of any situation that requires the application of population protection measures and collaborate with them in their implementation.
In the case of regulated installations, the actions of the level of internal response to radiological emergencies will be established in the Plan of Emergency Interior, which will be developed according to the technical regulations that develops the Nuclear and Radiactive Facilities Regulation and provides an extra charge with the Basic Self-Protection Standard.
In the case of non-regulated installations or activities in which there may be exceptionally radiological risk, the action of the level of internal response to radiological emergencies shall be laid down in the Plan of Self-protection, which shall be drawn up in accordance with the provisions of the Basic Self-Protection Standard applicable to them, and in accordance with the provisions of the Regulation on Health Protection against Ionising Radiation, approved by Royal Decree 783/2001, dated 6 July.
Both the Interior Emergency Plan and the Self-Protection Plan will establish coordination procedures with the plans of the level of foreign response.
b) External response level: The external response level will be implemented through radiological emergency plans that will have the character of special plans and whose development, implementation and effectiveness is the responsibility of the competent public administrations.
The basic objective of the radiological emergency plans of the level of external response is to have the organization, procedures, resources and resources necessary to protect the population from the radiological risks. may affect them in case of radiological emergencies.
The owners of the regulated facilities and, in general of all the facilities or activities where there is an exceptional radiological risk, are obliged to cooperate with the public authorities both in the implementation as in the activities of the development, implementation and maintenance of the effectiveness of the radiological emergency plans.
The external response level will be structured, in turn, in the following radiological emergency plans:
Special plans for municipal action in the face of radiological emergencies, which will form part of the Autonomous Community Plan, hereinafter the Municipal Plans.
Special plans of the Autonomous Communities in the face of radiological emergencies, hereinafter the Autonomous Plans.
State special plan for radiological emergencies, hereinafter referred to as the State Plan.
These plans will set out the objectives, scope, organization, structure and functions, human and material resources, operational procedures for their mobilization and orderly action, and effective, as well as the coordination scheme between the different Public Administrations called to intervene.
The Autonomous Plans will be limited to their territorial and territorial scope, and will include the municipal action plans deemed necessary.
The State Plan will establish the mechanisms to support the Autonomous Plans, when requested by its corresponding management body, as well as the mechanisms to assume the direction and coordination of the emergency if the situation is is declared to be of national interest.
6. Bases for the schedule
Autonomic Plans will take into account the following basic elements for planning:
(a) Radiological criteria: Protection measures and other actions to be carried out in order to deal with radiological emergencies have the consideration of interventions for the purposes of Title VI of the Regulation. on Health Protection against Ionising Radiation, approved by Royal Decree 783/2001 of 6 July 2001. This Title VI applies to any intervention in the event of a radiological emergency or in the event of an enduring exposure. As a result, the general principles of the interventions set out in Article 58 of that Regulation and, as regards the emergency exposure, the provisions of Article 60 of the same Regulation apply. These principles are the basis of the radiological criteria approved by the Nuclear Safety Board and are developed in Title II of this Basic Guideline.
b) Pronite notification and early warning: All notifications and communications necessary for the activation of the Autonomous Plans and the implementation of the protection measures shall be carried out as quickly as possible and using, where appropriate, pre-established procedures or protocols to be part of each of the types of emergency plans considered at the various levels of planning.
c) Single command and operational structure: To exercise the direction and coordination of the set of entities and bodies (public and private) called to intervene to deal with situations of radiological emergency, each plan clearly establish the body to which the exercise of the functions of the directives is concerned.
The State Plan and the Autonomous Plans will establish a hierarchical structure to which functions will be assigned to it and that will allow the effective implementation of the protection measures and other emergency actions foreseen in the the plans.
d) Activation of the Plans in the Face of Radiological Emergencies: The activation of an Autonomic Plan will be carried out by the management body of the Plan with the formal declaration of the corresponding emergency situations and of the actions and the protective measures to be taken.
The activation of an Autonomic Plan in the face of radiological emergencies will, in turn, result in the activation of the corresponding Municipal Plans.
The activation of the State Plan against radiological emergencies will be carried out in accordance with the procedures established therein, depending on whether there is a prior declaration of the national interest or whether it should be acted upon. support of the Autonomous Plans.
(e) Collaboration of the operators of the facilities or activities: The operators of the installations or activities covered by this Basic Guideline shall cooperate with the competent authorities in the field. the implementation and maintenance of the effectiveness of the plans, as well as the implementation of the protection measures and other emergency actions.
f) Coordinated action. In order to achieve maximum effectiveness in the adoption of measures for the protection of the population and property, all the actions of the bodies involved in the emergency plans shall be carried out in a coordinated manner and in accordance with the procedures for operational action.
g) Emergency information guarantee: Special Plans will contain the procedures and channels necessary to ensure, in a timely and appropriate manner, information coverage for the population effectively affected, Public administrations involved and the rest of the population.
h) Media and Resource Efficiency: Mobilable resources to address radiological emergencies will include the provision of personnel, the provision of material resources and resources, and the provision of assistance This is a technical one, which is necessary, depending on the public authorities and private entities, as well as on private individuals. The mobilisation of resources will be sufficient for the adoption of protective measures and other emergency measures.
i) Material implementation and maintenance of effectiveness: The Autonomous Plans will be materially implemented in such a way as to reach and maintain an adequate operational threshold, following the minimum criteria established in the Title IV of this Basic Guideline.
7. Definitions
For the purposes of this Basic Guideline, the fundamental concepts and terms are defined in Annex II.
TITLE II
Radiological Criteria
1. Protective measures
Protection measures are actions aimed at preventing or at least reducing the adverse effects of ionizing radiation on people in the event of a radiological emergency.
These protective measures, as well as other actions to be carried out to deal with radiological emergencies arising from accidents or events in practices subject to or not to the system of authorisations established by the current Regulation on Nuclear and Radioactive Installations, they have the consideration of interventions for the purposes provided for in Title VI of the Regulation on Health Protection against Ionising Radiation and, therefore, the principles and general criteria set out in the same.
Annex III to this Basic Guideline describes the protective measures that may be necessary to take in case of a radiological emergency. Protective measures are classified as "emergency protective measures" and "long-term protective measures".
2. Intervention levels for population protection measures
The application of the protection measures to the population shall be planned in order to prevent the population from receiving doses higher than those laid down in the intervention levels set out in Annex IV to this Guideline. Basic.
3. Emergency dose levels for the intervention staff
The intervention staff in radiological emergencies shall be classified in accordance with Annex V, in which the dose levels not to be exceeded by each of the actuators are set. To do this, the actuators will be subjected to dosimetric surveillance during the intervention.
Additionally, personnel who have intervened in a radiological emergency will be subject to specific medical surveillance.
4. Emergency situations
The activation of a radiological emergency plan is based on the declaration of the Emergency Situation that directly relates to the magnitude of the consequences already produced or foreseeable, the protective measures applicable and the means of intervention available.
For the purposes of drawing up the plans derived from this Basic Guideline, the following situations are established:
Situation 0: Emergency situation in which the risks are limited to the facility itself and can be controlled by the means available in the corresponding internal emergency plan or self-protection plan.
In the event that the radiological emergency is not associated with an installation or activity that has an internal emergency or self-protection plan, it will be related to those accidents that can be controlled by the media. available in the Autonomic Plan and, even in its most unfavourable evolution, pose no risk to the population.
Situation 1: Emergency situation in which risks can be expected to affect people inside the facility, while the effects on the outside, although very unlikely, cannot be controlled. only with the own resources of the internal emergency plan or the self-protection plan, with the intervention of the Autonomous Plan services being necessary.
In the event that the radiological emergency is not associated with an installation or activity that has an internal emergency or self-protection plan, it will be related to those accidents that can be controlled by means of Intervention available in the Autonomic Plan requires the implementation of measures for the protection of persons who may be threatened by the effects of the accident.
Situation 2: Emergency situation in which risks can be expected to affect people both inside and outside the facility and, consequently, the competition for media support is foreseen. State ownership not assigned to the Autonomic Plan.
In the event that the radiological emergency is not associated with an installation that has an internal emergency plan or a self-protection plan, it will be related to those accidents that for its control or the implementation of Measures for the protection of persons are provided for in the contest of means of support of State ownership, not assigned to the Autonomic Plan.
Situation 3: Emergency situation in which the nature, severity or extent of the risks requires the declaration of national interest by the Minister of the Interior.
5. Areas of action
For the purposes of this Guideline, the following emergency planning zones are defined:
Zone of urgent measures. Area where certain protective measures are necessary to prevent the actuators from receiving doses higher than those established for Group 2 (Annex V), and for the population to receive doses higher than the intervention levels for urgent protective measures (Annex IV). This area shall comprise the area where the exposure rate is expected to exceed 5 mSv/hour.
Alert zone. The area where protection measures need to be taken to prevent the population from receiving doses higher than the intervention levels. This area shall comprise the area where the exposure rate is expected to exceed 100 μSv/hour.
Free zone. An area where protective measures do not need to be applied because the doses will be lower than the intervention levels.
In Annex VI to this Guideline, practical criteria are laid down for setting the dimensions of these areas where radiological information is not available.
6. Notification of radiological emergencies
The holder of any regulated or unregulated installation, in which an accident involving radiological risk takes place, shall, as a matter of urgency, notify the event to the Nuclear Safety Board, to the competent body in question. civil protection of the Autonomous Community concerned and the Delegation or Subdelegation of the Government concerned. The Nuclear Safety Council and the Government Subdelegation shall immediately transmit the information received to the Directorate-General for Civil Protection and Emergencies.
In situations of radiological emergency that affect the national territory, that have their origin outside of this territory and that have been notified to our country, in application of the Convention on Pronta Notification of Accidents Nuclear safety, the Nuclear Safety Council will transfer the information received and the technical recommendations that are relevant to the Directorate General for Civil Protection and Emergencies, which will alert the competent bodies in matters of civil protection of the Autonomous Communities whose territorial scope is or may be affected, as well as the relevant Government Delegations and Subdelegations.
In any event, when the Nuclear Security Council becomes aware of any accident that requires the activation of a radiological emergency plan, it shall immediately notify the Directorate General of Civil Protection. and Emergencies, which will have the necessary to alert the organs of Autonomous Communities and the General Administration of the State mentioned above.
The Directorate-General for Civil and Emergency Protection and the Nuclear Safety Council, as well as other public institutions called to intervene in radiological emergencies, will establish mechanisms and protocols. appropriate to notify activation of emergency plans.
The Directorate-General for Civil Protection and Emergencies, with the technical collaboration of the Nuclear Security Council, will establish the minimum content of the incident notification forms, which will, in any case, be referred to. the following aspects:
Description of the incident or event, place, and time of occurrence of the incident, with precise identification of the installation, if applicable.
Preliminary assessment of the risks associated with the accident or event.
Major social, meteorological, architectural, geographic, etc., circumstances that might condition the response.
Identification of the person reporting the incident.
7. Assessment and estimation of consequences
The owners of the regulated facilities are responsible for assessing the consequences that the accidents that occurred in their installation or activity may have on them. In addition, the operators of the facilities are responsible for the initial assessment of the consequences of these accidents outside their installation, as well as for reporting on their results to the competent body in the field of protection. (a) the civil service of the Autonomous Community in which the installation or activity is located, to the relevant Delegation or Subdelegation of the Government and to the Nuclear Safety Board.
In emergency situations that originate from non-regulated facilities or activities, and whenever the accident may have consequences for the population, the Nuclear Safety Board will evaluate them and propose to the body. competent in the field of civil protection of the Autonomous Community corresponding to the applicable protective measures.
The Nuclear Safety Board will provide the Directorate of the State or Autonomous Plan with the assessments made about the possible consequences of accidents on the potentially affected population, as well as the technical recommendations to be made on the protective measures to be taken. This information will also be provided in parallel to the Directorate-General for Civil Protection and Emergencies.
TITLE III
Functions, structure, and organization
1. Functions, structure and organisation of the Autonomous Communities ' plans
1.1 Functions.-The Autonomic Plan for each Autonomous Community shall establish a response organization that allows, at least, the exercise of the following basic functions:
Foresee the organizational structure and intervention procedures for emergency situations that might arise.
Anticipate the procedures for activation, with the declaration of the situation or emergency situations that correspond and, where appropriate, the declaration of national interest.
Establish the systems of articulation with the organizations of the municipal administrations of their territorial scope and define the criteria for the elaboration of the Municipal Plans of the same.
Establish the direction and coordination of enforcement of population protection measures and other emergency actions in affected areas.
Establish procedures for emergency evaluation and monitoring.
Establish the procedures for information to the population effectively affected, the competent authorities of the Public Administrations and the social media, as well as the information to the staff of intervention during the emergency.
Establish procedures for coordination with the Emergency Plans and Self-Protection Plans for emergency response.
The coordination, if any, of the Municipal Plans and the State Plan.
Catalog the specific resources and resources assigned to the plan.
Ensure the implementation and maintenance of the plan's effectiveness.
1.2. Structure and organisation. The structure and organisation of the plans shall include at least in their composition and regulation the elements and criteria set out in the following sub-sections:
(A) Plan address: The plan shall clearly establish the body to perform the functions of the management of the plan, which shall be responsible for directing and coordinating the implementation of the protection measures and other measures. emergency actions in their territorial scope and provided that the national interest is not declared.
B) Coordination Committee: To assist the management of the plan, a Coordination Committee shall be established in which they may be incorporated, together with the members of the Administration of the Autonomous Community who are appointed for this purpose. by the competent body of the body, representatives of:
Government Delegation or Government Subdelegation.
Municipalities affected.
Action Groups.
Facilities affected, if any.
At the request of the Director of the Autonomic Plan, formulated to the Nuclear Security Council, staff may be included in the Coordination Committee, with advisory functions on all the radiological aspects that are directly related to the accident and to the consequences for the population, as well as to the definition of the areas of action and the protective measures to be taken.
The intervention of the Military Emergency Unit (UME) must be requested, in accordance with the laws and regulations in force, by the authority that is designated for the purpose by the body. competent authority of the Autonomous Community. As long as the incorporation of UME personnel into the emergency activities occurs, a representative appointed by the UME will be integrated into the Coordination Committee.
C) Information Cabinet: Depending directly on the plan manager, the information cabinet will be set up. Through it, all information will be channeled to the social media during the emergency. Their basic missions will be:
Disseminate the orders, slogans and recommendations issued by the Director of the Autonomic Plan, through the social media provided for in the plan.
Centralize, coordinate and prepare general information on the emergency, according to the director of the emergency plan, and facilitate it to the social media.
Obtain, centralize, and facilitate all information regarding the potential affected, facilitating family contacts and location of people.
(D) Action Groups: For the development and implementation of the actions envisaged, the Autonomic Plan will provide for the organisation of action groups, whose names, functions, composition and structure will be determined in the plan itself, according to its needs and characteristics.
Each action group shall have adequate human and material resources to perform its functions.
In the performance of these functions the organizations of response of the Municipal Plans must collaborate that it is necessary to activate in order to deal with the emergency. The organisation of the groups shall ensure compliance with the following specific functions:
a. Radiological Functions:
Track the evolution of the accident or event and the possible radiological consequences on the population.
Advise, in the radiological aspects of the emergency, the Director of the Autonomous Community Plan.
Characterize and evaluate the radiological situation of the area affected by the accident or event, during the emergency.
Perform the dosimetric control, as well as the control of other radiation protection measures on the intervention staff.
Collaborate with the group performing the health functions on the identification of personnel and population groups to be subjected to medical monitoring and surveillance for possible exposure to radiation.
Measure and assess the external and internal contamination of the potentially contaminated population and intervention personnel.
Measure and assess pollution in vehicles, other means of emergency, and, where appropriate, property.
Management, if any, of the radioactive waste to be carried out in the emergency phase.
b. Health Functions:
Apply radiation prophylaxis and external and internal decontamination protection measures.
Proceed with the classification of specific population groups and provide urgent health care to irradiated and contaminated persons.
c. Public security and public security functions:
Regular and control access to affected areas.
Facilitate the transit of relief vehicles and, where appropriate, evacuation.
Ensure the custody of goods and the maintenance of public order in the affected areas.
d. Logistic Support and Social Assistance functions:
Transport, supply and shelter for people who need to be evacuated.
Provide transportation for the personnel and teams of the operating groups.
Provide social assistance to the population that needs it.
1.3. Joint with the Municipal Plans. -The Autonomic Plan will establish, within its respective territorial scope, guidelines for the elaboration of plans for municipal action and, where appropriate, other local entities. It shall also specify the general organisational framework that enables the full operational integration of these into the organisation of that organisation.
2. Functions, structure and organisation of municipal plans
In the Municipal Plans, which form part of the Autonomic Plan, an organization will be established with the means and resources of its own and with the necessary functions, with the objective that the response to the radiological emergency in the municipality is as effective as possible.
The basic functions of the Municipal Plans and other local entities will be as follows:
Provide the organizational structure and procedures for intervention in radiological emergencies occurring within the territory of the municipality that corresponds, in coordination with the action groups provided for in the Plan Autonomic.
Specify information and alert procedures for the population, in coordination with those provided for in the Autonomic Plan.
Provide for the necessary organization for the implementation of measures aimed at reducing the exposure of the population to the dangerous phenomena that may occur in the event of an accident.
Catalog specific resources and resources for the implementation of planned activities.
3. Functions, structure and organisation of the State plan
3.1 Functions. -The state plan will establish the organization and procedures for the actions of those resources and services of the State that are necessary to ensure an effective response of the whole of the administrations. Public in situations of radiological emergency in which the national interest is present, as well as the mechanisms of support for the Autonomous Plans in the cases that require it.
The following are state plan functions:
Establish the activation procedures, with the declaration of the appropriate emergency situation, in accordance with the recommendations of the Nuclear Security Council and taking into account the emergency situation already declared by the management body of the Autonomic Plan.
Foresee the organizational structure that allows for the direction and coordination of the emergency in those situations in which the national interest is declared.
Establish procedures for the implementation of protection measures for the population and intervention staff, as well as other actions to be undertaken to address the emergency.
Provide for mechanisms for the provision of intervention resources and resources for cases where the provision of the corresponding plans is insufficient.
Establish procedures to integrate the Autonomous Community response organization into the State Plan Response Organization.
Establish the organization and procedures to facilitate proper coordination with the Navy's Nuclear Emergency Plan (PENAR).
Establish procedures to inform the population effectively affected by the emergency and social media, with advice from the Nuclear Safety Council and the competent health authority.
Establish procedures to provide information to all personnel who can intervene in the radiological emergency on the risks to their health and on the protective measures to be taken.
Establish procedures for reporting and reporting, where appropriate, to the competent authorities of Public Administrations.
Notify and report, as appropriate, to the supranational authorities and bodies, as well as the assessment, application and management of international assistance on the basis of the Agreements and Conventions entered into by the Kingdom of Spain.
Establish and maintain a database on resources and resources that can be mobilized in radiological emergencies.
Establish systems to support planning and management of potential emergencies.
The State Plan will establish the organization and procedures for dealing with exceptional situations with out-of-control sources, as well as attacks with radioactive sources, with dispersal devices. radioactive material or with improvised nuclear devices, in support of the Autonomous Plans or when such situations are declared of national interest.
3.2. Address and coordination of emergencies of national interest. -It is up to the Minister of the Interior to address the radiological emergencies that are declared in the national interest. In the event of a declaration of national interest, the Head of the Military Emergency Unit shall assume the direction and operational coordination of the actions to be carried out in the disaster area.
A Central Information and Communication Cabinet, under the Directorate-General for Civil Protection and Emergencies, will be established with the task of developing, centralizing and disseminating information on the emergency general public and the social media.
3.3. Functions of support to the management bodies of the Autonomous Communities ' Plans. The General Administration of the State will collaborate in the resolution of the non-declared emergencies of national interest, providing support to the management bodies of the with the contribution of their entitlement resources and resources that are available.
The Directorate-General for Civil Protection and Emergencies, in relation to the organs of the State Administration that in each case corresponds, will coordinate the measures to be adopted in support of the management bodies of the plans of Autonomous Communities that require it, as long as they are used by means and resources of state ownership, not belonging to the Armed Forces, and located outside the territorial scope of the Autonomous Community where the emergency. It is up to Government Delegates and Subdelegates to mobilize state media that do not belong to the Armed Forces and are located within their territorial scope.
The regional authorities responsible for civil protection will be able to request from the Ministry of the Interior the collaboration of the UME. The Ministry of the Interior will assess the size of the emergency and the means available to deal with it and will, if necessary, request the intervention of the UME to the Ministry of Defense.
The Nuclear Safety Council will provide technical support and advice to the management bodies of the Autonomous Communities ' plans which are applicable, as far as the radiological criteria to be used and measures are concerned. protection to be implemented in the management of the emergency.
The request for international assistance, when the exhaustion of the possibilities of incorporation of national media is foreseeable, will be formulated by the Directorate General of Civil Protection and Emergencies according to the procedures laid down in the European Union Civil Protection Cooperation Mechanism, the Convention on Mutual Assistance in the Event of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency of the IAEA and the Bilateral and Multilateral Conventions signed by Spain in this field.
In the framework of the mutual assistance agreements mentioned above, the Directorate General for Civil Protection and Emergencies will seek, in collaboration with the Nuclear Security Council, the competent bodies of the Member States. of the European Union, or other countries, the necessary information on the nature and characteristics of emergencies originating in installations or activities located outside the national territory which may have radiological consequences in same.
The support functions referred to above will be performed by the Directorate-General for Civil Protection and the Nuclear Security Council through the State Coordination Committee in those cases where, due to its unique importance, this body will be convened by its president.
TITLE IV
Implementing and maintaining the effectiveness of plans
1. Implementation and Maintenance Programs
Activities will be developed for the implementation and maintenance of the effectiveness of the special plans for Civil Protection against Radiological Risks. Among them:
(a) Information prior to the potentially affected population: This information will be aimed at ensuring that the population is aware of the emergency plan and the protective measures to be taken, encouraging their appropriate reaction in case of emergency.
b) Training and training of actuators: These activities will aim to ensure that people in the intervention groups and services reach and maintain adequate and adequate knowledge about: the characteristics of the radiological accidents, the risks involved and the protective measures to be taken; the organisational structure of the plan to which they are attached and their specific responsibilities, tasks and tasks; and the material resources and resources to be used, as well as their operation and use. These activities also aim to ensure that the staff reaches and maintains adequate preparation and training for the proper development of the tasks entrusted to them.
c) Verification of the effectiveness of the Plans: It will aim to ensure the adequacy of the response organizations and the procedures foreseen in the plans, the training of the current, as well as the means and allocated resources. It shall be carried out by means of periodic checks and verifications of equipment and performance of drills and drills.
d) Management, endowment and adequacy of material resources and resources.
2. Approval of the Plans
The State Plan will be approved by the Government on a proposal from the Minister of the Interior, after a report by the Nuclear Security Council and the National Civil Protection Commission.
The Autonomous Plans, will be approved by the competent organ of the Autonomous Community and will be approved by the National Civil Protection Commission, prior to the report of the Nuclear Safety Council.
Nuclear Security Council reports will have as their object the nuclear safety and radiation protection aspects contained in the Plans.
ANNEX I
Radiological emergency groups
| Description | Associated activity | |
|---|---|---|
| I | Practices with risk of accidents, which can carry associated emissions, on the outside of the site, capable of producing serious deterministic effects on the health of people. | Nuclear Reactors of Power exceeding 100 MW employed in nuclear propulsion ships. |
| II |
| Nuclear Reactors of Power less than 100 MW employed in nuclear propulsion ships. |
|
III | Practices at risk of accidents with limited site consequences, in which dose thresholds could be exceeded corresponding to the occurrence of deterministic effects on the health of people. They do not present significant radiological risks outside the site. | Nuclear fuel cycle facilities: |
| IV | Practices or activities with small or unknown risks *** for the health of the people. It includes all types of situations in which there is a radiological risk in unregulated activities. | Low-activity radioactive waste storage and management facilities. |
| V | Activities where interventions might be needed related to the restriction of food, or consumer goods, in the event of accidents occurring outside the national territory. | Facilities located in other countries, in which a hypothetical accident may involve radiological consequences in some part of the national territory |
* The transition in the application of the PLABEN to the application of this Guideline in these facilities will be carried out at a time to determine between the authorization of the dismantling and the declaration of closure of the installation, previous Report of the Nuclear Safety Board and based on the analysis of the risks of such installation.
** Depending on the dose that may be caused to the affected persons and/or inventory of existing radioactive materials.
*** In certain circumstances the risks associated with these activities may involve significant risks to people's health.
ANNEX II
Definitions
Accident: An inadvertent event that, either by human error, equipment failure or other causes, produces actual or potential consequences that require the application of protective measures.
Nuclear or radiological accident: unintended use occurring in an activity or a nuclear or radioactive installation, which gives or may give rise to uncontrolled exposure to ionising radiation, by irradiation or pollution, to people, goods or the environment.
Nuclear or radiological attack: An intentional act against a nuclear or radioactive installation or activity, or perpetrated using nuclear or radioactive material for the purpose of causing intimidation or damage to persons, to the environment environment or property.
Current: Person attached to an Emergency Plan that exercises the functions assigned to it, in case of emergency.
radioactive contamination: undesirable presence of radioactive substances in a material, surface or medium, any or in person, from radioactive material released in a nuclear or radiological accident. In the particular case of the human body, this contamination may be external or skin, when it has been deposited on the outer surface, or internal when it penetrates the organism by any means of incorporation (inhalation, ingestion, percutaneous, etc.).
Decontamination: Disposal or reduction of radioactive contamination of persons, equipment, vehicles, etc., by appropriate procedures.
Absorbed dose (D): Energy absorbed per unit of mass. D = dε/dm, where dε is the average energy imparted by the ionizing radiation to the material in a volume element and dm is the mass of the material contained in said volume element. Your unit of measurement in the international system (YES) is the Gray (Gy).
Collective Dosage: With reference to a given organ or the whole body, equivalent doses received by members of a collectivity during the same period of time.
Effective dose (E): Sum of the weighted equivalent doses in all tissues and organs of the body specified in Annex II to the Regulation on Health Protection against Ionising Radiation (Royal Decree 783/2001, of 6 July), due to external and internal irradiations. Estimated using the formula:
|
|
TH = |
| W |
| WRDT, R | T |
| T | R |
where, DT, R is the absorbed dose averaged over the tissue or T organ from the radiation R; WR is the weighting factor of the radiation, and WT is the tissue weighting factor of the tissue or organ T. The appropriate values for WT and WR are specified in Annex II to the Regulation on Health Protection against Ionising Radiation.
Equivalent dose (HT): absorbed dose, in tissue or organ T, weighted according to type and quality of radiation R. Comes given by formula:
HTR = WR DT, R
being, DT, R the absorbed dose averaged over tissue or T organ, originating from the R radiation, and WR the weighting factor of the radiation. When the radiation field is composed of types and energies with different values of WR the total equivalent dose is given by the formula:
|
T = |
|
WR • DT, R |
|
|
The appropriate values for WR are specified in Annex II of the Regulation on Health Protection against Ionizing Radiation. Your unit of measurement in the SI is the Sievert (Sv).
Avoidable dose: When it comes to expressing the net benefit of a protective action aimed at reducing the risk of stochastic effects, the magnitude of interest is the dose that can be saved in the duration of the protective action. protective action. The avoidable dose unit is the Sievert (Sv).
Individual dose: With reference to a given organ or the whole body, dose absorbed by an individual over a certain period of time.
Projected dose: It is the appropriate magnitude to express the risk of deterministic effects, i.e. the total dose received by all pathways over a period of time counted from the accident. The projected dose unit is the Gray (Gy).
deterministic effects: These are those that are characterized by manifesting, usually, shortly after exposure and there is an effective dose threshold below which they do not manifest at all.
Stochastic effects: These are those that do not manifest themselves but many years after the initial exposure. There is no threshold dose below which they cannot be caused, but the likelihood of them appearing in an individual, or one of their descendants, increases with the dose received.
Radiological Effect: A somatic or genetic type of Consequence that manifests itself in people or in their offspring, respectively, by being subjected to the exposure of ionizing radiation.
Exercise: It consists in activating a part of the organization, with the fundamental object of familiarizing the participants in the same with the equipment and the techniques that they must use. It aims to verify the appropriate training of the participating staff.
Nuclear or radiological emergency: Situation requiring urgent measures to protect workers, members of the public or the population, in part or in part, to prevent or reduce adverse effects of ionising radiation.
Exposure: Action and effect of subjecting, or undergoing, ionising radiations, synonymous with irradiation. It can be external, when the organism is exposed to sources outside of it or internal, when the organism is exposed to internal sources to it.
Emergency exposure: Voluntary exposure of persons who carry out urgent action necessary to provide assistance to persons in distress, to prevent the exposure of a large number of persons or to save an installation or property valuable, which could involve overcoming some of the individual dose limits established for exposed workers.
Source or sources of radiation: Aparate, radioactive substance or installation that emits or is capable of emitting ionising radiation.
Installation or regulated activity: Installation or activity that usually uses nuclear or radioactive substances and is therefore subject to the authorisation regime that establishes nuclear legislation in general and in The Regulation of Nuclear and Radiactive Facilities.
Non-regulated installation or activity: Installation or activity that does not use nuclear or radioactive substances and is therefore not subject to the authorisation regime that establishes nuclear legislation in general and in The Regulation on Nuclear and Radioactive Facilities, but in which the substances referred to above, such as processing facilities for metal material, customs, may occasionally appear inadvertently or out of control. etc.
Intervention: Human activity that prevents or reduces the exposure of people to radiation from sources that are not part of a practice or that are out of control, acting on sources, transfer paths, and the people themselves.
Radioactive material: A person containing substances that emit ionising radiation, in concentration or activity greater than the corresponding level of exemption established by the competent authority.
Means: All the human and material elements, essentially mobile, which are incorporated into the action groups in the face of an emergency, which will allow the tasks considered in the plans to be more effective. Civil Protection, provided for in each case.
Dose levels. They are indicators to ensure radiation protection and to facilitate the radiological control of the intervention staff, depending on the tasks assigned to them.
Intervention levels: These are reference values of certain radiological magnitudes from which the application of a protective measure is considered appropriate.
Intervention staff: A term that encompasses all personnel who are required to intervene in the area affected by a nuclear or radiological emergency. It includes the actuants of the radiological emergency plans and that other staff not attached to these plans who may have to act.
Population effectively affected: The population for which protective measures will be taken from the moment a nuclear or radiological emergency occurs.
Population that may be affected: All population for which an emergency plan is adopted.
Ionizing radiation: A generic name to designate radiations of a corpuscular or electromagnetic nature that in their interaction with matter produce ions, either directly or indirectly.
Resources: All natural and artificial elements, essentially static, whose availability makes possible or improves the work developed in an emergency.
Radiological risk: Probability of occurrence of a radiological effect.
Drill: A simulated activation of a plan in order to assess the operability of the plan and take appropriate corrective action or review the plan.
Radioactive substance: Substance containing one or more radionuclides and whose activity or concentration cannot be despised from the point of view of radiation protection.
Intervention zone: a geographical area in which any action or protective measure must be carried out in order to avoid or mitigate the consequences of a nuclear or radiological accident.
ANNEX III
Protective measures
All actions aimed at preventing or mitigating the immediate and deferred consequences on the health of the affected population and the intervention staff in the event of a disaster are considered as protective measures. radiological emergency.
The consequences of this type of accident are related to the exposure of people to radiation. The exposure can be external or internal and can be received by multiple paths. The external exposure is caused by the radionuclides in the form of aerosol present in the cloud and by the radionuclides of the cloud that are deposited in the soil and in the clothes and skin of the people. The internal exposure is caused by the inhalation of radioactive substances from the cloud or the resuspension from contaminated surfaces, and by the ingestion of contaminated water and food. The nature of the radiation and the routes of exposure greatly condition the protective measures to be taken.
Depending on the urgency with which they are to be applied and the length of time to be applied, the protective measures are classified as: "urgent measures" and "long-term measures".
1. Urgent protection measures-The term "urgent" is used to describe the protective actions that need to be taken quickly to be effective and whose effectiveness would be significantly reduced in the event of a delay. Decision-making on the adoption of these measures is to be carried out in a short time and on the basis of predictions on the evolution of the accident, since information on the magnitude and nature of the accident in these first cases is generally available. moments is scarce.
These are actions aimed at protecting the population effectively affected by the accident and the intervention staff, and aim to prevent deterministic health effects and reduce the likelihood of stochastics as much as it is reasonable to get.
They are measures that are, in principle, conceived to be applied over a short period of time.
Within urgent protective measures, there are three main ones that define the situations in which an emergency is classified: confinement, radiological prophylaxis, and evacuation. The remaining urgent protection measures are complementary to the previous ones: access control, self-protection and self-protection of intervention personnel, animal housing, decontamination of people.
The protection measure for food and water control is defined in the long-term measures section, although it can be adopted as a preventive measure, as an urgent measure, during the initial and intermediate phase of a emergency.
A. Confinement: It consists in the permanence of the population either in their homes, or in buildings close to the places where the adoption of the measure is announced, in order to avoid external exposure to the cloud. radioactive material and the material deposited in the soil, and the internal inhalation exposure of the radioactive substances. In addition, this measure serves as a means of controlling the population and facilitating the implementation of other protective measures such as evacuation and radiological prophylaxis.
The effectiveness of this measure depends on the type of construction of the buildings and can be improved if it is applied in conjunction with some of the measures of citizen self-protection, thus increasing the tightness of the buildings. buildings.
The advantages of confinement, as a protective measure, are related to the moment of implantation in relation to the phase of the accident and to the magnitude and radioisotopic composition of the emission.
After a period of time spent in the buildings, and once the cloud has passed, ventilation is necessary in order that the concentration of radionuclides in the air, which will have increased inside the buildings, will descend to the levels of the outside air, already relatively clean.
B. Radiation prophylaxis: It consists in the ingestion of stable chemical compounds which have a reducing effect on the selective absorption of certain radionuclides by certain organs. Both iodide and potassium iodate are effective compounds that reduce the absorption of radioactive iodine by the thyroid gland.
To achieve the maximum reduction in the dose of radiation to the thyroid, iodine must be supplied before any incorporation of radioactive iodine and, in any case as soon as possible after such incorporation. Although the effectiveness of this measure decreases with delay, it is possible to reduce the absorption of radioactive iodine by the thyroid by half, approximately, if the iodine is administered after a few hours of inhalation.
Ingestion of iodine at recommended doses does not present a risk to the majority of the population; however, there may be iodine-sensitive persons and side effects, which in all cases are minor. importance.
The risk of side effects, which is reduced in the case of a single administration, will increase with the number of administrations. Therefore, provided that other alternatives are available, this action should not be repeated as the main protective means against ingestion of food contaminated by radioactive iodine.
Ingestion of iodine should be performed according to the instructions of the health authorities.
C. Evacuation: The evacuation consists of the movement of the population effectively affected by the passage of the radioactive cloud, gathering it and housing it in appropriate places not exposed, for a short period of time.
Evacuation can be performed at the various stages of an accident. It is highly effective, in order to avoid exposure to radiation, when it is possible to adopt it as a precautionary measure before there has been an emission of radioactive substances or, if the emission has already begun, when the evacuation is carried out. within unaffected zones.
D. Access control: The establishment of access controls to areas affected by a radiological emergency is always justified. The adoption of this measure allows: to reduce the collective dose, to reduce the spread of possible contamination and to monitor and control the personnel who intervene in the emergency and to enter or leave the affected areas.
E. Citizen self-protection and self-protection of the intervention staff: Self-protection is understood as the set of actions and measures taken to prevent or reduce the exposure of radiation and the surface contamination or inhalation of particles dispersed in the air.
F. Decontamination of persons: When radioactive material is dispersed, the decontamination of persons and equipment and means that are contaminated will be necessary. The adoption of this measure avoids the increase of the individual dose and the spread of contamination to other people or places, which would increase the collective dose.
G. Animal housing: This measure aims to protect people and their property through the confinement and food control of animals that somehow enter the food chain, in order to reduce the spread of animals. of possible contamination.
The adoption of this measure is not a priority, during the emergency, when its implementation may cause delay in the implementation of other measures (confinement, evacuation, etc.).
2. Long-term measures. The purpose of long-term protection measures is, in general, to reduce the risk of stochastic effects on the health of the exposed population and of genetic effects in later generations.
Long-duration measures are defined because, although they are measures of the final phase that is beyond the scope of this Basic Guideline, actions can be taken or planned during the emergency phase. characteristics of the recovery phase.
Among the long-term protection measures are: food and water control, decontamination of areas, temporary relocation (medium-term shelter) and permanent transfer (rehoming).
A. Food and water control: It is a set of actions that aim to prevent the ingestion of radioactive material contained in products that enter the food chain.
When an area has been affected by radioactive material (or contaminated water) it is recommended, as a first measure, to prohibit the consumption of some food and water, as well as feed, and to replace them with other sources. of areas not affected, until the results of the analysis of those areas are available. After knowing such results, it may be decided: normal consumption, restricted or deferred consumption, treatment, mixing with other foods, or total prohibition.
The adoption of restrictions on the consumption of some food and water can be carried out, as a preventive measure, during the emergency phase in the areas affected by the radioactive cloud.
The definitive adoption of these protective measures will be carried out in the light of the levels of action determined by the Nuclear Safety Council for each case, which will consider the maximum permitted levels of radioactive contamination. for these products, following a radiological emergency, fixed by the European Union.
B. Decontamination of areas: Decontamination can be considered both a protective measure and a recovery measure. The protection measures are intended for the population effectively affected and the intervention staff, while the recovery measures are directed primarily towards the physical environment and the restoration of normal living conditions. Its purpose is to reduce: (a) external irradiation due to the radioactive substances deposited, (b) the transmission of radioactive substances to humans, animals and food, (c) the resuspension and dispersion of radioactive substances.
The optimal level of intervention should be established by taking stock of the value of the collective dose avoided by the decontamination and costs of the disposal, including those for waste management and corresponding to the doses received by the staff carrying out this measure.
C. Temporary transfer (half-duration hostel) and permanent transfer (rehousing): This is called the transfer of the population which, after the passage of the radioactive cloud, is subjected to exposures due to radioactive substances deposited on the ground and inhalation of radioactive particles dispersed in the air.
A distinction is made between temporary transfer (half-duration shelter) and permanent transfer (rehoming) depending on the provisional or definitive nature of the new settlement.
ANNEX IV
Intervention levels
1. Intervention levels for urgent protective measures:
| Effective Dose | Equivalent dose | |
|---|---|---|
|
| (a) (d) | (a) (d) |
| (b) | - | |
|
Prophylaxis | 100 (thyroid) | |
|
| 50 (c) | - |
(a) Generically justified and optimized avoidable individual dose values.
(b) avoidable dose in a period of confinement not exceeding two days. For shorter periods, confinement to lower levels of intervention may be recommended to facilitate other protective measures, such as evacuation.
(c) avoidable dose in a period not exceeding one week. Evacuation may be taken at lower levels of intervention, for shorter periods or when the evacuation can be carried out quickly and easily (e.g. small population groups). Higher levels of intervention may be appropriate in case of special populations (patients in hospitals, the elderly, etc.), adverse weather conditions or other (natural or technological) additional risks, or large population groups.
(d) The avoidable dose values refer to the average representative sample of the population, and not to the most exposed individuals. However, the projected doses to the groups of individuals suffering the highest exposures should be reduced to lower values than those corresponding to deterministic effects reflected in the following table:
Deterministic effects manifestation thresholds in case of acute exposure
| or fabric | Projected absorbed dose to the organ or fabric in less than two days (Gy) |
|---|---|
|
body (bone marrow) | 1 |
|
| |
|
Skin | 3 |
|
thyroid | 5 |
|
2 | |
|
| 3 |
Note: When considering the justification and optimization of actual performance levels for immediate protection purposes, consideration should be given to the possibility of deterministic effects on the fetus for doses greater than 0.1 Gy, approximately (received over a period of less than 2 days).
2. Intervention levels for long-term measures: Half-duration and rehoming shelter:
|
Measure | avoidable Effective Dose (mSv) |
|---|---|
|
| (a) |
|
Host (temporary move). | 30 in the first month |
|
| 10 in the month next (b) |
|
Rehousing (permanent move). | (c) |
(a) Total doses caused by all routes of exposure that can be avoided by adopting the protective measure, although food and water will normally be excluded.
(b) Generic optimized intervention levels for the start and termination of the half-duration hostel are 30 mSv for the first month and 10 mSv for the following month.
(c) Rehousing will be considered when:
1. The cumulative dose in one month is not expected to fall below 10 mSv after one or two years of the start of the temporary shipment, or when
2. The dose projected over a lifetime exceeds 1 Sv.
3. Intervention levels for water, food and feed: Restrictions on food consumption are generally not considered to be urgent protective measures in the form of confinement, radiological prophylaxis and evacuation, as they are not considered to be Until the radionuclides enter the food chain, a certain time elapses. Furthermore, it is highly unlikely that in the initial moments of the accident the drinking water supplies could be significantly contaminated as a result of the emission of radioactive material into the atmosphere. However, during the emergency phase, and until environmental pollution measures are available, it will be possible, as a preventive measure, to prohibit the consumption of food and water produced in the area affected by the passage of the radioactive cloud. In addition, there are some counter-measures in agriculture that need to be implemented in a timely manner to be effective, such as the closure of greenhouse ventilation systems and animal housing to prevent contamination by the cloud. radioactive.
The definitive adoption of these protective measures will be carried out on the basis of the levels of intervention which, for each case, will be determined by the Nuclear Safety Council which will consider the maximum permitted levels of pollution. radioactive food and feed, following a radiological emergency, as fixed by the European Union.
ANNEX V
Classification of intervention staff and dose levels
Personnel with specific emergency missions will be subject to a dose control and special medical surveillance. These controls will apply to all intervention staff, which includes both the workers acting in the facility and the actuators of the external response level plans.
The dosimetric control of the intervention staff will be performed considering the classification of the intervention staff in the following groups:
Group 1: Personnel who are required to take urgent action at the site of the accident to save lives, prevent serious injury or to avoid an aggravation of the accident, such that it could cause considerable doses to the public.
The director of the emergency, through the radiological group, will make every effort to maintain the dose levels of this personnel below the threshold for the occurrence of serious health effects, reflected in the table: "Threshold of manifestation of deterministic effects in case of acute exposure", of Annex 4, to this Guideline. By way of exception, and to save human lives, these values can be overcome.
People who are going to do these jobs could receive doses higher than the individual dose limits for exposed workers laid down in the Health Protection Regulation against Ionising Radiation, Therefore, they should be voluntary and should be excluded from pregnant women.
Group 2: Personnel involved in the implementation of urgent protective measures and other actions for the protection of the population.
The director of the emergency, through the radiological group, will make every reasonable effort to reduce the dose to this staff below the annual maximum dose limit for the exposure in a single year, set at the Health Protection Regulation against Ionising Radiation at 50mSv effective dose.
Group 3: Personnel performing recovery operations, once the situation has been fully controlled after the accident and essential services have been restored at the site.
The radiation protection system associated with the practices should be applied, and the doses should be kept below the dose limits for exposed workers established in the Health Protection Regulation. Ionising Radiation.
ANNEX VI
Take Action Zones
The action zones will be established according to the following radiological criteria:
Application area for urgent measures: From the radiological point of view this area is characterized in that there may be an exposure level of more than 5 mSv/h.
Alert Zone: From the radiological point of view this zone is characterized in that there may be an exposure level greater than 100 μSv/h.
When a radiological characterization is not available, the following criteria shall be met to determine the scope and dimensions of the zones:
A) Risk Focus located in a closed enclosure:
The area of application of urgent measures will be the area within the enclosure itself, or area of the building, in which the risk focus is located. The enclosure extends to the first isolatable point of the service systems that go through their physical boundaries.
The alert zone will be the rest of the building where the risk focus and its yew are located.
The free zone will be the outside of the alert zone.
B) Risk Focus located in an open space:
The area of application of urgent measures will be the circle whose center is the focus of risk and whose radius is 100 m.
The alert zone will be the circular crown whose center is the risk focus and whose internal radius is 100 m and the external one is 200 m.
The free zone will be the outside of the alert zone.
