Key Benefits:
Minister of Ecology, Sustainable Development, Transport and Housing,
Considering the International Civil Aviation Convention signed in Chicago on 7 December 1944, published by the Decree No. 47-974 of 31 May 1947, together with the protocols that amended it, including the Protocol of 30 September 1977 concerning the authentic quadrilingual text of the said Convention;
Considering the transport code;
Considering the Civil Aviation Code;
Having regard to the March 29, 1999 licence and qualifications of flight crew member (FCL1);
After the advice of the Professional Airworthiness Staff Council in its session on June 17, 2011,
Stop it!
(2) of subsection FCL1. 261 of the schedule to the above-mentioned Order of March 29, 1999 is thus completed:
"An order from the Minister for Civil Aviation specifies the conditions for approval for aircraft-type training."
The conditions for approval for flight-type training are set out in the annex to this Order.
The provisions of this Order come into force on 1 October 2011.
The Director of Civil Aviation Security is responsible for the execution of this Order, which will be published in the Official Journal of the French Republic.
A N N E X E
CONDITIONS D'APPROBATION D'UN COURS
DE QUALIFICATION DE TYPE AVION
Training programme
1. Type qualification
1.1. To obtain its approval, a type qualification course, as far as possible, must be enrolled in a continuous ground training process, on a flight simulation training device (Flight Simulation Training Devices, FSTD) and in flight. The purpose is to allow the trainee to assimilate the knowledge and skills necessary to effectively and safely operate a specific type of aircraft. The intern's capacity is validated by the demonstration of a satisfactory level of theoretical knowledge related to the aircraft through continuous monitoring of knowledge assimilation and a theoretical test conducted by the flight training organization (Flight Training Organisation, FTO) or the type qualification training organization (Type Rating Training Organisation, TRTO) during the flight training. He must also demonstrate his ability through the success of the practical fitness test for the type qualification sought with an authorized examiner.
The level of knowledge or proficiency required for the trainee must be the same level as the pilot-in-command, co-pilot or flight mechanic.
1.2. The type qualification training should normally be conducted in a single full-time training course. However, as part of a training called Mixed Fleet Flying (MFF) for the same operator, as set out in the operating rules, some parts of the theoretical knowledge course may be independently studied by the trainee while continuing to pilot the aircraft on which he is currently qualified.
Except in the case of MFFs, it is not acceptable that flight training on the new type can take place while the trainee continues the flights on an aircraft of another type.
2. Variants training
2.1. Familiarization courses: when aeroplane type qualification provides variants within the same type qualification that require a familiarization course, additional familiarization training may be included in the theoretical training of the initial type qualification course. The flight training shall be carried out entirely on a single variant of the type qualification.
2.2. Difference training: where a type qualification provides variants that require training in differences, the initial training course will only have one variant. Complementary training to change variants within the same type qualification shall be carried out only after the successful completion of the initial type qualification course, although elements of the differences training may be undertaken at appropriate stages of the initial course, after approval by the competent authority. The content of the differential training for the operation of the variants in the same type qualification shall be subject to the approval of the competent authority, either as a separate course or as part of the initial qualification training of the aircraft type.
3. Theoretical training programme
and flight training
3.1. The training program must specify the number of hours devoted to the theoretical training program, STD training and if it is not approved for training, as part of a zero flight time training (Zero Flight Time Training, ZFTT) in accordance with Appendix 1 to FCL1.261 (c) (2), on the aircraft.
The training program is evaluated according to the conditions of approval by the competent authority. To begin the initial course for the type qualification, the trainee shall have the minimum qualification level and experience, in accordance with the FCL1.250, 1.251 and 1.255 as applicable.
For a first type qualification on multi-pilot aeroplane, the course must also provide for the strengthening of crew training adapted to the type or variant.
3.2. If a TRTO offers a training course reduced by taking into account the candidate's experience on similar types of aircraft, having in common systems or operating procedures with the new type, it must specify the conditions for admission to these courses and define the minimum level of experience and qualification required for the trainee as a crew member when entering the training course. This device requires authority approval.
3.3. A TRTO is authorized to subcontract certain parts of the training to an external training provider. In this case, the subcontracting body must normally be approved by the competent authority of a Member State to be able to deliver the training. When the subcontracting organization is not approved under these conditions, the OTR must include a process of approval by the authority in the contract with the outside agency, so that the level of training delivered meets the same requirements as those of an approved organization. In addition, the TRTO is required to conduct a follow-up of trainees' progress and establish adequate quality management or delegate these obligations to the subcontracting organization that wishes to be approved. In this case, the subcontracting organization retains responsibility for all courses.
Ground training
4. Programme
The ground training program must enable the trainee to acquire the necessary knowledge of the operation, implementation of aircraft systems, abnormal and emergency procedures of all aircraft systems. This training must also include systems essential to the aircraft's conduct, for example: the fly by wire flight control system, to allow the trainee to gain a sufficient understanding of the operating limits of these systems.
5. Theoretical training
The theoretical training must meet at least the following general objectives and give the trainee:
(a) In-depth knowledge of the structure of the aeroplane, motorization, systems and limitations, including weight and centre, performance and study of flight planning;
(b) Knowledge of the organization and operation of the cockpit, controls and indicators to enable the implementation of the aircraft and its systems;
(c) An understanding of system malfunctions, their effects on aircraft operation and possible interactions with other systems;
(d) Understanding normal, abnormal and emergency procedures.
6. Installation and training aids
The TRTO must provide the necessary facilities for classroom education and have trained and experienced instructors. Training aids must enable trainees to gain practical experience in the operation of the theoretical knowledge program systems and, in the case of multi-pilot aircraft, to allow the practical application of knowledge in multi-pilot environment. Facilities must allow trainees to study by themselves outside the formal training program.
7. Computer-assisted training (CBT)
The CBT is a theoretical teaching tool that allows the trainee to progress at its own pace without time constraints. The majority of these systems deliver the entire program, the progression of learning is conditioned by the trainee's satisfactory assimilation of knowledge. These systems can allow self-learning or distance-learning when they integrate adequate knowledge tests. When the CBT is used as part of the theoretical training, the trainee must be able to use a qualified instructor if he/she encounters difficulties.
8. Distance training and training
Part of the theoretical knowledge program can be taught either by distance training or by self-training, if approved (see paragraph 1.2), especially by computer-assisted training (CBT). Each self-training program must be valued in a scheduled time and contain a progress test performed either by self-assessment or by an instructor. If theoretical knowledge is taught by self-training or distance-training, the program must include a sufficiently supervised period for the consolidation and verification of knowledge before the start of flight training.
9. Progress tests and final examination
of the theoretical phase
9.1. The theoretical training programme must ensure a progressive assimilation of the required knowledge. To this end, the verification of the correct assimilation of knowledge must be carried out by a qualified instructor or in the case of the CBT with synthetic questions that allow the trainee to validate his understanding of the subject matter. This process must also include a final module test to validate the acquisition of the required knowledge.
9.2. The final review should cover all areas of the theoretical program. The final exam must be a written test. It must be conducted without documentary assistance to the aircraft systems parties. A minimum of 75% of good answers is required for each party. If this minimum is not met, the trainee must be informed of this and must follow a further training on unacquired knowledge in the failed part. The intern must re-examine the failed part.
9.3. The theoretical training must have been completed in a complete and satisfactory manner and the successful final examination in order to continue practical training in the flight of the type qualification.
Flight training
10. Flight Simulation Training System (FSTD)
10.1. The purpose of the DDS is to ensure the most effective flight training, allowing the realistic setting of all possible abnormal and emergency procedures in a safe and easily controlled environment both by the trainee and the instructor.
For multi-pilot aircraft, they also enable the integration of crew resource management processes (Crew Resource Management, CRM) and crew work (Multi Crew Cooperation, MCC) at all stages of training. The competent authority shall approve a type qualification training on a non-TD multi-pilot aircraft only in exceptional circumstances.
10.2. The duration of the training on MSDS depends on the complexity of the aircraft used and to some extent on the pilot's experience. Except for the courses taking into account the experience (paragraph 3.2), the training on MSDS shall have a minimum of thirty-two hours for a multi-pilot crew, including at least sixteen hours on flight simulator (Full Flight Simulator, FFS) in a multi-pilot operation. The simulator flight training time (FFS) may be reduced at the discretion of the competent authority, if the other approved TDDS used for the flight training program accurately reproduce the flight plan, the cockpit implementation and the flying qualities.
These MSDS typically have computer flight management training equipment (Flight Management Computer, FMC) using computer hardware and software identical to that of the aircraft.
11. Flight simulator training
11.1. With the exception of courses approved for ZFTT training, training for certain exercises normally involving take-off and landing in various configurations must be carried out on aeroplane rather than on approved flight simulator. For multi-pilot aircraft, if the intern has more than five hundred hours of MPA experience on aircraft of similar dimensions and performance, these exercises must include at least four landings, of which at least one must be a complete landing. In all other cases, the intern must carry out at least six landings. With the agreement of the competent authority, this training on aeroplane, provided that it does not exceed two hours, may be carried out after the trainee completed his FSTD training and passed the practical fitness test for the type qualification.
11.2. Courses approved in ZFTT.
(a) During the specific simulator session prior to the start of the online adaptation (AEL), it must be taken into account different variations in the parameters, for example:
– the surface condition of the runway;
- the length of the runway;
- the turning of the shutters;
- the power displayed;
the presence of turbulence and winds of the cross;
– the maximum structure mass at takeoff and landing.
Landings must be complete landings. The session must be conducted under normal conditions.
Particular attention must be paid to the roll.
(b) A training method, approved by the competent authority, must ensure that the trainee is able to conduct the aeroplane's pre-flight visit without supervision.
(c) The AEL must be performed as soon as possible after the specific simulator session.
(d) The reference to the licence must be entered after the practical fitness test for the type qualification, but before the completion of the first flights. The first four pilot take-offs and landings will be carried out under the supervision of a TRI. In this case, the competent authority shall include on the licence any provisional or temporary mention and any restrictions.
(e) When a specific agreement has been reached between the training agency and the EU-OPS operator, the proficiency check (Operator Proficiency Check, OPC) and the ZFTT training must be conducted according to the operator's standard operating procedures (Standard Operational Procedures, SOPs).
12. Flight training without simulator
12.1. Flight training conducted exclusively on aeroplane without using FSTD does not cover the CRM and MCC aspects of MPA flight training and, for safety reasons, does not cover all abnormal and emergency operations required for training and practical fitness test for type qualification. In such cases, FTOs or TRTOs must demonstrate to the competent authority that adequate training on these aspects is provided by other means. When the training is conducted on a multi-pilot aircraft where two pilots are trained together without a flight simulator, a minimum of eight flight hours as a PF is required. For single-pilot aircraft training, ten flight hours are normally required. It is recognized that for some single or multi-engine aircraft not equipped with systems such as pressurization, FMS or electronic cockpit, this minimum may be reduced to the discretion of the competent authority. For multi-engine aircraft, the minimum training required by JAR-FCL 1.261 (b) (2) must be required.
12.2. Training on aeroplane involves time-frames inherent in the realization of an acceptable flight situation or configuration corresponding to the training to be carried out in accordance with the approved program. These may include ATC constraints (Air Traffic Control), delays due to ground traffic before take-off, the need to reach safety altitudes for the conduct of appropriate training exercises or areas. It may be a matter of physically repositioning the aircraft or repeating manoeuvres or instrument approaches. In this case, the competent authority shall ensure that the training program is adapted to these hazards and that it contains the minimum hours required for training.
13. Practical aptitude test
Upon completion of the flight training, the trainee is present at the practical fitness test for the type qualification with an authorized examiner. It must demonstrate sufficient proficiency in the operation of the aircraft for the issuance of the type qualification. The practical fitness test is distinct from the flight training program, and its provisions are not included in the minimum requirements and training hours of the approved flight training program. The practical fitness test is performed on flight simulator, aircraft or, in exceptional circumstances, on both.
14. Certificate of completion of training
The pedagogical officer must certify that the training was completed in a complete and satisfactory manner prior to the presentation of the candidate for the practical fitness test of the type sought. It is possible that an approved TRTO will not be able to ensure full supervision of the course, in the event that flight training is conducted by a third party such as the operator. In this case, and with the agreement of the competent authority, the TRTO training certificate may be issued to confirm the completion of the ground training and on synthetic flight simulator. The end-of-training certificate must then be issued by the organization in charge of this part of the training. This is a requirement for the issuance of the type qualification. The period between two training phases shall not exceed sixty days, otherwise a supplementary training determined by the competent authority shall be required.
Done on 3 July 2011.
For the Minister and by delegation:
Director of Security
Civil Aviation,
F. Rousse
