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Law Against Acts Of Terrorism

Original Language Title: Ley contra actos de terrorismo

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Law against acts of terrorism


Document: Law against acts of terrorism
Type of document: Law
Date of issue: 20/12/2001
Number of Legal Instrument: 93
Broadcaster: National Assembly of People's Power
Date of entry to the repository: 17/06/2016
Source:
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RICARDO ALARCON DE QUESADA , President of the National Assembly of the People's Power of the Republic of Cuba.

I DO KNOW That the National Assembly of People's Power in session held on December 20, 2001, corresponding to the Eighth Regular Session of the Fifth Legislature, has approved the following:

FOUNDATION

This Law is based on profound ethical and political convictions that have always inspired the Cuban Revolution and constitutes an express manifestation of our determination to reject and condemn, with concrete legal measures, the methods and terrorist practices.

The people of Cuba have, moreover, unquestionable moral authority to do so because they have been victims of such crimes for more than forty years and because, despite the high cost that has meant the death and injury of thousands of their children, as well as the moral and material damages of enormous transcendence that he has suffered, he has faced them at all times with legitimate resources and not through war, which, by its nature and results, is a form of terrorism that decidedly repudiates.

At the same time, the provisions contained in the international instruments recognized by the United Nations as conventions on the fight against terrorism, of which our country is a country, are being respected. In addition, the National Assembly of the People's Power (National Assembly of the People's Power) has ratified in an extraordinary session.

The Law includes two Titles, ten Chapters, twenty-eight Articles, one Special Provision and three Final Provisions.

The text does not define terrorism in any way, but it does express its general characteristics and, in particular, different acts that typify this criminal activity. To this effect, the details have been used as a basis for different manifestations of terrorism, establishing the Conventions and International Agreements referred to above, as well as some figures contained in the Penal Code in force in our country. country, which by its nature and specific characteristics has proved necessary to include in order to reaffirm its character as acts of terrorism, in assessing those of such a nature defined in those instruments and in order to avoid duplicity of rules Similar legal.

Special attention is given to the different ways of carrying out this activity and within it to those related to chemical or biological agents, which in recent times are of particular interest in the international community and which have been We have been working against Cuba on several occasions for years and causing loss of human life and substantial material damage to our people.

The general provisions also include certain rules, which, by virtue of our substantive criminal law, are essential for specific criminal figures to be recorded, in order for them to have a virtue or application, such as: The Court of the Court of the European Court of the European Court of the European Court of

It is also important that the rule establishing the freezing or freezing of funds and other financial assets or assets or economic resources of the accused, regardless of their degree of participation in the punishable act, is also important. persons and entities acting on behalf of the defendants and entities under their control.

The General Party of the Penal Code and the Military Crimes Law are complementary in this Law, avoiding the repetition of numerous provisions, and the laws of Criminal Procedure and Criminal Procedure, in order to give the special character of This legislation will clearly reaffirm the procedural rules governing its application.

As questions to be mentioned, there are the rules on the effectiveness of the space of these, in establishing, for the purposes of their punishment, that the facts referred to in the law are considered committed in Cuban territory whether the guilty party does in this preparatory or implementing act, even if the effects have occurred abroad, as if they are carried out in foreign territory and their effects are produced in Cuba. Also the recognition of the value of firm sentences handed down by foreign courts, for the purpose that the Cuban courts can appreciate the recidivism and the multipurpose.

It is noteworthy that the Special Special Provision, which instructs the Government to conclude agreements and agreements with the States willing to promote international cooperation in different and substantial aspects, in the fight to prevent, repress and eradicate terrorism.

The following aspects have been carefully observed in the setting of penalties for each offence:

  1. to respect, as far as possible, the penalty scales set out in the Criminal Code and not to create any other different ones, because it would be unnecessary and create inconsistencies between criminal figures of similar gravity in both legal texts;
  1. establish the penalties for the highest level of penalties for crimes of very serious results (death, serious injury and damage of considerable importance or significance)

The text uses expressions taken from the aforementioned international instruments that have served as a basis, and Article 4 thus establishes it, and is not obliged to reproduce them in full in the body of the Law, which would be It is inconvenient for its extension; instead they are detailed in annexes.

Other expressions that appear in the text not specified in their significance and scope in the international instruments referred to are subject to what is determined in the relevant legislation in force in our country.

The passage of the Law against Acts of Terrorism at this very moment, also responds to the current situation in the world and means another important step, of a legal nature, in the battle of ideas in which the Cuban people are engaged.

AS FOR: The Cuban people have been the victims of numerous acts of terrorism that have caused serious human harm and moral and material damage for more than forty years.

AS FOR: Cuba bases its protection against the terrorist actions in its defense system that is based on the inestimable participation and support of all the people, and it has as essential premise the prevention of such acts, in order to prevent its harmful consequences, both in our territory and in any part of the world.

AS FOR: The international community, through different legal instruments of which the Cuban State is a party, has agreed to link its efforts in the interests of a more coordinated and effective confrontation to the different ways in which the terrorism.

AS FOR: The National Assembly of People's Power, representing the people of Cuba:

  • Rejects and condemns terrorist acts, methods and practices, as criminal and unjustifiable, wherever and wherever the comet and whatever its motives are, including those that endanger relations between States and the peoples, and threaten and threaten the territorial integrity, peace and security of the States. Terrorism turns out to be a dangerous and ethically indefensible phenomenon that must be eradicated.
  • It reaffirms its unwavering decision to never allow the territory of the Cuban State to be used to organize, instigate, support or execute terrorist actions and the firm willingness to cooperate with all countries in order to preventing and repressing acts of terrorism.
  • It strongly supports its decision not to allow the entry into the national territory of persons who, according to the laws of our country, qualify as terrorists.
  • It repudiates war as a method of fighting and combating terrorism, considering that its aftermath of death and destruction, instead of concentrating on the terrorists themselves, fundamentally affects innocent people and the people. indefenso, whose living conditions aggravate the destruction of its economic and social infrastructure. The war deepens the causes and conditions that generate terrorism.
  • It ratifies its decision to continue its struggle for peace, and its purpose for friendship and collaboration among all States, peoples and civilizations, framed in respect of the principles of sovereignty and independence and the rules of law International, be the basis for joining the efforts and enhancing the cooperation of all countries in their fight against terrorism.
  • Recognizes in the General Assembly of the United Nations, its competent bodies and international instruments in the field, the appropriate scope to coordinate, conjugate and direct the efforts of the international community in the interests of to confront and combat terrorism in any place and form in which it manifests itself.

BY TANT: In use of the powers granted to him by Article 75 (b) of the Constitution of the Republic of Cuba, the National Assembly of People's Power, approves the following:

ACT NO. 93

ACT AGAINST ACTS OF TERRORISM

TITLE I

GENERAL

Article 1.1: This Law is intended to provide for and to sanction the acts described in its article that, by way of execution, means and methods used, evidence the specific purpose of causing states of alarm, fear or terror in the population, for putting in imminent danger or affecting the life or physical or mental integrity of persons, material goods of significant consideration or importance, international peace or the security of the Cuban State.

  1. The facts referred to in the preceding paragraph, for the purposes of their punishment, are considered to be committed on Cuban territory whether the guilty party performs in the preparatory or implementing acts, even if the effects have been produced abroad, as if those acts are carried out in foreign territory and their effects are produced in Cuba.

ARTICLE 2: The provisions established in the General Party of the Penal Code and the Military Crimes Law, in the laws of Criminal Procedure and the Military Criminal Procedure, as appropriate, are applicable to the provisions of this Law.

ARTICLE 3: The offences provided for in this Law are sanctioned regardless of those defined in the Penal Code or, where appropriate, in the Military Crimes Act and which are committed for execution or on the occasion of the Law.

Article 4: For the determination of the content and scope of conceptual expressions that are recorded in the text of this Law, the details that are formulated in the international treaties and conventions on the subject matter, of the that the Cuban State is a party; such as: ship, explosives, internationally protected person, aircraft in flight, aircraft in service, public or governmental installation, installation of infrastructure, explosive device or other device (a) the military forces of a State, a place of public use, a public transport network, Fixed platform and funds. These expressions are defined in Annexes to this Law.

ARTICLE 5: In the offences provided for in this Law, the preparatory acts, as well as the attempt and the acts accomplished, are sanctioned. It is also sanctioned, in accordance with the rules laid down in the Criminal Code for preparatory acts, to which:

  1. having resolved to commit any of the offences provided for in this Law, to propose to another person or other persons to participate in the execution of the law;
  2. be concerned with one or more persons for the execution of some of the offences provided for in this Law, and resolve to commit them;
  3. incite or induce others, in writing, in writing or in any other way, publicly or privately, to execute some of the offences provided for in this Law. If incitement or inducement has followed the commission of the crime, the one who provokes it is sanctioned as the author of the crime committed.

ARTICLE 6. In the offences referred to in this Law, the Court may reduce the penalty provided for, at its minimum, by up to two thirds, or exceptionally declare the exemption from criminal liability, where:

  1. the defendant has voluntarily abandoned his criminal activities and is present to the authorities by confessing to the facts in which he participated;
  2. the abandonment by the culprit of his criminal connection, would have avoided or substantially diminished a situation of danger, prevented the production of the result harmful or effectively intervened to the obtaining of decisive tests for the identification or capture of other alleged culprits or for the clarification of the facts.

ARTICLE 7. 1.: The penalty imposed by a firm sentence handed down by a foreign court may be taken into account by the Cuban courts, for the purposes of assessing the recidivism or, where appropriate, the multipurpose, in respect of the accused for crimes provided for in this Law.

Article 7.2: The final judgment referred to in the previous paragraph must be accredited in accordance with the provisions of the Ministry of Justice.

ARTICLE 8: The Instructor, the Prosecutor or the Tribunal, according to the procedure in which a process is found followed by any of the crimes referred to in this Law, may immediately have the freezing or freezing of funds and other financial assets, or property or economic resources of the accused, regardless of their degree of participation in the punishable act; and of persons and entities acting on behalf of the defendants and entities under their orders, including funds obtained or derived from the property or under the control, direct or indirect of the accused and of the persons and entities associated with them.

ARTICLE 9: In the crimes provided for in this Law, the Court may have as a by-law the confiscation of the property of the sanctioned, in accordance with the provisions of Article 44 of the Penal Code.

TITLE II

OF ACTS OF TERRORISM

CHAPTER I

ACTS COMMITTED WITH AN EXPLOSIVE OR DEADLY DEVICE, CHEMICAL OR BIOLOGICAL AGENTS OR OTHER MEANS OR SUBSTANCES

ARTICLE 10: The person who manufactures, supplies, sells, transports, remitted, enters the country or has in his possession, in any form or place, arms, ammunition or materials, flammable substances or instruments, suffocating, toxic, explosive or plastic any other class or nature or chemical or biological agents, or any other element of whose investigation, design or combination may result from products of the described nature, or any other similar substance or explosive device or The death penalty is punishable by ten to thirty years of deprivation of liberty, deprivation Life imprisonment or death.

ARTICLE 11: In the same sanction, it incurs the one that delivers, places, sheds, spreads, detone or otherwise uses an explosive or deadly device, or other medium or substance as described in Article 10, against:

  1. a place of public use;
  2. a public or government facility;
  3. a public transport network or any of its components;
  4. an infrastructure facility;
  5. crops, forests, pastures, livestock or birds;
  6. camps, depots, armaments, buildings or military dependencies in general.

Article 12.1.: The fact that, adulterated substances or foodstuffs or other foodstuffs intended for human consumption, in such a way as to cause death or to harm the health of the persons, is punishable by deprivation of liberty from ten to twenty years.

ARTICLE 12.2.: If, as a consequence of the facts described in the previous paragraph, serious injuries or the death of any person are caused, the penalty is ten to thirty years of deprivation of liberty, imprisonment of liberty or death.

ARTICLE 13.1.: The one who, executes an act against the life, the bodily integrity, the freedom or safety of some person who by the nature of the activities that develops enjoyment of relevant recognition in the society, or against their relatives Those who are more close to them, are sentenced to imprisonment of ten to thirty years, imprisonment for imprisonment or death.

ARTICLE 13.2.: If the act executed is directed to destroy or significantly damage the property of the persons referred to in the previous paragraph, the sanction is of imprisonment of four to ten years.

CHAPTER II

TOMA DE HOSTAGES

ARTICLE 14. 1. The one who, takes over another person, or holds her against her will, and threatens to kill, to hurt her or to keep her retained, in order to compel a State, an intergovernmental organization, a natural or legal person or a group of persons, to an action or omission, as an explicit or implicit condition, for the release of the hostage, incurs a penalty of imprisonment of ten to twenty years.

ARTICLE 14.2.: If, as a consequence of the facts described in the previous paragraph, the death or serious injury of one or more persons occurs or the condition required for the release of the hostage is achieved, the penalty is ten to thirty years of deprivation of liberty, life imprisonment or death.

CHAPTER III

ACTS AGAINST PERSONS INTERNATIONALLY PROTECTED

ARTICLE 15. 1. The fact that an act against the life, bodily integrity, freedom or security of an internationally protected person, or of a relative who is part of his or her home, is punishable by imprisonment of ten to thirty years, Imprisonment for life of liberty or death.

ARTICLE 15.2.: Incurre in punishment of four to ten years of deprivation of liberty, the one who carries out any act against the official premises, the private residence or the means of transport of the person internationally protected and that can put in danger of life, bodily integrity, freedom or security.

CHAPTER IV

ACTS AGAINST THE SAFETY OF MARITIME NAVIGATION

ARTICLE 16. 1. The penalty is ten to thirty years of deprivation of liberty for which:

  1. it takes over a ship or exercises its control through violence, threat of violence or any other form of intimidation;
  2. carry out any act of violence against a person on board a vessel, if such act may endanger the safe navigation of that vessel;

destroy a ship or cause damage to a ship or its cargo which may endanger its navigation;

  1. destroy or cause significant or significant damage to maritime navigation facilities and services or seriously hinder their operation, if any such act may endanger the safe navigation of the ship;
  2. The information is disseminated in the knowledge that it is false, thus endangering the safe navigation of the ship.

ARTICLE 16.2.: If, in connection with the execution of any of the acts listed above, serious injury or the death of one or more persons is caused, the penalty is deprivation of liberty of fifteen to thirty years, life imprisonment or death.

CHAPTER V

ACTS AGAINST THE SECURITY OF CIVIL AVIATION AND AIRPORTS.

ARTICLE 17: Incurre in punishment of deprivation of liberty of ten to thirty years, the one who, on board an aircraft in flight, through violence, threat of violence or any other illicit act takes over the aircraft or exercises control or puts in danger the safety of the same.

ARTICLE 18: In the same sanction, it incurs that which, put or could endanger the security of an airport to:

  1. to carry out an act of violence or intimidation against a person;
  1. destroy or cause damage to their facilities, or on an aircraft which is not in service and is located at the airport, or otherwise disturbs the services provided there.

ARTICLE 19: In the same way, it is sanctioned to the one that puts or can endanger the safety of an aircraft to:

  1. to carry out against a person on board an aircraft in flight acts of violence or intimidation;
  2. destroy an aircraft in service or cause damage to the aircraft which renders it unfit for flight or which, by its nature, constitutes a hazard to the safety of the aircraft in flight;
  3. destroy or damage the facilities or services of air navigation or disturb their operation, if such acts, by their nature, constitute a danger to the safety of aircraft in flight;
  4. knowingly communicate false reports, thereby endangering the safety of an aircraft in flight.

ARTICLE 20: If, as a result of the facts provided for in Articles 17, 18 and 19, serious injuries or the death of one or more persons are caused, the penalty is deprivation of liberty of fifteen to thirty years, imprisonment of liberty or death.

CHAPTER VI

OTHER ACTS WHICH ARE AGAINST AIR AND SEA SAFETY

ARTICLE 21: Incurre in punishment of deprivation of liberty of ten to thirty years, life imprisonment of liberty or death, which:

  1. Using a ship or aircraft, whether or not it is engaged, it commits acts of violence or threat of violence or any other form of intimidation and hostility against another vessel or aircraft for the purpose of:
  2. seize the ship or aircraft or the goods on board;
  3. damage or destroy the vessel or aircraft, divert it from its route, or prevent its normal movement or activities;
  4. take hostages, injure or kill crew members or passengers.
  5. Use a ship or aircraft to attack, in any form, ground, air or sea objectives.
  6. Place or place on a ship or aircraft, by any means, an artifact or substance capable of destroying such a craft or aircraft or causing damage to the aircraft or aircraft or which, by its nature, constitutes a danger to its security.
  7. Without due authorization or in violation of the provisions in force in this respect, or travel on ships or aircraft, by the Cuban territorial or sea territorial space.
  8. Carrying weapons, it penetrates in the maritime or Cuban airspace, in ships or non-articulated aircraft, in order to carry out any of the acts described in the previous paragraphs.

ARTICLE 22. 1.: Incurre in equal sanction to the one provided in the previous article that, voluntarily, delivers a ship or aircraft for the purpose or knowing that it will be used in the performance of the acts described in the article above.

ARTICLE 22. (2): The person who, a vessel or aircraft to commit any of the acts entered in this chapter, shall be charged for all offences committed with that vessel or aircraft.

CHAPTER VII

ACTS AGAINST THE SECURITY OF FIXED PLATFORMS

LOCATED ON THE CONTINENTAL OR ISLAND PLATFORM

ARTICLE 23. 1: Incurre in punishment of deprivation of liberty of ten to thirty years that:

  1. it takes over a fixed platform or exercises control of it, by means of any form of intimidation or violence;
  2. exercise any form of intimidation or violence against a person on board a fixed platform, if such an act may endanger the security of the fixed platform;
  3. place or place on a fixed platform, by any means, an artifact or a substance that can destroy it or endanger its safety.

ARTICLE 23 (2): If, as a consequence of the acts described above, the destruction of a fixed platform is caused or significant or significant damage is caused, or serious injury or death of any person is caused, the sanction is fifteen to thirty years of deprivation of liberty, perpetual imprisonment of liberty or death.

CHAPTER VIII

ACTS ON THE OCCASION OF THE USE OF COMPUTER MEDIA AND TECHNIQUES

ARTICLE 24: Incurre in punishment of imprisonment of five to twenty years, which, to facilitate any of the acts provided for in this Law:

  1. using equipment, media, software, computer networks or any other computer application, intercepts, interferes, uses, alters, damages, inuses or destroys data, information, electronic documents, computer media, software or systems information and communications or telematics, public, social, administrative, emergency, national security or other services of national, international or other entities;
  2. make use of or allow the use of electronic mail, other Internet services or protocols, or any telecommunications terminal equipment;
  3. creates, distributes, trades or has in its power programmes capable of producing the effects referred to in paragraph (a).

CHAPTER IX

OF THE FINANCING OF TERRORISM

ARTICLE 25. 1: That, by any means, directly or indirectly, collect, transport, provide or have in its possession funds or financial or material resources, for the purpose of which those funds or resources are used in the commission of any of the crimes provided for in this Law or knowing that they will be used in the commission of some of these crimes, it incurs a penalty of deprivation of liberty of ten to thirty years.

  1. In the same way, it incurs that, directly or indirectly, it makes funds, financial resources or financial or related materials or services of any other kind, at the disposal of a person or entity which is intended for the commission of some of the offences provided for in this Law.

CHAPTER X

OTHER ACTS OF TERRORISM

ARTICLE 26: The fact that, in any other act not sanctioned more severely by the law, that by its form, means or place or opportunity of execution, tends to the attainment of the purposes referred to in Article 1, it incurs a sanction of deprivation of freedom from four to ten years.

ARTICLE 27: The person who, with knowledge that a person has participated in the commission of a crime or who is accused of it, and out of the cases of complicity in it, conceals it or makes it easier to hide, to flee or to alter or to make to disappear indicia or evidence that he believes could harm him or in any other way help him to circumvent the investigation and to remove himself from the criminal prosecution. minimum and maximum.

ARTICLE 28: The fact that, having knowledge of the preparation or execution of any offence provided for in this Law, does not denounce it without prejudice to the attempt to prevent it by all means at its disposal, it incurs a sanction of deprivation of liberty Six months to three years.

SPECIAL ARRANGEMENT

UNICA : To instruct the Government of the Republic, to sign agreements and agreements with the States willing to promote international cooperation regarding the exchange of information, judicial and police assistance, investigations, to obtain evidence and as regards the possible extradition of suspected culprits, for the purposes of preventing, suppressing and eradicating terrorism.

FINAL PROVISIONS

FIRST: The Governing Council of the Supreme People's Court, when this Law enters into force, determines the rooms of the respective popular provincial courts, which are responsible for knowing the criminal facts provided for in their articles. When the knowledge corresponds to the Military Courts, they govern the competition rules established in the Military Criminal Procedure Law.

SECOND: Articles 106 to 109, inclusive, 117, 118, 122 and 123, all of the current Penal Code, as well as the more provisions of this Law are repealed.

THIRD: This Law shall enter into force from its publication in the Official Gazette of the Republic.

DADA In the Chamber of Sessions of the National Assembly of People's Power, Palace of the Conventions, in the city of Havana, at the twentieth day of December of the year two thousand one.

ANNEX

Conceptual expressions to be taken into account in the Acts against Terrorism Act, according to International Conventions on the subject.

  • Vessel is any ship of the type that is not permanently attached to the seabed, including dynamic, submersible support vehicles or any other floating device. (Convention for the repression of illegal acts against the safety of maritime navigation).
  • Explosives means explosive products commonly known as plastic explosives, including explosives in the form of sheet-flexible or elastic, described in the Technical Annex to the Convention. (Convention on the marking of plastic explosives for the purpose of detection).
  • It is understood by Internationally protected person :
  1. a Head of State, including each member of a collegiate body, when, in accordance with the respective Constitution, he fulfils the duties of Head of State, a Head of Government or a Minister for External Relations, provided that such person is in a foreign state, as well as the members of his family who accompany him.
  2. any representative, official or official person of a State or any official, official personality or other agent of an intergovernmental organisation who, at the time and at the place where a crime is committed against him, his premises officers, their private residence or their means of transport is entitled, under international law, to special protection against any attack on their person, freedom or dignity, as well as members of their family who are part of their house.

(Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes against Internationally Protected Persons, including Diplomatic Agents)

  • A: aircraft is located in flight from the moment when all external doors are closed after boarding up to the time any of those doors are opened for landing; in the case of a forced landing, the flight shall be deemed to continue until the competent authorities shall take over the aircraft and persons and property on board.
  • A: aircraft is located in service Since ground staff or crew begin operations prior to a given flight up to twenty-four hours after any landing; the period in service shall in any case be prolonged for all the time that the aircraft has taken. is in flight in accordance with Article 2 (a) of the Convention. (Convention for the Suppression of Illicit Acts against the Security of Civil Aviation).
  • By public installation or Government any permanent or temporary installation or vehicle used or occupied by representatives of a State, members of the government, the legislative or judicial power, officials or employees of a State or administrative entity is understood officials or employees of an intergovernmental organisation for the purpose of carrying out their official duties. (International Convention for the Pressure Of Terrorist Attacks Committed with Bombs)
  • By infrastructure installation any public or private ownership facility used to provide or distribute services to the public, such as water supply, sewerage, energy, fuel or communications, is understood. (International Convention for the Pressure Of Terrorist Attacks Committed with Bombs)
  • By explosive device or other deadly device is understood:
  1. an explosive or incendiary weapon or device that obeys the purpose of causing or causing death, serious bodily injury or major material damage; or
  2. the weapon or device that obeys the purpose of causing or causing death or serious bodily injury or major material damage by the emission, spread or impact of toxic chemicals, agents or toxins of character biological or similar substances or radiation or radioactive material. (International Convention for the Pressure Of Terrorist Attacks Committed with Bombs)
  • By military forces of a State the armed forces of a State are understood to be organised, trained and equipped in accordance with national legislation primarily for the purposes of national defence and security and persons acting in support of those forces armed forces under his command, control and official responsibility. (International Convention for the Pressure Of Terrorist Attacks Committed with Bombs)
  • By place of public use the parts of any building, land, public road, water course or other site which is accessible or open to the public on a permanent, periodic or occasional basis are understood and includes any commercial, business, cultural, historical, educational, religious, governmental, entertainment, recreational or analogous that is accessible in such conditions or is open to the public. (International Convention for the Pressure Of Terrorist Attacks Committed with Bombs)
  • By public transport network all installations, vehicles and instruments of public or private ownership which are used in public services or for public services for the purposes of the transport of persons or goods are understood. (International Convention for the Pressure Of Terrorist Attacks Committed with Bombs)
  • By funds goods of any kind, tangible or intangible, movable or immovable, irrespective of how they were obtained, and documents or legal instruments, whatever their form, including the electronic or digital form, shall be understood as credit the property or other rights to such goods, including, without the listing of such assets, bank loans, traveller's cheques, bank cheques, money orders, shares, securities, debt securities, exchange letters and letters of credit. (International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism)
  • Fixed Platform is an artificial island, facility or structure permanently attached to the seafloor for the purpose of exploration or exploitation of the resources or other economic purposes (Protocol for the Repression of Illicit Acts against Security of Fixed platforms located on the Continental Shelf)