874 OF 2004

(January 2)

Official Journal No. 45.421 of 5 January 2004

PUBLIC POWER-LEGISLATIVE BRANCH

By means of which Resolution A. 724 (17), approved on seven (7) November of a thousand nine hundred and ninety-one (1991)-Amendments to the Constitutive Convention of the International Maritime Organization (Institutionalization) is approved of the Facilitation Committee) and Anexo-Amendments to the Convention of the International Maritime Organization (Institutionalization of the Facilitation Committee) and Resolution A. 735 (18) approved on the four (4) November of a thousand nine hundred and ninety-five Three (1993)-Convention of the International Maritime Organization Annex-Amendments to the Convention of the International Maritime Organization.

THE CONGRESS OF THE REPUBLIC

Having regard to the texts of Resolution A. 724 (17), approved on seven (7) November of a thousand nine hundred and ninety-one (1991)-Amendments to the Constitution of the International Maritime Organization (Institutionalization of the Facilitation Committee) and Annex-Amendments to the Constitution of the International Maritime Organization (Institutionalization of the Facilitation Committee) and Resolution A. 735 (18) approved on 4 November of the four (4) November of the nine hundred and ninety-three (1993)-Convention Establishing the International Maritime Organisation and Annex-Amendments to the Convention Constitutive of the International Maritime Organization, which to the letter says:

(To be transcribed: photocopies of the integrated texts of the mentioned International Instruments are attached).

" RESOLUTION A. 724 (17)

approved on November 7, 1991

AMENDMENTS TO THE CONVENTION ESTABLISHING THE INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION (INSTITUTIONALISATION OF THE FACILITATION COMMITTEE)

THE ASSEMBLY,

RECALLING Resolution A. 640 (16), adopted at its 16th regular session, by which it decided to take the necessary measures at its 17th regular session to approve amendments to the Convention the IMO in order to institutionalise the Facilitation Committee in that Convention,

HAVING EXAMINED the recommendations of the Facilitation Committee on the proposed amendments to the IMO's Convention and the Council's views on these recommendations,

1. APPROVES the amendments to the Convention establishing the International Maritime Organisation, the texts of which are set out in the Annex to this resolution, namely:

-the amendments to Articles 11, 15, 21, 25, 56 and 57;

-the addition of a new part XI consisting of new items 47 to 51;

-a new numbering from the current XI to XX parts;

-a new numbering from current items 47 to 77;

-the consequent changes in the references made to the new numbering articles in Articles 5, 6, 7, 8, 59, 60, 66, 67, 68, 70, 72, 73 and 74;

-the consequent changes in the references that are made to the new numbering parts in Articles 15 and 25 (a); and

-the corresponding change in the item number referred to in Appendix II;

2. REQUESTS the Secretary-General of the Organization to deposit the amendments adopted before the Secretary-General of the United Nations, in accordance with the provisions of Article 72 (formerly Article 67) of the Convention establishing the IMO, and which take charge of the instruments of acceptance and declarations as provided for in Article 73 (formerly Article 68

;

3. INVITES the Member Governments to accept these amendments as soon as possible after receiving copies thereof, transmitting the appropriate instrument of acceptance to the Secretary-General in accordance with the provisions of Article 73 (formerly Article 68) of the Convention.

ANNEX

AMENDMENTS TO THE CONVENTION ESTABLISHING THE INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION

(INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF THE FACILITATION COMMITTEE)

Article 11

The text is replaced by the following:

The organisation shall be composed of an Assembly, a Council, a Committee on Maritime Safety, a Legal Committee, a Marine Environment Committee, a Technical Cooperation Committee, a Facilitation Committee and the auxiliary bodies to be organised. Organization deemed necessary to create at any time, and a Secretariat.

Article 15

The text in paragraph 1 is replaced by the following:

1) decide on the convening of any international conference or the adoption of any other appropriate procedure for the approval of international conventions or amendments to any international conventions that have been prepared by the Maritime Safety Committee, the Legal Committee, the Marine Environment Committee, the Technical Cooperation Committee, the Facilitation Committee or other bodies of the Organization.

Article 21

The text is replaced by the following:

(a) The Council shall examine the draft work and budget proposals prepared by the Secretary-General, in the light of the proposals of the Committee on Maritime Safety, the Legal Committee, the Committee for the Protection of the Marine Environment, the Committee of Technical cooperation, the Facilitation Committee or other bodies of the organisation and, having these present, shall establish and submit to the Assembly's consideration the work programme and the budget of the Organization, having regard to the general interests and priorities of the Org anisation.

(b) The Council shall take charge of the reports, proposals and recommendations of the Maritime Safety Committee, the Legal Committee, the Marine Environment Committee, the Technical Cooperation Committee, the Facilitation Committee or other bodies of the organisation and, together with its own observations and recommendations, forward it to the Assembly or, if it is not, to the Members, for information purposes.

c) The questions referred to in Articles 28, 33, 38, 43 and 48 shall not be examined by the Council until the opinion of the Committee on Maritime Safety, the Legal Committee, the Committee for the Protection of the Marine Environment, the Committee for Cooperation Technique or the Facilitation Committee, as appropriate.

Article 25

The text in paragraph (b) is replaced by the following:

(b) In the light of the provisions of Part XVI and of the relations with other bodies, the relevant Committees shall be maintained by Articles 28, 33, 38, 43 and 48, in the period between the periods of sessions of the Assembly; Council will be responsible for maintaining relationships with other organizations.

PART XI

The following new text is interspersed:

Facilitation Committee

Article 47

The Facilitation Committee shall be composed of all Members.

Article 48

The Facilitation Committee shall examine all matters falling within the competence of the organisation in relation to the facilitation of international maritime traffic and, in particular:

(a) shall carry out the functions which the organisation has been or may be entrusted with by direct application of international conventions relating to the facilitation of international maritime traffic, in particular with regard to approval and amendments of rules or other provisions, in accordance with such conventions;

b) in the light of Article 25, the Facilitation Committee, at the request of the Assembly or of the Council or if it is deemed to be in the interest of its own work, shall maintain with other bodies the close relationship it may promote the objectives of the organisation.

Article 49

The Facilitation Committee shall submit to the consideration of the Council:

(a) the recommendations and guidelines that the Committee has prepared;

b) a report on the work carried out by the Committee since the previous Council session was held.

Article 50

The Facilitation Committee shall meet at least once a year.

Annually elect its Bureau and establish its Rules of Procedure.

Article 51

However, contrary to the provisions of this Convention, but subject to the provisions of Article 47, the Facilitation Committee shall, in the exercise of the functions conferred on it by direct application of the any international convention or any other instrument, or pursuant to the provisions of those agreements, to the relevant provisions of the convention or instrument concerned, in particular with regard to the rules governing the applicable procedure.

Article 56 (becomes Article 61)

The text is replaced by the following:

Any Member who fails to comply with the financial obligations which have been incurred by one year from the date of expiry of those obligations, shall be without a vote in the Assembly, the Council, the Committee on Maritime Safety, the Committee Legal, the Marine Environment Protection Committee, the Technical Cooperation Committee and the Facilitation Committee, unless the Assembly, if deemed appropriate, decides to exempt from compliance with this provision.

Article 57 (becomes Article 62)

The text is replaced by the following:

Except as expressly provided for in this Convention or in any International Agreement conferring functions on the Assembly, the Council, the Committee on Maritime Safety, the Legal Committee, the Committee on the Protection of the The voting in these bodies shall be governed by the following provisions: the Marine Environment, the Technical Cooperation Committee or the Facilitation Committee:

a) each Member will have one vote;

(b) decisions shall be taken by a majority of votes of the Members present and voters, and those for which a majority of two-thirds votes are required, by a two-thirds majority of the members present;

(c) for the purposes of this Convention, the expression "Members present and voting" means Members present who cast an affirmative to negative vote. Members who abstain from voting shall be considered as "non-voters".

Consequential amendments

Articles 5, 6, and 7

References to Article 71 are replaced by references to Article 76.

Article 8

The reference to Article 72 is replaced by a reference to Article 77.

Article 15

The reference referred to in paragraph (g) to Part XII is replaced by a reference to Part XIII.

Article 25

The reference referred to in paragraph (a) to Part XV is replaced by a reference to Part XVI.

Parts XI to XX

Parts XI to XX become parts XII to XXI.

Articles 47 to 77

Articles 47 to 77 become Articles 52 to 82.

Article 66 (now Article 71)

The reference to Article 73 is replaced by a reference to Article 78.

Appendix II

The reference in the title to Article 65 is replaced by a reference to Article 70.

Articles 67 and 68 (now Articles 72 and 73, respectively)

References to Article 66 are replaced by references to Article 71.

Article 70 (now Article 75)

The reference to Article 69 is replaced by a reference to Article 74.

Article 72 (an hour item 77)

The reference in paragraph (d) to Article 77 is replaced by a reference to Article 76.

Article 73 (now Article 78)

The reference in paragraph (b) to Article 72 is replaced by a reference to Article 77.

Article 74 (now Article 79)

The reference to Article 71 is replaced by a reference to Article 76.

RESOLUTION A. 735 (18)

approved on November 4, 1993

ORGANIZING CONVENTION OF THE ORGANIZATION

INTERNATIONAL MARITIME

THE ASSEMBLY,

RECALLING that at its 17th regular session several delegations expressed their concern about the outcome of the elections to the Council for the 1992-1993 biennium,

TAKING NOTE that, at its 68th session, the IMO Council established a special working group open to all Member States to examine possible amendments to the provisions on elections to the European Parliament. Tip,

NOTING WITH SATISFACTION that the necessary revisions to the IMO's Convention have all been initiated within the Organization and have been examined in a climate of good will and agreement and adopted with the general agreement of Members,

HAVING EXAMINED the amendments to the IMO's founding convention recommended by the Task Force on Elections to the Council and approved by the Council at its 69th session,

1. Adopts amendments to Articles 16, 17 and 19 of the International Maritime Organisation's Constitutive Convention, the texts of which are set out in the Annex to this resolution;

2. REQUESTS the Secretary-General of the Organization to deposit the amendments adopted before the Secretary-General of the United Nations, in accordance with the provisions of Article 67 of the Convention establishing the IMO, and to take charge of the instruments of acceptance and declarations as provided for in Article 68; and

3. INVITES Members of the Organization that once they have received copies of these amendments, they shall accept them as soon as possible, transmitting the appropriate instrument of acceptance to the Secretary-General in accordance with the provisions of Article 68 of the Convention.

ANNEX

AMENDMENTS TO THE CONVENTION ESTABLISHING THE INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION

PART VI

The Council

Article 16

Replace the text of Article 16 with the following:

"The Council shall be composed of forty Members elected by the Assembly."

Article 17

Replace the text of Article 17 with the following:

" In the election of Council Members, the Assembly will observe the following criteria:

a) ten will be states with the greatest interests in the provision of international maritime services;

b) Ten will be other states with the greatest interests in international maritime trade;

(c) 20 shall be States not chosen in accordance with (a) and (b), which have interests, special in maritime transport or navigation and whose integration in the Council ensures representation of all major regions the world's geographical area. "

Article 19 b)

Replace the text of Article 19 (b) with the following:

"b) Twenty-six Members of the Council shall constitute a quorum."

2002 LAW 41 PROJECT

By means of which Resolution A. 724 (17) approved on seven (7) November of a thousand nine hundred and ninety-one (1991)-amendments to the Constitutive Convention of the International Maritime Organization (Institutionalization of the Facilitation Committee) and annex-amendments to the Convention of the International Maritime Organization (Institutionalization of the Facilitation Committee) and Resolution A. 735 (18) approved on the four (4) November of a thousand nine hundred and ninety-five Three (1993) -Convention of the International Maritime Organization annex-amendments to the International Maritime Organization's Constitutive Convention.

COLOMBIA CONGRESS

Having regard to the texts of Resolution A. 724 (17) approved on seven (7) November of a thousand nine hundred and ninety-one (1991)-amendments to the Convention of the International Maritime Organization (Institutionalization of the Facilitation Committee) and Annex II to the Convention on the Constitution of the International Maritime Organization (Institutionalization of the Facilitation Committee) and Resolution A. 735 (18) approved the quatr or (4) November of a thousand nine hundred and ninety-three (1993) -Convention Establishing the International Maritime Organisation and Annex to the Convention Establishing the International Maritime Organization.

(To be transcribed: photocopies of the integrated texts of the mentioned international instruments are attached).

2. The increase of twenty-one (21) to twenty-six (26) of the members that will constitute a quorum.

The analysis above should be added to the consideration that the acceptance by Colombia of the amendments proposed in 1991 and 1993 to the Convention Constitutive of the IMO, will consolidate its growing prestige in the world maritime field, It will allow Colombia with more solid foundations to manage and obtain the technical assistance it needs in the various fields of global maritime activity.

For the reasons set out above, we allow ourselves to request the honorable Congress of the Republic to approve Resolution A. 724 (17) approved on seven (7) November of a thousand nine hundred and ninety-one (1991) -Amendments to the Constitutive Convention of the international maritime organization (Institutionalisation of the Facilitation Committee) and annex-amendments to the International Maritime Organisation's Constitutive Convention (institutionalisation of the facilitation committee) and Resolution A. 735 (18) The four (4) November of a thousand nine hundred and ninety-three (1993) -Constitutive Convention of the international maritime organization and annex-amendments to the Convention Constitutive of the international maritime organization.

Of the honorable Senators and Representatives,

The Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs in charge of the Office of the Foreign Minister's Office,

FORWARD LENIENCY.

The Minister of National Defense,

GUSTAVO BELL LEMUS.  

EXECUTIVE BRANCH OF PUBLIC POWER

PRESIDENCY OF THE REPUBLIC

Bogotá, D. C., October 1, 2001.

Approved. Submit to the consideration of the honorable National Congress for the constitutional effects.

(Fdo.) ANDRES PASTRANA ARANGO

The Foreign Minister,

(FDO.) GUILLERMO FERNANDEZ DE SOTO.

DECRETA:

ARTICLE 1o. Approve Resolution A. 724 (17), approved on seven (7) November of a thousand nine hundred and ninety-one (1991)-Amendments to the Convention Constitutive of the International Maritime Organization (Institutionalization of the Facilitation Committee) and Anexo-Amendments to the Constitution of the International Maritime Organization (Institutionalization of the Facilitation Committee) and Resolution A. 735 (18) approved on the four (4) November of a thousand Nine hundred and ninety-three (1993)-Convention of the Maritime Organization International and Annex-Amendments to the International Maritime Organization's Constitutive Convention.

ARTICLE 2o. In accordance with the provisions of Article 1 of Law 7ª of 1944, Resolution A. 724 (17), approved on seven (7) November of a thousand nine hundred and ninety-one (1991)-Amendments to the Convention Establishing the International Maritime Organization (Institutionalization of the Facilitation Committee) and Anexo-Amendments to the Convention of the International Maritime Organization (Institutionalization of the Facilitation Committee) and the Resolution A. 735 (18) approved on four (4) November of a thousand nine hundred and ninety-three (1993)- Convention of the International Maritime Organization and Annex-Amendments to the Constitution of the International Maritime Organization, which by article 1 of this law are approved, will definitively force the country from the date to improve the international link with respect to the same.

ARTICLE 3o. This law governs from the date of its publication.

Dada en Bogotá, D. C., a los ...

Presented to the honorable Congress of the Republic by the undersigned, Minister of Foreign Affairs and Minister of National Defense.

The Foreign Minister,

GUILLERMO FERNANDEZ DE SOTO.

The Minister of National Defense,

GUSTAVO BELL LEMUS.

EXPLANATORY STATEMENT

On behalf of the National Government and in compliance with the provisions of Articles 150 numerals 16 and 189 numeral 2 of the Constitution We have the honour of submitting to your consideration the draft law by which Resolution A. 724 (17), approved on seven (7) November of a thousand nine hundred and ninety-one (1991)-Amendments to the Convention of the International Maritime Organization (Institutionalization of the Facilitation Committee) and Anexo-Amendments to the International Maritime Organization's Constitutive Convention (Institutionalization of the Facilitation Committee) and Resolution A. 735 (18) approved on November 4, 2000, four (4) Three (1993)-Convention of the International Maritime Organization and Annex-Amendments to the Constitution of the International Maritime Organization.

The International Maritime Organization, IMO, is a United Nations Agency that understands, solely and exclusively, maritime affairs and provides a system of collaboration among governments in the field of practical regulations. The Committee on the Environment, the Environment, the Environment and the Environment, and the Committee on the Environment, the Environment and the Environment. Colombia is a member of the IMO by virtue of Law 6 of 1974. In the framework of the IMO, 11 Conventions have been adopted which have served to harmonise national legislation with the international one, by drawing up standard measures and regulations.

Taking into account the importance that the maritime sector represents in the national sphere, and since the IMO is the most important intergovernmental body in this field, it is considered essential to catch up with the Convention on the Convention. Constitutive of this Organization.

Resolution A. 450 (XI) of 15 November 1979, approved by the National Legislative Council by Law 45 of 1984, the content of which refers to the amendments introduced to the Convention of the International Maritime Organization (IMO), the procedure for adopting the amendments to that Convention, in the following terms:

" The texts of the draft amendments to this Convention shall be communicated to the Members by the Secretary-General, at least six months in advance of their consideration by the Assembly. The amendments shall be adopted by the Assembly by a two-thirds majority vote. Twelve months after acceptance by two-thirds of the Members of the Organization, excluding Associate Members, the amendment shall enter into force for all Members ... ".

According to the foregoing, it is submitted to the honorable National Congress this Bill, whose content refers to the Amendments to the Convention of the International Maritime Organization, IMO.

Through Resolution A. 640 (16) dated October 19, 1989, the IMO Assembly decided to adopt the necessary measures to approve the amendments to its Constitutive Convention in order to institutionalize the Facilitation Committee.

At its 17th regular session, the Assembly approved by Resolution A. 724 (17) of 1991, the recommendations resulting from the revision of the IMO Constitutive Convention in all its scope, based on the prior study of a special working group open to all Member States. By 31 July 2001, these amendments have been accepted by fifty-four (54) Member States, of a total of one hundred and fifty-eight (158).

In essence, the amendment adopted in Resolution A. 724 (17) contains procedural modifications to make the operation of the Organization more technical and effective.

The following amendments deserve to be highlighted given their special convenience:

1. The institutionalization of the Facilitation Committee, with its regulatory part, in which all Members are expected to participate, and

2. The assignment to the Facilitation Committee of the function corresponding to the examination of all matters that fall within the competence of the Organization in relation to the Facilitation of International Maritime Traffic.

It is worth mentioning that Colombia is part of the Convention to Facilitate the International Maritime Traffic of 1965, which was approved by Law 17 of 14 February 1991.

The amendments adopted by Resolution A. 735 (18) in 1993 were basically aimed at the subject of the formation of the Organization Council and were also recommended by a Special Working Group open to all Member States. Up to thirty-one (31) July of two thousand one (2001), ninety-six (96) Member States had ratified this Resolution.

In this amendment, it is important to note:

1. The increase of the members of the Council from thirty-two (32) to forty (40), elected by the Assembly.

With forty (40) members in the Council, it is determined that the number of members per category of States is modified as follows:

a) From eight to ten, they will be states with the greatest interests in the provision of international maritime services;

b) From eight to ten, will be other states with the greatest interests in international maritime trade and,

(c) From 16 to 20 other States, not chosen in accordance with (a) and (b), which have special interests in maritime transport or navigation and whose integration in the Council ensures the representation of all large geographical regions of the world.

2. The increase of twenty-one (21) to twenty-six (26) Members who will constitute a quorum.

To the above analysis, it should be added the consideration that the acceptance by Colombia of the amendments proposed in 1991 and 1993 to the Convention Constitutive of the IMO, will consolidate its increasing prestige in the world marine field, It will allow Colombia with more solid foundations to manage and obtain the technical assistance it needs in the various fields of global maritime activity.

For the reasons set out above, we allow ourselves to request the honorable Congress of the Republic to approve Resolution A. 7 24 (17), approved on seven (7) November of a thousand nine hundred and ninety-one (1991)-Amendments to the Convention Constitutive International Maritime Organization (Institutionalization of the Facilitation Committee) and Anexo-Amendments to the Convention of the International Maritime Organization (Institutionalization of the Facilitation Committee) and Resolution A. 735 (18) The four (4) November of a thousand nine hundred and ninety-three (1993)-Constitutive Convention of the International Maritime Organization and Annex-Amendments to the Constitution of the International Maritime Organization.

Of the honorable Senators and Representatives,

The Foreign Minister,

GUILLERMO FERNANDEZ DE SOTO.

The Minister of National Defense,

GUSTAVO BELL LEMUS.

1998 Law 424

(January 13)

By which the international conventions signed by Colombia are ordered to follow.

COLOMBIA CONGRESS

DECRETA:

ARTICLE 1o. The National Government through the Foreign Ministry will submit annually to the Senate and Chamber of Foreign Relations Committees, and within the first thirty days of the the legislative period beginning every July 20, a detailed report on how the existing International Conventions signed by Colombia with other States are being complied with and developed.

ARTICLE 2o. Each dependency of the National Government charged with implementing the International Treaties of its competence and requiring reciprocity in them, will transfer the relevant information to the Ministry Foreign Relations and the latter to the Commissions.

ARTICLE 3o. The full text of this law shall be incorporated as an annex to any and all International Conventions that the Ministry of Foreign Affairs presents to the Congress.

ARTICLE 4. This law governs from its enactment.

The President of the honorable Senate of the Republic.

AMILKAR ACOSTA MEDINA.

The Secretary General of the honorable Senate of the Republic,

PEDRO PUMAREJO VEGA.

The President of the honorable House of Representatives,

CARLOS SQUIRLA BALLESTEROS.

The Secretary General of the honorable House of Representatives,

DIEGO VIVAS TAFUR.

REPUBLIC OF COLOMBIA-NATIONAL GOVERNMENT.

PUBLISH AND EXECUTE.

Dada en Santa Fe de Bogota, D. C., on January 13, 1998.

ERNESTO SAMPER PIZANO

The Foreign Minister,

MARIA EMMA MEJIA VELEZ.

EXECUTIVE BRANCH OF PUBLIC POWER

REPUBLIC OF THE REPUBLIC

Bogotá, D. C., October 1, 2001.

Approved. Submit to the consideration of the honorable National Congress for the constitutional effects.

(Fdo.) ANDRES PASTRANA ARANGO

The Foreign Minister,

(FDO.) GUILLERMO FERNANDEZ DE SOTO.

DECRETA:

ARTICLE 1o. Approve Resolution A. 724 (17), approved on seven (7) November of a thousand nine hundred and ninety-one (1991)-Amendments to the Convention Constitutive of the International Maritime Organization (Institutionalization of the Facilitation Committee) and Anexo-Amendments to the Constitution of the International Maritime Organization (Institutionalization of the Facilitation Committee) and Resolution A. 735 (18) approved on the four (4) November of a thousand Nine hundred and ninety-three (1993)-Convention of the Maritime Organization International and Gender-Amendments to the International Maritime Organization's Constitutive Convention.

ARTICLE 2o. In accordance with the provisions of Article 1 of Law 7ª of 1944, Resolution A. 724 (17), approved on seven (7) November of a thousand nine hundred and ninety-one (1991)-Amendments to the Convention Establishing the International Maritime Organization (Institutionalization of the Facilitation Committee) and Anexo-Amendments to the Convention of the International Maritime Organization (Institutionalization of the Facilitation Committee) and the Resolution A. 735 (18) approved on four (4) November of a thousand nine hundred and ninety-three (1993)- Convention of the International Maritime Organization and Annex-Amendments to the Constitution of the International Maritime Organization, which by article 1 of this law are approved, will force the country from the date on which it is perfect the international link with respect to them.

ARTICLE 3o. This law governs from the date of its publication.

The President of the honorable Senate of the Republic,

GERMAN VARGAS LLERAS.

The Secretary General of the honorable Senate of the Republic,

EMILIO RAMON OTERO DAJUD.

The President of the honorable House of Representatives,

ALONSO ACOSTA OSIO.

The Secretary General of the honorable House of Representatives,

ANGELINO LIZANO RIVERA.

COLOMBIA-NATIONAL GOVERNMENT

COMMUNICATE AND COMPLY.

Execute, upon revision of the Constitutional Court, in accordance with article 241-10 of the Political Constitution.

Dada en Bogotá, D. C., 2 January 2004.

ALVARO URIBE VELEZ

The Deputy Minister of Multilateral Political Affairs at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, charged with the functions of the Office of the Foreign Minister,

JAIME GIRON DUARTE.

The Commander General of the Military Forces, in charge of the functions of the Office of the Minister of National Defense,

GENERAL CARLOS ALBERTO OSPINA OVALLE.