401 KAR 61:122.

Existing graphic arts facilities using rotogravure and flexography.

 

      RELATES TO: KRS

224.20-100, 224.20-110, 224.20-120, 40 C.F.R. 60 Appendix A (Method 24A), 42

U.S.C. 7401 et seq., 7407, 7408, 7410

      STATUTORY AUTHORITY:

KRS 224.10-100

      NECESSITY, FUNCTION,

AND CONFORMITY: KRS 224.10-100 requires the Environmental and Public Protection

Cabinet to prescribe administrative regulations for the prevention, abatement

and control of air pollution. 42 USC 7410 likewise requires the state to implement

standards for national primary and secondary ambient air quality. This administrative

regulation provides for the control of volatile organic compound emissions from

existing graphic arts facilities which use rotogravure and flexography.

 

      Section 1.

Definitions. As used in this administrative regulation, all terms not defined

in this section shall have the meaning given to them in 401 KAR 61:001.

      (1) "Affected

facility" means a printing line for packaging rotogravure, publication

rotogravure, specialty rotogravure, and flexographic printing.

      (2)

"Applicator" means the mechanism or device used to apply the ink.

      (3) "Flash-off

area" means the space between the applicator and the oven.

      (4) "Printing

line" means a series of equipment or operations used to apply, dry, or

cure any inks containing VOCs. This shall include, but is not limited to:

      (a) Mixing

operations;

      (b) Process storage;

      (c) Applicators;

      (d) Drying

operations including, but not limited to, flash-off area evaporation, oven

drying, baking, curing, and polymerization;

      (e) Clean up

operations;

      (f) Leaks, spills

and disposal of VOCs;

      (g) Processing and

handling of recovered VOCs;

      (h) For the purposes

of determining compliance with this administrative regulation, if any equipment

or operation is considered to be a part of more than one (1) printing line, its

VOC emissions shall be assigned to each printing line of which it is a part

proportionally to the throughput of VOCs it receives from or distributes to

each printing line;

      (i) If any portion

of the series of equipment or operations qualifies for an exemption according

to Section 6 of this administrative regulation, then that portion shall be

considered to be a separate printing line;

      (j) All units in a

machine which has both coating and printing units shall be considered as

performing a printing operation.

      (5) "Process

storage" means mixing tanks, holding tanks, and other tanks, drums, or

other containers which contain inks, VOCs, or recovered VOCs; but does not mean

storage tanks of petroleum liquids which are subject to 401 KAR 59:050, 401 KAR

59:052, or 401 KAR 61:050.

      (6)

"Printing" means the formation of words, designs, and pictures,

usually by a series of application rolls each with only partial coverage. It

applies to flexographic and rotogravure processes as applied to publication,

specialty, and packaging printing.

      (7)

"Coating" means the application of a uniform layer of material across

the entire width of a web.

      (8)

"Classification date" means February 4, 1981.

      (9) "VOCs net

input" means the total amount of VOCs input to the affected facility minus

the amount of VOCs that are not emitted into the atmosphere. VOCs that are

prevented from being emitted to the atmosphere by the use of control devices

shall not be subtracted from the total for the purposes of determining VOCs net

input. If the nature of any operation or design of equipment permits more than

one (1) interpretation of this definition, the interpretation that results in

the minimum value for allowable emissions shall apply.

      (10) "Packaging

rotogravure printing" means rotogravure printing upon paper, paper board,

metal foil, plastic film, and other substrates, which are, in subsequent

operations, formed into packaging products and labels for articles to be sold.

      (11)

"Publication rotogravure printing" means rotogravure printing upon

paper which is subsequently formed into books, magazines, catalogs, brochures,

directories, newspaper supplements, and other types of printed materials.

      (12)

"Flexographic printing" means the application of words, designs and

pictures to a substrate by means of a roll printing technique in which the

pattern to be applied is raised above the printing roll and the image carrier

is made of rubber or other elastomeric materials.

      (13) "Rotogravure

printing" means the application of words, designs, and pictures to a

substrate by means of a roll printing technique which involves intaglio or

recessed image areas in the form of cells.

      (14) "Roll

printing" means the application of words, designs and pictures to a

substrate usually by means of a series of hard rubber or steel rolls each with

only partial coverage.

      (15) "Specialty

rotogravure printing" means all rotogravure printing except packaging

rotogravure and publication rotogravure printing. It includes, but is not

limited to, rotogravure printing on paper cups and plates, patterned gift wrap,

wallpaper and floor coverings.

 

      Section 2.

Applicability. This administrative regulation shall apply to each affected

facility commenced before the classification date defined in Section 1 of this

administrative regulation which is located in a county or portion of a county

which is designated ozone nonattainment, for any nonattainment classification

except marginal, under 401 KAR 51:010.

 

      Section 3. Standard

for VOCs. (1) No person shall cause, allow, or permit an affected facility for

publication rotogravure printing to discharge into the atmosphere more than

twenty-five (25) percent by weight of the VOCs net input into the affected

facility.

      (2) No person shall

cause, allow, or permit an affected facility for packaging rotogravure printing

or specialty rotogravure printing to discharge into the atmosphere more than

thirty-five (35) percent by weight of the VOCs net input into the affected

facility.

      (3) No person shall

cause, allow, or permit an affected facility for flexographic printing to

discharge into the atmosphere more than forty (40) percent by weight of the

VOCs net input into the affected facility.

 

      Section 4.

Compliance. (1) In all cases the design of any control system shall be subject

to approval by the cabinet.

      (2) Compliance with

the standard in Section 3 of this administrative regulation shall be

demonstrated by a material balance unless the cabinet determines that a

material balance is not possible. If a material balance is not possible,

compliance shall be determined based upon an engineering analysis by the

cabinet of the control system design, control device efficiency, control system

capture efficiency, and any other factors that may influence the performance of

the system. If requested by the cabinet, performance tests specified by the

cabinet shall be conducted to determine the efficiency of the control device.

Capture efficiency shall be determined by procedures specified in 401 KAR

50:047.

      (3) With the prior

approval of the cabinet, the owner or operator may elect to effect all changes

necessary to qualify for an exemption under Section 6 of this administrative

regulation.

      (4) If deemed

necessary by the cabinet, the cabinet shall obtain samples of the inks used at

an affected facility to verify that the inks meet the requirements in Section 6

of this administrative regulation. Appendix A to 40 CFR 60, Method 24A, which

has been incorporated by reference in 401 KAR 50:015, shall be used as

applicable unless the cabinet determines that other methods would be more

appropriate. Case-by-case alternatives approved by the cabinet, but not

previously authorized by the U.S. EPA, shall be submitted to the U.S. EPA as a

SIP revision.

      (5) The amount of

exempt solvents shall be subtracted from the amount of inks, just like water,

with the ultimate value of interest being the mass of VOC per unit volume of

ink less exempt solvent or water or both.

      (6) Daily records

shall be maintained by the source for the most recent two (2) year period.

These records shall be made available to the cabinet or the U.S. EPA upon

request. The records shall include, but not be limited to, the following:

      (a) Applicable

administrative regulation number;

      (b) Application

method and substrate type;

      (c) Amount and type

of graphic arts material or solvent used at each point of application,

including exempt compounds;

      (d) The VOC content

as applied in each graphic arts material or solvent;

      (e) The date for

each application for graphic arts material or solvent;

      (f) The amount of

surface preparation, cleanup, or washup solvent (including exempt compounds)

used and the VOC content of each; and

      (g) Oven

temperature, if applicable.

 

      Section 5.

Compliance Timetable. (1) Affected facilities which were subject to this

administrative regulation as in effect on February 4, 1981, shall have achieved

final compliance by December 31, 1982.

      (2) The owner or

operator of an affected facility shall be required to complete the following:

      (a) A final control

plan for achieving compliance with this administrative regulation shall be

submitted no later than nine (9) months after the date the affected facility

becomes subject to this administrative regulation.

      (b) The control

system contract or the exempt inks and any accompanying process change

contracts shall be awarded no later than eleven (11) months after the date the

affected facility becomes subject to this administrative regulation.

      (c) On-site

construction or installation of emission control equipment or process changes

for exempt inks shall be initiated no later than thirteen (13) months after the

date the affected facility becomes subject to this administrative regulation.

      (d) On-site

construction or installation of emission control equipment or process changes

for exempt inks shall be completed no later than seventeen (17) months after

the date the affected facility becomes subject to this administrative

regulation.

      (e) Final compliance

shall be achieved no later than eighteen (18) months after the date the

affected facility becomes subject to this administrative regulation.

      (f) If an affected

facility becomes subject to this administrative regulation because it is

located in a county previously designated nonurban nonattainment or

redesignated in 401 KAR 51:010 after November 15, 1990, final compliance may be

extended to May 31, 1995, and the schedule in paragraphs (a) through (d) of

this subsection adjusted by the cabinet.

 

      Section 6.

Exemptions. Any affected facility shall be exempt from Section 3 of this

administrative regulation if the printing systems:

      (1) Utilize a

waterborne ink whose volatile portion consists of seventy-five (75) volume

percent water and twenty-five (25) volume percent organic solvent (or a lower

VOC content) in all printing units;

      (2) Achieve a

seventy (70) volume percent overall reduction of solvent usage (compared to all

solvent-borne ink usage);

      (3) Utilize inks

which, excluding water, contain sixty (60) percent or more by volume nonvolatile

material as applied to the substrate; or

      (4) Utilize inks

with an emission limit of five-tenths (0.5) VOC/lb solids as delivered to the

applicator. (7 Ky.R. 375; Am. 548; eff. 2-4-81; 8 Ky.R. 915; 9 Ky.R. 373; eff.

9-22-82; 18 Ky.R. 2661; 2955; 3369; eff. 6-24-92; TAm eff. 8-9-2007.)