Consumer Protection Act 2000


Act 15 of 2000






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CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT 2000

Consumer Protection Act 2000 Arrangement of Sections





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CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT 2000

Arrangement of Sections
Section

PART I - PRELIMINARY 5
1 Short title and commencement.........................................................................5
2 Interpretation....................................................................................................6
3 Act binds the Crown ........................................................................................7

PART II - ADMINISTRATION 7
4 Establishment of Consumer Affairs Division and Appointment of

Director and Other Officers .............................................................................7
5 Guiding matters................................................................................................7
6 Functions of the Division.................................................................................8
7 Appointment of Investigators ..........................................................................8
8 Powers of Entry ...............................................................................................9
9 Power to Call for Documents...........................................................................9
10 Preservation of Secrecy....................................................................................9
11 Obstruction of Officers ..................................................................................10

PART III - CONSUMER PROTECTION 10
12 Approved Standards.......................................................................................10
13 Prohibition on Manufacture and Supply of Goods below the Approved

Standard .........................................................................................................11
14 Complaints regarding Sale of Goods below the Approved Standard ............11
15 Failure to Comply with Order an Offence .....................................................11
16 Product Recall................................................................................................12
17 Refusal to sell Goods to be an Offence..........................................................12

Arrangement of Sections Consumer Protection Act 2000





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18 Denial of Possession of any Article for purposes of trade or the Sale of
such Article subject to any Condition to be an Offence.................................12

19 Hoarding of Goods by any Trader to be an Offence ......................................13
20 Trader to Issue Receipts to Purchasers...........................................................13
21 Trader to furnish Notice Board ......................................................................13
22 Misleading or Deceptive Conduct..................................................................14
23 False Representations.....................................................................................14
24 Exclusive Dealing ..........................................................................................14
25 Price Discrimination.......................................................................................15
26 Warranties in relation to the Supply of Services ............................................16
27 Monopolisation...............................................................................................16
28 Certain misleading conduct in relation to Services ........................................17
29 Misleading conduct about after sales service .................................................17

PART IV - ENFORCEMENT AND REMEDIES 17
30 Offences and Penalties ...................................................................................17
31 Prosecuting authority......................................................................................18
32 Liabilities of Certain Persons in respect of Offences Committed by

Bodies Corporate or Unincorporate ...............................................................18
33 Principal liable for Offences of Agents and Servants ....................................19
34 Protection of Officers .....................................................................................19

PART V - MISCELLANEOUS 19
35 Right of Review .............................................................................................19
36 Regulations.....................................................................................................19

Consumer Protection Act 2000 Section 1





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C
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CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT 2000

Act 15 of 2000

AN ACT TO MAKE PROVISION FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE
CONSUMER AND FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF FAIR TRADE

PRACTICES AND FOR OTHER MATTERS CONNECTED
THEREWITH OR INCIDENTAL THERETO

I assent,
TAUFA‘AHAU TUPOU IV,

7th November, 2000

[7th November, 2000]

BE IT ENACTED by the King and Legislative Assembly of Tonga in the Legislature
of the Kingdom as follows: —

PART I - PRELIMINARY

1 Short title and commencement
(1) This Act may be cited as the Consumer Protection Act 2000.

(2) This Act shall come into force on a date to be proclaimed by His Majesty
in Council.

Section 2 Consumer Protection Act 2000





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2 Interpretation
In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires: —

“consumer” means a person who acquires goods or services from a
manufacturer or trader;

“defect in relation to goods” or “defective goods” means goods that do
not comply with a product safety or quality standard as prescribed by
Regulations for goods and includes new or second-hand goods that are in
the particular circumstances dangerous or unfit for use;

“division” means the Consumer Affairs Division established under
section 4;

“goods” means any consumer goods of whatever nature sold for valuable
consideration and includes, the sale of gas, electricity, water and
communications;

“manufacturer” means any person who —
(a) makes any goods;
(b) assembles or joins any; or
(c) adapts for sale or repairs any goods;

“Minister” means the Minister of Labour, Commerce and Industries;

“services” include any rights, benefits privileges and facilities that are, or
are to be provided, granted or conferred under —
(a) a contract for or in relation to —

(i) the performance of work (including work of a professional
nature), whether with or without the supply of goods;

(ii) the provision of gas, electricity, water or communications;
(iii) the provision, or making available for use, of facilities for

amusement, entertainment, recreation or instruction; or
(iv) the conferring of rights, benefits or privileges for which

remuneration is payable in the form of royalty, levy or
similar payment;

“trader” means any person carrying on business as —
(a) an importer of goods for the purposes of sale or supply;
(b) an exporter of goods in pursuance of a contract of sale or supply;

and includes —
(i) a person who sells or supplies goods wholesale to any other

trader or consumer; and
(ii) a person who sells or supplies goods at retail rates to

consumers;

Consumer Protection Act 2000 Section 3





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(c) a person who supplies services.

3 Act binds the Crown
This Act binds the Crown.

PART II - ADMINISTRATION

4 Establishment of Consumer Affairs Division and Appointment of
Director and Other Officers
(1) There shall be established a Consumer Affairs Division, which shall

consist of —
(a) a Director; and
(b) such other officers as may be appointed under subsection (2).

(2) Any appointment made under subsection (1) shall be in accordance with
the Government Act.

5 Guiding matters
In the exercise of its functions under this Act, the Division shall have special
regard to the following matters —

(a) the protection of the interests of consumers;
(b) the responsibility of the manufacturer or trader to ensure that goods

offered to consumers meet certain reasonable demands of
durability, utility and reliability and are suited for the purpose for
which they are intended;

(c) the efficient operation of any person or body engaged in the
production of goods or the provision of services or in any activity
connected with or incidental to the production of goods or the
provision of services;

(d) to establish and maintain legal or administrative measures to enable
consumers to obtain redress through procedures that are
expeditious, fair, inexpensive and accessible;

(e) the need to develop, strengthen and maintain a strong consumer
policy for the protection of consumers in accordance with the
economic and social circumstances of the country; and

(f) other objectives of economic and social policy of the Government.

Section 6 Consumer Protection Act 2000





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6 Functions of the Division
(1) The Division may —

(a) advise any person in relation to the provisions of this Act and take
action for remedying infringements of, or for securing compliance
with those provisions;

(b) make available to consumers and persons dealing with consumers
general information with respect to matters affecting the interests of
consumers;

(c) receive complaints from any person or consumer groups on matters
relating to the manufacture and supply of goods or services, and
deal with any such complaint in such manner as the Division
considers appropriate;

(d) investigate the matter the subject of a complaint received under
paragraph (c) or refer the complaint to any other body, that the
Division considers appropriate to take necessary action, or provide
advice in relation to the complaint; and

(e) make known by publication or otherwise the rights and obligations
arising under laws relating to the interests of consumers.

(2) The Director shall report annually to the Minister of functions performed
by the Division pursuant to subsection (1).

(3) Where a complaint is received under subsection (1)(c), the
Division may —
(a) investigate the complaint even if it has been referred to another

body; or
(b) refer the complaint to any other body, even if an investigation of the

matter has been commenced or completed by the Division.

7 Appointment of Investigators
(1) The Minister may by notice in the Gazette appoint any officer as an

investigator for the purposes of this Act and shall provide the officer with
a certificate of identity as an investigator.

(2) An investigator who exercises a function conferred by section 8 or 9 shall
produce his certificate of identification if requested so to do by a person
apparently in charge there or apparently in charge of any work being
carried on there or any person required to comply with the requirements of
section 8.

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8 Powers of Entry
An investigator may enter any place that he believes on reasonable grounds to be
a place where goods are manufactured, prepared or supplied or a place where
services are supplied or arranged or any other business or trade is carried
on and —

(a) inspect any goods or partly manufactured goods and make such
other inspections as he considers to be necessary for the purposes of
this Act;

(b) take any goods or partly manufactured goods on payment by him of
a fair price if he wishes to examine them further for the purposes of
this Act;

(c) take a sample of anything from which goods are manufactured or
prepared in that place;

(d) make an inquiry necessary for the purposes of this Act of any
person employed or present in that place; or

(e) inspect and take copies of any record required under this Act to be
kept in respect of such business:

Provided that he shall only enter such place in exercise of his powers under this
section at any time that the goods are being manufactured or prepared, the
services are being supplied or arranged or other business or trade is being carried
out or between the hours of 9am and 4pm.

9 Power to Call for Documents
(1) The Director shall have the power to call for any returns, balance sheets,

accounting documents, inventories and other information from any
manufacturer or trader if the Director considers it necessary for the
purposes of this Act.

(2) When the Director calls for anything under subsection (1), he shall state
the time within which such thing shall be produced to him but such time
shall not be less than three days.

(3) If the manufacturer or trader fails within the time specified to supply
anything called for by the Director under subsection (1), the Director may
apply ex parte to the Supreme Court for a production order.

10 Preservation of Secrecy
(1) Except as provided by subsection (2), a person engaged in the

administration of this Act shall not disclose to any person any information
or evidence given, of the contents of any document produced pursuant to

Section 11 Consumer Protection Act 2000





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section 9 without the written permission of the Minister given in relation
to the disclosure.

(2) The Minister shall only grant the permission referred to in subsection (1)
after he has given an opportunity for the manufacturer or trader to make
any representations and having considered them he is satisfied that to do
so would be in the public interest.

(3) It is not a contravention of subsection (1) if, in any legal proceedings a
person discloses any information, evidence or contents referred to in that
subsection in answering a question that a person is compellable to answer
in those proceedings.

11 Obstruction of Officers
Any person who —

(a) hinders, obstructs or interferes with an officer in the performance of
his duties;

(b) assaults an officer; or
(c) being the occupier or person in charge of any place entered by an

officer under a power conferred by this Act, fails to provide the
officer with all reasonable facilities and assistance for the effective
exercise of the officer's powers under this Act,

commits an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not
exceeding $1,000 or to imprisonment not exceeding one year or to both.

PART III - CONSUMER PROTECTION

12 Approved Standards
(1) The Minister may by regulations prescribe approved standards for any

goods after such consultation as he deems necessary.

(2) Approved standards for goods may include requirements as to —
(a) performance, composition, contents, manufacture, processing,

design, construction, finish or packaging of the goods;
(b) the testing of the goods during, or after the completion of,

manufacture or processing;
(c) the form and content of markings, labels, warnings or instructions

to accompany the goods;
(d) equipment or accessories to be supplied with the goods,

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(e) minimum quality or grade;
(f) measures that manufacturers or traders should take to ensure safe

and proper handling or storage; and
(g) such other safety standards, measures or specifications, as are

reasonably necessary to prevent or reduce risk of injury to person or
damage to property or equipment.

13 Prohibition on Manufacture and Supply of Goods below the
Approved Standard
(1) A person shall not manufacture, supply or trade goods in relation to which

there is an approved standard, unless the goods comply with the standard.

(2) If a person supplies goods in contravention of subsection (1) and a
consumer suffers loss or damage due to a defect in, or a dangerous
characteristic of, the goods, or by inadequate information in relation to the
goods, the consumer shall be deemed, for the purposes of the Act to have
suffered the loss or damage as the result of failure to comply with the
approved standards.

14 Complaints regarding Sale of Goods below the Approved Standard
(1) The Director may inquire into complaints regarding the manufacture or

sale of any goods that do not conform to an approved standard.

(2) Any complaint under subsection (1) shall be made to the Director in
writing within fourteen days of such sale.

(3) When inquiring into such complaint, the Director shall give the
manufacturer or trader against whom such complaint is made an
opportunity to answer the complaint.

(4) Where the Director is of the opinion, after inquiry, that a manufacture or
sale has been made of any goods not conforming to the approved standard
he shall order the manufacturer or trader to pay compensation to the
aggrieved party or to replace such goods or to refund the amount paid for
such goods within a specified period.

(5) An order made under subsection (4) shall be made in writing and served
on the manufacturer or trader.

15 Failure to Comply with Order an Offence
Subject to the provisions of Section 35, where any manufacturer or trader fails or
refuses to comply with an order made under subsection (4) of section 14, such
manufacturer or trader shall be guilty of an offence under this Act.

Section 16 Consumer Protection Act 2000





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16 Product Recall
The Minister may order a manufacturer or trader of defective goods to do one or
more of the following —

(a) recall the goods in a manner and within a time specified in
the order;

(b) disclose to the public, or to a class of persons specified in the order,
in a manner and within a period specified —
(i) the nature of any defect in the goods identified in the order;
(ii) the circumstances in which the use of the goods is dangerous;

or
(iii) the manner for disposing of the goods;

(c) notify the public or a class of persons specified in the order in a
manner and within a period specified in the order, that the
manufacturer or trader undertakes to do whichever of the following
is appropriate —
(i) except where the order identifies a dangerous characteristic

of the goods, repair the goods;
(ii) replace the goods; or
(iii) refund to the person to whom the goods were supplied, the

full price of the goods.

17 Refusal to sell Goods to be an Offence
(1) Any trader who refuses to sell goods in his possession or custody or under

his control for the purposes of trade commits an offence.

(2) In any prosecution under subsection (1), it shall be a sufficient defence for
the accused to prove —
(a) that on the occasion in question he supplied a reasonable quantity of

the goods or did not have a sufficient quantity in his possession to
supply the quantity; or

(b) that he carried on business in the goods as a wholesale trader only,
and that the sale of the quantity demanded by the buyer would have
been contrary to the normal practice of a wholesale business.

18 Denial of Possession of any Article for purposes of trade or the Sale
of such Article subject to any Condition to be an Offence
Any trader who has in his possession or custody or under his control any goods
for the purposes of trade and who —

(a) denies the possession of such goods; or

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(b) offers such goods for sale subject to a condition requiring the
purchase of any other goods or the making of any payment in
respect of any service or to any other condition other than the
condition that the buyer shall pay the price of such goods,

commits an offence.

19 Hoarding of Goods by any Trader to be an Offence
(1) Any trader who conceals in his place of business or in any other place any

goods in such quantity as is, in the opinion of the Director, in excess of
the normal personal requirement of such trader commits an offence.

(2) Any trader who has in his possession or custody or under his control in his
place of business or in any other place, any goods in such quantity as is, in
the opinion of the Director, in excess of —
(a) the quantity required for his personal consumption and of the

members of the household; or
(b) the requirements of the normal trading activity of such trader,

commits an offence.

20 Trader to Issue Receipts to Purchasers
Every trader who sells any goods shall on demand, issue to the purchaser thereof
a receipt setting out —

(a) the date of the sale;
(b) the quantity of goods sold;
(c) the price paid for such quantity; and
(d) whether the sale was wholesale or retail.

21 Trader to furnish Notice Board
(1) Every trader shall provide in a place clearly visible to the public in his

place of business a notice board for the display of any notice, direction or
warning issued by the Director.

(2) Every trader shall affix or cause to be affixed on such notice board any
notice, direction or warning issued to such trader by the Director under
this Act.

(3) Any person who removes, alters, obliterates, erases or defaces such notice,
direction or warning without the authority of the Director commits an
offence.

Section 22 Consumer Protection Act 2000





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22 Misleading or Deceptive Conduct
Any trader or person who, in the course of a trade or business, engages in
conduct that is misleading or deceptive or is likely to mislead or deceive or is
intended to mislead or deceive commits an offence.

23 False Representations
Any trader or person who, in the course of a trade or business, in connection
with the supply or use of goods or services —

(a) falsely represents that goods or services are of a particular standard,
quality or grade, or that goods are of a particular style or mode;

(b) falsely represents that goods are new;
(c) falsely represents that goods or services have sponsorship,

approval, performance, characteristic, accessories, uses or benefits;
(d) falsely represents that such trader has a sponsorship approval or

affiliation;
(e) makes false or misleading statements concerning the need for any

goods, services, replacements or repairs; or
(f) makes false or misleading statements concerning the existence or

effect of any warranty or guarantee,

commits an offence.

24 Exclusive Dealing
(1) Any trader who, in the course of a trade or business, except with the

written approval of the Director granted in the interest of the national
economy, engages in the practice of exclusive dealing, commits an
offence.

(2) A trader engages in the practice of exclusive dealing if such trader —
(a) supplies any goods or services;
(b) charges a price for the supply of any goods or services; or
(c) gives or allows a discount, allowance, rebate or credit in relation to

the supply of any goods or services,

on the condition, or subject to a contract, arrangement or understanding,
that the person to whom such trader supplies goods or services —

(i) shall not, or shall to a limited extent only, acquire goods or
services from a competitor of such trader; or

(ii) in the case where such trader supplies goods

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(aa) shall not, or shall to a limited extent only, supply any
of the goods to particular persons or to persons
included in a particular class of persons; or

(bb) shall not, or shall to a limited extent only, in particular
places supply any of the goods to other persons; or

(d) requires, as the condition of the supply to a person of goods or
services of a kind that he could not lawfully supply but for the issue
or grant to the trade of a licence, permit, authority or registration
under any written law, that the person acquire all or part of his
requirements of other goods or services directly or indirectly from
such trader; or

(e) requires, as a condition of the supply to a person of goods or
services, that the person acquire all or a part of his requirements of
other goods or services directly or indirectly from a second person.

25 Price Discrimination
(1) Any trader who, in a trade or business, discriminates between purchasers

of goods of like grade and quality in relation to —
(a) the prices charged for the goods;
(b) any discounts, allowances, rebates or credits given in relation to the

supply of the goods;
(c) the provision of services or facilities in respect of the goods; or
(d) the making of payments for services or facilities provided in respect

of the goods,

if the discrimination is of such magnitude or is of such a recurring or
systematic character that it is likely to have the effect of substantially
lessening competition in a market for goods, being a market in which the
trader supplies goods, commits an offence.

(2) The provisions of subsection (1) shall not apply if —
(a) only reasonable allowance is made for differences in the cost or

likely cost of manufacture, distribution, sale or delivery resulting
from the different places to which, methods by which or quantities
in which goods are supplied to the purchasers; or

(b) the act was done in good faith to meet a price or benefit offered by
a competitor of the trader.

(3) In any proceeding for the contravention of the provisions of subsection
(1), the burden of proving that the subsection does not apply is on the
party asserting it.

(4) Any person who, in a trade or business —

Section 26 Consumer Protection Act 2000





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(a) knowingly induces or attempts to induce a trader to discriminate in
a manner prohibited by subsection (1); or

(b) enters into any transaction that to his knowledge would result in his
receiving the benefit of a discrimination that is prohibited by that
subsection;

commits an offence.

(5) In any proceeding against a person under subsection (4), it shall be
sufficient defence for a person to establish that he reasonably believed, by
reason of subsection (2), the discrimination concerned was not prohibited.

26 Warranties in relation to the Supply of Services
(1) In every contract for the supply of services by a trader to a consumer there

shall be an implied warranty that the services shall be rendered with due
care and skill and that any materials used or supplied in connection with
those services shall be reasonably fit for the purpose for which they are
used or supplied.

(2) Where a trader supplies services to a consumer in the course of a business
and the consumer, expressly or by implication, makes known to the trader
any particular purpose for which the services are required or the results he
desires the services to achieve, there is an implied warranty that the
services supplied under the contract for the supply of the services and any
materials supplied in connection with those services shall be reasonably fit
for that purpose or are of such a nature and quality that they might
reasonably be expected to achieve that result, except where circumstances
show the consumer does not rely, or that it is unreasonable for him to rely,
on the trader's skill or judgment.

(3) In this section, “services” include services by way of —
(a) the construction, maintenance, repair, treatment, processing,

cleaning or alteration of goods; or
(b) the distribution of goods; or
(c) the transportation of goods.

27 Monopolisation
(1) A trader who, either by himself or with any other person, is in a position

substantially to control a market for goods or services shall not do any act
by virtue of being in that position with the intent —
(a) to eliminate or to substantially lessening competition in that market

or in another market;

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(b) to prevent the entry of a person into that market or into another
market; or

(c) to deter or prevent a person from engaging in competitive
behaviour in that market or in another market.

(2) For the purposes of this section, reference to a trader being in a position
substantially to control a market for goods and services includes a
reference to a trader who, by reason of his share of the market combined
with availability of technical knowledge, raw materials or capital, has
power to determine the prices or control the production or distribution, of
a substantial part of the goods or services in the market.

28 Certain misleading conduct in relation to Services
Any trader who, in trade or commerce, engages in any conduct that is liable to
mislead the public as to the nature, the characteristics, the suitability for their
purpose or the quantity of any services, commits an offence.

29 Misleading conduct about after sales service
Any manufacturer or trader who in relation to the sale of any goods engages in
conduct that is liable to mislead the consumer into believing that after sales
service is available for the particular goods, unless he has in place suitable
facilities for the provision of such services, commits an offence.

PART IV - ENFORCEMENT AND REMEDIES

30 Offences and Penalties
(1) Every person who acts in contravention of any provision of this Act or

any regulation made thereunder commits an offence. Every person who
commits an offence for which no other penalty is provided under this Act
shall be liable on conviction —
(a) in the case of a first offence to a fine not exceeding $3,000 or to

imprisonment for a period not exceeding 1 year or to both such fine
and imprisonment; and

(b) in the case of a subsequent offence to a fine not exceeding $7,000
or to imprisonment for a period not exceeding 2 years or to both
such fine and imprisonment.

Section 31 Consumer Protection Act 2000





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(2) The court which convicts any person of an offence under this Act may
order the forfeiture of any goods in respect of which the offence
was committed.

(3) The court which convicts any person of an offence under this Act may
order that such person shall not carry on the business of providing any
service or selling or offering for sale any goods for such period as may be
specified in the order.

(4) Any person who contravenes an order of court under subsection (3)
commits an offence.

31 Prosecuting authority
(1) Prosecutions under this Act may be brought —

(a) by or on behalf of the Attorney General;
(b) by a member of the police; or
(c) by or on behalf of the Director.

(2) A person referred to in subsection (1)(b) or (c), whether or not a law
practitioner, may lay, institute or conduct any charge, information,
complaint or other proceeding arising under this Act, subject to any
directions issued by the Attorney General.

32 Liabilities of Certain Persons in respect of Offences Committed by
Bodies Corporate or Unincorporate
Where an offence under this Act is committed by a body of persons —

(a) if the body of persons is a body corporate, every person who at the
time of the commission of the offence was a director, general
manager, secretary or other similar officer of that body corporate;
or

(b) if the body of persons is other than a body corporate, every person
who at the time of the commission of the offence was a member of
that body,

shall be deemed to have committed that offence unless he proves that the offence
was committed without his knowledge or connivance and that he exercised all
such diligence to prevent the commission of the offence as he ought to have
exercised having regard to the nature of his functions and in all the
circumstances.

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33 Principal liable for Offences of Agents and Servants
Where an agent or servant of any manufacturer or trader commits any offence
under this Act, such offence shall be deemed to have been committed by such
manufacturer or trader unless he proves that such offence was committed
without his knowledge.

34 Protection of Officers
In any proceedings instituted against any officer, appointed for the purposes of
this Act, for any act done or purported to be done by him in the performance of
his duties under this Act, it shall be a defence that he acted in good faith.

PART V - MISCELLANEOUS

35 Right of Review
(1) Any manufacturer or trader who is dissatisfied with an order made by the

Director under section 14, may, within 14 days apply to the Minister to
have the order reviewed.

(2) The Minister may where an application is made pursuant to subsection
(1), confirm, modify or reverse the order under review or any part of
that order.

36 Regulations
The Minister with the consent of Cabinet may make regulations for the giving
effect to and carrying out the purposes of this Act and may provide for —

(a) the manner in which complaints may be made and investigations
conducted;

(b) information that a manufacturer or trader is required to provide to a
consumer for charges made for services provided; or

(c) any other thing required by this Act to be prescribed.



Passed in the Legislative Assembly this 4th day of September 2000.