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AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT
Number: 3087 /QE-BNN-TCLN
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THE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM.
Independence-Freedom-Happiness
Nationwide, August 4, 2015
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A DECISION.
Enact the temporary guidance of the breeding, cultivation, care, collection of fruits and seed preparation of the case.
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MINISTER OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT
Base of Protocol 119 /2013/ND-CP 26 November 2013 of the Government regulates the functions, duties, powers, and organizational structure of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development;
At the request of the Director General of Forestry,
A DECISION.
What? 1. It is accompanied by this decision to temporarily guide the breed, cultivation, care, collection of fruit and fruit.
What? 2. This decision is in effect from the date of the signing.
What? 3. Chief of the Department, General Directorate General of Forestry, the Chief of the Department of Technology and Environmental Sciences, Director of the Department of Agriculture and Rural Development of the Central City provinces, the Head of the Agency, Organization and related individuals can be found. the responsibility for execution of this Decision ./.
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KT. MINISTER. CAPTAIN. (signed)
Hà jun Tuan |
TEMPORARY GUIDANCE
Breeding techniques, planting, care, collection of fruits and seeds of seed crops.
(Board with Decision No. 3087 /QE-BNN-TCLN on 4 August 2015 by the Ministry of Agriculture and PTNT)
I. INTRODUCED GENERAL
1. The case is a common name for nine species of tree species Macadamia -Yeah.-Yeah. (Proteaceae) And there are two species of trees with commercial value. Macadamia Integrifolia Maiden &Betche and Macadamia tetraphylla L. Johnson is native to the Australian East-South Queensland and East-North New South Wales coastal areas, which are developed in the rainforests, in wet areas and along the banks of the river; the other seven species are not edible because of the bitter taste.
2. The case is a wooden trunk, a nut group, a seed with a hard shell, a ratio of 30 to 50%, the ratio of oil in the 71-80%. The case is used as a pastry, chocolate, cream, cake, or eaten directly in a box.
3. The case was widely used and cultivated in Hawai since the 1930s, and has been widely cultivated in Australia since 1960. Currently the case has been planted in several other places such as China, South Africa, Kenya, Zimbabuê Israel, California, Guatemala, Brazil, Costa Rica etc.
II. CROP CONDITIONS
1. Climate
a) The average temperature: 15 ° C-35 °C, which is the most suitable for 20 °C-25 °C;
b) annual rainfall: 1600mm-2500mm;
c) The altitude compared to the sea surface: 10 m-1200 m;
d) Little places with unwind (Laos), dew, rain.
2. Land and terrain
a) Land: Should only be grown in good places, preferable in places with soil thickness > 50 cm, light organic composition, good drainage ability, organic rich, pH (kcl) = 4-6.5; not growing crops on sandy soil, wetland, sour soil;
b) The terrain: The relative flat, the slope < 20 °.
III. ARTIFICIAL ENGINEERING BY TRANSMPLICING
1. Standard Job
a) Select the area of the nursery:
The incubation area must ensure the following conditions:
Convenient for the transport of the baby tree and near the water supply of water; the cool, flat and drainage of the water; the soil has a mild meat base to the medium.
b) As the earth, in vain:
-Clean up the grass, the tree of the tree, and the plow of the plow, and the ground before it is in the end.
-For the seeds of the seed: the size of the bed, the length of eight, and the length of eight, and the edge of the bed, and the edge of the bed, and the edge of the bed, and the edge of the bed, and the edge of the bed, and the sand thereof, and the sand thereof, and the sand thereof, and the sand thereof, and the thickness of the sand, 15-20 cm; and the sand is clean with the sand. Irrigation of Ben slice C in a concentration of 0.3% or a violet solution (KMnO) 4 ) concentration of 0.1%; the amount of 10 litres per 10 m 2 ()
For the void is four to six: the size of the field is four to six; they shall make a flat bed, and make sure the water is good.
c) Make the scaffold: Thousand coverings to cover the ball, avoid direct light for trees on the entire area of the incubation area. The scaffold made of black nylon nets have a 60-75% cover or a glass of nylon roof; the height of the scaffold is from 2.5-3m; the size of the horizontal width and width of the scaffold by the size of the incubation zone;
d) Cover: The canopy is used to keep moisture, keep heat, avoid direct sunlight for the seed, the baby tree. The canopy is made of white nylon on the semi-circular frame by bamboo or iron; the dome size covers 1-1.2m.
Preparation of supplies, fertilizer, tools, chemicals: Polyethylene bags of 20 × 30 cm or 25x35cm, there are 4-6 holes in the bottom of the gourd; specialized wiring; arboreal soil for closing; manure hoai, super-unicorn (P) 2 O. 5 ); nPK (7:7: 3 or 13:13: 3); lime powder (CaO); chemicals: Benlate C antifungal or purple pill (KMnO) 4 ) and the necessary instruments (shovels, shovels, cuttings, knives, bucketers, sticks, wet nuts, nylon bags, sponges).
2. Create the original tree
a) Gieo:
-After collecting the shell for the seeds, the seeds, the grains, the dark brown shells, the size of each other, not the worm, the maximum sowing within 15 days; processed particles by soaking in the antifungal solution, Ben slice C, 0.5% in the water. About 6-8 hours, then pick up the water; the formula, " " Ben, " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " C, " " C, " " " C, " " " " " " " " " "
-The particle after being treated with the sowing in the horizontal rows, between the four-five-centimeter rows, between the particles in the 2-3cm row (7-10kg). 2 And it shall be, when he sows, that the portion of the stem shall go up toward the top, and the belly of the belly shall go down to the ground; and it shall be sown, and shall cover the seed of the sand, which is four to five centimeters; and it shall cover the covering of the ground, and cover it, and keep it, and keep it, and keep it
-Irrigation two times a day with lotus sprinklers; water water is 3-5 inches per foot. 2 ; maintaining moisture from the age of the plant is sown on 30-35 days; often the prevention of ants and other damaging insects; the seeds after planting 20-30 days begin to crack the fangs, germination.
b) Create:
-A 69% good organic mixture with a good soil component, mixed with a mixture of 30% of hoai and 1% superphosphare;
-Election by giving the appendix mixture to the polyethylene bag in each layer is lightly compressed; the following is folded in the open; from 4-6 to one row; two rows are left;
-Room, anti-fungal disease by irrigation of Ben slices C concentration 0.3% or purple pills (KMnO) 4 ) The concentration of 0.1% in the field before planting the germ from 3-4 hours; the amount of 4-5 lít/m. 2 .
c) A germ in the field:
-Choose a germ: Select a germ of 2-4 leaves, normal development, not worm; use hand or tools by sand to plant the germ, with gentle manipulation, do not break the root and not let the seeds be severed from the germ;
Germination: Use a flat-pointed stick with a width of 2-3 cm (implants) that poke a major hole between the soil; the hole size is larger than the root beam and the seeds of the germ, the depth of the implant deeper than the length of the root; the root and the root of the tree into the hole has formed, keeping it. The vertical tree, using the two-sided soil gently implants, takes root and seed seed.
d) root care:
-Water the plant twice/day in the morning and evening; the water water is 5-6 lít/m. 2 And the time of the grass, and the breaking of the surface of the face of the voting; and the smoking of the defense against the letter, and the caterer;
-Fertilizers with the NPK (13:13 ;3), which is immersed in the water, stirring, stirring, with water, with a water solution, a concentration of 1% (a ratio of 10 grams per litre of water); the amount of 5-6 lít/m. 2 And after the watering thing the water is clean, and the water shall wash the leaves.
-The 12-15-month-old raised up in healthy plants, healthy adults, no worm transplanted into a separate bed before a 1-2 month.
-The original standard put into a transplant must have a diameter of 0.8-1.3 cm, height 0.5-0.7m.
3. Create a
a) Choose the tree to take the twigs:
-The tree of the branch is the first tree tree or garden tree planted with an incalculable human tree from the strains that have been recognized by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development; currently, the OC, 246, 816, 842, Daddow, 695, 741, 800, 900, 849;
-The age of the tree takes three years of age to reach; the time of the twigs, each head of the line only works for the first 15 years.
b) Select a branch:
Choose the secondary branch (level 2, level 3) in the canopy, where the full light is received; without the branches, the branches pass, the branches are deep;
-The standard of the branch, choosing the brandized branches, is not too old, ages 1-1.5 years; the diameter of 0.7-1.0 cm is equivalent or smaller than the original diameter of 25-35cm; the bark is dark brown or blue; the leaves are as thick as possible;
-The number of branches being taken per tree in the year depending on the age of the tree, at the age of 3-5 should only take a maximum of 100 times per month; the age 6-8 takes a maximum of 200 times per month; it is a 9-10 year old for a maximum of 400 city/trees.
c) The engineering cuts:
-Use the scissors cut from the front tree, the length of the branch is about 30-50 cm; cut all the leaves on the branch or may leave the leaves but cut off two-thirds of each leaf;
-Branches cut from the trees and the lines that are left separately and then put together in separate rows; the twigs are covered with wet rags to preserve the moisture, then move back to the hom and grafted it in the day; the branch has no leaves that can be preserved on the day. After;
-The timing of the cut was done from September last year to March next year.
) Preparing a graft:
-Using a branch cut into hom fragments about 8-12 cm long, there is a diameter corresponding to the grafted root; the minimum hom must have two loops of leaf; not part of the tops of the tops to graft; and using the two-faced pair of cuttings of the hom.
-A bunch of hots put together small bundles in each line, wrapped in a bag of cloth, a clean paper dipped the wet water, then put it in the pore or put it in the plastic bag; the transplant went nowhere.
Prepare the compound:
-Use the cut of the top of the root tree; the location cuts to about 25-35cm; the ground is a 2-3 loop cut near the base of the transplant, leaving the lower leaves.
e) Engineering transplant;
-The time of the transplant from September last year to March next year, preferable from November the previous year to March of the following year; and so on to put together on the days of the dark, the absolute unpaired of the days of rain;
-Serial pairing: At the point where the point was cut, using the stem-spliced stem from the bottom to 3-4 cm; requiring a quick, cut-down, flat-cut, smooth-cut, smooth-to-stem-to-be-of-the-the-the-the-the-the-the-one. Well, the hom is resourceful at the base of the hom stem from the top to the top, about three to four centimeters long; the hom pressure grafted to the base at the surface of the cutting edge, so that the contact surface of the hom is paired with a tightly coupled root; use the wire to try and protect it. -
-Wedge wedge: At the top of the line, use a double cleaver of the width of the trunk, 2.5-3 cm long; the graft is resourceful on the lower part of the hom, 2.5-3 cm long; put the hom, which is resourceful, so that the contact surface of the hom is grafted to the surface. The stem is as close together as possible; use the strap to try and protect the puzzle.
-Wiring-wrapped technique:
+ Case-to-graft case: Use a dedicated strap that wraps up the clockwise direction from the bottom up; layer it up and stack it up to the top layer, starting from the transplant position (the contact between the root and the hom) up to the top of the graft, then flip the wire. You put it down below, it ' s a little fibrils, it ' s a rope, it ' s going to wrap it up to the bottom of the clock, and it ' s going to wrap it up to the next two-and-a-half-loop.
+ Case-grafted hom case: Use a dedicated strap or a homemade nylon cord wrapped up like the top, starting from the position of a graft, wrapped up above about 1-2cm (left 4-6cm hom not wrapped), then wrapped back in the grafted position and then reclenking; using A small white plastic bag with a pocket size that fits the hom together with a graft of a graft, which is bound to the point of a graft, which is forced to cut off the mouth to rain water or when watering is not ingrained in the contact between the branch and the transplant. (The homemade nylon, required to choose white nylon, soft).
f) In vain:
-The hom with leaves and no leaves are classified as separate beds and follow specific lines to apply the different care and management modes, the certification level derived from the latter.
The hom has the leaves to cover nylon with a radius of 1-1.2m; a time of 45-55 days, when the hom is 2-3 cm long away from the nylon.
g) tree care engineering:
-A tree with no leaves: Two times a day in the early morning, and the water is hydrated with a shower, and the water is about 4 to 5 inches per foot. 2 Without watering the position of the puzzle.
The fig tree has a leaf: the waters of the water round about outside the trench, and let the water enter into the floor of the bed, and they enter into the coupling of the grafted tree.
-After every rain if there ' s water in a plastic bag, it ' s taken out of the water, and then it ' s taken back, and then it ' s taken two to four, and then it ' s got two-four leaves to remove the bag, so that the bud is normally developed; each one of them has left to one-two shoots; it ' s regularly trimmated. And the bud of the root
-Fertilizers: When the bud comes up 6-8 leaves, the NPK (13:13: 3) is made with a concentration of 1%; the average irrigation is about 2-3 lít/m. 2 It shall be a ten day watt of water; it shall water it in the evening, and shall not water it at the time of the tree, and it shall be for a month; and it shall be a month for the grass, and it shall be shaken in the face of the
-Adjust the shade: When the tree has switched on stable shoots (after three to four months) reduce the shade of the scaffold to 30-40%; before putting together a crop of 1-2 months to remove the scaffold completely to train the plant to adapt to the condition. the planting;
-Elected Island: Before planting a month of the island needs to be elected and sort of a grafted tree, separate the fine grafted plants, not the depth of the disease, it ' s about 50cm to prepare the garden; the less mature trees are continued to take care of the standard. cultivated (note still adhering to the principle of classification by line of its own).
i) The standard of planting plants:
-The grafted tree has a six-month post; the bud height has been turned from 20 cm or more (the height of the compound above 50 cm); the diameter of the neckline from 1.0 to 1.5 cm;
-Good mats, no worms, green leaves, normal development leaves.
IV. PLANT ENGINEERING
1. The method, density and time of cultivation
a) The accor tree can be planted in two pure cultivation methods or cultivated with coffee, tea, and pepper.
-Grow pure with a density of 205 cc/ha (7 x 7m) to 278 seconds /ha (6 x 6m range);
-Plant intercalation in the Trench in the coffee in 124 seconds/ha (9 x 9m), 138 c/ha (12 x 6m), density 124 c/ha (9 x 9m), 111 trees (15x6m).
b) The best crop time is spring for the northern provinces; for the southern provinces planted at the beginning of the rainy season.
2. Processing of the packaging, making soil, digging and filling the hole
a) A comprehensive cleanup to reduce weeds, worms, and avoid nutrient competition. The hoe flip or the ground, the clots of the land, the clots of 1.5-2m. 2 Around the pit, picking up large tree roots (above 2cm), for the slopes of the slopes (<20 °) should be on the scale of the road with a wide range of 2-4m;
b) Defaches the size 80 x 80 x 60 cm, the pit is dug before planting at least 1-1.5 months for the exposure; when digging attention to the ground layer on its own side to mix with the fattage when filling the hole;
c) Bón lined and filled the hole before planting for at least 1.5 months; each 50 kg manure manure or islet of birth (the dose according to the packaging), 500g NPK and 300g of powdery lime are mixed with the ground; filling the hole with the surrounding ground, creating high turtle morphology. It ' s more than a 2-3cm natural ground.
3. Engineering
a) On each unit area planted from 4-5 strains of the case (not to plant a single line); the layout planted each interlated line to help increase the incidence of fruit, increased disease resistance, reduce the risk of loss of season, in particular the increase in the grade 1 per seed. international standard;
b) A hole in the midst of a hole in the midst of the pit, and a hole in the midst of the pit;
c) Rind the nylon casing out of the land; placing the short in the hole in the hole of the vertical tree; filling the ground and compressing; the ground around the base of the 40 cm tree into a turtle, which is about five centimeters above the ground to easily drain when it rains; note the real action. a gentle way to avoid breaking the land of the tree;
d) Use three 60-80 cm tall poles into the surrounding triangle, 40-50 cm (40 in) from the tree of the tree, which is set on the pile on the pole, which corresponds to two-thirds of the height of the tree, and is forced into the trunk of the tree to try and protect the tree from the wind.
e) Stubble Cabinets, grasses or accrets thick 4-5 cm wide around the tree stem to keep moisture and prevent weeds.
V. ENGINEERING CARE, CULTIVABLE CROPS
1. Care
a) If there is no rain, then it shall be at least 20 days for the plant to recover, and to be rejuvenated; for the next two months shall be wated the tree once a week, and the water water is 10 to 15;
b) The disturbance, making grass, breaks down the tree stem from 0.8-1m; every year takes care of twice and conducts regularly every year.
2. Bón
a) Bón ends when the crops are 2 years old and upward, fertiliser in January-2 annually by the manure of hoai combining the NPK and lime powder;
b) The plaster and 25-35cm deep groove in the shape of the foliage, and the spread of the fold before then sprinkle lime, for a thin layer of ground that is evenly mixed evenly and eventually evenly distributed the NPK and the soil, in particular:
-Year 2: Bón 10-20kg manure hoai or biofertilizer (the dose according to the packaging) combine 0.1kg of NPK and 0.1kg of powder lime;
-The third year: Bón 20-30kg manure hoai or biofertilizer (the dose according to the packaging) combine 0.2kg of NPK and 0.1kg of powder lime;
-Year 4; Bón 30-40kg of manure or microbiomes (the dose according to the packaging) combine 0.3kg of NPK and 0.1kg of powder lime;
-Year 5: Bón 40-50kg of hoai or biofertilizer (the dose according to the packaging) combine 0.4kg of NPK and 0.1kg of powder lime;
-The next few years when the tree came out: the 50-70kg fertiliser of hoai or microbiomes (the dose according to the packaging) combined 1,0kg of the body and 0.2-0.4kg of Kali and 0.1kg of powdery lime.
-Fertilizers: The Central Highlands in August-September, the Western North area in October-November, and after harvesting fruit and sanitation, disperser.
3. Deep Pesticides
a) Sweep around the stem of the tree every year twice, the first one in December of the year before the following month; the second, in July-August, in July-August, to prevent harm;
b) The scanning position starts from the lower part of the plant (through the ground down to 2 cm deep) that scans the trunk about 50-80cm;
c) A regular examination of the trunk, if you get a torso deep, use the injection of the injection with the injection deep into the deep hole and then get the clay silenced.
4.
a), in the first year, and in the second year,
b) Depending on the specific situation, with the growth of the high tops, the main body cut the main body to promote the branch; for the growth of the tree, the principal tree is not required to cut down the main body, only to cut down the branches.
c) The top of the line is conducted three times: the first one in the ground level; the second time at a position of 0.6-0.8m above the first position; the third time the position is between 0.6-0.8m;
d) Choose the good branches (2-3 branches) to hold back, pruning the weak branches;
e) After the second year in order for the tree to grow normally, the next year only prunes the very small branches that grow in the third canopy for thick canopy trees.
VI. HARVESTING TECHNIQUES AND SEED PRESERVATION
1.
a) The case when the nine outer casing is dry and slightly creveled from the emulet to the stalk of the fruit; the seed shell turns from the pale brown to dark brown, the bark of the seed, and then the fruit falls apart;
b) Season nine in the Highlands from late July to September; in the north-nine from mid-August to mid-October;
c) Before the end of the fruit 1-2 weeks as a forest toilet (tree garden) in rows, clearing the grass, bark, dry leaves ... to facilitate the harvest;
d) Use the ripe fruit to the ground, or use the nylon net, and the canvas of the tree is poured down, and the fruit will fall, and gather it.
2. Preliminary and seed preservation
And so the ripe fruit of the earth must be harvested immediately, after the harvest of 24 hours of harvest must be removed immediately and put it into dry, and the remainder of the rest of the shell must be laid in thin layers on the floor, the fan of cooling and ventilation; it is not. Exposure in the sun;
b) The case of the casing of the shell with a wooden hammer with a thin mattress with a thin rubber at the hammer, beating the broken shell, and taking the seeds; not the seeds of the skin, and the effect on the quality of the nuclei; and the fruit of the fruit after it can be made of organic fertilizers;
c) Remove the broken pieces, fruits and nuts, the seeds germinated, the fissure, the small particle, the seeds have a low core ratio; then drying the seeds as follows:
-Drying the natural seed: The seeds after the casing are spread in a layer of 10-15cm on the floor or a roof with a roof, open; every week three times, after 1.5-2 seeds dry, humidity drops to 10-15%;
-drying artificial (applied in large production): drying the seeds at 30 ° C for five days, then increased to 38 ° C in 1-2 days, increasing to 45 ° C in 1 day and eventually rising to 50 ° C in 1-2 days, the seed humidity is between 1.5-5%.
d)
-The seeds after they've dried up, they make it right away.
-The unprocessed case, the seeds need to be preserved by being put in a plastic bin, a glass container with a sealed lid or for a bag, a tin bag that is unpacked with unpacked legs; the barrels, including, the grain bags are stored in the house, where the air is open. The seeds are dried naturally, the time of preservation and storage is no more than 6 months; the seeds are dried up and stored for longer than ./.
KT. MINISTER. |
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(signed) |
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Hà jun Tuan |
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