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The State Scientific And Technical Policy

Original Language Title: О государственной научно-технической политике

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The State scientific and technical policy of the present law defines the goals and principles of formation and realization of the State scientific and technical policy in Turkmenistan, regulates the relations between the subjects of scientific activity, State authorities and consumers of scientific products.
 
 
Chapter i. General provisions article 1. The basic concepts used in this law for the purposes of this Act, applies the following concepts: 1) State scientific and technical policy is an integral part of the socio-economic policy of Turkmenistan, which expresses the State's attitude to scientific activity, defines its goals and principles of formation and implementation, as well as the powers of the authorities of Turkmenistan in the field of science and technology, innovation and the introduction of scientific results;
2) Science-sphere of human activity, the function of which is to study the laws of nature and society, with a view to the rational use of natural resources and effective management of the company;
3) technology-means human activities posed to the implementation processes of production and post production services for the needs of society;
4) advances in science and technology-a single, vzaimoobuslovlennoe, progress of science and technology;
5) scientific work-scientific research with a view to obtaining scientific results;
6) Research-action aimed at obtaining new knowledge of nature, society and man and to use this knowledge to find and update new ways to apply them. Its main forms are fundamental and applied scientific researches;
7) scientific and technical activities-activities aimed at acquiring and applying new knowledge to address the technological, engineering, economic, social, humanitarian and other problems, ensuring the functioning of the science, technology and production as a single system. Its main forms are research, development, design and engineering, search, design and exploration works. The scientific and technical activities include work on the scientific and methodological, patent licensing, software, organizational, methodological and technical support direct research and development, dissemination and application of its results, as well as scientific and technical expertise;
8) experimental development activities based on knowledge derived from scientific research or on the basis of practical experience, and aimed at their adaptation, verification, further improvements for practical use. Its main forms are prototyping or batches of scientific production, as well as other work associated with bringing research results to practical use;
9) scientific study-the process of developing new knowledge, providing systematic new objective universally formulated development knowledge of laws of nature and society;
10) fundamental research is theoretical research and (or) a pilot nature aimed at obtaining new knowledge of the fundamental laws of the structure, functioning and development of the human being, society and surrounding natural Wednesday;
11) applied research-research aimed mainly at applying new knowledge in order to achieve practical goals and objectives;
12) scientific activities-research and (or) scientific and technical activities, and (or) experimental development aimed at obtaining and application of new knowledge;
13) scientific result-new knowledge or decision obtained in the course of scientific activities and fixed on any information medium in the form of a scientific report, scientific articles, scientific report, monographs, scientific reports on the performed research, scientific opening;
14) scientific-applied the result is a scientific result as a new form or a technological solution, pilot sample, complete testing, development, embedded or that can be embedded into production. Scientific and applied result can be presented in the form of a report, conceptual design, engineering, or scientific technological documentation for production, full-scale design;
15) Scientific products-scientific results, including results of intellectual activities for implementation;
16) science program (project) is a document that includes the content of the alleged scientific work with the justification of the purpose and objectives, relevance, originality, scientific and practical significance and feasibility of its holding;
17) scientific infrastructure-scientific laboratory and engineering equipment, experimental-industrial production, unique objects, as well as other movable and immovable property situated in the balance of scientific organization;
18) scientific and technical information-information obtained in the course of scientific activity, containing information about national and international achievements in the field of science and technology;
19) AAS-physical person having higher education, having qualified and professionally engaged in scientific activity;

20) scientist-scientist who has a degree and (or) academic title, which carries out scientific work and was recognized by the scientific community certain scientific results in the field of knowledge;
21) scientific organization is a legal entity, regardless of the form of ownership and organization-legal form, which carries out as the main scientific work, training and improvement of professional skill of scientific staff and operates in accordance with the legislation of Turkmenistan and its founding documents;
22) participants of scientific activity-physical and (or) legal entities that act as customers or investors research programs (projects), carry out information, patent-license, metrological, software, organizational-methodical, technical support for scientific activities;
23) State order is a scientific program (draft) national importance, developed and implemented by the decision of Cabinet of Ministers of Turkmenistan;
24) innovation activities, ensuring the creation and realization of innovation (innovation) and receive their practical result (innovation) in the form of new products (goods, services), a new method of production (technology), as well as implemented in practice decisions (measures) organizational, technological, socio-economic and other measures that have a positive impact on the production, public relations and management society.
 
Article 2. The legislation of Turkmenistan on State scientific and technical policy legislation of Turkmenistan on State scientific and technical policy is based on the Constitution of Turkmenistan, and consists of this law and other normative legal acts of Turkmenistan, regulating relations in the field of scientific activity.
If an international treaty to which Turkmenistan stipulates other rules than those stipulated by this law, the rules of the international treaty shall apply.
 
Chapter II. Formation of the State scientific and technical policy of Article 3. The main objectives of the State scientific and technical policy of the main objectives of the State scientific and technical policy are: 1) the achievement of a high level of intellectual and cultural development of the society, aimed at improving the quality of life of the Turkmen people;
2) creation and development of an innovative economy;
3) harnessing of scientific and technological progress to enhance the economic efficiency of production;
  4) determination of directions, forms and methods of activity of bodies of State power and administration in order to ensure the full development of a science and technics in Turkmenistan;
  5) creating the necessary economic, organizational and legal environment to ensure priority development research in priority areas of scientific and technical progress;
6) establishment of an effective socio-economic and legal framework for the optimal use of research results in solving the food market saturation, the Organization of high-tech industry, waste-free production of commodities and services for the population, improve the quality of health services, as well as improvement of the environment, resource conservation, the development of technology-based industries and improving their structure in order to achieve the competitiveness of manufactured products;
7) providing economic, social and legal guarantees of scientific, pedagogical, inventive and innovative activities, as well as full material support and social protection for researchers;
8) development of international scientific and technical cooperation.
 
Article 4. The basic principles of the State scientific and technical policy the main principles of State scientific and technical policy of Turkmenistan are: 1) State support for scientific activities, provides sufficient financial, material and technical condition of research;
2) orientation of scientific activity on a preferential development in a State resource, energy and labour-saving technology-based industries and technologies;
3) introduction of research results to production and social sphere;
4) development of public-private partnership in the field of scientific research;
5) separation of powers authorities on the formulation and implementation of State scientific and technical policy;
6) increased participation of the local authorities in the formulation and implementation of State scientific and technical policy;
7) broad participation by the scientific community in the formulation and implementation of State scientific and technical policy;
8) combination of scientific and innovation activities in the field of education;
9) identification of gifted children and talented youth and Government support in developing their scientific and technical capacities;
10) freedom of scientific and technical creativity, protection of intellectual property;
11) raising the prestige of scientific work and creativity;

12) development of market relations in the sphere of science and technology, encourage competition, competition and entrepreneurship, equality of all subjects of scientific activity, regardless of the subordination and forms of ownership;
13) the establishment of funds for development of science for funding scientific activities;
14) openness of the State scientific and technical policy, which provides for the development of mutually beneficial cooperation with other States, creating conditions to attract foreign capital to the development of science and technology, the development of innovative technologies and new products;
15) creating the conditions for businesses in the development of scientific and innovation activity;
16) compliance with environmental safety;
17) objectivity and independence of the scientific examination of programs (projects).
 
Article 5. Priorities in State scientific and technical policy of State scientific and technical policy is based on the identification of priority directions of scientific activity.
Priority directions of scientific activity are determined by the results of elaboration of projections of socio-economic and scientific-technical development of Turkmenistan.
Decide on the priority directions of the scientific activity was adopted by the Cabinet of Ministers of Turkmenistan and is the basis for the allocation of the State budget of Turkmenistan devoted to the development of science and technology.
 
Article 6. Academic programs (projects) 1. The State scientific and technical policy is implemented through the implementation of scientific programs (projects), basic shapes which are: 1) the State scientific and technical programs;
2) international scientific and technical programmes and projects.
2. State scientific and technical programs are developed in order to focus financial, material and human resource capacity of the State to the priority for Turkmenistan directions for the development of science and technology.
3. List of State scientific and technical programs are prepared by the Academy of Sciences of Turkmenistan with the participation of interested Governments.
4. State scientific and technical programmes consisting of projects with the specified deliverable in the form of innovative objects new techniques, technologies and materials, as well as forms of production organization.
5. Participation in State scientific and technical programs is carried out on a competitive basis.
Shall be entitled to take part in the competitions of scientific organizations, research groups, individual scientists, including carrying out independent scientific activity.
Competitions are held with transparency and democratic character of decision-making on the basis of scientific, humanistic and ecological value, as well as the feasibility and effectiveness of projects, which are State scientific and technical expertise.
6. the procedure for the design, implementation and financing of State scientific and technical programmes shall be established by the Cabinet of Ministers of Turkmenistan.
7. State scientific and technical programs, on the proposal of the Academy of Sciences of Turkmenistan shall be approved by the Cabinet of Ministers of Turkmenistan.
8. Arrangements for the participation of Turkmenistan in international scientific and technical programmes and projects is established intergovernmental (intergovernmental) treaties and agreements to which Turkmenistan is a party.
 
Article 7. State registration of scientific programs (projects), plans and reports on scientific activities 1. State registration of scientific programs (projects), plans and reports on scientific activity is carried out in order to create a national resource of scientific and technical information and the monitoring of the technical and scientific capacity of Turkmenistan.
2. subjects of scientific activities are required to submit to the State registration of scientific programs (projects), plans and reports on scientific activities.
3. Control over the provision of the public accounting research programs (projects), plans and reports on scientific activity is carried out by the Academy of Sciences of Turkmenistan and sectoral authorities are responsible for the scientific organization.
4. the procedure for the Organization and holding of public accounting research programs (projects), plans and reports on scientific activity of Academy of Sciences of Turkmenistan is developed and approved by the Cabinet of Ministers of Turkmenistan.
 
 
CHAPTER III. The SUBJECTS of SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITY and THEIR LEGAL STATUS, article 8. The subjects of the scientific activities of the subjects of scientific activity are: 1) natural persons engaged in scientific activity, citizens of Turkmenistan and foreign citizens, persons without citizenship within the rights laid down in the legislation of Turkmenistan;
2) legal persons carrying out scientific activities, provided their constituent instruments.
 
Article 9. Individuals engaged in scientific activities 1. To natural persons engaged in scientific activities (hereinafter referred to as the scientists), include: 1) workers in labour relations with scientific organizations, higher educational institutions, other organizations, and participating in their scientific activities;
2) persons studying in graduate school, graduate, doctorate and (or) are applicants;
3) persons carrying out independent scientific activity.

2. Rights, obligations and responsibilities of researchers, the criteria for assessing their qualifications, as well as the responsibilities of public authorities and management of Turkmenistan to ensure guarantees of free scientific creativity and social welfare researchers, enhance the prestige of scientific activity are determined by the Turkmenistan law "on the status of the researcher.
Article 10. Legal persons carrying out scientific activities 1. Legal persons engaged in scientific activities include scientific organizations, legal status, objectives, tasks and powers, their types and State regulation of which is defined by the Turkmenistan law "on scientific organizations".
2. Scientific activity can also occur as a secondary in relation to the substantive activities of the organization. In this case you create structural and non-structural scientific divisions of organizations in accordance with the provisions of the Charter (constitutive) documents. Scientific activities of such organizations are regulated in accordance with this law and other normative legal acts of Turkmenistan.
 
Article 11. State guarantees to subjects of scientific activities 1. The subjects of scientific activity is guaranteed: 1) the freedom of creativity, choosing the right directions and methods of scientific research and experimental development;
2) protection against unfair competition;
3) the right to reasonable risk in scientific activity;
4) freedom of access to scientific and technical information, except for the cases stipulated by the legislation of Turkmenistan in respect of State, professional or commercial secrets;
5) training, skills upgrading and retraining of researchers and specialists of the scientific organizations;
6) financing of scientific programmes (projects) performed on government orders;
7) financing of scientific programmes (projects), operated by Turkmenistan in the framework of inter-State (intergovernmental) treaties and agreements.
2. the State guarantees provided by scientific activity entities the adoption of regulatory legal acts of Turkmenistan relating to: 1) training and upgrading their skills;
2) awarding of academic degrees and assign scientists titles;
3) attestation of scientific personnel;
4) payment and stimulation of labour researcher, as well as foreign scientists and specialists who perform work and provide services in the framework of inter-State (intergovernmental) treaties and agreements of Turkmenistan;
5) pension and social protection scientist.
 
Article 12. The relationship between actors and participants of scientific activity, the relationship between actors and participants of scientific activities are built on a contractual basis.
Actors and participants of scientific activity at the conclusion of the contract shall have the right to choice of the parties to the Treaty, definition of obligations and conditions of the relationship, not contradicting the legislation of Turkmenistan.
 
Article 13. Training of scientific personnel for the subjects of scientific activity of the Preparation of the scientific staff is an integral part of the State scientific and technical policy and aims at an increment of scientific-technical and intellectual potential of the society, the development of creativity and the dissemination of scientific and technical culture.
To this end, the State: 1) ensures the preparation of the scientific staff at the Academy of Sciences of Turkmenistan, institutions of higher vocational education and other leading scientific organizations, as well as in foreign educational and scientific organizations;
2) generates a system of search and selection of gifted children and talented youth, creating a network of specialized educational institutions, educational and industrial complexes on the basis of academic and industrial research organizations, institutions of higher professional education;
3) creates specialized funds to finance research of talented youth, her training in the world centers of science and education, participation in conferences and exhibitions, including international;
4) facilitates internships for young scientists in leading public and foreign educational and scientific organizations;
5) generates a system of attestation of scientific workers, and promotes mutual recognition of documents on higher education of scientists and scholars in the ranks of the powers of the interstate level.
 
Article 14. Dataware subjects of scientific activities 1. The State shall ensure the establishment of Government information systems and funds in the field of science and technique, carrying out the collection, registration, analytical processing, storing and communicating to consumers of scientific and technical information; promotes the publication of research results, as well as the acquisition of scientific journals, books, and other publications of a scientific nature produced outside Turkmenistan.
The State guarantees the subjects of scientific activities, access to information, the right to its acquisition and provides them access to international information collections and systems in the field of science and technology.
2. subjects of scientific activity have the right to exchange information, except for information, contains information specific to your State, official or commercial confidentiality.

3. In case of liquidation of public research organizations, which operate data banks and databases of scientific and technical information, ensures the safety of these databanks and databases and transferring their successors in order established by the legislation of Turkmenistan.
4. The legal basis of regulation of legal relations associated with the creation, accumulation, identification, retrieval, storage, processing, distribution and use of scientific and technical information, are determined by the legislation of Turkmenistan in the field of scientific and technical information.
 
Article 15. Entrepreneurship in science and technology 1. Entrepreneurship in science and technology education in Turkmenistan is carried out on the basis of this law, Turkmenistan law "on State support of small and medium enterprises" and issued in accordance with the regulations.
2. The State shall guarantee equal legal and economic opportunities for the effective functioning and development of various forms of entrepreneurship in scientific activity.
3. Scientists, engineers, inventors, and other specialists-developers of scientific products-can carry out entrepreneurial activities by creating their own businesses and organizations in accordance with the laws of Turkmenistan on enterprises and scientific organizations.
4. Entrepreneur in the field of scientific activity is independent in selecting the customers or consumers of its scientific production.
5. in order to support entrepreneurship in the field of scientific activity of subjects of small and medium-sized enterprises may be granted tax concessions in accordance with the tax laws of Turkmenistan, and may also be provided to other financial and resource support in accordance with the legislation of Turkmenistan.
 
CHAPTER IV. The POWERS of the PUBLIC AUTHORITIES and the Directorate of science and technology MANAGEMENT Article 16. The powers of the Cabinet of Ministers of Turkmenistan on formation and realization of State scientific and technical policy of the Cabinet of Ministers of Turkmenistan: 1) ensures compliance with the Constitution of Turkmenistan, the Turkmen laws, acts of the President of Turkmenistan, decrees of Cabinet of Ministers of Turkmenistan and international treaties in the field of science and technology;
2) carries out the regulation, management and supervision of the public authorities in the field of formation and realization of State scientific and technical policy;
3) carries out measures of a legal, economic and organizational nature in the field of scientific research;
4) develops and organizes the execution of the State budget of Turkmenistan in the field of science and technology;
5) adopts and enforces State scientific and technical programs;
6) generates the State order to perform scientific research and experimental development;
7) introduced the President of Turkmenistan proposals on education, reorganization, and abolishment of the authorized government bodies, as well as other structures of national importance, engaged in the formation and implementation of State scientific and technical policy;
8) promotes the creation of scientific organizations of different forms of ownership;
9) establishes the procedure for the conduct of scientific research, which may pose a security risk to the health of citizens and the surrounding natural Wednesday;
10) enters in stipulated by the legislation of Turkmenistan, restrictions on the right to use certain scientific results, subjecting them to secrecy and overseeing its implementation;
11) ensures the development and implementation of State social policy for research workers;
12) provides scientific and technical cooperation with foreign States and international organizations;
13) exercise any other powers, referred to it by the legislative acts of Turkmenistan.
 
Article 17. The public authorities in the area of formulation and implementation of State scientific and technical policy of the public authorities in the field of formation and realization of State scientific and technical policy are: 1) the authorized State authority responsible for the regulation of activities in the field of science and technology,-Academy of Sciences of Turkmenistan;
2) industry public authorities, which are scientific organizations;
3) authorized State body in the field of attestation of scientific and scientific-pedagogical employees-the Supreme Certification Committee of Turkmenistan;
4) local executive bodies in ensuring the formulation and implementation of State scientific and technical policy in the territory.
 
Article 18. The powers of the Academy of Sciences of Turkmenistan Academy of Sciences of Turkmenistan: 1) conducts State scientific and technical policy;
2) forms the priority directions of development of a science and technics in Turkmenistan;
3) develops proposals for the formulation and implementation of State policy in the field of the Organization and conduct of scientific activities taking into account the goals and priorities of socio-economic and socio-political development of the country;

4) generates the State scientific and technical programs, basic and applied scientific research undertaken at the expense of the State budget of Turkmenistan;
5) coordinates the implementation of fundamental and applied scientific research conducted in Turkmenistan;
6) carries out scientific-methodical management subjects of scientific activity regardless of their departmental affiliation;
7) is developing rules for accreditation of subjects of scientific activities, as well as conducting accreditation;
8) coordinates the work of the branch of public authorities, which are scientific organizations;
9) organises a system of research training;
10) develops normative legal acts on organization and carrying out of scientific researches in Turkmenistan;
11) is developing a procedure for the Organization and conduct of the State scientific and technical expertise;
12) participates in the examination of important scientific, technical and socio-economic programmes and projects;
13) drafts of basic standards of financing of scientific activities in Turkmenistan;
14) leads the accounting research programs (projects), plans and reports on scientific activity;
15) promotes the use of research results in the sectors of the economy;
16) organizes and coordinates the formation of the modern scientific infrastructure in Turkmenistan;
17) develops proposals for the list of awards in the field of science and technology, State scientific scholarships, honorary titles and order of their award;
18) is an international collaboration in science and technology, coordinates and promotes international relations branch authorized State bodies, which are scientific organizations;
19) exercise any other powers that are associated with the formation and implementation of the State scientific and technical policy, in accordance with the legislation of Turkmenistan.
 
Article 19. Sector of public authorities responsible for the sectoral scientific organizations are authorized State body: 1) participates in the development and implementation of State scientific and technical policy;
2) forms the priorities for research, development, engineering, technology, search, design and exploration work in relevant sectors of the economy;
3) organizes the development of sectoral scientific and technical programmes and projects financed from the State budget of Turkmenistan, and carries out their implementation in relevant sectors of the economy;
4) is coordinating and conducting research in relevant sectors of the economy;
5) organizes the implementation of scientific programs (projects) forces subordinated to scientific organizations;
6) review and approve reports on scientific programmes (projects) in the relevant sectors of the economy;
7) creates a scientific organization to carry out research aimed at solving the challenges prospective development and effective functioning of the relevant sectors of the economy;
8) provides a solution to organizational, personnel, financial, logistical and social affairs activities of subordinate scientific organizations;
9) exercise any other powers provided for by this law and other normative legal acts of Turkmenistan.
 
Article 20. Powers of the appraisal Committee of Turkmenistan the Supreme Certification Committee of Turkmenistan: 1) conducts public policy on the formation of scientific and scientific-pedagogical personnel in all priority areas of science, education, engineering, technology and culture, aimed at effective implementation of State scientific and technical policy;
2) organizes and manages the system of attestation of scientific and scientific-pedagogical employees to award academic degrees and ranks of scientists;
3) defines the scientific and practical value, quality and scientific level of the works submitted for the award of degrees, and recommend them for use in sectors of the economy;
4) exercise any other powers that are associated with the formation of the human capacity for implementation of the State scientific and technical policy, in accordance with the legislation of Turkmenistan.
 
Article 21. Powers of the local authorities in ensuring the formulation and implementation of State scientific and technical policy under the territory of local executive bodies: 1) within its field of competence, participate in the formulation and implementation of State scientific and technical policy;
2) contribute to the development of science and technology on territory under their jurisdiction;
3) form and finance regional scientific programs (projects);
4) attract scientific organizations to implement research programs (projects) aimed at addressing the socio-economic development of the region;
5) exercise any other powers provided for by this law and other normative legal acts of Turkmenistan.
 
 
Chapter v. the State scientific and technical EXAMINATION Article 22. Scientific and technical expertise

1. Scientific and technical expertise-the activities carried out in accordance with this law and other normative legal acts of Turkmenistan related to organization of the examination, analysis and evaluation of objects of examination, preparation and execution of expert opinions regarding these objects needed to justify the adoption of socially significant decisions.
2. the scientific and technical expertise is a type of scientific activity. The expert opinion and other results obtained in the course of scientific and technical expertise, relate to the results of scientific and technological activities.
3. Objects of scientific and technical expertise are information authenticity which properly authenticated, physical objects and other physical media containing such information, as well as other source data needed to meet the challenges of scientific and technical expertise, the expert organization or expert for the scientific and technical expertise.
4. Expert advice derived from scientific and technical expertise, is the property of the customer of scientific and technical examination, if otherwise not stipulated by the legislation of Turkmenistan or the contract to conduct the examination.
 
Article 23. Status of scientific and technical expertise, scientific and technical expertise can have a status of State, public, and special expertise.
The conditions and procedure of State scientific and technical expertise is determined by this law and other normative legal acts of Turkmenistan.
The conditions and procedure of public and special examination shall be determined by the provisions, approved by the Cabinet of Ministers of Turkmenistan.
 
Article 24. Objectives and principles of the State of scientific and technical examination 1. The main tasks of the State scientific and technical expertise are: 1) the objects of conformity assessment expertise to a modern level of scientific, technical and technological knowledge, trends and priorities of scientific and technical progress, principles of State scientific and technical policy, national, environmental, technological, public safety and economic viability;
2) prevention of negative impacts, as well as reducing the risk of adverse consequences of decisions;
3) analysis of the efficiency of the use of the existing scientific and technical potential, assessment of the impact of the research, development, technological development, design, survey, exploration and other research and development;
4) prediction of the scientific, technical, socio-economic and environmental effects of the implementation of scientific programs (projects), subject to examination;
5) ensuring that objects of examination requirements and standards legislation and international treaties to which Turkmenistan is a party.
2. the basic principles of State scientific and technical expertise are: 1) the independence and legal protection of the participants of the expert process in the exercise of their professional activities;
2) a scientific approach, completeness, comprehensiveness and objectivity of research objects expertise, ensuring the validity of the assessment results;
3) competence and high professional level of the individuals and organizations conducting examination;
4) systematic organization of expertise and its normative and methodological support;
5) orientation to the world level scientific and technological development, the rules and regulations environmental, technical and public safety, mandatory requirements of international and national standards;
6) publicity of examination results while maintaining state, official and commercial secrecy in accordance with the legislation of Turkmenistan.
 
Article 25. Objects of State scientific and technical examination 1. Objects of the State scientific and technical expertise are: 1) the State scientific and technical programs, innovation and investment projects of different levels and assignments, as well as the results of these programmes and projects;
2) draft normative and instructive-methodical documents and administrative acts on regulation of activities in the field of science and technology;
3) feasibility projects and solutions on the creation, renovation, liquidation, shutdown, the preservation of industrial technological complexes, technical and (or) man-machine systems, constructed with the participation of or under the control of the State;
4) bids and documentation related to the procurement of contracts and delivery of scientific products for public use; the results of the performance of contracts for the execution of research works financed from the State budget of Turkmenistan;
5) scientific and technical justification of decisions related to the prevention and elimination of the consequences of emergencies and technological disasters;
6) draft interstate agreements on scientific cooperation;
7) instruments and objects of foreign economic activity related to the procurement and supply management for State needs to import equipment, technology and materials;

8) applications associated with the issue of intellectual property rights for inventions, utility models, industrial designs, programs for computers and databases and topographies of integrated circuits;
9) dissertational works, presented in the prescribed manner on competition of a scientific degree;
10) work undertaken on competition State and international awards in the field of science and technology.
2. on the initiative of the customer of the State scientific and technical expertise may be subject to other objects.
 
Article 26. The subjects of the State scientific and technical expertise 1. The subjects of the State scientific and technical expertise are customers and executors of examination, as well as other participants in expert activity.
2. The customers of State scientific and technical expertise can be organs of State power and administration, public and international organizations, legal entities and natural persons interested in undertaking this examination.
3. The executing State scientific and technical expertise are expert organizations and physical persons (experts) in the field or specialization, having sufficient qualifications and experience in the conduct of scientific and technical expertise.
4. the activities of the expert organizations responsible for organizing the State scientific and technical expertise, subject to certification.
The activities of natural persons (experts) involved in the conduct of State scientific and technical expertise, subject to certification.
5. Confirmation of compliance capabilities of the Executive Director of the State scientific and technical expertise to ensure compliance of the conditions of the examination and the quality of its results is carried out in the course of their accreditation bodies and organizations responsible for the Organization of compulsory State scientific and technical expertise.
6. Certification, attestation and accreditation of executors of the State scientific and technical expertise shall be made in accordance with the procedure established by the Cabinet of Ministers of Turkmenistan.
 
Article 27. Conclusion of the State of scientific and technical examination 1. Conclusion of State scientific and technical expertise is a document prepared by the Executive Director (expert), containing the main findings of the examination object.
 
2. Conclusion of the State scientific and technical expertise on the subject and object of its realization can be positive or negative, as the operative part should be the appropriate wording.
3. the conclusion of the examination may include special reasoned opinions of experts who do not agree with the conclusion.
4. Conclusion of the State scientific and technical expertise prepared by the Executive Director of the examination cannot be changed without his or her written consent.
5. Expert opinion prepared by the Executive Director of examination, appears to be the authorized representative of the customer of the State scientific and technical expertise.
6. customer expertise, not appreciating the validity of expert opinion, checks the compliance with the requirements of the job and the contract for carrying out of State scientific and technical expertise and in fulfilling these requirements, claims an expert opinion.
The refusal of approval of an expert opinion on explanation of the disagreement with the content of the expert opinion is invalid and may be challenged in the courts.
 
 
CHAPTER VI. EVALUATION of the RESULTS of SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITY and introduction in manufacture of Article 28. Evaluation of the results of scientific activity 1. Evaluation of the results of scientific activity is carried out in order to objectively measure the amount spent by financial, material, intellectual and other resources, definitions of the scientific and practical (economic, social, environmental, defence) the usefulness of the research performed.
2. the results of the evaluation of scientific activity can be used in determining the prospects of scientific directions, decisions to continue or discontinue funding of scientific works, the differentiation of the amount of the funds pay and wages, as well as the certification of scientific workers.
3. The results of research activities are evaluated according to the criteria of novelty, importance for science and practice, objectivity, evidence and accuracy. Evaluation of the results of scientific activity is carried out by scientists of the scientific councils of organizations and scientific-technical advice to industry public authorities are responsible for the scientific organization, and is subject to external review.
 
Article 29. Implementation of research results in production of 1. State, pursuing the implementation of the State scientific and technical policy, comes from the fact that production, which formed the actual needs of product updates, engineering and technology, is a critical area of implementation of research results.
2. the State contributes to the intense activity of industrial enterprises to improve the technical level of production, quality and competitiveness in accordance with the requirements of the internal and external market, for the creation and development of innovative technologies and alternative environmentally sound technologies, use of inventions.

3. In order to implement the results of scientific activity in manufacturing enterprises and organizations may provide for the establishment of funds to support research and innovation.
4. the Organization of joint activities to introduce scientific and applied results in the production of scientific organization, as a contribution to the authorized capital makes its intellectual property.
 
Article 30. Treaties on the creation, transfer and use of scientific products 1. The basic form of the relations between scientific organization, customer and other consumers of scientific products, including State authorities, are contracts for the creation, transfer and use of scientific production, the provision of scientific, technical, engineering, consulting and other services, as well as other treaties, including treaties on joint scientific activities and the distribution of profits.
2. on the basis of those treaties are performed scientific research and experimental development for public use. In these cases, agreements are concluded between the public authority and the authority of the Scientific Organization Executive Director.
3. The Cabinet of Ministers of Turkmenistan have the right to set public research organizations required the State order to perform scientific research and experimental development.
4. the conditions of ownership, use and disposal of the academic (scientific applications) results, including profits earned as a result of the introduction of scientific production in manufacturing, are determined by the legislation of Turkmenistan, as well as not contradictory agreements of the parties-entities of scientific activity and scientific products to consumers.
 
Article 31. Exclusive rights to the results of research activities of the exclusive rights to the results of research activities and their legal protection is carried out in accordance with the Civil Code of Turkmenistan, the laws of Turkmenistan "on copyright and related rights", "on the science of intellectual property" and other normative legal acts of Turkmenistan.
 
 
CHAPTER VII. FINANCING SCIENCE and technology Article 32. Principles of financing of scientific activities forming an effective economic mechanism of scientific research is based on the following principles: 1) multiple sources of funding, their focus;
2) guaranteed public funding of State scientific and technical programs and international scientific and technical programmes and projects;
3) concentration of financial resources regardless of their sources of income on the priority for Turkmenistan directions of science and technology.
 
Article 33. Sources of financing of scientific activities 1. Financial support of scientific activities are carried out through funding of organizations carrying out scientific activities, as well as targeted financing of State scientific and technical programs and international scientific and technical programmes and projects.
2. Sources of funding of scientific activity are: 1) the funds of the State budget of Turkmenistan;
2) extrabudgetary funds;
3) funds received by the expense out of scientific activity of scientific organizations;
4) means customers on contract;
5) credits to banks, including foreign ones;
6) funds and loans funds for development of science;
7) funds scientific organizations from publishing, consulting, lectures and other activities not prohibited by legislation of Turkmenistan;
8) charitable contributions;
9) foreign investment;
10) resources from international funds;
11) other sources not prohibited by the legislation of Turkmenistan.
3. Financing of scientific activities from the State budget of Turkmenistan shall be determined by the relevant legislation of Turkmenistan on the basis of long-term economic and social development programmes of the country.
At the expense of the State budget of Turkmenistan is primarily funded by basic and applied scientific research, the State scientific and technical programs and international scientific and technical programmes and projects, as well as the creation and activities of public research organizations of Turkmenistan.
4. Scientific activity can be financed in the form of cash grants and other funds allocated permanently domestic and foreign legal entities and natural persons, as well as foreign States and international organizations.
Grants are sent to researchers, research organizations, institutions of higher professional education, temporary creative groups.
Grant recipients shall dispose of them in accordance with the legislation of Turkmenistan, as well as on the conditions under which these grants are awarded.
 
Article 34. Funds for the development of science 1. Science development funds aimed at financing of scientific activities and assistance to researchers include: 1) State funds to support research and innovation (hereinafter public fund) created in accordance with the legislation of Turkmenistan;
2) foundations supporting research and innovation activities of enterprises and organizations;
3) foundations of scientific development of inter-State organizations;
4) public funds for the development of science.

2. Legal status of funds referred to in paragraph 1 of this article shall be determined by the legislation of Turkmenistan with the peculiarities stipulated by this law.
 
Article 35. State funds State funds created to support scientific activities through its financial security.
The functions and powers of the founders of public funds by the Cabinet of Ministers of Turkmenistan. Managers of public funds shall be appointed by the President of Turkmenistan.
 
Article 36. Economic and logistical support to the State of scientific and technical examination 1. State scientific and technical expertise is carried out at the expense of the customer, unless otherwise agreed at the conclusion of the agreement on the holding of State scientific and technical expertise.
2. Funds for the holding of the State scientific and technical expertise are included in the costs of scientific works.
3. the duties of the customer under the contract to conduct the State scientific and technical expertise may include logistics of examination, provision of facilities, equipment, transport, communications and more.
 
Article 37. The tax mechanism in the field of science and technology 1. Enterprises, institutions and organizations irrespective of their form of ownership, operating in the field of scientific activity, pay taxes and fees collected to the State budget of Turkmenistan, in accordance with the legislation of Turkmenistan.
2. in order to promote scientific activity the State provides tax benefits established by the tax laws of Turkmenistan.
3. in order to promote scientific activity, the State provides for the payment of benefits, established by the customs legislation of Turkmenistan.
 
 
Chapter VIII. INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION in the field of science and technology Article 38. The main provisions of international scientific and technical cooperation 1. The State supports international scientific and technological cooperation, creates the necessary legal and economic conditions and assists with the actors and participants of scientific activity of Turkmenistan free and equitable relationships with actors and participants of scientific activity of foreign States and international scientific communities, if this relationship does not contradict the current legislation of Turkmenistan.
2. International Scientific and technological cooperation is carried out through: 1) conduct joint scientific research, technological development, international scientific and technical programmes and projects;
2) research and development on general coordination agreements;
3) execution of the works provided for in the agreement, one side of which is a legal or natural person of a foreign State or an international organization;
4) establishment of international scientific organizations, of temporary research teams;
5) use the ownership of scientific products on the basis of agreements between the subjects of scientific activity;
6) mutual exchange of scientific and technical information, use United Interstate information funds data banks;
7) international conferences, congresses, symposiums;
8) mutual exchange of scientific and scientific-pedagogical employees, students, as well as joint research training.
3. subjects of scientific activity of Turkmenistan may participate in implementation of international scientific and technical programs and projects, to enter into agreements and contracts with foreign organizations and firms to participate in international scientific societies, associations and unions to their members ' rights, travel abroad to attend international symposia, conferences and other activities in accordance with the law and international treaties to which Turkmenistan is a party.
 
Article 39. International relations in the field of the Organization and conduct of the State scientific-technical examination 1. The regulation of international relations in the field of the Organization and conduct of the State scientific and technical expertise is based on international treaties and agreements of Turkmenistan taking into account requirements of international expertise.
2. Customers may invite for spending State scientific and technical expertise by international expert organizations and foreign experts with appropriate qualifications on the profile of expertise, in accordance with the law and international treaties to which Turkmenistan is a party.
3. Expert organizations and experts can be a member of the international expert organizations, as well as scientific and technical expertise on assignments of international organizations, foreign States and their legal and natural persons in accordance with the law and international treaties to which Turkmenistan is a party.
 
Article 40. Recognition and establishment of equivalence of foreign States about scientists and scholars of varying ranks in Turkmenistan

1. recognition and establishing equivalence of foreign States about scientists and scholars of varying ranks in Turkmenistan are conducted on the basis of the legislation and international treaties to which Turkmenistan is a party.
2. establishing the equivalence of foreign States about scientists and scholars of varying ranks in Turkmenistan in this Act means providing the public authorities of Turkmenistan to the holders of these documents the same academic and/or professional rights to holders of government documents about scientists and scholars of varying titles issued in Turkmenistan.
3. as a result of the recognition and the establishment of equivalence of foreign States about scientists and scholars of varying ranks in Turkmenistan applicants are issued a certificate of recognition and the establishment of equivalence of foreign States about scientists and scholars of varying ranks in Turkmenistan.
 
 
CHAPTER IX. FINAL PROVISIONS Article 41. Responsibility for violation of this Act, the violation of this law entails responsibility established by the legislation of Turkmenistan.
 
Article 42. The entry into force of this law 1. This law shall enter into force on the day of its official publication.
2. Abrogating the law of Turkmenistan on February 19, 1992 "on State scientific and technical policy (Gazette of the Supreme Soviet of Turkmenistan, 1992, no. 2, p. 13).
 
     Turkmen President Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedov mountains. Ashgabat, March 1, 2014 year no. 39-V.