Advanced Search

RS 0.515.031 Agreement of 6 September 1978 between the Swiss Confederation and the International Atomic Energy Agency on the application of safeguards under the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons

Original Language Title: RS 0.515.031 Accord du 6 septembre 1978 entre la Confédération suisse et l’Agence internationale de l’énergie atomique relatif à l’application de garanties dans le cadre du traité sur la non-prolifération des armes nucléaires

Subscribe to a Global-Regulation Premium Membership Today!

Key Benefits:

Subscribe Now for only USD$40 per month.

0.515.031

Original text

Agreement

Between the Swiss Confederation and the International Atomic Energy Agency on the application of safeguards under the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons

Conclu September 6, 1978
Entered into force on 6 September 1978

Considering that the Swiss Confederation (hereinafter referred to as "Switzerland") is a Party to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (hereinafter referred to as "the Treaty"), opened for signature in London, Moscow and Washington on 1 Er July 1968 1 , and entered into force on 5 March 1970,

In view of s. 1 of the art. III of the Treaty, which reads as follows:

Any non-nuclear-weapon State Party to the Treaty undertakes to accept the guarantees stipulated in an agreement to be negotiated and concluded with the International Atomic Energy Agency, in accordance with the Statute of the International Agency for The nuclear energy and the guarantee system of the said Agency, for the sole purpose of verifying the fulfilment of the obligations assumed by that State under this Treaty in order to prevent nuclear energy from being diverted from its uses Peaceful nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices. The procedures for the application of the warranties required by this section shall relate to the raw materials and special fissile materials, whether the materials or products are produced, processed or used in a primary nuclear facility or Are outside such a facility. The guarantees required by this Article shall apply to all raw materials or special fissile materials in all peaceful nuclear activities carried on in the territory of a State, under its jurisdiction, or undertakings under its Control in any place.

Whereas the International Atomic Energy Agency (hereinafter referred to as "the Agency") Is entitled under Art. III of its Statute 2 To conclude such agreements,

Switzerland and the Agency have agreed as follows:

Part One Fundamental commitment

Art. 1

Switzerland undertakes, under subsection (1). 1 of the art. III of the Treaty, to accept guarantees, in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, of all raw materials and special fissile materials in all peaceful nuclear activities in the territory of Switzerland, under its Jurisdiction, or undertakings under its control in any place, for the sole purpose of verifying that those materials and products are not diverted to nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices.

Applying Warranties

Art. 2

The Agency shall have the right and obligation to ensure the application of the safeguards, in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, on all raw materials and special fissile materials in all peaceful nuclear activities carried out on the Territory of Switzerland, under its jurisdiction, or undertakings under its control, in any place, for the sole purpose of verifying that those materials and products are not diverted to nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices.

Cooperation between Switzerland and the Agency

Art. 3

Switzerland and the Agency shall cooperate with a view to facilitating the implementation of the guarantees provided for in this Agreement.

Implementation of safeguards

Art. 4

The guarantees provided for in this Agreement shall be implemented in a manner:

(a)
To avoid impeding Switzerland's economic and technological progress or international cooperation in the field of peaceful nuclear activities, in particular international trade in nuclear materials;
(b)
To avoid unduly hindering the peaceful nuclear activities of Switzerland and, in particular, the operation of facilities;
(c)
To be compatible with the sound management practices required to ensure the economic and safe conduct of nuclear activities.
Art. 5

(a) The Agency shall take all reasonable precautions to protect commercial and industrial trade secrets or other confidential information to which the Agency is aware as a result of the application of this Agreement.

(b)
(i) The Agency shall not publish or communicate to any State, organization or person any information it has obtained as a result of the application of this Agreement; however, specific details concerning the application of this Agreement may be Communicated to the Board of Governors of the Agency (hereinafter referred to as "the Council") and to the staff of the Agency who need it to carry out their official duties in the field of guarantees, but only to the extent that this is Necessary to enable the Agency to carry out its responsibilities in the application of this Agreement;
(ii)
Brief information on nuclear material subject to safeguards under this Agreement may be published on a decision of the Council if the States directly concerned agree to it.
Art. 6

(a) The Agency shall take fully into account, by applying the guarantees referred to in this Agreement, technological improvements in safeguards, and shall do its utmost to optimize the cost/effectiveness ratio and ensure the application of the principle An effective guarantee of the flow of nuclear material subject to the guarantees under this Agreement through the use of equipment and other technical means at certain strategic points, to the extent that the technology present or future Will allow.

(b) To optimize the cost-effectiveness ratio, resources such as:

(i)
Containment, to define balance sheet areas for accounting purposes;
(ii)
Statistical methods and random sampling to assess the flow of nuclear material;
(iii)
The concentration of verification activities on the stages of the nuclear fuel cycle where nuclear material is produced, processed, used or stored from which nuclear weapons or nuclear explosive devices May be easily manufactured, and minimally reduction of verification activities in respect of other nuclear materials, provided that this does not hinder the Agency's application of the guarantees referred to in this Agreement.

National Material Control System

Art. 7

(a) Switzerland shall establish and implement a system of accounting and control for all nuclear materials subject to safeguards under this Agreement.

(b) The Agency shall apply the safeguards in such a manner as to be able to verify the results of the non-diversion of nuclear material from their peaceful uses to nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices Obtained by the Swiss system. Such verification shall include, inter alia, independent measures and observations carried out by the Agency in the manner specified in Part II of this Agreement. In carrying out this audit, the Agency shall take due account of the technical efficiency of the Swiss system.

Information to be provided to the Agency

Art. 8

(a) In order to ensure the effective implementation of the safeguards under this Agreement, Switzerland shall, in accordance with the provisions set out in Part II of this Agreement, provide the Agency with information concerning nuclear material Subject to the guarantees under this Agreement and the characteristics of the installations which are of importance from the point of view of the control of these materials.

(b)
(i) The Agency shall request only the minimum amount of information necessary for the fulfilment of its obligations under this Agreement;
(ii)
With respect to facility information, they shall be reduced to the minimum necessary for the control of nuclear material subject to safeguards under this Agreement.

(c) If requested by Switzerland, the Agency is prepared to examine, in a place within the jurisdiction of Switzerland, the descriptive information which, in the opinion of Switzerland, is particularly sensitive. It is not necessary for this information to be disclosed materially to the Agency, provided that they are kept in a place within the jurisdiction of Switzerland in such a way that the Agency can examine them again without difficulty.

Agency Inspectors

Art.
(a)
(i) The Agency shall obtain the consent of Switzerland to the designation of inspectors of the Agency for Switzerland;
(ii)
If, where a designation is proposed, or at any time after the designation of an inspector, Switzerland opposes the designation of that inspector, the Agency shall propose to Switzerland one or more other designations,
(iii)
If, as a result of the repeated refusal by Switzerland to accept the designation of inspectors of the Agency, the inspections to be made under the Agreement are hindered, this refusal shall be referred by the Director-General of the Agency (hereinafter referred to as " the Director General ") to the Council for consideration, in order to take appropriate action.

(b) Switzerland shall take the necessary measures to enable the inspectors of the Agency to effectively carry out their functions under this Agreement.

(c) Visits and activities of the inspectors of the Agency shall be organised in such a way as to:

(i)
Minimizing the inconvenience and disruption to Switzerland and the peaceful nuclear activities inspected;
(ii)
Ensure the protection of trade secrets or other confidential information provided to inspectors.

Privileges and immunities

Art. 10

Switzerland applies the relevant provisions of the Agreement on the Privileges and Immunities of the International Atomic Energy Agency 1 To the Agency (including its assets, funds and assets) and its inspectors and other officials performing functions under this Agreement.


1 RS 0.192.110.127.32

Waiving of Warranties

Art. 11 Consumption or dilution of nuclear material

The guarantees shall be lifted in respect of nuclear materials where the Agency has found that the said materials have been consumed, or have been diluted in such a way that they are no longer usable for a nuclear activity which may cause The subject of guarantees, or have become practically unrecoverable.

Art. 12 Transfer of nuclear material outside Switzerland

Switzerland shall notify the Agency in advance of the planned transfers of nuclear material subject to guarantees under this Agreement outside Switzerland, in accordance with the provisions set out in Part II of this Agreement. The Agency shall lift the safeguards applicable to nuclear material under this Agreement when the recipient State has assumed responsibility for it, as provided for in Part Two. The Agency shall keep records in which each of these transfers are recorded and, where appropriate, the reapplication of safeguards to the transferred nuclear material.

Art. 13 Provisions relating to nuclear material to be used in non-nuclear activities

Where nuclear material subject to the safeguards under this Agreement is to be used in non-nuclear activities, for example for the production of alloys or ceramics, Switzerland shall agree with the Agency before the Shall be used, the conditions under which the guarantees applicable to such materials may be lifted.

Non-application of safeguards to nuclear materials for use in non-peaceful activities

Art. 14

If Switzerland intends, as it may, to use nuclear material which must be subject to the safeguards under this Agreement in a nuclear activity that does not require the application of safeguards under this Agreement Agreement, the following shall apply:

(a)
Switzerland shall inform the Agency of the activity in question and specify:
(i)
That the use of nuclear material in non-prohibited military activity is not incompatible with a commitment entered into by Switzerland in respect of which the guarantees of the Agency apply, and providing that such materials are Used only in peaceful nuclear activity;
(ii)
That, during the period when the safeguards are not applied, nuclear material will not be used to manufacture nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices;
(b)
Switzerland and the Agency shall conclude an arrangement under which, as long as nuclear material is used in an activity of this nature, the guarantees referred to in this Agreement shall not be applied. The arrangement specifies, as far as possible, the period or circumstances in which the guarantees are not applied. In any event, the guarantees referred to in this Agreement shall apply once the material is retransferred to peaceful nuclear activity. The Agency shall be kept informed of the total quantity and composition of these materials not subject to the guarantees in Switzerland, as well as any export thereof;
(c)
Each arrangement is concluded with the concurrence of the Agency. Such consent shall be given as soon as possible; it shall cover only matters such as the provisions on time limits, the implementing rules, the preparation of reports, etc., but does not imply approval of Military activity-or knowledge of military secrets relating to this activity-nor does it relate to the use of nuclear material in this activity.

Financial matters

Art. 15

Switzerland and the Agency shall pay the costs incurred in fulfilling their respective obligations under this Agreement. However, if Switzerland or persons within its jurisdiction incur extraordinary expenses as a result of an express request by the Agency, the Agency shall reimburse the amount of such expenditure, provided that it has consented to Do it. In any event, the costs of additional measurement or sampling operations that inspectors may request are borne by the Agency.

Civil liability in the event of nuclear damage

Art. 16

Switzerland shall ensure that the Agency and its officials shall enjoy, for the purposes of the implementation of this Agreement, the same protection as its own nationals in matters of civil liability in the event of nuclear damage, including any Insurance or other financial security, which may be provided for in its legislation or regulations.

International responsibility

Art. 17

Any request for compensation made by Switzerland to the Agency or by the Agency to Switzerland for any damage resulting from the implementation of the guarantees applicable under this Agreement, other than the damage caused by a nuclear accident, shall be settled Under international law.

Measures to verify the absence of diversion

Art. 18

In the event that, after having been seized of a report of the Director-General, the Council decides that it is essential and urgent for Switzerland to take a determined measure to ensure that nuclear material subject to guarantees under the Agreement shall not be diverted to nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices, the Council may invite Switzerland to take such action without delay, irrespective of any procedure for the settlement of a dispute Pursuant to s. 22 of this Agreement.

Art. 19

In the event that the Council, after reviewing the relevant information provided by the Director General, finds that the Agency is not in a position to verify that the nuclear material to be subject to the safeguards under this Agreement does not Not diverted to nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices, the Council may report, as stated in subs. C of Art. XII of the Statute of the Agency 1 (hereinafter referred to as "the Statute"), and may also take, where applicable, the other measures provided for in that paragraph. To this end, the Council takes account of the extent to which the application of the guarantees has provided certain assurances and gives Switzerland any possibility of providing it with the necessary additional assurances.


Interpretation and Application of the Agreement and the Settlement of Disputes

Art.

Switzerland and the Agency shall consult each other, at the request of either, on any matter concerning the interpretation or application of this Agreement.

Art.

Switzerland shall be entitled to request that any matter concerning the interpretation or application of this Agreement be considered by the Council. The Council invited Switzerland to take part in its discussions on any such issues.

Art.

Any dispute relating to the interpretation or application of this Agreement, except for disputes relating to a finding by the Board under s. 19, or to a measure taken by the Council as a result of that finding, which is not settled by negotiation or by another means approved by Switzerland and the Agency must, at the request of either, be submitted to an arbitration tribunal Composed as follows: Switzerland and the Agency shall each appoint an arbitrator and the two arbitrators so appointed shall elect a third arbitrator presiding over the tribunal. If Switzerland or the Agency has not appointed an arbitrator within 30 days of the request for arbitration, Switzerland or the Agency may request the President of the International Court of Justice to appoint an arbitrator. The same procedure shall be applied if the third arbitrator is not elected within 30 days after the appointment or appointment of the second arbitrator. A quorum consists of the majority of the members of the arbitral tribunal; all decisions must be approved by two arbitrators. The arbitration procedure shall be determined by the court. The decisions of the court are binding on Switzerland and the Agency.

Suspension of the application of Agency safeguards under other agreements

Art.

The application of the Agency's guarantees in Switzerland under other safeguards agreements concluded with the Agency shall be suspended as long as this Agreement is in force. If Switzerland has received assistance from the Agency for a project, the commitment made by Switzerland under the project agreement to not use any of the articles referred to in that agreement in such a way as to be used for military purposes is maintained.

Amendment of the Agreement

Art. 24

(a) Switzerland and the Agency shall consult each other, at the request of either Party, on any amendment to this Agreement.

(b) All amendments must be accepted by Switzerland and the Agency.

(c) The amendments to this Agreement shall enter into force on the same terms as the Agreement itself.

(d) The Director General shall without delay inform all Member States of the Agency of any amendment to this Agreement.

Entry into force and duration

Art. 25

This Agreement shall enter into force on the date on which the Agency receives from Switzerland written notification that the constitutional and legislative requirements for entry into force are fulfilled. The Director General shall without delay inform all Member States of the Agency of the entry into force of this Agreement.

Art. 26

This Agreement shall remain in force for as long as Switzerland is a Party to the Treaty.

Part II Introduction

Art. 27

The purpose of this Part of the Agreement is to specify the terms and conditions for the implementation of the provisions of Part I.

Purpose of Guarantees

Art. 28

The objective of the modalities for the implementation of the safeguards set out in this part of the Agreement is the early detection of the diversion of significant quantities of nuclear material from peaceful nuclear activities to the manufacture of weapons Nuclear or other nuclear explosive devices or for unknown purposes, and to deter any diversion by the risk of rapid detection.

Art.

In order to achieve the objective set out in s. 28, material accounting is used as a measure of essential safeguards associated with containment and surveillance as important complementary measures.

Art.

The technical conclusion of the verification operations by the Agency is a declaration, for each field of balance sheet, indicating the difference in inventory for a specified period and the limits on the accuracy of the reported differences.

National System of Accounting and Control of Nuclear Material

Art.

In accordance with Art. 7, the Agency shall, in its verification activities, make full use of the Swiss system of accounting and control of all nuclear materials subject to guarantees under this Agreement and shall avoid any unnecessary duplication of Accounting and control by Switzerland.

Art. 32

The Swiss accounting and control system for all nuclear material subject to the guarantees under this Agreement shall be based on a set of balance sheet areas and, where appropriate, and as specified in the arrangements Subsidiary, implementation of the following provisions:

(a)
A system of measures for the determination of quantities of nuclear material arrived, produced, shipped, consumed, lost or otherwise withdrawn from the stock, and quantities in inventory;
(b)
Assessment of measurement accuracy and accuracy and estimation of uncertainty;
(c)
Arrangements for finding, reviewing and evaluating discrepancies between the measures taken by the sender and the addressee;
(d)
The terms of the physical stock inventory;
(e)
Procedures for assessing unmeasured accumulations of stocks and losses;
(f)
A set of statements and reports indicating, for each balance sheet area, the stock of nuclear material and the variations in that stock, including arrivals and shipments;
(g)
Provisions to ensure the correct application of accounting methods and rules;
(h)
Procedures for reporting to the Agency in accordance with ss. 59 to 69.

Starting point for the application of safeguards

Art. 33

Guarantees shall not apply under this Agreement to materials in ore mining or processing activities.

Art. 34

(a) If materials containing uranium or thorium that have not reached the stage of the fuel cycle referred to in para. (c) are directly or indirectly exported to a non-nuclear-weapon State, Switzerland shall inform the Agency of the quantity, composition and destination of such materials, unless they are exported for specific purposes not Nuclear.

(b) If materials containing uranium or thorium that have not reached the stage of the fuel cycle referred to in para. (c) are imported, Switzerland shall inform the Agency of the quantity and composition of such materials, unless they are imported for specifically non-nuclear purposes.

(c) If nuclear materials of a composition and purity specific to the manufacture of fuel or the separation of isotopes leave the plant or the processing stage where they have been produced, or whether such nuclear material or any nuclear material Other nuclear material produced at a later stage of the nuclear fuel cycle shall be imported into Switzerland, the nuclear material shall then be subject to the other terms of guarantees specified in this Agreement.

Waiving of Warranties

Art. 35

(a) Safeguards shall be lifted in respect of nuclear material subject to safeguards under this Agreement, under the conditions set out in Art. 11. If these conditions are not met, but Switzerland considers that the recovery of the controlled nuclear material contained in the waste to be reprocessed is not feasible or desirable at the present time, Switzerland and the Agency shall consult each other Subject to appropriate safeguards to be applied.

(b) Safeguards shall be lifted in respect of nuclear material subject to safeguards under this Agreement, under the conditions set out in Art. 13, provided that Switzerland and the Agency agree that these nuclear materials are practically unrecoverable.

Exemption from Guarantees

Art. 36

At the request of Switzerland, the Agency exempts from guarantees the following nuclear materials:

(a)
Special fissionable products that are used in quantities of the order of the gram or less as sensitive elements in apparatus;
(b)
Nuclear materials that are used in non-nuclear activities in accordance with s. 13 and are recoverable;
(c)
Plutonium has an isotopic content of plutonium-238 greater than 80 %.
Art.

At the request of Switzerland, the Agency exempts nuclear material, which would otherwise be subject to it, provided that the total quantity of nuclear material exempted in Switzerland under this Article does not exceed at any time The following quantities:

(a)
One kilogram of total special fissile material, which may include one or more of the following:
(i)
Plutonium;
(ii)
Uranium with enrichment equal to or greater than 0.2 (20 %), the weight of which is considered to be the product of the actual weight by enrichment;
(iii)
Uranium with enrichment less than 0.2 (20 %) but greater than that of natural uranium, the weight of which is considered to be the product of the actual weight by the quintuple of the enrichment square;
(b)
Ten tonnes of total natural uranium and depleted uranium with enrichment greater than 0.005 (0.5 %);
(c)
Twenty tonnes of depleted uranium with enrichment equal to or less than 0.005 (0.5 %);
(d)
Twenty tonnes of thorium; or such larger quantities as the Commission may specify for uniform application.
Art. 38

If an exempted nuclear material is to be treated or stored at the same time as nuclear material subject to safeguards under this Agreement, provisions shall be made for the reapplication of the safeguards in this matter.

Subsidiary arrangements

Art. 39

Switzerland and the Agency shall conclude subsidiary arrangements which specify in detail, to the extent necessary to enable the Agency to effectively discharge its responsibilities under this Agreement, the manner in which the modalities Set out in this Agreement shall be applied. Switzerland and the Agency may extend or modify, by mutual agreement, the subsidiary arrangements without amendment of this Agreement.

Art. 40

The subsidiary arrangements shall enter into force at the same time as this Agreement or as soon as possible after its entry into force. Switzerland and the Agency shall make every effort to enter into force within ninety days after the entry into force of this Agreement; this period may be extended only if Switzerland and the Agency have agreed to it. Switzerland shall promptly inform the Agency of the information necessary for the preparation of such arrangements. Upon the entry into force of this Agreement, the Agency shall have the right to apply the terms and conditions set out therein with respect to the nuclear materials listed in the inventory referred to in Art. 41, although the subsidiary arrangements have not yet entered into force.

Inventory

Art.

On the basis of the initial report referred to. Art. 62, the Agency shall establish a single inventory of all nuclear material subject to the guarantees in Switzerland under this Agreement, irrespective of its origin, and shall keep it updated on the basis of the subsequent reports and the results of its Verification operations. Copies of the inventory shall be submitted to Switzerland at intervals to be agreed.

Descriptive Information General Provisions

Art.

Under s. 8, descriptive information on existing facilities is communicated to the Agency during the discussion of the subsidiary arrangements. The time limits for submitting descriptive information for new installations are specified in the said arrangements; this information is provided as soon as possible before the introduction of nuclear material into a facility New.

Art. 43

The descriptive information provided to the Agency must include for each facility, if applicable:

(a)
Identification of the facility indicating its general character, purpose, nominal capacity and geographical location, as well as the name and address to be used for routine business;
(b)
A description of the general layout of the facility indicating, to the extent possible, the shape, location and flow of nuclear material, as well as the general provision of material that uses, produces or processes Nuclear material;
(c)
A description of the features of the facility with respect to material accounting, containment and monitoring;
(d)
A description of the rules on the accounting and control of nuclear materials, in force or proposed, in the facility, including, in particular, the balance sheet areas defined by the operator, the operations to measure the flow and the modalities Inventory of the physical stock.
Art. 44

Additional information relevant to the application of safeguards is provided to the Agency for each facility, in particular information on the organization chart of responsibilities for accounting and control of materials. Switzerland shall provide the Agency with further information on the health and safety rules to be observed by the Agency and to which the inspectors will have to comply with the installation.

Art. 45

Descriptive information regarding changes that affect the safeguards is provided to the Agency for review; the Agency is advised of any changes to the information disclosed under s. 44, sufficiently early so that the terms of application of the guarantees can be adjusted if necessary.

Art. The Review of Descriptive Information

The descriptive information provided to the Agency is used for the following purposes:

(a)
To know the characteristics of nuclear facilities and materials, which are relevant to the application of safeguards to nuclear material, in sufficient detail to make verification easier;
(b)
Determine the balance sheet areas that will be used for accounting by the Agency and select the strategic points that are key measurement points and are used to determine the flow and stock of nuclear material; for Determine these areas of material balance sheet, the Agency shall apply in particular the following criteria:
(i)
The size of the balance sheet areas is a function of the accuracy with which the material balance can be established;
(ii)
In order to determine the balance sheet areas, efforts should be made as far as possible to use containment and monitoring to ensure that the flow measurements are complete and thus simplify the application of the safeguards by concentrating the operations of the Measurement at key points of measurement;
(iii)
It is permissible to combine several balance sheet areas used in a facility or in separate sites in a single balance sheet area for the purposes of the Agency's accounts, if the Agency determines that this combination is compatible With its audit needs;
(iv)
At the request of Switzerland, it is possible to define a special material balance area which would include within its limits a process whose details are commercially sensitive;
(c)
To establish the theoretical frequency and terms of the inventory of the physical stock of nuclear material for the purposes of accounting for the Agency;
(d)
Determine the contents of the accounts and reports, as well as the methods of valuation of the accounts;
(e)
Determine the requirements for verification of the quantity and location of nuclear material, and determine the terms of verification;
(f)
Identify appropriate combinations of containment and monitoring methods and techniques and the strategic points to which they will be applied.

The results of the review of the descriptive information are included in the subsidiary arrangements.

Art. Reconsideration of descriptive information

Descriptive information shall be reviewed in the light of changes in operating conditions, advances in the technology of guarantees or experience acquired in the application of the verification procedures, with a view to modifying the Measures taken by the Agency pursuant to s. 46.

Art. 48 Verification of Descriptive Information

The Agency may, in cooperation with Switzerland, send inspectors to the facilities to verify the descriptive information communicated to the Agency under Art. 42 to 45 for the purposes set out in s. 46.

Information relating to nuclear material outside the facilities

Art.

Where nuclear material is normally to be used outside the facility, the following information shall be communicated to the Agency where appropriate:

(a)
A general description of the use of nuclear materials, their geographical location and the name and address of the user to be used for routine business;
(b)
A general description of the current or proposed modalities for the accounting and control of nuclear materials, including the organizational chart of responsibilities for accounting and control of materials.

The Agency shall be informed without delay of any changes to the information provided under this Article.

Art. 50

Information provided to the Agency under s. 49 may be used, to the extent necessary, for the purposes set out in paras. (b) to (f) of Art. 46.

Accounting General Provisions

Art.

By establishing its system of control of materials as described in s. 7, Switzerland shall ensure that an accounting is kept in respect of each of the balance sheet areas. The accounts to be kept are described in the subsidiary arrangements.

Art.

Switzerland is taking steps to facilitate the review of the accounts by the inspectors, particularly if it is not held in English, Spanish, French or Russian.

Art.

Accounting is kept for at least five years.

Art.

Accounting shall include, where appropriate:

(a)
Accounting records of all nuclear material subject to safeguards under this Agreement;
(b)
Records of operations for facilities containing these nuclear materials.
Art.

The system of measures, on which the accounting for reporting is based, is consistent with the most recent international standards or is equivalent in quality to these standards.

Accounting Statements

Art. 56

The accounting statements shall contain, with respect to each balance sheet area, the following entries:

(a)
All stock changes to allow the accounting stock to be determined at any time;
(b)
All results of measurements that are used to determine the physical stock;
(c)
All adjustments and corrections that have been made in respect of stock changes, accounting stocks and physical inventories.
Art. 57

For all stock variations and all physical stocks, the records indicate, with respect to each lot of nuclear material: the identification of the material, the data concerning the lot and the basic data. The surveys account for the quantities of uranium, thorium and plutonium separately in each batch of nuclear material. For each inventory change are indicated the date of the change and, if applicable, the material balance sheet area and the recipient's material balance sheet area.

Art. Statements of Operations

The statements of operations shall contain, for each balance sheet area, where applicable, the following entries:

(a)
The operating data used to determine changes in the quantities and composition of nuclear materials;
(b)
Information obtained through the calibration of tanks and apparatus and by sampling and analysis, the procedures for quality control of measurements and the calculated estimates of random and systematic errors;
(c)
A description of the process used to prepare and prepare an inventory of the physical stock and to ensure that the inventory is accurate and complete;
(d)
A description of the arrangements made to determine the cause and magnitude of any accidental or unmeasured losses that may occur.

Reports General Provisions

Art.

Switzerland shall communicate to the Agency the reports defined in Art. 60 to 69, in respect of nuclear materials subject to safeguards under this Agreement.

Art. 60

The reports shall be in English, Spanish, French or Russian, unless otherwise provided for in the subsidiary arrangements.

Art. 61

The reports are based on accounting held in accordance with ss. 51 to 58 and include, as appropriate, accounting and special reports.

Accounting reports

S. 62

The Agency shall receive an initial report on all nuclear material subject to the safeguards under this Agreement. The initial report shall be sent by Switzerland to the Agency within 30 days after the last day of the calendar month in which this Agreement enters into force, and shall describe the situation on the last day of that month.

S. 63

For each balance sheet area, Switzerland shall communicate to the Agency the following accounting reports:

(a)
Reports on stock variations indicating all changes in the stock of nuclear material. Reports are sent as soon as possible and in any case within 30 days of the end of the month in which the stock changes occurred or were detected;
(b)
Reports on the balance sheet indicating the balance sheet based on the physical stock of the nuclear material actually present in the material balance area. Reports are sent as soon as possible and in any case within 30 days of an inventory of the physical stock.

The reports are based on the information available on the date they are established and may be corrected later if applicable.

Art. 64

Stock variations reports shall identify the material and lot data for each lot of nuclear material, the date of the inventory change and, where applicable, the balance sheet area and the zone To the recipient or recipient. These reports are attached to the concise notes:

(a)
Explain stock exchange variations on the basis of the operating data recorded in the statements of operations provided for in para. (a) art. 58;
(b)
Describing, as specified in the subsidiary arrangements, the planned programme of operations, including the physical stock inventory.
Art.

Switzerland accounts for each variation of stock, adjustment or correction, either periodically in a consolidated list or separately. Changes in stock per lot are reported. As specified in the subsidiary arrangements, small changes in the stock of nuclear materials, such as the transfer of samples for analysis, may be grouped together to be accounted for as a single variation of the Inventory.

Art. 66

The Agency shall communicate to Switzerland, for each balance sheet area, semi-annual inventories of the accounting stock of nuclear materials subject to the guarantees under this Agreement, drawn up on the basis of the reports on stock changes for the Period covered by each of these inventories.

Art. 67

The reports on the balance sheets shall contain the following entries, unless Switzerland and the Agency agree otherwise:

(a)
Initial physical inventory;
(b)
Stock changes (first increases, then decreases); (c) Final accounting inventory;
(d)
Shipper-to-receiver differences;
(e)
Adjusted final accounting inventory;
(f)
Final physical stock;
(g)
Inventory Difference.

An inventory of the physical stock in which all the lots are listed separately and which gives each lot the identification of the materials and the lot data is attached to each of the balance sheet reports.

Art. 68 Special Reports

Switzerland sends special reports without delay:

(a)
If exceptional circumstances or incident lead Switzerland to believe that nuclear material has been or may have been lost in quantities exceeding the limits specified for that purpose in the subsidiary arrangements;
(b)
If containment has changed unexpectedly from that specified in the subsidiary arrangements, to the extent that an unauthorized withdrawal of nuclear material has become possible.
Art. 69 Clarifications and clarifications

At the request of the Agency, Switzerland shall provide clarifications or clarifications on all reports to the extent necessary for the purposes of the guarantees.

Inspections

Art. General provisions

The Agency shall have the right to do inspections in accordance with the provisions of Art. 71 to 82.

Objectives of inspections

Art.

The Agency may make ad hoc inspections to:

(a)
Verify the information contained in the initial report on nuclear material subject to safeguards under this Agreement;
(b)
Identify and verify changes that have occurred since the date of the initial report;
(c)
Identify nuclear material and, if possible, verify quantity and composition, in accordance with ss. 93 and 96, before they are transferred out of Switzerland or when they are transferred to their territory.
Art. 72

The Agency may conduct regular inspections to:

(a)
Verify that reports are in accordance with accounting;
(b)
Verify the location, identity, quantity and composition of all nuclear material subject to safeguards under this Agreement;
(c)
Check information on possible causes of inventory differences, shipper/consignee differences, and uncertainties in the accounting inventory.
Art.

The Agency may make special inspections, subject to the provisions of Article 77:

(a)
To verify the information contained in the special reports;
(b)
If the Agency is of the opinion that the information provided by Switzerland, including the explanations provided by Switzerland and the information obtained through regular inspections, is not sufficient for the Agency to fulfil its responsibilities under Of this Agreement.

An inspection is said to be special when it is in addition to regular inspections under ss. 78 to 82, or inspectors have a right of access to information or locations that are in addition to those specified in s. 76 for regular inspections and ad hoc inspections.

Scope of inspections

S. 74

For the purposes specified in Articles 71 to 73, the Agency may:

(a)
Review accounting in accordance with ss. 51 to 58;
(b)
To conduct independent measures of all nuclear material subject to safeguards under this Agreement;
(c)
Verify the operation and calibration of devices and other control and measuring devices;
(d)
Apply and use monitoring and containment measures;
(e)
Use other objective methods that have proven to be technically applicable.
Art. 75

Within the framework of the provisions of Article 74, the Agency is empowered to:

(a)
Ensure that samples taken at the main measurement points for the material balance are carried out in accordance with procedures that provide representative samples, monitor the processing and analysis of samples, and obtain duplicate samples. Of these samples;
(b)
Ensure that measurements of nuclear material at the main measurement points for the material balance sheet are representative, and monitor the calibration of devices and other devices;
(c)
Make arrangements, where appropriate, with Switzerland to ensure that: (i) Additional measures are taken and additional samples taken from the Agency;
(ii)
The calibrated samples provided by the Agency for analysis are analyzed;
(iii)
Appropriate absolute standards are used for calibrating devices and other devices;
(iv)
Other calibrations are carried out;
(d)
Provide for the use of its own equipment for independent measurement and monitoring and, if so agreed and specified in the subsidiary arrangements, provide for the installation of such equipment;
(e)
Place seals and other identification and denunciation devices on the confinements, if so agreed and specified in the subsidiary arrangements;
(f)
Make arrangements with Switzerland for the shipment of samples collected for the Agency.

Right of access for inspections

Art. 76

(a) For the purposes set out in paras. (a) and (b) of Art. 71 and until the strategic points have been specified in the subsidiary arrangements, the inspectors of the Agency shall have access to any location where, on the basis of the initial report or an inspection made at the time of this report, Find nuclear material.

(b) For the purposes set out in para. (c) of Article 71, inspectors shall have access to any location for which the Agency has received notification in accordance with subparagraph (d) (iii) of Art. 92 or (d) (iii) of s. 95.

(c) For the purposes set out in art. 72, the inspectors of the Agency shall have access to the only strategic points designated in the subsidiary arrangements and the accounts kept in accordance with Art. 51 to 58.

(d) If Switzerland considers that due to exceptional circumstances it is necessary to make significant limitations to the right of access granted to the Agency, Switzerland and the Agency shall conclude without delay arrangements to enable the Agency to comply Of its safeguards responsibilities in the light of such limitations. The Director General shall report to the Council on each of these arrangements.

Art. 77

In the circumstances that may result in special inspections for the purposes set out in s. 73, Switzerland and the Agency shall consult immediately. Following these consultations, the Agency may:

(a)
Conduct inspections that are in addition to regular inspections under ss. 78 to 82;
(b)
To obtain, with the consent of Switzerland, a right of access to information or locations that are in addition to those specified in art. 76. Any disagreement concerning the need to extend the right of access shall be resolved in accordance with the provisions of Art. 21 and 22; if the measures to be taken by Switzerland are essential and urgent, Art. 18 applies.

Frequency and intensity of regular inspections

S. 78

The Agency shall follow an optimal inspection schedule and shall maintain the number, intensity and duration of the regular inspections to a minimum compatible with the effective application of the terms of guarantees laid down in this Agreement; it shall use the most The resources available for inspection are rationally and economically feasible.

Art.

In the case of installations and balance sheet areas external to installations, containing a quantity of nuclear material or having an annual flow rate, if the latter is greater than five kilograms, the Agency may proceed to Regular inspection per year.

Art. 80

For installations containing a quantity of nuclear material or having an annual flow exceeding five kilograms, the number, intensity, duration, schedule and modalities of the regular inspections shall be determined taking into account the The principle that, in the extreme or limited case, the inspection regime is not more intensive than is necessary and sufficient to know at all times the flow and stock of nuclear material; the maximum of regular inspection in that Concerns such installations shall be determined as follows:

(a)
For reactors and storage facilities under seal, the maximum total regular inspection per year shall be determined on the basis of a sixth grade of inspector for each of the installations in that category;
(b)
For installations, other than under-sealed reactors and storage facilities, whose activities involve the use of plutonium or enriched uranium at more than 5 %, the maximum total regular inspection per year shall be determined on the Base of 30 × Ö < Inspector days per year for each installation of this category, E being the stock of nuclear material or the annual flow rate, if it is higher, expressed in kilograms effective. However, the maximum established for any of these facilities will not be less than 1.5 years of inspection;
(c)
For installations not covered by paras. (a) or (b), the maximum total regular inspection per year shall be determined by authorizing for each installation of that category one third of an inspector's year plus 0.4 × E inspector days per year, E being the stock of nuclear material or the flow rate Annual, if it is higher, expressed in kilograms.

Switzerland and the Agency may agree to modify the figures specified in this Article for the maximum inspection when the Council decides that this amendment is justified.

Art.

Subject to the provisions of Art. 78 to 80, the number, intensity, duration, schedule and arrangements for regular inspections of any facility shall be determined, inter alia, according to the following criteria:

(a)
Form of nuclear material, in particular if the material is in bulk or contained in a number of identifiable articles; chemical composition and, in the case of uranium, if it is low or highly enriched; accessibility;
(b)
Effectiveness of the Swiss accounting and control system, In particular the extent to which the operators of installations are organically independent of the Swiss accounting and control system; extent to which the provisions specified in Art. 32 have been applied by Switzerland; promptness with which the reports are addressed to the Agency; their consistency with the independent audits carried out by the Agency; the importance and accuracy of the inventory difference confirmed by the Agency;
(c)
Characteristics of the nuclear fuel cycle of Switzerland, in particular the number and type of facilities containing nuclear material subject to the guarantees; characteristics of these installations from the point of view of guarantees, in particular degree The extent to which the design of these facilities facilitates the verification of the flow and stock of nuclear material; the extent to which a correlation can be established between information from different areas of the Material balance;
(d)
Interdependence of States, In particular in which nuclear material is received from other States, or dispatched to other States for the purposes of use or processing; all verification operations carried out by the Agency on the occasion of such transfers; measure In which the nuclear activities of Switzerland and those of other States are interdependent;
(e)
Technical progress in the field of safeguards, including the use of statistical processes and random sampling for the evaluation of nuclear material flows.
Art.

Switzerland and the Agency shall consult each other if Switzerland considers that the inspection is unduly concentrated on certain installations.

Notices of Inspections

Art. 83

The Agency shall give notice to Switzerland of the arrival of the inspectors in the facilities or in the balance sheet areas external to the installations:

(a)
For ad hoc inspections provided for in para. (c) of s. 71, at least twenty-four hours in advance; one week at least in advance for inspections scheduled for paras. (a) and (b) of Art. 71, as well as for activities under s. 48;
(b)
For special inspections under s. 73, as soon as possible after Switzerland and the Agency have consulted as provided for in Art. 77, on the understanding that the notification of arrival normally forms part of the consultations;
(c)
For regular inspections under s. 72, at least 24 hours in advance with respect to the facilities referred to in para. (b) art. 80 as well as sealed storage facilities containing plutonium or enriched uranium at more than 5 %, and one week in all other cases.

Notices of inspection shall include the names of inspectors and shall indicate the facilities and balance sheet areas outside the facilities to be inspected and the periods during which they will be inspected. If the inspectors arrive from an external territory to that of Switzerland, the Agency shall also give notice of the place and time of their arrival in Switzerland.

Art. 84

Notwithstanding the provisions of Art. 83, the Agency may, as a supplementary measure, carry out, without prior notification, part of the regular inspections provided for in Art. 80, according to the principle of random sampling. In carrying out unannounced inspections, the Agency shall take full account of the operations programme provided by Switzerland in accordance with para. (b) art. 64. In addition, whenever possible, and on the basis of the programme of operations, it shall periodically notify Switzerland of its general programme of announced and unannounced inspections, specifying the general periods during which Inspections are planned. In carrying out unannounced inspections, the Agency shall make every effort to minimise any practical difficulties that such inspections could cause to Switzerland and the operators of installations, taking into account the provisions Relevant to s. 44 and art. 89. Similarly, Switzerland is making every effort to facilitate the task of the inspectors.

Designation of inspectors

Art. 85

Inspectors shall be designated as follows:

(a)
The Director General shall communicate in writing to Switzerland the name, titles, nationality and rank of each official of the Agency whose designation as an inspector for Switzerland is proposed, as well as any other relevant details concerning him;
(b)
Switzerland shall inform the Director General within 30 days of receipt of the proposal, if it accepts this proposal;
(c)
The Director-General may designate as one of the inspectors for Switzerland each official that Switzerland has accepted, and he shall inform Switzerland of such designations;
(d)
The Director-General, in response to a request from Switzerland, or on his own initiative, immediately informed Switzerland that the designation of an official as an inspector for Switzerland was cancelled.

However, with respect to inspectors required by the Agency for the purposes set out in s. 48 and for ad hoc inspections in accordance with paras. (a) and (b) of Art. 71, the designation formalities shall be completed if possible within thirty days of the entry into force of this Agreement. If such designations cannot be made within that period, inspectors shall be designated for those purposes on a temporary basis.

Art. 86

Switzerland shall grant or renew as soon as possible the necessary visas for each inspector designated for Switzerland.

Conduct and stay of inspectors

Art.

Inspectors, in the performance of their duties under s. 48 and 71 to 75, carry out their duties in such a way as to avoid impeding or delaying the construction, commissioning or operation of the facilities, or compromising their safety. In particular, inspectors must not operate an installation themselves or order the personnel of a facility to carry out any operation. If inspectors consider that s. 74 and 75 the operator should conduct specific operations in a facility, and make an application to that effect.

Art.

If, in the performance of their duties, inspectors require services which they may obtain in Switzerland, including the use of equipment, Switzerland shall facilitate the obtaining of such services and the use of such equipment.

Art. 89

Switzerland shall have the right to accompany the inspectors by its representatives during the inspection operations, provided that the inspectors are not thereby delayed or otherwise impeded in the performance of their duties.

Statements related to the Agency's audit activities

Art.

The Agency shall inform Switzerland:

(a)
Results of inspections at intervals specified in the subsidiary arrangements;
(b)
The conclusions drawn from its verification operations in Switzerland, in particular in the form of declarations for each balance sheet area, which are established as soon as possible after the physical stock has been inventoried and Audited by the Agency and a material balance sheet has been completed.

International Transfers

Art. 91 General provisions

Nuclear materials submitted or to be subject to the guarantees under this Agreement and which are the subject of an international transfer shall be considered, for the purposes of the Agreement, to be under the responsibility of Switzerland:

(a)
In the case of imports into Switzerland, from the time when such responsibility ceases to be the responsibility of the exporting State, and no later than at the time of arrival of the materials to the destination;
(b)
In the event of exportation out of Switzerland, until such time as the receiving State assumes this responsibility, and no later than at the time of the arrival of the nuclear material at destination.

The stage of the transfer of responsibility shall be determined in accordance with the appropriate arrangements to be concluded by the States concerned. Neither Switzerland nor any other State shall be considered to have such responsibility on nuclear material for the sole reason that they are in transit on or over its territory, or transported under its Flag or in its aircraft.

Transfers outside Switzerland

Art. 92

(a) Switzerland shall notify the Agency of any planned transfer of nuclear material subject to guarantees under this Agreement from Switzerland, if the shipment is greater than one kilogram effective, or if, within three months, several Separate consignments shall be sent to the same State, each of which is less than one kilogram effective but whose total exceeds one kilogram effective. No prior notification is required for transfers to Liechtenstein.

(b) The notification shall be made to the Agency after the conclusion of the contract providing for the transfer and normally at least two weeks before the nuclear material is prepared for shipment.

(c) Switzerland and the Agency may agree on different modalities for prior notification.

(d) The notification specifies:

(i)
The identification and, if possible, the expected quantity and composition of the nuclear material transferred, and the material balance area from which they originate;
(ii)
The State to which nuclear material is intended;
(iii)
Dates and locations where nuclear material will be prepared for shipment;
(iv)
Approximate dates of shipment and arrival of nuclear material;
(v)
The stage of the transfer to which the receiving State will assume responsibility for nuclear material for the purposes of this Agreement, and the probable date at which this stage will be reached.
Art. 93

The notification referred to in Art. 92 is such that it allows the Agency to carry out, if necessary, an ad hoc inspection to identify nuclear material and, if possible, verify the quantity and composition before they are transferred out of Switzerland and, if possible, The Agency wishes, or if Switzerland so requests, to affix seals to nuclear material when they have been prepared for shipment. However, the transfer of nuclear material should not be delayed in any way by the measures taken or envisaged by the Agency as a result of this notification.

Art. 94

If the nuclear material is not subject to the Agency's guarantees in the territory of the receiving State, Switzerland shall take the necessary steps to ensure that the Agency receives, within three months from the date on which the receiving State accepts the Responsibility for nuclear material in place of Switzerland, a confirmation of the transfer by the receiving State.

Transfers to Switzerland

Art. 95

(a) Switzerland shall notify the Agency of any planned transfer of nuclear material to be subject to the guarantees under this Agreement, which are destined for Switzerland, if the shipment is greater than one effective kilogram, or if, in the space of Three months, several separate shipments must be received from the same state, each of which is less than one kilogram effective but whose total exceeds one kilogram effective. No prior notification is required for transfers from Liechtenstein.

(b) The notification shall be made to the Agency for as long as possible before the expected date of the arrival of the nuclear material and in no case later than the date on which it is the responsibility of Switzerland.

(c) Switzerland and the Agency may agree on different modalities for prior notification.

(d) The notification specifies:

(i)
Identification and, if possible, the expected quantity and composition of nuclear materials;
(ii)
The stage of the transfer to which Switzerland will assume responsibility for nuclear material for the purposes of this Agreement, and the probable date at which this stage will be reached;
(iii)
The expected date of arrival, the location where the nuclear material is expected to be unpacked, and the date on which it is expected to be unpacked.
Art. 96

The notification referred to in Art. 95 is such that it allows the Agency to carry out, if necessary, an ad hoc inspection to identify the nuclear material and, if possible, verify its quantity and composition, at the time the shipment is unpacked. However, the unpacking shall not be delayed due to the measures taken or envisaged by the Agency as a result of this notification.

Art. 97 Special Reports

Switzerland sends a special report, as provided for in Art. 68, if exceptional circumstances or incidents lead him to believe that nuclear material has been or may have been lost during an international transfer, in particular if there is a significant delay in the transfer.

Definitions

Art. 98

For the purposes of this Agreement:

A. By Adjusting, An accounting entry indicating a discrepancy between the shipper and the consignee or an inventory difference.

B. By Annual throughput, For the purposes of s. 79 and 80, the amount of nuclear material transferred each year out of a facility operating at its rated capacity.

C. By Batch, A portion of nuclear material treated as a unit for accounting purposes at a primary measurement point, the composition and quantity of which are defined by a unique set of characteristics or measures. Nuclear materials may be in bulk or contained in a number of identifiable articles.

D. By Batch data, The total weight of each element of nuclear material and, in the case of uranium and plutonium, the isotopic composition if applicable. The account units are as follows:

(a)
The gram for the contained plutonium;
(b)
The gram for total uranium and for the total of uranium-235 and uranium-233 in the uranium enriched in these isotopes;
(c)
The kilogram for thorium, natural uranium and depleted uranium contained.

For reporting purposes, the weights of the different items in the lot are added before rounding to the nearest unit.

E. The Accounting inventory A balance sheet area is the algebraic sum of the physical stock determined by the most recent inventory and any inventory changes that have occurred since that inventory.

F. By Correction, An accounting entry to correct an identified error or to translate the improved measurement of an already recorded quantity. Each correction must specify the writing to which it relates.

G. By Actual kilogram, A special unit used in the application of safeguards to nuclear material. The quantity of actual kilograms is obtained by taking:

(a)
In the case of plutonium, its weight in kilograms;
(b)
In the case of uranium with enrichment equal to or greater than 0.01 (1 %), the product of its weight in kilograms per square of enrichment;
(c)
In the case of uranium having an enrichment less than 0.01 (1 but greater than 0.005 (0.5 %), the product of its weight in kilograms per 0.0001;
(d)
For depleted uranium with enrichment equal to or less than 0.005 (0.5 %) and in the case of thorium, their weight in kilograms multiplied by 0.00005.

H. By Enrichment, The ratio of the total weight of uranium-233 and of uranium-235 to the total weight of the uranium considered.

I. By Installation, It means:

(a)
A reactor, critical facility, processing plant, manufacturing plant, irradiated fuel processing plant, isotope separation plant or separate storage facility;
(b)
Any location where nuclear material in quantities greater than one kilogram is usually used.

J. By Inventory change, An increase or decrease in the quantity of nuclear material, expressed in lots, in a material balance area, may be one of the following increases and decreases:

(a)
Increases
(i) Import;
(ii)
Arrival from inside: arrival from another field of balance sheet or an uncontrolled (non-peaceful) activity or arrival at the starting point of the application of the guarantees;
(iii)
Nuclear production: production of special fissile material in a reactor;
(iv)
Waiver of exemption: application of safeguards to previously exempted nuclear materials due to the use or fact of quantity;
(b)
Decreases:
(i)
Exporting;
(ii)
Shipment to the interior: shipment to another material balance area or an uncontrolled (non-peaceful) activity;
(iii)
Consumption: loss of nuclear material due to its transformation into different elements or isotope (s) as a result of nuclear reactions;
(iv)
Measured targets: nuclear material that has been measured, or estimated on the basis of measures, and allocated for such purposes as to be no longer suitable for nuclear use;
(v)
Retained waste: nuclear material produced in the course of treatment or as a result of an operating accident and considered to be unrecoverable but stored;
(vi)
Exemption: exemption of nuclear material from guarantees due to the use or fact of quantity;
(vii)
Other losses include, for example, accidental loss (i.e., inadvertent loss of nuclear material inadvertently due to an operating accident) or theft.

K. By Main point of measurement, A place where, given its shape, nuclear material can be measured to determine its flow or stock. The main measurement points include inputs and outputs (including measured scrap) and stores in the TOCs, which are not exhaustive.

L. By Year of inspector, For the purposes of s. 80, 300 days of inspector, one day of inspector being a day in which an inspector has access at any time to an installation for a total of eight hours.

M. By Material Balance Area, An inner or outer part of a facility such as:

(a)
The quantities of nuclear material transferred can be determined at the entry and exit of each material balance area,
(b)
The physical stock of nuclear material in each balance sheet area may be determined, if necessary, in accordance with specified terms and conditions, so that the balance sheet for the purposes of the Agency's guarantees can be established.

N. The Inventory difference Is the difference between the accounting inventory and the physical stock.

Y. By Nuclear material, Any raw material or any special fissionable product as defined in Art. XX of the Statute. The term raw material is not interpreted as applying to ores or ores. If after the entry into force of this Agreement, the Council, acting under Art. XX of the Statute, means other materials and adds them to the list of substances that are considered to be raw materials or special fissionable products, that designation shall take effect under this Agreement only after having been accepted by the Switzerland.

P. The Physical Inventory Is the sum of all quantities of nuclear material of the lots at a given time in a material balance area, these quantities being results of measurements or calculated estimates, obtained according to specified terms and conditions.

Q. By Sender and receiver gap The difference between the quantity of nuclear material in a lot, as declared by the balance sheet area, and the quantity measured by the receiving material balance sheet.

A. By Basic data, Data, recorded in measurements or calibrations, or used to obtain empirical relationships, are used to identify the nuclear material and to determine the data concerning the lot. The basic data include, for example, the weight of the compounds, the conversion factors applied to determine the weight of the element, the specific weight, the concentration of the element, the isotopic abundances, the relation between the readings Volumetric and manometric, and the relationship between plutonium and energy produced.

S. By Strategic point, A location selected for the review of descriptive information where, under normal conditions and in conjunction with information from all strategic points, the necessary and sufficient information For the implementation of safeguards measures are obtained and verified. A strategic point can be any location where major accounting measures are taken and containment and monitoring measures are implemented.

Done at Vienna, on September 6, 1978, in duplicate in the English and French languages, both texts being equally authentic.


For the

Swiss Confederation:

For the International Agency

Atomic Energy:

J. Manz

Sigvard Eklund


RO 1978 1720


1 RS 0.515.03
2 RS 0.732.011


State 11. July 2006