(a)

The terms "injured" and "sick" refer to persons, whether military or civilian, who, because of trauma, illness or other physical or mental disabilities or disabilities, require medical care and who refrain from any action Of hostility. These terms also apply to women in childbirth, newborns and other persons who may require immediate medical care, such as infirm and pregnant women, and who refrain from any act of hostilite;

(b)

The term "shipwrecked" means persons, whether military or civilian, in a perilous situation at sea or in other waters as a result of the infortune that hits or hits the ship or aircraft carrying them, and refrains from Any act of hostility. Those persons, provided that they continue to refrain from any act of hostility, shall continue to be regarded as shipwrecked during their rescue until they have acquired another status under the Conventions or the present Protocol;

(c)

The term "health personnel" means persons exclusively assigned by a Party to the conflict either for the health purposes listed in s. E, or for the administration of health units, or for the operation or administration of Sanitary means of transport. These assignments may be permanent or temporary. The term covers:

(i)

Health personnel, whether military or civilian, of a Party to the conflict, including the one mentioned in the I ^Re And II ^E Conventions, and the one assigned to civil protection agencies;

(ii)

The health personnel of the National Red Cross Societies (Red Cross, Lion-and-Soleil-Rouge) and other national voluntary rescue companies duly recognized and authorized by a Party to the conflict;

(iii)

The health personnel of the medical transport units or means referred to in Art. 9, para. 2;

(d)

"Religious personnel" means persons, whether military or civilian, such as chaplains, who are solely dedicated to their department and attached to:

(i)

The armed forces of a Party to the conflict;

(ii)

The health units or means of transport of a Party to the conflict;

(iii)

The health units or means of transport referred to in s. 9, para. 2;

(iv)

The civil protection bodies of a Party to the conflict; the attachment of religious personnel to such units may be permanent or temporary and the relevant provisions laid down in para. K apply to this staff;

(e)

"Health units" means establishments and other formations, military or civil, organized for health purposes, namely research, evacuation, transport, diagnosis or treatment-including first aid - Injured, sick and shipwrecked, as well as disease prevention. It covers, inter alia, hospitals and other similar units, blood transfusion centres, preventive medicine centres and institutes and health supply centres, as well as health equipment depots and hospitals. Pharmaceutical products of these units. Health units may be fixed or mobile, permanent or temporary;

(f)

The term "health transport" means the transport by land, water or air of the injured, sick and shipwrecked, health and religious personnel and health equipment protected by the Conventions and this Protocol;

(g)

The term "means of transport" means any means of transport, military or civil, permanent or temporary, assigned exclusively to health transport and placed under the direction of a competent authority of a Party to the conflict;

(h)

The term "health vehicle" means any means of transport by land;

(i)

The term "ship and watercraft" means any means of transport by water;

(j)

The term "health aircraft" means any means of transport by air;

(k)

Are "permanent" health workers, health units and means of transport used exclusively for health purposes for an indefinite period of time. "Temporary" health personnel, health units and means of transport used exclusively for health purposes for limited periods of time shall be "temporary" for the duration of such periods. Unless otherwise qualified, the terms "health personnel", "health unit" and "means of transport" shall cover personnel, units or means of transport which may be either permanent or temporary;

1)

The expression "distinctive sign" means the distinctive sign of the red cross, red crescent or lion-and-red sun, on a white background, when used for the protection of health units and means of transport and of health personnel And religious and material;

(m)

The expression "distinctive signal" means any means of signalling intended exclusively for the identification of units and means of transport, provided for in the Chap. III of Annex I to this Protocol.

1. The present Title, whose purpose is to improve the fate of injured, sick and shipwrecked persons, shall apply to all those affected by a situation referred to in Article 1, without any adverse differentiation on the grounds of race, Colour, sex, language, religion or belief, political or other opinions, national or social origin, property, birth or other status or other similar criteria.

2. The relevant provisions of s. 27 and 32 of the I ^Re Convention applies to permanent health units and means of transport (other than hospital vessels, to which art. 25 of the II ^E Convention applies), as well as to their staff, made available to a Party to the conflict for humanitarian purposes:

(a)

By a neutral State or another non-Party State to that conflict;

(b)

By a recognized and authorized relief society of that State;

(c)

An impartial international humanitarian organization.

1. All wounded, sick and shipwrecked, to any Party they belong to, must be respected and protected.

2. They shall in all circumstances be treated humanely and shall receive, as far as possible and within the shortest possible time, the medical care required by their condition. No distinction must be made between them based on criteria other than medical.

(1) The health and physical or mental integrity of persons in power of the adverse party or internment, detained or otherwise deprived of liberty by reason of a situation referred to in article 1 shall not be compromised by any act Or by any unjustified omission. Accordingly, it is prohibited to submit the persons referred to in this Article to a medical act which would not be motivated by their state of health and which would not be in conformity with the generally accepted medical standards that the Party responsible for The act would apply in the same medical circumstances to its own nationals enjoying their liberty.

2. In particular, it is forbidden to practice on these persons, even with their consent:

(a)

Physical mutilation;

(b)

Medical or scientific experiments;

(c)

Tissue or organ removal for transplants,

Unless such acts are justified under the conditions laid down in par. 1.

3. No derogation from the prohibition referred to in subs. 2c that in the case of donations of blood for transfusion or for skin intended for transplantation, provided that such donations are voluntary and do not result from coercive or persuasive measures and are intended for purposes Conditions consistent with generally accepted medical standards and with controls in the interest of both the donor and the recipient.

4. Any wilful act or omission that seriously endangs the health or physical or mental integrity of any person in the power of a Party other than the one on which it depends and which contravens any of the prohibitions set out in subs. 1 and 2, or does not comply with the conditions prescribed in s. 3, constitutes a serious infringement of this Protocol.

5. The persons defined in s. 1 have the right to refuse any surgery. In the case of refusal, the health staff shall endeavour to obtain a written declaration to that effect, signed or recognised by the patient.

6. Any party to the conflict shall keep a medical record for any donation of blood for the purpose of transfusion or skin for transplantation by the persons referred to in subs. 1, if this gift is made under the responsibility of that Party. In addition, any Party to the conflict shall endeavour to keep a record of all medical procedures undertaken in respect of persons detained, detained or otherwise deprived of their liberty due to a situation referred to in Article 1. Such records shall at all times be available to the Protecting Power for inspection.

1. Health units must be respected and protected at all times and must not be attacked.

2. Le par. 1 applies to civil health units provided that they meet one of the following conditions:

(a)

Belong to one of the Parties to the conflict;

(b)

Be recognized and authorized by the competent authority of one of the Parties to the conflict;

(c)

Be authorized in accordance with ss. 9, para. 2 of this Protocol, or 27 of the I ^Re Convention.

3. Parties to the conflict are invited to communicate the location of their fixed health units. The absence of such a notification does not exempt any Party from observing the provisions of s. 1.

4. Under no circumstances shall the health units be used in an attempt to shield military objectives from attack. Wherever possible, Parties to the conflict will ensure that health units are located in such a way that attacks on military targets do not put these health units at risk.

1. The protection due to civil health units can only stop if they are used to commit acts harmful to the enemy outside their humanitarian destination. However, the protection will cease only after a summing warning, where appropriate, a reasonable period of time, will have no effect.

2. Shall not be considered acts harmful to the enemy:

(a)

The fact that the personnel of the unit have individual small arms and light weapons for their own defence or that of the injured and sick with whom they are responsible;

(b)

The fact that the unit is guarded by a picket, sentinel or escort;

(c)

The fact that they are in the unit of the portable weapons and the withdrawn ammunition to the wounded and sick and have not yet been paid to the competent service;

(d)

The fact that members of the armed forces or other combatants are in these units for medical reasons.

1. The occupying Power has a duty to ensure that the medical needs of the civilian population continue to be met in the occupied territories.

2. Consequently, the occupying Power may not requisition civil health units, their equipment, equipment or personnel, as long as such means are necessary to satisfy the medical needs of the civilian population And to ensure continuity of care for the injured and ill already under treatment.

3. The occupying Power may requisition the above mentioned means provided that it continues to observe the general rule established in para. 2 and subject to the following special conditions:

(a)

The means are necessary to ensure immediate and appropriate medical treatment for the wounded and sick of the armed forces of the occupying Power or prisoners of war;

(b)

The requisition does not exceed the period in which the requirement exists; and

(c)

Immediate steps be taken to ensure that the medical needs of the civilian population, as well as those of the injured and ill under treatment affected by the requisition, continue to be met.

1. Civilian health personnel will be respected and protected.

2. In case of need, any possible assistance should be given to civilian health personnel in an area where the civilian health services would be disorganized because of the fighting.

(3) The occupying Power shall provide any assistance to civilian health personnel in the occupied territories in order to enable it to fulfil its humanitarian mission. The occupying Power may not require such personnel to carry out the mission as a matter of priority for the benefit of anyone, except for medical reasons. This staff will not be required to perform tasks incompatible with its humanitarian mission.

4. Civilian health personnel shall be able to travel to the places where their services are essential, subject to the control and security measures that the Party to the conflict concerned considers necessary.

5. Civilian religious personnel will be respected and protected. The provisions of the Conventions and this Protocol relating to the protection and identification of health personnel shall apply to it.

(1) No person shall be punished for having carried out an activity, of a medical character in accordance with ethics, regardless of the circumstances or beneficiaries of that activity.

2. A person engaged in a medical activity shall not be obliged to carry out acts or perform work which is contrary to the ethics or other medical rules which protect the injured and the sick, or Provisions of the Conventions or this Protocol, or refrain from carrying out acts required by those rules and provisions.

3. No person engaged in a medical activity shall be compelled to give to any person belonging to an adverse party or to the same Party, except in the cases provided for by the law of that Party, information concerning the Injured and sick that she or she has treated, if she considers such information to be prejudicial to them or their families. The regulations governing the compulsory notification of communicable diseases must, however, be respected.

1. The civilian population must respect the injured, sick and shipwrecked, even if they belong to the adverse party, and do not engage in any acts of violence against them. The civilian population and the relief societies, such as the national Red Cross societies (Red Cross, Lion-and-Soleil-Rouge), will be allowed, even in the invaded or occupied areas, to collect those wounded, sick and shipwrecked And provide them with care, even on their own initiative. No one will be concerned, prosecuted, convicted or punished for such humanitarian acts.

2. The Parties to the conflict shall be entitled to appeal to the civilian population and the relief societies referred to in subs. 1 to collect the wounded, sick and shipwrecked and to provide them with care, as well as to look for the dead and to account for the place where they are located; they shall grant the necessary protection and facilities to those who have replied To this call. In the event that the adverse party comes to take or resume control of the region, it will maintain such protection and facilities for as long as necessary.

Each party to the conflict must endeavour to ensure that health and religious personnel, as well as medical units and means of transport, can be identified.

2. Each Party to the conflict shall also endeavour to adopt and implement methods and procedures to identify the units and means of transport that use the distinctive sign and distinctive signs.

3. In the occupied territories and in areas where fighting is taking place or appears to be taking place, civilian health personnel and civilian religious personnel will generally be recognized by means of a distinctive sign and a map Of their status.

4. With the consent of the competent authority, the medical units and means of transport shall be marked with the distinguishing sign. Ships and boats referred to in s. 22 of this Protocol shall be marked in accordance with the provisions of II ^E Convention.

5. In addition to the distinctive sign, a Party to the conflict may, in accordance with the Chap. III of Annex I to this Protocol, authorize the use of distinctive signals to enable the identification of units and means of transport. Exceptionally, in the specific cases provided for in the Chapter, health means of transport may use distinctive signs without the use of the distinctive sign.

6. The implementation of the provisions laid down in s. 1 to 5 is governed by the Chap. I to III of Annex 1 to this Protocol. The signs described in Chapter III of this Annex and intended exclusively for the use of health units and means of transport may not be used, except for the exceptions provided for in the Chapter, for the purpose of identifying the units and Sanitary means of transport.

7. The provisions of this Article shall not extend the use, in peacetime, of the distinctive sign beyond what is provided for in Art. 44 of the I ^Re Convention.

8. The provisions of the Conventions and of this Protocol relating to the control of the use of the distinctive sign and to the prevention and suppression of its misuse shall apply to distinctive signs.

Neutral States and other States which are not Parties to the conflict shall apply the relevant provisions of this Protocol to persons protected by this Title who may be received or interned on their territory, as well as The deaths of the Parties to this conflict which they will be able to collect.

Reprisals against persons and property protected by this Title are prohibited.

Health vehicles shall be respected and protected in the manner provided for in the Conventions and this Protocol for mobile health units.

1. The provisions of the Conventions

(a)

Ships described in s. 22, 24, 25 and 27 of II ^E Convention,

(b)

Their lifeboats and boats,

(c)

Their staff and crew;

(d)

The injured, the sick and the shipwrecked on board,

Also apply when such ships, boats or boats carry injured, sick and shipwrecked civilians who do not belong to any of the categories referred to in s. 13 of the II ^E Convention. However, these civilians must not be handed over to a Party that is not their own or captured at sea. If they are in the power of a party to the conflict that is not theirs, the IV ^E The Convention and this Protocol shall apply to them.

2. The protection afforded by the Conventions for ships described in Art. 25 of the II ^E Convention extends to hospital ships made available to a Party to the conflict for humanitarian purposes:

(a)

By a neutral State or another State not a Party to that conflict, or

(b)

An impartial international humanitarian organization, subject in both cases to the fulfilment of the conditions set out in that article.

3. The craft described in s. 27 of the II ^E The Convention will be protected even if the notification envisaged in this article has not been made. The Parties to the conflict are, however, invited to inform each other of any element relating to these vessels which will enable them to be identified and recognised more easily.

1. Sanitary vessels and vessels other than those referred to in s. 22 of this Protocol and in Art. 38 of II ^E Convention must, whether at sea or in other waters, be respected and protected in the manner envisaged for mobile health units by the Conventions and this Protocol. The protection of these vessels can only be effective if they can be identified and recognised as ships or vessels, they should be marked with the distinctive sign and comply, as far as possible, with the provisions Of Art. 43, para. 2, of II ^E Convention.

2. Ships and boats referred to in subs. 1 remain subject to the law of war. The order to stop, move away or take a determined route may be given to them by any surface warship that is in a position to enforce this order immediately and must obey any order of this nature. They cannot be diverted from their medical mission in another way as long as they are needed for the injured, the sick and the shipwrecked on their side.

3. Protection under s. 1 will cease only under the conditions set out in ss. 34 and 35 of II ^E Convention. A net refusal to obey an order in accordance with s. 2 is an act harmful to the enemy within the meaning of s. 34 of II ^E Convention.

4. A Party to the conflict may notify an adverse party, as soon as

Possible prior to departure, the name, characteristics, expected departure time, route and estimated speed of the ship or health boat, in particular vessels over 2000 gross tons, and may communicate all Other information that would facilitate identification and recognition. The adverse party must acknowledge receipt of this information.

5. The provisions of s. 37 of II ^E Convention applies to health and religious personnel on board such vessels and vessels.

6. The relevant provisions of II ^E Convention shall apply to the injured, sick and shipwrecked persons belonging to the categories referred to in Art. 13 of the II ^E Convention and Art. 44 of this Protocol which are on board such ships and sanitary vessels. Injured, sick and shipwrecked civilians who do not belong to any of the categories referred to in s. 13 of the II ^E Convention, if they are at sea, must not be given to a Party which is neither by their own nor be obliged to leave the ship; if, nevertheless, they are in the power of a Party to the conflict which is not their own, the Party shall ^E The Convention and this Protocol shall apply to them.

Medical aircraft shall be respected and protected in accordance with the provisions of this Title.

In land areas dominated by friendly forces or in maritime areas which are not in fact dominated by an adverse party, and in their airspace, the respect and protection of the health aircraft of a Party to the conflict shall not Does not depend on an agreement with the adverse party. A Party to the conflict which thus uses its health aircraft in these areas may, however, in order to enhance their safety, give the adverse party the notifications provided for in Art. 29, in particular when these aircraft conduct flights that bring them within reach of the opposing Party's ground-to-air weapons systems.

1. In the parts of the contact zone dominated by friendly forces, as well as in areas where in fact no forces clearly dominate, and in the corresponding airspace, the protection of health aircraft cannot be fully If a prior agreement has been reached between the competent military authorities of the Parties to the conflict as provided for in Art. 29. In the absence of such an agreement, health aircraft operate at their own risk; however, health aircraft will have to be respected once they have been recognised as such.

2. The term "contact zone" means any land area where the advanced elements of the opposing forces are in contact with each other, particularly where they are exposed to direct fire from the ground.

1. The health aircraft of a Party to the conflict shall remain protected as they fly over land or sea areas dominated by an adverse party, provided that they have previously obtained the agreement of the authority for such flights Competent of this adverse party.

2. A health aircraft flying over an area dominated by an adverse party, in the absence of the agreement provided for in subs. 1 or in breach of such an agreement, as a result of an error in navigation or an emergency affecting the safety of the flight, shall do its utmost to be identified and to inform the adverse party thereof. As soon as the adverse party has recognized such a health aircraft, it shall make every reasonable effort to give the order to land or to make a loss under s. 30, para. 1, or to take other measures to safeguard the interests of that Party and to give the aircraft in both cases the time to comply, before resorting to an attack.

1. Parties to the conflict shall not use their medical aircraft in an attempt to gain military advantage over an adverse party. The presence of medical aircraft should not be used in an attempt to shield military objectives from attack.

2. Sanitary aircraft shall not be used for the search or transmission of military information and shall not carry any material intended for such purposes. They are prohibited from transporting persons or a load not included in the definition given in s. 8, para. F. The carriage on board of the personal effects of the occupants or of equipment exclusively intended to facilitate navigation, communications or identification shall not be considered prohibited.

3. Sanitary aircraft shall not carry any weapons other than bearing weapons and ammunition that would have been removed to the injured, sick or shipwrecked persons on board and which have not yet been paid to the competent service, and The individual small arms and light weapons necessary to enable the health personnel on board to defend themselves and those of the injured, sick and shipwrecked.

4. In performing the flights referred to in s. 26 and 27, sanitary aircraft shall not be used, unless prior agreement with the adverse party, for the search of the injured, sick and shipwrecked.

1. Notifications under Art. 25 or applications for prior agreement under s. 26, 27, 28, para. 4, and 31 shall indicate the expected number of medical aircraft, their flight plans and their means of identification; they shall be interpreted to mean that each flight shall be conducted in accordance with the provisions of s. 28.

(2) A Party that receives a notification under s. 25 must acknowledge receipt without delay.

3. The Party receiving a request for prior agreement in accordance with s. 26, 27 or 31, or s. 28, para. 4, shall notify the requesting Party as promptly as possible:

(a)

The acceptance of the application;

(b)

The rejection of the application;

(c)

A reasonable proposal to amend the application. It may also propose to prohibit or restrict other flights in the area during the reporting period. If the Party submitting the request accepts the counterproposals, it shall notify the other Party of its agreement.

4. The Parties shall take the necessary measures to ensure that such notifications can be made and concluded expeditiously.

5. The Parties shall also take the necessary measures to ensure that the relevant content of such notifications and agreements is promptly disseminated to the military units concerned and that they are promptly investigated by means of identification Used by the health aircraft in question.

1. Sanitary aircraft flying over areas dominated by the adverse Party, or areas that are in fact no force clearly dominate, may be required to land or amerrir, as the case may be, to allow for the inspection provided for in paragraphs Following. Sanitary aircraft shall obey any such summons.

2. If a health aircraft lands or smiles upon warning or for other reasons, it may be subject to inspection only to verify the points referred to in subs. 3 and 4. The inspection shall be undertaken promptly and promptly. The Party conducting the inspection shall not require that the injured and sick be deplaned from the aircraft, unless such disembarkation is necessary for inspection. In any event, it must ensure that this inspection or landing does not aggravate the condition of the injured and the sick.

3. If the inspection reveals that the aircraft:

(a)

Is a medical aircraft within the meaning of s. 8, para.

(b)

Does not contravene the conditions prescribed by s. 28, and

(c)

Has not undertaken its flight in the absence or in breach of a prior agreement, where such an agreement is required,

The aircraft with those of its occupants belonging either to an adverse party or to a neutral state or to another non-State Party to the conflict will be allowed to continue its flight without delay.

4. If the inspection reveals that the aircraft:

(a)

Is not a medical aircraft within the meaning of s. 8, para.

(b)

Contravens the prescribed conditions of s. 28, or

(c)

Commenced its flight in the absence or in violation of a prior agreement, where such an agreement is required,

The aircraft may be seized. Its occupants shall all be treated in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Conventions and this Protocol. In the event that the seized aircraft was assigned as a permanent medical aircraft, it can only be used as a medical aircraft at a later date.

1. Sanitary aircraft shall not fly over the territory of a neutral State or another non-Party to the conflict or land or amerrir, except by virtue of a prior agreement. However, if such an agreement exists, these aircraft will have to be respected for the duration of their flight and during any stopovers. They shall, however, obey any summons to land or amerrir, as the case may be.

2. A health aircraft which, in the absence of an agreement or in contravention of the provisions of an agreement, flies over the territory of a neutral State or another non-Party to the conflict, either by mistake of navigation or by reason of a situation Security of the flight, must make every effort to notify the flight and to be identified. As soon as that State has recognized such a health aircraft, it shall make every reasonable effort to give the order to land or to amerrir, as referred to in Art. 30, para. 1, or to take other measures to safeguard the interests of that State and to give the aircraft in both cases the time to comply, before resorting to an attack.

3. If a health aircraft, in accordance with an agreement or under the conditions indicated in par. 2, landing or amerrit in the territory of a neutral state or another non-Party to the conflict, on warning or for other reasons, the aircraft may be subject to an inspection to determine whether it is a medical aircraft. The inspection shall be undertaken promptly and promptly. The Party conducting the inspection shall not require that the injured and sick who depend on the Party using the aircraft are deplaned from the aircraft, unless such disembarkation is essential to the inspection. In any event, it will ensure that this inspection or landing does not aggravate the condition of the injured and the sick. If the inspection reveals that it is indeed a health aircraft, this aircraft with its occupants, except for those who are to be kept under the rules of international law applicable in armed conflicts, will be permitted to Continue its flight and will benefit from the appropriate facilities. If the inspection reveals that this aircraft is not a medical aircraft, the aircraft will be seized and its occupants will be treated in accordance with the provisions of s. 4.

4. Except for those who are temporarily disembarked, the injured, sick and shipwrecked from a health aircraft with the consent of the local authority in the territory of a neutral state or another State not Party to the Shall be, unless there is a different arrangement between that State and the Parties to the conflict, held by that State where the rules of international law applicable in armed conflicts so require, so that they may not take part again To hostilities. The costs of hospitalization and internment are the responsibility of the State of which these persons depend.

5. Neutral states or other non-Parties to the conflict shall apply equally to all Parties to the conflict the possible conditions and restrictions relating to the overflight of their territory by health aircraft or by Landing of these aircraft.

In the application of this Section, the activity of the High Contracting Parties, the Parties to the conflict and the international humanitarian organizations referred to in the Conventions and in this Protocol is primarily motivated by The right of families to know the fate of their members.

1. As soon as circumstances permit and at the latest upon the end of active hostilities, each Party to the conflict shall seek out those persons whose disappearance has been reported by an adverse party. The adverse party shall provide all relevant information on such persons in order to facilitate the search.

2. In order to facilitate the collection of the information provided for in the preceding paragraph, each Party to the conflict shall, in respect of persons who would not benefit from a more favourable regime under the Conventions or this Protocol:

(a)

Record the prescribed information in s. 138 of the IV ^E Convention on those persons who have been detained, imprisoned or in a manner held in captivity for more than two weeks as a result of hostilities or occupation, or who have died during a period of detention;

(b)

To the extent possible, facilitate and, where necessary, conduct research and the recording of information about such persons if they have died in other circumstances as a result of hostilities or occupation.

3. Information on persons whose disappearance has been reported under s. 1 and the requests for such information are transmitted either directly or through the Protecting Power, the Central Research Agency of the International Committee of the Red Cross, or National Societies of the Red Cross (Red Cross, Lion-et-Soleil-Rouge). Where such information is not transmitted through the International Committee of the Red Cross and its Central Research Agency, each Party to the conflict shall ensure that such information is also provided to the Central Research Agency.

4. The Parties to the conflict shall endeavour to agree on provisions allowing teams to search for, identify and identify deaths in the areas of the battlefields; these provisions may provide, where appropriate, that such Teams are accompanied by personnel from the adverse party when they complete their mission in the areas under the control of this adverse party. The staff of these teams must be respected and protected when dedicated exclusively to such missions.

1. The remains of persons who have died for reasons related to occupation or detention resulting from occupation or hostilities, and those of persons who were not nationals of the country in which they died in Must be respected, and the graves of all such persons must be respected, maintained and marked as provided for in s. 130 of the IV ^E Convention, provided that such remains or burials do not fall under a more favourable regime under the Conventions and this Protocol.

2. As soon as the circumstances and relations between the opposing Parties permit, the High Contracting Parties on the territory of which the graves are located and, where appropriate, other places where the remains of persons are located Of a person who died as a result of hostilities, during an occupation or in detention, must conclude agreements in sight:

(a)

To facilitate the access of burials to members of the families of deceased persons and to representatives of the official registration services of tombs, and to establish practical arrangements for such access;

(b)

Ensure the continued protection and maintenance of these burials;

(c)

To facilitate the return of the remains of deceased persons and their personal effects in the country of origin, at the request of that country or at the request of the family, unless the country opposes it.

3. In the absence of the agreements provided for in par. 2, b or c, and if the country of origin of these deceased persons is not prepared to maintain these burials at its own expense, the High Contracting Party on whose territory these burials are located may offer to facilitate the return Remains in the country of origin. If this offer has not been accepted five years after having been made, the High Contracting Party may, after having duly notified the country of origin, may apply the provisions of its legislation with regard to cemeteries and Burials.

4. The High Contracting Party on the territory of which the burials referred to in this Article are located shall be permitted to exhume the remains only:

(a)

Under the conditions defined in s. 2 c and 3, or

(b)

Where exhumation is required for reasons of public interest, including in cases of health need and investigation, in which case the High Contracting Party shall, at all times, treat the remains of the deceased with respect and notify the The country of origin of its intention to exhume it, giving details of the place for the new interment.

1. In any armed conflict, the right of the parties to the conflict to choose methods or means of warfare is not unlimited.

2. It is prohibited to use weapons, projectiles and materials, as well as methods of war, to cause superfluous injury.

3. It is prohibited to use methods or means of warfare that are designed to cause, or can be expected to cause, extensive, long-lasting and severe damage to the natural environment.

In the study, the development, acquisition or adoption of a new weapon, new means or a new method of warfare, a High Contracting Party has an obligation to determine whether employment would be prohibited in certain Under any circumstances, by the provisions of this Protocol or by any other rule of international law applicable to that High Contracting Party.

1. No person shall kill, injure or capture an opponent by using perfidy. It is a perfidious act, with the intention of deceiving it, to the good faith of an opponent to make him believe that he has the right to receive or the obligation to grant protection under the rules of international law Applicable in armed conflicts. Examples of perfidy are the following:

(a)

Feign intent to negotiate under the cover of the parliamentary flag, or feign surrender;

(b)

Feign disability due to injury or illness;

(c)

Feign to be a civilian or non-combatant;

(d)

Feign to have a protected status by using signs, emblems or uniforms of the United Nations, neutral states or other non-Parties to the conflict.

2. Ruses of war are not prohibited. Acts that are intended to mislead or engage an adversary in error, but which do not contravene any applicable international law in armed conflict and which do not Appeal to the adversary's good faith in respect of the protection provided for by that right shall not be perfides. The following are examples of war tricks: the use of camouflage, decoys, simulated operations, and false information.

1. The use of the distinctive sign of the red cross, red crescent or lion-and-sun-red or other emblems, signs or signals provided for in the Conventions or by this Protocol shall be prohibited. It is also prohibited to make deliberate misuse, in an armed conflict, of other internationally recognized emblems, signs or protectors, including the parliamentary flag, and the protective emblem of cultural property.

(2) No person shall use the distinctive emblem of the United Nations other than in cases where the use of the emblem is authorized by that Organization.

(1) No person shall use, in an armed conflict, flags or flags, symbols, insignia or military uniforms of neutral States or other States not Parties to the conflict.

2. It is prohibited to use military flags or flags, symbols, insignia or military uniforms during attacks or to conceal, promote, protect or interfere with military operations.

3. None of the provisions of this section or of s. 37, para. 1 d, does not affect the generally accepted rules of international law applicable to espionage or the use of flags in the conduct of armed conflicts on the sea.

It is forbidden to order that there are no survivors, to threaten the opponent or to conduct hostilities in accordance with that decision.

1. No person recognized, or to be recognized, having regard to the circumstances, as hors de combat, shall be the object of an attack.

2. Every person is hors de combat:

(a)

Who is in the power of an adverse party,

(b)

Clearly expresses its intention to surrender, or

(c)

Who has lost consciousness or is otherwise unable to defend himself, due to injury or illness;

Provided that, in all cases, it refrains from any act of hostility and does not attempt to escape.

3. Where persons entitled to the protection of prisoners of war have fallen to the power of an adverse party under unusual conditions of combat that prevent them from being evacuated as provided for in Title III, Section I, III ^E Convention, they must be released and all necessary precautions must be taken to ensure their safety.

1. No person parachuting from an aircraft in perdition shall be attacked during the descent.

2. In touching the ground in a territory controlled by an adverse party, the person who has parachuted from an aircraft in perdition must be given the opportunity to surrender before being attacked, unless it is obvious that it Engages in an act of hostility.

3. Airborne troops are not protected under this section.

1. The armed forces of a Party to a conflict shall consist of all forces, groups and armed and organised units placed under a command responsible for the conduct of its subordinates before that Party, even if It is represented by a government or an authority not recognized by an adverse party. These armed forces must be subject to a system of internal discipline which ensures, inter alia, respect for the rules of international law applicable in armed conflicts.

2. Members of the armed forces of a Party to a conflict (other than health and religious personnel referred to in s. 33 of III ^E Convention) are combatants, that is, have the right to participate directly in hostilities.

(3) The Party to a conflict which incorporates, in its armed forces, a paramilitary organization or an armed service responsible for enforcing order, shall notify the other Parties to the conflict.

1. Every combatant within the meaning of s. 43, which falls to the power of an adverse party is a prisoner of war.

While all combatants are required to respect the rules of international law applicable to armed conflict, violations of these rules do not deprive a combatant of his right to be considered a combatant or, if he falls to the Being an adverse party, of his or her right to be considered a prisoner of war, except in the cases provided for in s. 3 and 4.

3. In order for the protection of the civilian population against the effects of hostilities to be enhanced, combatants are required to distinguish themselves from the civilian population when they take part in an attack or on a preparatory military operation of a Attack. Given, however, that there are situations in armed conflicts where, because of the nature of hostilities, an armed combatant cannot distinguish himself from the civilian population, he retains his status as a combatant provided that, in such cases Situations, he carries his weapons openly:

(a)

During each military engagement; and

(b)

During the time he is exposed to the opponent's sight while taking part in a military deployment that precede the launch of an attack to which he must participate. Acts which satisfy the conditions laid down in this paragraph shall not be regarded as perfides within the meaning of Art. 37, para. 1 c.

4. Any combatant who falls to the power of an adverse party, when he or she does not meet the conditions set out in the second sentence of s. 3, loses its right to be considered as a prisoner of war, but nevertheless enjoys equivalent protection in all respects to those granted to prisoners of war by the Ille Convention and by this Protocol. This protection includes protections equivalent to those granted to prisoners of war by the Ill ^E Convention in the event that such a person is tried and convicted for any offence committed.

5. A combatant who falls to the power of an adverse party while he or she does not participate in an attack or military operation in preparation for an attack does not lose the right to be considered as a combatant due to his past activities And Prisoner of War.

6. This section does not deprive anyone of the right to be considered as a prisoner of war under s. 4 Ill ^E Convention.

7. The purpose of this article is not to change the generally accepted practice of States concerning the wearing of uniform by combatants assigned to regular armed units in uniform of a party to the conflict.

8. In addition to the classes of persons referred to in s. 13 of the I ^Re And II ^E Conventions, all members of the armed forces of a Party to the conflict, as defined in Art. 43 of this Protocol, are entitled to the protection afforded by the said Conventions if they are injured or ill, or in the case of II ^E Convention, if they are shipwrecked at sea or in other waters.

1. A person who takes part in hostilities and falls to the power of an adverse party is presumed to be a prisoner of war and therefore is protected by the Ille Convention when claiming the status of prisoner of war, or Appears to be entitled to the status of prisoner of war, or where the Party for which it depends claims this status by means of a notification to the holding power or the Protecting Power. If there is any doubt about his right to prisoner of war status, that person shall continue to enjoy such status and, as a result, the protection of the Ille Convention and this Protocol, pending the status of that person Determined by a court of competent jurisdiction.

2. If a person who has fallen to the power of an adverse party is not detained as a prisoner of war and must be tried by that Party for an offence related to hostilities, he shall be entitled to assert his right to prisoner of war status. War before a court of law and to have this issue resolved. Whenever the applicable procedure permits, the matter must be decided before it is decided on the infringement. The representatives of the Protecting Power shall have the right to attend the debates in which this question is to be decided, except in the exceptional case where such debates are held in camera in the interest of the security of the State. In such a case, the Detaining Power shall notify the Protecting Power.

3. Any person who, having taken part in hostilities, is not entitled to prisoner of war status and does not receive more favourable treatment in accordance with the IV ^E The Convention is entitled, at all times, to the protection of art. 75 of this Protocol. In the occupied territory, such a person, unless it is held for espionage, also benefits, notwithstanding the provisions of art. 5 of the IV ^E Convention, the rights of communication provided for by the said Convention.

Notwithstanding any other provision of the Conventions or this Protocol, a member of the armed forces of a Party to the conflict that falls to the power of an adverse party while engaged in espionage activities is not entitled to the status of Prisoner of war and may be treated as a spy.

(2) A member of the armed forces of a Party to the conflict who collects or seeks to collect, on behalf of that Party, information in a territory controlled by an adverse party shall not be considered to be engaged in activities Of espionage if, in so doing, it is dressed in the uniform of its armed forces.

3. A member of the armed forces of a Party to the conflict who is a resident of a territory occupied by an adverse party, and who collects or seeks to collect, on behalf of the Party on which it depends, information of military interest in that Party Territory, will not be considered to be engaged in espionage activities, unless, in so doing, it acts under false pretexts or in a deliberately clandestine manner. In addition, the resident does not lose his right to prisoner of war status and can only be treated as a spy if he is captured while engaged in espionage activities.

4. A member of the armed forces of a Party to the conflict who is not a resident of a territory occupied by an adverse party and who has engaged in espionage activities in that territory shall not lose his right to prisoner of war status and shall not Be treated as a spy only if he is captured before joining the armed forces to which he belongs.

1. A mercenary is not entitled to the status of war prisoner or prisoner of war.

2. The term "mercenary" means any person:

(a)

Who is specifically recruited in the country or abroad to fight in armed conflict;

(b)

Which in fact takes a direct part of the hostilities;

(c)

Which takes part in hostilities essentially for the purpose of obtaining a personal benefit and to which is effectively promised, by a party to or on behalf of a party to the conflict, material remuneration substantially higher than that which is promised or paid to Combatants with a similar rank and function in the armed forces of that Party;

(d)

Who is neither a national of a Party to the conflict nor a resident of the territory controlled by a Party to the conflict;

(e)

Who is not a member of the armed forces of a Party to the conflict; and

(f)

Which has not been sent by a State other than a Party to the conflict on official mission as a member of the armed forces of that State.

The provisions of this Section shall apply to the civilian population within the meaning of this Protocol and shall complement the art. 23, 55, 59, 60, 61 and 62 and other relevant provisions of the IA ^E Convention.

1. In addition to the obligations listed in s. 55 of the IV ^E Convention on the Supply of Food and Drugs, the occupying Power will also ensure, to the full extent of its means and without any adverse differentiation, the provision of clothing, sleeping equipment, Emergency housing, other supplies essential to the survival of the civilian population of the occupied territory and the objects necessary for worship.

2. Relief actions in favour of the civilian population of the occupied territory shall be governed by art. 59, 60, 61, 62, 108, 109, 110 and 111 of IV ^E Convention, as well as by Art. 71 of this Protocol, and shall be carried out ' without delay.

1. Where the civilian population of a territory under the control of a Party to the conflict, other than an occupied territory, is insufficiently supplied with the equipment and foodstuffs referred to in art. 69, relief measures of a humanitarian and impartial nature and conducted without any distinction of adverse nature shall be undertaken, subject to the approval of the Parties concerned by these relief measures. Emergency offers meeting the above conditions will not be considered as interference in the armed conflict, nor as hostile acts. When distributing these relief items, priority will be given to persons such as children, pregnant or lactating women and nursing mothers, according to the IV ^E Convention or this Protocol, preferential treatment or special protection.

2. The Parties to the Conflict and each High Contracting Party shall authorize and facilitate the expeditious and unhindered passage of all consignments, equipment and emergency personnel provided in accordance with the requirements of this Section, Even if this assistance is intended for the civilian population of the adverse party.

3. The Parties to the Conflict and each High Contracting Party authorizing the passage of relief, equipment and personnel, in accordance with par. 2:

(a)

Have the right to prescribe technical regulations, including checks, to which such a passage is subordinate;

(b)

May make their authorization subject to the condition that the distribution of the assistance is carried out under the control of a Protecting Power;

(c)

Shall not in any way divert the relief consignments from their destination or delay the shipment, except in cases of urgent necessity, in the interest of the civilian population concerned.

4. The Parties to the conflict will ensure the protection of relief consignments and facilitate their rapid distribution.

5. The Parties to the conflict and each High Contracting Party concerned shall encourage and facilitate effective international coordination of the relief actions referred to in para. 1.

1. In the event of the need for assistance in an emergency action may include emergency personnel, in particular for the transport and distribution of relief consignments; the participation of such personnel shall be subject to the approval of the Party on The territory in which it will carry on business.

2. This staff will be respected and protected.

3. Each Party receiving relief consignments shall, as far as possible, assist the personnel referred to in s. 1 in the performance of its relief mission. The activities of such relief personnel may be limited and their movements temporarily restricted only in cases of imperative military necessity.

4. Under no circumstances shall emergency personnel exceed the limits of its mission under this Protocol. In particular, it shall take into account the security requirements of the Party in the territory of which it carries out its functions. The mission of any emergency staff member who fails to comply with these conditions may be terminated.

1. The High Contracting Parties and the Parties to the conflict shall without delay take all necessary measures to fulfil their obligations under the Conventions and this Protocol.

2. The High Contracting Parties and the Parties to the conflict shall give orders and instructions to ensure compliance with and monitor the implementation of the Conventions and this Protocol.

1. The Parties to the conflict shall grant to the International Committee of the Red Cross all facilities in their power to enable it to carry out the humanitarian tasks assigned to it by the Conventions and this Protocol in order to ensure Protection and assistance to victims of conflict; the International Committee of the Red Cross may also carry out any other humanitarian activities in favour of such victims, with the consent of the parties to the conflict.

2. The Parties to the conflict shall accord to their respective organizations of the Red Cross (Red Cross, Lion-and-Soleil-Red) the facilities necessary for the exercise of their humanitarian activities in favour of the victims of the conflict, in accordance with Provisions of the Conventions and this Protocol and the basic principles of the Red Cross formulated by the International Conferences of the Red Cross.

3. The High Contracting Parties and the Parties to the conflict shall facilitate, as far as possible, the assistance of Red Cross organizations (Red Crescent, Lion-and-Soleil-Rouge) and the League of Red Cross Societies to the Victims of conflicts in accordance with the provisions of the Conventions and this Protocol and the basic principles of the Red Cross formulated by the International Conferences of the Red Cross.

4. The High Contracting Parties and the Parties to the conflict shall grant, as far as possible, facilities similar to those mentioned in s. 2 and 3 to other humanitarian organizations covered by the Conventions and this Protocol, which are duly authorized by the Parties to the conflict concerned and who carry out their humanitarian activities in accordance with the provisions of the Conventions And this Protocol.

The High Contracting Parties at all times, and the Parties to the conflict in armed conflict, shall ensure that legal advisers are available, where appropriate, to advise military commanders at the level In respect of the application of the Conventions and this Protocol and the appropriate education to be provided to the armed forces on this subject.

1. The High Contracting Parties undertake to disseminate as widely as possible, in times of peace as in times of armed conflict, the Conventions and this Protocol in their respective countries and, in particular, to incorporate the study into the Military training programmes and to encourage the study by the civilian population, in such a way that these instruments are known to the armed forces and the civilian population.

2. Military or civilian authorities which, in times of armed conflict, assume responsibilities in the application of the Conventions and this Protocol shall have full knowledge of the text of those instruments.

The High Contracting Parties shall communicate as soon as possible through the depositary and, where appropriate, through the Protecting Powers, their official translations of this Protocol, and the laws and Regulations that they may be amended to adopt to ensure their application.

1. The provisions of the Conventions relating to the suppression of serious offences and offences, as supplemented by this Section, apply to the suppression of offences and serious offences under this Protocol.

2. Acts classified as serious offences in the Conventions constitute serious offences under this Protocol if they are committed against persons in power of an adverse party protected by s. 44, 45 and 73 of this Protocol, or against injured, sick or shipwrecked persons of the adverse party protected by this Protocol, or against health or religious personnel, health units or means of transport that Under the control of the adverse party and protected by this Protocol.

3. In addition to serious offences defined in s. 11, the following acts, when committed intentionally, in violation of the relevant provisions of this Protocol, and that result in death or serious injury to physical or health integrity, shall be considered to be Serious infringements of this Protocol:

(a)

Submitting the civilian population or civilian population to an attack;

(b)

Launching an attack without discrimination reaching the civilian population or civilian property, knowing that this attack will result in loss of life, injuries to civilians or damage to civilian property, which Are excessive within the meaning of s. 57, para. 2 a iii,

(c)

Launching an attack on works or installations containing dangerous forces, knowing that this attack will result in loss of life, injuries to civilians or damage to civilian property, which are Excessive within the meaning of s. 57, para. 2 a iii;

(d)

Submit to an attack on non-defended localities and demilitarized zones;

(e)

Submitting a person to an attack by knowing it out of combat;

(f)

Use perfidement in violation of s. 37, the distinctive sign of the red cross, red crescent or lion-and-red sun or other protective signs recognized by the Conventions or this Protocol.

4. In addition to the serious offences defined in the preceding paragraphs and in the Conventions, the following acts shall be regarded as serious breaches of the Protocol when committed intentionally and in violation of the Conventions or the Protocol:

(a)

The transfer by the occupying Power of a Party of its civilian population to the territory it occupies, or the deportation or transfer within or outside the occupied territory of all or part of the population of that territory, In violation of s. 49 of the IV ^E Convention;

(b)

Any undue delay in the repatriation of prisoners of war or civilians;

(c)

The practices of Apartheid And other inhuman and degrading practices, based on racial discrimination, which give rise to outrages of personal dignity;

(d)

Directing attacks against historic monuments, works of art or clearly recognized places of worship which constitute the cultural or spiritual heritage of peoples and to which special protection has been granted under a A particular arrangement, for example within the framework of a competent international organisation, thereby causing their destruction on a large scale, when there is no evidence of a violation by the adverse party of art. 53, para. b, and that the historical monuments, works of art and places of worship in question are not in close proximity to military objectives;

(e)

To deprive a person protected by the Conventions or referred to in s. 2 of this article of his right to be judged regularly and impartially.

5. Subject to the application of the Conventions and this Protocol, serious infringements of these instruments shall be regarded as war crimes.

1. The High Contracting Parties and the Parties to the conflict shall suppress serious offences and take the necessary measures to stop all other offences against the Conventions or this Protocol resulting from an omission Contrary to a duty to act.

2. The fact that an offence under the Conventions or this Protocol has been committed by a subordinate does not absolate his superiors of their criminal or disciplinary responsibility, as the case may be, if they knew or had information enabling them To conclude, in the circumstances of the time, that such a subordinate would commit or would commit such an offence, and if they have not taken all possible measures in their power to prevent or suppress this offence.

1. The High Contracting Parties and the Parties to the conflict shall instruct the military commanders, with regard to members of the armed forces under their command and the other persons under their authority, to prevent Committed to the offences of the Conventions and the present Protocol and, if necessary, to punish them and report them to the competent authorities.

2. In order to prevent and suppress offences, the High Contracting Parties and the Parties to the conflict shall require commanders, depending on their level of responsibility, to ensure that members of the armed forces Under their command shall be aware of their obligations under the Conventions and this Protocol.

3. The High Contracting Parties and the Parties to the conflict shall require any commander who has learned that subordinates or other persons under his authority will commit or have committed an offence under the Conventions or this Protocol Implement the measures necessary to prevent such violations of the Conventions or this Protocol and, where appropriate, take the initiative of disciplinary or criminal action against the perpetrators of the violations.

1. The High Contracting Parties shall afford the widest measure of mutual legal assistance in any proceedings relating to grave breaches of the Conventions or this Protocol.

2. Subject to the rights and obligations established by the Conventions and by Art. 85, para. 1, of this Protocol, and where the circumstances permit, the High Contracting Parties shall cooperate in the field of extradition. They shall give due consideration to the request of the State in whose territory the alleged infringement occurred.

(3) In all cases, the applicable law is that of the required High Contracting Party. However, the provisions of the preceding paragraphs shall not affect the obligations arising from the provisions of any other bilateral or multilateral treaty which governs or will govern in whole or in part the field of mutual legal assistance in Criminal matters.

In cases of serious violations of the Conventions or this Protocol, the High Contracting Parties undertake to act jointly and separately in cooperation with the United Nations and in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations United.

1.

(a) An International Fact-Finding Commission shall be established, hereinafter referred to as " the Commission, composed of fifteen members of high moral character and of a recognized impartiality.

(b)

When at least twenty High Contracting Parties agree to accept the competence of the Commission in accordance with para. 2, and thereafter at five-year intervals, the depositary shall convene a meeting of the representatives of these High Contracting Parties, with a view to electing the members of the Commission. At that meeting, the members of the Commission shall be elected by secret ballot on a list of persons for the establishment of which each of these High Contracting Parties may propose a name.

(c)

The members of the Commission shall serve in their personal capacity and exercise their mandate until the election of the new members at the next meeting.

(d)

At the time of the election, the High Contracting Parties shall ensure that each of the persons to be elected to the Commission has the necessary qualifications and shall ensure that equitable geographical representation is ensured throughout the Commission.

(e)

In the event that a seat becomes vacant, the Commission will provide it with due regard to the provisions of the preceding paragraphs.

(f)

The depositary shall make available to the Commission the administrative services necessary for the performance of its functions.

2.

(a) The High Contracting Parties may at the time of signature, ratification or accession to the Protocol, or later at any other time, declare full right and without special agreement in respect of any other High Contracting Party A Contracting Party which accepts the same obligation, the competence of the Commission to inquire into the allegations of such other Party, as permitted by this Article.

(b)

The declarations referred to above shall be given to the depositary, who shall transmit copies of the declarations to the High Contracting Parties.

(c)

The Commission will have jurisdiction to:

(i)

Investigate any alleged act of a serious offence within the meaning of the Conventions and this Protocol or another serious breach of the Conventions or this Protocol;

(ii) to facilitate, by lending its good offices, the return to compliance with the provisions of the Conventions and this Protocol.

(d)

In other situations, the Commission will initiate an investigation at the request of a Party to the conflict only with the consent of the other Party or other interested Parties.

(e)

Subject to the above provisions of this paragraph, the provisions of Art. 52 of the I ^Re Convention, 53 of II ^E Convention, 132 of III ^E Convention and 149 of the IV ^E Convention shall remain applicable to any alleged violation of the Conventions and shall also apply to any alleged violation of this Protocol.

3.

(a) Unless otherwise provided by the Parties concerned, all investigations shall be conducted by a Chamber composed of seven members appointed as follows:

(i)

Five members of the Commission, who shall not be nationals of any Party to the conflict, shall be appointed by the President of the Commission, on the basis of equitable representation of the geographical regions, after consultation with the Parties to the conflict;

(ii)

Two members Ad hoc, Who must not be nationals of any Party to the conflict, shall be appointed by each of them respectively.

(b)

Upon receipt of a request for an inquiry, the President of the Commission shall determine a suitable time limit for the establishment of a Chamber. If at least one of the two ad hoc members has not been appointed within the prescribed period, the President shall immediately make the appointment or appointments necessary to complete the composition of the Chamber.

4.

(a) The Chamber shall be constituted in accordance with the provisions of s. 3 with a view to conducting an inquiry will invite the parties to the conflict to assist and produce evidence. It will also be able to search for other evidence that it deems relevant and conduct an on-site investigation.

(b)

All the evidence shall be communicated to the Parties concerned, who shall have the right to submit their observations to the Commission.

(c)

Each Party concerned shall have the right to discuss the evidence.

5.

(a) The Commission shall report to the Parties concerned on the results of the investigation of the House with the recommendations it considers appropriate.

(b)

If the House is unable to gather evidence that is sufficient to support objective and impartial conclusions, the Commission will make known the reasons for this impossibility.

(c)

The Commission will not publicly communicate its findings unless all Parties to the conflict have requested it.

6. The Commission shall establish its rules of procedure, including rules concerning the Presidency of the Commission and of the Chamber. This Regulation shall provide that the functions of the President of the Commission shall be exercised at all times and that, in the event of an investigation, they shall be exercised by a person who is not a national of one of the Parties to the conflict.

7. The administrative expenditure of the Commission shall be covered by contributions from the High Contracting Parties which have made the declaration provided for in par. 2 and by voluntary contributions. The Parties to the conflict requesting an investigation shall advance the funds necessary to cover the expenses incurred by a Chamber and shall be reimbursed by the Party (s) against which the allegations are brought against the Fifty percent of the expenses of the House. If contrary allegations are presented to the House, each Party shall advance fifty per cent of the necessary funds.

The Party to the conflict that violates the provisions of the Conventions or this Protocol shall be liable for compensation, if any. It shall be responsible for all acts committed by persons belonging to its armed forces.

1. The rules concerning identification in this Annex implement the relevant provisions of the Geneva Conventions and the Protocol; they are intended to facilitate the identification of personnel, equipment, units, means of Transport and facilities protected by the Geneva Conventions and the Protocol.

2. These rules do not, as such, establish the right to protection. This right is governed by the relevant articles of the Conventions and the Protocol.

The competent authorities may, subject to the relevant provisions of the Geneva Conventions and the Protocol, settle at any time the use, deployment and lighting of distinctive signs and signals, as well as the possibility of Detect them.

4. The High Contracting Parties and, in particular, the Parties to the conflict are invited at all times to agree on additional or different signals, means or systems which enhance the possibility of identification and fully implement Profit from technological developments in this field.

1. The identity card of medical and religious staff, civil and permanent, provided for in Art. 18, para. 3 of the Protocol should:

(a)

Carry the distinctive sign and be of such dimensions as it can be put into the pocket;

(b)

Be made as durable as possible;

(c)

Be in the national or official language and, if appropriate, in the local language of the region concerned;

(d)

Indicate the name and date of birth of the holder (or, in the absence of that date, his age at the time of issue of the card) and his registration number if he has one;

(e)

Indicate in what capacity the holder is entitled to the protection of the Conventions and the Protocol;

(f)

Carry the photograph of the holder, as well as his or her signature or thumbprint;

(g)

Bear the stamp and signature of the competent authority;

(h)

Indicate the date of issuance and expiry of the card;

(i)

Indicate, to the extent possible, the holder's blood group on the back of the card.

2. The identity card shall be uniform throughout the territory of each High Contracting Party and, as far as possible, be of the same type for all Parties to the conflict. Parties to the conflict may be guided by the model in one language in Figure 1. At the beginning of hostilities, the parties to the conflict must disclose a specimen of the identity card they use if this map differs from the model in Figure 1. The identity card shall be established, if possible, in two copies, one of which shall be kept by the issuing authority, which should keep control of the cards it has issued.

3. In no case shall medical and religious personnel, civil and permanent, be deprived of identity cards. In case of loss of a card, the holder has the right to obtain a duplicate.

1. The identity card of medical and religious personnel, civil and temporary, should, if possible, be similar to that provided for in Art. 2 of this Regulation. Parties to the conflict may be guided by the model of Figure 1.

2. Where circumstances prevent the issuance of identity cards similar to that described in Art to health and religious, civil and temporary personnel. 2 of this Regulation, such staff may receive a certificate, signed by the competent authority, stating that the person to whom it is issued has received an assignment as a temporary staff, indicating, if possible, the duration of that person 's Assignment and the right of the holder to the port of the distinguishing sign. This certificate shall indicate the name and date of birth of the holder (or, failing that date, his age at the time of issue of the certificate), the function of the holder and his registration number if he has one. He must bear his signature or the thumbprint of his thumb, or both.

The distinctive sign (red on a white background) must be as large as the circumstances justify. The High Contracting Parties may be inspired, in the form of the cross, the crescent or the lion and the sun ¹ , models in Figure 2.

1. The distinguishing sign shall, as far as possible, be affixed to flags, a flat surface or in any other way adapted to the configuration of the terrain, so that it is visible from all possible directions and from as far away as Possible, especially from the air.

2. By night or by reduced visibility, the distinctive sign may be illuminated or illuminated.

3. The distinctive sign may be made of material which makes it recognisable by means of technical detection. The red part should be painted on a black-coloured primer to facilitate identification, particularly by infrared instruments.

4. Medical and religious personnel carrying out their duties on the battlefield shall be equipped, as far as possible, with headgear and clothing bearing the distinctive sign.

1. All the distinguishing signs mentioned in this chapter may be used by units and means of transport.

2. These signals, which are at the exclusive disposal of the units and means of transport, shall not be used for any other purpose, subject to the light signal (see para. 3 below).

3. In the absence of a special agreement between the Parties to the conflict, reserving the use of scintillating blue lights for the identification of vehicles, ships and watercraft, the use of such signals for other vehicles, ships and boats Is not prohibited.

4. Temporary health aircraft which, for lack of time or because of their characteristics, may not be marked with the distinctive sign may use the distinctive signs authorized in this Chapter.

1. The light signal, consisting of a glittering blue light as defined in the ICAO Technical Airworthiness Manual, Doc. 9051, is intended for use by health aircraft to signal their identity. No other aircraft may use this signal. Sanitary aircraft using blue light should show this in such a way that this light signal is visible from as many directions as possible.

2. In accordance with the provisions of Chap. XIV, para. 4, of the International Code of Signals of the IMO, boats protected by the Geneva Conventions of 1949 and the Protocol should show one or more glittering blue lights visible on the horizon.

3. Sanitary vehicles should show one or more glittering blue lights as far as possible. The High Contracting Parties and, in particular, Parties to the conflict using lamps of other colours should notify it.

4. The recommended blue colour is obtained when its chromaticism is within the boundaries of the CIE chromatic diagram defined by the following equations:

The recommended frequency of blue shrapnel is 60 to 100 flakes per minute.

The radio signal consists of an emergency signal and a distinctive signal, as described in the ITU Radio Regulations (RR Art. 40 and N 40).

2. The radio message, preceded by the emergency signals and the distinguishing signs referred to in subs. 1, shall be issued in English at appropriate intervals, on one or more of the frequencies provided for in the Radio Regulations, and shall contain the following elements relating to health transport:

(a)

Call sign or other recognised means of identification;

(b)

Position;

(c)

Number and type;

(d)

Itinerary selected;

(e)

Duration en route and time of departure and arrival, as applicable;

(f)

Any other information, such as altitude of flight, radio frequency of watches, languages used, modes and codes of secondary surveillance radar systems.

3. To facilitate communications under s. 1 and 2 as well as those referred to in Articles 22, 23 and 25 to 31 of the Protocol, the High Contracting Parties, the Parties to a conflict or one of the Parties to a conflict, acting by mutual agreement or in isolation, may define, in accordance with the Table of Distribution of frequency bands in the Radio Regulations annexed to the International Telecommunication Convention ¹ And publish the national frequencies they choose for these communications. These frequencies shall be notified to the International Telecommunication Union in accordance with the procedure approved by a World Administrative Radio Conference.

1. The Secondary Surveillance Radar System (SSR), as specified in Annex 10 of the Chicago Convention of 7 December 1944 ¹ Relating to the International Civil Aviation, updated periodically, can be used to identify and track the movement of a health aircraft. The mode and SSR code to be reserved for the exclusive use of health aircraft shall be defined by the High Contracting Parties, the Parties to the conflict or one of the Parties to the conflict, acting by mutual agreement or in isolation, in accordance with Procedures to be recommended by the International Civil Aviation Organization.

2. For identification and location purposes, secure sanitary conveyances may use aeronautical standard radar responders and/or maritime search and rescue (SAR) responders.

Protected health transport should be able to be identified by other vessels or aircraft equipped with surveillance radar (SSR) by means of the code issued by a radar responder, for example in mode 3/A, installed on the said health transports.

The code issued by the health transport radar answering machine should be assigned by the competent authorities and notified to the Parties to the conflict.

3. Sanitary transport can be identified by submarines through the issuance of appropriate underwater acoustic signals.

The underwater acoustic signal shall be made up of the ship's call sign (or any other recognized means of identification of sanitary transports) preceded by the group YYY issued in morse code on an appropriate acoustic frequency, for example 5 KHz.

Parties to the conflict who wish to use the underwater acoustic identification signal described above shall indicate this as soon as possible to the Parties concerned and confirm the frequency used by notifying the use of their hospital vessels.

4. The Parties to the conflict may, by special agreement, adopt for their use a similar electronic system for the identification of sanitary vehicles and ships and sanitary vessels.

1. The emergency signal and the distinctive signal provided for by Art. 8 may precede the appropriate radiocommunications of health units and means of transport for the application of the procedures implemented in accordance with Articles 22, 23 and 25 to 31 of the Protocol.

2. Health transport, to which Art. 40 refers (Section II, N ^O 3209) and N 40 (Section III, NI 3214), of the ITU Radio Regulations may also use for their communications the satellite communications systems, in accordance with the provisions of Art. 37, N 37 and 59 of the Mobile satellite service.

Medical units and means of transport may also use the codes and signals established by the International Telecommunication Union, the International Civil Aviation Organization and the International Maritime Organization. These codes and signals are then used in accordance with the standards, practices and procedures established by these Organizations.

Where bilateral radiocommunication is not possible, the signals provided for in the International Code of Signals adopted by the International Maritime Organization, or in the relevant Annex to the Chicago Convention of 7 December 1944 ¹ Relating to the International Civil Aviation, updated periodically, may be used.

Agreements and notifications relating to flight plans referred to in Art. 29 of the Protocol shall, as far as possible, be formulated in accordance with the procedures established by the International Civil Aviation Organization.

If an interceptor aircraft is used to identify a flight health aircraft, or the authority to land, pursuant to Article 30 and 31 of the Protocol, the standard procedures for visual and radio interception, as prescribed in Annex 2 of the Chicago Convention of 7 December 1944 ¹ Relating to the International Civil Aviation, updated periodically, should be used by the aircraft interceptor and the medical aircraft.

1. The identity card of the civil protection staff referred to in Art. 66, para. 3 of the Protocol shall be governed by the relevant provisions of Art. 2 of this Regulation.

2. The Civil Protection Personnel Identification Card may conform to the model shown in Figure 3.

3. If civil protection personnel are authorized to carry individual small arms, identification cards should be included.

1. The international distinctive sign of civil protection provided for in Art. 66, para. 4, of the Protocol is an equilateral triangle blue on an orange background. It is shown in Figure 4 below.

2. It is recommended that:

(a)

If the blue triangle is on a flag, armband or dossard, the orange background is the flag, armband or dossard.

(b)

That one of the vertices of the triangle is turned upwards, vertically.

(c)

That none of the vertices of the triangle touch the edge of the orange background.

3. The international distinctive sign must be as large as the circumstances justify. The sign shall, as far as possible, be displayed on flags or on a visible flat surface of all possible directions and as far as possible. Subject to the instructions of the competent authority, civil protection personnel shall be equipped, to the extent possible, with headgear and clothing bearing the international distinctive sign. At night, or by reduced visibility, the sign may be illuminated or illuminated; it may also be made of materials making it recognizable by technical means of detection.

1. The international special sign for works and installations containing dangerous forces, provided for in par. 7 of Art. 56 of the Protocol, consists of a group of three bright orange circles of the same dimension arranged on the same axis, the distance between the circles being equal to the radius, according to figure 5 below.

2. The sign must be as large as the circumstances justify. The sign may, when placed on a large surface, be repeated as often as justified by the circumstances. To the extent possible, it shall be affixed to flags or on flat surfaces so as to be made visible from all possible directions and as far as possible.

3. On a flag, the distance between the outer limits of the sign and the adjacent sides of the flag shall be equal to the radius of the circles. The flag will be rectangular and the white background.

4. At night or by reduced visibility, the sign may be illuminated or illuminated; it may also be made of materials making it recognizable by technical means of detection.