Key Benefits:
Original text
(Status on 15 October 2015)
The Parties to this Protocol,
Being Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (hereinafter referred to as the " Convention),
Concerned to achieve the ultimate objective of the Convention as set out in s. 2 of the
Recalling the provisions of the Convention,
Guided by art. 3 of the Convention,
Acting in accordance with the Berlin Mandate adopted by the Conference of the Parties to the Convention at its first session in decision 1/CP.1,
Agreed to the following:
For the purposes of this Protocol, the definitions set out in Art. 1 of the Convention shall apply. In addition:
1. "Conference of the Parties" means the Conference of the Parties to the Convention.
2. "Convention" means the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 1 , adopted in New York on 9 May 1992.
3. "Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change" means the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change established jointly by the World Meteorological Organization and the United Nations Programme on Climate Change. The environment in 1988.
4. "Montreal Protocol" means the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer 2 , adopted in Montreal on September 16, 1987, as adapted and subsequently amended.
5. "Parties present and voting" means the Parties present expressing an affirmative or negative vote.
(6) "Party" means, unless the context otherwise requires, a Party to this Protocol.
7. "Annex I Party" means any Party included in Annex I to the Convention, taking into account any amendments to that Annex, or any Party that has made a notification in accordance with para. (g) of s. 2 of the art. 4 of the Convention.
1. Each Party included in Annex I, in order to meet its quantified limitation and reduction commitments under Art. 3, in order to promote sustainable development:
2. Annex I Parties shall seek to limit or reduce emissions of greenhouse gases not regulated by the Montreal Protocol from bunker fuels used in air and sea transport, by way of The International Civil Aviation Organization and the International Maritime Organization, respectively.
The Parties included in Annex I shall endeavour to implement the policies and measures provided for in this Article in order to minimize adverse effects, including the adverse effects of climate change, the impact on International trade and the social, environmental and economic consequences for other Parties, especially developing country Parties, and in particular those designated to s. 8 and 9 of art. 4 of the Convention, having regard to art. 3 of this one. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol may, as appropriate, take further measures to facilitate the implementation of the provisions of this paragraph.
4. If it decides that it would be useful to coordinate some of the policies and measures referred to in para. (a) para. 1 above, taking into account the different national situations and the potential effects, the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall consider arrangements for the coordination of such policies and Measures.
1. The Parties included in Annex I shall, individually or jointly, ensure that their aggregate anthropogenic emissions, expressed in carbon dioxide equivalent, of the greenhouse gases listed in Annex A do not exceed the quantities that Shall be allocated to them, calculated on the basis of their quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments as set out in Annex B and in accordance with the provisions of this Article, with a view to reducing the total emissions of These gases of at least 5 % compared to the 1990 level during the commitment period from 2008 to 2012.
2. Each Party included in Annex I shall have made progress in implementing its commitments under this Protocol in 2005.
3. Net changes in greenhouse gas emissions from sources and removals by sinks resulting from human activities directly related to land-use change and forestry and limited to afforestation, Reforestation and deforestation since 1990, variations that correspond to verifiable changes in carbon stocks during each commitment period, are used by Annex I Parties to meet their commitments under Article. Greenhouse gas emissions from sources and removals by sinks associated with these activities shall be reported in a transparent and verifiable manner and reviewed in accordance with Art. 7 and 8.
Prior to the first session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol, each Party included in Annex I shall provide the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice for its consideration To determine the level of its carbon stocks in 1990 and to estimate changes in its carbon stocks in subsequent years. At its first session, or as soon as possible thereafter, the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall adopt the modalities, rules and guidelines to be applied in determining which human activities Additional related to changes in emissions from sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases in agricultural land categories and land-use change and land-use change. Forestry shall be added to the quantities assigned to or disposed of in Annex I Parties In the light of the uncertainties, the need for transparent and verifiable data, the methodological work of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Advice provided by the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice in accordance with Art. 5 and decisions of the Conference of the Parties. This decision is valid for the second commitment period and for subsequent periods. A Party may apply it to such additional human activities during the first commitment period provided that such activities have taken place since 1990.
5. Annex I Parties that are in transition to a market economy and whose year or reference period has been fixed in accordance with decision 9/CP.2, adopted by the Conference of the Parties at its second session, shall Commitments under this Article on the basis of the year or period of reference. Any other Party included in Annex I which is in transition to a market economy and which has not yet established its initial communication pursuant to Art. 12 of the Convention may also notify the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol of its intention to retain a year or historical reference period other than 1990 in order to fulfil its commitments under the Article. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall decide on the acceptance of such notification.
6. In view of s. 6 of the art. 4 of the Convention, the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall accord to Annex I Parties with a degree of flexibility in the implementation of their commitments in transition to a market economy Other than those referred to in this Article.
In the first period of quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments, from 2008 to 2012, the amount allocated to each Party included in Annex I shall be equal to the percentage, entered for it in the Annex B, of its aggregate anthropogenic emissions, expressed as carbon dioxide equivalent, of the greenhouse gases shown in Annex A in 1990, or during the year or reference period fixed in accordance with paragraph 1. 5 above, multiplied by five. Parties included in Annex I for which land use change and forestry were in 1990 a net source of greenhouse gas emissions shall take into account in their emissions corresponding to the year or Reference period, for the purposes of calculating the amount allocated to them, the anthropogenic emissions aggregated by the sources, expressed in carbon dioxide equivalent, net of amounts absorbed by sinks in 1990, such as As a result of land-use change.
8. Any Party included in Schedule I may choose 1995 as the base year for the purposes of the calculation under s. 7 above for hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons and sulphur hexafluoride.
For Annex I Parties, commitments for the following periods shall be set out in amendments to Annex B to this Protocol which shall be adopted in accordance with the provisions of par. 7 of Art. 21. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall begin its consideration of these commitments at least seven years before the end of the first commitment period referred to in para. 1 above.
10. Any emission reduction unit, or any portion of an assigned amount, that a Party acquires from another Party in accordance with the provisions of s. 6 or 17 is added to the assigned amount to the acquiring Party.
Any emission reduction unit, or any portion of an assigned amount, that a Party transfers to another Party in accordance with the provisions of s. 6 or 17 is subtracted from the assigned amount to the transferring Party.
12. Any certified emission reduction unit that a Party acquires from another Party in accordance with the provisions of s. 12 is added to the assigned amount to the acquiring Party.
13. If the emissions of a Party included in Annex I during a period of commitment are less than the quantity allocated to it under this Article, the difference shall, at the request of that Party, be added to the quantity allocated to it Assigned for the following commitment periods.
Each Party included in Annex I shall endeavour to fulfil the commitments set out in par. 1 above in order to minimize the adverse social, environmental and economic consequences for developing countries Parties, in particular those designated to s. 8 and 9 of art. 4 of the Convention. In line with the relevant decisions of the Conference of the Parties concerning the implementation of those paragraphs, the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall, at its first session, consider the measures Necessary to minimize the effects of climate change and/or the impact of response measures on Parties mentioned in these paragraphs. Among the issues to be addressed are the establishment of financing, insurance and technology transfer.
1. All Parties included in Annex I that have agreed to jointly fulfil their commitments under Art. 3 shall be deemed to have fulfilled these commitments in so far as the aggregate aggregate of their aggregate anthropogenic emissions, expressed in carbon dioxide equivalent, of the greenhouse gases listed in Annex A shall not exceed the quantities which Shall be allocated to them, calculated on the basis of their quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments as set out in Annex B and in accordance with the provisions of Art. 3. The respective emission level assigned to each Party to the agreement is indicated in the agreement.
2. The Parties to any such agreement shall notify the Secretariat on the date of deposit of their instruments of ratification, acceptance or approval of this Protocol or of accession to this Protocol. The secretariat shall, in turn, inform the Parties to the Convention and the signatories of the terms of the Agreement.
3. Any such agreement shall remain in force for the duration of the commitment period specified in subs. 7 of Art. 3.
4. If Parties acting jointly do so within the framework of a regional economic integration organization and in consultation with it, any change in the composition of that organization arising after the adoption of this Protocol Does not affect the commitments entered into in this instrument. Any change in the composition of the organization shall be taken into account only for the purposes of the commitments set out in Art. 3 that are adopted after this change.
5. If the Parties to such an agreement fail to achieve the cumulative total for them in respect of emission reductions, each Party shall be responsible for the level of its own emissions fixed in the agreement.
6. If Parties acting jointly do so within the framework of a regional economic integration organization which is itself a Party to this Protocol and in consultation with it, each member State of that regional organization Economic integration, individually and in conjunction with the regional economic integration organization acting in accordance with Art. 24, shall be responsible for the level of its emissions as notified under this Article in the event that the cumulative total level of emission reductions cannot be achieved.
Each Party included in Annex I shall, no later than one year before the start of the first commitment period, establish a national system for the estimation of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of all Greenhouse gases not regulated under the Montreal Protocol. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall, at its first session, adopt the framework for such national systems, in which the methodologies specified in para. 2 below.
2. Methodologies for estimating anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of all greenhouse gases not regulated under the Montreal Protocol are those approved by the Panel of Experts Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change approved by the Conference of the Parties at its third session. Where such methodologies are not used, appropriate adjustments shall be made in accordance with the methodologies adopted by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol at its first session. Based on, inter alia, the work of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and on the advice provided by the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice, the Conference of the Parties serving as a meeting Parties to this Protocol shall regularly review and, where appropriate, revise these methodologies and adjustments, taking fully into account any relevant decisions of the Conference of the Parties. Any revision of the methodologies or adjustments shall only be used to verify compliance with the commitments set out in Art. 3 for any period of commitment subsequent to this revision.
3. The global warming potentials used to calculate the carbon dioxide equivalent of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of the greenhouse gases listed in Annex A are those that are approved by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and endorsed by the Conference of the Parties at its third session. Based on, inter alia, the work of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and on the advice provided by the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice, the Conference of the Parties serving as a meeting Parties to this Protocol shall regularly review and, where appropriate, revise the global warming potential corresponding to each of these greenhouse gases, taking fully into account any relevant decisions of the Conference of Parties. Any revision of a global warming potential only applies to commitments under s. 3 for any period of commitment subsequent to this revision.
1. In order to fulfil its commitments under s. 3, any Party referred to in Annex I may assign to any other Party having the same status, or acquire from it, emission reduction units resulting from projects aimed at reducing anthropogenic emissions by sources or strengthening Anthropogenic removals by sinks of greenhouse gases in any sector of the economy, provided that:
2. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol may, at its first session or as soon as possible thereafter, elaborate further guidelines for the implementation of this Article, in particular in respect of Concerns audit and reporting.
A Party included in Annex I may authorize legal persons to participate, under its responsibility, in measures leading to the production, transfer or acquisition, under this Article, of emission reduction units.
4. If a question by a party listed in Annex I relating to the application of the requirements referred to in this Article is raised in accordance with the relevant provisions of Art. 8, transfers and acquisitions of emission reduction units may continue after the issue has been raised, on the understanding that no Party will be able to use these units to meet its obligations under s. 3 as long as the problem of compliance with obligations has not been resolved.
Each Party included in Annex I shall include in its annual inventory of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases not regulated by the Montreal Protocol, established in accordance with the Relevant decisions of the Conference of the Parties, the additional information necessary to ensure that the provisions of s. 3 are complied with and must be determined in accordance with s. 4 below.
(2) Each Party included in Annex I shall include in the national communication it establishes in accordance with Art. 12 of the Convention, the additional information necessary to demonstrate that it is fulfilling its commitments under this Protocol, and which shall be determined in accordance with subs. 4 below.
3. Each Party included in Annex I shall provide the information required under subs. 1 above each year, starting with the first inventory which it is required to establish under the Convention for the first year of the commitment period following the entry into force of this Protocol in respect of it. Each Party shall provide the information required under subs. 2 above in the context of the first national communication which it is required to submit under the Convention after the entry into force of this Protocol in respect of it and after the adoption of the guidelines provided for in para. 4 below. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall decide on the periodicity according to which the information required under this Article will be communicated thereafter, taking into account any timetable that May be adopted by the Conference of the Parties for the presentation of national communications.
The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall adopt at its first session and shall thereafter periodically review guidelines for the preparation of the information required under this Article, Taking into account the guidelines for the preparation of national communications of Annex I Parties adopted by the Conference of the Parties. In addition, prior to the commencement of the first commitment period, the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall establish the modalities for the accounting for the assigned amounts.
1. Information communicated pursuant to Art. 7 by each Party included in Annex I shall be reviewed by teams composed of experts as a follow-up to the relevant decisions of the Conference of the Parties and in accordance with the guidelines adopted to that effect under subs. 4 below by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol. The information provided under subs. 1 of the art. 7 by each Party included in Annex I shall be considered in the context of the annual compilation of emission inventories and assigned amounts and the corresponding accounts. In addition, the information provided under subs. 2 of the art. 7 by each Party included in Annex I shall be considered in the context of the communications review.
2. Review teams shall be coordinated by the secretariat and composed of experts selected from among those designated by the Parties to the Convention and, where appropriate, by intergovernmental organizations, in accordance with the guidelines Data for this purpose by the Conference of the Parties.
3. The review process provides a comprehensive and detailed technical assessment of all aspects of the implementation of this Protocol by a Party. The review teams shall prepare a report for the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol in which they assess the compliance by that Party with its commitments and indicate the problems Possibly met to meet these commitments and the factors affecting their implementation. The secretariat shall communicate this report to all Parties to the Convention. In addition, the secretariat shall prepare a list of implementation issues which may be referred to in this report for submission to the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol for the purposes of Further reviews.
The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall adopt at its first session and shall periodically review the guidelines for the review of the implementation of this Protocol by the teams Experts, taking into account relevant decisions of the Conference of the Parties.
The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall consider, with the assistance of the Subsidiary Body for Implementation and the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice, as appropriate:
6. As a result of the review of the information referred to in par. 5 above, the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall, on any matter, take the decisions necessary for the implementation of this Protocol.
The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall periodically review the Protocol in the light of the most reliable scientific data and assessments concerning climate change and its impact Relevant technical, social and economic data. Such examinations shall be coordinated with the relevant examinations provided for in the Convention, in particular those required by para. (d) para. 2 of the art. 4 and in para. (a) para. 2 of the art. 7 of the Convention. On the basis of such reviews, the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall take appropriate action.
The first review shall take place at the second session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol. Further reviews are carried out on a regular and ad hoc basis.
All Parties, taking into account their common but differentiated responsibilities and the specificity of their national and regional development priorities, their objectives and their situation, without providing new commitments for Parties not included in Annex I but reaffirming those already set out in s. 1 of the art. 4 of the Convention and continuing to make progress in the implementation of these commitments in order to achieve sustainable development, taking into account paras. 3, 5 and 7 of Art. 4 of the Convention.
1. To apply s. 10, the Parties shall take into account the provisions of s. 4, 5, 7, 8 and 9 of s. 4 of the Convention.
2. As part of the application of s. 1 of the art. 4 of the Convention, in accordance with the provisions of s. 3 of Art. 4 and art. 11 of the Convention, and through the entity or entities entrusted with the operation of the financial mechanism of the Convention, the developed countries Parties and the other developed Parties included in Annex II to the Convention.
The implementation of these commitments takes into account the need for adequate and predictable flows of funds, as well as the importance of appropriate burden-sharing among developed country Parties. Guidance for the entity or entities entrusted with the operation of the financial mechanism of the Convention contained in the relevant decisions of the Conference of the Parties, including those that have been approved before The adoption of this Protocol shall apply Mutatis mutandis To the provisions of this paragraph.
3. Developed country Parties and other developed Parties included in Annex II of the Convention may also provide, and the developing countries Parties may obtain, financial resources for the purposes of applying s. 10 of this Protocol by bilateral, regional or multilateral means.
1. A mechanism for "clean" development is established.
2. The purpose of the "clean" development mechanism is to assist Parties not included in Annex I to achieve sustainable development and to contribute to the ultimate objective of the Convention, and to assist Parties included in Annex I to Meet their quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments under s. 3.
3. Under the "clean" development mechanism:
The "clean" development mechanism shall be placed under the authority of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol and shall follow its guidelines; it shall be supervised by an Executive Board of the Mechanism for a "Clean" development.
5. The emission reductions resulting from each activity shall be certified by operational entities designated by the Conference of the Parties serving as the Meeting of the Parties to this Protocol on the basis of the following criteria:
6. The "clean" development mechanism helps to organize the financing of certified activities, as appropriate.
The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall prepare, at its first session, modalities and procedures to ensure transparency, efficiency and accountability through audit and verification Independent of activities.
The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall ensure that a share of the funds from certified activities is used to cover administrative expenses and to assist developing countries Parties that Are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change on the cost of adaptation.
9. Can participate in the mechanism for "clean" development, in particular the activities mentioned in para. (a) para. 3 above and the acquisition of certified emission reduction units, both public and private entities; participation is subject to the directives which may be given by the executive board of the mechanism.
10. Certified emission reductions achieved between 2000 and the start of the first commitment period can be used to help meet the commitments set out for this period.
As the supreme body of the Convention, the Conference of the Parties shall act as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol.
2. Parties to the Convention which are not Parties to this Protocol may participate, as observers, in the work of any session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol. Where the Conference of the Parties acts as a meeting of the Parties to this Protocol, decisions taken under that Protocol shall be made only by the Parties to that Protocol.
3. Where the Conference of the Parties acts as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol, any member of the Bureau of the Conference of the Parties representing a Party to the Convention who, at that time, is not a Party to this Protocol shall be replaced By a new member elected by and among the Parties to this Protocol.
4. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall regularly review the implementation of the said Protocol and shall take, within the limits of its mandate, the decisions necessary to promote its implementation Effective. It shall exercise the functions conferred upon it by this Protocol and shall:
5. The rules of procedure of the Conference of the Parties and the financial procedures applied under the Convention shall apply Mutatis mutandis The present Protocol, unless the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol decides otherwise by consensus.
The secretariat shall convene the first session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol on the occasion of the first session of the Conference of the Parties provided for after the entry into force of this Protocol. Subsequent ordinary sessions of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall be held each year and shall coincide with the ordinary sessions of the Conference of the Parties, unless the Conference of the Parties Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall not decide otherwise.
The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall hold special sessions at any other time when it deems it necessary or if a Party requests it in writing, provided that such request is Supported by at least one third of the Parties within six months of its submission to the Parties by the secretariat.
8. The United Nations, its specialized agencies and the International Atomic Energy Agency, as well as any member State of one of these organizations or having observer status with one of them, which is not a Party to the Convention, may be represented at the sessions of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol as observers. Any body or body, national or international, governmental or non-governmental, competent in the fields covered by this Protocol and who has informed the secretariat that it wishes to be represented as an observer at A session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol may be admitted in that capacity, unless at least one third of the Parties present object to it. The admission and participation of observers shall be governed by the rules of procedure referred to in paragraph 1. 5 above.
1. The Secretariat established pursuant to Art. 8 of the Convention shall provide the secretariat of this Protocol.
2. Le par. 2 of the art. 8 of the Convention on the functions of the secretariat and para. 3 of the same article concerning the arrangements for its operation shall apply Mutatis mutandis To this Protocol. The secretariat shall also carry out the functions entrusted to it under this Protocol.
The Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice and the Subsidiary Body for Implementation of the Convention established by Art. 9 and 10 of the Convention shall act as the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice and the Subsidiary Body for Implementation of this Protocol respectively. The provisions of the Convention relating to the functioning of these two bodies shall apply Mutatis mutandis To this Protocol. The meetings of the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice and the Subsidiary Body for Implementation of this Protocol coincide with those of the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice and the Body Subsidiary to implement the Convention.
2. Parties to the Convention that are not parties to this Protocol may participate as observers in the work of any session of the subsidiary bodies. Where subsidiary bodies act as subsidiary bodies of this Protocol, decisions under the Protocol shall be taken only by those of the Parties to the Convention that are Parties to that Protocol.
3. Where the subsidiary bodies established by s. 9 and 10 of the Convention shall carry out their duties in an area covered by this Protocol, any member of their office representing a Party to the Convention which, at that time, is not a party to this Protocol shall be replaced by a new Member elected by and among the Parties to the Protocol.
The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall consider, as soon as possible, the implementation of the multilateral consultative process referred to in Art. 13 of the Convention and amend it as appropriate, in the light of any relevant decisions that may be taken by the Conference of the Parties to the Convention. Any multilateral consultative process that may be applied to this Protocol shall operate without prejudice to the procedures and mechanisms established in accordance with Art. 18.
The Conference of the Parties shall define the principles, modalities, rules and guidelines to be applied in respect of, inter alia, verification, reporting and accountability for the exchange of rights Program. Parties included in Annex B may participate in emissions trading for the purpose of fulfilling their obligations under Art. 3. Any such exchange shall complement the measures taken at national level to fulfil the quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments provided for in this Article.
At its first session, the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall approve appropriate and effective procedures and mechanisms for the determination and consideration of cases of non-compliance with the provisions of this Protocol, In particular by drawing up an indicative list of consequences, taking into account the cause, the type and degree of non-compliance and the frequency of cases. If procedures and mechanisms under this Article result in consequences binding upon the Parties, they shall be adopted by means of an amendment to this Protocol.
The provisions of Art. 14 of the Convention on the Settlement of Disputes Mutatis mutandis To this Protocol.
1. Any Party may propose amendments to this Protocol.
2. The amendments to this Protocol shall be adopted at an ordinary session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol. The text of any proposed amendment to this Protocol shall be communicated to the Parties by the secretariat at least six months before the meeting to which the amendment is proposed for adoption. The secretariat shall also communicate the text of any proposed amendment to the Parties to the Convention and to the signatories to the Convention and, for information, to the Depositary.
3. The Parties shall make every effort to reach agreement by consensus on any proposed amendment to this Protocol. If all efforts to that end remain in vain and no agreement is reached, the amendment shall be adopted as a last resort by a majority vote of three-fourths of the Parties present and voting. The adopted amendment shall be communicated by the secretariat to the Depositary, which shall transmit it to all Parties for acceptance.
4. Instruments of acceptance of amendments shall be deposited with the Depositary. Any amendment adopted in accordance with paragraph 1. 3 above shall enter into force in respect of the Parties having accepted it on the ninetieth day following the date of receipt by the Depositary of instruments of acceptance by at least three-fourths of the Parties to this Protocol.
5. The amendment shall enter into force in respect of any other Party on the ninetieth day following the date of the deposit by that Party with the Depositary of its instrument of acceptance of the said amendment.
1. The Annexes to this Protocol shall form an integral part thereof and, unless otherwise expressly provided, any reference to this Protocol shall at the same time constitute a reference to its annexes. If annexes are adopted after the entry into force of this Protocol, they shall be limited to lists, forms and other descriptive documents of a scientific, technical, procedural or administrative nature.
2. Any Party may propose annexes to this Protocol or amendments to annexes to this Protocol.
3. The Annexes to this Protocol and the amendments to annexes to this Protocol shall be adopted at an ordinary session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol. The text of any proposal for an annex or amendment to an annex shall be communicated to the Parties by the secretariat at least six months before the meeting to which the annex or amendment is proposed for adoption. The secretariat shall also communicate the text of any proposed annex or amendment to an annex to the Parties to the Convention and to the signatories to the Convention and, for information, to the Depositary.
4. The Parties shall make every effort to reach agreement by consensus on any proposed annex or amendment to an annex. If all efforts to that end remain in vain and no agreement is reached, the annex or amendment to an annex shall be adopted as a last resort by a majority vote of three-fourths of the Parties present and voting. The annex or amendment to an adopted annex shall be communicated by the secretariat to the Depositary, who shall forward it to all Parties for acceptance.
5. Any annex or amendment to an annex, other than Annex A or B, which has been adopted in accordance with par. 3 and 4 above, shall enter into force in respect of all Parties to this Protocol six months after the date on which the Depositary notified them of its adoption, except for those Parties which, in the meantime, have notified in writing to the Depositary that they did not accept the annex or amendment in question. In respect of the Parties withdrawing their notification of non-acceptance, the annex or amendment to an annex shall enter into force on the ninetieth day following the date of receipt by the Depositary of the notification of such withdrawal.
If the adoption of an annex or an amendment to an annex requires an amendment to this Protocol, that annex or amendment to an annex shall enter into force only when the amendment to the Protocol enters into force.
7. The amendments to Annexes A and B to this Protocol shall be adopted and shall enter into force in accordance with the procedure laid down in Art. 20, provided that any amendment to Annex B is adopted only with the written consent of the Party concerned.
1. Each Party shall have one vote, subject to the provisions of subs. 2 below.
2. In the fields of their competence, regional economic integration organizations shall have, in order to exercise their right to vote, a number of votes equal to the number of their member States which are Parties to this Protocol. Such organisations shall not exercise their right to vote if any of their member States exercises their right to vote, and vice versa.
The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall be the Depositary of this Protocol.
(1) This Protocol shall be open for signature and subject to ratification, acceptance or approval by States and regional economic integration organizations which are Parties to the Convention. It will be open for signature at United Nations Headquarters in New York from 16 March 1998 to 15 March 1999 and will be open for accession on the day following the day on which it ceases to be open for signature. Instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession shall be deposited with the Depositary.
2. Any regional economic integration organization which becomes a Party to this Protocol without any of its member States being a Party to this Protocol shall be bound by all the obligations under this Protocol. Where one or more member States of such an organization are Parties to this Protocol, that organization and its member States agree on their respective responsibilities for the fulfilment of their obligations under this Protocol. Protocol. In such a case, the organization and its member States shall not be entitled to exercise rights under this Protocol concurrently.
3. In their instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, regional economic integration organizations shall indicate the extent of their competence in matters governed by this Protocol. In addition, these organisations shall inform the Depositary, who shall in turn inform the Parties, of any significant change in the scope of their competence.
1. This Protocol shall enter into force on the ninetieth day after the date of deposit of their instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession by 55 Parties to the Convention at least, including the Parties concerned Annex I, whose total carbon dioxide emissions represented at least 55 % of the total volume of carbon dioxide emissions of all Annex I Parties in 1990.
2. For the purposes of this Article, "the total volume of carbon dioxide emissions in 1990 of Annex I Parties" shall be the volume notified by the Parties included in Annex I, on the date on which they adopt this Protocol or at a date In their initial national communication under s. 12 of the Convention.
3. In respect of each Party or regional economic integration organization that ratifies, accepts or approves this Protocol, or accedes thereto once the conditions for entry into force set out in s. 1 above have been complied with, this Protocol shall enter into force on the ninetieth day following the date of the deposit by that State or organization of its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession.
4. For the purposes of this Article, any instrument deposited by a regional economic integration organization shall not be added to those deposited by the member States of that organization.
No reservations may be made to this Protocol.
At the expiration of a period of three years from the date of entry into force of this Protocol in respect of a Party, that Party may, at any time, denounce it by written notification addressed to the Depositary.
(2) Such denunciation shall take effect upon the expiration of one year from the date on which the Depositary receives notification thereof or at any other later date specified in the said notification.
(3) Any Party that denounces the Convention shall be deemed also to denounce this Protocol.
The original of this Protocol, of which the Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish texts are equally authentic, shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations.
In witness whereof, The undersigned, duly authorized to that effect, have signed this Protocol on the dates indicated.
Done at Kyoto on 11 December mil nine hundred and ninety-seven.
(Suivent signatures)
Carbon dioxide (CO 2 )
Methane (CH 4 )
Nitrous oxide (N 2 O)
Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)
Perfluorinated Hydrocarbons (PFCs)
Sulphur hexafluoride (SF 6 )
Energy
Fuel Combustion
Fugitive Emissions from Fuels
Industrial Processes
Solvent and Other Product Use
Agriculture
Waste
(as a percentage of emissions for the year or period of reference)
Party
| Germany |
92 |
| Australia |
108 |
| Austria |
92 |
| Belgium |
92 |
| Bulgaria * |
92 |
| Canada |
94 |
| European Community |
92 |
| Croatia * |
95 |
| Denmark |
92 |
| Spain |
92 |
| Estonia * |
92 |
| United States of America |
93 |
| Russian Federation * |
100 |
| Finland |
92 |
| France |
92 |
| Greece |
92 |
| Hungary * |
94 |
| Ireland |
92 |
| Iceland |
110 |
| Italy |
92 |
| Japan |
94 |
| Latvia * |
92 |
| Liechtenstein |
92 |
| Lithuania * |
92 |
| Luxembourg |
92 |
| Monaco |
92 |
| Norway |
101 |
| New Zealand |
100 |
| Netherlands |
92 |
| Poland * |
94 |
| Portugal |
92 |
| Czech Republic * |
92 |
| Romania * |
92 |
| United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland |
92 |
| Slovakia * |
92 |
| Slovenia * |
92 |
| Sweden |
92 |
| Switzerland |
92 |
| Ukraine * |
100 |
| * Countries in transition to a market economy. |
| States Parties |
Ratification Accession (A) |
Entry into force |
||
| Afghanistan |
25 March |
2013 A |
23 June |
2013 |
| South Africa |
July 31 |
2002 A |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Albania |
1 Er April |
2005 A |
30 June |
2005 |
| Algeria |
February 16 |
2005 A |
17 May |
2005 |
| Germany |
May 31 |
2002 |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Angola |
8 May |
2007 A |
August 6 |
2007 |
| Antigua and Barbuda |
3 November |
1998 |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Saudi Arabia |
31 January |
2005 A |
1 Er May |
2005 |
| Argentina * |
28 September |
2001 |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Armenia |
April 25 |
2003 A |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Australia * |
12 December |
2007 |
March 11 |
2008 |
| Austria |
May 31 |
2002 |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Azerbaijan |
28 September |
2000 A |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Bahamas |
April 9 |
1999 A |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Bahrain |
31 January |
2006 A |
1 Er May |
2006 |
| Bangladesh |
22 October |
2001 A |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Barbados |
7 August |
2000 A |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Belarus |
26 August |
2005 A |
24 November |
2005 |
| Belgium |
May 31 |
2002 |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Belize |
26 September |
2003 A |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Benin |
25 February |
2002 A |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Bhutan |
26 August |
2002 A |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Bolivia |
30 November |
1999 |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina |
April 16 |
2007 A |
July 15 |
2007 |
| Botswana |
8 August |
2003 A |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Brazil |
August 23 |
2002 |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Brunei |
August 20 |
2009 A |
18 November |
2009 |
| Bulgaria |
August 15 |
2002 |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Burkina Faso |
March 31 |
2005 A |
29 June |
2005 |
| Burundi |
18 October |
2001 A |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Cambodia |
22 August |
2002 A |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Cameroon |
August 28 |
2002 A |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Cape Verde |
10 February |
2006 A |
11 May |
2006 |
| Chile |
26 August |
2002 |
February 16 |
2005 |
| China |
August 30 |
2002 |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Hong Kong |
April 8 |
2003 |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Macao |
14 January |
2008 |
14 January |
2008 |
| Cyprus |
July 16 |
1999 A |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Colombia |
30 November |
2001 A |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Comoros |
10 April |
2008 A |
July 9 |
2008 |
| Congo (Brazzaville) |
12 February |
2007 A |
13 May |
2007 |
| Congo, Kinshasa |
23 March |
2005 A |
21 June |
2005 |
| Korea (North) |
April 27 |
2005 A |
26 July |
2005 |
| Korea (South) |
8 November |
2002 |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Costa Rica |
August 9 |
2002 |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Côte d' Ivoire |
April 23 |
2007 A |
July 22 |
2007 |
| Croatia |
30 May |
2007 |
August 28 |
2007 |
| Cuba |
April 30 |
2002 |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Denmark A |
May 31 |
2002 |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Djibouti |
12 March |
2002 A |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Dominica |
25 January |
2005 A |
April 25 |
2005 |
| Egypt |
12 January |
2005 |
12 April |
2005 |
| El Salvador |
30 November |
1998 |
February 16 |
2005 |
| United Arab Emirates |
26 January |
2005 A |
April 26 |
2005 |
| Ecuador |
13 January |
2000 |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Eritrea |
28 July |
2005 A |
26 October |
2005 |
| Spain |
May 31 |
2002 |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Estonia |
14 October |
2002 |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Ethiopia |
April 14 |
2005 A |
July 13 |
2005 |
| Fiji |
September 17 |
1998 |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Finland |
May 31 |
2002 |
February 16 |
2005 |
| France * |
May 31 |
2002 |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Gabon |
12 December |
2006 A |
12 March |
2007 |
| Gambia |
1 Er June |
2001 A |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Georgia |
June 16 |
1999 A |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Ghana |
30 May |
2003 A |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Greece |
May 31 |
2002 |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Grenada |
August 6 |
2002 A |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Guatemala |
5 October |
1999 |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Guinea |
7 September |
2000 A |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Equatorial Guinea |
August 16 |
2000 A |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Guinea-Bissau |
18 November |
2005 A |
February 16 |
2006 |
| Guyana |
August 5 |
2003 A |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Haiti |
July 6 |
2005 A |
4 October |
2005 |
| Honduras |
19 July |
2000 |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Hungary |
August 21 |
2002 A |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Cook Islands |
August 27 |
2001 |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Marshall Islands |
August 11 |
2003 |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Solomon Islands |
13 March |
2003 |
February 16 |
2005 |
| India |
26 August |
2002 A |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Indonesia |
3 December |
2004 |
3 March |
2005 |
| Iran |
22 August |
2005 A |
20 November |
2005 |
| Iraq |
28 July |
2009 A |
26 October |
2009 |
| Ireland |
May 31 |
2002 |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Iceland |
23 May |
2002 A |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Israel |
15 March |
2004 |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Italy |
May 31 |
2002 |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Jamaica |
28 June |
1999 A |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Japan |
4 June |
2002 |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Jordan |
17 January |
2003 A |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Kazakhstan |
19 June |
2009 |
September 17 |
2009 |
| Kenya |
25 February |
2005 A |
26 May |
2005 |
| Kyrgyzstan |
13 May |
2003 A |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Kiribati * |
7 September |
2000 A |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Kuwait |
March 11 |
2005 A |
9 June |
2005 |
| Laos |
February 6 |
2003 A |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Lesotho |
September 6 |
2000 A |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Latvia |
July 5 |
2002 |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Lebanon |
13 November |
2006 A |
February 11 |
2007 |
| Liberia |
5 November |
2002 A |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Libya |
August 24 |
2006 A |
22 November |
2006 |
| Liechtenstein |
3 December |
2004 |
3 March |
2005 |
| Lithuania |
3 January |
2003 |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Luxembourg |
May 31 |
2002 |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Macedonia |
18 November |
2004 A |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Madagascar |
24 September |
2003 A |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Malaysia |
4 September |
2002 |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Malawi |
26 October |
2001 A |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Maldives |
December 30 |
1998 |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Mali |
28 March |
2002 |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Malta |
11 November |
2001 |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Morocco |
25 January |
2002 A |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Mauritius |
9 May |
2001 A |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Mauritania |
July 22 |
2005 A |
20 October |
2005 |
| Mexico |
7 September |
2000 |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Micronesia |
21 June |
1999 |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Moldova |
22 April |
2003 A |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Monaco |
February 27 |
2006 |
28 May |
2006 |
| Mongolia |
15 December |
1999 A |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Montenegro |
4 June |
2007 A |
2 September |
2007 |
| Mozambique |
January 18 |
2005 A |
18 April |
2005 |
| Myanmar |
13 August |
2003 A |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Namibia |
4 September |
2003 A |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Nauru * |
August 16 |
2001 A |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Nepal |
16 September |
2005 A |
15 December |
2005 |
| Nicaragua |
18 November |
1999 |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Niger |
September 30 |
2004 |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Nigeria |
10 December |
2004 A |
10 March |
2005 |
| Niue |
6 May |
1999 |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Norway |
30 May |
2002 |
February 16 |
2005 |
| New Zealand B |
19 December |
2002 |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Oman |
19 January |
2005 A |
19 April |
2005 |
| Uganda |
25 March |
2002 A |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Uzbekistan |
12 October |
1999 |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Pakistan |
11 January |
2005 A |
April 11 |
2005 |
| Palau |
10 December |
1999 A |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Panama |
March 5 |
1999 |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Papua New Guinea |
28 March |
2002 |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Paraguay |
August 27 |
1999 |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Netherlands C |
May 31 |
2002 |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Peru |
12 September |
2002 |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Philippines |
20 November |
2003 |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Poland |
13 December |
2002 |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Portugal |
May 31 |
2002 |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Qatar |
11 January |
2005 A |
April 11 |
2005 |
| Central African Republic |
18 March |
2008 A |
June 16 |
2008 |
| Dominican Republic |
12 February |
2002 A |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Czech Republic |
15 November |
2001 |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Romania |
19 March |
2001 |
February 16 |
2005 |
| United Kingdom |
11 November |
1111 |
11 November |
1111 |
| Bermuda |
7 March |
2007 |
7 March |
2007 |
| Gibraltar |
2 January |
2007 |
2 January |
2007 |
| Guernsey |
April 4 |
2006 |
April 4 |
2006 |
| Cayman Islands |
7 March |
2007 |
7 March |
2007 |
| Isle of Man |
April 4 |
2006 |
April 4 |
2006 |
| Falkland Islands |
7 March |
2007 |
7 March |
2007 |
| Jersey |
7 March |
2007 |
7 March |
2007 |
| Russia * |
18 November |
2004 |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Rwanda |
July 22 |
2004 A |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Saint Kitts and Nevis |
April 8 |
2008 A |
7 July |
2008 |
| Saint Lucia |
August 20 |
2003 |
February 16 |
2005 |
| San Marino |
28 April |
2010 A |
27 July |
2010 |
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines |
31 December |
2004 |
March 31 |
2005 |
| Samoa |
27 November |
2000 |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Sao Tome and Principe |
April 25 |
2008 A |
24 July |
2008 |
| Senegal |
July 20 |
2001 A |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Serbia |
19 October |
2007 A |
17 January |
2008 |
| Seychelles |
July 22 |
2002 |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Sierra Leone |
10 November |
2006 A |
February 8 |
2007 |
| Singapore |
12 April |
2006 A |
July 11 |
2006 |
| Slovakia |
May 31 |
2002 |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Slovenia |
2 August |
2002 |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Somalia |
26 July |
2010 A |
24 October |
2010 |
| Sudan |
2 November |
2004 A |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Sri Lanka |
3 September |
2002 A |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Sweden |
May 31 |
2002 |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Switzerland |
July 9 |
2003 |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Suriname |
September 25 |
2006 A |
24 December |
2006 |
| Swaziland |
13 January |
2006 A |
13 April |
2006 |
| Syria |
27 January |
2006 A |
April 27 |
2006 |
| Tajikistan |
29 December |
2008 A |
March 29 |
2009 |
| Tanzania |
26 August |
2002 A |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Chad |
August 18 |
2009 A |
17 November |
2009 |
| Thailand |
August 28 |
2002 |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Timor-Leste |
14 October |
2008 A |
12 January |
2009 |
| Togo |
July 2 |
2004 A |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Tonga |
14 January |
2008 A |
13 April |
2008 |
| Trinidad and Tobago |
28 January |
1999 |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Tunisia |
22 January |
2003 A |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Turkmenistan |
11 January |
1999 |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Turkey |
28 May |
2009 A |
26 August |
2009 |
| Tuvalu |
16 November |
1998 |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Ukraine |
12 April |
2004 |
February 16 |
2005 |
|
May 31 |
2002 |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Uruguay |
5 February |
2001 |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Vanuatu |
17 July |
2001 A |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Venezuela |
18 February |
2005 A |
19 May |
2005 |
| Vietnam |
September 25 |
2002 |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Yemen |
September 15 |
2004 A |
February 16 |
2005 |
| Zambia |
7 July |
2006 |
5 October |
2006 |
| Zimbabwe |
30 June |
2009 A |
28 September |
2009 |
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
| C The Protocol applies to the Kingdom of Europe. |
1 RO 2004 5203
2 RO 2004 5230 , 2005 2239 4789, 2006 3029, 2007 4471, 2008 4607, 2009 3959, 2011 469, 2015 4293. A version of the updated scope of application is published on the DFAE website (www.dfae.admin.ch/traites).
