paragraph 1 of the Convention of 27 september 1968 on jurisdiction
and the enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters and
Conventions of accession of 9 October 1978, 25 October
in 1982, on 26 May 1989, and on 29 november 1996 (Brussels con ven-
tion), as well as the Protocol of 3 June 1971 on the ECJ's
interpretation of the Brussels Convention, as amended by the said
access conventions, shall be valid as law in this country.
The Swedish, English and French texts of Brussels con ven-
and of the 1971 Protocol, as amended by the
access conventions referred to in the first subparagraph are inmates
as an annex to this law.
The Government announces the States that are party
The Brussels Convention and the 1971 Protocol, as well as the contents of the
such notification of changes in national law or in
the lists of courts or tribunals referred to in article VI of the
the Convention's protocols.
paragraph 2 of article 64 of the Convention on 30 October 2007
jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of
judgments in civil and commercial matters (the 2007 Lugano Convention)
There are rules about when the Convention will be applied in
instead of the Brussels Convention. Law (2009:1311).
section 3 of the Supplementary provisions of the Act (2014:912)
supplementary provisions on jurisdiction and the
recognition and international enforcement of certain
rulings. Law (2014:929).
4 repealed by law (2002:462).
section 5 was repealed by law (2002:462).
section 6 of the repealed law (2002:462).
7 repealed by law (2002:462).
section 8 Has been repealed by law (2002:462).
CONVENTION
expired la compétence judiciaire et l ' exécution des
matière civile et commerciale decisions a
The REPUBLIC to
LES HAUTES PARTIES CONTRACTANTES AU TRAITÉ INSTITUANT LA
COMMUNAUTÉ ÉCONOMIQUE EUROPÉENNE,
DÉSIRANT mettre en ceuvre les disposition de l'article 220
dudit traité en vertu duquel elles se sont engagées à assurer
La simplification des formalites auxquelles sont subordonnées
La reconnaissance et l ' exécution réciproques des decisions
judiciaires,
SOUCIEUSES de renforcer la protection dans la Communauté
juridique des personnes qui y sont établies,
CONSIDÉRANT qu'il import à cette fin de determiner la
compétence de leurs juridictions dans l'ordre international, the
especially the la reconnaissance et d ' instaurer une procédure rapide
increase its d ' exécution des decisions assurer l ' des actes
instruments et des transactions judiciaires,
ONT DÉCIDÉ de conclure la présente convention et ont désigné à
CET effet comme plénipotentiaires:
[Plénipotentiaires désignés par les États principles]
LESQUELS, réunis au sein du Conseil, après avoir échangé leurs
pleins pouvoirs reconnus en bonne et due forme,
SONT CONVENUS QUI SUIVENT DES OUTLINE
TITRE PREMIER CHAMP D ' APPLICATION
Article premier
La présente convention s ' applique en matière civile et
Commerciale et quelle que soit la nature de la juridiction.
Elle ne recouvre ' notamment ' pas les matières fiscales,
douanières ou administratives.
Sont exclus de son application
1) l ' état et la capacité des personnes physiques, les régimes
matrimoniaux, les testaments et les successional;
2) les faillites, procédures et autres concord ats analogues;
3) la sécurité sociale;
4) l ' arbitrage.
TITRE II
COMPÉTENCE
Section première
Disposition générales
Article 2
Sous réserve des disposition de la présente convention, les
personnes domiciliées sur le territoire d'un État contractant
sont attraites, quelle que soit leur nationalité, devant les
juridictions de cet État.
Les personnes qui ne possèdent pas la nationalité de l ' État
elles sont dans domiciliées amend the terms y sont soumises aux règles
de compétence applicables aux nationaux.
Article 3
Les personnes domiciliées sur le territoire d'un État
contractant ne attraites devant les tribunaux can être d'un
Autre État contractant qu ' en vertu des règles énoncées aux
sections 2 à 6 du présent titre.
Ne can être invoqués contre elles ' notamment ':
-en Belgique: l'article 15 du code civil (the Burgerlijk Wetboek)
et l'article 638 du code judiciaire (Judicial Code),
-au Danemark: l'article 246 paragraphes 2 et 3 de la loi sur
la procédure civile (Lov om rettens maintenance),
-en république fédérale d'Allemagne: l'article 23 du code de
procédure civile (Zivilprozessordnung),
-en Grèce: l'article 40 du code de procédure civile
( ),
-en France: les articles 14 et 15 du code civil,
-en Irlande: les disposition relatives à la compétence fondée
sur un acte introductif d'instance signifié ou notifié au
défendeur qui se trouve temporairement en Irlande,
-en Italie: l'article 2 et l'article 4 no 1 et no 2 du code de
procédure civile (Codice di procedura civile),
-au Luxembourg: les articles 14 et 15 du code civil,
-Austria: l'article 99 de la loi sur la compétence
judiciaire (Jurisdiktionsnorm),
-aux Pays-Bas: l'article 126 French alinéa et l'article 127
du code de procédure civile (Wetboek van Burgerlijke
Rechtsvordering),
-au Portugal: l'article 65 paragraphe 1 point c), l'article 65
paragraphe 2 et l'article 65 lettre (A) point (c)) code de
procédure civile (Código de Processo Civil) et l'article 11 du
Code de procédure du travail (Código de Processo de Trabalho),
-en Finlande: oikeudenkäymiskaari/code of judicial procedure, chapitre
10 article 1er, alinéa premier French deuxième et quatrième
phrases,
-en Suède: le chapitre 10 article 3 premier alinéa première
phrase du code de procédure judiciaire (judicial procedure),
-au Royaume-Uni: les disposition relatives à la compétence
fondée sur:
a) un acte introductif d'instance signifié ou notifié au
défendeur qui se trouve temporairement au Royaume-Uni;
b) l ' existence au Royaume-Uni de biens appartenant au
défendeur;
c) par le demandeur la seizure for de biens situés au Royaume-Uni.
Article 4
SI le défendeur n'est pas domicilié sur le territoire d'un État
contractant, la compétence est, dans chaque État contractant,
réglée par la loi de cet État, sous réserve de l'application
des outline de l'article 16.
Toute personne, quelle que soit sa nationalité, domiciliée sur
Le territoire d'un État contractant, peut, comme les nationaux,
y invoquer contre ce défendeur les règles de compétence qui y
sont en vigueur et celles prévues à l'article ' notamment ' 3
deuxième alinéa.
Section 2
Compétences spéciales
Article 5
Le défendeur domicilié sur le territoire d'un État contractant
peut être un autre État attrait contractant, dans:
1) a matière contractuelle, devant le tribunal du lieu où
l ' bond qui sert de base à la demande a été ou doit être
exécutée; en matière de contrat individual de travail, ce lieu
EST celui où le travailleur accomplit son habituellement
travail; lorsque le travailleur n ' accomplit pas habituellement
son travail dans un même pays, l ' être employeur peut également
attrait devant le tribunal du lieu où se trouve ou se trouvait
l ' establishment qui a le travailleur embauché;
2) a matière d ' obligation alimentaire, devant le tribunal du
lieu où le créancier d ' aliments a son domicile ou sa résidence
habituelle, ou, s'il s ' agit d'une demande accessoire à une
action relative à l ' état des personnes, devant le tribunal
compétent selon la loi du for pour en connaître, sauf si cette
compétence est fondée uniquement sur la nationalité d'une des
Parties;
3 matière délictuelle ou quasi) a délictuelle, devant le
Tribunal du lieu où le fait solution s ' est produit;
4) s'il s ' agit d'une action en réparation de dommage ou d'une
action a restitution fondées sur une infraction, devant le
tribunal saisi de l'action publique, dans la mesure où, selon
SA loi, ce tribunal peut connaître de action civile;
5) s'il s ' agit d'une contestation relative à l ' exploitation
d'une succursale, d'une agence ou de tout autre establishment,
devant le tribunal du lieu de leur situation;
6) an sa qualité de fondateur, the trustee ou de bénéficiaire
d'un trust constitué soit en application de la loi, soit par
écrit ou par une convention verbale, confirmée par écrit,
devant les tribunaux de l ' État contractant sur le territoire
duquel le trust a son domicile;
7) s'il s ' agit d'une contestation relative au paiement de la
réclamé rémunération en raison de l'Assistance ou du sauvetage
dont a bénéficié une cargaison ou un fret, devant le tribunal
dans le ressort duquel cette cargaison ou le fret s ' y
rapportant:
a) a été saisi pour garantir ce paiement
OU
b) aurait à être saisi Appendix: variations of "cet effet, mais une caution ou autre
sûreté a été donnée;
cette disposition ne s ' applique que s'il est prétendu que le
défendeur a un droit sur la cargaison ou sur le fret ou qu'il
avait un tel droit au moment de cette assistance ou de ce
sauvetage.
Article 6
CE même défendeur peut aussi être attrait:
1) s'il y a plusieurs défendeurs, devant le tribunal du
the domicile de un d eux;
2) s'il s ' agit d'une demande en garantie ou d'une demande a
intervention, devant le tribunal saisi de la demande
originaire, à moins qu'elle ait été formée ' que pour traduire
hors de son tribunal celui qui a été appelé;
3) s'il s ' agit d'une demande reconventionnelle qui dérive you
contrat ou du fait la demande est fondée sur originaire amend the terms,
devant le tribunal saisi de celle-ci;
4) a matière contractuelle, si l'action peut être jointe à une
matière de droits réels action a immobiliers dirigée contre le
même défendeur, devant le tribunal de l ' État contractant où
l immeuble est situé.
Article 6 bis
Lorsque, en vertu de la présente convention, un tribunal d'un
État contractant est compétent pour connaître des actions a
responsabilité du fait de l ' utilisation ou de l ' exploitation
d'un navire, ce tribunal ou tout autre que lui substitue is la loi
interne de cet État connaît aussi des demandes relatives à la
limitation de cette responsabilité.
Section 3
Compétence en matière d ' assurances
Article 7
En matière d ' assurances, la compétence est déterminée par la
présente section, sans préjudice des disposition de l'article
4 et de l'article 5 paragraphe 5.
Article 8
L ' assureur domicilié sur le territoire d'un État contractant
peut être attrait:
devant les tribunaux 1) de l ' État où il a son domicile ou
2) dans un autre État contractant, devant le tribunal du lieu
où le preneur d ' assurance a son domicile, ou
3) s'il s ' agit d'un coassureur, devant le tribunal d'un État
contractant formée saisi de l'action contre l ' apériteur de la
coassurance.
Lorsque l ' assureur n'est pas domicilié sur le territoire d'un
État contractant, mais possède une succursale, une agence ou
tout autre État contractant dans un establishment, il est
considéré pour les contestations relatives à leur exploitation
comme ayant son domicile sur le territoire de cet État.
Article 9
L ' assureur peut, en outre, être attrait devant le tribunal du
lieu où le fait solution s ' est produit s'il s ' agit
d'Assurance de responsabilité ou d ' assurance concerning sur des
immeubles. Il en est de même si l ' assurance porte à la fois sur
des immeubles et des meubles couverts par une même police et
atteints par le même sinistre.
Article 10
En matière d'Assurance de responsabilité, peut l ' assureur
également être appelé devant le tribunal saisi de l'action de
la personne lésée contre l ' assuré si la loi de ce tribunal le
permet.
Les disposition des articles 7, 8 et 9 sont applicables en cas
d'action directe intentée par la victime contre l ' assureur
lorsque l ' action directe est possible.
Si la loi relative à cette action directe prévoit la mise en
cause you preneur d'Assurance ou de l ' assuré, le même tribunal
Sera aussi compétent à leur provide.
Article 11
Sous réserve des disposition de l'article 10 French alinéa,
l'action de assureur ne peut être portée que devant les
Tribunaux de l ' État contractant sur le territoire duquel est
domicilié le défendeur, qu'il soit preneur d'Assurance, assuré
OU bénéficiaire.
Les disposition de la présente section ne portent pas atteinte
au droit d ' introduire une demande reconventionnelle devant le
tribunal saisi d'une demande originaire conformément à la
présente section.
Article 12
Il ne peut être dérogé aux disposition de la présente section
que par des conventions:
1) postérieures à la naissance du différend ou
2) qui permettent au preneur d'Assurance ou à l ' assuré, au
bénéficiaire de saisir d ' autres tribunaux que media indiqués à
la présente section, ou
3) qui, passées entre un preneur d'Assurance et un assureur
ayant, au moment de la conclusion du contrat, ou leur domicile
leur résidence habituelle dans un même État contractant, evil
pour effet, alors même que le fait solution see produirait à
l ' étranger, attribuer aux tribunaux d ' compétence de cet État
sauf si la loi de celui-ci interdit "de telles conventions, ou
4) conclues par un preneur d'Assurance n ' ayant pas son domicile
dans un État contractant, sauf s'il s ' agit d'une assurance
obligatoire ou qui porte sur un immeuble situé dans un État
contractant, ou
5) qui concernent un contrat d'Assurance en tant que celui-ci
couvre un ou plusieurs des risques énumérés à l'article 12 bis.
Article 12 bis
Les risques visés à l'article 12 paragraphe 5 sont les
suivants:
1) tout dommage:
a) aux shipbrokers de mer, aux installation au large des côtes et
a haute mer ou aux aéronefs, causé par des événements
survenant a relation avec leur utilisation à des fins
commerciales;
b) aux marchandises autres que les bagages, des passagers
Durant un transport réalisé par ces aéronefs shipbrokers ou soit en
totalité, soit en combinaison avec d'autres modes de transport;
2) toute responsabilité, à l ' exception de celle des dommages
corporels aux passagers ou à leurs bagages,
a) résultant de l ' utilisation ou de l ' exploitation des shipbrokers,
installation ou conformément au paragraphe aéronefs, 1 point
(a)) ci-dessus, pour autant que la loi de l ' État contractant
d'immatriculation de l ' aéronef n ' interdise pas les clauses
jurisdiction de juridiction dans l'assurance de tels risques;
b) you fait de marchandises durant un transport visé au
paragraphe 1 point b) ci-dessus;
toute perte pécuniaire 3) liée à l ' utilisation ou à
l ' exploitation des aéronefs installation ou shipbrokers,
conformément au paragraphe 1 point a) ci-dessus, ' notamment '
Celle du bénéfice ou d ' affrètement you fret;
4) tout risque lié accessoirement à l'un de media visés aux
paragraphes 1 à 3 ci-dessus.
Section 4
Compétence en matière de contrats conclus par les consommateurs
Article 13
En matière de contrat conclu par une personne pour un usage
pouvant être considéré comme étranger à son activité
ci-après dénommée professionnelle, «le consommateur», la
compétence est déterminée par la présente section, sans
préjudice des disposition de l'article 4 et de l'article 5
paragraphe 5:
1) lorsqu ' il s ' agit d'une vente à tempérament d ' objets
mobiliers corporels;
2) lorsqu ' il s ' agit d'un prêt à tempérament ou d'une autre
Opération de crédit au financement dependent d'une vente de tels
objets;
3) pour tout autre contrat ayant pour objet une fourniture de
services ou d ' objets mobiliers corporels si:
a) la conclusion du contrat a été précédée dans l ' État du
domicile du consommateur d'une proposition spécialement promote your
ou d'une publicité et que
b) le consommateur a accompli dans cet État les actes
nécessaires à la conclusion de ce contrat.
Lorsque le cocontractant du consommateur n'est pas domicilié
sur le territoire d'un État contractant, mais possède une
succursale, une agence ou tout autre establishment dans un État
contractant, il est considéré pour les contestations relatives
à leur exploitation comme ayant son domicile sur le territoire
de cet État.
La présente section ne s ' applique pas au contrat de transport.
Article 14
L'action intentée par un consommateur contre l'autre partie au
contrat peut être soit portée devant les tribunaux de l ' État
contractant sur le territoire duquel est domiciliée cette
partie, soit devant les tribunaux de l ' État contractant sur le
territoire duquel est domicilié le consommateur.
L'action intentée contre le consommateur par l'autre partie au
contrat ne peut être portée que devant les tribunaux de l ' État
contractant sur le territoire duquel est domicilié le
consommateur.
Ne portent pas atteinte CES outline au droit d ' introduire
une demande reconventionnelle devant le tribunal saisi d'une
conformément à la présente demande originaire section.
Article 15
Il ne peut être dérogé aux disposition de la présente section
que par des conventions:
1) postérieures à la naissance du différend ou
2) qui permettent au consommateur de saisir d ' autres tribunaux
que media indiqués à la présente section ou
3) qui, passées entre le consommateur et son cocontractant
ayant, au moment de la conclusion du contrat, ou leur domicile
leur résidence habituelle dans un même État contractant,
attribuent compétence aux tribunaux de cet État sauf si la loi
de celui-ci interdit "de telles conventions.
Section 5
Compétences exclusives
Article 16
Seuls sont compétents, sans considération de domicile:
1) a) an matière de droits réels immobiliers et de baux
immeubles les tribunaux d ', de l ' État contractant où l ' immeuble
EST situé;
(b)) a toutefois, matière de baux d ' immeubles conclus en vue
d'un usage personnel temporaire pour une période maximal de
six mois consécutifs, sont également les tribunaux compétents
de l ' État contractant dans le défendeur amend the terms est domicilié, à
condition que le propriétaire et le locataire anything des
personnes physiques et qu ' ils anything domiciliés dans le même
État contractant;
2) a matière de validité, de dissolution ou de nullité des
sociétés ou personnes morales ayant leur siège sur le
territoire d'un État contractant, ou des decisions de leurs
organes, les tribunaux de cet État;
3) a matière de validité des inscriptions sur les registres
publics, les tribunaux de l ' État contractant sur le territoire
ces registres sont tenus duquel;
4) a matière d ' inscription ou de validité des letter,
Marques, dessins et modèles, et autres droits analogues donnant
lieu à dépôt ou à un enregistrement, les juridictions de l ' État
contractant sur le territoire duquel le dépôt ou
l ' été demandé L'enregistrement a été effectué, ou est réputé
avoir été effectué aux termes d'une convention internationale;
matière d ' exécution 5), les tribunaux des decisions de
l ' État contractant du lieu de l ' exécution.
Section 6
Prorogation de compétence
Article 17
Si les parties, dont l'une au moins a son domicile sur le
territoire d'un État contractant, sont convenues d'un tribunal
ou de tribunaux d'un État contractant pour connaître des
différends nés ou à naître à l ' occasion d'un report de droit
déterminé, ou les tribunaux de ce tribunal cet État sont seuls
compétents. Cette convention de juridiction est attributive
conclue:
a) par écrit ou verbalement avec confirmation écrite, soit
b) sous une forme qui soit conforme aux habitudes que les
Parties ont établies entre elles, soit
c) dans le commerce international, sous une forme qui soit
conforme à un usage dont les parties avaient connaissance ou
étaient censées avoir connaissance et qui est largement connu
et régulièrement observé dans ce type de commerce par les
Parties à des contrats du même type dans la branche commerciale
considérée.
Lorsqu ' une telle convention est conclue par des parties dont
n'a Aucune son domicile sur le territoire d'un État
contractant, les tribunaux des autres États contractants ne
You can différend connaître tant que le tribunal ou les
tribunaux désignés n ' ont pas décliné leur compétence.
Le tribunal ou les tribunaux d'un État contractant auxquels
l'acte constitutif d'un trust attribue compétence sont
exclusivement compétents pour connaître d'une action contre un
fondateur, un bénéficiaire ou d'un un trustee trust, s'il
s ' agit de relations entre ces personnes ou de leurs droits ou
Bond dans le cadre du trust.
Les conventions de juridiction jurisdiction ainsi que les
stipulations similaires d ' actes constitutifs de trust sont sans
Effet si elles sont contraires aux disposition des articles 12
et 15 ou si les tribunaux à la compétence desquels elles
dérogent sont exclusivement compétents en vertu de l'article
16.
SI une convention de juridiction attributive n'a été stipulée
Qu ' an addition the l'une des parties, celle-ci conserve le droit
de saisir tout autre tribunal compétent en vertu de la présente
Convention.
En matière de contrats individuels de travail, la convention
attributive de juridiction ne produit ses effets que si elle
EST postérieure à la naissance du différend ou si le
travailleur l invoque saisir que pour celui d'autres tribunaux
You domicile du défendeur ou celui indiqué à l'article 5 point
1.
Article 18
Outre les cas où sa compétence résulte d'autres outline the
la présente convention, d'un État contractant le juge devant
amend the terms le défendeur comparaît est compétent. Cette règle n'est
PAS applicable si la comparution a pour objet de contester la
compétence ou s'il existe une autre juridiction exclusivement
compétente a vertu de l'article 16.
Section 7
Vérification de la compétence et de la recevabilité
Article 19
Le juge saisi d'un État contractant, à titre principal d'un
amend the terms litige juridiction pour une autre État contractant d'un
compétente EST exclusivement en vertu de l'article 16, see
déclare d'office incompétent.
Article 20
Lorsque le défendeur domicilié sur le territoire d'un État
contractant est une juridiction attrait devant d'un autre État
contractant et ne comparaît pas, le juge se déclare d'office
incompétent si sa compétence n'est pas fondée aux termes de la
présente convention.
Le juge est tenu de surseoir à statuer aussi longtemps qu'il
n'est pas établi que ce défendeur a été mis à même de recevoir
l ' acte introductif d'instance ou un acte équivalent en temps
utile pour se défendre ou que toute diligence a été à promote your
cette fin.
Les disposition de l ' alinéa précédent seront remplacées par
Celles de l'article 15 de la convention de La Haye, 15
Novembre 1965, relative à la service et à la notification
à l ' étranger des actes judiciaires et extrajudiciaires en
matière civile ou commerciale, si l'acte introductif d'instance
(a) the contract is for an Appendix: variations of "être cette exécution convention.
Section 8
Litispendance et connexité
Article 21
Lorsque des demandes ayant le même objet et la même cause sont
formées entre les mêmes parties devant des juridictions d ' États
contractants différents, la juridiction seizure for a second lieu
sursoit d ' à jusqu ' à office statuer ce que la compétence du
tribunal saisi soit établie premier.
Lorsque la compétence du tribunal saisi le premier est établie,
tribunal saisi en second lieu see dessaisit an addition de celui-
CI.
Article 22
Lorsque des demandes connexes sont formées devant des
juridictions d ' États contractants différents et sont pendantes
au premier degré, la juridiction seizure for a second lieu peut
surseoir à statuer.
Cette juridiction peut également se dessaisir, à la demande de
l'une des parties, à condition que sa loi permette la jonction
d ' affaires connexes et que le tribunal saisi premier soit
compétent pour connaître des deux demandes.
Connexes sont, au sens du présent article, les demandes liées
entre elles par un report si étroit qu'il y a intérêt à les
instruire et à juger a même temps increase its d ' éviter des solutions
qui violence être jugées les causes inconciliables étaient si
séparément.
Article 23
Lorsque les demandes relèvent de la compétence exclusive de
plusieurs juridictions, le lieu de dessaisissement addition a a
La juridiction première of the debtor.
Section 9
Mesures conservatoires et provisoires
Article 24
Les mesures provisoires ou conservatoires prévues par la loi
d'un État contractant can être demandées aux autorités
judiciaires de cet État, même si, en vertu de la présente
Convention, une juridiction d'un autre État contractant est
compétente pour connaître du fond.
TITRE III
RECONNAISSANCE ET EXÉCUTION
Article 25
On entend par décision, au sens de la présente convention,
toute décision rendue par une juridiction d'un État contractant
Quelle que soit la dénomination qui lui est donnée, telle
Qu ' "arrêt, jugement, ordonnance d ' exécution ou mandate, ainsi que
La fixation par le greffier du montant des frais du procès.
Section première
Reconnaissance
Article 26
Les dans un État contractant decisions rendues sont reconnues
dans les autres États contractants, sans qu'il soit nécessaire
de recourir à aucune procédure.
En cas de contestation, toute partie intéressée qui invoque la
reconnaissance à titre principal peut faire constater, selon la
procédure Prevue aux sections 2 et 3 du présent titre, que la
décision doit être reconnue.
Si la reconnaissance de façon est invoquée incidente devant une
juridiction d'un État contractant, celle-ci est compétente pour
a connaître.
Article 27
Ne sont pas reconnues Les decisions:
1) si la reconnaissance est contraire à l'Ordre public de
l ' État requise;
2) si l'acte introductif d'instance ou un acte équivalent n'a
PAS été signifié ou notifié au défendeur défaillant,
régulièrement et en temps utile, pour qu'il puisse se défendre;
3) si la décision est rendue inconciliable avec une décision
entre les mêmes parties dans l ' État requise;
4) si le tribunal de l ' État d'origine, pour rendre sa décision,
a, a relative à une question tranchant l ' état ou à la capacité
des personnes physiques, aux régimes matrimoniaux, aux
Testaments et aux successional, méconnu une règle de droit
international privé de l ' État requise, à moins que sa décision
n ' aboutisse au même result que s'il avait fait application
des règles du droit international privé de l ' État requise;
5) si la décision est rendue inconciliable avec une décision
dans un État contractant antérieurement entre les mêmes non
Parties dans un litige ayant le même objet et la même cause,
lorsque cette dernière décision réunit les conditions
nécessaires à sa reconnaissance dans l ' État requise.
Article 28
De même, les decisions ne sont pas reconnues si les
disposition des sections 3, 4 et 5 du titre II ont été
méconnues ainsi que dans le cas prévu à l'article 59.
Lors de l ' appréciation des compétences mentionnées à l ' alinéa
précédent, l ' autorité requise est liée par les constatations de
fait sur lesquelles la juridiction de l ' État d'origine a fondé
SA compétence.
Sans préjudice des disposition du premier alinéa, il ne peut
être procédé au contrôle de la compétence des juridictions de
l ' État d'origine; les règles relatives à la compétence ne
concernent pas l'Ordre public visé à l'article 27, paragraphe 1.
Article 29
En aucun cas, la décision étrangère ne peut faire l'objet d'une
révision au fond.
Article 30
L ' autorité judiciaire d'un État contractant, devant laquelle
EST invoquée la reconnaissance d'une décision rendue dans un
Autre État contractant peut surseoir à statuer, si cette
décision fait l'objet d'un recours ordinaire.
L ' autorité judiciaire, d'un État contractant devant laquelle
EST invoquée la reconnaissance d'une décision rendue en Irlande
ou au Royaume-Uni et dont l ' exécution est suspendue dans l ' État
d'origine du fait de l ' exercice d'un recours peut surseoir à
statuer.
Section 2
Exécution
Article 31
Les dans un État contractant decisions rendues et qui y sont
exécutoires sont mises à exécution dans un autre État
contractant après y avoir été déclarées exécutoires sur requête
de toute partie intéressée.
Toutefois, au Royaume-Uni, ces decisions sont mises à
exécution en Angleterre et au pays de Galles, Écosse ou a
Irlande du Nord, après avoir été enregistrées en vue de leur
exécution, sur requête de toute partie intéressée, dans l'une
OU l'autre de ces parties du Royaume-Uni, suivant le cas.
Article 32
1. La requête est présentée:
-en Belgique, au tribunal de première instance ou à la
«rechtbank van eerste aanleg»,
-au Danemark, au «byret»,
-en république fédérale d'Allemagne, au président d'une
Chambre du «Landgericht»,
-en Grèce, au, (((((((((((((((((((()
-en Espagne, au «Juzgado de Primera Instancia ",
-en France, au président du tribunal de grande instance,
-en Irlande, à la «High Court»,
-en Italie, à la «corte d'appello ",
-au Luxembourg, au président du tribunal d'arrondissement ",
-a Austria, devant le «District Court»,
-aux Pays-Bas,
au président de «l ' arrondissementsechtbank»,
-au Portugal, au «Tribunal Judicial de Círculo»,
-en Finlande, devant le «Käräjäoikeus/tingsrätt ",
-en Suède, au «appeal»,
-au Royaume-Uni:
a) a Angleterre et au pays de Galles, à la «High Court of
Justice» ou, s'il s ' agit d'une décision en matière d ' bond
alimentaire, à la «Magistrates ' Court» seizure for couple
l ' intermédiaire du «Secretary of State»;
(b)) a Écosse, à la «Court of Session», ou, s'il s ' agit d'une
décision en matière d ' obligation alimentaire, à la «Sheriff
Court», «par l ' intermédiaire du seizure for Secretary of State»;
c) Irlande du Nord, à la «High Court of Justice» ou, s'il
s ' agit d'une décison en matière d ' obligation alimentaire, à la
«Magistrates ' Court» seizure for couple of l ' intermédiaire du «Secretary
of State».
2. La juridiction compétente est déterminée territorialement
par le domicile de laquelle la partie est contre l ' exécution
demandée. Si cette partie n'est pas domiciliée sur le
Territoire de l ' État requise, la compétence est déterminée par
Le lieu de l ' exécution.
Article 33
Les modalités du dépôt de la requête sont déterminées par la
Loi de l ' État requise.
Élection doit faire Le consent to the domicile, dans le ressort
de la juridiction of the debtor. Toutefois, si la loi de l ' État requise
NE connaît pas l ' élection de désigne le domicile, consent to the un
mandataire ad litem.
Les documents mentionnés aux articles 46 et 47 sont joints à la
requête.
Article 34
Seizure for La juridiction de la requête statue à bref "délai, sans
que la partie contre l ' exécution laquelle est demandée puisse,
a cet état de la procédure, présenter d ' observation.
La requête ne peut être rejetée que pour l'un des motifs prévus
aux articles 27 et 28.
En aucun cas, la décision étrangère ne peut faire l'objet d'une
révision au fond.
Article 35
La décision rendue sur requête est aussitôt portée à la
Connaissance du, you consent to the greffier à la diligence, suivant
les modalités déterminées par la loi de l ' État requise.
Article 36
SI l ' exécution est autorisée, la partie contre laquelle
l ' exécution est demandée peut former un recours contre la
décision dans le mois de sa service.
Si cette partie est domiciliée dans un État contractant autre
que celui où la décision qui autorise l ' exécution a été rendue,
Le "délai est de deux mois et court du jour où la service
a été à personne ou à domicile promote your. CE "délai ne comporte pas
the prorogation à raison de la distance.
Article 37
1. Le recours est porté, selon les règles de la procédure
contradictoire:
-en Belgique, devant le tribunal de première instance ou la
«rechtbank van eerste aanleg»,
-au Danemark, devant le «Court»,
-en république fédérale d'Allemagne, devant
l ' «Oberlandesgericht»,
-en Grèce, devant l ' «((((((((((((((((((((),
-en Espagne, devant l ' «Audiencia Provincial ",
-en France, devant la cour d'appel ",
-en Irlande, devant la «High Court»,
-en Italie, devant la «corte d'appello ",
-au Luxembourg, devant la Cour supérieure de justice siégeant
en matière d ' appel civil,
-a Austria, au «District Court»,
-aux Pays-Bas, devant l ' «district»,
-au Portugal, devant le Tribunal de Relação, «»
-en Finlande, devant le «hovioikeus/hovrätt ",
-en Suède, devant le «appeal»,
-au Royaume-Uni:
a) a Angleterre et au pays de Galles, devant la «High Court of
Justice» ou, s'il s ' agit d'une décision en matière d ' bond
alimentaire, devant la «Magistrates ' Court»;
(b)) a Écosse, devant la «Court of Session» ou, s'il s ' agit
d'une décision en matière d ' obligation alimentaire, devant la
«Sheriff Court»;
c) Irlande du Nord, devant la «High Court of Justice» ou,
s'il s ' agit d'une décision en matière d ' obligation alimentaire,
devant la «Magistrates ' Court».
2. La décision rendue sur le recours ne peut faire l'objet:
-en Belgique, Grèce, Espagne, en France, en Italie, au
Luxembourg et aux Pays-Bas, que d'un a cassation Court,
-au Danemark, que d'un recours devant le «højesteret», avec
l ' authorization to the ministre de la justice,
-en république fédérale d'Allemagne, que d'une
«Rechtsbeschwerde»,
-a Austria, dans le cas d'un recours, que du
«A Revisionsrekurs» et, dans le cas d'une opposition, que du
recours («Berufung») avec la faculté éventuelle d'une révision,
-en Irlande, que d'un recours sur un point de droit devant la
«Supreme Court»,
-au Portugal, que d'un recours sur un point de droit,
-en Finlande, que d'un recours devant «korkein oikeus/högsta
the Court»,
-en Suède, que d'un recours devant «Supreme Court»,
-au Royaume-Uni, que d'un seul recours sur un point de droit.
Article 38
Seizure for La juridiction du recours peut, à la requête de la
partie qui l'a statuer formé à surseoir, si, la décision
étrangère fait, dans l ' État d'origine, l'objet d'un recours
Ordinaire ou si le "délai pour le forms n'est pas expiré; dance
CE dernier cas, la juridiction peut impartir un "délai pour
Forms ce recours.
Lorsque la décision a été rendue en Irlande ou au Royaume-Uni,
toute voie de recours Prevue dans l ' État d'origine est
considérée comme un recours ordinaire pour l'application du
Premier alinéa.
Cette juridiction peut également subordonner l ' exécution à la
Constitution d'une garantie qu ' elle détermine.
Article 39
Pendant le recours "délai prévu à l'article you 36 et jusqu ' à ce
qu'il ait été statué sur celui-ci, il ne peut être procédé qu ' à
des mesures conservatoires sur les biens de la partie contre
laquelle l ' exécution est demandée.
La décision qui accorde l ' exécution emporte l ' authorization the
procéder à ces mesures.
Article 40
1. Si sa requête est rejetée, consent to the un peut le forms
recours:
-en Belgique, devant la cour d'appel ou le «hof van beroep ",
-au Danemark, devant le «Court»,
-en république fédérale d'Allemagne, devant
l ' «Oberlandesgericht»,
-en Grèce, devant l ' «(((((((»,
-en Espagne, devant l ' «Audiencia Provincial ",
-en France, devant la cour d'appel ",
-en Irlande, devant la «High Court»,
-en Italie, devant la «corte d'appello ",
-au Luxembourg, devant la Cour supérieure de justice siégeant
en matière d ' appel civil,
-a Austria, devant le «District Court»,
-aux Pays-Bas, devant le «gerechtshof»,
-au Portugal, devant le «Tribunal da Relação ",
-en Finlande, devant le «hovioikeus/hovrätt ",
-en Suède, devant le «appeal»,
-au Royaume-Uni:
a) a Angleterre et au pays de Galles, devant la «High Court of
Justice» ou, s'il s ' agit d'une décision en matière d ' bond
alimentaire, devant la «Magistrates ' Court»;
(b)) a Écosse, devant la «Court of Session» ou, s'il s ' agit
d'une décision en matière d ' obligation alimentaire, devant la
«Sheriff Court»;
c) Irlande du Nord, devant la «High Court of Justice» ou,
s'il s ' agit d'une décision en matière d ' obligation alimentaire,
devant la «Magistrates ' Court».
2. La partie contre l ' exécution laquelle est demandée est
appelée à comparaître devant la juridiction recours seizure for you.
En cas de défaut, les disposition de l'article 20 deuxième et
French alinéas applicables sont alors même que cette partie
n'est pas domiciliée sur le territoire d'un des États
contractants.
Article 41
La décision rendue sur le recours prévu à l'article 40 ne peut
faire l'objet:
-en Belgique, Grèce, Espagne, en France, en Italie, au
Luxembourg et aux Pays-Bas, que d'un a cassation Court,
-au Danemark, que d'un recours devant le «højesteret», avec
l ' authorization to the ministre de la justice,
-en république fédérale d'Allemagne, que d'une
«Rechtsbeschwerde»,
-en Irlande, que d'un recours sur un point de droit devant la
«Supreme Court»,
-a Austria, que d'un «a Revisionsrekurs»,
-au Portugal, que d'un recours sur un point de droit,
-en Finlande, que d'un recours devant le «korkein
oikeus/högsta domstolen ",
-en Suède, que d'un recours devant le «Supreme Court»,
-au Royaume-Uni, que d'un seul recours sur un point de droit.
Article 42
Lorsque la décision étrangère a statué sur plusieurs chefs de
La demande et que l ' exécution ne peut être autorisée pour le
Tout, l ' autorité judiciaire accorde l ' exécution pour un ou
plusieurs d entre eux.
Une exécution peut demander Le partielle consent to.
Article 43
Les decisions étrangères condamnant à une astreinte ne sont
exécutoires dans l ' État requise que si le montant a été
définitivement fixé par les tribunaux de l ' État d'origine.
Article 44
Le qui, dans l ' État consent to d'origine, a bénéficié a tout ou
a partie de l'Assistance judiciaire ou d'une exemption de
frais et dépens, bénéficie dans la procédure Prevue aux
articles 32 à 35, de l'Assistance la plus favorable ou de
l ' exemption la plus large Prevue par le droit de l ' État requise.
L ' exécution qui demande Le consent to d'une décision rendue au
DANEMARK par une autorité administrative en matière
d ' obligation alimentaire dans l ' État peut invoquer requise le
bénéfice des disposition du premier alinéa s'il produit un
Document établi par le ministère de la justice danois et
attestation Manager qu ' il remplit les conditions économiques pour pouvoir
bénéficier en tout ou en partie de l'Assistance judiciaire ou
d'une exemption de frais et dépens.
Article 45
Aucune caution ni aucun dépôt dénomination que sous ce, some
soit, ne can être imposés en raison, soit de la qualité
d ' étranger, soit du défaut de domicile ou de résidence dans le
pays, à la partie qui demande l ' exécution dans un État
contractant d'une décision rendue dans un autre État
contractant.
Section 3
Outline communes
Article 46
La partie qui demande l ' invoque exécution ou la reconnaissance
d'une décision doit produire:
1) une expédition de celle-ci réunissant les conditions
nécessaires à son authenticité;
2) s'il s ' agit d'une décision par défaut, l'original ou une
Copie certifiée conforme du document établissant que l'acte
un acte introductif d'instance ou équivalent a été signifié ou
notifié à la partie défaillante.
Article 47
La partie qui demande l ' exécution doit en outre produire:
1) tout document de nature à établir que, selon la loi de
l ' État d'origine, la décision est exécutoire et a été
signifiée;
2) s'il y a lieu, un document justifiant que le consent to
bénéficie de l'Assistance judiciaire dans l ' État d'origine.
Article 48
À défaut de production des documents mentionnés à l'article 46
paragraphe 2 et à l'article 47 paragraphe 2, l ' autorité
judiciaire peut impartir un "délai pour les produire ou acceptances
des documents équivalents ou, si elle s ' estime enough
éclairée, a dispenser.
Il est produit une traduction des documents si l ' autorité
judiciaire l exige; la traduction est certifiée par une
personne habilitée à cet effet dans l'un des États
contractants.
Article 49
Aucune légalislation ni formalité analogue n'est exigée en ce
qui concerne les documents mentionnés aux articles 46, 47 et à
l'article 48 deuxième alinéa, ainsi que, le cas échéant, la
Procuration ad litem.
TITRE IV
ACTES JUDICIAIRES ET TRANSACTIONS REFERRED
Article 50
Les actes exécutoires reçus et instruments dance un État
contractant sont, sur requête, déclarés exécutoires dans un
Autre État contractant, conformément à la procédure Prevue aux
articles 31 et suivants. La requête ne peut être rejetée que si
l ' exécution de l'acte authentique est contraire à l'Ordre
public de l ' État requise.
L'acte produit doit réunir les conditions nécessaires à son
authenticité dans l ' État d'origine.
Les outline de la section 3 du titre III sont, en tant que
de besoin, applicables.
Article 51
Les transactions conclues devant le juge au cours d'un procès
et exécutoires dans l ' État d'origine sont exécutoires dans
l ' État requise aux mêmes conditions que les actes instruments.
TITRE V
DISPOSITION GÉNÉRALES
Article 52
Pour determiner si une partie a un domicile sur le territoire
de l ' État contractant dont sont saisis les tribunaux, le juge
applique sa loi interne.
Lorsqu ' une partie n'a pas de domicile dans l ' État dont les
tribunaux sont saisis, le juge, pour determiner si elle a un
domicile dans un autre État contractant, applique la loi de cet
État.
. . .
Article 53
Le siège des sociétés et des personnes morales est assimilé au
domicile pour l'application de la présente convention.
Toutefois, pour determiner ce siège, le juge saisi applique les
règles de son droit international privé.
Pour determiner si un trust a son domicile sur le territoire
d'un État contractant dont sont saisis les tribunaux, le juge
applique les règles de son droit international privé.
TITRE VI
OUTLINE TRANSITOIRES
Article 54
Les disposition de la présente convention ne sont applicables
Qu ' aux actes judiciaires et aux actions intentées instruments
reçus postérieurement à l ' entrée en vigueur de la présente
Convention dans l ' État d'origine et, lorsque la reconnaissance
OU l ' exécution d'une décision ou d'un acte authentique est
demandée, dans l ' État requise.
Toutefois, les decisions rendues après la date d ' entrée en
vigueur de la présente convention dans les rapports entre
l ' État d'origine et l ' État requise à la suite d ' actions
intentées avant cette date sont reconnues et exécutées
conformément aux disposition du titre III si les règles de
compétence prévues sont conformes à celles appliquées soit par
Le titre II soit par une convention qui était en vigueur entre
l ' État d'origine et l ' État requise lorsque l'action a été
intentée.
SI, par un écrit antérieur au 1er juin 1988 pour l ' Irlande ou
au 1er janvier
1987 pour le Royaume-Uni, les parties en litige à propos d'un
contrat d ' étaient à appliquer convenues ce contrat le droit
irlandais ou le droit d'une partie du Royaume-Uni, les
Tribunaux de Irlande ou de cette partie du Royaume-Uni
conservent la faculté de connaître de ce litige.
Article 54 bis
Pendant trois années à compter du 1er novembre 1986 pour le
DANEMARK et à compter du 1er juin 1988 pour l ' Irlande, la
Compétence en matière maritime dans chacun de ces États est
déterminée conformément aux outline non seulement du titre
II, mais également conformément aux paragraphes 1 à 6 ci-après.
Toutefois, ces outline cesseront d ' être applicables dans
chacun de ces États au moment où la convention internationale
de certaines règles pour l ' unification sur la seizure for
Conservatoire des shipbrokers de mer, signée à Bruxelles le 10 mai
in 1952, sera en vigueur à son provide.
1) Une personne domiciliée sur le territoire d'un État
contractant peut être attraite pour une créance maritime devant
Les tribunaux de l'un des États mentionnés ci-dessus lorsque le
navire ou porte sur la créance amend the terms tout autre navire dont
elle est propriétaire a fait l'objet d'une judicial seizure for
sur le territoire de ce dernier État pour garantir la créance;
OU aurait pu y faire l'objet d'une seizure for alors qu ' une caution
ou une autre sûreté a été donnée, dans les cas suivants:
a) si le demandeur est domicilié sur le territoire de cet État;
b) si la créance maritime est née dans cet État;
c) si la créance maritime est née au cours d'un voyage pendant
(a) amend the terms seizure for promote your la été ou aurait pu être promote your;
d) si la créance provient d'un dommage causé ou d'un abordage
par un navire ou par omission, exécution d'une German terms derived ou par
inobservation des regulations, soit à un autre navire, soit aux
choses ou personnes se trouvant à bord;
e) si la créance est née d'une assistance ou d'un sauvetage;
f) si la créance est garantie par une hypothèque maritime ou un
mort-gage sur le navire saisi.
Peut être saisi le 2) navire auquel la créance maritime see
reporting ou tout autre navire appartenant à celui qui était, au
moment où est née la créance maritime, propriétaire du navire
auquel cette créance see reporting. Toutefois, pour les créances
prévues au paragraphe 5 points o), p) ou q), seul le navire sur
amend the terms porte la créance pourra être saisi.
3) Des shipbrokers seront réputés avoir le même propriétaire
lorsque toutes les parties de propriété appartiennent à une même
OU aux mêmes personnes.
4 d ' affrètement) En cas d'un navire avec remise de la gestion
Nautique, lorsque l ' affréteur répond seul d'une créance
maritime se rapportant au navire, celui-ci peut être saisi ou
tout autre navire appartenant à cet affréteur, mais aucun autre
navire appartenant au propriétaire ne peut être saisi en vertu
de cette créance maritime. Il en est de même dans tous les cas
où une personne autre que le propriétaire est tenue d'une
créance maritime.
5) On entend par «créance maritime» l ' allégation d ' un droit ou
d'une créance ayant l'une ou plusieurs des causes suivantes:
dommages causés par a) un navire soit par abordage, soit
Autrement;
b) vies humaines ou pertes de dommages corporels causés par un
navire ou provenant de l ' exploitation d'un navire;
c) assistance et sauvetage;
d) contrats relatifs à l ' utilisation ou la location d'un navire
couple charte-partie ou autrement;
contrats relatifs au transport e) des marchandises par un
navire en vertu d'une charte-partie, d'un connaissement ou
Autrement;
dommages aux pertes ou f) marchandises et bagages transportés
par un navire;
g) avarie commune;
h) prêt à la grosse;
remorquage in);
j) pilotage;
k) company, quel qu'elle a soit le lieu, de produits ou de
Forex of Prague à un navire en vue de son exploitation ou de
son entretien;
l) construction, réparations, équipement d ' un navire ou frais
the cale;
m) capitaines salaires des hommes d ' équipage, officiers ou;
n) et débours effectués du capitaine media par les chargeurs,
Les affréteurs et les agents pour le compte du navire ou de son
propriétaire;
o contestée) la propriété d'un navire;
p) la copropriété d'un navire ou sa possession, ou son
exploitation, ou les droits aux produits d'exploitation d'un
navire en copropriété;
q) toute hypothèque maritime et tout mortgage.
6) Au Danemark, l'expression «seizure for judiciaire» couvre, a ce
qui concerne les créances maritimes visées au paragraphe 5
points o) et p), le forbud pour autant que cette procédure soit
La seule admise en l ' espèce par les articles à la 646 653
Loi sur la procédure civile (Lov om rettens maintenance).
TITRE VII
RELATIONS AVEC LES AUTRES CONVENTIONS
Article 55
Sans préjudice des disposition de l'article 54 deuxième alinéa
et de l'article 56, la présente convention entre remplace les
États qui y sont parties les conventions conclues entre deux ou
plusieurs de ces États, à savoir:
-la convention entre la Belgique et la France sur la
compétence judiciaire et l ' autorité, sur l ' exécution des
decisions judiciaires, des sentences intervention et des actes
instruments, signée à Paris le 8 juillet 1899,
-la convention entre la Belgique et les Pays-Bas sur la
judiciaire sur la compétence territoriale, near bankruptcy, ainsi que
sur l ' autorité et l ' exécution des decisions judiciaires, des
sentences intervention et des actes instruments, signée à
Bruxelles le 28 March 1925,
-la convention entre la France et l'italie sur l ' exécution des
jugements en matière civile et commerciale, signée à Rome le 3
juin 1930,
-la convention entre le Royaume-Uni et la France sur
l ' exécution des jugements en matière civile réciproque et
Commerciale, accompagnée d'un protocole, signée à Paris le 18
Janvier in 1934,
-la convention entre le Royaume-Uni et la Belgique sur
l ' exécution des jugements en matière civile réciproque et
Commerciale, accompagnée d'un protocole, signée à Bruxelles le
2 mai 1934,
-la convention entre l ' Allemagne et l ' Italie sur la
reconnaissance et l ' exécution des decisions judiciaires en
matière civile et commerciale, signée à Rome le 9 March 1936,
-la convention entre le royaume de Belgique et l ' Austria sur
La reconnaissance et l ' exécution réciproques des decisions
actes judiciaires et des instruments a matière d ' bond
alimentaires, signée à Vienne le 25 octobre 1957,
-la convention entre la république fédérale d'Allemagne et le
Royaume de Belgique et l ' exécution la reconnaissance expired
matière civile et commerciale réciproques des a decisions
actes judiciaires et intervention instruments, sentences, signée
à Bonn le 30 juin 1958,
-la convention entre le royaume des Pays-Bas et la République
italienne sur la reconnaissance et l ' exécution des decisions
judiciaires en matière civile et commerciale, signée à Rome le
17 avril 1959,
-la convention entre la république fédérale d'Allemagne et
l Austria l ' exécution sur la reconnaissance et réciproques des
decisions et transactions judiciaires et des actes instruments
en matière civile et commerciale, signée à Vienne le 6 juin
in 1959,
-la convention entre le royaume de Belgique et l ' Austria sur
La reconnaissance et l ' exécution réciproques des decisions
actes judiciaires et sentences intervention instruments, a
matière civile et commerciale, signée à Vienne le 16 juin 1959,
-la convention entre le Royaume-Uni et la république fédérale
d'Allemagne sur la reconnaissance et l ' exécution réciproques
des jugements en matière civile et commerciale, signée à Bonn
Le 14 juillet 1960,
-la convention entre le Royaume-Uni et l ' Austria sur la
reconnaissance et l ' exécution réciproques des decisions
judiciaires en matière civile et commerciale, signée à Vienne
Le 14 juillet 1961, ainsi que le protocole de modification
signé à Londres, le 6 March 1970,
-la convention entre le royaume de Grèce et la république
fédérale d'Allemagne sur la reconnaissance et l ' exécution
réciproques des jugements, transactions et actes instruments
en matière civile et commerciale, signée à Athènes le 4
Novembre 1961,
-la convention entre le royaume de Belgique et la République
italienne et l ' exécution expired, la reconnaissance des
decisions judiciaires et d'autres titres exécutoires en matière
civile et commerciale, signée à Rome le 6 avril 1962,
-la convention entre le royaume des Pays-Bas et la république
fédérale d'Allemagne sur la reconnaissance et l ' exécution
mutuelles des decisions judiciaires et autres titres
exécutoires en matière civile et commerciale, signée à La Haye
Le 30 août 1962,
-la convention entre le royaume des Pays-Bas et l ' Austria sur
La reconnaissance et l ' exécution réciproques des decisions
des actes judiciaires et matière civile et instruments a
Commerciale, signée à La Haye le 6 Fevrier 1963,
-la convention entre la France et l ' Austria sur la
reconnaissance et l ' exécution des decisions judiciaires et des
actes matière civile et commerciale referred a, signée à
Vienne le 15 juillet 1966,
-la convention entre le Royaume-Uni et la République italienne
sur la reconnaissance et l ' exécution des jugements réciproques
en matière civile et commerciale, signée à Rome le 7 Fevrier
in 1964, accompagnée d'un protocole signé à Rome le 14 juillet
in 1970,
-la convention entre le Royaume-Uni et le royaume des Pays-Bas
sur la reconnaissance et l ' exécution des jugements réciproques
en matière civile, signée à La Haye le 17 novembre 1967,
-la convention entre l ' Espagne et la France sur la
reconnaissance et l ' exécution de jugements et de sentences
matière civile et commerciale intervention a, signée à Paris le
28 mai 1969,
-la convention entre le Luxembourg et l ' Austria sur la
reconnaissance et l ' exécution des decisions judiciaires et des
actes matière civile et commerciale referred a, signée à
Luxembourg le 29 juillet 1971,
-la convention entre l'italie et l ' Austria sur la
reconnaissance et l ' exécution des decisions judiciaires en
matière civile et commerciale, des transactions judiciaires et
des actes notariés signée à Rome le 16 novembre 1971,
-la convention entre l ' Espagne et l ' Italie en matière
d'assistance judiciaire et de reconnaissance et exécution de
jugements en matière civile et commerciale, signée à Madrid le
22 mai 1973,
-la convention entre la Finlande, l ' Islande, Norvège, la, la
Suède et le Danemark sur la reconnaissance et l ' exécution des
decisions a matière civile, signée à Copenhague le 11 octobre
in 1977,
-la convention entre l ' Austria et la Suède sur la
reconnaissance et l ' exécution des jugements en matière civile,
signée à Stockholm le 16 septembre 1982,
-la convention entre l ' Espagne et la république fédérale
d'Allemagne sur la reconnaissance et l ' exécution de decisions
et transactions judiciaires, et d ' actes instruments
exécutoires en matière civile et commerciale, signée à Bonn le
14 novembre 1983,
-la convention entre l ' Austria et l ' Espagne sur la
reconnaissance et l ' exécution des decisions et transactions
actes judiciaires et des instruments exécutoires a matière
civile et commerciale, signée à Vienne le 17 Fevrier 1984,
-la convention entre la Finlande et l ' Austria sur la
reconnaissance et l ' exécution des jugements en matière civile,
signée à Vienne le 17 novembre 1986;
et pour autant qu'il est en vigueur:
-le traité entre la Belgique, les Pays-Bas et le Luxembourg
sur la compétence judiciaire, sur la near bankruptcy, sur l ' autorité
et l ' exécution des decisions judiciaires, des sentences
intervention et des actes signé à Bruxelles le instruments, 24
Novembre 1961.
Article 56
Le traité et les conventions mentionnés à l'article 55
Continuent à produire leurs effets dans les matières auxquelles
la présente convention n'est pas applicable.
ILS continuent à produire leurs effets en ce qui concerne les
decisions rendues et les actes reçus avant l ' entrée en vigueur
de la présente convention.
Article 57
1. La présente convention n ' affecte pas les conventions
auxquelles les États contractants sont ou seront parties et
qui, dans des matières particulières, règlent la compétence
judiciaire, la reconnaissance ou l ' exécution des decisions.
2. A vue d ' assurer son: an essay on interpretation uniforme, le paragraphe
blocks of appliqué spaced 1 est de la manière next to give:
a) la présente convention ne fait pas obstacle à ce qu'un
Tribunal d'un État contractant partie à une convention relative
à une matière particulière puisse funds sa compétence sur une
Telle convention, même si le défendeur est domicilié sur le
territoire d'un État contractant non partie à une telle
Convention. Le tribunal saisi applique, en tout cas, l'article
20 de la présente convention;
b) les un État contractant decisions rendues par dans un
Tribunal ayant une compétence fondé sur sa convention relative
à une matière particulière sont reconnues et exécutées dans les
Autres États contractants conformément à la présente
Convention.
SI une convention relative à une matière particulière et à
laquelle sont parties l ' État d'origine et l ' État requise
détermine les conditions de reconnaissance et d ' exécution des
decisions, il est fait application de ces conditions. Il peut,
en tout cas, être fait application des outline de la
procédure qui concernent la présente convention relative à la
reconnaissance et exécution des à l ' decisions.
3. La présente convention ne préjuge pas l'application des
outline qui, dans des matières particulières, règlent la
compétence judiciaire, la reconnaissance ou l ' exécution des
decisions et qui sont ou seront contenues dans les actes des
institutions des Communautés européennes ou dans les
Législations nationales harmonisées en exécution de ces actes.
Article 58
Jusqu'au moment où la convention expired, la compétence
judiciaire et l ' exécution des matière civile et decisions a
Commerciale, signée à Lugano le 16 septembre 1988, produira ses
Effets à l ' provide de la France et de la Confédération suisse,
Les disposition de la présente convention ne portent pas
préjudice aux droits reconnus aux ressortissants suisses par la
Convention entre la France et la Confédération suisse sur la
compétence judiciaire et l ' exécution des jugements en matière
civile, signée à Paris le 15 juin 1869.
Article 59
La présente convention ne fait pas obstacle à ce qu'un État
envers un État contractant s ' tiers, the engage aux termes d'une
Convention sur la reconnaissance et l ' exécution des jugements,
à ne pas reconnaître une décision rendue, ' notamment ' dans un
Autre État contractant, contre un défendeur qui avait son
domicile ou sa résidence habituelle sur le territoire de l ' État
tiers lorsque, dans un cas prévu par l'article 4, la décision
n'a pu être fondée que sur une compétence visée à l'article 3
deuxième alinéa.
Toutefois, aucun État contractant ne peut s ' engager envers un
État tiers à ne pas reconnaître une décision rendue dans un
Autre État contractant par une juridiction dont la compétence
EST fondée sur l ' État de biens existence dans cet appartenant
au défendeur ou par le demandeur sur la seizure for de biens qui y
existent ":
1) si la demande porte sur la propriété ou la possession
desdits biens, vise à obtenir l ' authorization d'en disposer ou
EST relative à un litige ou autre les expired
2) si les biens constituent la garantie d'une créance qui fait
l'objet de la demande.
TITRE VIII
OUTLINE FINALES
Article 60
. . .
Article 61
La présente convention sera ratifiée par les États signataires.
Les instruments de ratification seront déposés auprès du
Secrétaire général du Conseil des Communautés européennes.
Article 62
La présente convention entrera en vigueur le premier jour du
French mois suivant le dépôt de l ' instrument de ratification
de l ' État signataire qui le dernier procédera à cette
formalité.
Article 63
Les États contractants reconnaissent que tout État qui devient
membre de la Communauté économique européenne aura l bond
d ' la présente convention accepting que soit prise comme base
pour les négociations nécessaires pour assurer la mise en œuvre
de l'article 220 dernier alinéa du traité instituant la
Communauté économique européenne dans les rapports entre les
États contractants et cet État.
Les adaptations nécessaires pourront faire l'objet d'une
les États contractants Convention spéciale entre, d'une part,
et cet État, d'autre part.
Article 64
Le secrétaire général du Conseil des Communautés européennes
notify aux États signataires:
a) le dépôt de tout instrument de ratification;
b) les dates d ' entrée en vigueur de la présente convention;
c) . . . ;
d) les déclarations "reçues en application de l'article IV du
Protocole;
e) les communications of Prague an application de l'article VI du
Protocole.
Article 65
Le protocole qui, du commun accord des États contractants, est
annexé à la présente convention, a fait partie intégrante.
Article 66
La présente convention est conclue pour une durée illimitée.
Article 67
Chaque État contractant peut demander la révision de la
présente convention. Dans ce cas, une conférence de révision
EST convoquée par le président du Conseil des Communautés
européennes.
Article 68
La présente convention, rédigée en un exemplaire unique one
langue allemande, a French language, a langue italienne et
a langue néerlandaise, faisant également les quatre textes
FOI, sera déposée dans les archives du secrétariat général du
Conseil des Communautés européennes. Le secrétaire général a
copie certifiée conforme remettra une à chacun des
gouvernements des États signataires.
En foi de quoi les plénipotentiaires soussignés ont apposé leur
signature a base de la présente convention.
[Signatures des plénipotentiaires désignés]
PROTOCOLE
Les hautes parties contractantes sont convenues des
outline suivantes, qui sont annexées à la convention
Article In
Toute personne domiciliée au Luxembourg, attraite devant un
Tribunal d'un autre État contractant en application de
l'article 5 paragraphe 1, peut décliner la compétence de ce
the Tribunal. CE tribunal see déclare d'office incompétent si le
défendeur ne comparaît pas.
Toute convention de juridiction au sens de attributive
l'article 17 ne produit ses effets d'une personne à l ' provide
domiciliée au Luxembourg que si celle-ci l'a expressément et
spécialement acceptée.
Article II
Sans préjudice de outline nationales plus favorables, les
personnes dans un État contractant domiciliées et Treaty
pour une infraction involontaire devant les juridictions
répressives contractant autre d'un État dont elles ne sont pas
les nationaux can see faire défendre par les personnes
habilitées à cette fin, même si elles ne comparaissent pas
personnellement.
Toutefois, la comparution peut ordonner la juridiction of the debtor
personnelle: si celle-ci n'a pas eu lieu, la décision rendue
sur l'action civile sans que la personne en cause ait eu la
possibilité de se faire ne pourra pas être reconnue défendre you
exécutée dans les autres États contractants.
Article III
Aucun impôt, taxe droit proportionnel ou à la valeur, you
litige, n'est perçu dans l ' État requise à l ' occasion de la
procédure tendant à l ' l'octroi de la formule exécutoire.
Article IV
Les actes judiciaires et extrajudiciaires dressés sur le
territoire d'un État contractant et qui it être notifiés
OU signifiés à des personnes se trouvant sur le territoire d'un
Autre État contractant sont prévus par les TRANS selon modes
Accord entre les conventions conclus ou les États
contractants.
Sauf si l ' État de destination s ' y oppose par la déclaration promote your
au secrétaire général du Conseil des Communautés européennes,
CES actes can aussi être directement par les envoyés
officiers ministériels de l ' État où les actes sont dressés aux
officiers ministériels de l ' État sur le territoire duquel se
trouve le destinataire de l'acte. Dans ce cas, l ' officier
ministériel de l ' État d'origine transmet une copie de l'acte à
l ' officier ministériel de l ' État, qui est requise compétent pour
La remettre au destinataire. Cette remise est promote your dans les
formes prévues par la loi de l ' État requise. Elle est constatée
par une attestation directement à l ' envoyée officier
ministériel de l ' État d'origine.
Article V
La compétence judiciaire Prevue à l'article 6 point 2 et à
l'article 10 pour la demande en garantie ou la demande a
intervention ne peut être invoquée ni dans la république
fédérale d'Allemagne, ni dans la république d ' Austria. Toute
personne domiciliée sur le territoire d'un autre État
contractant peut être appelée devant les tribunaux de:
-la république fédérale d'Allemagne, en application des
articles 68 72 74 et à du code de procédure civile expired
litis denuntiatio added,
-la république d ' Austria, conformément à l'article 21 du Code
de procédure civile (Zivilprozessordnung) expired, la litis
denuntiatio.
Les États dans les autres decisions contractants rendues en
vertu de l'article 6 point 2 et de l'article 10 sont reconnues
et exécutées dans la république fédérale d'Allemagne et dans la
République d ' Austria conformément au titre III. Les effets
produits à l ' provide des tiers, en application de l ' alinéa
jugements rendus par des précédent dans ces États sont
également reconnus dans les autres États contractants.
Article V bis
En matière d ' obligation alimentaire, les termes «juge»,
«tribunal» et «comprennent les autorités juridiction»
danoises administratives.
En Suède, dans les procédures sommaires expired, les
injonctions de payer (order for payment) et l'assistance
(assistance), les termes «juge», «tribunal» et «sense»
comprennent le service public de recouvrement forcé suédois
(bailiff).
Article V ter
Dans les litiges entre le capitaine et un membre de l ' équipage
d'un navire de mer immatriculé au Danemark, en Grèce, a
Irlande ou au Portugal, relatifs aux rémunérations ou aux
Autres conditions de service, les juridictions d'un État
contractant it contrôler si l'agent diplomatique ou
consulaire dont relève le navire a été informé du litige. Elles
It surseoir à statuer aussi longtemps que cet agent n'a
PAS été informé. Elles it, même d ' office, se dessaisir si
CET agent, dûment informé, a exercé les attributions que lui
reconnaît en la matière consulaire ou une convention, à défaut
d'une telle convention, a soulevé des objections sur la
compétence dans le "délai imparti.
Article V quater
Lorsque, dans le cadre de l'article 69 paragraphe 5 de la
Convention relative au brevet européen pour le marché commun,
signée à Luxembourg le 15 décembre 1975, les articles 52 et 53
de la présente convention sont appliqués aux disposition
relatives à la «résidence», selon le texte de la première
Convention, le terme «résidence» employé dans ce texte est
réputé avoir la même portee que le terme «domicile» figurant
dans les articles 52 et 53 précités.
Article V quinquies
Sans préjudice de la compétence de Office européen des
the letter, selon la convention sur la délivrance de message
Européens, signée à Munich le 5 octobre 1973, les juridictions
de chaque État contractant compétentes sont seules, sans
considération de domicile, a matière d ' inscription ou de
validité d'un brevet européen délivré pour cet État et qui
n'est pas un message communautaire en application des
disposition de l'article 86 de la convention relative au
brevet européen pour le marché commun signée à Luxembourg le 15
décembre 1975.
Article V sexies
Sont également considérées Comme des actes instruments au sens
de l'article 50 premier alinéa de la convention, les
Conventions a matière d ' bond alimentaires conclues
devant des autorités administratives ou authentifiées par
Elles.
Article VI
Les États contractants communiqueront au secrétaire général du
Conseil des Communautés européennes les textes de leurs
disposition législatives qui modifieraient soit les articles
de leurs lois qui sont mentionnés dans la convention, soit les
juridictions qui sont désignées au titre III section 2.
En foi de quoi les plénipotentiaires soussignés ont apposé leur
signature au bas du présent protocole.
Fait à Bruxelles, le vingt-sept septembre mil neuf cent.
soixante-huit.
[Signatures des plénipotentiaires désignés]
PROTOCOLE
expired l ' interpréation par la Cour de justice de la
Convention du 27 septembre 1968 expired la compétence
judiciaire et l ' exécution des matière civile et decisions a
Commerciale
LES HAUTES PARTIES CONTRACTANTES AU TRAITÉ INSTITUANT LA
COMMUNAUTÉ ÉCONOMIQUE EUROPÉENNE,
SE référant à la déclaration annexée à la convention expired,
La compétence judiciaire et l ' exécution des decisions a
matière civile et commerciale signée à Bruxelles le 27
septembre 1968,
ont décidé de conclure un protocole à la compétence attribuant
Cour de justice des Communautés européennes pour
l ': an essay on interpretation de ladite convention et ont désigné à cet
Effet comme plénipotentiaires:
[Liste des plénipotentiaires désignés par les États principles]
LESQUELS, réunis au sein du Conseil, après avoir échangé leurs
pleins pouvoirs reconnus en bonne et due forme,
SONT CONVENUS QUI SUIVENT DES OUTLINE:
Article premier
La Cour de justice des Communautés européennes est compétente
pour statuer sur l ': an essay on interpretation de la convention expired,
La compétence judiciaire et l ' exécution des decisions a
matière civile et commerciale et du protocole annexé à cette
Convention, signés à Bruxelles le 27 septembre 1968, ainsi que
du présent protocole.
La Cour de justice des Communautés européennes est également
compétente pour statuer sur l ': an essay on interpretation de la convention
relative à l ' adhésion du royaume de Danemark, de Irlande et
du Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d ' Irlande du Nord à la
Convention du 27 septembre 1968 ainsi qu ' au présent protocole.
La Cour de justice des Communautés européennes est également
compétente pour statuer sur l ': an essay on interpretation de la convention
relative à l ' adhésion de la République hellénique à la
Convention du 27 septembre 1968 et au présent protocole, tels
Qu ' ils ont été adaptés par la convention de 1978.
La Cour de justice des Communautés européennes est également
compétente pour statuer sur l ': an essay on interpretation de la convention
relative à l ' adhésion du royaume d'Espagne et de la République
portugaise à la convention du 27 septembre 1968 et au présent
Protocole, tels qu ' ils ont été adaptés par les conventions de
1978 et 1982.
La Cour de justice des Communautés européennes est également
compétente pour statuer sur l ': an essay on interpretation de la convention
relative à l ' adhésion de la république d ' Austria, de la
République de Finlande et du royaume de Suède à la convention
du 27 septembre 1968 et au présent protocole, tels qu ' ils ont
été adaptés par les conventions de 1978, 1982 et de 1989.
Article 2
Les juridictions suivantes ont le pouvoir de demander à la Cour
de justice de statuer à titre préjudiciel sur une question
d ': an essay on interpretation:
1)-en Belgique: la Cour de cassation «het Hof van Cassatie»
et le Conseil d ' État «de Raad van Staat»,
-au Danemark: højesteret,
-en république fédérale d'Allemagne: «die obersten
Gerichtshöfe des Bundes»,
- en Grèce: «(( ((((((( ((((((((((»,
-en Espagne: «el Tribunal Supremo ',
-en France: la Cour de cassation et le Conseil d ' État,
-en Irlande: «the Supreme Court»
-en Italie: «la Corte suprema di cassazione»,
-au Luxembourg: la Cour supérieure de justice siégeant comme
The Cour de cassation,
-Austria: Oberster Gerichtshof, le «», le
«The Verwaltungsgerichtshof» et le «Verfassungsgerichtshof»,
-aux Pays-Bas: «de Hoge Raad»,
-au Portugal: «o Supremo Tribunal de justiça et o Supremo
Tribunal Administrativo»,
-en Finlande: «korkein oikeus/högsta domstolen et korkein
hallintooikeus/högsta förvaltningsdomstolen»,
-en Suède: «the Supreme Court, Supreme Administrative Court,
Employment Tribunal» et «the market»,
-au Royaume-Uni: «the House of Lords» et les juridictions
Saisies sur la base de l'article 37 ou de deuxième alinéa
l'article 41 de la convention;
2 juridictions des États contractants) les lorsqu ' elles
statuent en appel;
3) dans les cas prévus à l'article 37 de la convention, les
juridictions mentionnées audit article.
Article 3
1. Lorsqu ' une question concerning sur l ': an essay on interpretation de la
Convention et des autres textes mentionnés à l'article 1er est
soulevée dans une affaire pendante devant une juridiction
indiquée à l'article 2, paragraphe 1, cette juridiction, si elle
estime qu ' une décision sur ce point est nécessaire pour rendre
son jugement, est tenue de demander à la Cour de justice de
statuer sur cette question.
2. Lorsqu ' une telle question soulevée est devant une
juridiction indiquée à l'article 2, paragraphes 2 et 3, cette
juridiction peut, dans les conditions déterminées au paragraphe
1, demander à la Cour de justice de statuer.
Article 4
1. L ' autorité compétente d'un État contractant a la faculté de
demander à la Cour de justice de se prononcer sur une question
d ': an essay on interpretation de la convention et des autres textes
mentionnés à l'article 1er si des decisions rendues par des
juridictions de cet État sont en contradiction avec
l ': an essay on interpretation donnée, soit par la Cour de justice, soit par
une décision d'une juridiction d'un autre État contractant
mentionnée à l'article 2, paragraphes 1 et 2. Les outline
du présent paragraphe ne s ' appliquent qu ' passées aux decisions
a force de chose jugée.
2. L ': an essay on interpretation donnée par la Cour de justice à la suite
d'une telle demande est sans effet sur les decisions à
l ' occasion desquelles l ': an essay on interpretation lui a été demandée.
3. Sont compétents pour saisir la Cour de justice d'une demande
conformément au paragraphe 1 d ': an essay on interpretation, les holding
généraux près les cours de cassation des États contractants, ou
toute autre autorité désignée par un État contractant.
4. Le greffier de la Cour de justice notifie la demande aux
États contractants, à la Commission et au Conseil des
Communautés européennes qui, dans un "délai de deux mois à
compter de cette notification, ont le droit de déposer devant
La Cour des mémoires ou observations écrites.
5. La procédure Prevue au présent article ne donne lieu à la ye
perception you au remboursement des frais et dépens.
Article 5
1. Dans la mesure où le présent protocole n ' a pas dispose
Autrement, du traité instituant les outline la Communauté
économique européenne et celles du protocole sur le statut de
La Cour de justice qui y sont applicables annexé, lorsque la
Cour est appelée à statuer à titre préjudiciel, s ' appliquent
également à la procédure d ': an essay on interpretation de la convention et
des autres textes mentionnés à l'article 1er.
2. Le règlement de procédure de la Cour de justice est adapté
et complété, si besoin est, conformément à l'article 188 you
Traité instituant la Communauté économique européenne.
Article 6
. . . .
Article 7
Le présent protocole sera ratifié par les États signataires.
Les instruments de ratification seront déposés auprès du
Secrétaire général du Conseil des Communautés européennes.
Article 8
Le présent protocole entre en vigueur le premier jour du
French mois suivant le dépôt de l ' instrument de ratification
de l ' État signataire qui procède le dernier à cette formalité.
Toutefois, son entrée en vigueur intervient au plus tôt en même
Temps que celle de la convention du 27 septembre 1968
expired la compétence judiciaire et l ' exécution des
matière civile et commerciale decisions a.
Article 9
Les États contractants reconnaissent que tout État qui devient
membre de la Communauté économique européenne et auquel
s ' applique l'article 63 de la convention expired, la
compétence judiciaire et l ' exécution des decisions en matière
civile et commerciale doit accepting les outline you présent
Protocole, sous réserve des adaptations nécessaires.
Article 10
Le secrétaire général du Conseil des Communautés européennes
notifie aux États signataires:
a) le dépôt de tout instrument de ratification;
b) la date d ' entrée en vigueur du présent protocole.
c) les déclarations "reçues en application de l'article 4
paragraphe 3;
d) . . . .
Article 11
Les États contractants communiqueront au secrétaire général du
Conseil des Communautés européennes les textes de leurs
disposition législatives qui impliquent une modification de la
Liste des juridictions désignées à l'article 2, paragraphe 1.
Article 12
Le présent protocole pour une durée illimitée est conclu.
Article 13
Chaque État contractant peut demander la révision du présent
Protocole. Dans ce cas, une conférence de révision est
convoquée par le président du Conseil des Communautés
européennes.
Article 14
Le présent protocole, rédigé en un exemplaire unique en langues
allemande, française, italienne et néerlandaise, les quatre
textes faisant également foi, est déposé dans les archives du
Secrétariat du Conseil des Communautés européennes. Le
Secrétaire général, une copie certifiée conforme en remet à
chacun des gouvernements des États signataires.
En foi de quoi les plénipotentiaires soussignés ont apposé leur
signature au bas du présent protocole.
Fait à Luxembourg, le trois juin mil neuf cent soixante et
Onze.
[Signatures des plénipotentiaires]
CONVENTION
on jurisdiction and the enforcement of judgments in civil and
commercial matters
PREAMBLE
THE HIGH CONTRACTING PARTIES TO THE TREATY ESTABLISHING THE
THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY,
DESIRING to implement the provisions of Article 220 of that
Treaty by virtue of which they undertook to secure the
simplification of formalities governing the reciprocal
recognition and enforcement of judgments of courts or
tribunals;
ANXIOUS to strengthen in the Community the legal protection of
persons therein established;
CONSIDERING that it is necessary for this purpose to determine
the international jurisdiction of their courts, to facilitate
recognition and to introduce an expeditious procedure for
securing the enforcement of judgments, authentic instruments
and court settlements;
Have DECIDED to conclude this Convention and to this end have
designated as their Plenipotentiaries:
[Plenipotentiaries designated by the Member States]
Who, meeting within the Council, having exchanged their full
powers, found in good and due form,
HAVE AGREED AS FOLLOWS:
TITLE IN
SCOPE
Article 1
This Convention shall apply in civil and commercial matters
whatever the nature of the court or tribunal. It shall not
extend, in particular, to revenue, customs or administrative
matters.
The Convention shall not apply to:
1. the status or legal capacity of natural persons, rights in
property arising out of a matrimonial relationship, wills and
succession;
2. bankruptcy, proceedings relating to the winding-up of
insolvent companies or other legal persons, judicial
arrangements, compositions and analogous proceedings;
3. social security;
4. arbitration
TITLE II
JURISDICTION
Section 1
General provisions
Article 2
Subject to the provisions of this Convention, persons domiciled
in a Contracting State shall, whatever their nationality, be
sued in the courts of that State.
Persons who are not nationals of the State in which they are
domiciled shall be governed by the rules of jurisdiction
applicable to nationals of that State.
Article 3
Persons domiciled in a Contracting State may be sued in the
the courts of another Contracting State only by virtue of the rules
set out in Sections 2 to 6 of this Title.
In particular the following provisions shall not be applicable
as against them:
-in Belgium: Article 15 of the civil code (Code civil-
Burgerlijk Wetboek) and Article 638 of the judicial code (Code
judiciaire-Judicial Code),
-in Denmark: Article 246 (2) and (3) of the law on civil
procedure (Lov om rettens maintenance),
-in the Federal Republic of Germany: Article 23 of the code of
civil procedure (Zivilprozeßordnung),
-in Greece, Article 40 of the code of civil procedure
((((((((( ((((((((( ((((((((((),
-in France: Articles 14 and 15 of the civil code (Code civil),
-in Ireland: the rules which enable jurisdiction to be founded
on the document instituting the proceedings having been served
on the defendant during his temporary presence in Ireland,
-in Italy: Articles 2 and 4, Nos 1 and 2 of the code of civil
procedure (Codice di procedura civile),
-in Luxembourg: Articles 14 and 15 of the civil code (Code
Civil),
-in Austria: Article 99 of the Law on Court Jurisdiction
(Jurisdiktionsnorm),
-in the Netherlands: Articles 126 (3) and 127 of the code of
civil procedure (Wetboek van Burgerlijke Rechtsvordering),
-in Portugal: Article 65 (1) (c), Article 65 (2) and Article
65A (c) of the code of civil procedure (Código de Processo
Civil) and Article 11 of the code of labour procedure (Código
de Processo de Trabalho),
-in Finland: the second, third and fourth sentences of the
first paragraph of Section 1 of Chapter 10 of the Code of
Judicial Procedure (oikeudenkäymiskaari/code of judicial procedure);
-in Sweden: the first sentence of the first paragraph of
Section 3 of Chapter 10 of the Code of Judicial Procedure
(the code of judicial procedure);
-in the United Kingdom: the rules which enable jurisdiction to
be founded on:
(a) the document instituting the proceedings having been served
on the defendant during his temporary presence in the United
Kingdom; or
(b) the presence within the United Kingdom of property
belonging to the defendant; or
(c) the seizure by the plaintiff of property situated in the
United Kingdom.
Article 4
If the defendant is not domiciled in a Contracting State, the
jurisdiction of the courts of each Contracting State shall,
subject to the provisions of Article 16, be determined by the
law of that State.
As against such a defendant, any person domiciled in a
Contracting State may, whatever his nationality, avail himself
in that State of the rules of jurisdiction there in force, and
in particular those specified in the second paragraph of
Article 3, in the same way as the nationals of that State.
Section 2
Special jurisdiction
Article 5
A person domiciled in a Contracting State may, in another
Contracting State, be sued:
1. in matters relating to a contract, in the courts for the
the place of performance of the obligation in question; in matters
relating to individual contracts of employment, this place is
that where the employee habitually carries out his work, or if
the employee does not habitually carry out his work in any one
country, the employer may also be sued in the courts for the
the place where the business which engaged the employee was or is
now situated;
2. in matters relating to maintenance, in the courts for the
the place where the maintenance creditor is domiciled or habitually
resident or, if the matter is ancillary to proceedings
concerning the status of a person, in the court which,
According to its own law, has jurisdiction to entertain those
proceedings, unless that jurisdiction is based solely on the
nationality of one of the parties;
3. in matters relating to tort, delicts or quasi-delicts, in the
courts for the place where the harmful event occurred;
4. as regards a civil claim for damages or restitution which is
based on an act giving rise to criminal proceedings, in the
court seised of those proceedings, to the extent that that
the Court has jurisdiction under its own law to entertain civil
proceedings;
5. as regards a dispute arising out of the operations of a
Branch, agency or other establishment, in the courts for the
the place in which the branch, agency or other establishment is
situated;
6. as settlor, trustee or beneficiary of a trust created by the
operation of a statute, or by a written instrument, or created
orally and evidenced in writing, in the courts of the
Contracting State in which the trust is domiciled;
7. as regards a dispute concerning the payment of remuneration
granted in respect of the salvage of a cargo or freight, in the
Court under the authority of which the cargo or freight in
question:
(a) has been arrested to secure such payment, or
(b) could have been so arrested, but bail or other security has
been given;
provided that this provision shall apply only if it is granted
that the defendant has an interest in the cargo or freight or
had such an interest at the time of salvage.
Article 6
A person domiciled in a Contracting State may also be sued:
1. where he is one of a number of defendants, in the courts for
the place where any one of them is domiciled;
2. as a third party in an action on a warranty or guarantee or
in any other third party proceedings, in the court seised of
the original proceedings, unless these were instituted solely
with the object of removing him from the jurisdiction of the
Court which would be competent in his case;
3. on a counter-claim arising from the same contract or facts
on which the original claim was based, in the court in which
the original claim is pending;
4. in matters relating to a contract, if the action may be
combined with an action against the same defendant in matters
relating to rights in rem in immovable property, in the court
of the Contracting State in which the property is situated.
Article 6a
Where by virtue of this Convention a court of a Contracting
State has jurisdiction in actions relating to liability from
the use or operation of a ship, that court, or any other court
the profile file for this purpose by the internal law of that State,
shall also have jurisdiction over claims for limitation of such
liability.
Section 3
Jurisdiction in matters relating to insurance
Article 7
In matters relating to insurance, jurisdiction shall be
determined by this Section, without prejudice to the provisions
of Articles 4 and 5 point 5.
Article 8
An insurer domiciled in a Contracting State may be sued:
1. in the courts of the State where he is domiciled, or
2. in another Contracting State, in the courts for the place
where the policy-holder is domiciled, or
3. if he is a co-insurer, in the courts of a Contracting State
in which proceedings are brought against the leading insurer.
An insurer who is not domiciled in a Contracting State but has
a branch, agency or other establishment in one of the
Contracting States shall, in disputes arising out of the
the operations of the branch, agency or establishment, be deemed to
be domiciled in that State.
Article 9
In respect of liability insurance or insurance of immovable
property, the insurer may in addition be sued in the courts for
the place where the harmful event occurred. The same applies if
movable and immovable property are covered by the same
insurance policy and both are adversely affected by the same
contingency.
Article 10
In respect of liability insurance, the insurer may also, if the
law of the court permits it, be joined in proceedings which the
injured party had brought against the fully insured.
The provisions of Articles 7, 8 and 9 shall apply to action
brought by the injured party directly against the insurer,
where such direct actions are permitted
.
If the law governing such direct actions provides that the
policy-holder or the fully insured may be joined as a party to the
action, the same court shall have jurisdiction over them.
Article 11
Without prejudice to the provisions of the third paragraph of
Article 10, an insurer may bring proceedings only in the courts
of the Contracting State in which the defendant is domiciled,
irrespective of whether he is the policy-holder, the fully insured or
(a) the beneficiary.
The provisions of this Section shall not affect the right to
bring a counterclaim in the court in which, in accordance with
This Section, the original claim is pending.
Article 12
The provisions of this Section may be departed from only by an
the agreement on jurisdiction:
1. which is entered into after the dispute has arisen, or
2. which allows the policy-holder, the fully insured or a beneficiary
to bring proceedings in courts other than those indicated in
This Section, or
3. which is concluded between a policy-holder and an insurer,
both of whom are domiciled in the same Contracting State, and
which has the effect of conferring jurisdiction on the courts
of that State even if the harmful event were to occur abroad,
provided that such an agreement is not contrary to the law of
that State, or
4. which is concluded with a policy-holder who is not domiciled
in a Contracting State, except in so far as the insurance is
compulsory or relates to immovable property in a Contracting
State, or
5. which relates to a contract of insurance in so far as it
covers one or more of the risks set out in Article 12a.
Article 12a
The following are the risks referred to in point 5 of Article
12:
1. any loss of or damage to:
(a) sea-going ships, installation situated offshore or on the
high seas, or aircraft, arising from perils which relate to
their use for commercial purposes;
(b) goods in transit other than passengers ' baggage where the
the transit consists of or includes carriage by such ships or
aircraft;
2. any liability, other than for bodily injury to passengers or
loss of or damage to their baggage:
(a) arising out of the use or operation of ships, installation
or aircraft as referred to in point 1 (a) above in so far as
the law of the Contracting State in which such aircraft are
registered does not prohibit agreements on jurisdiction
regarding insurance of such risks;
(b) for loss or damage caused by goods in transit as described
in point 1 (b) above;
3. any financial loss connected with the use or operation of
ships, installation or aircraft as referred to in point 1 (a)
above, in particular loss of freight or charter-hire;
4. any risk or interest connected with any of those referred to
in points 1 to 3 above.
Section 4
Jurisdiction over consumer contracts
Article 13
In proceedings concerning a contract concluded by a person for
a purpose which can be regarded as being outside his trade or
profession, hereinafter called ' the consumer ', jurisdiction
shall be determined by this Section, without prejudice to the
the provisions of point 5 of Articles 4 and 5, if it is:
1. a contract for the sale of goods on installment credit terms;
or
2. a contract for a loan repayable by instalments, or for any
other form of credit, made to finance the sale of goods; or
3. any other contract for the supply of goods or a contract for
the supply of services, and
(a) in the State of the consumer's domicile the conclusion of
the contract was preceded by a specific invitation addressed to
him or by advertising; and
(b) the consumer took in that State the steps necessary for the
conclusion of the contract.
Where a consumer enters into a contract with a party who is not
domiciled in a Contracting State but has a branch, agency or
other establishment in one of the Contracting States, that
Party shall, in disputes arising out of the operations of the
Branch, agency or establishment, be deemed to be domiciled in
that State.
This Section shall not apply to contracts of transport.
Article 14
A consumer may bring proceedings against the other party to a
contract either in the courts of the Contracting State in which
that party is domiciled or in the courts of the Contracting
State in which he is himself domiciled.
Proceedings may be brought against a consumer by the other
party to the contract only in the courts of the Contracting
State in which the consumer is domiciled.
These provisions shall not affect the right to bring a counter-
claim in the court in which, in accordance with this Section,
the original claim is pending.
Article 15
The provisions of this Section may be departed from only by an
Agreement:
1. which is entered into after the dispute has arisen; or
2. which allows the consumer to bring proceedings in courts
other than those indicated in this Section; or
3. which is entered into by the consumer and the other party to
the contract, both of whom are at the time of conclusion of the
contract domiciled or habitually resident in the same
Contracting State, and which confers jurisdiction on the courts
of that State, provided that such an agreement is not contrary
to the law of that State.
Section 5
Exclusive jurisdiction
Article 16
The following courts shall have exclusive jurisdiction,
regardless of domicile:
1. (a) in proceedings which have as their object rights in rem
in immovable property or tenancies of immovable property, the
the courts of the Contracting State in which the property is
situated;
(b) however, in proceedings which have as their object
tenancies of immovable property concluded for temporary private
use for a maximum period of six consecutive months, the courts
of the Contracting State in which the defendant is domiciled
shall also have jurisdiction, provided that the landlord and
the tenant are natural persons and are domiciled in the same
Contracting State;
2. in proceedings which have as their object the validity of
the constitution, the nullity or the dissolution of companies
or other legal person or Association of natural or legal
person's, or the decisions of their organs, the courts of the
Contracting State in which the company, legal person or
the Association has its seat;
3. in proceedings which have as their object the validity of
entries in public registers, the courts of the Contracting
State in which the register is kept;
4. in proceedings concerned with the registration or validity
of patents, trade marks, designs, or other similar rights
required to be deposited or registered, the courts of the
Contracting State in which the deposit or registration has been
applied for, has taken place or is under the terms of an
international convention deemed to have taken place;
5. in proceedings concerned with the enforcement of judgments,
the courts of the Contracting State in which the judgment has
been or is to be enforced.
Section 6
Prorogation of jurisdiction
Article 17
If the parties, one or more of whom is domiciled in a
Contracting State, have agreed that a court or the courts of a
Contracting State are to have jurisdiction to settle any
disputes which have arisen or which may arise in connection
with a particular legal relationship, that court or those
courts shall have exclusive jurisdiction. Such an agreement
conferring jurisdiction shall be either:
(a) in writing or evidenced in writing; or
(b) in a form which accord with practices which the parties
have established between themselves; or
(c) in international trade or commerce, in a form which accord
with a usage of which the parties are or ought to have been
aware and which in such trade or commerce is widely known to,
and regularly observed by, parties to contracts of the type
involved in the particular trade or commerce concerned.
Where such an agreement is concluded by parties, none of whom
is domiciled in a Contracting State, the courts of other
Contracting States shall have no jurisdiction over their
disputes unless the court or courts chosen have declined
jurisdiction.
The court or courts of a Contracting State on which a trust
instrument has conferred jurisdiction shall have exclusive
jurisdiction in any proceedings brought against a settlor,
trustee or beneficiary, if relations between these persons or
their rights or bonds under the trust are involved.
Agreements or provisions of a trust instrument conferring
jurisdiction shall have no legal force if they are contrary to
the provisions of Articles 12 or 15, or if the courts whose
jurisdiction they purport to exclude have exclusive
jurisdiction by virtue of Article 16.
If an agreement conferring jurisdiction was concluded for the
benefit of only one of the parties, that party shall retain the
right to bring proceedings in any other court which has
jurisdiction by virtue of this Convention.
In matters relating to individual contracts of employment an
agreement conferring jurisdiction shall have legal force only
If it is entered into after the dispute has arisen or if the
employee invokes it to clay courts other than those for the
defendant's domicile or those specified in Article 5 (1).
Article 18
Apart from jurisdiction derived from other provisions of this
Convention, a court of a Contracting State before whom a
defendant enters an appearance shall have jurisdiction. This
the rule shall not apply where appearance was entered solely to
contest the jurisdiction, or where another court has exclusive
jurisdiction by virtue of Article 16.
Section 7
Examination as to jurisdiction and admissibility
Article 19
Where a court of a Contracting State is seised of a claim which
is principally concerned with a matter over which the courts of
another Contracting State have exclusive jurisdiction by virtue
of Article 16, it shall declare of its own motion that it has
no jurisdiction.
Article 20
Where a defendant domiciled in one Contracting State is sued in
a court of another Contracting State and does not enter an
appearance, the court shall declare of its own motion that it
has no jurisdiction unless its jurisdiction is derived from the
the provisions of the Convention.
The court shall stay the proceedings so long as it is not shown
that the defendant has been able to receive the document
instituting the proceedings or an equivalent document in
sufficient time to enable him to arrange for his defence, or
that all necessary steps have been taken to this end.
The provisions of the foregoing paragraph shall be replaced by
those of Article 15 of the Hague Convention of 15 November 1965
on the service abroad of judicial and extrajudicial documents
in civil or commercial matters, if the document instituting the
proceedings or notice thereof had to be transmitted abroad in
accordance with that Convention.
Section 8
Lis pendens-related actions
Article 21
Where proceedings involving the same cause of action and
between the same parties are brought in the courts of different
Contracting States, any court other than the court first seised
shall of its own motion stay its proceedings until such time as
the jurisdiction of the court first seised is established.
Where the jurisdiction of the court first seised is
established, any court other than the court first seised shall
decline jurisdiction in favour of that court.
Article 22
Where related actions are brought in the courts of different
Contracting States, any court other than the court first seised
may, while the actions are pending at first instance, stay its
proceedings.
(A) the court other than the court first seised may also, on the
application of one of the parties, decline jurisdiction if the
law of that court permits the consolidation of related actions
and the court first seised has jurisdiction over both actions.
For the purposes of this Article, actions are deemed to be
related where they are so closely connected that it is
expedient to hear and determine them together to avoid the risk
of irreconcilable judgments resulting from separate
proceedings.
Article 23
Where actions come within the exclusive jurisdiction of several
courts, any court other than the court first seised shall
decline jurisdiction in favour of that court.
Section 9
Provisional, including protective, measures
Article 24
Application may be made to the courts of a Contracting State
for such provisional, including protective, measures as may be
available under the law of that State, even if, under this
Convention, the courts of another Contracting State have
jurisdiction as to the substance of the matter.
TITLE III
RECOGNITION AND ENFORCEMENT
Article 25
For the purposes of this Convention, ' judgment ' means any
judgment given by a court or tribunal of a Contracting State,
whatever the judgment may be called, including a decree, order,
decision or writ of execution, as well as the determination of
costs or expenses by an officer of the court.
Section 1
Recognition
Article 26
A judgment given in a Contracting State shall be recognized in
the other Contracting States without any special procedure
being required.
Any interested party who raises the recognition of a judgment
as the principal issue in a dispute may, in accordance with the
procedures provided for in Sections 2 and 3 of this Title,
apply for a decision that the judgment be recognized.
If the outcome of proceedings in a court of a Contracting State
depends on the determination of an incidental question of
recognition that court shall have jurisdiction over that
question.
Article 27
A judgment shall not be recognized:
1. if such recognition is contrary to public policy in the
State in which recognition is sought;
2. where it was given in default of appearance, if the
defendant was not duly served with the document which
instituted the proceedings or with an equivalent document in
sufficient time to enable him to arrange for his defence,
3. if the judgment is irreconcilable with a judgment given in a
dispute between the same parties in the State in which
recognition is sought;
4. if the court of the State of origin, in order to arrive at
its judgment, has decided a preliminary question concerning the
the status or legal capacity of natural persons, rights in property
arising out of a matrimonial relationship, wills or succession
in a way that conflicts with a rule of the private
international law of the State in which the recognition is
sought, unless the same result would have been reached by the
application of the rules of private international law of that
State;
5. if the judgment is irreconcilable with an earlier judgment
given in a non-contracting State involving the same cause of
action and between the same parties, provided that this latter
judgment fulfils the conditions necessary for its recognition
in the State addressed.
Article 28
Moreover, a judgment shall not be recognized if it conflicts
with the provisions of Sections 3, 4 or 5 of Title II, or in a
case provided for in Article 59.
In its examination of the grounds of jurisdiction referred to
in the foregoing paragraph, the court or authority applied to
shall be bound by the findings of fact on which the court of
the State of origin based its jurisdiction.
Subject to the provisions of the first paragraph, the
jurisdiction of the court of the State of origin may not be
reviewed; the test of public policy referred to in point 1 of
Article 27 may not be applied to the rules relating to
jurisdiction.
Article 29
Under no circumstances may a foreign judgment be reviewed as to
its substance.
Article 30
A court of a Contracting State in which recognition is sought
of a judgment given in another Contracting State may stay the
the proceedings if an ordinary appeal against the judgment has been
lodged.
A court of a Contracting State in which recognition is sought
of a judgment given in Ireland or the United Kingdom may stay
the proceedings if enforcement is suspended in the State of
origin, by reason of an appeal.
Section 2
Enforcement
Article 31
A judgment given in a Contracting State and enforceable in that
State shall be enforced in another Contracting State when, on
the application of any interested party, it has been declared
enforceable there.
However, in the United Kingdom, such a judgment shall be
enforced in England and Wales, in Scotland, or in Northern
Ireland when, on the application of any interested party, it
has been registered for enforcement in that part of the United
Kingdom.
Article 32
1. The application shall be submitted:
-in Belgium, to the ' tribunal de première instance ' or
' the rechtbank van eerste aanleg ',
-in Denmark, to the ' byret ',
-in the Federal Republic of Germany,
to the presiding judge of a chamber of the ' Landgericht ';
-in Greece, to the ' ((((((((((((((((((((',
-in Spain, to the ' Juzgado de Primera Instancia ',
-in France, to the presiding judge of the ' tribunal de grande
instance ',
-in Ireland, to the High Court,
-in Italy, to the ' Corte d'appello ',
-in Luxembourg, to the presiding judge of the ' tribunal
d'arrondissement ',
-in Austria, to the ' Bezirksgericht ',
-in the Netherlands, to the presiding judge of the
the ' arrondissementsrechtbank ',
-in Portugal, to the ' Tribunal Judicial de Circulo ',
-in Finland, to the ' käräjäoikeus/
District Court ',
-in Sweden, to the ' Svea hovrätt ',
-in the United Kingdom:
(a) in England and Wales, to the High Court of Justice, or in
the case of maintenance judgment to the Magistrates ' Court on
transmission by the Secretary of State;
(b) in Scotland, to the Court of Session, or in the case of a
maintenance judgment to the Sheriff Court on transmission by
the Secretary of State;
(c) in Northern Ireland, to the High Court of Justice, or in
the case of a maintenance judgment to the Magistrates ' Court on
transmission by the Secretary of State.
2. The jurisdiction of local courts shall be determined by
reference to the place of domicile of the party against whom
enforcement is sought. If he is not domiciled in the State in
which enforcement is sought, it shall be determined by
reference to the place of enforcement.
Article 33
The procedure for making the application shall be governed by
the law of the State in which enforcement is sought.
The applicant must give an address for service of process
within the area of jurisdiction of the court applied to.
However, if the law of the State in which enforcement is sought
does not provide for the furnishing of such an address, the
applicant shall appoint a representative ad litem.
The documents referred to in Articles 46 and 47 shall be
attached to the application.
Article 34
The court applied to shall give its decision without delay; the
the party against whom enforcement is sought shall not at this
stage of the proceedings be entitled to make any submissions on
the application.
The application may be refused only for one of the reasons
specified in Articles 27 and 28.
Under no circumstances may the foreign judgment be reviewed as
to its substance.
Article 35
The appropriate officer of the court shall without delay bring
the decision given on the application to the notice of the
applicant in accordance with the procedure laid down by the law
of the State in which enforcement is sought.
Article 36
If enforcement is authorized, the party against whom
enforcement is sought may appeal against the decision within
one month of service thereof.
If that party is domiciled in a Contracting State other than
that in which the decision authorizing enforcement was given,
the time for appealing shall be two months and shall run from
the date of service, either on him in person or at his
residence. No extension of time may be granted on account of
distance.
Article 37
1. An appeal against the decision authorizing enforcement shall
be lodged in accordance with the rules governing procedure in
contentious matters:
-in Belgium, with the ' tribunal de première instance ' or
' the rechtbank van eerste aanleg ',
-in Denmark, with the ' Court ',
-in the Federal Republic of Germany, with the
The ' Oberlandesgericht ',
-in Greece, with the ' (((((((',
-in Spain, with the ' Audiencia Provincial ',
-in France, with the ' cour d'appel ',
-in Ireland, with the High Court,
-in Italy, with the ' corte d'appello ',
-in Luxembourg, with the ' Cour supérieure de justice ' sitting
as a court of civil appeal,
-in Austria with the ' Bezirksgericht ',
-in the Netherlands, with the ' arrondissementsrechtbank ',
-in Portugal, with the ' Tribunal de Relação ',
-in Finland, with the ' hovioikeus/hovrätt ',
-in Sweden, with the ' Svea hovrätt ',
-in the United Kingdom:
(a) in England and Wales, with the High Court of Justice, or in
the case of a maintenance judgment with the Magistrates ' Court;
(b) in Scotland, with the Court of Session, or in the case of a
maintenance judgment with the Sheriff Court;
(c) in Northern Ireland, with the High Court of Justice, or in
the case of a maintenance judgment with the Magistrates ' Court.
2. The judgment given on the appeal may be contested only:
-in Belgium, Greece, Spain, France, Italy, Luxembourg and in
the Netherlands, by an appeal in cassation,
-in Denmark, by an appeal to the ' højesteret ', with the leave
of the Minister of Justice,
-in the Federal Republic of Germany, by a Rechtsbeschwerde ' ',
-in Austria, in the case of an appeal, by a Revisionsrekurs ' a '
and, in the case of opposition proceedings, by a Berufung '
with the possibility of a revision,
-in Ireland, by an appeal on a point of law to the Supreme
Court,
-in Portugal, by an appeal on a point of law,
-in Finland, by an appeal to korkein oikeus/högsta '
Court ',
-in Sweden, by an appeal to the ' Supreme Court ',
-in the United Kingdom, by a single further appeal on a point
of law.
Article 38
The court with which the appeal under Article 37 (1) is lodged
may, on the application of the appellant, stay the proceedings
If an ordinary appeal has been lodged against the judgment in
the State of origin or if the time for such an appeal has not
yet expired; in the latter case, the court may specify the time
within which such an appeal is to be lodged.
Where the judgment was given in Ireland or the United Kingdom,
any form of appeal available in the State of origin shall be
treated as an ordinary appeal for the purposes of the first
paragraph.
The court may also make enforcement conditional on the
provision of such security as it shall determine.
Article 39
During the time specified for an appeal pursuant to Article 36
and until any such appeal has been determined, no measures of
enforcement may be taken other than protective measures taken
against the property of the party against whom enforcement is
sought.
The decision authorizing enforcement shall carry with it the
power to proceed to any such protective measures.
Article 40
If the application for enforcement is refused, the applicant
may appeal:
-in Belgium, to the ' cour d'appel ' or ' hof van beroep ',
-in Denmark, to the ' Court ',
-in the Federal Republic of Germany, to the
The ' Oberlandesgericht ',
-in Greece, to the ' (((((((',
-in Spain, to the ' Audiencia Provincial ',
-in France, to the ' cour d'appel ',
-in Ireland, to the High Court,
-in Italy, to the ' corte d'appello ',
-in Luxembourg, to the ' Cour supérieure de justice ' sitting as
a court of civil appeal,
-in Austria, to the ' Bezirksgericht ',
-in the Netherlands, to the ' gerechtshof ',
-in Portugal, to the ' Tribunal de Relação ',
-in Finland, to hovioikeus/hovrätt ', '
-in Sweden, to the ' Svea hovrätt ',
-in the United Kingdom:
(a) in England and Wales, to the High Court of Justice, or in
the case of a maintenance judgment to the Magistrates ' Court;
(b) in Scotland, to the Court of Session, or in the case of a
maintenance judgment to the Sheriff Court;
(c) in Northern Ireland, to the High Court of Justice, or in
the case of a maintenance judgment to the Magistrates ' Court.
2. The party against whom enforcement is sought shall be
summoned to appear before the appellate court. If he fails to
appear, the provisions of the second and third paragraphs of
Article 20 shall apply even where he is not domiciled in any of
the Contracting States.
Article 41
A judgment given on an appeal provided for in Article 40 may be
contested only:
-in Belgium, Greece, Spain, France, Italy, Luxembourg and in
the Netherlands, by an appeal in cassation,
-in Denmark, by an appeal to the ' højesteret ', with the leave
of the Minister of Justice,
-in the Federal Republic of Germany, by a Rechtsbeschwerde ' ',
-in Ireland, by an appeal on a point of law to the Supreme
Court,
-in Austria, by a Revisionsrekurs, ' a '
-in Portugal, by an appeal on a point of law,
-in Finland, by an appeal to korkein oikeus/högsta '
Court ',
-in Sweden, by an appeal to the ' Supreme Court ',
– in the United Kingdom, by a single further appeal on a point
of law.
Article 42
Where a foreign judgment has been given in respect of several
matters and enforcement cannot be authorised for all of them,
the court shall authorize enforcement for one or more of them.
An applicant may request partial enforcement of a judgment.
Article 43
A foreign judgment which orders a periodic payment by way of a
penalty shall be enforceable in the State in which enforcement
is sought only if the amount of the payment has been finally
determined by the courts of the State of origin.
Article 44
An applicant who, in the State of origin has benefited from
complete or partial legal aid or exemption from costs or
expenses, shall be entitled, in the procedures provided for in
Articles 32 to 35, to benefit from the most favourable legal
aid or the most extensive exemption from costs or expenses
provided for by the law of the State addressed.
However, an applicant who requests the enforcement of a
decision given by an administrative authority in Denmark in
respect of a maintenance order may, in the State addressed,
claim the benefits referred to in the first paragraph if he
presents a statement from the Danish Ministry of Justice to the
effect that he fulfils the economic requiremens to qualify for
the grant of complete or partial legal aid or exemption from
costs or expenses.
Article 45
No security, bond or deposit, however described, shall be
required of a party who in one Contracting State applies for
enforcement of a judgment given in another Contracting State on
the ground that he is a foreign national or that he is not
domiciled or resident in the State in which enforcement is
sought.
Section 3
Common provisions
Article 46
A party seeking recognition or applying for enforcement of a
judgment shall produce:
1. a copy of the judgment which satisfies the conditions
necessary to establish its authenticity;
2. in the case of a judgment given in default, the original or
a certified true copy of the document which establishes that
the party in default was served with the document instituting
the proceedings or with an equivalent document.
Article 47
A party applying for enforcement shall also produce:
1. documents which establish that, according to the law of the
State of origin the judgment is enforceable and has been
served;
2. where appropriate, a document showing that the applicant is
in receipt of legal aid in the State of origin.
Article 48
If the documents specified in point 2 of Articles 46 and 47 are
not produced, the court may specify a time for their
production, accept equivalent documents or, if it considers
that it has sufficient information before it, dispense with
their production.
If the court so requires, a translation of the documents shall
be produced; the translation shall be certified by a person
qualified to do so in one of the Contracting States.
Article 49
No legalization or other similar formality shall be required in
respect of the documents referred to in Articles 46 or 47 or
the second paragraph of Article 48, or in respect of a document
appointing a representative ad litem.
TITLE IV
AUTHENTIC INSTRUMENTS AND COURT SETTLEMENTS
Article 50
(A) a document which has been formally drawn up or registered as an
authentic instrument and is enforceable in one Contracting
The State shall, in another Contracting State, be declared
enforceable there, on application made in accordance with the
procedures provided for in Article 31 et seq. The application
may be refused only if enforcement of the instrument is
contrary to public policy in the State addressed.
The instrument produced must satisfy the conditions necessary
to establish its authenticity in the State of origin.
The provisions of Section 3 of Title III shall apply as
' appropriate '.
Article 51
A settlement which has been approved by a court in the course
of proceedings and is enforceable in the State in which it was
concluded shall be enforceable in the State addressed under the
same conditions as authentic instruments.
TITLE V
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Article 52
In order to determine whether a party is domiciled in the
Contracting State whose courts are seised of a matter, the
The Court shall apply its internal law.
If a party is not domiciled in the State whose courts are
seised of the matter, then, in order to determine whether the
the party is domiciled in another Contracting State, the court
shall apply the law of that State.
. . .
Article 53
For the purposes of this Convention, the seat of a company or
other legal person or association of natural or legal persons
shall be treated as its domicile. However, in order to
determine that seat, the court shall apply its rules of private
international law.
In order to determine whether a trust is domiciled in the
Contracting State whose courts are seised of the matter, the
the Court shall apply its rules of private international law.
TITLE VI
TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS
Article 54
The provisions of the Convention shall apply only to legal
proceedings instituted and to documents formally drawn up or
registered as authentic instruments after its entry into force
in the State of origin and, where recognition or enforcement of
a judgment or authentic instruments is sought, in the State
addressed.
However, judgments given after the date of entry into force of
This Convention between the State of origin and the State
addressed in proceedings instituted before that date shall be
recognized and enforced in accordance with the provisions of
Title III if jurisdiction was founded upon rules which accorded
with those provided for either in Title II of this Convention
or in a convention concluded between the State of origin and
the State addressed which was in force when the proceedings
were instituted.
If the parties to a dispute concerning a contract had agreed in
writing before 1 June 1988 for Ireland or before 1 January 1987
for the United Kingdom that the contract was to be governed by
the law of Ireland or of a part of the United Kingdom, the
the courts of Ireland or of that part of the United Kingdom shall
retain the right to exercise jurisdiction in the dispute.
Article 54a
For a period of three years from 1 November 1986 for Denmark
and from 1 June 1988 for Ireland, jurisdiction in maritime
matters shall be determined in these States not only in
accordance with the provisions of Title II, but also in
accordance with the provisions of paragraphs 1 to 6 following.
However, upon the entry into force of the International
Convention relating to the arrest of sea-going ships, signed at
Brussels on 10 May 1952, for one of these States, those
provisions shall cease to have effect for that State.
1. A person who is domiciled in a Contracting State may be sued
in the courts of one of the States mentioned above in respect
of a maritime claim if the ship to which the claim relates or
any other ship owned by him has been arrested by the judicial
process within the territory of the latter State to secure the
claim, or could have been so arrested there but bail or other
Security has been given, and either:
(a) the claimant is domiciled in the latter State; or
(b) the claim arose in the latter State; or
(c) the claim concerns the voyage during which the arrest was
made or could have been made; or
(d) the claim arises out of a collision or out of damage caused
by a ship to another ship or to goods or persons on board
either ship, either by the execution or non-execution of a
manoeuvre or by the non-observance of regulations; or
(e) the claim is for salvage; or
(f) the claim is in respect of a mortgage or hypothecation of
the ship arrested.
2. A claimant may arrest either the particular ship to which
the maritime claim relates, or any other ship which is owned by
the person who was, at the time when the maritime claim arose,
the owner of the particular ship. However, only the particular
ship to which the maritime claim relates may be arrested in
respect of the maritime claims set out in 5 (o), (p) or (q) of
This Article.
3. Ships shall be deemed to be in the same ownership when all
the shares therein are owned by the same person or persons.
4. When in the case of a charter by demise of a ship the
charterer alone is liable in respect of a maritime claim
relating to that ship, the claimant may arrest that ship or any
other ship owned by the charterer, but no other ship owned by
the owner may be arrested in respect of such claim. The same
shall apply to any case in which a person other than the owner
of a ship is liable in respect of a maritime claim relating to
that ship.
5. The expression ' maritime claim ' means a claim arising out of
one or more of the following:
(a) damage caused by any ship either in collision or otherwise;
(b) loss of life or personal injury caused by any ship or
occurring in connection with the operation on any ship;
(c) salvage;
(d) agreement relating to the use or hire of any ship whether
by charter party or otherwise;
(e) agreement relating to the carriage of goods in any ship
whether by charter party or otherwise;
(f) loss of or damage to goods including baggage carried in any
ship;
(g) general average;
(h) bottomry;
(i) towage;
(j) pilotage;
(k) goods or materials wherever supplied to a ship for her
operation or maintenance;
(l) construction, repair or equipment of any ship or dock
charges and dues;
(m) wages of masters, officers or crew;
(n) mater's disbursements, including disbursements made by
shippers, charterers or agents on behalf of a ship or her
owner;
(o) dispute as to the title to or ownership of any ship;
(p) disputes between co-owners of any ship as to the ownership,
possession, employment or earnings of that ship;
(q) the mortgage or hypothecation of any ship.
6. In Denmark, the expression ' arrest ' shall be deemed as
regards the maritime claims referred to in 5 (o) and (p) of
This Article, to include a ' forbud ', where that is the only
procedure allowed in respect of such a claim under Articles 646
to 653 of the law on civil procedure (lov om rettens maintenance).
TITLE VII
RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER CONVENTIONS
Article 55
Subject to the provisions of the second subparagraph of Article
54, and of Article 56, this Convention shall, for the States
which are parties to it, supersede the following conventions
concluded between two or more of them:
the Convention between Belgium and France on jurisdiction and
the validity and enforcement of judgments, arbitration awards
and authentic instruments, signed at Paris on 8 July 1899,
-the Convention between Belgium and the Netherlands on
jurisdiction, bankruptcy, and the validity and enforcement of
judgments, arbitration awards and authentic instruments, signed
at Brussels on 28 March 1925,
-the Convention between France and Italy on the enforcement of
judgments in civil and commercial matters, signed at Rome on 3
June 1930,
-the Convention between the United Kingdom and the French
Republic providing for the reciprocal enforcement of judgments
in civil and commercial matters, with Protocol, signed at Paris
on 18 January 1934,
-the Convention between the United Kingdom and the Kingdom of
Belgium providing for the reciprocal enforcement of judgments
in civil
and commecial matters, with Protocol, signed at Brussels on 2
May 1934,
-the Convention between Germany and Italy on the recognition
and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters,
signed at Rome on 9 March 1936,
-the Convention between the Kingdom of Belgium and Austria on
the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of judgments and
authentic instruments relating to maintenance bond,
signed at Vienna on 25 October 1957,
-the Convention between the Federal Republic of Germany and
the Kingdom of Belgium on the mutual recognition and
enforcement of judgments, arbitration awards and authentic
instruments in civil and commercial matters, signed at Bonn on
30 June 1958,
-the Convention between the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the
The Italian Republic on the recognition and enforcement of
judgments in civil and commercial matters, signed at Rome on 17
April 1959,
-the Convention between the Federal Republic of Germany and
Austria on the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of
judgments, settlements and authentic instruments in civil and
commercial matters, signed at Vienna on 6 June 1959,
-the Convention between the Kingdom of Belgium and Austria on
the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of judgments,
arbitral awards and authentic instruments in civil and
commercial matters, signed at Vienna on 16 June 1959,
-the Convention between the United Kingdom and the Federal
Republic of Germany for the reciprocal recognition and
enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters,
signed at Bonn on 14 November 1960,
-the Convention between the United Kingdom and Austria
providing for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of
judgments in civil and commercial matters, signed at Vienna on
14 July 1961, with amending Protocol signed at London on 6
March 1970,
-the Convention between the Kingdom of Greece and the Federal
Republic of Germany for the reciprocal recognition and
enforcement of judgments, settlements and authentic instruments
in civil and commercial matters, signed in Athens on 4 November
in 1961,
-the Convention between the Kingdom of Belgium and the Italian
Republic on the recognition and enforcement of judgments and
other enforceable instruments in civil and commercial matters,
signed at Rome on 6 April 1962,
-the Convention between the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the
Federal Republic of Germany on the mutual recognition and
enforcement of judgments and other enforceable instruments in
Civil and commercial matters, signed at The Hague on 30 August
in 1962,
-the Convention between the Kingdom of the Netherlands and
Austria on the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of
judgments and authentic instruments in civil and commercial
matters, signed at The Hague on 6 February 1963,
-the Convention between France and Austria on the recognition
and enforcement of judgments and authentic instruments in civil
and commercial matters, signed at Vienna on 15 July 1966,
-the Convention between the United Kingdom and the Republic of
Italy for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of
judgments in civil and commercial matters, signed at Rome on 7
February 1964, with amending Protocol signed at Rome on 14 July
in 1970,
-the Convention between the United Kingdom and the Kingdom of
the Netherlands providing for the reciprocal recognition and
enforcement of judgments in civil matters, signed at The Hague
on November 17, 1967,
-the Convention between Spain and France on the recognition
and enforcement of judgment arbitration awards in civil and
commercial matters, signed at Paris on 28 May 1969,
-the Convention between Luxembourg and Austria on the
recognition and enforcement of judgments aud authentic
instruments in civil and commercial matters, signed at
Luxembourg on 29 July 1971,
-the Convention between Italy and Austria on the recognition
and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters,
of judicial settlements and of authentic instruments, signed at
Rome on 16 November 1971,
-the Convention between Spain and Italy regarding legal aid
and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and
commercial matters, signed at Madrid on 22 May 1973,
-the Convention between Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden and
Denmark on the recognition and enforcement of judgments in
in civil matters, signed at Copenhagen on 11 October 1977,
-the Convention between Austria and Sweden on the recognition
and enforcement of judgments in civil matters, signed at
Stockholm on 16 September 1982,
-the Convention between Spain and the Federal Republic of
Germany on the recognition and enforcement of judgments,
settlements and enforceable authentic instruments in civil and
commercial matters, signed at Bonn on 14 November 1983,
-the Convention between Austria and Spain on the recognition
and enforcement of judgments, settlements and enforceable
authentic instruments in civil and commercial matters, signed
at Vienna on 17 February 1984,
-the Convention between Finland and Austria on the recognition
and enforcement of judgments in civil matters, signed at Vienna
on 17 November 1986,
and, in so far as it is in force:
-the Treaty between Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg in
jurisdiction, bankruptcy, and the validity and enforcement of
judgments, arbitration awards and authentic instruments, signed
at Brussels on 24 November 1961.
Article 56
The Treaty and the conventions referred to in Article 55 shall
continue to have effect in relation to matters to which this
Convention does not apply.
They shall continue to have effect in respect of judgments
given and documents formally drawn up or registered as
authentic instruments before the entry into force of this
Convention.
Article 57
1. This Convention shall not affect any conventions to which
the Contracting States are or will be parties and which, in
relation to particular matters, govern jurisdiction or the
recognition or enforcement of judgments.
2. With a view to its uniform interpretation, paragraph 1 shall
be applied in the following manner:
(a) this Convention shall not prevent a court of a Contracting
State which is a party to a convention on a particular matter
from assuming jurisdiction in accordance with that Convention,
even where the defendant is domiciled in another Contracting
State which is not a party to that Convention. The court
hearing the action shall, in any event, apply Article 20 of
This Convention;
(b) judgments given in a Contracting State by a court in the
exercise of jurisdiction provided for in a convention on a
particular matter shall be recognized and enforced in the other
Contracting State in accordance with this Convention.
Where a convention on a particular matter to which both the
State of origin and the State addressed are parties lays down
conditions for the recognition or enforcement of judgments,
those conditions shall apply. In any event, the provisions of
This Convention which concern the procedure for recognition and
enforcement of judgments may be applied.
3. This Convention shall not affect the application of
provisions which, in relation to particular matters, govern
jurisdiction or the recognition or enforcement of judgments and
which are or will be contained in acts of the institutions of
the European Communities or in national laws harmonized in
implementation of such acts.
Article 58
Until such time as the Convention on jurisdiction and the
enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters,
signed at Lugano on 16 September 1988, takes effect with regard
to France and the Swiss Confederation, this Convention shall
not affect the rights granted to Swiss nationals by the
Convention between France and the Swiss Confederation on
jurisdiction and enforcement of judgments in civil matters,
signed at Paris on 15 June 1869.
Article 59
This Convention shall not prevent a Contracting State from
assuming, in a convention on the recognition and enforcement of
judgments, an obligation towards a third State not to recognize
judgments given in other Contracting States against defendants
domiciled or habitually resident in the third State where, in
cases provided for in Article 4, the judgment could only be
founded on a ground of jurisdiction specified in the second
paragraph of Article 3.
However, a Contracting State may not assume an obligation
towards a third State not to recognize a judgment given in
another Contracting State by a court basing its jurisdiction on
the presence within that State of property belonging to the
defendant, or the seizure by the plaintiff of property situated
There:
1. if the action is brought to assert or declare proprietary or
possessory rights in that property, seeks to obtain authority
to dispose of it, or arises from another issue relating to such
property; or
2. if the property constitutes the security for a debt which is
the subject-matter of the action.
TITLE VIII
FINAL PROVISIONS
Article 60
. . .
Article 61
This Convention shall be ratified by the signatory States. The
instruments of ratification shall be deposited with the
Secretary-General of the Council of the European Communities.
Article 62
This Convention shall enter into force on the first day of the
third month following the deposit of the instrument of
ratification by the last signatory State to take this step.
Article 63
The Contracting States recognize that any State which becomes a
Member of the European Economic Community shall be required to
accept this Convention as a basis for the negotiations between
the Contracting States and that State necessary to ensure the
implementation of the last paragraph of Article 220 of the
Treaty establishing the European Economic Community.
The necessary adjustments may be the subject of a special
Convention between the Contracting States of the one part and
the new Member States of the other party.
Article 64
The Secretary-General of the Council of the European
Communities shall notify the signatory States of:
(a) the deposit of each instrument of ratification;
(b) the date of entry into force of this Convention;
(c) . . . ;
(d) any declaration received pursuant to Article IV of the
Protocol;
(e) any communication made pursuant to Article VI of the
Protocol.
Article 65
The Protocol annexed to this Convention by common accord of the
Contracting States shall form an integral part thereof.
Article 66
This Convention is concluded for an unlimited period.
Article 67
Any Contracting State may request the revision of this
Convention. In this event, a revision conference shall be
convened by the President of the Council of the European
Online communities.
Article 68
This Convention, drawn up in a single original in the Dutch,
French, German and Italian languages, all four texts being
equally authentic, shall be deposited in the archives of the
Secretariat of the Council of the European Communities. The
The Secretary-General shall transmit a certified copy to the
The Government of each signatory State.
In witness whereof, the undersigned Plenipotentiaries have
affixed their signatures below this Convention.
[Signatures of the designated plenipotentiaries]
PROTOCOL
The High Contracting Parties have agreed upon the following
the provisions, which shall be annexed to the Convention:
Article In
Any person domiciled in Luxembourg who is sued in a court of
another Contracting State pursuant to Article 5 (1) may refuse
to submit to the jurisdiction of that court. If the defendant
does not enter an appearance the court shall declare of its own
motion that it has no jurisdiction.
An agreement conferring jurisdiction, within the meaning of
Article 17, shall be valid with respect to a person domiciled
in Luxembourg only if that person has expressly and
specifically so agreed.
Article II
Without prejudice to any more favourable provisions of national
laws, persons domiciled in a Contracting State who are being
prosecuted in the criminal courts of another Contracting State
of which they are not nationals for an offence which was not
intentionally committed may be defended by persons qualified to
do so, even if they do not appear in person.
However, the court seised of the matter may order appearance in
person; in the case of failure to appear, a judgment given in
the civil action without the person concerned having had the
opportunity to arrange for his defence need not be recognized
or enforced in the other Contracting States.
Article III
In proceedings for the issue of an order for enforcement, no
charge, duty or fee calculated by reference to the value of the
matter in issue may be levied in the State in which enforcement
is sought.
Article IV
Judicial and extrajudicial documents drawn up in one
Contracting State which have to be served on persons in another
Contracting State shall be transmitted in accordance with the
procedures laid down in the conventions and agreements
concluded between the Contracting States.
Unless the State in which service is to take place objects by
the Declaration to the Secretary-General of the Council of the
European Communities, such documents may also be sent by the
appropriate public officers of the State in which the document
has been drawn up directly to the appropriate public officers
of the State in which the addressee is to be found. In this
case the officer of the State of origin shall send a copy of
the document to the officer of the State applied to who is
competent to forward it to the addressee. The document shall be
forwarded in the manner specified by the law of the State
applied to. The forwarding shall be recorded by a certificate
sent directly to the officer of the State of origin.
Article V
The jurisdiction specified in Articles 6 (2) and 10 in actions
on a warranty or guarantee or in any other third-party
proceedings may not be resorted to in the Federal Republic of
Germany or in Austria. Any person domiciled in another
Contracting State may be sued in the courts:
-of the Federal Republic of Germany, pursuant to Articles 68,
72, 73 and 74 of the code of civil procedure
(Zivilprozessordnung) concerning third-party notices,
-of Austria, pursuant to Article 21 of the code of civil
procedure (Zivilprozessordnung) concerning third-party notices.
Judgments given in the other Contracting States by virtue of
Article 6 (2) or 10 shall be recognized and enforced in the
Federal Republic of Germany and in Austria in accordance with
Title III. Any effects which judgments given in those States
may have on third parties by application of the provisions in
the preceeding paragraphs shall also be recognized in the other
Contracting States.
Article Va
In matters relating to maintenance, the expression ' court '
includes the Danish administrative authorities.
In Sweden, in summary proceedings concerning orders to pay
(order for payment procedure) and assistance (band polling), the
the expression ' court ' includes the ' Swedish enforcement service '
(bailiff).
Article Vb
In proceedings involving a dispute between the master and a
Member of the crew of a sea-going ship registered in Denmark,
in Greece, in Ireland or in Portugal, concerning remuneration
or other conditions of service, a court in a Contracting State
shall establish whether the diplomatic or consular officer
responsible for the ship has been notified of the dispute. It
shall stay the proceedings so long as he has not been notified.
It shall of its own motion decline jurisdiction if the officer,
having been duly notified, has exercised the powers accorded to
him in the matter by a consular convention, or in the absence
of such a convention has, within the time allowed, raised any
objection to the exercise of such jurisdiction.
Article Vc
Article 52 and 53 of this Convention shall, when applied by
Article 69 (5) of the Convention for the European patent for
the common market, signed at Luxembourg on 15 December 1975, to
the provisions relating to the ' residence ' in the English text of
that Convention, operate as if ' residence ' in that text were
the same as ' domicile ' in Articles 52 and 53.
Article Vd
Without prejudice to the jurisdiction of the European Patent
Office under the Convention on the grant of European patents,
signed at Munich on 5 October 1973, the courts of each
Contracting State shall have exclusive jurisdiction, regardless
of domicile, in proceedings concerned with the registration or
the validity of any European patent granted for that State which is
not a Community patent by virtue of the provisions of Article
86 of the Convention for the European patent for the common
market, signed at Luxembourg on 15 December 1975.
Article Ve
Arrangements relating to maintenance bond concluded with
administrative authorities or authenticated by them shall also
be regarded as authentic instruments within the meaning of the
first paragraph of Article 50 of the Convention.
Article VI
The Contracting States shall communicate to the Secretary-General
General of the Council of the European Communities the text of
any provisions of their laws which amend either those articles
of their laws mentioned in the Convention or the lists of
courts specified in Section 2 of Title III of the Convention.
In witness whereof, the undersigned Plenipotentiaries have
affixed their signatures below this Protocol.
Done at Brussels on the twenty-seventh day of September in the
year one thousand nine hundred and sixty-eight.
[Signatures of the designated plenipotentiaries]
PROTOCOL
on the interpretation by the Court of Justice of the Convention
of 27 September 1968 on jurisdiction and the enforcement of
judgments in civil and commercial matters
THE HIGH CONTRACTING PARTIES TO THE TREATY ESTABLISHING THE
THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY,
Having regard to the Declaration annexed to the Convention on
jurisdiction and the enforcement of judgments in civil and
commercial matters, signed at Brussels on 27 September 1968,
Have decided to conclude a Protocol conferring jurisdiction on
the Court of Justice of the European Communities to performer
that Convention, and to this end have designated as their
Plenipotentiaries:
[List of the plenipotentiaries designated by the Member States]
Who, meeting within the Council, having exchanged their full
powers, found in good and due form,
HAVE AGREED AS FOLLOWS:
Article 1
The Court of Justice of the European Communities shall have
jurisdiction to give rulings on the interpretation of the
Convention on jurisdiction and the enforcement of judgments in
Civil and commercial matters and of the Protocol annexed to
that Convention, signed at Brussels on 27 September 1968, and
also on the interpretation of the present Protocol.
The Court of Justice of the European Communities shall also
have jurisdiction to give rulings on the interpretation of the
Convention on the accession of the Kingdom of Denmark, Ireland
and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland to
the Convention of 27 September 1968 and to this Protocol.
The Court of Justice of the European Communities shall also
have jurisdiction to give rulings on the interpretation of the
Convention on the accession of the Hellenic Republic to the
Convention of 27 September 1968 and to this Protocol, as
adjusted by the 1978 Convention.
The Court of Justice of the European Communities shall also
have jurisdiction to give rulings on the interpretation of the
Convention on the accession of the Kingdom of Spain and the
The Portuguese Republic to the Convention of 27 September 1968 and
to this Protocol, as adjusted by the 1978 Convention and the
the 1982 Convention.
The Court of Justice of the European Communities shall also
have jurisdiction to give rulings on the interpretation of the
Convention on the accession of the Republic of Austria, the
Republic of Finland and the Kingdom of Sweden to the Convention
of 27 September 1968 and to this Protocol, as adjusted by the
1978 Convention, the 1982 Convention and the 1989 Convention.
Article 2
The following courts may request the Court of Justice to give
preliminary rulings on questions of interpretation:
1.-in Belgium: la Cour de Cassation '-' het Hof van
Cassatie ' and ' le Conseil d ' État '-' the Raad van State ',
-in Denmark: ' højesteret ',
-in the Federal Republic of Germany: ' die obersten
Gerichtshöfe des Bundes ',
-in Greece: the ' (((((((((((((((((((',
-in Spain: el Tribunal Supremo ',
-in France: la Cour de Cassation ' and ' le Conseil d ' État ',
-in Ireland: the Supreme Court,
-in Italy: la Corte Suprema di Cassazione ',
-in Luxembourg: la Cour supérieure de Justice ' when sitting
as the ' Cour de Cassation ',
-in Austria, the Oberster Gerichtshof's ', the
' The Verwaltungsgerichtshof ' and the ' Verfassungsgerichtshof ',
-in the Netherlands: ' de Hoge Raad ',
-in Portugal: o Supremo Tribunal de Justiça ' and ' o Supremo
Tribunal Administrativo ',
-in Finland, the ' korkein oikeus/högsta domstolen ' and ' korkein
hallintooikeus/högsta förvaltningsdomstolen ',
-in Sweden, the ' Supreme Court ', ' Regeringsrätten ',
' Arbetsdomstolen ' and ' marknadsdomstolen ',
-in the United Kingdom: the House of Lords and courts to which
application has been made under the second paragraph of Article
37 or under Article 41 of the Convention;
2. the courts of the Contracting States when they are sitting
in an appellate capacity;
3. in the cases provided for in Article 37 of the Convention,
the courts referred to in that Article.
Article 3
1. Where a question of interpretation of the Convention or of
one of the other instruments referred to in Article 1 is raised
in a case pending before one of the courts listed in point 1 of
Article 2, that court shall, if it considers that a decision on
the question is necessary to enable it to give judgment;
request the Court of Justice to give a ruling thereon.
2. Where such a question is raised before any court referred to
in point 2 or 3 of Article 2, that court may, during the
conditions laid down in paragraph 1, request the Court of
Justice to give a ruling thereon.
Article 4
1. The competent authority of a Contracting State may request
the Court of Justice to give a ruling on a question of
interpretation of the Convention or of one of the other
instruments referred to in Article 1 if judgments given by
courts of that State conflict with the interpretation given
either by the Court of Justice or in a judgment of one of the
the courts of another Contracting State referred to in point 1 or 2
of Article 2. The provisions of this paragraph shall apply only
to judgments which have become res judicata.
2. The interpretation given by the Court of Justice in response
to such a request shall not affect the judgments which gave
rise to the request for interpretation.
3. The Procurators-General of the Courts of Cassation of the
Contracting States, or any other authority designated by a
Contracting State, shall be entitled to request the Court of
Justice for a ruling on interpretation in accordance with
paragraph 1.
4. The Registrar of the Court of Justice shall give notice of
the request to the Contracting States, to the Commission and to
the Council of the European Communities; They shall then be
entitled within two months of the notification to submit
statements of case or written observations to the Court.
5. No fees shall be levied or any costs or expenses awarded in
respect of the proceedings provided for in this Article.
Article 5
1. Except where this Protocol otherwise provides, the
the provisions of the Treaty establishing the European Economic
Community and those of the Protocol on the Statute of the Court
of Justice annexed thereto, which are applicable when the Court
is requested to give a preliminary ruling, shall also apply to
any proceedings for the interpretation of the Convention and
the other instruments referred to in Article 1.
2. The Rules of Procedure of the Court of Justice shall, if
necessary, be adjusted and supplemented in accordance with
Article 188 of the Treaty establishing the European Economic
Community.
Article 6
. . .
Article 7
This Protocol shall be ratified by the signatory States. The
instruments of ratification shall be deposited with the
Secretary-General of the Council of the European Communities.
Article 8
This Protocol shall enter into force on the first day of the
third month following the deposit of the instrument of
ratification by the last signatory State to take this step;
provided that it shall at the earliest enter into force at the
same time as the Convention of 27 September 1968 on
jurisdiction and the enforcement of judgments in civil and
commercial matters.
Article 9
The Contracting States recognize that any State which becomes a
Member of the European Economic Community, and to which Article
63 of the Convention on jurisdiction and the enforcement of
judgments in civil and commercial matters applies, must accept
the provisions of this Protocol, subject to such adjustments as
may be required.
Article 10
The Secretary-General of the Council of the European
Communities shall notify the signatory States of:
(a) the deposit of each instrument of ratification;
(b) the date of entry into force of this Protocol;
(c) any designation received pursuant to Article 4 (3);
(d) . . . .
Article 11
The Contracting States shall communicate to the Secretary-General
General of the Council of the European Communities the text of
any provisions of their laws which necessitate an amendment to
the list of courts in point 1 of Article 2.
Article 12
This Protocol is concluded for an unlimited period.
Article 13
Any Contracting State may request the revision of this
Protocol. In this event, a revision conference shall be
convened by the President of the Council of the European
Online communities.
Article 14
This Protocol, drawn up in a single original in the Dutch,
French, German and Italian languages, all four texts being
equally authentic, shall be deposited in the archives of the
Secretariat of the Council of the European Communities. The
The Secretary-General shall transmit a certified copy to the
The Government of each signatory State.
In witness whereof, the undersigned Plenipotentiaries have
affixed their signatures below this Protocol.
Done at Luxembourg on the third day of June in the year one
thousand nine hundred and seventy-one.
[Signatures of the plenipotentiaries]
Annex
CONVENTION
on jurisdiction and the enforcement of judgments in
civil Area1
INGRESS2
THE HIGH CONTRACTING PARTIES TO THE TREATY ESTABLISHING
THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY,
DESIRING to implement the provisions of article 220 of that
Treaty, according to which they shall ensure simplification of
formalities governing the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of
judicial decisions,
Anxious to strengthen in the community the legal
protection of persons established therein;
Considering that for this purpose it is necessary to
determine the international jurisdiction of their
courts, to facilitate recognition and to introduce an expeditious
procedures to ensure the enforcement of decisions,
authentic instruments and Court
settlements,
HAVE decided to conclude this Convention and to this
end as their Plenipotentiaries::
[Authorized representative designated by the Member States]
Who, meeting within the Council, having exchanged their full powers,
found in good and due form,
HAVE AGREED UPON THE FOLLOWING.
TITLE I
SCOPE of APPLICATION
Article 1
This Convention applies in civil and commercial matters,
whatever the nature of the Court or Tribunal. The
shall not extend, in particular, to revenue, customs or
administrative frågor3.
The Convention does not apply to
1. natural persons ' status or
legal capacity, matrimonial, inheritance and
Wills,
2. bankruptcy, compositions and analogous proceedings;
3. social security,
4. arbitration.
TITLE II
COURT
PERMISSIONS
Section 1
General provisions
Article 2
Unless otherwise provided in this Convention,
persons domiciled in a Contracting State shall be brought in the courts of
the State, irrespective of the State he has citizenship.
For those who are not nationals of the State in which he is domiciled
apply the same rules on jurisdiction for
State's own nationals.
Article 3
A person domiciled in a Contracting State may be sued:
in the courts of another Contracting State only by virtue of the
the provisions of sections 2 to 6 of this title.
In particular, the following provisions shall not apply to such
person:
-In Belgium: article 15 of the civil code (Code civil/Burgerlijk
Wetboek) and article 638 of the judicial code (Code judiciaire-
Judicial Code),
-In Denmark: § 246, STK. 2 and 3, of the lov om rettens pleje4,
-In the Federal Republic of Germany: article 23 of the code of civil procedure
(Zivilprozeßordnung),
-In Greece: article 40 of the code of civil procedure (((((((((
((((((((( (((((((((()
-In France: articles 14 and 15 of the civil code (Code civil),
-In Ireland: the rules which enable jurisdiction on the
the plea that the statement of claim has been served on the defendant during his
temporary presence in Ireland,
-In Italy: articles 2 and 4, Nos. 1 and 2 of the code of civil procedure
(Codice in procedura civile),
-In Luxembourg: articles 14 and 15 of the civil code (Code civil),
-In Austria: article 99 of the law on jurisdiction
(Jurisdiktionsnorm),
-In the Netherlands: article 126, third subparagraph and article 127
of the code of civil procedure (Wetboek van Burgerlijke Rechtsvordering),
-In Portugal: articles 65(1), 65(2) and 65A. c in
Code of civil procedure (Código de Processo Civil) and article 11 of the
the law on trial in labour disputes (Código de Processo de
Trabalho),
-In Finland: 10 Chapter 1 § 1 mom. the second, third and fourth
the meaning of the code of judicial procedure/oikeudenkäymiskaari,
-In Sweden: 10 Chapter 3 section, the first sentence of
the code of judicial procedure,
-In the United Kingdom: rules which enable
jurisdiction to be founded on
(a)) that the summons has been served the defendant under his
temporary stay in the United Kingdom, or
(b)) that the defendant has property in the United Kingdom, or
(c)) that the plaintiff has obtained lien or similar
safety measure of property situated in the United kungariket5.
Article 4
If the defendant is not domiciled in a Contracting State is determined
jurisdiction of the courts of each Contracting State in accordance with
the State law, subject to the provisions of
Article 16.
Against such a defendant, domiciled in a
Contracting State, regardless of nationality, in the same way as
nationals, invoke the rules governing
permissions that apply there and especially the provisions
specified in article 3, second paragraph.
Section 2
Special jurisdiction
Article 5
A person domiciled in a Contracting State may be sued in the
another Contracting State
1. in matters relating to a contract, in the courts for the place where the
obligation in question have been fulfilled, or shall
be met; in matters relating to a contract of employment is that place the
where the employee habitually carries out his work or, if the
the employee does not habitually carry out his work in any one
country, the employer may also be sued in the courts for
the place where the business which engaged the employee
is or was beläget6,
2. in matters relating to maintenance obligations, in the courts for the place
where the creditor has his domicile or usual
place of residence or, if the matter is ancillary to
legal status, in the Court which, according to its own law is
It has jurisdiction to entertain those proceedings, unless that jurisdiction only
based on the medborgarskap7 of one of the parties,
3. in matters relating to tort, delict or quasi-delict, in the
the Court in the place where the harmful event occurred,
4. in matters relating to a civil claim arising from the breach, the
Court in which criminal proceedings are pending, in so far as the Court of Justice under
his law is competent to adjudicate individual claims,
5. in the case of a dispute relating to the operation of a
Branch, agency or other establishment, in the courts for the place
where this is located,
6. in his capacity as settlor of a trust, the trustee or
familiar with beneficiaries of a trust is established either
by law or by a written instrument, or created orally and
evidenced in writing in the courts of the Contracting State in which the
This trust has its säte8,
7. in the case of a dispute concerning the payment of remuneration claimed in respect of the salvage of
a cargo or freight, in the Court in which the load or
shipping
(a)) has been subject to lien or similar
security measure to ensure such payment, or
(b)) could have been subject to such a security measure, if not
bail or other security has been given,
provided that it is claimed that the defendant has no rights
to the cargo or freight or had such right at the time of
bärgningen9.
Article 6
A person domiciled in a Contracting State may also
be instituted
1. where he is one of a number of defendants, in the courts for the place where any of
them is domiciled,
2. If an action on a warranty or guarantee or other similar, at the
Court in which the original proceedings, unless
This has not instituted solely to third parties
examined by the Court other than that which would otherwise have been
jurisdiction to entertain an action against him,
3. on a counter-claim arising from the same contract or
facts on which the original claim was based, in the Court where the
the original claim is pending;
4. in matters relating to a contract, and this action may be combined with a
other goals against the same defendant on a right in rem in immovable property, in
the Court of the Contracting State where the property is belägen10,
Article 6a11
A Court of the Contracting State in which the
Convention has jurisdiction to hear matters of liability as a result of a
use or operation of ships, as well as other court
According to the law of that State has jurisdiction in lieu of this, also
jurisdiction to hear the case on limitation of such liability.
Section 3
Jurisdiction in matters relating to insurance
Article 7
For insurance disputes concerning jurisdiction-
In addition to the provisions of article 4 and article 5(5)-
the provisions of this section.
Article 8 12
An insurer domiciled in a
Contracting State may be sued:
1. in the courts of the State where he is domiciled, or
2. in another Contracting State, in the courts for the place where the
the policy-holder is domiciled, or
3. If he is a co-insurer, in the courts of a
Contracting State in which proceedings are brought against the
the main insurer.
An insurer who is not domiciled in any
Contracting State but has a branch, agency or other
establishment in such a State, shall, in disputes arising
out of the operations of this is considered to be resident in that State.
Article 9
In respect of liability insurance or insurance of immovable property
the insurer may also be brought before the Court in
the place where the harmful event occurred. The same applies if movable and
real property covered by the same insurance policy and has been damaged
by the same event.
Article 10
In the case of liability insurance can, if the law of the forum State
allows it, an action against the insurer further be brought before
the Court in which the injured party has brought against the
insured.
The provisions of articles 7, 8 and 9 shall apply if the
injured party brings an action directly against the insurer, where
such direct actions are permitted.
If the law governing such direct actions allows to
an action against the policyholder or the insured may be tested in
the same trial, the same Court has jurisdiction in relation to
These people.
Article 11
With the exception of the cases referred to in article 10 the third paragraph,
an insurer may bring proceedings only in the courts of
the Contracting State where the defendant is domiciled, irrespective of whether he
is the policyholder, the insured or a beneficiary.
The provisions of this section shall not affect the right to bring
a counter-claim in the Court in which, in accordance with
the provisions of this section, is pending.
Article 1213
Derogations from the provisions of this section in an agreement
jurisdiction only applies if the agreement
1. has entered into after the dispute has arisen, or
2. which allows the policyholder, the insured or a
beneficiary to bring proceedings in courts other than those
as set forth in this section, or
3. which is concluded between a policyholder and an
insurers, which by the insurance contract had
domiciled or habitually resident in the same Contracting State;
and the agreement means that the courts of that State shall be
competent even if damage should occur abroad, unless the
such an agreement is not contrary to the law of that State, or
4. have concluded with a policyholder who is not domiciled in
any Contracting State, provided that the insurance is not
mandatory nor relates to immovable property in a
Contracting State, or
5. relating to an insurance policy that covers one or
more of the risks set out in Article 12a.
Article 12a14
The risks referred to in article 12 are as follows:
1. Loss of or damage to
a) seagoing ships, installations situated offshore or on the high seas
, or aircraft, arising from perils which relate with
their use for commercial purposes,
b) goods in transit, with the exception of passengers ' luggage,
When the transport is carried out, in whole or in part with such a vessel or
aircraft.
2. Any liability, other than for bodily injury to passengers or
loss of or damage to their baggage:
a) arising out of the use or operation of ships,
installations or aircraft as referred to in paragraph 1 (a), unless
not the law of the Contracting State in which such aircraft are
prohibit agreements on jurisdiction regarding
insurance of such risks;
b) for loss or damage caused by goods in transit
under paragraph 1 (b).
3. Any financial loss connected with the use or
operation of ships, installations or aircraft as referred to in paragraph 1
(a), in particular loss of freight or charter-hire;
4. Any risk associated with any of the risks referred to
in paragraphs 1 to 3.
Section 4 15
Jurisdiction over consumer contracts
Article 13
In disputes arising from the contract concluded by a person for
purpose which can be regarded as being outside his trade or
professional activities, hereinafter referred to as the consumer, applicable in
question of privilege-subject to the provisions
in article 4 and article 5(5)-provisions of this section,
in the case of
1. the purchase of goods on which payment shall be made in the specific
records, or
2. loans to be repaid in instalments or any
other credit if the loan or credit was intended to
finance the purchase of goods, or
3. other contracts for the supply of goods or
services, if
a) agreement was preceded by a specific invitation addressed to
the consumer in the Contracting State in which he is domiciled, or
advertising there, and
b) the consumer took the contract required
the actions of the State.
If the consumer's contracting partner is not domiciled in a
Contracting State but has a branch, agency or other
establishment in such a State, he shall be deemed to be a resident of the
State with respect to any disputes relating to this
activity.
This section shall not apply to contracts of carriage.
Article 14
A consumer may bring proceedings against the other party to a contract either
in the courts of the Contracting State in which that party is domiciled
or in the courts of the Contracting State in which he has
resident.
An action against a consumer by the other party to the contract may be brought
only in the courts of the Contracting State in which the consumer
is domiciled.
These provisions shall not affect the right to bring a counter-claim
at the Court in which, in accordance with the provisions of
This section is pending.
Article 15
Derogations from the provisions of this section in an agreement
jurisdiction only applies if the agreement
1. has entered into after the dispute has arisen, or
2. which allows the consumer to bring proceedings in courts other than
those indicated in this section, or
3. has entered into by a consumer and his contractual partner, which at
the conclusion was domiciled or habitually resident in
the same Contracting State, and which confers the courts of that State
jurisdiction, unless such an agreement is not contrary to the law of
the State.
Section 5
Exclusive jurisdiction
Article 16
The following courts shall, regardless of domicile, have
exclusive jurisdiction
1. a) in proceedings which have as their object rights in rem in immovable property or tenancies
to immovable property, the courts of the Contracting State in which the
the property is situated,
b) However, in matters relating to a contract on access rights to the
property for temporary private use for a maximum period of six
consecutive months, the courts of the
Contracting State in which the defendant is domiciled have jurisdiction under
condition that the owner and nyttjanderättsinnehava-clean is
natural persons and are domiciled in the same Contracting-stat16,
2. in proceedings which have as their object the validity, nullity or dissolution of
companies or other legal persons or the decisions of their
organs, the courts of the Contracting State in which the legal
the person has its registered office,
3. in proceedings which have as their object the validity of entries in public
registers, the courts of the Contracting State in which the register is kept;
4. If proceedings concerned with the registration or validity of patents,
trade marks and similar rights required
the deposit or registration, the courts of the Contracting-
State in which the deposit or registration has been applied for or has
taken place or is under the terms of an international
Convention deemed to have taken place,
5. in matters relating to enforcement of judgments, the courts of the
Contracting State in which the judgment has been executed or shall
enforced.
Section 6
Prorogation of jurisdiction
Article 1717
If the parties have agreed that a court or
the courts of a Contracting State shall be competent to decide
already a dispute or future disputes arising out of or in
a particular legal relationship, and at least one of the parties has
a resident of a Contracting State, shall be the Court or
courts of that State have jurisdiction. Such agreement shall
be either
a) in writing or evidenced in writing, or
b) in a form which accords with practices which the parties have
established between themselves, or
c) in international trade or commerce, in a form which accords with
trade practice or other practice which the parties knew or
ought to have known and which is commonly known and compliant
observed by parties to contracts of the type at the
Commerce in question.
If such an agreement has been concluded between the parties, neither of which
persons domiciled in a Contracting State, the courts of other
Contracting States shall have no jurisdiction over their disputes unless the
or courts chosen have not declined jurisdiction.
The Court or the courts of a Contracting State which, under the
an act whereby a trust has been established, the competent court,
have exclusive jurisdiction in proceedings brought against a settlor,
trustee or beneficiaries of a trust, if the thing
It concerns the relationship of these people or their
rights or obligations under this trust.
Prorogation of jurisdiction or the corresponding provisions of the
an act whereby a trust has been set up has no effect if
they are contrary to the provisions of articles 12, 13 or 15, or if
the courts whose jurisdiction they exclude have exclusive
jurisdiction by virtue of article 16.
If an agreement conferring jurisdiction concluded in favor
for only one of the parties, the party of his right to
bring proceedings in any other court having jurisdiction under this
Convention.
In case if the contract of employment is an agreement conferring jurisdiction
valid only if it is entered into after the dispute has arisen or
If the employee invokes it to seise the other
courts than the courts for the place where the defendant is domiciled
or the courts referred to in article 5(1).
Article 18
In addition to the jurisdiction of a Court of a Contracting State has
under other provisions of this Convention, the Court
jurisdiction if the defendant enters an appearance before this. This applies to
However, does not apply where appearance was entered to contest only
the Court's jurisdiction, or where another court has exclusive
jurisdiction by virtue of article 16.
Section 7
Examination as to jurisdiction and the question of whether the goal can be
up
Article 19
If an action brought in a Court of a Contracting State in respect of
a dispute mainly concerns a matter over which the courts of a
another Contracting State have exclusive jurisdiction by virtue of
Article 16, it shall declare of its own motion that it has no jurisdiction.
Article 20
If a court in a Contracting State against a
defendant domiciled in another Contracting State, and
the defendant does not enter an appearance, the Court shall, ex officio
It has no jurisdiction unless its jurisdiction is derived according to the
the provisions of this Convention.
The Court shall stay the proceedings until the
It has not shown that the defendant has been able to get some
the document instituting the proceedings or an equivalent document in sufficient time to
him to arrange for his defence, or that all necessary
to this end, measures vidtagits18.
In lieu of the provisions of the preceding subparagraph applies
the provisions of article 15 of the Hague Convention of 15 november
1965 on the service abroad of judicial and extrajudicial documents
civil or commercial matters, if the document instituting the proceedings or an
further advice will be transmitted abroad in accordance
with that Convention.
Section 8
Lis pendens and related actions are connected with each other
Article 2119
If proceedings are instituted before the courts of different Contracting States concerning
the same cause of action and between the same parties, each court
other than the court first seised voluntarily let
stay proceedings until it has been determined
jurisdiction of the court first seised is established.
Where the jurisdiction of the court first
seised is established, any court other than the Court reject
in favour of that Court.
Article 22
Where related actions are raised before courts
in different Contracting States and cases are pending at first instance,
any court other than the court first seised may allow
stay proceedings.
Court other than the court first seised may also
declare the action at the request of one of the parties, whether its law permits
Union of objectives related to each other and the Court
of the court first seised has jurisdiction over both
the actions in question.
For the purposes of this article, the claim shall be deemed to have
associated with each other if they are so United to a common
It is necessary to avoid incompatible
judgments resulting from claims were tested in different
trials.
Article 23
If several courts are exclusively competent, each court
other than the court first seised that it has no jurisdiction
in favour of that Court.
Section 9
Provisional, including protective, measures
Article 24
Provisional, including protective, measures as may
taken according to the law of a Contracting State, may be requested in
courts of that State, even if the courts of another
Contracting State has jurisdiction as to the substance of the matter under this
Convention.
TITLE III
RECOGNITION AND ENFORCEMENT
Article 25
In this Convention, "judgment" means any judgment
been issued by the courts of a Contracting State, whatever the
judgment may be called, including a decree, order, decision or writ of
execution, as well as in the case of an officer of the Court
legal costs.
Section 1
Recognition
Article 26
A judgment given in a Contracting State shall be recognised in
the other Contracting States without any special procedure
being required.
On the issue of a judgment shall be recognised or not is subject to
dispute, a party who alleges that the judgment shall be recognised,
by having recourse to the procedure provided for in sections 2 and
3 of this title, apply for a decision that the judgment be recognised.
If the outcome of any proceedings in a Court of a
Contracting State depends on the determination of a judgment shall be recognised, is the
Court has jurisdiction to examine the issue of recognition.
Article 27
A judgment shall not be recognised:
1. If such recognition would be contrary to
public policy public policy in the State in which recognition is sought;
2. where it was given in default of appearance or of another judgment given
against defendant was not properly have
served with the documents instituting the proceedings in
adequate time to prepare his svaro-mål20,
3. If the judgment is irreconcilable with a judgment given in a
dispute between the same parties in the State in which recognition is sought;
4. If the Court, in its judgment in the State of origin has taken a position
to a question about the legal status of a natural person, rättskapa-
capacity or capacity to act, the matrimonial for holes
Landen, wills or succession in breach of an international
private provision in the State in which recognition is sought;
unless the result would have been the same if the Court
had applied the latter State's international private law
provisions,
5. If the judgment is irreconcilable with an earlier judgment given
in a non-Contracting State involving the same parties and concerning the
same thing, unless the first judgment fulfils the
conditions necessary for its recognition in the State addressed
gällande21.
Article 28
Moreover, a judgment shall not be recognised if it conflicts with
the provisions of sections 3, 4 and 5 of title II, and not
in the cases referred to in article 59.
The certification referred to in the previous paragraph is
the Court or authority examines the issue of recognition
bound by the findings of fact on which the Court of
State of origin based its jurisdiction.
The jurisdiction of the Court in the State of origin may not be reviewed on
grounds other than referred to in the first subparagraph;
the rules are not covered by the mentioned in article 27(1)
to public policy.
Article 29
A foreign judgment be reviewed as to its substance.
Article 30
If a Court of a Contracting State is claimed that a
judgment given in another Contracting State shall
be recognized, the Court may stay the proceedings if
Amendment of the judgment has been sought through ordinary
remedies.
If a Court of a Contracting State is claimed that a
judgment given in Ireland or the United Kingdom shall
be recognized, the Court may stay the proceedings if
enforcement of the judgement has been suspended in the State of origin on
because of that change to the judgment sökts22.
Section 2
Enforcement
Article 31
A judgment given in a Contracting State and which is
enforceable in that State shall be enforced in another
Contracting State when, on the application of any interested party, it has been declared
enforceable där23.
In the United Kingdom, however, such judgments enforced in
England and Wales, in Scotland or in Northern Ireland when,
on the application of any interested party, it has been registered for enforcement in the
part of the United kungariket24.
Article 32
1. the application shall be made
-in Belgium, the tribunal de première instance or rechtbank
van eerste aanleg,
-in Denmark, by byret25,
-in the Federal Republic of Germany, the presiding judge of a Chamber
the Landgericht (regional court),
-in Greece, at ((((((((((((((((((((,
-in Spain, before the Juzgado de Primera Instancia,
-in France, the presiding judge of the tribunal de grande instance,
-in Ireland, the High Court,
-in Italy, at the corte d ' appello,
-in Luxembourg, the presiding judge of the District Court,
-in Austria, in the District Court
-in the Netherlands, the presiding judge of the "arrondissementsrechtbank",
-in Portugal, the "Tribunal de Círculo Judical,
-in Finland, by the District Court/käräjäoikeus,
-in Sweden, by the Svea Court of appeal,
-in the United Kingdom,
a) in England and Wales, the High Court of Justice or, in
the case of judgments relating to maintenance obligations, at the Magistrates ' Court
on transmission by the Secretary of State,
b) in Scotland, to the Court of Session or, in the case of a maintenance judgment, the
maintenance obligations, at the Sheriff Court on transmission by the
The Secretary of State,
c) in Northern Ireland, the High Court of Justice or, in the case of
judgments concerning maintenance claims –, at the Magistrates ' Court by
mediation of Secretary of State26.
2. The local jurisdiction shall be determined by the counterparty's
resident. If this is not domiciled in the State in which the
enforcement is, jurisdiction shall be determined by the
place where enforcement is to take place.
Article 33
The procedure for application for enforcement shall be governed by the law of
the State in which enforcement is sought.
The applicant must give an address for service within the Court
jurisdiction where the application is made. If the law of that State does not
provides that such address shall be indicated, the applicant shall
appoint a representative ad litem.
The documents referred to in articles 46 and 47 shall be attached to the
the application.
Article 34
The court hearing the application shall decide the issue as soon as possible;
at this stage of the proceedings, the respondent did not have the opportunity
to make any submissions on the application.
The application may be refused only on any of the articles 27
and 28 specified grounds.
The foreign judgment be reviewed as to its substance.
Article 35
A competent officer of the Court shall, at the earliest opportunity, in the manner
provided in the Member State of enforcement, inform the applicant of the
judgment given in respect of the application.
Article 36
If enforcement is granted, the defendant may seek modification of
the decision within one month from the time he was served this.
If the appellant is a resident of the other Contracting State than the
in which the decision to grant enforcement was given, shall
the time limit for seeking be two months and shall run from the
date on which the decision was notified to him, either personally or in the
his residence. The time limit may not be extended because of the way
distance.
Article 3727
1. the appeal of a decision that permits
enforcement shall take place in accordance with the rules applicable
for adversarial civil process.
-in Belgium, the tribunal de première instance or rechtbank
van eerste aanleg,
-in Denmark, by the Court,
-in the Federal Republic of Germany, at the Oberlandesgericht,
-in Greece, at (((((((,
-in Spain, at the Audiencia Provincial,
-in France, at the "cour d'appel",
-in Ireland, the High Court,
-in Italy, at the corte d ' appello,
-in Luxembourg, to the Cour supérieure de justice in its
composition of the courts of appeal in civil cases,
-in Austria, in the District Court,
-in the Netherlands, the "arrondissementsrechtbank",
-in Portugal, the "Tribunal de Relação,
-in Finland, the "hovioikeus, right/
-in Sweden, by the Svea Court of appeal,
-in the United Kingdom,
a) in England and Wales, the High Court of Justice or, in
the case of judgments relating to maintenance obligations, at the Magistrates ' Court,
b) in Scotland, to the Court of Session or, in the case of a maintenance judgment, the
maintenance obligations, at the Sheriff Court,
c) in Northern Ireland, the High Court of Justice or, in the case of
judgments relating to maintenance obligations, at the Magistrates ' Court.
2. Against the decision which will be announced on the occasion of that amendment
an application may only be
-in Belgium, Greece, Spain, France, Italy, Luxembourg
and the Netherlands, an appeal in cassation,
-in Denmark, by an appeal to the højesteret after authorisation
from the Minister of Justice,
-in the Federal Republic of Germany, by Rechtsbeschwerde,
-in Austria, by appeal (Rekursverfahren) by
A Revisionsrekurs and, in case of opposition (Widerspruchsverfahren),
by Berufung with the possibility of Revision,
-in Ireland, by an appeal of a point of law to the Supreme
Court,
-in Portugal, by an appeal of a question of law,
-in Finland, by appeal to the Supreme Court/the korkein oikeus,
-in Sweden, by an appeal to the Supreme Court,
in the United Kingdom, by a single further appeal on a
question of law.
Article 38
The Court dealing with the settlement issue after
modification has been applied for under article 37, first paragraph, of
the request of the appellant, stay the proceedings, if
appeal against the judgment has been lodged by ordinary
remedies in the State of origin or if the time for such actions
has not yet expired; in the latter case, the Court may decide
a period within which such action must be taken.
If the judgment was given in Ireland or the United Kingdom,
any form of appeal available in the State of origin
regarded as such an action against the ruling with the ordinary
the remedies referred to in the first stycket28.
The Court may also make enforcement conditional on the
set such security as the Court determines.
Article 39
As long as the time limit specified in article 36 in order to seek change
has not expired, and until any
such appeal has been determined, no measures of
enforcement than protective measures against the debtor's
property.
A ruling permitting enforcement result in such
security measures may be taken.
Article 40
1. where an application for enforcement is refused, the applicant may apply for
amending decision
-in Belgium at the "cour d'appel" or "hof van beroep",
-in Denmark, by the Court,
-in the Federal Republic of Germany, at the Oberlandesgericht,
-in Greece, at (((((((,
-in Spain, Audiencia Provincial,
-in France, at the "cour d'appel",
-in Ireland, the High Court,
-in Italy, at the corte d ' appello,
-in Luxembourg, to the cour supérieure de justice in its
composition of the courts of appeal in civil cases,
-in Austria, in the District Court,
-in the Netherlands, before the gerechtshof,
-in Portugal, the "Tribunal da Relação,
-in Finland, the "hovioikeus, right/
-in Sweden, by the Svea Court of appeal,
-in the United Kingdom,
a) in England and Wales, the High Court of Justice or, in
the case of judgments relating to maintenance obligations, at the Magistrates ' Court,
b) in Scotland, to the Court of Session or, in the case of a maintenance judgment, the
maintenance claims in the Sheriff Court,
c) in Northern Ireland, the High Court of Justice or, in the case of
judgments relating to maintenance obligations, at the Magistrates ' Court29.
2. The Court dealing with the issue of enforcement after
the amendment has been applied for shall hear the other party. If the latter
fail to explain themselves, the provisions of article 20
the second and third paragraphs apply even if he does not have
a resident of a Contracting State.
Article 4130
Against the judgment given on the basis that such
the amendment referred to in article 40 has been sought may only be
-in Belgium, Greece, Spain, France, Italy, Luxembourg
and the Netherlands, by an appeal in cassation,
-in Denmark, by appeal to the "højesteret" with the permission of the
the Minister of Justice,
-in the Federal Republic of Germany, by Rechtsbeschwerde,
-in Ireland, by an appeal of a point of law to the Supreme
Court,
-in Austria, by a Revisionsrekurs,
-in Portugal, by an appeal of a question of law,
-in Finland, by appeal to the Supreme Court/the korkein oikeus,
-in Sweden, by an appeal to the Supreme Court,
-in the United Kingdom, by a single further appeal on a
question of law.
Article 42
If a foreign judgment includes several claims and enforcement
cannot be granted for the full text of the judgment, the Court shall permit the
enforcement with respect to one or more of them.
An applicant may request that the judgment is enforced in part.
Article 43
A foreign judgment of any ordered to pay penalty is
enforceable in the Member State of enforcement only if the amount of penalty payment
final has been set by the Court in the State of origin.
Article 4431
If the applicant in the State of origin had wholly or partly free legal aid
or was exempt from charges and fees, he shall at the
the procedure referred to in articles 32 to 35 be
eligible for legal aid or the cost and fee waiver
to the maximum extent possible under the law of
the Member State of enforcement.
An applicant who requests the enforcement of a decision on
maintenance obligations, which have been issued by an administrative
authority in Denmark, in the Member State of enforcement may obtain the
benefits referred to in the first subparagraph, if he produce a certificate
from the Danish justitieminsteriet who confirms that he
meet the economic conditions laid down for obtaining
legal aid, in whole or in part, or the exemption from costs
and fees.
Article 45
No security, bond or deposit, however
described, shall be required of a party who in one Contracting State, request
enforcement of a judgment given in another
Contracting State on the ground that he is a foreign national
or does not have his domicile or place of residence in the
the Member State of enforcement.
Section 3
Common provisions
Article 46
The party seeking recognition or
applying for enforcement of a judgment shall produce:
1. a copy of the judgment which satisfies the conditions necessary
to establish its authenticity;
2. in the case of a default judgment or other decision
issued against a defendant, the original or a
certified true copy of the document which establishes that the document instituting
or an equivalent document has been served on the non-
parten32.
Article 47
A party applying for enforcement shall also produce:
1. documents showing that the judgment is enforceable under the Act
in the State of origin and that it has been served,
2. where appropriate, the documents showing that the applicant
benefited from legal aid in the State of origin.
Article 48
If they are in article 46 (2) and article 47 (2) specified documents are not
has been filed, the Court may specify a time within which the
shall be submitted, accept equivalent documents or, if available
data can be considered sufficient, release the applicant from
the obligation to provide them.
If the Court so requires, a translation of the documents
be filed; the translation shall be certified by a person
qualified to do so in any of the Contracting States.
Article 49
No legalisation or other similar formality shall be required in
respect of the documents referred to in articles 46 and 47 and in
the second paragraph of article 48, or in respect of a document appointing a representative in
the thing.
TITLE IV
AUTHENTIC INSTRUMENTS AND COURT
SETTLEMENTS
Article 50
A document which has been formally drawn up or registered as an
authentic instrument and is enforceable in the
a Contracting State shall on application be declared enforceable
in another Contracting State in accordance with article 31 and
the following articles prescribed procedure. The representation may
refused only if enforcement of the authentic instrument
contrary to public policy in the
verkställighetsstaten33.
The instrument produced must satisfy the conditions
necessary for it to be accepted as an official
action in the State of origin.
The provisions of title III, section 3 applies in the applicable
parts.
Article 51
A court settlement is concluded before a court in a case pending
and is enforceable in the State in which the court settlement reached is
enforceable in the Member State of enforcement under the same
conditions as authentic instruments.
TITLE V
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Article 52
In deciding the question of whether a party is domiciled in the
Contracting State in which the action is brought, the Court shall apply its
own law.
If a party is not domiciled in the State in which proceedings are pending
the Court shall, in determining the question of whether the party is domiciled
in another Contracting State, apply the State law.
. . . 34
Article 53
For the purposes of this Convention, a company or
other legal person's seat is considered to be the habitual residence. In order to
determine where this Office is situated, the Court shall, however,
apply its rules of private international law.
To determine whether a trust is domiciled in the Contracting State in which the
the case is pending, the Court shall apply its own
International privaträtt35.
TITLE VI
TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS
Article 5436
The provisions of this Convention shall apply only to
legal proceedings instituted and to authentic
documents which have been formally drawn up or registered after
the entry into force of the Convention in the State of origin and, in the case of
recognition or enforcement of a judgment or authentic
action, in the State in which the application is addressed to.
Judgments given in the State of origin, since this
the entry into force of the Convention between the State of origin and the State
which the application is addressed to, in cases that have
brought before that date, shall be recognised and
enforceable in the State in which the application is addressed under
the provisions of title III, the Court based its
permissions on rules which accord either with the
provisions laid down in title II of this Convention or
with the provisions of a Convention which was in force between
State of origin and the State in which the application is addressed at
time for the target's or the anhängiggörande37.
If the parties are in a contractual dispute have agreed in writing
-in the case of Ireland before 1 June 1988 and concerning
The United Kingdom before 1 January 1987-the
agreement applicable law shall be the law or the law of
a part of the United Kingdom, the courts of Ireland and in
the part of the United Kingdom maintain their competence to
try tvisten38.
Article 54a39
For a period of three years from 1 november 1986 for
Denmark and from 1 June 1988 for Ireland, in maritime law case
the jurisdiction shall be determined in these States not only in accordance with
the provisions of title II, but also according to the below in
paragraphs 1 to 6 specified provisions. These provisions
However, ceases to apply to the relevant State when the
International Convention on attachment and similar
security measures (arrest) of seagoing ships, as
signed in Brussels on 10 May 1952, enters into force in
relation to the State.
1. Persons domiciled in a Contracting State may, in respect of
maritime claims proceedings may be brought before the courts in one of the above
nänmda States on the ship that the claim relates to,
or else by him owned ships, have been subject to
lien or similar security measure (detention) at a
legal procedure in the latter State's territory for
to ensure the claim, or could have been subject to such
safety measure of bail or other security had
raised and
(a) the claimant is domiciled), in that State, or
b) the claim arose in that State, or
c) claim has arisen during the trip in which:
the security operation has, or could have, taken, or
d) the claim is based on a collision or injury
caused by a ship to another or to goods or persons
on board one of the vessels, which is either effected
or non-operation or failure to comply with the
applicable regulations, or
(e)) the claim relates to salvage, or
f) mortgages because of mortgage or other agreement based
pledge to the security for the claim of the vessels
is subject to a lien or similar security measure
(arrest).
2. the lien or similar security measure (detention) can
be obtained both in the vessel Lake the claim relating to the
as in other ships owned by the person who, at the time of
the Genesis was the owner of the first vessel. In
the case of the claims referred to in paragraph 5 o, p or q in
This article, however, only the ships of maritime claim
relate to.
3. ships shall be deemed to be in the same ownership when all the shares
therein are owned by the same person or persons.
4. If, at the skeppslega (demise charter), the charterer alone is
responsible for a sjöfordran relating to the ship,
lien or similar security measure (detention) may be obtained for
the claim in this ship or other ship owned by the
the charterer but not in any other vessel belonging to the owner.
This provision also applies in other cases where someone other than the
a shipowner is liable for a sjöfordran.
5. The expression sjöfordran implies a claim based on a
or more of the following grounds:
a) to damage caused by a ship by colliding or on
otherwise.
b) death or personal injury caused by a ship or
that occurred in connection with the operation of a ship.
c) Salvage.
d) Agreement relating to the use or rental of
the basis of the charterparty or otherwise.
e) Agreement relating to the carriage of freight with a ship on the basis
of the charterparty, Bill of lading or other.
f) loss of or damage to goods including baggage during
transport by ship.
g) joint failure.
h) Bodmeri.
I) Towing.
j) pilotage.
k) the supply of goods or materials for ship operation or
maintenance, irrespective of the place of delivery.
l) Building or repairing or equipment of a vessel
or the costs of docking.
m) Master, officers and crew salaries.
n) master's disbursements, including disbursements made by
shippers, charterers or agents of the ship or its
owner's behalf.
o) dispute over the ownership of a ship.
p) Disputes between co-owners of a vessel if the ownership or
the possession or operation of the ship or the proceeds
from this.
q) liens because of mortgage or other agreement based
mortgages on ships.
6. Denmark shall, as regards the maritime claims referred to in
paragraph 5 (o) and (p) of this article, the term custody is deemed to include
also, subject to paragraphs forbud when 646 to 653 of the lov
If rettens maintenance, is the only permitted procedure in the case of
such a claim.
TITLE VII
RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER CONVENTIONS
Article 55
With the limits imposed by the second paragraph of article 54 and
Article 56 of this Convention shall, for those States that have
Party on, replace the following conventions concluded between
two or more of them:
-The Convention between Belgium and France on jurisdiction
jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments,
arbitration awards and authentic instruments, signed at Paris on
8 July 1899.
-The Convention between Belgium and the Netherlands on jurisdiction
jurisdiction, bankruptcy, and the recognition and enforcement
of judgments, arbitration awards and authentic instruments, signed at
Brussels on 28 March 1925.
-The Convention between France and Italy on the enforcement
of judgments in civil and commercial matters, signed at Rome on 3 June
1930.
-The Convention between the United Kingdom and France on
reciprocal enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters, with
the Protocol, signed in Paris on 18 January 193440.
-The Convention between the United Kingdom and the Kingdom of
Belgium on the mutual enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial
area, with Protocol, signed at Brussels on 2 may 193440.
-The Convention between Germany and Italy on the recognition and
enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters, signed in
Rome on 9 March 1936.
-The Convention between Belgium and Austria on the reciprocal
recognition and enforcement of decisions and authentic
documents relating to maintenance obligations, signed at Vienna
195741 on 25 October.
-The Convention between the Federal Republic of Germany and
The Kingdom of Belgium on the mutual recognition and
enforcement in civil and commercial matters of judgments, arbitration awards
and authentic instruments, signed at Bonn on 30 June
1958.
-The Convention between the Kingdom of the Netherlands and Italian
Republic on the recognition and enforcement of judgments in
Civil and commercial matters, signed at Rome on 17 april 1959.
-The Convention between Germany and Austria on the reciprocal
recognition and enforcement of judgments, settlements and
authentic instruments in civil and commercial matters, signed in
Vienna, 6 June 195942.
-The Convention between Belgium and Austria on the reciprocal
recognition and enforcement of judgments, arbitration awards and
authentic instruments in civil and commercial matters, signed in
Vienna, 16 June 195942.
-The Convention between the United Kingdom and Förbundsrepu-
Republic of Germany on the mutual recognition and enforcement of
judgments in civil and commercial matters, signed at Bonn on 14 July
196043.
-The Convention between the United Kingdom and Austria with
provisions on the mutual recognition and enforcement of
judgments in civil and commercial matters, signed at Vienna on 14 July
1961 with amending Protocol signed at London on 6 March
197042.
-The Convention between the Kingdom of Greece and the Federal-
Republic of Germany on the mutual recognition and enforcement
of judgments, settlements and authentic instruments on
Civil and commercial matters, signed in Athens on 4 november
196144.
-The Convention between the Kingdom of Belgium and the Republic of
Italy on the recognition and enforcement of judgments and other
enforceable instruments in civil and commercial matters, signed at Rome
on 6 april 1962.
-The Convention between the Kingdom of the Netherlands and
The Federal Republic of Germany on the mutual recognition and
enforcement of judgments and other enforceable instruments in
Civil and commercial matters, signed at the Hague on 30 August 1962.
-The Convention between the Netherlands and Austria on the reciprocal
recognition and enforcement of decisions and authentic
documents in civil and commercial matters, signed at the Hague on 6
February 196342.
-The Convention between France and Austria on the recognition and
enforcement of judgments and authentic instruments in
Civil and commercial matters, signed at Vienna on 15 July 196645.
-The Convention between the United Kingdom and the Republic of
Italy on the mutual recognition and enforcement of judgments in
Civil and commercial matters, signed at Rome on 7 February 1964,
with additional protocol signed in Rome on July 14, 197046.
-The Convention between the United Kingdom and the Kingdom of
Netherlands on the mutual recognition and enforcement of
judgments in civil and commercial matters, signed at the Hague on 17
November 196746.
-The Convention between Spain and France on the recognition and
enforcement of judgments and arbitral awards in civil and commercial
area, signed at Paris on 28 may 196945.
-The Convention between Luxembourg and Austria on the recognition and
enforcement of judgments and authentic instruments in
Civil and commercial matters, signed at Luxembourg on 29 July
197147.
-The Convention between Italy and Austria on the recognition and
enforcement of judgments, settlements and authentic instruments
in civil and commercial matters, signed at Rome on 16 november
197147.
-The Convention between Spain and Italy regarding legal aid and if
recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters,
signed at Madrid on 22 may 197345.
-The Convention between Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and
Sweden on the recognition and enforcement of judgments in
Civil and commercial matters, signed at Copenhagen on 11 October
197747.
-The Convention between Austria and Sweden on the recognition and
enforcement of civil judgments, signed at Stockholm on 16
September 198247.
-The Convention between Spain and the Federal Republic of Germany
on the recognition and enforcement of judgments, settlements and
enforceable authentic instruments in civil and commercial matters,
signed at Bonn on 14 november 198345.
-The Convention between Austria and Spain on the recognition and
enforcement of judgments, settlements and enforceable
authentic instruments in civil and commercial matters, signed in
Vienna 17 February 198447.
-The Convention between Finland and Austria on the recognition and
enforcement of civil judgments, signed at Vienna on 17
November 198647,
and, if it is in force,
the Treaty between Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg on
jurisdiction, bankruptcy, and the validity
enforcement of judgments, arbitration awards and authentic instruments,
signed in Brussels on 24 november 1961.
Article 56
The Treaty and the conventions referred to in article 55 shall
continue to apply in areas where this Convention is not
applicable.
They shall continue to have effect in respect of judgments
given and documents formally drawn up or registered
as official documents prior to this Convention,
date of entry into force.
Article 57
1. this Convention shall not affect conventions
the Contracting States are party or will take office
and which in relation to particular matters, govern jurisdiction
or the recognition or enforcement of domar48.
2. in order to ensure uniform interpretation, paragraph 1
apply as follows:
a) this Convention shall not prevent a Court of
a Contracting State which is a party to a Convention that regulates
a special area to declare that it has jurisdiction in accordance with the
Convention, even if the defendant is domiciled in a
Contracting State which is not a party to the relevant
Convention. The court hearing the case shall, however, always
apply article 20 of this Convention.
b) judgments given by a court in a Contracting State
with the exercise of jurisdiction provided for in a Convention
on a particular matter shall be recognised and enforced in
the other Contracting States in accordance with the provisions of
This Convention.
Where a Convention on a particular matter, and that
ratified by the State of origin as well as of the State
application Parties lays down conditions for the recognition or
enforcement of judgments, those conditions shall apply.
The provisions of this Convention which concern the procedure for recognition
and enforcement can, however, always tillämpas49.
3. this Convention shall not affect the application of the
provisions which, in relation to particular matters, govern the legal
jurisdiction or the recognition or enforcement of judgments
are contained in, or will be included in the acts
of the institutions of the European communities or in national
legislation to implement such harmonised
rättsakter50.
Article 5851
To the Convention on jurisdiction and the
enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters, signed in
Lugano on 16 september 1988, takes effect for France and
Switzerland, this Convention shall not affect the rights that
Swiss citizens have by agreement between France
and Switzerland on jurisdiction and the enforcement of
civil judgments, signed at Paris on 15 June 1869.
Article 59
This Convention shall not prevent a
Contracting State, in relation to a third State, in a
Convention on the recognition and enforcement of judgments, order the
not to recognise judgments given in other
Contracting States against defendants domiciled or their
habitual residence in that third State when its judgment, in cases
referred to in article 4, the judgment could only be founded on the basis of a
jurisdiction listed in article 3, second paragraph.
A Contracting State shall not, however, in relation to a third
State undertake not to recognise a judgment given in
another Contracting State by a court based its
competence in that the defendant has property in that State or that
the plaintiff has obtained lien or similar security measure in
property is there, if
1. matters relating to the ownership of property or right of possession
This, the purpose of acquiring the right to dispose of it, or
relates to other dispute relating to such property, or
2. the property constitutes the security for the claim which is the object of
rättegången52.
TITLE VIII
END-
PROVISIONS
Article 60
. . . 53
Article 6154
This Convention shall be subject to ratification by the signatory States.
Instruments of ratification shall be deposited with the
the Secretary-General of the European communities.
Article 6255
This Convention shall enter into force on the first day of the third
a month after the instrument of ratification
by the last signatory State which fulfills this formality.
Article 63
States parties noted that any State which becomes a Member
the European Community shall be required to accept this
Convention as a basis for the negotiations that are necessary
in order to ensure the implementation of the last subparagraph of article 220
of the Treaty establishing the European economic
the community, in the relationship between the Contracting States and the
State.
The necessary adaptation may be the subject of a special Convention
between Contracting States, of the one part, and the State, on the
the other side.
Article 6456
The Secretary-General of the European Communities shall
notify the signatory States of
(a) the deposit of each instrument of ratification),
(b)) date of the entry into force of the Convention,
c) . . . 57
d) declarations received under article IV of the Protocol;
e) notifications made under article VI of the Protocol.
Article 65
The Protocol by common agreement between
States Parties attached to this Convention form an integral
part of this.
Article 66
This Convention is concluded for an unlimited period.
Article 67
Any Contracting State may require that the Convention be revised. If
so, the Chairman of the Council of the European communities
convene a revision Conference.
Article 6858
This Convention, drawn up in a single original in the
Dutch, French, German and Italian languages, all four
texts being equally authentic, shall be deposited in the archives of
the General Secretariat of the Council of the European communities.
The Secretary-General shall transmit to the Government of each signatory State
send a certified kopia59.
For evidence of this, the undersigned authorized representative
signed this Convention.
(The designated authorized representative underskrifter60)
PROTOKOLL61
The High Contracting Parties have agreed
the following provisions, which shall be attached to the Convention:
Article In
If an action is brought against a person domiciled in Luxembourg at a
Court of another Contracting State pursuant to article 5(1),
refuse to submit if the Court's jurisdiction. If the defendant
does not enter an appearance, the Court shall declare of its own motion
unauthorized.
An agreement conferring jurisdiction within the meaning of article 17 applies
against a person domiciled in Luxembourg only if that
expressly and specifically approved the agreement.
Article II
Without prejudice to more favourable national provisions,
persons domiciled in a Contracting State and is charged with a
non-willful offences by a criminal court in another
Contracting State in which he is not a national, defended by
an authorised person, even if he fails to appear
personally.
The court hearing the case may, however, provide personal
appearance; If such requirement is not complied with
need a judgment given concerning a civil
claims against someone who has not had the opportunity to respond to the case
neither be recognised or enforced in the other Contracting States.
Article III
No charge, duty or fee calculated by reference to the object
value may be levied in the Member State of enforcement during the procedure
referring to the writ of execution.
Article IV
Judicial and extrajudicial documents drawn up in a
Contracting State and which must be communicated to someone in another
Contracting State shall be transmitted in accordance with the conventions
and agreements in force between the Contracting States.
Unless the State in which the notification shall take place by a
Declaration to the Secretary-General of the European
communities oppose this, such documents
also be sent from the officer of the State where the document was
been drawn up directly to the officer of the State in which the recipient
find themselves. In such a case, the officer in
the Member State of origin shall send a copy of the document to the
officials in the State who is authorized to submit the
to the receiver. The document shall be forwarded in the manner
provided in the recipient State law. The handover shall be confirmed
by a certificate sent directly to the officer in
the Member State of origin.
Article V62
The jurisdiction specified in article 6(2) and article
10 in actions on a warranty of guarantee or in any other third party proceedings may not
invoked in Germany or in Austria. Persons domiciled
in another Contracting State may be brought before the courts
-in Germany, pursuant to articles 68, 72, 73 and 74 of the
Code of civil procedure (Zivilprozessordnung) concerning
third-party notices
-in Austria, pursuant to article 21 of the code of civil procedure
(Zivilprozessordnung) concerning third-party notices.
Judgments given in other Contracting States, with the support of
Article 6(2) or article 10 shall be recognised and enforced in
Germany and Austria in accordance with title III. The
legal effects which judgments given in these States may have for
third parties by application of the preceding paragraph shall also
be recognised in the other Contracting States.
Article Va63
In case that maintenance obligations covered by the term of court
also the Danish administrative authorities.
In Sweden referred to in summary proceedings concerning
payment procedure and assistance with the expression "Court"
also the Swedish enforcement authority.
Article Vb64
In a dispute between the master and one in the crew of a
sea-going ship registered in Denmark, Greece,
Ireland or Portugal where wages or other conditions of employment,
the courts of another Contracting State shall consider whether it
diplomatic or consular officer responsible for the
the vessel has been informed of the dispute. The Court shall
Let the outcome of delayed so long as the notice has not been
occurred. It shall declare of its own motion if
the official, duly notified, has exercised its
powers in the matter under a consular Convention, or, in
the absence of such a Convention, within the required time,
made the objection of the Court's jurisdiction in the dispute.
Article Vc65
When articles 52 and 53 of this Convention, in accordance with
Article 69.5 of the Convention for the European patent for the
common market, signed at Luxembourg on 15 december
in 1975, apply to the provisions relating to residence in the
English text of the Convention is considered the term residence
in the text have the same meaning as the term established in the
articles 52 and 53.
Article Vd66
Subject to the jurisdiction of the European
Patent Office under the European patent Convention
signed at Munich on 5 October 1973, the courts of
Each Contracting State, irrespective of the place of residence, have exclusive
jurisdiction in proceedings concerning the registration or validity
of a European patent granted for that State and
that is not a Community patent by virtue of article 86 in
Convention for the European patent for the common market,
signed at Luxembourg on 15 december 1975.
Article Ve67
An arrangement relating to maintenance obligations concluded with
administrative authorities or authenticated by them
shall also be considered as an official document under item 50
the first paragraph of the Convention.
Article VI
States parties shall submit to the Secretary General at the
The Council of the European Communities shall forward such legal texts
changes either in the provisions to which reference is made in
This Convention or the lists of courts
specified in title III, section 2, of the Convention.
For evidence of this, the undersigned authorized representative
signed this Protocol.
Done at Brussels on the 27th september
nittonhundrasextioåtta.
(The designated authorized representative signature.)
PROTOCOL
If the Court's interpretation of the Convention of 27 september 1968 on
the Court's jurisdiction and the enforcement of judgments in
civil område68
THE HIGH CONTRACTING PARTIES TO THE TREATY ESTABLISHING
THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY,
Referring to the Declaration annexed to the Convention on the
jurisdiction and the enforcement of judgments in
Civil and commercial matters, signed at Brussels on 27 september
1968.
Has decided to adopt a protocol which gives the European
Court of Justice jurisdiction to interpret the Convention
and to this end have designated as their Plenipotentiaries:
(List of Plenipotentiaries designated by
Member States.)
Who, meeting within the Council, having exchanged their full powers
and found them to be in good and due form.
HAVE AGREED UPON THE FOLLOWING.
Article 1
The European Court of Justice has jurisdiction to interpret
Convention on jurisdiction and the enforcement of
judgments in civil and commercial matters and to the Convention
annexed Protocol signed in Brussels on 27 september
in 1968, and this Protocol.
The Court is also competent to interpret
Convention on the accession of the Kingdom of Denmark, Ireland and the United
Kingdom United Kingdom and Northern Ireland access to
Convention on 27 september 1968 and to this protokoll69.
The Court is also competent to interpret
Convention on the accession of the Republic of Greece's access to
Convention of 27 september 1968 and to this Protocol,
so they have been adapted by the 1978 konvention70.
The Court is also competent to interpret
Convention on the accession of the Kingdom of Spain and the Portuguese Republic
access to the Convention on 27 september 1968, as well as to
This Protocol, as adjusted by the 1978 and 1982
annual konventioner71.
The Court is also competent to interpret
Convention on the accession of the Republic of Austria, the Republic of Finland and the
Admission of the Kingdom of Sweden to the Convention on 27
September 1968 and to this Protocol, so that they have
adapted by 1978, 1982 and 1989 konventioner72.
Article 2
The following courts may request the Court to
give a preliminary ruling on a question referred for a preliminary ruling:
1.-in Belgium: Cour de cassation-Hof van Cassatie and
Conseil d'Etat-Raad van State,
-in Denmark: højesteret,
-in the Federal Republic of Germany: die obersten Gerichtshöfe des
Bundes,
-in Greece: (((((((((((((((((((,
-in Spain: Tribunal Supremo,
-in France: Cour de cassation and the Conseil d'Etat,
-in Ireland: the Supreme Court,
-in Italy: Corte suprema di cassazione,
-in Luxembourg, the "Cour supérieure de justice in its composition
as the Cour de Cassation,
the Oberster Gerichtshof Austria-: in, the Verwaltungsgerichtshof and the
The verfassungsgerichtshof,
-in the Netherlands: the Hoge Raad,
-in Portugal: the Supremo Tribunal de justiça Supremo Tribunal and
Administrativo,
-in Finland: the Supreme Court/the korkein oikeus and highest
korkein hallintooikeus/administrative court,
-in Sweden: the Supreme Court, Supreme Administrative Court, the Labour Court
and the market Court,
-in the United Kingdom: the House of Lords and the courts to
What applications under article 37, second subparagraph, or article
41 of the Convention has gjorts73;
2. States parties ' courts when they are courts of appeal,
3. in the cases referred to in article 37 of the Convention, the courts
as mentioned in the article.
Article 3
1. When a question of interpretation of the Convention and of the other
the texts referred to in article 1 is raised in a case
before any of the courts referred to in article 2(1) and
This Court finds that a decision on this matter is necessary
to enable it to give judgment, it is required to request
to the Court for a preliminary ruling.
2. When such a question is raised before any court referred to in
Article 2(2) and (3), this Court may, under the conditions laid down
in paragraph 1 may request the Court of Justice for a preliminary ruling.
Article 4
1. A competent authority of a Contracting State has the right to
request that the Court of Justice adjudicates in a question on the interpretation of
the Convention and the other texts referred to in article 1, if
judgments given by the courts of the State in conflict either
against the interpretation made by the Court or against a judgment of a
such a Court of another Contracting State mentioned in article
2.1 and 2.2. The provisions of this paragraph apply only to judgments
that has become final.
2. The interpretation made by the Court in respect of such a
the request does not affect the judgments which gave rise to the request for
interpretation.
3. The highest Government representative at the
scrap the courts of States parties, or any other
authority designated by a Contracting State competent to turn
to the Court with a request for an interpretation in accordance with paragraph 1.
4. When such a request is received, the Court's
the Registrar shall inform the Contracting States and the
Commission of the European communities and the Council, which in a
period of two months after notification has the right to
submit to the court statements of case or written observations.
5. The procedure laid down in this article shall not
lead to charges or to substitute for
costs or expenses awarded.
Article 5
1. Unless otherwise provided for in this Protocol, they shall
provisions of the Treaty establishing the European
Economic Community and the people in the annexed Protocol on
the Statute of the Court which applies when
preliminary ruling, shall also apply in the interpretation of the Convention
and the other texts referred to in article 1.
2. The rules of procedure of the Court shall, if necessary, adapted and
supplemented in accordance with article 188 of the Treaty on
the establishment of the European economic community.
Article 6
. . . 74
Article 775
This Protocol shall be ratified by the signatory States.
Instruments of ratification shall be deposited with the
the Secretary-General of the European communities.
Article 876
This Protocol shall enter into force on the first day of the third
a month after the instrument of ratification
by the last signatory State which fulfills this formality. The
However, shall enter in force no earlier than at the same time as the Convention on 27
September 1968 on jurisdiction and the enforcement of
judgments in civil and commercial matters.
Article 9
States parties noted that any State which becomes a Member
the European Economic Community and in relation to
which article 63 of the Convention on jurisdiction and the
enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters is applicable
shall accept the provisions of this Protocol, subject to
the necessary adaptation.
Article 1077
The Secretary-General of the European Communities shall
notify the signatory States of
(a) the deposit of each instrument of ratification),
b) the date of entry into force of the present Protocol,
c) dispositions that have been received in accordance with article 4(3),
d) . . . 78
Article 11
States parties shall submit to the Secretary General at the
The Council of the European Communities shall forward such legal texts
means changes in the list of courts set out in
Article 2 (1).
Article 12
This Protocol is valid for unlimited time.
Article 13
Any Contracting State may require that this Protocol be revised.
If this happens, the Chairman of the Council of the European communities
convene a revision Conference.
Article 1479
This Protocol is drawn up in a single original in the
German, French, Italian and Dutch languages, four
texts being equally authentic, shall be deposited in the archives of
the General Secretariat of the Council of the European communities.
The Secretary-General shall transmit a certified copy to
the Government of each signatärstat80.
For evidence of this, the undersigned authorized representative
signed this Protocol.
Done at Luxembourg on the third of June nittonhundrasjuttioett.
(The authorized representatives signatures.)
1 Prop. 1997/98:102, bet. 1997/98: LU24, rskr. 1997/98:231.
2 the Convention's other texts are available from
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
1 the text as amended by the Convention of 9 October
1978 on the accession of the Kingdom of Denmark, Ireland and the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, below
called "the 1978 Convention", the Convention of 25 October
1982 concerning the access of the Hellenic Republic, hereinafter referred to as ' the 1982
Convention "and the Convention of 26 May 1989 on the accession of the Kingdom of
Spain and the Portuguese Republic, hereinafter referred to as the "1989
Annual Convention ", and the Convention of 29 november 1996 on the
The Republic of Austria, the Republic of Finland and the Kingdom of
Sweden's entry, hereinafter "the 1996 Convention".
2 the preamble of the 1989 Convention contains the following text:
"Bearing in mind that the Member States of the community and
Member States of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA)
on 16 september 1988 Lugano Convention was included on Court
jurisdiction and the enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial
area, which extends the principles of the Brussels Convention to
to apply to the States taking up this Convention. "
3 second sentence added by article 3 of the 1978 Convention.
4 Change evidenced by a notice left on February 8
in 1988, in accordance with article VI of the attached Protocol and
confirmed in the 1989 Convention, annex I, paragraph (e). 1.
5 second subparagraph as amended by article 4 of the 1978
Convention, article 3 of the 1982 Convention, article 3 of
the 1989 Convention and article 2 of the 1996 Convention.
6 article 5(1), as amended in the text in French by
Article 5(1) of the Convention of 1978, as amended by
Article 4 of the 1989 Convention.
7 article 5, paragraph 2 as amended by article 5(3) of the 1978
Convention.
8 article 5(6) added by article 5(4) of the 1978
Convention.
9 Article 5(7) added by article 5(4) of the 1978
Convention.
10 article 5 added by article 5 of the 1989 Convention.
11 article added by article 6 of the 1978 Convention.
12 the text as amended by article 7 of the 1978
Convention.
13 the text as amended by article 8 of the 1978
Convention.
14 Article added by article 9 of the 1978 Convention.
15 the text as amended by article 10 of the 1978
Convention.
16 article 16 (1) as amended by article 6 of the 1989
Convention.
17 Text as amended by article 11 of the 1978
Convention and article 7 of the 1989 Convention.
18 second subparagraph as amended by article 12 of the 1978
Convention.
19 Text as amended by article 8 of the 1989
Convention.
20 article 27(2) as amended by article 13 (1) of the 1978
Convention.
21 Article added by article 27(5), 13 (2) of the 1978
Convention.
22 the second subparagraph added by article 14 of the 1978
Convention.
23 the text as amended by article 9 of the 1989
Convention.
24 the second subparagraph is added to article 15 of the 1978
Convention.
25 Change evidenced by a notice left on February 8
in 1988, in accordance with article VI of the attached Protocol and
confirmed by the 1989 Convention, annex I, section e. 2.
26 Article 32 (1), as amended by article 16 of the 1978
Convention, article 4 of the 1982 Convention, article 10 of the 1989
Convention and article 3 of the 1996 Convention.
27 the text as amended by article 17 of the 1978
Convention, article 5 of the 1982 Convention, article 11 of the 1989
Convention and article 4 of the 1996 Convention.
28 the second paragraph has been added by article 18 of the 1978
Convention.
29 article 40 (1) as amended by article 19 of the 1978
Convention, article 6 of the 1982 Convention, article 12 of the 1989
Convention and article 5 of the 1996 Convention.
30 Text as amended by article 20 of the 1978
Convention, article 7 of the 1982 Convention, article 13 of the 1989
Convention and article 6 of the 1996 Convention.
31 the text as amended by article 21 of the 1978
Convention and the 1989 Convention, annex I, paragraph (e). 3.
32 article 46 (2), as amended by article 22 of the 1978
Convention.
33 the first subparagraph as amended by article 14 of the 1989
Convention.
34 the third paragraph has been deleted by article 15 of the 1989
Convention.
35 the second paragraph has been added by article 23 of the 1978
Convention.
36 the text as replaced by article 16 of the 1989
Convention.
37 1978 Convention contains in title V, the following
transitional provisions:
"Article 34
1. the 1968 Convention and the 1971 Protocol, as amended
According to this Convention shall apply only to legal
proceedings instituted and to authentic instruments
has been formally drawn up or registered after this Convention
entry into force in the State of origin and, in the case of recognition
or enforcement of a judgment or authentic instrument, in
the State in which the application is addressed to.
2. In the relations between the six States which included the 1968
Convention shall judgments given after this Convention
into force of the Treaty in cases that have been brought before the
that day, however, be recognised and enforced in accordance with the provisions of
Title III of the 1968 Convention as amended by this
Convention.
3. In addition, the relations between the six States that
included the 1968 Convention and the three States mentioned in
Article 1 of this Convention, as well as in the relations between
These three States, to judgments given after this
the entry into force of the Convention between the State of origin and the State
which the application is addressed to, in cases that have
brought before that date shall be recognised and enforced
in accordance with the provisions of title III of the 1968 Convention in
amended under this Convention, if jurisdiction has
founded on rules which accord either with
the provisions of the amended title II or with
the provisions of a Convention which was in force between
State of origin and the State in which the application is addressed at
time of the destination or the referral. "
the 1982 Convention contains in title V, the following
transitional provisions:
"Article 12
1. the 1968 Convention and the 1971 Protocol, as amended
According to the 1978 Convention and this Convention, shall
apply only to legal proceedings instituted and
on official documents which have been formally drawn up or registered
After the entry into force of this Convention in the State of origin and, in
question on the recognition or enforcement of a judgment or a
official document, in the State of ansöken is addressed to.
2. Judgments given after this Convention
into force of the agreement between the State of origin and the State in which the application
targeting, in cases that are pending before
on that date, shall be recognised and enforced in the State
the application is aimed at according to the provisions of title III of
the 1968 Convention, as amended by the 1978 Convention
and this Convention, if jurisdiction was founded on
provisions that comply either with the provisions of
the change in title II of the 1968 Convention, or with
the provisions of a Convention which was in force between
State of origin and the State in which the application is addressed at
time of the destination or the referral. "
the 1989 Convention contains in Title VI the following
transitional provisions:
"Article 29
1. the 1968 Convention and the 1971 Protocol, as amended
According to the 1978 Convention, the 1982 Convention and this
Convention, shall apply only to legal proceedings
has been initiated and on official documents that have been prepared
or registered after the entry into force of this Convention in
State of origin and, in the case of recognition or enforcement
of a judgment or authentic instrument, in the State in which the application
is addressed to.
2. Judgments given after this Convention
into force of the agreement between the State of origin and the State in which the application
targeting, in cases that are pending before
on that date, shall be recognised and enforced in accordance with the
the provisions of title III of the 1968 Convention, in its
as amended by the 1978 Convention, the 1982 Convention and
This Convention, if jurisdiction was founded on rules
that comply either with the provisions of the amended
Title II of the 1968 Convention, or with the provisions of
a Convention which was in force between the State of origin and the State
which the application is addressed at the time of the target's or the
referral. "
the 1996 Convention provides in title V, the following
transitional provisions:
"1. the 1968 Convention and the 1971 Protocol, as amended
According to the 1978 Convention, the 1982 Convention, the 1989
Convention and this Convention, shall apply only to
legal proceedings instituted and to authentic
documents which have been formally drawn up or registered after the entry into force of this
the entry into force of the Convention in the State of origin and, in the case of
recognition or enforcement of a judgment or authentic
action, in the State in which the application is addressed to.
2. Judgments given after this Convention
into force of the agreement between the State of origin and the State in which the application
targeting, in cases that are pending before
on that date, shall be recognised and enforced in accordance with the
the provisions of title III of the 1968 Convention, in its
as amended by the 1978 Convention, the 1982 Convention, the 1989
Convention and this Convention, if jurisdiction has
founded on rules which accord either with
the provisions of the amended title II of the 1968
Convention, or with the provisions of a Convention which was in force
between the State of origin and the State in which the application is addressed to the
at the time of the goal or the result. "
38 This paragraph shall replace article 35 of title V of the 1978
Convention which had been extended to cover the Republic of
Greece by article 1 (2) of the 1982 Convention. In 1989
Convention States that these last two provisions
shall be deleted.
39 this article added by article 17 of the 1989
Convention. It corresponds to article 36 of title V of the 1978
Convention has been extended to cover the Republic of Greece
by article 1 (2) of the 1982 Convention. In the 1989 Convention,
Article 28 provides that these last two provisions
shall be deleted.
40 indent added by article 24 of the 1978 Convention.
41 indent added by article 7 of the 1996 Convention.
42 indent added by article 7 of the 1996 Convention.
43 indent added by article 24 of the 1978 Convention.
44 indent added by article 8 of the 1982 Convention.
45 indent added by article 7 of the 1996 Convention.
46 indent added by article 24 of the 1978 Convention.
47 indent added by article 18 of the 1989 Convention.
48 Article 57 (1) as amended by article 25(1) of the 1978
Convention and article 19 of the 1989 Convention.
49 article 57 (2) added by article 19 of the 1989 Convention.
Article 57 (2) corresponds to article 25(2) of the 1978 Convention
has been extended to apply to the Republic of Greece by article 1.2 of the
the 1982 Convention. In the 1989 Convention, article 28,
provided that the last two provisions shall cease to
apply.
50 article 57 (3) added by article 25(1) of the 1978
Convention.
51 Text as amended by article 20 of the 1989
Convention.
52 second subparagraph added by article 26 of the 1978
Convention.
53 article 21 of the 1989 Convention provides that article
60, as amended by article 27 of the 1978 Convention, shall be deleted.
54 ratification of the 1978 and 1982 Conventions is regulated in
articles 38 and 14 of those conventions.
The ratification of the 1989 Convention is governed by article 3A of the
that Convention, which reads as follows:
"Article 31
This Convention shall be subject to ratification by the signatory States.
Instruments of ratification shall be deposited with the
the Secretary-General of the European communities. "
The ratification of the 1996 Convention is governed by article 15 of the
that Convention, which reads as follows:
' Article 15
This Convention shall be subject to ratification by the signatory States.
Instruments of ratification shall be deposited with the
the Secretary General of the Council of the European Union. "
55 1978 and 1982 conventions into force was regulated in
articles 39 and 15 of those conventions.
the 1989 entry into force of the Convention is governed by article 32 of
that Convention, which reads as follows:
"Article 32
1. This Convention shall enter into force on the first day of the
third month following the two signatory States, of which one
is the Kingdom of Spain or the Republic of Portugal, has
deposited their instruments of ratification.
2. In relation to each other signatory State enters this
Convention in force on the first day of the third month following
the State has deposited its instrument of ratification. "
The entry into force of the 1996 Convention is governed by article 16 of the
that Convention, which reads as follows:
"Article 16
1. This Convention shall enter into force on the first day of the
third month following the two signatory States, of which one
shall be the Republic of Austria, the Republic of Finland or
Kingdom of Sweden, have deposited their
instrument of ratification.
2. In relation to each other signatory State enters this
Convention in force on the first day of the third month following
the State has deposited its instrument of ratification. "
56 Communications on the 1978 and the 1982 Conventions governed
in articles 40 and 16 of these conventions.
Notifications about the 1989 Convention is governed by article 33 of the
that Convention, which reads as follows:
"Article 33
The Secretary-General of the European Communities shall
notify the signatory States of
(a) the deposit of each instrument of ratification),
(b)) date of the entry into force of the Convention for
the States parties to the present Covenant. "
Notifications about the 1996 Convention is governed by article 17 of the
that Convention, which reads as follows:
"Article 17
The Secretary General of the Council of the European Union shall
notify the signatory States of
(a) the deposit of each instrument of ratification),
(b)) date of the entry into force of the Convention for
the States parties to the present Covenant. "
57 in article 22 of the 1989 Convention States that (c), as amended
Article 28 of the 1978 Convention, shall be deleted.
58 the indication of the texts being equally authentic, follow by
the following provisions:
-in the case of the 1978 con vein tone, article 41 of the same
Convention, the article reads as follows:
"Article 41
This Convention, drawn up in a single original in the
Danish, English, French, Irish, Italian, Dutch and
German languages, all seven texts being equally authentic, shall
be deposited in the archives of the General Secretariat of the Council of the European
communities. The Secretary-General shall transmit a
certified copy to the Government of each signatory State. "
-in the case of the 1982 Convention, article 17 of the same
Convention, the article reads as follows:
"Article 17
This Convention, drawn up in a single original in the
Danish, English, French, German, Greek, Irish, Italian,
Dutch and German languages, all eight texts everyone owns
equally authentic, shall be deposited in the archives of
the General Secretariat of the Council of the European communities.
The Secretary-General shall transmit a certified copy to
Government of each signatory State. "
-in the case of the 1989 Convention, article 34 of the same
Convention, the article reads as follows:
"Article 34
This Convention, drawn up in a single original in the
Danish, English, French, German, Greek, Irish, Italian,
Dutch, Portuguese, Spanish and Swedish languages,
all ten texts being equally authentic, shall be deposited in the archives
of the General Secretariat of the Council of the European communities.
The Secretary-General shall transmit a certified copy to
Government of each signatory State. "
-as regards the 1996 Convention, article 18 of the
Convention, the article reads as follows:
"Article 18
This Convention, drawn up in a single original in the
Spanish, Danish, German, Greek, English, French, Irish,
Italian, Dutch, Portuguese, Finnish and Swedish
languages, all twelve texts being equally authentic, shall
be deposited in the archives of the General Secretariat of the Council of the European
communities.
The Secretary-General shall transmit a certified copy to
Government of each signatory State. "
59 Drafting of texts which possess validity to the 1968
Convention in the official languages of the acceding Member States
follow by
-in the case of the 1978 Convention, article 37 of the same
Convention, the article reads as follows:
"Article 37
The Secretary-General of the European Communities shall
to the Governments of the Kingdom of Denmark, Ireland and the United
the Kingdom of United Kingdom and Northern Ireland shall submit a
certified copy of the 1968 Convention and the 1971 Protocol on
French, Italian, Dutch and German languages.
The Danish, English and Irish in the texts of the 1968
Convention and the 1971 Protocol annexed to this Convention.
The Danish, English and Irish languages written texts
being equally authentic as the original naltexterna to 1968
Convention and the 1971 Protocol. "
-in the case of the 1982 Convention, article 13 of the same
Convention, the article reads as follows:
"Article 13
The Secretary General of the Council of the European Communities shall
the Government of the Hellenic Republic to forward a certified true copy
of the 1968 Convention, the 1971 Protocol, the 1978
Convention in the Danish, Dutch, English, French, Irish, Italian,
Dutch and German languages.
The lyrics to the 1968 Convention, the 1971 Protocol and the 1978
Convention, drawn up in the Greek language, see
annexed to this Convention. The texts that have been prepared on
Greek language possesses equal validity as the other texts of the
the 1968 Convention, the 1971 Protocol, the 1978
Convention. "
-in the case of the 1989 Convention, article 30 of the same
Convention, the article reads as follows:
"Article 30
1. the Secretary-General of the European Communities shall
to the Governments of the Kingdom of Spain and the Portuguese Republic
submit a certified copy of the 1968 Convention, the 1971
Protocol, the 1978 Convention and the 1982 Convention of ars on
Danish, English, French, German, Greek, Irish, Italian,
Dutch and German languages.
2. The texts of the 1968 Convention, the 1971 Protocol, the 1978
Convention, the 1982 Convention, drawn up on the
Spanish and Portuguese languages are set out in annexes II, III,
IV and V to this Convention. The texts drawn up in the
Spanish and Portuguese languages have equal validity as those
other texts of the 1968 Convention, the 1971 Protocol,
the 1978 Convention and the 1982 Convention. "
-as regards the 1996 Convention, article 14 of the same
Convention, the article reads as follows:
"Article 14
1. the Secretary-General of the Council of the European Union shall
The Republic of Austria, the Republic of Finland, and the Kingdom of
The Swedish Governments submit a certified copy of the 1968
Convention, the 1971 Protocol, the 1978 Convention, the 1982
Convention and the 1989 Convention in the Spanish, Danish, German,
Greek, English, French, Irish, Italian, Dutch
and Portuguese languages.
2. The texts of the 1968 Convention, the 1971 Protocol, the 1978
Convention, the 1982 Convention and the 1989 Convention which
are drawn up in the Finnish and Swedish languages are equally
validity as the other texts of the 1968 Convention, 1971
Protocol, the 1978 Convention, the 1982 Convention and
the 1989 Convention. '
60 1978, 1982 and 1989 annual conventions have been signed by the
the Member States ' accredited representative. The Kingdom Of Denmark
authorized representative's signature is followed by the following text:
"Without that, upon ratification, sacrificing a territorial
reservation in respect of Faroe Islands and Greenland, as well
the ability to later extend the Convention's scope to
include these two territories. "
61 the text as amended by the 1978, 1982 and 1989
conventions.
62 Article such as amended by article 8 of the 1996
Convention.
63 article added by article 29 of the 1978 Convention and
as amended by article 9 of the 1996 Convention.
64 article added by article 29 of the 1978 Convention,
as amended by article 9 of the 1982 Convention and article 23 of
the 1989 Convention.
65 Article added by article 29 of the 1978 Convention.
66 article added by article 29 of the 1978 Convention.
67 Article added by article 10 of the 1996 Convention.
68 Text as amended by the Convention of 9 October
1978 on the accession of the Kingdom of Denmark, Ireland and the United
Kingdom United Kingdom and Northern Ireland, below
called "the 1978 Convention", the Convention of 25 October
1982 concerning the access of the Hellenic Republic, hereinafter referred to as ' the 1982
Convention "and the Convention of 26 May 1989 on the accession of the Kingdom of
Spain and the Portuguese Republic, hereinafter referred to as the "1989
Annual Convention ", and the Convention of 29 november 1996 on the
The Republic of Austria, the Republic of Finland and the Kingdom of
Sweden's entry, hereinafter "the 1996 Convention".
69 second subparagraph added by article 30 of the 1978
Convention.
70 third paragraph added by article 10 of the 1982
Convention.
71 Fourth subparagraph added by article 24 of the 1989
Convention.
72 Fifth subparagraph added by article 11 of the 1996
Convention.
73 Point 1 as amended by article 31 of the 1978
Convention, article 11 of the 1982 Convention, article 25 of the 1989
Convention and article 12 of the 1996 Convention.
74 article 26 of the 1989 Convention provides that article 6,
as amended by article 32 of the 1978 Convention, shall be deleted.
75 see footnote 54.
76 see footnote 55.
77 see footnote 56.
78 in article 27 of the 1989 Convention provides that (d), as amended
Article 33 of the 1978 Convention, shall be deleted.
79 see footnote 58.
80 see footnote 59.