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Act (1998:358) Of The Brussels Convention

Original Language Title: Lag (1998:358) om Brysselkonventionen

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paragraph 1 of the Convention of 27 september 1968 on jurisdiction

and the enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters and

Conventions of accession of 9 October 1978, 25 October

in 1982, on 26 May 1989, and on 29 november 1996 (Brussels con ven-

tion), as well as the Protocol of 3 June 1971 on the ECJ's

interpretation of the Brussels Convention, as amended by the said

access conventions, shall be valid as law in this country.



The Swedish, English and French texts of Brussels con ven-

and of the 1971 Protocol, as amended by the

access conventions referred to in the first subparagraph are inmates

as an annex to this law.



The Government announces the States that are party

The Brussels Convention and the 1971 Protocol, as well as the contents of the

such notification of changes in national law or in

the lists of courts or tribunals referred to in article VI of the

the Convention's protocols.



paragraph 2 of article 64 of the Convention on 30 October 2007

jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of

judgments in civil and commercial matters (the 2007 Lugano Convention)

There are rules about when the Convention will be applied in

instead of the Brussels Convention. Law (2009:1311).



section 3 of the Supplementary provisions of the Act (2014:912)

supplementary provisions on jurisdiction and the

recognition and international enforcement of certain

rulings. Law (2014:929).



4 repealed by law (2002:462).



section 5 was repealed by law (2002:462).



section 6 of the repealed law (2002:462).



7 repealed by law (2002:462).



section 8 Has been repealed by law (2002:462).



CONVENTION

expired la compétence judiciaire et l ' exécution des

matière civile et commerciale decisions a



The REPUBLIC to



LES HAUTES PARTIES CONTRACTANTES AU TRAITÉ INSTITUANT LA

COMMUNAUTÉ ÉCONOMIQUE EUROPÉENNE,



DÉSIRANT mettre en ceuvre les disposition de l'article 220

dudit traité en vertu duquel elles se sont engagées à assurer

La simplification des formalites auxquelles sont subordonnées

La reconnaissance et l ' exécution réciproques des decisions

judiciaires,



SOUCIEUSES de renforcer la protection dans la Communauté

juridique des personnes qui y sont établies,



CONSIDÉRANT qu'il import à cette fin de determiner la

compétence de leurs juridictions dans l'ordre international, the

especially the la reconnaissance et d ' instaurer une procédure rapide

increase its d ' exécution des decisions assurer l ' des actes

instruments et des transactions judiciaires,



ONT DÉCIDÉ de conclure la présente convention et ont désigné à

CET effet comme plénipotentiaires:



[Plénipotentiaires désignés par les États principles]



LESQUELS, réunis au sein du Conseil, après avoir échangé leurs

pleins pouvoirs reconnus en bonne et due forme,



SONT CONVENUS QUI SUIVENT DES OUTLINE



TITRE PREMIER CHAMP D ' APPLICATION



Article premier



La présente convention s ' applique en matière civile et

Commerciale et quelle que soit la nature de la juridiction.

Elle ne recouvre ' notamment ' pas les matières fiscales,

douanières ou administratives.



Sont exclus de son application



1) l ' état et la capacité des personnes physiques, les régimes

matrimoniaux, les testaments et les successional;



2) les faillites, procédures et autres concord ats analogues;



3) la sécurité sociale;



4) l ' arbitrage.



TITRE II

COMPÉTENCE



Section première

Disposition générales



Article 2



Sous réserve des disposition de la présente convention, les

personnes domiciliées sur le territoire d'un État contractant

sont attraites, quelle que soit leur nationalité, devant les

juridictions de cet État.



Les personnes qui ne possèdent pas la nationalité de l ' État

elles sont dans domiciliées amend the terms y sont soumises aux règles

de compétence applicables aux nationaux.



Article 3



Les personnes domiciliées sur le territoire d'un État

contractant ne attraites devant les tribunaux can être d'un

Autre État contractant qu ' en vertu des règles énoncées aux

sections 2 à 6 du présent titre.



Ne can être invoqués contre elles ' notamment ':



-en Belgique: l'article 15 du code civil (the Burgerlijk Wetboek)

et l'article 638 du code judiciaire (Judicial Code),



-au Danemark: l'article 246 paragraphes 2 et 3 de la loi sur

la procédure civile (Lov om rettens maintenance),



-en république fédérale d'Allemagne: l'article 23 du code de

procédure civile (Zivilprozessordnung),



-en Grèce: l'article 40 du code de procédure civile

( ),



-en France: les articles 14 et 15 du code civil,



-en Irlande: les disposition relatives à la compétence fondée

sur un acte introductif d'instance signifié ou notifié au

défendeur qui se trouve temporairement en Irlande,



-en Italie: l'article 2 et l'article 4 no 1 et no 2 du code de

procédure civile (Codice di procedura civile),



-au Luxembourg: les articles 14 et 15 du code civil,



-Austria: l'article 99 de la loi sur la compétence

judiciaire (Jurisdiktionsnorm),



-aux Pays-Bas: l'article 126 French alinéa et l'article 127

du code de procédure civile (Wetboek van Burgerlijke

Rechtsvordering),



-au Portugal: l'article 65 paragraphe 1 point c), l'article 65

paragraphe 2 et l'article 65 lettre (A) point (c)) code de

procédure civile (Código de Processo Civil) et l'article 11 du

Code de procédure du travail (Código de Processo de Trabalho),



-en Finlande: oikeudenkäymiskaari/code of judicial procedure, chapitre

10 article 1er, alinéa premier French deuxième et quatrième

phrases,



-en Suède: le chapitre 10 article 3 premier alinéa première

phrase du code de procédure judiciaire (judicial procedure),



-au Royaume-Uni: les disposition relatives à la compétence

fondée sur:



a) un acte introductif d'instance signifié ou notifié au

défendeur qui se trouve temporairement au Royaume-Uni;



b) l ' existence au Royaume-Uni de biens appartenant au

défendeur;



c) par le demandeur la seizure for de biens situés au Royaume-Uni.



Article 4



SI le défendeur n'est pas domicilié sur le territoire d'un État

contractant, la compétence est, dans chaque État contractant,

réglée par la loi de cet État, sous réserve de l'application

des outline de l'article 16.



Toute personne, quelle que soit sa nationalité, domiciliée sur

Le territoire d'un État contractant, peut, comme les nationaux,

y invoquer contre ce défendeur les règles de compétence qui y

sont en vigueur et celles prévues à l'article ' notamment ' 3

deuxième alinéa.



Section 2



Compétences spéciales



Article 5



Le défendeur domicilié sur le territoire d'un État contractant

peut être un autre État attrait contractant, dans:



1) a matière contractuelle, devant le tribunal du lieu où

l ' bond qui sert de base à la demande a été ou doit être

exécutée; en matière de contrat individual de travail, ce lieu

EST celui où le travailleur accomplit son habituellement

travail; lorsque le travailleur n ' accomplit pas habituellement

son travail dans un même pays, l ' être employeur peut également

attrait devant le tribunal du lieu où se trouve ou se trouvait

l ' establishment qui a le travailleur embauché;



2) a matière d ' obligation alimentaire, devant le tribunal du

lieu où le créancier d ' aliments a son domicile ou sa résidence

habituelle, ou, s'il s ' agit d'une demande accessoire à une

action relative à l ' état des personnes, devant le tribunal

compétent selon la loi du for pour en connaître, sauf si cette

compétence est fondée uniquement sur la nationalité d'une des

Parties;



3 matière délictuelle ou quasi) a délictuelle, devant le

Tribunal du lieu où le fait solution s ' est produit;



4) s'il s ' agit d'une action en réparation de dommage ou d'une

action a restitution fondées sur une infraction, devant le

tribunal saisi de l'action publique, dans la mesure où, selon

SA loi, ce tribunal peut connaître de action civile;



5) s'il s ' agit d'une contestation relative à l ' exploitation

d'une succursale, d'une agence ou de tout autre establishment,

devant le tribunal du lieu de leur situation;



6) an sa qualité de fondateur, the trustee ou de bénéficiaire

d'un trust constitué soit en application de la loi, soit par

écrit ou par une convention verbale, confirmée par écrit,

devant les tribunaux de l ' État contractant sur le territoire

duquel le trust a son domicile;



7) s'il s ' agit d'une contestation relative au paiement de la

réclamé rémunération en raison de l'Assistance ou du sauvetage

dont a bénéficié une cargaison ou un fret, devant le tribunal

dans le ressort duquel cette cargaison ou le fret s ' y

rapportant:



a) a été saisi pour garantir ce paiement



OU



b) aurait à être saisi Appendix: variations of "cet effet, mais une caution ou autre

sûreté a été donnée;



cette disposition ne s ' applique que s'il est prétendu que le

défendeur a un droit sur la cargaison ou sur le fret ou qu'il

avait un tel droit au moment de cette assistance ou de ce

sauvetage.



Article 6



CE même défendeur peut aussi être attrait:



1) s'il y a plusieurs défendeurs, devant le tribunal du

the domicile de un d eux;



2) s'il s ' agit d'une demande en garantie ou d'une demande a

intervention, devant le tribunal saisi de la demande

originaire, à moins qu'elle ait été formée ' que pour traduire

hors de son tribunal celui qui a été appelé;



3) s'il s ' agit d'une demande reconventionnelle qui dérive you

contrat ou du fait la demande est fondée sur originaire amend the terms,

devant le tribunal saisi de celle-ci;



4) a matière contractuelle, si l'action peut être jointe à une

matière de droits réels action a immobiliers dirigée contre le

même défendeur, devant le tribunal de l ' État contractant où

l immeuble est situé.




Article 6 bis



Lorsque, en vertu de la présente convention, un tribunal d'un

État contractant est compétent pour connaître des actions a

responsabilité du fait de l ' utilisation ou de l ' exploitation

d'un navire, ce tribunal ou tout autre que lui substitue is la loi

interne de cet État connaît aussi des demandes relatives à la

limitation de cette responsabilité.



Section 3



Compétence en matière d ' assurances



Article 7



En matière d ' assurances, la compétence est déterminée par la

présente section, sans préjudice des disposition de l'article

4 et de l'article 5 paragraphe 5.



Article 8



L ' assureur domicilié sur le territoire d'un État contractant

peut être attrait:



devant les tribunaux 1) de l ' État où il a son domicile ou



2) dans un autre État contractant, devant le tribunal du lieu

où le preneur d ' assurance a son domicile, ou



3) s'il s ' agit d'un coassureur, devant le tribunal d'un État

contractant formée saisi de l'action contre l ' apériteur de la

coassurance.



Lorsque l ' assureur n'est pas domicilié sur le territoire d'un

État contractant, mais possède une succursale, une agence ou

tout autre État contractant dans un establishment, il est

considéré pour les contestations relatives à leur exploitation

comme ayant son domicile sur le territoire de cet État.



Article 9



L ' assureur peut, en outre, être attrait devant le tribunal du

lieu où le fait solution s ' est produit s'il s ' agit

d'Assurance de responsabilité ou d ' assurance concerning sur des

immeubles. Il en est de même si l ' assurance porte à la fois sur

des immeubles et des meubles couverts par une même police et

atteints par le même sinistre.



Article 10



En matière d'Assurance de responsabilité, peut l ' assureur

également être appelé devant le tribunal saisi de l'action de

la personne lésée contre l ' assuré si la loi de ce tribunal le

permet.



Les disposition des articles 7, 8 et 9 sont applicables en cas

d'action directe intentée par la victime contre l ' assureur

lorsque l ' action directe est possible.



Si la loi relative à cette action directe prévoit la mise en

cause you preneur d'Assurance ou de l ' assuré, le même tribunal

Sera aussi compétent à leur provide.



Article 11



Sous réserve des disposition de l'article 10 French alinéa,

l'action de assureur ne peut être portée que devant les

Tribunaux de l ' État contractant sur le territoire duquel est

domicilié le défendeur, qu'il soit preneur d'Assurance, assuré

OU bénéficiaire.



Les disposition de la présente section ne portent pas atteinte

au droit d ' introduire une demande reconventionnelle devant le

tribunal saisi d'une demande originaire conformément à la

présente section.



Article 12



Il ne peut être dérogé aux disposition de la présente section

que par des conventions:



1) postérieures à la naissance du différend ou



2) qui permettent au preneur d'Assurance ou à l ' assuré, au

bénéficiaire de saisir d ' autres tribunaux que media indiqués à

la présente section, ou



3) qui, passées entre un preneur d'Assurance et un assureur

ayant, au moment de la conclusion du contrat, ou leur domicile

leur résidence habituelle dans un même État contractant, evil

pour effet, alors même que le fait solution see produirait à

l ' étranger, attribuer aux tribunaux d ' compétence de cet État

sauf si la loi de celui-ci interdit "de telles conventions, ou



4) conclues par un preneur d'Assurance n ' ayant pas son domicile

dans un État contractant, sauf s'il s ' agit d'une assurance

obligatoire ou qui porte sur un immeuble situé dans un État

contractant, ou



5) qui concernent un contrat d'Assurance en tant que celui-ci

couvre un ou plusieurs des risques énumérés à l'article 12 bis.



Article 12 bis



Les risques visés à l'article 12 paragraphe 5 sont les

suivants:



1) tout dommage:



a) aux shipbrokers de mer, aux installation au large des côtes et

a haute mer ou aux aéronefs, causé par des événements

survenant a relation avec leur utilisation à des fins

commerciales;



b) aux marchandises autres que les bagages, des passagers

Durant un transport réalisé par ces aéronefs shipbrokers ou soit en

totalité, soit en combinaison avec d'autres modes de transport;



2) toute responsabilité, à l ' exception de celle des dommages

corporels aux passagers ou à leurs bagages,



a) résultant de l ' utilisation ou de l ' exploitation des shipbrokers,

installation ou conformément au paragraphe aéronefs, 1 point

(a)) ci-dessus, pour autant que la loi de l ' État contractant

d'immatriculation de l ' aéronef n ' interdise pas les clauses

jurisdiction de juridiction dans l'assurance de tels risques;



b) you fait de marchandises durant un transport visé au

paragraphe 1 point b) ci-dessus;



toute perte pécuniaire 3) liée à l ' utilisation ou à

l ' exploitation des aéronefs installation ou shipbrokers,

conformément au paragraphe 1 point a) ci-dessus, ' notamment '

Celle du bénéfice ou d ' affrètement you fret;



4) tout risque lié accessoirement à l'un de media visés aux

paragraphes 1 à 3 ci-dessus.



Section 4



Compétence en matière de contrats conclus par les consommateurs



Article 13



En matière de contrat conclu par une personne pour un usage

pouvant être considéré comme étranger à son activité

ci-après dénommée professionnelle, «le consommateur», la

compétence est déterminée par la présente section, sans

préjudice des disposition de l'article 4 et de l'article 5

paragraphe 5:



1) lorsqu ' il s ' agit d'une vente à tempérament d ' objets

mobiliers corporels;



2) lorsqu ' il s ' agit d'un prêt à tempérament ou d'une autre

Opération de crédit au financement dependent d'une vente de tels

objets;



3) pour tout autre contrat ayant pour objet une fourniture de

services ou d ' objets mobiliers corporels si:



a) la conclusion du contrat a été précédée dans l ' État du

domicile du consommateur d'une proposition spécialement promote your

ou d'une publicité et que



b) le consommateur a accompli dans cet État les actes

nécessaires à la conclusion de ce contrat.



Lorsque le cocontractant du consommateur n'est pas domicilié

sur le territoire d'un État contractant, mais possède une

succursale, une agence ou tout autre establishment dans un État

contractant, il est considéré pour les contestations relatives

à leur exploitation comme ayant son domicile sur le territoire

de cet État.



La présente section ne s ' applique pas au contrat de transport.



Article 14



L'action intentée par un consommateur contre l'autre partie au

contrat peut être soit portée devant les tribunaux de l ' État

contractant sur le territoire duquel est domiciliée cette

partie, soit devant les tribunaux de l ' État contractant sur le

territoire duquel est domicilié le consommateur.



L'action intentée contre le consommateur par l'autre partie au

contrat ne peut être portée que devant les tribunaux de l ' État

contractant sur le territoire duquel est domicilié le

consommateur.



Ne portent pas atteinte CES outline au droit d ' introduire

une demande reconventionnelle devant le tribunal saisi d'une

conformément à la présente demande originaire section.



Article 15



Il ne peut être dérogé aux disposition de la présente section

que par des conventions:



1) postérieures à la naissance du différend ou



2) qui permettent au consommateur de saisir d ' autres tribunaux

que media indiqués à la présente section ou



3) qui, passées entre le consommateur et son cocontractant

ayant, au moment de la conclusion du contrat, ou leur domicile

leur résidence habituelle dans un même État contractant,

attribuent compétence aux tribunaux de cet État sauf si la loi

de celui-ci interdit "de telles conventions.



Section 5



Compétences exclusives



Article 16



Seuls sont compétents, sans considération de domicile:



1) a) an matière de droits réels immobiliers et de baux

immeubles les tribunaux d ', de l ' État contractant où l ' immeuble

EST situé;



(b)) a toutefois, matière de baux d ' immeubles conclus en vue

d'un usage personnel temporaire pour une période maximal de

six mois consécutifs, sont également les tribunaux compétents

de l ' État contractant dans le défendeur amend the terms est domicilié, à

condition que le propriétaire et le locataire anything des

personnes physiques et qu ' ils anything domiciliés dans le même

État contractant;



2) a matière de validité, de dissolution ou de nullité des

sociétés ou personnes morales ayant leur siège sur le

territoire d'un État contractant, ou des decisions de leurs

organes, les tribunaux de cet État;



3) a matière de validité des inscriptions sur les registres

publics, les tribunaux de l ' État contractant sur le territoire

ces registres sont tenus duquel;



4) a matière d ' inscription ou de validité des letter,

Marques, dessins et modèles, et autres droits analogues donnant

lieu à dépôt ou à un enregistrement, les juridictions de l ' État

contractant sur le territoire duquel le dépôt ou

l ' été demandé L'enregistrement a été effectué, ou est réputé

avoir été effectué aux termes d'une convention internationale;



matière d ' exécution 5), les tribunaux des decisions de

l ' État contractant du lieu de l ' exécution.



Section 6



Prorogation de compétence



Article 17



Si les parties, dont l'une au moins a son domicile sur le

territoire d'un État contractant, sont convenues d'un tribunal

ou de tribunaux d'un État contractant pour connaître des

différends nés ou à naître à l ' occasion d'un report de droit

déterminé, ou les tribunaux de ce tribunal cet État sont seuls

compétents. Cette convention de juridiction est attributive

conclue:



a) par écrit ou verbalement avec confirmation écrite, soit



b) sous une forme qui soit conforme aux habitudes que les


Parties ont établies entre elles, soit



c) dans le commerce international, sous une forme qui soit

conforme à un usage dont les parties avaient connaissance ou

étaient censées avoir connaissance et qui est largement connu

et régulièrement observé dans ce type de commerce par les

Parties à des contrats du même type dans la branche commerciale

considérée.



Lorsqu ' une telle convention est conclue par des parties dont

n'a Aucune son domicile sur le territoire d'un État

contractant, les tribunaux des autres États contractants ne

You can différend connaître tant que le tribunal ou les

tribunaux désignés n ' ont pas décliné leur compétence.



Le tribunal ou les tribunaux d'un État contractant auxquels

l'acte constitutif d'un trust attribue compétence sont

exclusivement compétents pour connaître d'une action contre un

fondateur, un bénéficiaire ou d'un un trustee trust, s'il

s ' agit de relations entre ces personnes ou de leurs droits ou

Bond dans le cadre du trust.



Les conventions de juridiction jurisdiction ainsi que les

stipulations similaires d ' actes constitutifs de trust sont sans

Effet si elles sont contraires aux disposition des articles 12

et 15 ou si les tribunaux à la compétence desquels elles

dérogent sont exclusivement compétents en vertu de l'article

16.



SI une convention de juridiction attributive n'a été stipulée

Qu ' an addition the l'une des parties, celle-ci conserve le droit

de saisir tout autre tribunal compétent en vertu de la présente

Convention.



En matière de contrats individuels de travail, la convention

attributive de juridiction ne produit ses effets que si elle

EST postérieure à la naissance du différend ou si le

travailleur l invoque saisir que pour celui d'autres tribunaux

You domicile du défendeur ou celui indiqué à l'article 5 point

1.



Article 18



Outre les cas où sa compétence résulte d'autres outline the

la présente convention, d'un État contractant le juge devant

amend the terms le défendeur comparaît est compétent. Cette règle n'est

PAS applicable si la comparution a pour objet de contester la

compétence ou s'il existe une autre juridiction exclusivement

compétente a vertu de l'article 16.



Section 7



Vérification de la compétence et de la recevabilité



Article 19



Le juge saisi d'un État contractant, à titre principal d'un

amend the terms litige juridiction pour une autre État contractant d'un

compétente EST exclusivement en vertu de l'article 16, see

déclare d'office incompétent.



Article 20



Lorsque le défendeur domicilié sur le territoire d'un État

contractant est une juridiction attrait devant d'un autre État

contractant et ne comparaît pas, le juge se déclare d'office

incompétent si sa compétence n'est pas fondée aux termes de la

présente convention.



Le juge est tenu de surseoir à statuer aussi longtemps qu'il

n'est pas établi que ce défendeur a été mis à même de recevoir

l ' acte introductif d'instance ou un acte équivalent en temps

utile pour se défendre ou que toute diligence a été à promote your

cette fin.



Les disposition de l ' alinéa précédent seront remplacées par

Celles de l'article 15 de la convention de La Haye, 15

Novembre 1965, relative à la service et à la notification

à l ' étranger des actes judiciaires et extrajudiciaires en

matière civile ou commerciale, si l'acte introductif d'instance

(a) the contract is for an Appendix: variations of "être cette exécution convention.



Section 8



Litispendance et connexité



Article 21



Lorsque des demandes ayant le même objet et la même cause sont

formées entre les mêmes parties devant des juridictions d ' États

contractants différents, la juridiction seizure for a second lieu

sursoit d ' à jusqu ' à office statuer ce que la compétence du

tribunal saisi soit établie premier.



Lorsque la compétence du tribunal saisi le premier est établie,

tribunal saisi en second lieu see dessaisit an addition de celui-

CI.



Article 22



Lorsque des demandes connexes sont formées devant des

juridictions d ' États contractants différents et sont pendantes

au premier degré, la juridiction seizure for a second lieu peut

surseoir à statuer.



Cette juridiction peut également se dessaisir, à la demande de

l'une des parties, à condition que sa loi permette la jonction

d ' affaires connexes et que le tribunal saisi premier soit

compétent pour connaître des deux demandes.



Connexes sont, au sens du présent article, les demandes liées

entre elles par un report si étroit qu'il y a intérêt à les

instruire et à juger a même temps increase its d ' éviter des solutions

qui violence être jugées les causes inconciliables étaient si

séparément.



Article 23



Lorsque les demandes relèvent de la compétence exclusive de

plusieurs juridictions, le lieu de dessaisissement addition a a

La juridiction première of the debtor.



Section 9



Mesures conservatoires et provisoires



Article 24



Les mesures provisoires ou conservatoires prévues par la loi

d'un État contractant can être demandées aux autorités

judiciaires de cet État, même si, en vertu de la présente

Convention, une juridiction d'un autre État contractant est

compétente pour connaître du fond.



TITRE III

RECONNAISSANCE ET EXÉCUTION



Article 25



On entend par décision, au sens de la présente convention,

toute décision rendue par une juridiction d'un État contractant

Quelle que soit la dénomination qui lui est donnée, telle

Qu ' "arrêt, jugement, ordonnance d ' exécution ou mandate, ainsi que

La fixation par le greffier du montant des frais du procès.



Section première

Reconnaissance



Article 26



Les dans un État contractant decisions rendues sont reconnues

dans les autres États contractants, sans qu'il soit nécessaire

de recourir à aucune procédure.



En cas de contestation, toute partie intéressée qui invoque la

reconnaissance à titre principal peut faire constater, selon la

procédure Prevue aux sections 2 et 3 du présent titre, que la

décision doit être reconnue.



Si la reconnaissance de façon est invoquée incidente devant une

juridiction d'un État contractant, celle-ci est compétente pour

a connaître.



Article 27



Ne sont pas reconnues Les decisions:



1) si la reconnaissance est contraire à l'Ordre public de

l ' État requise;



2) si l'acte introductif d'instance ou un acte équivalent n'a

PAS été signifié ou notifié au défendeur défaillant,

régulièrement et en temps utile, pour qu'il puisse se défendre;



3) si la décision est rendue inconciliable avec une décision

entre les mêmes parties dans l ' État requise;



4) si le tribunal de l ' État d'origine, pour rendre sa décision,

a, a relative à une question tranchant l ' état ou à la capacité

des personnes physiques, aux régimes matrimoniaux, aux

Testaments et aux successional, méconnu une règle de droit

international privé de l ' État requise, à moins que sa décision

n ' aboutisse au même result que s'il avait fait application

des règles du droit international privé de l ' État requise;



5) si la décision est rendue inconciliable avec une décision

dans un État contractant antérieurement entre les mêmes non

Parties dans un litige ayant le même objet et la même cause,

lorsque cette dernière décision réunit les conditions

nécessaires à sa reconnaissance dans l ' État requise.



Article 28



De même, les decisions ne sont pas reconnues si les

disposition des sections 3, 4 et 5 du titre II ont été

méconnues ainsi que dans le cas prévu à l'article 59.



Lors de l ' appréciation des compétences mentionnées à l ' alinéa

précédent, l ' autorité requise est liée par les constatations de

fait sur lesquelles la juridiction de l ' État d'origine a fondé

SA compétence.



Sans préjudice des disposition du premier alinéa, il ne peut

être procédé au contrôle de la compétence des juridictions de

l ' État d'origine; les règles relatives à la compétence ne

concernent pas l'Ordre public visé à l'article 27, paragraphe 1.



Article 29



En aucun cas, la décision étrangère ne peut faire l'objet d'une

révision au fond.



Article 30



L ' autorité judiciaire d'un État contractant, devant laquelle

EST invoquée la reconnaissance d'une décision rendue dans un

Autre État contractant peut surseoir à statuer, si cette

décision fait l'objet d'un recours ordinaire.



L ' autorité judiciaire, d'un État contractant devant laquelle

EST invoquée la reconnaissance d'une décision rendue en Irlande

ou au Royaume-Uni et dont l ' exécution est suspendue dans l ' État

d'origine du fait de l ' exercice d'un recours peut surseoir à

statuer.



Section 2

Exécution



Article 31



Les dans un État contractant decisions rendues et qui y sont

exécutoires sont mises à exécution dans un autre État

contractant après y avoir été déclarées exécutoires sur requête

de toute partie intéressée.



Toutefois, au Royaume-Uni, ces decisions sont mises à

exécution en Angleterre et au pays de Galles, Écosse ou a

Irlande du Nord, après avoir été enregistrées en vue de leur

exécution, sur requête de toute partie intéressée, dans l'une

OU l'autre de ces parties du Royaume-Uni, suivant le cas.



Article 32



1. La requête est présentée:



-en Belgique, au tribunal de première instance ou à la

«rechtbank van eerste aanleg»,



-au Danemark, au «byret»,



-en république fédérale d'Allemagne, au président d'une

Chambre du «Landgericht»,



-en Grèce, au, (((((((((((((((((((()



-en Espagne, au «Juzgado de Primera Instancia ",



-en France, au président du tribunal de grande instance,



-en Irlande, à la «High Court»,



-en Italie, à la «corte d'appello ",



-au Luxembourg, au président du tribunal d'arrondissement ",



-a Austria, devant le «District Court»,




-aux Pays-Bas,



au président de «l ' arrondissementsechtbank»,



-au Portugal, au «Tribunal Judicial de Círculo»,



-en Finlande, devant le «Käräjäoikeus/tingsrätt ",



-en Suède, au «appeal»,



-au Royaume-Uni:



a) a Angleterre et au pays de Galles, à la «High Court of

Justice» ou, s'il s ' agit d'une décision en matière d ' bond

alimentaire, à la «Magistrates ' Court» seizure for couple

l ' intermédiaire du «Secretary of State»;



(b)) a Écosse, à la «Court of Session», ou, s'il s ' agit d'une

décision en matière d ' obligation alimentaire, à la «Sheriff

Court», «par l ' intermédiaire du seizure for Secretary of State»;



c) Irlande du Nord, à la «High Court of Justice» ou, s'il

s ' agit d'une décison en matière d ' obligation alimentaire, à la

«Magistrates ' Court» seizure for couple of l ' intermédiaire du «Secretary

of State».



2. La juridiction compétente est déterminée territorialement

par le domicile de laquelle la partie est contre l ' exécution

demandée. Si cette partie n'est pas domiciliée sur le

Territoire de l ' État requise, la compétence est déterminée par

Le lieu de l ' exécution.



Article 33



Les modalités du dépôt de la requête sont déterminées par la

Loi de l ' État requise.



Élection doit faire Le consent to the domicile, dans le ressort

de la juridiction of the debtor. Toutefois, si la loi de l ' État requise

NE connaît pas l ' élection de désigne le domicile, consent to the un

mandataire ad litem.



Les documents mentionnés aux articles 46 et 47 sont joints à la

requête.



Article 34



Seizure for La juridiction de la requête statue à bref "délai, sans

que la partie contre l ' exécution laquelle est demandée puisse,

a cet état de la procédure, présenter d ' observation.



La requête ne peut être rejetée que pour l'un des motifs prévus

aux articles 27 et 28.



En aucun cas, la décision étrangère ne peut faire l'objet d'une

révision au fond.



Article 35



La décision rendue sur requête est aussitôt portée à la

Connaissance du, you consent to the greffier à la diligence, suivant

les modalités déterminées par la loi de l ' État requise.



Article 36



SI l ' exécution est autorisée, la partie contre laquelle

l ' exécution est demandée peut former un recours contre la

décision dans le mois de sa service.



Si cette partie est domiciliée dans un État contractant autre

que celui où la décision qui autorise l ' exécution a été rendue,

Le "délai est de deux mois et court du jour où la service

a été à personne ou à domicile promote your. CE "délai ne comporte pas

the prorogation à raison de la distance.



Article 37



1. Le recours est porté, selon les règles de la procédure

contradictoire:



-en Belgique, devant le tribunal de première instance ou la

«rechtbank van eerste aanleg»,



-au Danemark, devant le «Court»,



-en république fédérale d'Allemagne, devant

l ' «Oberlandesgericht»,



-en Grèce, devant l ' «((((((((((((((((((((),



-en Espagne, devant l ' «Audiencia Provincial ",



-en France, devant la cour d'appel ",



-en Irlande, devant la «High Court»,



-en Italie, devant la «corte d'appello ",



-au Luxembourg, devant la Cour supérieure de justice siégeant

en matière d ' appel civil,



-a Austria, au «District Court»,



-aux Pays-Bas, devant l ' «district»,



-au Portugal, devant le Tribunal de Relação, «»



-en Finlande, devant le «hovioikeus/hovrätt ",



-en Suède, devant le «appeal»,



-au Royaume-Uni:



a) a Angleterre et au pays de Galles, devant la «High Court of

Justice» ou, s'il s ' agit d'une décision en matière d ' bond

alimentaire, devant la «Magistrates ' Court»;



(b)) a Écosse, devant la «Court of Session» ou, s'il s ' agit

d'une décision en matière d ' obligation alimentaire, devant la

«Sheriff Court»;



c) Irlande du Nord, devant la «High Court of Justice» ou,

s'il s ' agit d'une décision en matière d ' obligation alimentaire,

devant la «Magistrates ' Court».



2. La décision rendue sur le recours ne peut faire l'objet:



-en Belgique, Grèce, Espagne, en France, en Italie, au

Luxembourg et aux Pays-Bas, que d'un a cassation Court,



-au Danemark, que d'un recours devant le «højesteret», avec

l ' authorization to the ministre de la justice,



-en république fédérale d'Allemagne, que d'une

«Rechtsbeschwerde»,



-a Austria, dans le cas d'un recours, que du

«A Revisionsrekurs» et, dans le cas d'une opposition, que du

recours («Berufung») avec la faculté éventuelle d'une révision,



-en Irlande, que d'un recours sur un point de droit devant la

«Supreme Court»,



-au Portugal, que d'un recours sur un point de droit,



-en Finlande, que d'un recours devant «korkein oikeus/högsta

the Court»,



-en Suède, que d'un recours devant «Supreme Court»,



-au Royaume-Uni, que d'un seul recours sur un point de droit.



Article 38



Seizure for La juridiction du recours peut, à la requête de la

partie qui l'a statuer formé à surseoir, si, la décision

étrangère fait, dans l ' État d'origine, l'objet d'un recours

Ordinaire ou si le "délai pour le forms n'est pas expiré; dance

CE dernier cas, la juridiction peut impartir un "délai pour

Forms ce recours.



Lorsque la décision a été rendue en Irlande ou au Royaume-Uni,

toute voie de recours Prevue dans l ' État d'origine est

considérée comme un recours ordinaire pour l'application du

Premier alinéa.



Cette juridiction peut également subordonner l ' exécution à la

Constitution d'une garantie qu ' elle détermine.



Article 39



Pendant le recours "délai prévu à l'article you 36 et jusqu ' à ce

qu'il ait été statué sur celui-ci, il ne peut être procédé qu ' à

des mesures conservatoires sur les biens de la partie contre

laquelle l ' exécution est demandée.



La décision qui accorde l ' exécution emporte l ' authorization the

procéder à ces mesures.



Article 40



1. Si sa requête est rejetée, consent to the un peut le forms

recours:



-en Belgique, devant la cour d'appel ou le «hof van beroep ",



-au Danemark, devant le «Court»,



-en république fédérale d'Allemagne, devant

l ' «Oberlandesgericht»,



-en Grèce, devant l ' «(((((((»,



-en Espagne, devant l ' «Audiencia Provincial ",



-en France, devant la cour d'appel ",



-en Irlande, devant la «High Court»,



-en Italie, devant la «corte d'appello ",



-au Luxembourg, devant la Cour supérieure de justice siégeant

en matière d ' appel civil,



-a Austria, devant le «District Court»,



-aux Pays-Bas, devant le «gerechtshof»,



-au Portugal, devant le «Tribunal da Relação ",



-en Finlande, devant le «hovioikeus/hovrätt ",



-en Suède, devant le «appeal»,



-au Royaume-Uni:



a) a Angleterre et au pays de Galles, devant la «High Court of

Justice» ou, s'il s ' agit d'une décision en matière d ' bond

alimentaire, devant la «Magistrates ' Court»;



(b)) a Écosse, devant la «Court of Session» ou, s'il s ' agit

d'une décision en matière d ' obligation alimentaire, devant la

«Sheriff Court»;



c) Irlande du Nord, devant la «High Court of Justice» ou,

s'il s ' agit d'une décision en matière d ' obligation alimentaire,

devant la «Magistrates ' Court».



2. La partie contre l ' exécution laquelle est demandée est

appelée à comparaître devant la juridiction recours seizure for you.

En cas de défaut, les disposition de l'article 20 deuxième et

French alinéas applicables sont alors même que cette partie

n'est pas domiciliée sur le territoire d'un des États

contractants.



Article 41



La décision rendue sur le recours prévu à l'article 40 ne peut

faire l'objet:



-en Belgique, Grèce, Espagne, en France, en Italie, au

Luxembourg et aux Pays-Bas, que d'un a cassation Court,



-au Danemark, que d'un recours devant le «højesteret», avec

l ' authorization to the ministre de la justice,



-en république fédérale d'Allemagne, que d'une

«Rechtsbeschwerde»,



-en Irlande, que d'un recours sur un point de droit devant la

«Supreme Court»,



-a Austria, que d'un «a Revisionsrekurs»,



-au Portugal, que d'un recours sur un point de droit,



-en Finlande, que d'un recours devant le «korkein

oikeus/högsta domstolen ",



-en Suède, que d'un recours devant le «Supreme Court»,



-au Royaume-Uni, que d'un seul recours sur un point de droit.



Article 42



Lorsque la décision étrangère a statué sur plusieurs chefs de

La demande et que l ' exécution ne peut être autorisée pour le

Tout, l ' autorité judiciaire accorde l ' exécution pour un ou

plusieurs d entre eux.



Une exécution peut demander Le partielle consent to.



Article 43



Les decisions étrangères condamnant à une astreinte ne sont

exécutoires dans l ' État requise que si le montant a été

définitivement fixé par les tribunaux de l ' État d'origine.



Article 44



Le qui, dans l ' État consent to d'origine, a bénéficié a tout ou

a partie de l'Assistance judiciaire ou d'une exemption de

frais et dépens, bénéficie dans la procédure Prevue aux

articles 32 à 35, de l'Assistance la plus favorable ou de

l ' exemption la plus large Prevue par le droit de l ' État requise.



L ' exécution qui demande Le consent to d'une décision rendue au

DANEMARK par une autorité administrative en matière

d ' obligation alimentaire dans l ' État peut invoquer requise le

bénéfice des disposition du premier alinéa s'il produit un

Document établi par le ministère de la justice danois et

attestation Manager qu ' il remplit les conditions économiques pour pouvoir

bénéficier en tout ou en partie de l'Assistance judiciaire ou

d'une exemption de frais et dépens.



Article 45



Aucune caution ni aucun dépôt dénomination que sous ce, some

soit, ne can être imposés en raison, soit de la qualité


d ' étranger, soit du défaut de domicile ou de résidence dans le

pays, à la partie qui demande l ' exécution dans un État

contractant d'une décision rendue dans un autre État

contractant.



Section 3



Outline communes



Article 46



La partie qui demande l ' invoque exécution ou la reconnaissance

d'une décision doit produire:



1) une expédition de celle-ci réunissant les conditions

nécessaires à son authenticité;



2) s'il s ' agit d'une décision par défaut, l'original ou une

Copie certifiée conforme du document établissant que l'acte

un acte introductif d'instance ou équivalent a été signifié ou

notifié à la partie défaillante.



Article 47



La partie qui demande l ' exécution doit en outre produire:



1) tout document de nature à établir que, selon la loi de

l ' État d'origine, la décision est exécutoire et a été

signifiée;



2) s'il y a lieu, un document justifiant que le consent to

bénéficie de l'Assistance judiciaire dans l ' État d'origine.



Article 48



À défaut de production des documents mentionnés à l'article 46

paragraphe 2 et à l'article 47 paragraphe 2, l ' autorité

judiciaire peut impartir un "délai pour les produire ou acceptances

des documents équivalents ou, si elle s ' estime enough

éclairée, a dispenser.



Il est produit une traduction des documents si l ' autorité

judiciaire l exige; la traduction est certifiée par une

personne habilitée à cet effet dans l'un des États

contractants.



Article 49



Aucune légalislation ni formalité analogue n'est exigée en ce

qui concerne les documents mentionnés aux articles 46, 47 et à

l'article 48 deuxième alinéa, ainsi que, le cas échéant, la

Procuration ad litem.



TITRE IV

ACTES JUDICIAIRES ET TRANSACTIONS REFERRED



Article 50



Les actes exécutoires reçus et instruments dance un État

contractant sont, sur requête, déclarés exécutoires dans un

Autre État contractant, conformément à la procédure Prevue aux

articles 31 et suivants. La requête ne peut être rejetée que si

l ' exécution de l'acte authentique est contraire à l'Ordre

public de l ' État requise.



L'acte produit doit réunir les conditions nécessaires à son

authenticité dans l ' État d'origine.



Les outline de la section 3 du titre III sont, en tant que

de besoin, applicables.



Article 51



Les transactions conclues devant le juge au cours d'un procès

et exécutoires dans l ' État d'origine sont exécutoires dans

l ' État requise aux mêmes conditions que les actes instruments.



TITRE V

DISPOSITION GÉNÉRALES



Article 52



Pour determiner si une partie a un domicile sur le territoire

de l ' État contractant dont sont saisis les tribunaux, le juge

applique sa loi interne.



Lorsqu ' une partie n'a pas de domicile dans l ' État dont les

tribunaux sont saisis, le juge, pour determiner si elle a un

domicile dans un autre État contractant, applique la loi de cet

État.



. . .



Article 53



Le siège des sociétés et des personnes morales est assimilé au

domicile pour l'application de la présente convention.

Toutefois, pour determiner ce siège, le juge saisi applique les

règles de son droit international privé.



Pour determiner si un trust a son domicile sur le territoire

d'un État contractant dont sont saisis les tribunaux, le juge

applique les règles de son droit international privé.



TITRE VI

OUTLINE TRANSITOIRES



Article 54



Les disposition de la présente convention ne sont applicables

Qu ' aux actes judiciaires et aux actions intentées instruments

reçus postérieurement à l ' entrée en vigueur de la présente

Convention dans l ' État d'origine et, lorsque la reconnaissance

OU l ' exécution d'une décision ou d'un acte authentique est

demandée, dans l ' État requise.



Toutefois, les decisions rendues après la date d ' entrée en

vigueur de la présente convention dans les rapports entre

l ' État d'origine et l ' État requise à la suite d ' actions

intentées avant cette date sont reconnues et exécutées

conformément aux disposition du titre III si les règles de

compétence prévues sont conformes à celles appliquées soit par

Le titre II soit par une convention qui était en vigueur entre

l ' État d'origine et l ' État requise lorsque l'action a été

intentée.



SI, par un écrit antérieur au 1er juin 1988 pour l ' Irlande ou

au 1er janvier



1987 pour le Royaume-Uni, les parties en litige à propos d'un

contrat d ' étaient à appliquer convenues ce contrat le droit

irlandais ou le droit d'une partie du Royaume-Uni, les

Tribunaux de Irlande ou de cette partie du Royaume-Uni

conservent la faculté de connaître de ce litige.



Article 54 bis



Pendant trois années à compter du 1er novembre 1986 pour le

DANEMARK et à compter du 1er juin 1988 pour l ' Irlande, la

Compétence en matière maritime dans chacun de ces États est

déterminée conformément aux outline non seulement du titre

II, mais également conformément aux paragraphes 1 à 6 ci-après.

Toutefois, ces outline cesseront d ' être applicables dans

chacun de ces États au moment où la convention internationale

de certaines règles pour l ' unification sur la seizure for

Conservatoire des shipbrokers de mer, signée à Bruxelles le 10 mai

in 1952, sera en vigueur à son provide.



1) Une personne domiciliée sur le territoire d'un État

contractant peut être attraite pour une créance maritime devant

Les tribunaux de l'un des États mentionnés ci-dessus lorsque le

navire ou porte sur la créance amend the terms tout autre navire dont

elle est propriétaire a fait l'objet d'une judicial seizure for

sur le territoire de ce dernier État pour garantir la créance;

OU aurait pu y faire l'objet d'une seizure for alors qu ' une caution

ou une autre sûreté a été donnée, dans les cas suivants:



a) si le demandeur est domicilié sur le territoire de cet État;



b) si la créance maritime est née dans cet État;



c) si la créance maritime est née au cours d'un voyage pendant

(a) amend the terms seizure for promote your la été ou aurait pu être promote your;



d) si la créance provient d'un dommage causé ou d'un abordage

par un navire ou par omission, exécution d'une German terms derived ou par

inobservation des regulations, soit à un autre navire, soit aux

choses ou personnes se trouvant à bord;



e) si la créance est née d'une assistance ou d'un sauvetage;



f) si la créance est garantie par une hypothèque maritime ou un

mort-gage sur le navire saisi.



Peut être saisi le 2) navire auquel la créance maritime see

reporting ou tout autre navire appartenant à celui qui était, au

moment où est née la créance maritime, propriétaire du navire

auquel cette créance see reporting. Toutefois, pour les créances

prévues au paragraphe 5 points o), p) ou q), seul le navire sur

amend the terms porte la créance pourra être saisi.



3) Des shipbrokers seront réputés avoir le même propriétaire

lorsque toutes les parties de propriété appartiennent à une même

OU aux mêmes personnes.



4 d ' affrètement) En cas d'un navire avec remise de la gestion

Nautique, lorsque l ' affréteur répond seul d'une créance

maritime se rapportant au navire, celui-ci peut être saisi ou

tout autre navire appartenant à cet affréteur, mais aucun autre

navire appartenant au propriétaire ne peut être saisi en vertu

de cette créance maritime. Il en est de même dans tous les cas

où une personne autre que le propriétaire est tenue d'une

créance maritime.



5) On entend par «créance maritime» l ' allégation d ' un droit ou

d'une créance ayant l'une ou plusieurs des causes suivantes:



dommages causés par a) un navire soit par abordage, soit

Autrement;



b) vies humaines ou pertes de dommages corporels causés par un

navire ou provenant de l ' exploitation d'un navire;



c) assistance et sauvetage;



d) contrats relatifs à l ' utilisation ou la location d'un navire

couple charte-partie ou autrement;



contrats relatifs au transport e) des marchandises par un

navire en vertu d'une charte-partie, d'un connaissement ou

Autrement;



dommages aux pertes ou f) marchandises et bagages transportés

par un navire;



g) avarie commune;



h) prêt à la grosse;



remorquage in);



j) pilotage;



k) company, quel qu'elle a soit le lieu, de produits ou de

Forex of Prague à un navire en vue de son exploitation ou de

son entretien;



l) construction, réparations, équipement d ' un navire ou frais

the cale;



m) capitaines salaires des hommes d ' équipage, officiers ou;



n) et débours effectués du capitaine media par les chargeurs,

Les affréteurs et les agents pour le compte du navire ou de son

propriétaire;



o contestée) la propriété d'un navire;



p) la copropriété d'un navire ou sa possession, ou son

exploitation, ou les droits aux produits d'exploitation d'un

navire en copropriété;



q) toute hypothèque maritime et tout mortgage.



6) Au Danemark, l'expression «seizure for judiciaire» couvre, a ce

qui concerne les créances maritimes visées au paragraphe 5

points o) et p), le forbud pour autant que cette procédure soit

La seule admise en l ' espèce par les articles à la 646 653

Loi sur la procédure civile (Lov om rettens maintenance).



TITRE VII

RELATIONS AVEC LES AUTRES CONVENTIONS



Article 55



Sans préjudice des disposition de l'article 54 deuxième alinéa

et de l'article 56, la présente convention entre remplace les

États qui y sont parties les conventions conclues entre deux ou

plusieurs de ces États, à savoir:



-la convention entre la Belgique et la France sur la

compétence judiciaire et l ' autorité, sur l ' exécution des

decisions judiciaires, des sentences intervention et des actes

instruments, signée à Paris le 8 juillet 1899,



-la convention entre la Belgique et les Pays-Bas sur la

judiciaire sur la compétence territoriale, near bankruptcy, ainsi que


sur l ' autorité et l ' exécution des decisions judiciaires, des

sentences intervention et des actes instruments, signée à

Bruxelles le 28 March 1925,



-la convention entre la France et l'italie sur l ' exécution des

jugements en matière civile et commerciale, signée à Rome le 3

juin 1930,



-la convention entre le Royaume-Uni et la France sur

l ' exécution des jugements en matière civile réciproque et

Commerciale, accompagnée d'un protocole, signée à Paris le 18

Janvier in 1934,



-la convention entre le Royaume-Uni et la Belgique sur

l ' exécution des jugements en matière civile réciproque et

Commerciale, accompagnée d'un protocole, signée à Bruxelles le

2 mai 1934,



-la convention entre l ' Allemagne et l ' Italie sur la

reconnaissance et l ' exécution des decisions judiciaires en

matière civile et commerciale, signée à Rome le 9 March 1936,



-la convention entre le royaume de Belgique et l ' Austria sur

La reconnaissance et l ' exécution réciproques des decisions

actes judiciaires et des instruments a matière d ' bond

alimentaires, signée à Vienne le 25 octobre 1957,



-la convention entre la république fédérale d'Allemagne et le

Royaume de Belgique et l ' exécution la reconnaissance expired

matière civile et commerciale réciproques des a decisions

actes judiciaires et intervention instruments, sentences, signée

à Bonn le 30 juin 1958,



-la convention entre le royaume des Pays-Bas et la République

italienne sur la reconnaissance et l ' exécution des decisions

judiciaires en matière civile et commerciale, signée à Rome le

17 avril 1959,



-la convention entre la république fédérale d'Allemagne et

l Austria l ' exécution sur la reconnaissance et réciproques des

decisions et transactions judiciaires et des actes instruments

en matière civile et commerciale, signée à Vienne le 6 juin

in 1959,



-la convention entre le royaume de Belgique et l ' Austria sur

La reconnaissance et l ' exécution réciproques des decisions

actes judiciaires et sentences intervention instruments, a

matière civile et commerciale, signée à Vienne le 16 juin 1959,



-la convention entre le Royaume-Uni et la république fédérale

d'Allemagne sur la reconnaissance et l ' exécution réciproques

des jugements en matière civile et commerciale, signée à Bonn

Le 14 juillet 1960,



-la convention entre le Royaume-Uni et l ' Austria sur la

reconnaissance et l ' exécution réciproques des decisions

judiciaires en matière civile et commerciale, signée à Vienne

Le 14 juillet 1961, ainsi que le protocole de modification

signé à Londres, le 6 March 1970,



-la convention entre le royaume de Grèce et la république

fédérale d'Allemagne sur la reconnaissance et l ' exécution

réciproques des jugements, transactions et actes instruments

en matière civile et commerciale, signée à Athènes le 4

Novembre 1961,



-la convention entre le royaume de Belgique et la République

italienne et l ' exécution expired, la reconnaissance des

decisions judiciaires et d'autres titres exécutoires en matière

civile et commerciale, signée à Rome le 6 avril 1962,



-la convention entre le royaume des Pays-Bas et la république

fédérale d'Allemagne sur la reconnaissance et l ' exécution

mutuelles des decisions judiciaires et autres titres

exécutoires en matière civile et commerciale, signée à La Haye

Le 30 août 1962,



-la convention entre le royaume des Pays-Bas et l ' Austria sur

La reconnaissance et l ' exécution réciproques des decisions

des actes judiciaires et matière civile et instruments a

Commerciale, signée à La Haye le 6 Fevrier 1963,



-la convention entre la France et l ' Austria sur la

reconnaissance et l ' exécution des decisions judiciaires et des

actes matière civile et commerciale referred a, signée à

Vienne le 15 juillet 1966,



-la convention entre le Royaume-Uni et la République italienne

sur la reconnaissance et l ' exécution des jugements réciproques

en matière civile et commerciale, signée à Rome le 7 Fevrier

in 1964, accompagnée d'un protocole signé à Rome le 14 juillet

in 1970,



-la convention entre le Royaume-Uni et le royaume des Pays-Bas

sur la reconnaissance et l ' exécution des jugements réciproques

en matière civile, signée à La Haye le 17 novembre 1967,



-la convention entre l ' Espagne et la France sur la

reconnaissance et l ' exécution de jugements et de sentences

matière civile et commerciale intervention a, signée à Paris le

28 mai 1969,



-la convention entre le Luxembourg et l ' Austria sur la

reconnaissance et l ' exécution des decisions judiciaires et des

actes matière civile et commerciale referred a, signée à

Luxembourg le 29 juillet 1971,



-la convention entre l'italie et l ' Austria sur la

reconnaissance et l ' exécution des decisions judiciaires en

matière civile et commerciale, des transactions judiciaires et

des actes notariés signée à Rome le 16 novembre 1971,



-la convention entre l ' Espagne et l ' Italie en matière

d'assistance judiciaire et de reconnaissance et exécution de

jugements en matière civile et commerciale, signée à Madrid le

22 mai 1973,



-la convention entre la Finlande, l ' Islande, Norvège, la, la

Suède et le Danemark sur la reconnaissance et l ' exécution des

decisions a matière civile, signée à Copenhague le 11 octobre

in 1977,



-la convention entre l ' Austria et la Suède sur la

reconnaissance et l ' exécution des jugements en matière civile,

signée à Stockholm le 16 septembre 1982,



-la convention entre l ' Espagne et la république fédérale

d'Allemagne sur la reconnaissance et l ' exécution de decisions

et transactions judiciaires, et d ' actes instruments

exécutoires en matière civile et commerciale, signée à Bonn le

14 novembre 1983,



-la convention entre l ' Austria et l ' Espagne sur la

reconnaissance et l ' exécution des decisions et transactions

actes judiciaires et des instruments exécutoires a matière

civile et commerciale, signée à Vienne le 17 Fevrier 1984,



-la convention entre la Finlande et l ' Austria sur la

reconnaissance et l ' exécution des jugements en matière civile,

signée à Vienne le 17 novembre 1986;



et pour autant qu'il est en vigueur:



-le traité entre la Belgique, les Pays-Bas et le Luxembourg

sur la compétence judiciaire, sur la near bankruptcy, sur l ' autorité

et l ' exécution des decisions judiciaires, des sentences

intervention et des actes signé à Bruxelles le instruments, 24

Novembre 1961.



Article 56



Le traité et les conventions mentionnés à l'article 55

Continuent à produire leurs effets dans les matières auxquelles

la présente convention n'est pas applicable.



ILS continuent à produire leurs effets en ce qui concerne les

decisions rendues et les actes reçus avant l ' entrée en vigueur

de la présente convention.



Article 57



1. La présente convention n ' affecte pas les conventions

auxquelles les États contractants sont ou seront parties et

qui, dans des matières particulières, règlent la compétence

judiciaire, la reconnaissance ou l ' exécution des decisions.



2. A vue d ' assurer son: an essay on interpretation uniforme, le paragraphe

blocks of appliqué spaced 1 est de la manière next to give:



a) la présente convention ne fait pas obstacle à ce qu'un

Tribunal d'un État contractant partie à une convention relative

à une matière particulière puisse funds sa compétence sur une

Telle convention, même si le défendeur est domicilié sur le

territoire d'un État contractant non partie à une telle

Convention. Le tribunal saisi applique, en tout cas, l'article

20 de la présente convention;



b) les un État contractant decisions rendues par dans un

Tribunal ayant une compétence fondé sur sa convention relative

à une matière particulière sont reconnues et exécutées dans les

Autres États contractants conformément à la présente

Convention.



SI une convention relative à une matière particulière et à

laquelle sont parties l ' État d'origine et l ' État requise

détermine les conditions de reconnaissance et d ' exécution des

decisions, il est fait application de ces conditions. Il peut,

en tout cas, être fait application des outline de la

procédure qui concernent la présente convention relative à la

reconnaissance et exécution des à l ' decisions.



3. La présente convention ne préjuge pas l'application des

outline qui, dans des matières particulières, règlent la

compétence judiciaire, la reconnaissance ou l ' exécution des

decisions et qui sont ou seront contenues dans les actes des

institutions des Communautés européennes ou dans les

Législations nationales harmonisées en exécution de ces actes.



Article 58



Jusqu'au moment où la convention expired, la compétence

judiciaire et l ' exécution des matière civile et decisions a

Commerciale, signée à Lugano le 16 septembre 1988, produira ses

Effets à l ' provide de la France et de la Confédération suisse,

Les disposition de la présente convention ne portent pas

préjudice aux droits reconnus aux ressortissants suisses par la

Convention entre la France et la Confédération suisse sur la

compétence judiciaire et l ' exécution des jugements en matière

civile, signée à Paris le 15 juin 1869.



Article 59



La présente convention ne fait pas obstacle à ce qu'un État

envers un État contractant s ' tiers, the engage aux termes d'une

Convention sur la reconnaissance et l ' exécution des jugements,

à ne pas reconnaître une décision rendue, ' notamment ' dans un

Autre État contractant, contre un défendeur qui avait son

domicile ou sa résidence habituelle sur le territoire de l ' État

tiers lorsque, dans un cas prévu par l'article 4, la décision

n'a pu être fondée que sur une compétence visée à l'article 3

deuxième alinéa.




Toutefois, aucun État contractant ne peut s ' engager envers un

État tiers à ne pas reconnaître une décision rendue dans un

Autre État contractant par une juridiction dont la compétence

EST fondée sur l ' État de biens existence dans cet appartenant

au défendeur ou par le demandeur sur la seizure for de biens qui y

existent ":



1) si la demande porte sur la propriété ou la possession

desdits biens, vise à obtenir l ' authorization d'en disposer ou

EST relative à un litige ou autre les expired



2) si les biens constituent la garantie d'une créance qui fait

l'objet de la demande.



TITRE VIII

OUTLINE FINALES



Article 60



. . .



Article 61



La présente convention sera ratifiée par les États signataires.

Les instruments de ratification seront déposés auprès du

Secrétaire général du Conseil des Communautés européennes.



Article 62



La présente convention entrera en vigueur le premier jour du

French mois suivant le dépôt de l ' instrument de ratification

de l ' État signataire qui le dernier procédera à cette

formalité.



Article 63



Les États contractants reconnaissent que tout État qui devient

membre de la Communauté économique européenne aura l bond

d ' la présente convention accepting que soit prise comme base

pour les négociations nécessaires pour assurer la mise en œuvre

de l'article 220 dernier alinéa du traité instituant la

Communauté économique européenne dans les rapports entre les

États contractants et cet État.



Les adaptations nécessaires pourront faire l'objet d'une

les États contractants Convention spéciale entre, d'une part,

et cet État, d'autre part.



Article 64



Le secrétaire général du Conseil des Communautés européennes

notify aux États signataires:



a) le dépôt de tout instrument de ratification;



b) les dates d ' entrée en vigueur de la présente convention;



c) . . . ;



d) les déclarations "reçues en application de l'article IV du

Protocole;



e) les communications of Prague an application de l'article VI du

Protocole.



Article 65



Le protocole qui, du commun accord des États contractants, est

annexé à la présente convention, a fait partie intégrante.



Article 66



La présente convention est conclue pour une durée illimitée.



Article 67



Chaque État contractant peut demander la révision de la

présente convention. Dans ce cas, une conférence de révision

EST convoquée par le président du Conseil des Communautés

européennes.



Article 68



La présente convention, rédigée en un exemplaire unique one

langue allemande, a French language, a langue italienne et

a langue néerlandaise, faisant également les quatre textes

FOI, sera déposée dans les archives du secrétariat général du

Conseil des Communautés européennes. Le secrétaire général a

copie certifiée conforme remettra une à chacun des

gouvernements des États signataires.



En foi de quoi les plénipotentiaires soussignés ont apposé leur

signature a base de la présente convention.



[Signatures des plénipotentiaires désignés]



PROTOCOLE



Les hautes parties contractantes sont convenues des

outline suivantes, qui sont annexées à la convention



Article In



Toute personne domiciliée au Luxembourg, attraite devant un

Tribunal d'un autre État contractant en application de

l'article 5 paragraphe 1, peut décliner la compétence de ce

the Tribunal. CE tribunal see déclare d'office incompétent si le

défendeur ne comparaît pas.



Toute convention de juridiction au sens de attributive

l'article 17 ne produit ses effets d'une personne à l ' provide

domiciliée au Luxembourg que si celle-ci l'a expressément et

spécialement acceptée.



Article II



Sans préjudice de outline nationales plus favorables, les

personnes dans un État contractant domiciliées et Treaty

pour une infraction involontaire devant les juridictions

répressives contractant autre d'un État dont elles ne sont pas

les nationaux can see faire défendre par les personnes

habilitées à cette fin, même si elles ne comparaissent pas

personnellement.



Toutefois, la comparution peut ordonner la juridiction of the debtor

personnelle: si celle-ci n'a pas eu lieu, la décision rendue

sur l'action civile sans que la personne en cause ait eu la

possibilité de se faire ne pourra pas être reconnue défendre you

exécutée dans les autres États contractants.



Article III



Aucun impôt, taxe droit proportionnel ou à la valeur, you

litige, n'est perçu dans l ' État requise à l ' occasion de la

procédure tendant à l ' l'octroi de la formule exécutoire.



Article IV



Les actes judiciaires et extrajudiciaires dressés sur le

territoire d'un État contractant et qui it être notifiés

OU signifiés à des personnes se trouvant sur le territoire d'un

Autre État contractant sont prévus par les TRANS selon modes

Accord entre les conventions conclus ou les États

contractants.



Sauf si l ' État de destination s ' y oppose par la déclaration promote your

au secrétaire général du Conseil des Communautés européennes,

CES actes can aussi être directement par les envoyés

officiers ministériels de l ' État où les actes sont dressés aux

officiers ministériels de l ' État sur le territoire duquel se

trouve le destinataire de l'acte. Dans ce cas, l ' officier

ministériel de l ' État d'origine transmet une copie de l'acte à

l ' officier ministériel de l ' État, qui est requise compétent pour

La remettre au destinataire. Cette remise est promote your dans les

formes prévues par la loi de l ' État requise. Elle est constatée

par une attestation directement à l ' envoyée officier

ministériel de l ' État d'origine.



Article V



La compétence judiciaire Prevue à l'article 6 point 2 et à

l'article 10 pour la demande en garantie ou la demande a

intervention ne peut être invoquée ni dans la république

fédérale d'Allemagne, ni dans la république d ' Austria. Toute

personne domiciliée sur le territoire d'un autre État

contractant peut être appelée devant les tribunaux de:



-la république fédérale d'Allemagne, en application des

articles 68 72 74 et à du code de procédure civile expired

litis denuntiatio added,



-la république d ' Austria, conformément à l'article 21 du Code

de procédure civile (Zivilprozessordnung) expired, la litis

denuntiatio.



Les États dans les autres decisions contractants rendues en

vertu de l'article 6 point 2 et de l'article 10 sont reconnues

et exécutées dans la république fédérale d'Allemagne et dans la

République d ' Austria conformément au titre III. Les effets

produits à l ' provide des tiers, en application de l ' alinéa

jugements rendus par des précédent dans ces États sont

également reconnus dans les autres États contractants.



Article V bis



En matière d ' obligation alimentaire, les termes «juge»,

«tribunal» et «comprennent les autorités juridiction»

danoises administratives.



En Suède, dans les procédures sommaires expired, les

injonctions de payer (order for payment) et l'assistance

(assistance), les termes «juge», «tribunal» et «sense»

comprennent le service public de recouvrement forcé suédois

(bailiff).



Article V ter



Dans les litiges entre le capitaine et un membre de l ' équipage

d'un navire de mer immatriculé au Danemark, en Grèce, a

Irlande ou au Portugal, relatifs aux rémunérations ou aux

Autres conditions de service, les juridictions d'un État

contractant it contrôler si l'agent diplomatique ou

consulaire dont relève le navire a été informé du litige. Elles

It surseoir à statuer aussi longtemps que cet agent n'a

PAS été informé. Elles it, même d ' office, se dessaisir si

CET agent, dûment informé, a exercé les attributions que lui

reconnaît en la matière consulaire ou une convention, à défaut

d'une telle convention, a soulevé des objections sur la

compétence dans le "délai imparti.



Article V quater



Lorsque, dans le cadre de l'article 69 paragraphe 5 de la

Convention relative au brevet européen pour le marché commun,

signée à Luxembourg le 15 décembre 1975, les articles 52 et 53

de la présente convention sont appliqués aux disposition

relatives à la «résidence», selon le texte de la première

Convention, le terme «résidence» employé dans ce texte est

réputé avoir la même portee que le terme «domicile» figurant

dans les articles 52 et 53 précités.



Article V quinquies



Sans préjudice de la compétence de Office européen des

the letter, selon la convention sur la délivrance de message

Européens, signée à Munich le 5 octobre 1973, les juridictions

de chaque État contractant compétentes sont seules, sans

considération de domicile, a matière d ' inscription ou de

validité d'un brevet européen délivré pour cet État et qui

n'est pas un message communautaire en application des

disposition de l'article 86 de la convention relative au

brevet européen pour le marché commun signée à Luxembourg le 15

décembre 1975.



Article V sexies



Sont également considérées Comme des actes instruments au sens

de l'article 50 premier alinéa de la convention, les

Conventions a matière d ' bond alimentaires conclues

devant des autorités administratives ou authentifiées par

Elles.



Article VI



Les États contractants communiqueront au secrétaire général du

Conseil des Communautés européennes les textes de leurs

disposition législatives qui modifieraient soit les articles

de leurs lois qui sont mentionnés dans la convention, soit les

juridictions qui sont désignées au titre III section 2.



En foi de quoi les plénipotentiaires soussignés ont apposé leur

signature au bas du présent protocole.



Fait à Bruxelles, le vingt-sept septembre mil neuf cent.

soixante-huit.




[Signatures des plénipotentiaires désignés]



PROTOCOLE



expired l ' interpréation par la Cour de justice de la

Convention du 27 septembre 1968 expired la compétence

judiciaire et l ' exécution des matière civile et decisions a

Commerciale



LES HAUTES PARTIES CONTRACTANTES AU TRAITÉ INSTITUANT LA

COMMUNAUTÉ ÉCONOMIQUE EUROPÉENNE,



SE référant à la déclaration annexée à la convention expired,

La compétence judiciaire et l ' exécution des decisions a

matière civile et commerciale signée à Bruxelles le 27

septembre 1968,



ont décidé de conclure un protocole à la compétence attribuant

Cour de justice des Communautés européennes pour

l ': an essay on interpretation de ladite convention et ont désigné à cet

Effet comme plénipotentiaires:



[Liste des plénipotentiaires désignés par les États principles]



LESQUELS, réunis au sein du Conseil, après avoir échangé leurs

pleins pouvoirs reconnus en bonne et due forme,



SONT CONVENUS QUI SUIVENT DES OUTLINE:



Article premier



La Cour de justice des Communautés européennes est compétente

pour statuer sur l ': an essay on interpretation de la convention expired,

La compétence judiciaire et l ' exécution des decisions a

matière civile et commerciale et du protocole annexé à cette

Convention, signés à Bruxelles le 27 septembre 1968, ainsi que

du présent protocole.



La Cour de justice des Communautés européennes est également

compétente pour statuer sur l ': an essay on interpretation de la convention

relative à l ' adhésion du royaume de Danemark, de Irlande et

du Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d ' Irlande du Nord à la

Convention du 27 septembre 1968 ainsi qu ' au présent protocole.



La Cour de justice des Communautés européennes est également

compétente pour statuer sur l ': an essay on interpretation de la convention

relative à l ' adhésion de la République hellénique à la

Convention du 27 septembre 1968 et au présent protocole, tels

Qu ' ils ont été adaptés par la convention de 1978.



La Cour de justice des Communautés européennes est également

compétente pour statuer sur l ': an essay on interpretation de la convention

relative à l ' adhésion du royaume d'Espagne et de la République

portugaise à la convention du 27 septembre 1968 et au présent

Protocole, tels qu ' ils ont été adaptés par les conventions de

1978 et 1982.



La Cour de justice des Communautés européennes est également

compétente pour statuer sur l ': an essay on interpretation de la convention

relative à l ' adhésion de la république d ' Austria, de la

République de Finlande et du royaume de Suède à la convention

du 27 septembre 1968 et au présent protocole, tels qu ' ils ont

été adaptés par les conventions de 1978, 1982 et de 1989.



Article 2



Les juridictions suivantes ont le pouvoir de demander à la Cour

de justice de statuer à titre préjudiciel sur une question

d ': an essay on interpretation:



1)-en Belgique: la Cour de cassation «het Hof van Cassatie»

et le Conseil d ' État «de Raad van Staat»,



-au Danemark: højesteret,



-en république fédérale d'Allemagne: «die obersten

Gerichtshöfe des Bundes»,



- en Grèce: «(( ((((((( ((((((((((»,



-en Espagne: «el Tribunal Supremo ',



-en France: la Cour de cassation et le Conseil d ' État,



-en Irlande: «the Supreme Court»



-en Italie: «la Corte suprema di cassazione»,



-au Luxembourg: la Cour supérieure de justice siégeant comme

The Cour de cassation,



-Austria: Oberster Gerichtshof, le «», le

«The Verwaltungsgerichtshof» et le «Verfassungsgerichtshof»,



-aux Pays-Bas: «de Hoge Raad»,



-au Portugal: «o Supremo Tribunal de justiça et o Supremo

Tribunal Administrativo»,



-en Finlande: «korkein oikeus/högsta domstolen et korkein

hallintooikeus/högsta förvaltningsdomstolen»,



-en Suède: «the Supreme Court, Supreme Administrative Court,

Employment Tribunal» et «the market»,



-au Royaume-Uni: «the House of Lords» et les juridictions

Saisies sur la base de l'article 37 ou de deuxième alinéa

l'article 41 de la convention;



2 juridictions des États contractants) les lorsqu ' elles

statuent en appel;



3) dans les cas prévus à l'article 37 de la convention, les

juridictions mentionnées audit article.



Article 3



1. Lorsqu ' une question concerning sur l ': an essay on interpretation de la

Convention et des autres textes mentionnés à l'article 1er est

soulevée dans une affaire pendante devant une juridiction

indiquée à l'article 2, paragraphe 1, cette juridiction, si elle

estime qu ' une décision sur ce point est nécessaire pour rendre

son jugement, est tenue de demander à la Cour de justice de

statuer sur cette question.



2. Lorsqu ' une telle question soulevée est devant une

juridiction indiquée à l'article 2, paragraphes 2 et 3, cette

juridiction peut, dans les conditions déterminées au paragraphe

1, demander à la Cour de justice de statuer.



Article 4



1. L ' autorité compétente d'un État contractant a la faculté de

demander à la Cour de justice de se prononcer sur une question

d ': an essay on interpretation de la convention et des autres textes

mentionnés à l'article 1er si des decisions rendues par des

juridictions de cet État sont en contradiction avec

l ': an essay on interpretation donnée, soit par la Cour de justice, soit par

une décision d'une juridiction d'un autre État contractant

mentionnée à l'article 2, paragraphes 1 et 2. Les outline

du présent paragraphe ne s ' appliquent qu ' passées aux decisions

a force de chose jugée.



2. L ': an essay on interpretation donnée par la Cour de justice à la suite

d'une telle demande est sans effet sur les decisions à

l ' occasion desquelles l ': an essay on interpretation lui a été demandée.



3. Sont compétents pour saisir la Cour de justice d'une demande

conformément au paragraphe 1 d ': an essay on interpretation, les holding

généraux près les cours de cassation des États contractants, ou

toute autre autorité désignée par un État contractant.



4. Le greffier de la Cour de justice notifie la demande aux

États contractants, à la Commission et au Conseil des

Communautés européennes qui, dans un "délai de deux mois à

compter de cette notification, ont le droit de déposer devant

La Cour des mémoires ou observations écrites.



5. La procédure Prevue au présent article ne donne lieu à la ye

perception you au remboursement des frais et dépens.



Article 5



1. Dans la mesure où le présent protocole n ' a pas dispose

Autrement, du traité instituant les outline la Communauté

économique européenne et celles du protocole sur le statut de

La Cour de justice qui y sont applicables annexé, lorsque la

Cour est appelée à statuer à titre préjudiciel, s ' appliquent

également à la procédure d ': an essay on interpretation de la convention et

des autres textes mentionnés à l'article 1er.



2. Le règlement de procédure de la Cour de justice est adapté

et complété, si besoin est, conformément à l'article 188 you

Traité instituant la Communauté économique européenne.



Article 6



. . . .



Article 7



Le présent protocole sera ratifié par les États signataires.

Les instruments de ratification seront déposés auprès du

Secrétaire général du Conseil des Communautés européennes.



Article 8



Le présent protocole entre en vigueur le premier jour du

French mois suivant le dépôt de l ' instrument de ratification

de l ' État signataire qui procède le dernier à cette formalité.

Toutefois, son entrée en vigueur intervient au plus tôt en même

Temps que celle de la convention du 27 septembre 1968

expired la compétence judiciaire et l ' exécution des

matière civile et commerciale decisions a.



Article 9



Les États contractants reconnaissent que tout État qui devient

membre de la Communauté économique européenne et auquel

s ' applique l'article 63 de la convention expired, la

compétence judiciaire et l ' exécution des decisions en matière

civile et commerciale doit accepting les outline you présent

Protocole, sous réserve des adaptations nécessaires.



Article 10



Le secrétaire général du Conseil des Communautés européennes

notifie aux États signataires:



a) le dépôt de tout instrument de ratification;



b) la date d ' entrée en vigueur du présent protocole.



c) les déclarations "reçues en application de l'article 4

paragraphe 3;



d) . . . .



Article 11



Les États contractants communiqueront au secrétaire général du

Conseil des Communautés européennes les textes de leurs

disposition législatives qui impliquent une modification de la

Liste des juridictions désignées à l'article 2, paragraphe 1.



Article 12



Le présent protocole pour une durée illimitée est conclu.



Article 13



Chaque État contractant peut demander la révision du présent

Protocole. Dans ce cas, une conférence de révision est

convoquée par le président du Conseil des Communautés

européennes.



Article 14



Le présent protocole, rédigé en un exemplaire unique en langues

allemande, française, italienne et néerlandaise, les quatre

textes faisant également foi, est déposé dans les archives du

Secrétariat du Conseil des Communautés européennes. Le

Secrétaire général, une copie certifiée conforme en remet à

chacun des gouvernements des États signataires.



En foi de quoi les plénipotentiaires soussignés ont apposé leur

signature au bas du présent protocole.



Fait à Luxembourg, le trois juin mil neuf cent soixante et

Onze.



[Signatures des plénipotentiaires]



CONVENTION



on jurisdiction and the enforcement of judgments in civil and

commercial matters



PREAMBLE



THE HIGH CONTRACTING PARTIES TO THE TREATY ESTABLISHING THE

THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY,



DESIRING to implement the provisions of Article 220 of that

Treaty by virtue of which they undertook to secure the

simplification of formalities governing the reciprocal


recognition and enforcement of judgments of courts or

tribunals;



ANXIOUS to strengthen in the Community the legal protection of

persons therein established;



CONSIDERING that it is necessary for this purpose to determine

the international jurisdiction of their courts, to facilitate

recognition and to introduce an expeditious procedure for

securing the enforcement of judgments, authentic instruments

and court settlements;



Have DECIDED to conclude this Convention and to this end have

designated as their Plenipotentiaries:



[Plenipotentiaries designated by the Member States]



Who, meeting within the Council, having exchanged their full

powers, found in good and due form,



HAVE AGREED AS FOLLOWS:



TITLE IN

SCOPE



Article 1



This Convention shall apply in civil and commercial matters

whatever the nature of the court or tribunal. It shall not

extend, in particular, to revenue, customs or administrative

matters.



The Convention shall not apply to:



1. the status or legal capacity of natural persons, rights in

property arising out of a matrimonial relationship, wills and

succession;



2. bankruptcy, proceedings relating to the winding-up of

insolvent companies or other legal persons, judicial

arrangements, compositions and analogous proceedings;



3. social security;



4. arbitration



TITLE II

JURISDICTION



Section 1



General provisions



Article 2



Subject to the provisions of this Convention, persons domiciled

in a Contracting State shall, whatever their nationality, be

sued in the courts of that State.



Persons who are not nationals of the State in which they are

domiciled shall be governed by the rules of jurisdiction

applicable to nationals of that State.



Article 3



Persons domiciled in a Contracting State may be sued in the

the courts of another Contracting State only by virtue of the rules

set out in Sections 2 to 6 of this Title.



In particular the following provisions shall not be applicable

as against them:



-in Belgium: Article 15 of the civil code (Code civil-

Burgerlijk Wetboek) and Article 638 of the judicial code (Code

judiciaire-Judicial Code),



-in Denmark: Article 246 (2) and (3) of the law on civil

procedure (Lov om rettens maintenance),



-in the Federal Republic of Germany: Article 23 of the code of

civil procedure (Zivilprozeßordnung),



-in Greece, Article 40 of the code of civil procedure

((((((((( ((((((((( ((((((((((),



-in France: Articles 14 and 15 of the civil code (Code civil),



-in Ireland: the rules which enable jurisdiction to be founded

on the document instituting the proceedings having been served

on the defendant during his temporary presence in Ireland,



-in Italy: Articles 2 and 4, Nos 1 and 2 of the code of civil

procedure (Codice di procedura civile),



-in Luxembourg: Articles 14 and 15 of the civil code (Code

Civil),



-in Austria: Article 99 of the Law on Court Jurisdiction

(Jurisdiktionsnorm),



-in the Netherlands: Articles 126 (3) and 127 of the code of

civil procedure (Wetboek van Burgerlijke Rechtsvordering),



-in Portugal: Article 65 (1) (c), Article 65 (2) and Article

65A (c) of the code of civil procedure (Código de Processo

Civil) and Article 11 of the code of labour procedure (Código

de Processo de Trabalho),



-in Finland: the second, third and fourth sentences of the

first paragraph of Section 1 of Chapter 10 of the Code of

Judicial Procedure (oikeudenkäymiskaari/code of judicial procedure);



-in Sweden: the first sentence of the first paragraph of

Section 3 of Chapter 10 of the Code of Judicial Procedure

(the code of judicial procedure);



-in the United Kingdom: the rules which enable jurisdiction to

be founded on:



(a) the document instituting the proceedings having been served

on the defendant during his temporary presence in the United

Kingdom; or



(b) the presence within the United Kingdom of property

belonging to the defendant; or



(c) the seizure by the plaintiff of property situated in the

United Kingdom.



Article 4



If the defendant is not domiciled in a Contracting State, the

jurisdiction of the courts of each Contracting State shall,

subject to the provisions of Article 16, be determined by the

law of that State.



As against such a defendant, any person domiciled in a

Contracting State may, whatever his nationality, avail himself

in that State of the rules of jurisdiction there in force, and

in particular those specified in the second paragraph of

Article 3, in the same way as the nationals of that State.



Section 2



Special jurisdiction



Article 5



A person domiciled in a Contracting State may, in another

Contracting State, be sued:



1. in matters relating to a contract, in the courts for the

the place of performance of the obligation in question; in matters

relating to individual contracts of employment, this place is

that where the employee habitually carries out his work, or if

the employee does not habitually carry out his work in any one

country, the employer may also be sued in the courts for the

the place where the business which engaged the employee was or is

now situated;



2. in matters relating to maintenance, in the courts for the

the place where the maintenance creditor is domiciled or habitually

resident or, if the matter is ancillary to proceedings

concerning the status of a person, in the court which,

According to its own law, has jurisdiction to entertain those

proceedings, unless that jurisdiction is based solely on the

nationality of one of the parties;



3. in matters relating to tort, delicts or quasi-delicts, in the

courts for the place where the harmful event occurred;



4. as regards a civil claim for damages or restitution which is

based on an act giving rise to criminal proceedings, in the

court seised of those proceedings, to the extent that that

the Court has jurisdiction under its own law to entertain civil

proceedings;



5. as regards a dispute arising out of the operations of a

Branch, agency or other establishment, in the courts for the

the place in which the branch, agency or other establishment is

situated;



6. as settlor, trustee or beneficiary of a trust created by the

operation of a statute, or by a written instrument, or created

orally and evidenced in writing, in the courts of the

Contracting State in which the trust is domiciled;



7. as regards a dispute concerning the payment of remuneration

granted in respect of the salvage of a cargo or freight, in the

Court under the authority of which the cargo or freight in

question:



(a) has been arrested to secure such payment, or



(b) could have been so arrested, but bail or other security has

been given;



provided that this provision shall apply only if it is granted

that the defendant has an interest in the cargo or freight or

had such an interest at the time of salvage.



Article 6



A person domiciled in a Contracting State may also be sued:



1. where he is one of a number of defendants, in the courts for

the place where any one of them is domiciled;



2. as a third party in an action on a warranty or guarantee or

in any other third party proceedings, in the court seised of

the original proceedings, unless these were instituted solely

with the object of removing him from the jurisdiction of the

Court which would be competent in his case;



3. on a counter-claim arising from the same contract or facts

on which the original claim was based, in the court in which

the original claim is pending;



4. in matters relating to a contract, if the action may be

combined with an action against the same defendant in matters

relating to rights in rem in immovable property, in the court

of the Contracting State in which the property is situated.



Article 6a



Where by virtue of this Convention a court of a Contracting

State has jurisdiction in actions relating to liability from

the use or operation of a ship, that court, or any other court

the profile file for this purpose by the internal law of that State,

shall also have jurisdiction over claims for limitation of such

liability.



Section 3



Jurisdiction in matters relating to insurance



Article 7



In matters relating to insurance, jurisdiction shall be

determined by this Section, without prejudice to the provisions

of Articles 4 and 5 point 5.



Article 8



An insurer domiciled in a Contracting State may be sued:



1. in the courts of the State where he is domiciled, or



2. in another Contracting State, in the courts for the place

where the policy-holder is domiciled, or



3. if he is a co-insurer, in the courts of a Contracting State

in which proceedings are brought against the leading insurer.



An insurer who is not domiciled in a Contracting State but has

a branch, agency or other establishment in one of the

Contracting States shall, in disputes arising out of the

the operations of the branch, agency or establishment, be deemed to

be domiciled in that State.



Article 9



In respect of liability insurance or insurance of immovable

property, the insurer may in addition be sued in the courts for

the place where the harmful event occurred. The same applies if

movable and immovable property are covered by the same

insurance policy and both are adversely affected by the same

contingency.



Article 10



In respect of liability insurance, the insurer may also, if the

law of the court permits it, be joined in proceedings which the

injured party had brought against the fully insured.



The provisions of Articles 7, 8 and 9 shall apply to action

brought by the injured party directly against the insurer,

where such direct actions are permitted



.



If the law governing such direct actions provides that the

policy-holder or the fully insured may be joined as a party to the

action, the same court shall have jurisdiction over them.



Article 11



Without prejudice to the provisions of the third paragraph of


Article 10, an insurer may bring proceedings only in the courts

of the Contracting State in which the defendant is domiciled,

irrespective of whether he is the policy-holder, the fully insured or

(a) the beneficiary.



The provisions of this Section shall not affect the right to

bring a counterclaim in the court in which, in accordance with

This Section, the original claim is pending.



Article 12



The provisions of this Section may be departed from only by an

the agreement on jurisdiction:



1. which is entered into after the dispute has arisen, or



2. which allows the policy-holder, the fully insured or a beneficiary

to bring proceedings in courts other than those indicated in

This Section, or



3. which is concluded between a policy-holder and an insurer,

both of whom are domiciled in the same Contracting State, and

which has the effect of conferring jurisdiction on the courts

of that State even if the harmful event were to occur abroad,

provided that such an agreement is not contrary to the law of

that State, or



4. which is concluded with a policy-holder who is not domiciled

in a Contracting State, except in so far as the insurance is

compulsory or relates to immovable property in a Contracting

State, or



5. which relates to a contract of insurance in so far as it

covers one or more of the risks set out in Article 12a.



Article 12a



The following are the risks referred to in point 5 of Article

12:



1. any loss of or damage to:



(a) sea-going ships, installation situated offshore or on the

high seas, or aircraft, arising from perils which relate to

their use for commercial purposes;



(b) goods in transit other than passengers ' baggage where the

the transit consists of or includes carriage by such ships or

aircraft;



2. any liability, other than for bodily injury to passengers or

loss of or damage to their baggage:



(a) arising out of the use or operation of ships, installation

or aircraft as referred to in point 1 (a) above in so far as

the law of the Contracting State in which such aircraft are

registered does not prohibit agreements on jurisdiction

regarding insurance of such risks;



(b) for loss or damage caused by goods in transit as described

in point 1 (b) above;



3. any financial loss connected with the use or operation of

ships, installation or aircraft as referred to in point 1 (a)

above, in particular loss of freight or charter-hire;



4. any risk or interest connected with any of those referred to

in points 1 to 3 above.



Section 4



Jurisdiction over consumer contracts



Article 13



In proceedings concerning a contract concluded by a person for

a purpose which can be regarded as being outside his trade or

profession, hereinafter called ' the consumer ', jurisdiction

shall be determined by this Section, without prejudice to the

the provisions of point 5 of Articles 4 and 5, if it is:



1. a contract for the sale of goods on installment credit terms;

or



2. a contract for a loan repayable by instalments, or for any

other form of credit, made to finance the sale of goods; or



3. any other contract for the supply of goods or a contract for

the supply of services, and



(a) in the State of the consumer's domicile the conclusion of

the contract was preceded by a specific invitation addressed to

him or by advertising; and



(b) the consumer took in that State the steps necessary for the

conclusion of the contract.



Where a consumer enters into a contract with a party who is not

domiciled in a Contracting State but has a branch, agency or

other establishment in one of the Contracting States, that

Party shall, in disputes arising out of the operations of the

Branch, agency or establishment, be deemed to be domiciled in

that State.



This Section shall not apply to contracts of transport.



Article 14



A consumer may bring proceedings against the other party to a

contract either in the courts of the Contracting State in which

that party is domiciled or in the courts of the Contracting

State in which he is himself domiciled.



Proceedings may be brought against a consumer by the other

party to the contract only in the courts of the Contracting

State in which the consumer is domiciled.



These provisions shall not affect the right to bring a counter-

claim in the court in which, in accordance with this Section,

the original claim is pending.



Article 15



The provisions of this Section may be departed from only by an

Agreement:



1. which is entered into after the dispute has arisen; or



2. which allows the consumer to bring proceedings in courts

other than those indicated in this Section; or



3. which is entered into by the consumer and the other party to

the contract, both of whom are at the time of conclusion of the

contract domiciled or habitually resident in the same

Contracting State, and which confers jurisdiction on the courts

of that State, provided that such an agreement is not contrary

to the law of that State.



Section 5



Exclusive jurisdiction



Article 16



The following courts shall have exclusive jurisdiction,

regardless of domicile:



1. (a) in proceedings which have as their object rights in rem

in immovable property or tenancies of immovable property, the

the courts of the Contracting State in which the property is

situated;



(b) however, in proceedings which have as their object

tenancies of immovable property concluded for temporary private

use for a maximum period of six consecutive months, the courts

of the Contracting State in which the defendant is domiciled

shall also have jurisdiction, provided that the landlord and

the tenant are natural persons and are domiciled in the same

Contracting State;



2. in proceedings which have as their object the validity of

the constitution, the nullity or the dissolution of companies

or other legal person or Association of natural or legal

person's, or the decisions of their organs, the courts of the

Contracting State in which the company, legal person or

the Association has its seat;



3. in proceedings which have as their object the validity of

entries in public registers, the courts of the Contracting

State in which the register is kept;



4. in proceedings concerned with the registration or validity

of patents, trade marks, designs, or other similar rights

required to be deposited or registered, the courts of the

Contracting State in which the deposit or registration has been

applied for, has taken place or is under the terms of an

international convention deemed to have taken place;



5. in proceedings concerned with the enforcement of judgments,

the courts of the Contracting State in which the judgment has

been or is to be enforced.



Section 6



Prorogation of jurisdiction



Article 17



If the parties, one or more of whom is domiciled in a

Contracting State, have agreed that a court or the courts of a

Contracting State are to have jurisdiction to settle any

disputes which have arisen or which may arise in connection

with a particular legal relationship, that court or those

courts shall have exclusive jurisdiction. Such an agreement

conferring jurisdiction shall be either:



(a) in writing or evidenced in writing; or



(b) in a form which accord with practices which the parties

have established between themselves; or



(c) in international trade or commerce, in a form which accord

with a usage of which the parties are or ought to have been

aware and which in such trade or commerce is widely known to,

and regularly observed by, parties to contracts of the type

involved in the particular trade or commerce concerned.



Where such an agreement is concluded by parties, none of whom

is domiciled in a Contracting State, the courts of other

Contracting States shall have no jurisdiction over their

disputes unless the court or courts chosen have declined

jurisdiction.



The court or courts of a Contracting State on which a trust

instrument has conferred jurisdiction shall have exclusive

jurisdiction in any proceedings brought against a settlor,

trustee or beneficiary, if relations between these persons or

their rights or bonds under the trust are involved.



Agreements or provisions of a trust instrument conferring

jurisdiction shall have no legal force if they are contrary to

the provisions of Articles 12 or 15, or if the courts whose

jurisdiction they purport to exclude have exclusive

jurisdiction by virtue of Article 16.



If an agreement conferring jurisdiction was concluded for the

benefit of only one of the parties, that party shall retain the

right to bring proceedings in any other court which has

jurisdiction by virtue of this Convention.



In matters relating to individual contracts of employment an

agreement conferring jurisdiction shall have legal force only

If it is entered into after the dispute has arisen or if the

employee invokes it to clay courts other than those for the

defendant's domicile or those specified in Article 5 (1).



Article 18



Apart from jurisdiction derived from other provisions of this

Convention, a court of a Contracting State before whom a

defendant enters an appearance shall have jurisdiction. This

the rule shall not apply where appearance was entered solely to

contest the jurisdiction, or where another court has exclusive

jurisdiction by virtue of Article 16.



Section 7



Examination as to jurisdiction and admissibility



Article 19



Where a court of a Contracting State is seised of a claim which

is principally concerned with a matter over which the courts of

another Contracting State have exclusive jurisdiction by virtue

of Article 16, it shall declare of its own motion that it has

no jurisdiction.



Article 20



Where a defendant domiciled in one Contracting State is sued in

a court of another Contracting State and does not enter an

appearance, the court shall declare of its own motion that it


has no jurisdiction unless its jurisdiction is derived from the

the provisions of the Convention.



The court shall stay the proceedings so long as it is not shown

that the defendant has been able to receive the document

instituting the proceedings or an equivalent document in

sufficient time to enable him to arrange for his defence, or

that all necessary steps have been taken to this end.



The provisions of the foregoing paragraph shall be replaced by

those of Article 15 of the Hague Convention of 15 November 1965

on the service abroad of judicial and extrajudicial documents

in civil or commercial matters, if the document instituting the

proceedings or notice thereof had to be transmitted abroad in

accordance with that Convention.



Section 8



Lis pendens-related actions



Article 21



Where proceedings involving the same cause of action and

between the same parties are brought in the courts of different

Contracting States, any court other than the court first seised

shall of its own motion stay its proceedings until such time as

the jurisdiction of the court first seised is established.



Where the jurisdiction of the court first seised is

established, any court other than the court first seised shall

decline jurisdiction in favour of that court.



Article 22



Where related actions are brought in the courts of different

Contracting States, any court other than the court first seised

may, while the actions are pending at first instance, stay its

proceedings.



(A) the court other than the court first seised may also, on the

application of one of the parties, decline jurisdiction if the

law of that court permits the consolidation of related actions

and the court first seised has jurisdiction over both actions.



For the purposes of this Article, actions are deemed to be

related where they are so closely connected that it is

expedient to hear and determine them together to avoid the risk

of irreconcilable judgments resulting from separate

proceedings.



Article 23



Where actions come within the exclusive jurisdiction of several

courts, any court other than the court first seised shall

decline jurisdiction in favour of that court.



Section 9



Provisional, including protective, measures



Article 24



Application may be made to the courts of a Contracting State

for such provisional, including protective, measures as may be

available under the law of that State, even if, under this

Convention, the courts of another Contracting State have

jurisdiction as to the substance of the matter.



TITLE III

RECOGNITION AND ENFORCEMENT



Article 25



For the purposes of this Convention, ' judgment ' means any

judgment given by a court or tribunal of a Contracting State,

whatever the judgment may be called, including a decree, order,

decision or writ of execution, as well as the determination of

costs or expenses by an officer of the court.



Section 1

Recognition



Article 26



A judgment given in a Contracting State shall be recognized in

the other Contracting States without any special procedure

being required.



Any interested party who raises the recognition of a judgment

as the principal issue in a dispute may, in accordance with the

procedures provided for in Sections 2 and 3 of this Title,

apply for a decision that the judgment be recognized.



If the outcome of proceedings in a court of a Contracting State

depends on the determination of an incidental question of

recognition that court shall have jurisdiction over that

question.



Article 27



A judgment shall not be recognized:



1. if such recognition is contrary to public policy in the

State in which recognition is sought;



2. where it was given in default of appearance, if the

defendant was not duly served with the document which

instituted the proceedings or with an equivalent document in

sufficient time to enable him to arrange for his defence,



3. if the judgment is irreconcilable with a judgment given in a

dispute between the same parties in the State in which

recognition is sought;



4. if the court of the State of origin, in order to arrive at

its judgment, has decided a preliminary question concerning the

the status or legal capacity of natural persons, rights in property

arising out of a matrimonial relationship, wills or succession

in a way that conflicts with a rule of the private

international law of the State in which the recognition is

sought, unless the same result would have been reached by the

application of the rules of private international law of that

State;



5. if the judgment is irreconcilable with an earlier judgment

given in a non-contracting State involving the same cause of

action and between the same parties, provided that this latter

judgment fulfils the conditions necessary for its recognition

in the State addressed.



Article 28



Moreover, a judgment shall not be recognized if it conflicts

with the provisions of Sections 3, 4 or 5 of Title II, or in a

case provided for in Article 59.



In its examination of the grounds of jurisdiction referred to

in the foregoing paragraph, the court or authority applied to

shall be bound by the findings of fact on which the court of

the State of origin based its jurisdiction.



Subject to the provisions of the first paragraph, the

jurisdiction of the court of the State of origin may not be

reviewed; the test of public policy referred to in point 1 of

Article 27 may not be applied to the rules relating to

jurisdiction.



Article 29



Under no circumstances may a foreign judgment be reviewed as to

its substance.



Article 30



A court of a Contracting State in which recognition is sought

of a judgment given in another Contracting State may stay the

the proceedings if an ordinary appeal against the judgment has been

lodged.



A court of a Contracting State in which recognition is sought

of a judgment given in Ireland or the United Kingdom may stay

the proceedings if enforcement is suspended in the State of

origin, by reason of an appeal.



Section 2

Enforcement



Article 31



A judgment given in a Contracting State and enforceable in that

State shall be enforced in another Contracting State when, on

the application of any interested party, it has been declared

enforceable there.



However, in the United Kingdom, such a judgment shall be

enforced in England and Wales, in Scotland, or in Northern

Ireland when, on the application of any interested party, it

has been registered for enforcement in that part of the United

Kingdom.



Article 32



1. The application shall be submitted:



-in Belgium, to the ' tribunal de première instance ' or

' the rechtbank van eerste aanleg ',



-in Denmark, to the ' byret ',



-in the Federal Republic of Germany,



to the presiding judge of a chamber of the ' Landgericht ';



-in Greece, to the ' ((((((((((((((((((((',



-in Spain, to the ' Juzgado de Primera Instancia ',



-in France, to the presiding judge of the ' tribunal de grande

instance ',



-in Ireland, to the High Court,



-in Italy, to the ' Corte d'appello ',



-in Luxembourg, to the presiding judge of the ' tribunal

d'arrondissement ',



-in Austria, to the ' Bezirksgericht ',



-in the Netherlands, to the presiding judge of the

the ' arrondissementsrechtbank ',



-in Portugal, to the ' Tribunal Judicial de Circulo ',



-in Finland, to the ' käräjäoikeus/



District Court ',



-in Sweden, to the ' Svea hovrätt ',



-in the United Kingdom:



(a) in England and Wales, to the High Court of Justice, or in

the case of maintenance judgment to the Magistrates ' Court on

transmission by the Secretary of State;



(b) in Scotland, to the Court of Session, or in the case of a

maintenance judgment to the Sheriff Court on transmission by

the Secretary of State;



(c) in Northern Ireland, to the High Court of Justice, or in

the case of a maintenance judgment to the Magistrates ' Court on

transmission by the Secretary of State.



2. The jurisdiction of local courts shall be determined by

reference to the place of domicile of the party against whom

enforcement is sought. If he is not domiciled in the State in

which enforcement is sought, it shall be determined by

reference to the place of enforcement.



Article 33



The procedure for making the application shall be governed by

the law of the State in which enforcement is sought.



The applicant must give an address for service of process

within the area of jurisdiction of the court applied to.

However, if the law of the State in which enforcement is sought

does not provide for the furnishing of such an address, the

applicant shall appoint a representative ad litem.



The documents referred to in Articles 46 and 47 shall be

attached to the application.



Article 34



The court applied to shall give its decision without delay; the

the party against whom enforcement is sought shall not at this

stage of the proceedings be entitled to make any submissions on

the application.



The application may be refused only for one of the reasons

specified in Articles 27 and 28.



Under no circumstances may the foreign judgment be reviewed as

to its substance.



Article 35



The appropriate officer of the court shall without delay bring

the decision given on the application to the notice of the

applicant in accordance with the procedure laid down by the law

of the State in which enforcement is sought.



Article 36



If enforcement is authorized, the party against whom

enforcement is sought may appeal against the decision within

one month of service thereof.



If that party is domiciled in a Contracting State other than

that in which the decision authorizing enforcement was given,

the time for appealing shall be two months and shall run from

the date of service, either on him in person or at his

residence. No extension of time may be granted on account of

distance.



Article 37




1. An appeal against the decision authorizing enforcement shall

be lodged in accordance with the rules governing procedure in

contentious matters:



-in Belgium, with the ' tribunal de première instance ' or

' the rechtbank van eerste aanleg ',



-in Denmark, with the ' Court ',



-in the Federal Republic of Germany, with the

The ' Oberlandesgericht ',



-in Greece, with the ' (((((((',



-in Spain, with the ' Audiencia Provincial ',



-in France, with the ' cour d'appel ',



-in Ireland, with the High Court,



-in Italy, with the ' corte d'appello ',



-in Luxembourg, with the ' Cour supérieure de justice ' sitting

as a court of civil appeal,



-in Austria with the ' Bezirksgericht ',



-in the Netherlands, with the ' arrondissementsrechtbank ',



-in Portugal, with the ' Tribunal de Relação ',



-in Finland, with the ' hovioikeus/hovrätt ',



-in Sweden, with the ' Svea hovrätt ',



-in the United Kingdom:



(a) in England and Wales, with the High Court of Justice, or in

the case of a maintenance judgment with the Magistrates ' Court;



(b) in Scotland, with the Court of Session, or in the case of a

maintenance judgment with the Sheriff Court;



(c) in Northern Ireland, with the High Court of Justice, or in

the case of a maintenance judgment with the Magistrates ' Court.



2. The judgment given on the appeal may be contested only:



-in Belgium, Greece, Spain, France, Italy, Luxembourg and in

the Netherlands, by an appeal in cassation,



-in Denmark, by an appeal to the ' højesteret ', with the leave

of the Minister of Justice,



-in the Federal Republic of Germany, by a Rechtsbeschwerde ' ',



-in Austria, in the case of an appeal, by a Revisionsrekurs ' a '

and, in the case of opposition proceedings, by a Berufung '

with the possibility of a revision,



-in Ireland, by an appeal on a point of law to the Supreme

Court,



-in Portugal, by an appeal on a point of law,



-in Finland, by an appeal to korkein oikeus/högsta '

Court ',



-in Sweden, by an appeal to the ' Supreme Court ',



-in the United Kingdom, by a single further appeal on a point

of law.



Article 38



The court with which the appeal under Article 37 (1) is lodged

may, on the application of the appellant, stay the proceedings

If an ordinary appeal has been lodged against the judgment in

the State of origin or if the time for such an appeal has not

yet expired; in the latter case, the court may specify the time

within which such an appeal is to be lodged.



Where the judgment was given in Ireland or the United Kingdom,

any form of appeal available in the State of origin shall be

treated as an ordinary appeal for the purposes of the first

paragraph.



The court may also make enforcement conditional on the

provision of such security as it shall determine.



Article 39



During the time specified for an appeal pursuant to Article 36

and until any such appeal has been determined, no measures of

enforcement may be taken other than protective measures taken

against the property of the party against whom enforcement is

sought.



The decision authorizing enforcement shall carry with it the

power to proceed to any such protective measures.



Article 40



If the application for enforcement is refused, the applicant

may appeal:



-in Belgium, to the ' cour d'appel ' or ' hof van beroep ',



-in Denmark, to the ' Court ',



-in the Federal Republic of Germany, to the

The ' Oberlandesgericht ',



-in Greece, to the ' (((((((',



-in Spain, to the ' Audiencia Provincial ',



-in France, to the ' cour d'appel ',



-in Ireland, to the High Court,



-in Italy, to the ' corte d'appello ',



-in Luxembourg, to the ' Cour supérieure de justice ' sitting as

a court of civil appeal,



-in Austria, to the ' Bezirksgericht ',



-in the Netherlands, to the ' gerechtshof ',



-in Portugal, to the ' Tribunal de Relação ',



-in Finland, to hovioikeus/hovrätt ', '



-in Sweden, to the ' Svea hovrätt ',



-in the United Kingdom:



(a) in England and Wales, to the High Court of Justice, or in

the case of a maintenance judgment to the Magistrates ' Court;



(b) in Scotland, to the Court of Session, or in the case of a

maintenance judgment to the Sheriff Court;



(c) in Northern Ireland, to the High Court of Justice, or in

the case of a maintenance judgment to the Magistrates ' Court.



2. The party against whom enforcement is sought shall be

summoned to appear before the appellate court. If he fails to

appear, the provisions of the second and third paragraphs of

Article 20 shall apply even where he is not domiciled in any of

the Contracting States.



Article 41



A judgment given on an appeal provided for in Article 40 may be

contested only:



-in Belgium, Greece, Spain, France, Italy, Luxembourg and in

the Netherlands, by an appeal in cassation,



-in Denmark, by an appeal to the ' højesteret ', with the leave

of the Minister of Justice,



-in the Federal Republic of Germany, by a Rechtsbeschwerde ' ',



-in Ireland, by an appeal on a point of law to the Supreme

Court,



-in Austria, by a Revisionsrekurs, ' a '



-in Portugal, by an appeal on a point of law,



-in Finland, by an appeal to korkein oikeus/högsta '

Court ',



-in Sweden, by an appeal to the ' Supreme Court ',



– in the United Kingdom, by a single further appeal on a point

of law.



Article 42



Where a foreign judgment has been given in respect of several

matters and enforcement cannot be authorised for all of them,

the court shall authorize enforcement for one or more of them.



An applicant may request partial enforcement of a judgment.



Article 43



A foreign judgment which orders a periodic payment by way of a

penalty shall be enforceable in the State in which enforcement

is sought only if the amount of the payment has been finally

determined by the courts of the State of origin.



Article 44



An applicant who, in the State of origin has benefited from

complete or partial legal aid or exemption from costs or

expenses, shall be entitled, in the procedures provided for in

Articles 32 to 35, to benefit from the most favourable legal

aid or the most extensive exemption from costs or expenses

provided for by the law of the State addressed.



However, an applicant who requests the enforcement of a

decision given by an administrative authority in Denmark in

respect of a maintenance order may, in the State addressed,

claim the benefits referred to in the first paragraph if he

presents a statement from the Danish Ministry of Justice to the

effect that he fulfils the economic requiremens to qualify for

the grant of complete or partial legal aid or exemption from

costs or expenses.



Article 45



No security, bond or deposit, however described, shall be

required of a party who in one Contracting State applies for

enforcement of a judgment given in another Contracting State on

the ground that he is a foreign national or that he is not

domiciled or resident in the State in which enforcement is

sought.



Section 3

Common provisions



Article 46



A party seeking recognition or applying for enforcement of a

judgment shall produce:



1. a copy of the judgment which satisfies the conditions

necessary to establish its authenticity;



2. in the case of a judgment given in default, the original or

a certified true copy of the document which establishes that

the party in default was served with the document instituting

the proceedings or with an equivalent document.



Article 47



A party applying for enforcement shall also produce:



1. documents which establish that, according to the law of the

State of origin the judgment is enforceable and has been

served;



2. where appropriate, a document showing that the applicant is

in receipt of legal aid in the State of origin.



Article 48



If the documents specified in point 2 of Articles 46 and 47 are

not produced, the court may specify a time for their

production, accept equivalent documents or, if it considers

that it has sufficient information before it, dispense with

their production.



If the court so requires, a translation of the documents shall

be produced; the translation shall be certified by a person

qualified to do so in one of the Contracting States.



Article 49



No legalization or other similar formality shall be required in

respect of the documents referred to in Articles 46 or 47 or

the second paragraph of Article 48, or in respect of a document

appointing a representative ad litem.



TITLE IV

AUTHENTIC INSTRUMENTS AND COURT SETTLEMENTS



Article 50



(A) a document which has been formally drawn up or registered as an

authentic instrument and is enforceable in one Contracting

The State shall, in another Contracting State, be declared

enforceable there, on application made in accordance with the

procedures provided for in Article 31 et seq. The application

may be refused only if enforcement of the instrument is

contrary to public policy in the State addressed.



The instrument produced must satisfy the conditions necessary

to establish its authenticity in the State of origin.



The provisions of Section 3 of Title III shall apply as

' appropriate '.



Article 51



A settlement which has been approved by a court in the course

of proceedings and is enforceable in the State in which it was

concluded shall be enforceable in the State addressed under the

same conditions as authentic instruments.



TITLE V

GENERAL PROVISIONS



Article 52



In order to determine whether a party is domiciled in the

Contracting State whose courts are seised of a matter, the

The Court shall apply its internal law.



If a party is not domiciled in the State whose courts are

seised of the matter, then, in order to determine whether the

the party is domiciled in another Contracting State, the court

shall apply the law of that State.



. . .



Article 53




For the purposes of this Convention, the seat of a company or

other legal person or association of natural or legal persons

shall be treated as its domicile. However, in order to

determine that seat, the court shall apply its rules of private

international law.



In order to determine whether a trust is domiciled in the

Contracting State whose courts are seised of the matter, the

the Court shall apply its rules of private international law.



TITLE VI

TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS



Article 54



The provisions of the Convention shall apply only to legal

proceedings instituted and to documents formally drawn up or

registered as authentic instruments after its entry into force

in the State of origin and, where recognition or enforcement of

a judgment or authentic instruments is sought, in the State

addressed.



However, judgments given after the date of entry into force of

This Convention between the State of origin and the State

addressed in proceedings instituted before that date shall be

recognized and enforced in accordance with the provisions of

Title III if jurisdiction was founded upon rules which accorded

with those provided for either in Title II of this Convention

or in a convention concluded between the State of origin and

the State addressed which was in force when the proceedings

were instituted.



If the parties to a dispute concerning a contract had agreed in

writing before 1 June 1988 for Ireland or before 1 January 1987

for the United Kingdom that the contract was to be governed by

the law of Ireland or of a part of the United Kingdom, the

the courts of Ireland or of that part of the United Kingdom shall

retain the right to exercise jurisdiction in the dispute.



Article 54a



For a period of three years from 1 November 1986 for Denmark

and from 1 June 1988 for Ireland, jurisdiction in maritime

matters shall be determined in these States not only in

accordance with the provisions of Title II, but also in

accordance with the provisions of paragraphs 1 to 6 following.

However, upon the entry into force of the International

Convention relating to the arrest of sea-going ships, signed at

Brussels on 10 May 1952, for one of these States, those

provisions shall cease to have effect for that State.



1. A person who is domiciled in a Contracting State may be sued

in the courts of one of the States mentioned above in respect

of a maritime claim if the ship to which the claim relates or

any other ship owned by him has been arrested by the judicial

process within the territory of the latter State to secure the

claim, or could have been so arrested there but bail or other

Security has been given, and either:



(a) the claimant is domiciled in the latter State; or



(b) the claim arose in the latter State; or



(c) the claim concerns the voyage during which the arrest was

made or could have been made; or



(d) the claim arises out of a collision or out of damage caused

by a ship to another ship or to goods or persons on board

either ship, either by the execution or non-execution of a

manoeuvre or by the non-observance of regulations; or



(e) the claim is for salvage; or



(f) the claim is in respect of a mortgage or hypothecation of

the ship arrested.



2. A claimant may arrest either the particular ship to which

the maritime claim relates, or any other ship which is owned by

the person who was, at the time when the maritime claim arose,

the owner of the particular ship. However, only the particular

ship to which the maritime claim relates may be arrested in

respect of the maritime claims set out in 5 (o), (p) or (q) of

This Article.



3. Ships shall be deemed to be in the same ownership when all

the shares therein are owned by the same person or persons.



4. When in the case of a charter by demise of a ship the

charterer alone is liable in respect of a maritime claim

relating to that ship, the claimant may arrest that ship or any

other ship owned by the charterer, but no other ship owned by

the owner may be arrested in respect of such claim. The same

shall apply to any case in which a person other than the owner

of a ship is liable in respect of a maritime claim relating to

that ship.



5. The expression ' maritime claim ' means a claim arising out of

one or more of the following:



(a) damage caused by any ship either in collision or otherwise;



(b) loss of life or personal injury caused by any ship or

occurring in connection with the operation on any ship;



(c) salvage;



(d) agreement relating to the use or hire of any ship whether

by charter party or otherwise;



(e) agreement relating to the carriage of goods in any ship

whether by charter party or otherwise;



(f) loss of or damage to goods including baggage carried in any

ship;



(g) general average;



(h) bottomry;



(i) towage;



(j) pilotage;



(k) goods or materials wherever supplied to a ship for her

operation or maintenance;



(l) construction, repair or equipment of any ship or dock

charges and dues;



(m) wages of masters, officers or crew;



(n) mater's disbursements, including disbursements made by

shippers, charterers or agents on behalf of a ship or her

owner;



(o) dispute as to the title to or ownership of any ship;



(p) disputes between co-owners of any ship as to the ownership,

possession, employment or earnings of that ship;



(q) the mortgage or hypothecation of any ship.



6. In Denmark, the expression ' arrest ' shall be deemed as

regards the maritime claims referred to in 5 (o) and (p) of

This Article, to include a ' forbud ', where that is the only

procedure allowed in respect of such a claim under Articles 646

to 653 of the law on civil procedure (lov om rettens maintenance).



TITLE VII

RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER CONVENTIONS



Article 55



Subject to the provisions of the second subparagraph of Article

54, and of Article 56, this Convention shall, for the States

which are parties to it, supersede the following conventions

concluded between two or more of them:



the Convention between Belgium and France on jurisdiction and

the validity and enforcement of judgments, arbitration awards

and authentic instruments, signed at Paris on 8 July 1899,



-the Convention between Belgium and the Netherlands on

jurisdiction, bankruptcy, and the validity and enforcement of

judgments, arbitration awards and authentic instruments, signed

at Brussels on 28 March 1925,



-the Convention between France and Italy on the enforcement of

judgments in civil and commercial matters, signed at Rome on 3

June 1930,



-the Convention between the United Kingdom and the French

Republic providing for the reciprocal enforcement of judgments

in civil and commercial matters, with Protocol, signed at Paris

on 18 January 1934,



-the Convention between the United Kingdom and the Kingdom of

Belgium providing for the reciprocal enforcement of judgments

in civil



and commecial matters, with Protocol, signed at Brussels on 2

May 1934,



-the Convention between Germany and Italy on the recognition

and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters,

signed at Rome on 9 March 1936,



-the Convention between the Kingdom of Belgium and Austria on

the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of judgments and

authentic instruments relating to maintenance bond,

signed at Vienna on 25 October 1957,



-the Convention between the Federal Republic of Germany and

the Kingdom of Belgium on the mutual recognition and

enforcement of judgments, arbitration awards and authentic

instruments in civil and commercial matters, signed at Bonn on

30 June 1958,



-the Convention between the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the

The Italian Republic on the recognition and enforcement of

judgments in civil and commercial matters, signed at Rome on 17

April 1959,



-the Convention between the Federal Republic of Germany and

Austria on the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of

judgments, settlements and authentic instruments in civil and

commercial matters, signed at Vienna on 6 June 1959,



-the Convention between the Kingdom of Belgium and Austria on

the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of judgments,

arbitral awards and authentic instruments in civil and

commercial matters, signed at Vienna on 16 June 1959,



-the Convention between the United Kingdom and the Federal

Republic of Germany for the reciprocal recognition and

enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters,

signed at Bonn on 14 November 1960,



-the Convention between the United Kingdom and Austria

providing for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of

judgments in civil and commercial matters, signed at Vienna on

14 July 1961, with amending Protocol signed at London on 6

March 1970,



-the Convention between the Kingdom of Greece and the Federal

Republic of Germany for the reciprocal recognition and

enforcement of judgments, settlements and authentic instruments

in civil and commercial matters, signed in Athens on 4 November

in 1961,



-the Convention between the Kingdom of Belgium and the Italian

Republic on the recognition and enforcement of judgments and

other enforceable instruments in civil and commercial matters,

signed at Rome on 6 April 1962,



-the Convention between the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the

Federal Republic of Germany on the mutual recognition and

enforcement of judgments and other enforceable instruments in

Civil and commercial matters, signed at The Hague on 30 August

in 1962,



-the Convention between the Kingdom of the Netherlands and

Austria on the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of

judgments and authentic instruments in civil and commercial

matters, signed at The Hague on 6 February 1963,



-the Convention between France and Austria on the recognition

and enforcement of judgments and authentic instruments in civil

and commercial matters, signed at Vienna on 15 July 1966,




-the Convention between the United Kingdom and the Republic of

Italy for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of

judgments in civil and commercial matters, signed at Rome on 7

February 1964, with amending Protocol signed at Rome on 14 July

in 1970,



-the Convention between the United Kingdom and the Kingdom of

the Netherlands providing for the reciprocal recognition and

enforcement of judgments in civil matters, signed at The Hague

on November 17, 1967,



-the Convention between Spain and France on the recognition

and enforcement of judgment arbitration awards in civil and

commercial matters, signed at Paris on 28 May 1969,



-the Convention between Luxembourg and Austria on the

recognition and enforcement of judgments aud authentic

instruments in civil and commercial matters, signed at

Luxembourg on 29 July 1971,



-the Convention between Italy and Austria on the recognition

and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters,

of judicial settlements and of authentic instruments, signed at

Rome on 16 November 1971,



-the Convention between Spain and Italy regarding legal aid

and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and

commercial matters, signed at Madrid on 22 May 1973,



-the Convention between Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden and

Denmark on the recognition and enforcement of judgments in

in civil matters, signed at Copenhagen on 11 October 1977,



-the Convention between Austria and Sweden on the recognition

and enforcement of judgments in civil matters, signed at

Stockholm on 16 September 1982,



-the Convention between Spain and the Federal Republic of

Germany on the recognition and enforcement of judgments,

settlements and enforceable authentic instruments in civil and

commercial matters, signed at Bonn on 14 November 1983,



-the Convention between Austria and Spain on the recognition

and enforcement of judgments, settlements and enforceable

authentic instruments in civil and commercial matters, signed

at Vienna on 17 February 1984,



-the Convention between Finland and Austria on the recognition

and enforcement of judgments in civil matters, signed at Vienna

on 17 November 1986,



and, in so far as it is in force:



-the Treaty between Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg in

jurisdiction, bankruptcy, and the validity and enforcement of

judgments, arbitration awards and authentic instruments, signed

at Brussels on 24 November 1961.



Article 56



The Treaty and the conventions referred to in Article 55 shall

continue to have effect in relation to matters to which this

Convention does not apply.



They shall continue to have effect in respect of judgments

given and documents formally drawn up or registered as

authentic instruments before the entry into force of this

Convention.



Article 57



1. This Convention shall not affect any conventions to which

the Contracting States are or will be parties and which, in

relation to particular matters, govern jurisdiction or the

recognition or enforcement of judgments.



2. With a view to its uniform interpretation, paragraph 1 shall

be applied in the following manner:



(a) this Convention shall not prevent a court of a Contracting

State which is a party to a convention on a particular matter

from assuming jurisdiction in accordance with that Convention,

even where the defendant is domiciled in another Contracting

State which is not a party to that Convention. The court

hearing the action shall, in any event, apply Article 20 of

This Convention;



(b) judgments given in a Contracting State by a court in the

exercise of jurisdiction provided for in a convention on a

particular matter shall be recognized and enforced in the other

Contracting State in accordance with this Convention.



Where a convention on a particular matter to which both the

State of origin and the State addressed are parties lays down

conditions for the recognition or enforcement of judgments,

those conditions shall apply. In any event, the provisions of

This Convention which concern the procedure for recognition and

enforcement of judgments may be applied.



3. This Convention shall not affect the application of

provisions which, in relation to particular matters, govern

jurisdiction or the recognition or enforcement of judgments and

which are or will be contained in acts of the institutions of

the European Communities or in national laws harmonized in

implementation of such acts.



Article 58



Until such time as the Convention on jurisdiction and the

enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters,

signed at Lugano on 16 September 1988, takes effect with regard

to France and the Swiss Confederation, this Convention shall

not affect the rights granted to Swiss nationals by the

Convention between France and the Swiss Confederation on

jurisdiction and enforcement of judgments in civil matters,

signed at Paris on 15 June 1869.



Article 59



This Convention shall not prevent a Contracting State from

assuming, in a convention on the recognition and enforcement of

judgments, an obligation towards a third State not to recognize

judgments given in other Contracting States against defendants

domiciled or habitually resident in the third State where, in

cases provided for in Article 4, the judgment could only be

founded on a ground of jurisdiction specified in the second

paragraph of Article 3.



However, a Contracting State may not assume an obligation

towards a third State not to recognize a judgment given in

another Contracting State by a court basing its jurisdiction on

the presence within that State of property belonging to the

defendant, or the seizure by the plaintiff of property situated

There:



1. if the action is brought to assert or declare proprietary or

possessory rights in that property, seeks to obtain authority

to dispose of it, or arises from another issue relating to such

property; or



2. if the property constitutes the security for a debt which is

the subject-matter of the action.



TITLE VIII

FINAL PROVISIONS



Article 60



. . .



Article 61



This Convention shall be ratified by the signatory States. The

instruments of ratification shall be deposited with the

Secretary-General of the Council of the European Communities.



Article 62



This Convention shall enter into force on the first day of the

third month following the deposit of the instrument of

ratification by the last signatory State to take this step.



Article 63



The Contracting States recognize that any State which becomes a

Member of the European Economic Community shall be required to

accept this Convention as a basis for the negotiations between

the Contracting States and that State necessary to ensure the

implementation of the last paragraph of Article 220 of the

Treaty establishing the European Economic Community.



The necessary adjustments may be the subject of a special

Convention between the Contracting States of the one part and

the new Member States of the other party.



Article 64



The Secretary-General of the Council of the European

Communities shall notify the signatory States of:



(a) the deposit of each instrument of ratification;



(b) the date of entry into force of this Convention;



(c) . . . ;



(d) any declaration received pursuant to Article IV of the

Protocol;



(e) any communication made pursuant to Article VI of the

Protocol.



Article 65



The Protocol annexed to this Convention by common accord of the

Contracting States shall form an integral part thereof.



Article 66



This Convention is concluded for an unlimited period.



Article 67



Any Contracting State may request the revision of this

Convention. In this event, a revision conference shall be

convened by the President of the Council of the European

Online communities.



Article 68



This Convention, drawn up in a single original in the Dutch,

French, German and Italian languages, all four texts being

equally authentic, shall be deposited in the archives of the

Secretariat of the Council of the European Communities. The

The Secretary-General shall transmit a certified copy to the

The Government of each signatory State.



In witness whereof, the undersigned Plenipotentiaries have

affixed their signatures below this Convention.



[Signatures of the designated plenipotentiaries]



PROTOCOL



The High Contracting Parties have agreed upon the following

the provisions, which shall be annexed to the Convention:



Article In



Any person domiciled in Luxembourg who is sued in a court of

another Contracting State pursuant to Article 5 (1) may refuse

to submit to the jurisdiction of that court. If the defendant

does not enter an appearance the court shall declare of its own

motion that it has no jurisdiction.



An agreement conferring jurisdiction, within the meaning of

Article 17, shall be valid with respect to a person domiciled

in Luxembourg only if that person has expressly and

specifically so agreed.



Article II



Without prejudice to any more favourable provisions of national

laws, persons domiciled in a Contracting State who are being

prosecuted in the criminal courts of another Contracting State

of which they are not nationals for an offence which was not

intentionally committed may be defended by persons qualified to

do so, even if they do not appear in person.



However, the court seised of the matter may order appearance in

person; in the case of failure to appear, a judgment given in

the civil action without the person concerned having had the

opportunity to arrange for his defence need not be recognized

or enforced in the other Contracting States.



Article III



In proceedings for the issue of an order for enforcement, no

charge, duty or fee calculated by reference to the value of the

matter in issue may be levied in the State in which enforcement

is sought.



Article IV




Judicial and extrajudicial documents drawn up in one

Contracting State which have to be served on persons in another

Contracting State shall be transmitted in accordance with the

procedures laid down in the conventions and agreements

concluded between the Contracting States.



Unless the State in which service is to take place objects by

the Declaration to the Secretary-General of the Council of the

European Communities, such documents may also be sent by the

appropriate public officers of the State in which the document

has been drawn up directly to the appropriate public officers

of the State in which the addressee is to be found. In this

case the officer of the State of origin shall send a copy of

the document to the officer of the State applied to who is

competent to forward it to the addressee. The document shall be

forwarded in the manner specified by the law of the State

applied to. The forwarding shall be recorded by a certificate

sent directly to the officer of the State of origin.



Article V



The jurisdiction specified in Articles 6 (2) and 10 in actions

on a warranty or guarantee or in any other third-party

proceedings may not be resorted to in the Federal Republic of

Germany or in Austria. Any person domiciled in another

Contracting State may be sued in the courts:



-of the Federal Republic of Germany, pursuant to Articles 68,

72, 73 and 74 of the code of civil procedure

(Zivilprozessordnung) concerning third-party notices,



-of Austria, pursuant to Article 21 of the code of civil

procedure (Zivilprozessordnung) concerning third-party notices.



Judgments given in the other Contracting States by virtue of

Article 6 (2) or 10 shall be recognized and enforced in the

Federal Republic of Germany and in Austria in accordance with

Title III. Any effects which judgments given in those States

may have on third parties by application of the provisions in

the preceeding paragraphs shall also be recognized in the other

Contracting States.



Article Va



In matters relating to maintenance, the expression ' court '

includes the Danish administrative authorities.



In Sweden, in summary proceedings concerning orders to pay

(order for payment procedure) and assistance (band polling), the

the expression ' court ' includes the ' Swedish enforcement service '

(bailiff).



Article Vb



In proceedings involving a dispute between the master and a

Member of the crew of a sea-going ship registered in Denmark,

in Greece, in Ireland or in Portugal, concerning remuneration

or other conditions of service, a court in a Contracting State

shall establish whether the diplomatic or consular officer

responsible for the ship has been notified of the dispute. It

shall stay the proceedings so long as he has not been notified.

It shall of its own motion decline jurisdiction if the officer,

having been duly notified, has exercised the powers accorded to

him in the matter by a consular convention, or in the absence

of such a convention has, within the time allowed, raised any

objection to the exercise of such jurisdiction.



Article Vc



Article 52 and 53 of this Convention shall, when applied by

Article 69 (5) of the Convention for the European patent for

the common market, signed at Luxembourg on 15 December 1975, to

the provisions relating to the ' residence ' in the English text of

that Convention, operate as if ' residence ' in that text were

the same as ' domicile ' in Articles 52 and 53.



Article Vd



Without prejudice to the jurisdiction of the European Patent

Office under the Convention on the grant of European patents,

signed at Munich on 5 October 1973, the courts of each

Contracting State shall have exclusive jurisdiction, regardless

of domicile, in proceedings concerned with the registration or

the validity of any European patent granted for that State which is

not a Community patent by virtue of the provisions of Article

86 of the Convention for the European patent for the common

market, signed at Luxembourg on 15 December 1975.



Article Ve



Arrangements relating to maintenance bond concluded with

administrative authorities or authenticated by them shall also

be regarded as authentic instruments within the meaning of the

first paragraph of Article 50 of the Convention.



Article VI



The Contracting States shall communicate to the Secretary-General

General of the Council of the European Communities the text of

any provisions of their laws which amend either those articles

of their laws mentioned in the Convention or the lists of

courts specified in Section 2 of Title III of the Convention.



In witness whereof, the undersigned Plenipotentiaries have

affixed their signatures below this Protocol.



Done at Brussels on the twenty-seventh day of September in the

year one thousand nine hundred and sixty-eight.



[Signatures of the designated plenipotentiaries]



PROTOCOL



on the interpretation by the Court of Justice of the Convention

of 27 September 1968 on jurisdiction and the enforcement of

judgments in civil and commercial matters



THE HIGH CONTRACTING PARTIES TO THE TREATY ESTABLISHING THE

THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY,



Having regard to the Declaration annexed to the Convention on

jurisdiction and the enforcement of judgments in civil and

commercial matters, signed at Brussels on 27 September 1968,



Have decided to conclude a Protocol conferring jurisdiction on

the Court of Justice of the European Communities to performer

that Convention, and to this end have designated as their

Plenipotentiaries:



[List of the plenipotentiaries designated by the Member States]



Who, meeting within the Council, having exchanged their full

powers, found in good and due form,



HAVE AGREED AS FOLLOWS:



Article 1



The Court of Justice of the European Communities shall have

jurisdiction to give rulings on the interpretation of the

Convention on jurisdiction and the enforcement of judgments in

Civil and commercial matters and of the Protocol annexed to

that Convention, signed at Brussels on 27 September 1968, and

also on the interpretation of the present Protocol.



The Court of Justice of the European Communities shall also

have jurisdiction to give rulings on the interpretation of the

Convention on the accession of the Kingdom of Denmark, Ireland

and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland to

the Convention of 27 September 1968 and to this Protocol.



The Court of Justice of the European Communities shall also

have jurisdiction to give rulings on the interpretation of the

Convention on the accession of the Hellenic Republic to the

Convention of 27 September 1968 and to this Protocol, as

adjusted by the 1978 Convention.



The Court of Justice of the European Communities shall also

have jurisdiction to give rulings on the interpretation of the

Convention on the accession of the Kingdom of Spain and the

The Portuguese Republic to the Convention of 27 September 1968 and

to this Protocol, as adjusted by the 1978 Convention and the

the 1982 Convention.



The Court of Justice of the European Communities shall also

have jurisdiction to give rulings on the interpretation of the

Convention on the accession of the Republic of Austria, the

Republic of Finland and the Kingdom of Sweden to the Convention

of 27 September 1968 and to this Protocol, as adjusted by the

1978 Convention, the 1982 Convention and the 1989 Convention.



Article 2



The following courts may request the Court of Justice to give

preliminary rulings on questions of interpretation:



1.-in Belgium: la Cour de Cassation '-' het Hof van

Cassatie ' and ' le Conseil d ' État '-' the Raad van State ',



-in Denmark: ' højesteret ',



-in the Federal Republic of Germany: ' die obersten

Gerichtshöfe des Bundes ',



-in Greece: the ' (((((((((((((((((((',



-in Spain: el Tribunal Supremo ',



-in France: la Cour de Cassation ' and ' le Conseil d ' État ',



-in Ireland: the Supreme Court,



-in Italy: la Corte Suprema di Cassazione ',



-in Luxembourg: la Cour supérieure de Justice ' when sitting

as the ' Cour de Cassation ',



-in Austria, the Oberster Gerichtshof's ', the

' The Verwaltungsgerichtshof ' and the ' Verfassungsgerichtshof ',



-in the Netherlands: ' de Hoge Raad ',



-in Portugal: o Supremo Tribunal de Justiça ' and ' o Supremo

Tribunal Administrativo ',



-in Finland, the ' korkein oikeus/högsta domstolen ' and ' korkein

hallintooikeus/högsta förvaltningsdomstolen ',



-in Sweden, the ' Supreme Court ', ' Regeringsrätten ',

' Arbetsdomstolen ' and ' marknadsdomstolen ',



-in the United Kingdom: the House of Lords and courts to which

application has been made under the second paragraph of Article

37 or under Article 41 of the Convention;



2. the courts of the Contracting States when they are sitting

in an appellate capacity;



3. in the cases provided for in Article 37 of the Convention,

the courts referred to in that Article.



Article 3



1. Where a question of interpretation of the Convention or of

one of the other instruments referred to in Article 1 is raised

in a case pending before one of the courts listed in point 1 of

Article 2, that court shall, if it considers that a decision on

the question is necessary to enable it to give judgment;

request the Court of Justice to give a ruling thereon.



2. Where such a question is raised before any court referred to

in point 2 or 3 of Article 2, that court may, during the

conditions laid down in paragraph 1, request the Court of

Justice to give a ruling thereon.



Article 4



1. The competent authority of a Contracting State may request

the Court of Justice to give a ruling on a question of

interpretation of the Convention or of one of the other

instruments referred to in Article 1 if judgments given by

courts of that State conflict with the interpretation given

either by the Court of Justice or in a judgment of one of the


the courts of another Contracting State referred to in point 1 or 2

of Article 2. The provisions of this paragraph shall apply only

to judgments which have become res judicata.



2. The interpretation given by the Court of Justice in response

to such a request shall not affect the judgments which gave

rise to the request for interpretation.



3. The Procurators-General of the Courts of Cassation of the

Contracting States, or any other authority designated by a

Contracting State, shall be entitled to request the Court of

Justice for a ruling on interpretation in accordance with

paragraph 1.



4. The Registrar of the Court of Justice shall give notice of

the request to the Contracting States, to the Commission and to

the Council of the European Communities; They shall then be

entitled within two months of the notification to submit

statements of case or written observations to the Court.



5. No fees shall be levied or any costs or expenses awarded in

respect of the proceedings provided for in this Article.



Article 5



1. Except where this Protocol otherwise provides, the

the provisions of the Treaty establishing the European Economic

Community and those of the Protocol on the Statute of the Court

of Justice annexed thereto, which are applicable when the Court

is requested to give a preliminary ruling, shall also apply to

any proceedings for the interpretation of the Convention and

the other instruments referred to in Article 1.



2. The Rules of Procedure of the Court of Justice shall, if

necessary, be adjusted and supplemented in accordance with

Article 188 of the Treaty establishing the European Economic

Community.



Article 6



. . .



Article 7



This Protocol shall be ratified by the signatory States. The

instruments of ratification shall be deposited with the

Secretary-General of the Council of the European Communities.



Article 8



This Protocol shall enter into force on the first day of the

third month following the deposit of the instrument of

ratification by the last signatory State to take this step;

provided that it shall at the earliest enter into force at the

same time as the Convention of 27 September 1968 on

jurisdiction and the enforcement of judgments in civil and

commercial matters.



Article 9



The Contracting States recognize that any State which becomes a

Member of the European Economic Community, and to which Article

63 of the Convention on jurisdiction and the enforcement of

judgments in civil and commercial matters applies, must accept

the provisions of this Protocol, subject to such adjustments as

may be required.



Article 10



The Secretary-General of the Council of the European

Communities shall notify the signatory States of:



(a) the deposit of each instrument of ratification;



(b) the date of entry into force of this Protocol;



(c) any designation received pursuant to Article 4 (3);



(d) . . . .



Article 11



The Contracting States shall communicate to the Secretary-General

General of the Council of the European Communities the text of

any provisions of their laws which necessitate an amendment to

the list of courts in point 1 of Article 2.



Article 12



This Protocol is concluded for an unlimited period.



Article 13



Any Contracting State may request the revision of this

Protocol. In this event, a revision conference shall be

convened by the President of the Council of the European

Online communities.



Article 14



This Protocol, drawn up in a single original in the Dutch,

French, German and Italian languages, all four texts being

equally authentic, shall be deposited in the archives of the

Secretariat of the Council of the European Communities. The

The Secretary-General shall transmit a certified copy to the

The Government of each signatory State.



In witness whereof, the undersigned Plenipotentiaries have

affixed their signatures below this Protocol.



Done at Luxembourg on the third day of June in the year one

thousand nine hundred and seventy-one.



[Signatures of the plenipotentiaries]



Annex



CONVENTION



on jurisdiction and the enforcement of judgments in

civil Area1



INGRESS2



THE HIGH CONTRACTING PARTIES TO THE TREATY ESTABLISHING

THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY,



DESIRING to implement the provisions of article 220 of that

Treaty, according to which they shall ensure simplification of

formalities governing the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of

judicial decisions,



Anxious to strengthen in the community the legal

protection of persons established therein;



Considering that for this purpose it is necessary to

determine the international jurisdiction of their

courts, to facilitate recognition and to introduce an expeditious

procedures to ensure the enforcement of decisions,

authentic instruments and Court

settlements,



HAVE decided to conclude this Convention and to this

end as their Plenipotentiaries::



[Authorized representative designated by the Member States]



Who, meeting within the Council, having exchanged their full powers,

found in good and due form,



HAVE AGREED UPON THE FOLLOWING.



TITLE I

SCOPE of APPLICATION



Article 1



This Convention applies in civil and commercial matters,

whatever the nature of the Court or Tribunal. The

shall not extend, in particular, to revenue, customs or

administrative frågor3.



The Convention does not apply to



1. natural persons ' status or

legal capacity, matrimonial, inheritance and

Wills,



2. bankruptcy, compositions and analogous proceedings;



3. social security,



4. arbitration.



TITLE II

COURT



PERMISSIONS



Section 1



General provisions



Article 2



Unless otherwise provided in this Convention,

persons domiciled in a Contracting State shall be brought in the courts of

the State, irrespective of the State he has citizenship.



For those who are not nationals of the State in which he is domiciled

apply the same rules on jurisdiction for

State's own nationals.



Article 3



A person domiciled in a Contracting State may be sued:

in the courts of another Contracting State only by virtue of the

the provisions of sections 2 to 6 of this title.



In particular, the following provisions shall not apply to such

person:



-In Belgium: article 15 of the civil code (Code civil/Burgerlijk

Wetboek) and article 638 of the judicial code (Code judiciaire-

Judicial Code),



-In Denmark: § 246, STK. 2 and 3, of the lov om rettens pleje4,



-In the Federal Republic of Germany: article 23 of the code of civil procedure

(Zivilprozeßordnung),



-In Greece: article 40 of the code of civil procedure (((((((((

((((((((( (((((((((()



-In France: articles 14 and 15 of the civil code (Code civil),



-In Ireland: the rules which enable jurisdiction on the

the plea that the statement of claim has been served on the defendant during his

temporary presence in Ireland,



-In Italy: articles 2 and 4, Nos. 1 and 2 of the code of civil procedure

(Codice in procedura civile),



-In Luxembourg: articles 14 and 15 of the civil code (Code civil),



-In Austria: article 99 of the law on jurisdiction

(Jurisdiktionsnorm),



-In the Netherlands: article 126, third subparagraph and article 127

of the code of civil procedure (Wetboek van Burgerlijke Rechtsvordering),



-In Portugal: articles 65(1), 65(2) and 65A. c in

Code of civil procedure (Código de Processo Civil) and article 11 of the

the law on trial in labour disputes (Código de Processo de

Trabalho),



-In Finland: 10 Chapter 1 § 1 mom. the second, third and fourth

the meaning of the code of judicial procedure/oikeudenkäymiskaari,



-In Sweden: 10 Chapter 3 section, the first sentence of

the code of judicial procedure,



-In the United Kingdom: rules which enable

jurisdiction to be founded on



(a)) that the summons has been served the defendant under his

temporary stay in the United Kingdom, or



(b)) that the defendant has property in the United Kingdom, or



(c)) that the plaintiff has obtained lien or similar

safety measure of property situated in the United kungariket5.



Article 4



If the defendant is not domiciled in a Contracting State is determined

jurisdiction of the courts of each Contracting State in accordance with

the State law, subject to the provisions of

Article 16.



Against such a defendant, domiciled in a

Contracting State, regardless of nationality, in the same way as

nationals, invoke the rules governing

permissions that apply there and especially the provisions

specified in article 3, second paragraph.



Section 2



Special jurisdiction



Article 5



A person domiciled in a Contracting State may be sued in the

another Contracting State



1. in matters relating to a contract, in the courts for the place where the

obligation in question have been fulfilled, or shall

be met; in matters relating to a contract of employment is that place the

where the employee habitually carries out his work or, if the

the employee does not habitually carry out his work in any one

country, the employer may also be sued in the courts for

the place where the business which engaged the employee

is or was beläget6,



2. in matters relating to maintenance obligations, in the courts for the place

where the creditor has his domicile or usual

place of residence or, if the matter is ancillary to

legal status, in the Court which, according to its own law is

It has jurisdiction to entertain those proceedings, unless that jurisdiction only

based on the medborgarskap7 of one of the parties,



3. in matters relating to tort, delict or quasi-delict, in the

the Court in the place where the harmful event occurred,




4. in matters relating to a civil claim arising from the breach, the

Court in which criminal proceedings are pending, in so far as the Court of Justice under

his law is competent to adjudicate individual claims,



5. in the case of a dispute relating to the operation of a

Branch, agency or other establishment, in the courts for the place

where this is located,



6. in his capacity as settlor of a trust, the trustee or

familiar with beneficiaries of a trust is established either

by law or by a written instrument, or created orally and

evidenced in writing in the courts of the Contracting State in which the

This trust has its säte8,



7. in the case of a dispute concerning the payment of remuneration claimed in respect of the salvage of

a cargo or freight, in the Court in which the load or

shipping



(a)) has been subject to lien or similar

security measure to ensure such payment, or



(b)) could have been subject to such a security measure, if not

bail or other security has been given,



provided that it is claimed that the defendant has no rights

to the cargo or freight or had such right at the time of

bärgningen9.



Article 6



A person domiciled in a Contracting State may also

be instituted



1. where he is one of a number of defendants, in the courts for the place where any of

them is domiciled,



2. If an action on a warranty or guarantee or other similar, at the

Court in which the original proceedings, unless

This has not instituted solely to third parties

examined by the Court other than that which would otherwise have been

jurisdiction to entertain an action against him,



3. on a counter-claim arising from the same contract or

facts on which the original claim was based, in the Court where the

the original claim is pending;



4. in matters relating to a contract, and this action may be combined with a

other goals against the same defendant on a right in rem in immovable property, in

the Court of the Contracting State where the property is belägen10,



Article 6a11



A Court of the Contracting State in which the

Convention has jurisdiction to hear matters of liability as a result of a

use or operation of ships, as well as other court

According to the law of that State has jurisdiction in lieu of this, also

jurisdiction to hear the case on limitation of such liability.



Section 3

Jurisdiction in matters relating to insurance



Article 7



For insurance disputes concerning jurisdiction-

In addition to the provisions of article 4 and article 5(5)-

the provisions of this section.



Article 8 12



An insurer domiciled in a

Contracting State may be sued:



1. in the courts of the State where he is domiciled, or



2. in another Contracting State, in the courts for the place where the

the policy-holder is domiciled, or



3. If he is a co-insurer, in the courts of a

Contracting State in which proceedings are brought against the

the main insurer.



An insurer who is not domiciled in any

Contracting State but has a branch, agency or other

establishment in such a State, shall, in disputes arising

out of the operations of this is considered to be resident in that State.



Article 9



In respect of liability insurance or insurance of immovable property

the insurer may also be brought before the Court in

the place where the harmful event occurred. The same applies if movable and

real property covered by the same insurance policy and has been damaged

by the same event.



Article 10



In the case of liability insurance can, if the law of the forum State

allows it, an action against the insurer further be brought before

the Court in which the injured party has brought against the

insured.



The provisions of articles 7, 8 and 9 shall apply if the

injured party brings an action directly against the insurer, where

such direct actions are permitted.



If the law governing such direct actions allows to

an action against the policyholder or the insured may be tested in

the same trial, the same Court has jurisdiction in relation to

These people.



Article 11



With the exception of the cases referred to in article 10 the third paragraph,

an insurer may bring proceedings only in the courts of

the Contracting State where the defendant is domiciled, irrespective of whether he

is the policyholder, the insured or a beneficiary.



The provisions of this section shall not affect the right to bring

a counter-claim in the Court in which, in accordance with

the provisions of this section, is pending.



Article 1213



Derogations from the provisions of this section in an agreement

jurisdiction only applies if the agreement



1. has entered into after the dispute has arisen, or



2. which allows the policyholder, the insured or a

beneficiary to bring proceedings in courts other than those

as set forth in this section, or



3. which is concluded between a policyholder and an

insurers, which by the insurance contract had

domiciled or habitually resident in the same Contracting State;

and the agreement means that the courts of that State shall be

competent even if damage should occur abroad, unless the

such an agreement is not contrary to the law of that State, or



4. have concluded with a policyholder who is not domiciled in

any Contracting State, provided that the insurance is not

mandatory nor relates to immovable property in a

Contracting State, or



5. relating to an insurance policy that covers one or

more of the risks set out in Article 12a.



Article 12a14



The risks referred to in article 12 are as follows:



1. Loss of or damage to



a) seagoing ships, installations situated offshore or on the high seas

, or aircraft, arising from perils which relate with

their use for commercial purposes,



b) goods in transit, with the exception of passengers ' luggage,

When the transport is carried out, in whole or in part with such a vessel or

aircraft.



2. Any liability, other than for bodily injury to passengers or

loss of or damage to their baggage:



a) arising out of the use or operation of ships,

installations or aircraft as referred to in paragraph 1 (a), unless

not the law of the Contracting State in which such aircraft are

prohibit agreements on jurisdiction regarding

insurance of such risks;



b) for loss or damage caused by goods in transit

under paragraph 1 (b).



3. Any financial loss connected with the use or

operation of ships, installations or aircraft as referred to in paragraph 1

(a), in particular loss of freight or charter-hire;



4. Any risk associated with any of the risks referred to

in paragraphs 1 to 3.



Section 4 15

Jurisdiction over consumer contracts



Article 13



In disputes arising from the contract concluded by a person for

purpose which can be regarded as being outside his trade or

professional activities, hereinafter referred to as the consumer, applicable in

question of privilege-subject to the provisions

in article 4 and article 5(5)-provisions of this section,

in the case of



1. the purchase of goods on which payment shall be made in the specific

records, or



2. loans to be repaid in instalments or any

other credit if the loan or credit was intended to

finance the purchase of goods, or



3. other contracts for the supply of goods or

services, if



a) agreement was preceded by a specific invitation addressed to

the consumer in the Contracting State in which he is domiciled, or

advertising there, and



b) the consumer took the contract required

the actions of the State.



If the consumer's contracting partner is not domiciled in a

Contracting State but has a branch, agency or other

establishment in such a State, he shall be deemed to be a resident of the

State with respect to any disputes relating to this

activity.



This section shall not apply to contracts of carriage.



Article 14



A consumer may bring proceedings against the other party to a contract either

in the courts of the Contracting State in which that party is domiciled

or in the courts of the Contracting State in which he has

resident.



An action against a consumer by the other party to the contract may be brought

only in the courts of the Contracting State in which the consumer

is domiciled.



These provisions shall not affect the right to bring a counter-claim

at the Court in which, in accordance with the provisions of

This section is pending.



Article 15



Derogations from the provisions of this section in an agreement

jurisdiction only applies if the agreement



1. has entered into after the dispute has arisen, or



2. which allows the consumer to bring proceedings in courts other than

those indicated in this section, or



3. has entered into by a consumer and his contractual partner, which at

the conclusion was domiciled or habitually resident in

the same Contracting State, and which confers the courts of that State

jurisdiction, unless such an agreement is not contrary to the law of

the State.



Section 5



Exclusive jurisdiction



Article 16



The following courts shall, regardless of domicile, have

exclusive jurisdiction



1. a) in proceedings which have as their object rights in rem in immovable property or tenancies

to immovable property, the courts of the Contracting State in which the

the property is situated,



b) However, in matters relating to a contract on access rights to the

property for temporary private use for a maximum period of six

consecutive months, the courts of the

Contracting State in which the defendant is domiciled have jurisdiction under

condition that the owner and nyttjanderättsinnehava-clean is

natural persons and are domiciled in the same Contracting-stat16,



2. in proceedings which have as their object the validity, nullity or dissolution of

companies or other legal persons or the decisions of their


organs, the courts of the Contracting State in which the legal

the person has its registered office,



3. in proceedings which have as their object the validity of entries in public

registers, the courts of the Contracting State in which the register is kept;



4. If proceedings concerned with the registration or validity of patents,

trade marks and similar rights required

the deposit or registration, the courts of the Contracting-

State in which the deposit or registration has been applied for or has

taken place or is under the terms of an international

Convention deemed to have taken place,



5. in matters relating to enforcement of judgments, the courts of the

Contracting State in which the judgment has been executed or shall

enforced.



Section 6

Prorogation of jurisdiction



Article 1717



If the parties have agreed that a court or

the courts of a Contracting State shall be competent to decide

already a dispute or future disputes arising out of or in

a particular legal relationship, and at least one of the parties has

a resident of a Contracting State, shall be the Court or

courts of that State have jurisdiction. Such agreement shall

be either



a) in writing or evidenced in writing, or



b) in a form which accords with practices which the parties have

established between themselves, or



c) in international trade or commerce, in a form which accords with

trade practice or other practice which the parties knew or

ought to have known and which is commonly known and compliant

observed by parties to contracts of the type at the

Commerce in question.



If such an agreement has been concluded between the parties, neither of which

persons domiciled in a Contracting State, the courts of other

Contracting States shall have no jurisdiction over their disputes unless the

or courts chosen have not declined jurisdiction.



The Court or the courts of a Contracting State which, under the

an act whereby a trust has been established, the competent court,

have exclusive jurisdiction in proceedings brought against a settlor,

trustee or beneficiaries of a trust, if the thing

It concerns the relationship of these people or their

rights or obligations under this trust.



Prorogation of jurisdiction or the corresponding provisions of the

an act whereby a trust has been set up has no effect if

they are contrary to the provisions of articles 12, 13 or 15, or if

the courts whose jurisdiction they exclude have exclusive

jurisdiction by virtue of article 16.



If an agreement conferring jurisdiction concluded in favor

for only one of the parties, the party of his right to

bring proceedings in any other court having jurisdiction under this

Convention.



In case if the contract of employment is an agreement conferring jurisdiction

valid only if it is entered into after the dispute has arisen or

If the employee invokes it to seise the other

courts than the courts for the place where the defendant is domiciled

or the courts referred to in article 5(1).



Article 18



In addition to the jurisdiction of a Court of a Contracting State has

under other provisions of this Convention, the Court

jurisdiction if the defendant enters an appearance before this. This applies to

However, does not apply where appearance was entered to contest only

the Court's jurisdiction, or where another court has exclusive

jurisdiction by virtue of article 16.



Section 7

Examination as to jurisdiction and the question of whether the goal can be

up



Article 19



If an action brought in a Court of a Contracting State in respect of

a dispute mainly concerns a matter over which the courts of a

another Contracting State have exclusive jurisdiction by virtue of

Article 16, it shall declare of its own motion that it has no jurisdiction.



Article 20



If a court in a Contracting State against a

defendant domiciled in another Contracting State, and

the defendant does not enter an appearance, the Court shall, ex officio

It has no jurisdiction unless its jurisdiction is derived according to the

the provisions of this Convention.



The Court shall stay the proceedings until the

It has not shown that the defendant has been able to get some

the document instituting the proceedings or an equivalent document in sufficient time to

him to arrange for his defence, or that all necessary

to this end, measures vidtagits18.



In lieu of the provisions of the preceding subparagraph applies

the provisions of article 15 of the Hague Convention of 15 november

1965 on the service abroad of judicial and extrajudicial documents

civil or commercial matters, if the document instituting the proceedings or an

further advice will be transmitted abroad in accordance

with that Convention.



Section 8



Lis pendens and related actions are connected with each other



Article 2119



If proceedings are instituted before the courts of different Contracting States concerning

the same cause of action and between the same parties, each court

other than the court first seised voluntarily let

stay proceedings until it has been determined

jurisdiction of the court first seised is established.



Where the jurisdiction of the court first

seised is established, any court other than the Court reject

in favour of that Court.



Article 22



Where related actions are raised before courts

in different Contracting States and cases are pending at first instance,

any court other than the court first seised may allow

stay proceedings.



Court other than the court first seised may also

declare the action at the request of one of the parties, whether its law permits

Union of objectives related to each other and the Court

of the court first seised has jurisdiction over both

the actions in question.



For the purposes of this article, the claim shall be deemed to have

associated with each other if they are so United to a common

It is necessary to avoid incompatible

judgments resulting from claims were tested in different

trials.



Article 23



If several courts are exclusively competent, each court

other than the court first seised that it has no jurisdiction

in favour of that Court.



Section 9



Provisional, including protective, measures



Article 24



Provisional, including protective, measures as may

taken according to the law of a Contracting State, may be requested in

courts of that State, even if the courts of another

Contracting State has jurisdiction as to the substance of the matter under this

Convention.



TITLE III

RECOGNITION AND ENFORCEMENT



Article 25



In this Convention, "judgment" means any judgment

been issued by the courts of a Contracting State, whatever the

judgment may be called, including a decree, order, decision or writ of

execution, as well as in the case of an officer of the Court

legal costs.



Section 1

Recognition



Article 26



A judgment given in a Contracting State shall be recognised in

the other Contracting States without any special procedure

being required.



On the issue of a judgment shall be recognised or not is subject to

dispute, a party who alleges that the judgment shall be recognised,

by having recourse to the procedure provided for in sections 2 and

3 of this title, apply for a decision that the judgment be recognised.



If the outcome of any proceedings in a Court of a

Contracting State depends on the determination of a judgment shall be recognised, is the

Court has jurisdiction to examine the issue of recognition.



Article 27



A judgment shall not be recognised:



1. If such recognition would be contrary to

public policy public policy in the State in which recognition is sought;



2. where it was given in default of appearance or of another judgment given

against defendant was not properly have

served with the documents instituting the proceedings in

adequate time to prepare his svaro-mål20,



3. If the judgment is irreconcilable with a judgment given in a

dispute between the same parties in the State in which recognition is sought;



4. If the Court, in its judgment in the State of origin has taken a position

to a question about the legal status of a natural person, rättskapa-

capacity or capacity to act, the matrimonial for holes

Landen, wills or succession in breach of an international

private provision in the State in which recognition is sought;

unless the result would have been the same if the Court

had applied the latter State's international private law

provisions,



5. If the judgment is irreconcilable with an earlier judgment given

in a non-Contracting State involving the same parties and concerning the

same thing, unless the first judgment fulfils the

conditions necessary for its recognition in the State addressed

gällande21.



Article 28



Moreover, a judgment shall not be recognised if it conflicts with

the provisions of sections 3, 4 and 5 of title II, and not

in the cases referred to in article 59.



The certification referred to in the previous paragraph is

the Court or authority examines the issue of recognition

bound by the findings of fact on which the Court of

State of origin based its jurisdiction.



The jurisdiction of the Court in the State of origin may not be reviewed on

grounds other than referred to in the first subparagraph;

the rules are not covered by the mentioned in article 27(1)

to public policy.



Article 29



A foreign judgment be reviewed as to its substance.



Article 30



If a Court of a Contracting State is claimed that a

judgment given in another Contracting State shall

be recognized, the Court may stay the proceedings if

Amendment of the judgment has been sought through ordinary

remedies.




If a Court of a Contracting State is claimed that a

judgment given in Ireland or the United Kingdom shall

be recognized, the Court may stay the proceedings if

enforcement of the judgement has been suspended in the State of origin on

because of that change to the judgment sökts22.



Section 2

Enforcement



Article 31



A judgment given in a Contracting State and which is

enforceable in that State shall be enforced in another

Contracting State when, on the application of any interested party, it has been declared

enforceable där23.



In the United Kingdom, however, such judgments enforced in

England and Wales, in Scotland or in Northern Ireland when,

on the application of any interested party, it has been registered for enforcement in the

part of the United kungariket24.



Article 32



1. the application shall be made



-in Belgium, the tribunal de première instance or rechtbank

van eerste aanleg,



-in Denmark, by byret25,



-in the Federal Republic of Germany, the presiding judge of a Chamber

the Landgericht (regional court),



-in Greece, at ((((((((((((((((((((,



-in Spain, before the Juzgado de Primera Instancia,



-in France, the presiding judge of the tribunal de grande instance,



-in Ireland, the High Court,



-in Italy, at the corte d ' appello,



-in Luxembourg, the presiding judge of the District Court,



-in Austria, in the District Court



-in the Netherlands, the presiding judge of the "arrondissementsrechtbank",



-in Portugal, the "Tribunal de Círculo Judical,



-in Finland, by the District Court/käräjäoikeus,



-in Sweden, by the Svea Court of appeal,



-in the United Kingdom,



a) in England and Wales, the High Court of Justice or, in

the case of judgments relating to maintenance obligations, at the Magistrates ' Court

on transmission by the Secretary of State,



b) in Scotland, to the Court of Session or, in the case of a maintenance judgment, the

maintenance obligations, at the Sheriff Court on transmission by the

The Secretary of State,



c) in Northern Ireland, the High Court of Justice or, in the case of

judgments concerning maintenance claims –, at the Magistrates ' Court by

mediation of Secretary of State26.



2. The local jurisdiction shall be determined by the counterparty's

resident. If this is not domiciled in the State in which the

enforcement is, jurisdiction shall be determined by the

place where enforcement is to take place.



Article 33



The procedure for application for enforcement shall be governed by the law of

the State in which enforcement is sought.



The applicant must give an address for service within the Court

jurisdiction where the application is made. If the law of that State does not

provides that such address shall be indicated, the applicant shall

appoint a representative ad litem.



The documents referred to in articles 46 and 47 shall be attached to the

the application.



Article 34



The court hearing the application shall decide the issue as soon as possible;

at this stage of the proceedings, the respondent did not have the opportunity

to make any submissions on the application.



The application may be refused only on any of the articles 27

and 28 specified grounds.



The foreign judgment be reviewed as to its substance.



Article 35



A competent officer of the Court shall, at the earliest opportunity, in the manner

provided in the Member State of enforcement, inform the applicant of the

judgment given in respect of the application.



Article 36



If enforcement is granted, the defendant may seek modification of

the decision within one month from the time he was served this.



If the appellant is a resident of the other Contracting State than the

in which the decision to grant enforcement was given, shall

the time limit for seeking be two months and shall run from the

date on which the decision was notified to him, either personally or in the

his residence. The time limit may not be extended because of the way

distance.



Article 3727



1. the appeal of a decision that permits

enforcement shall take place in accordance with the rules applicable

for adversarial civil process.



-in Belgium, the tribunal de première instance or rechtbank

van eerste aanleg,



-in Denmark, by the Court,



-in the Federal Republic of Germany, at the Oberlandesgericht,



-in Greece, at (((((((,



-in Spain, at the Audiencia Provincial,



-in France, at the "cour d'appel",



-in Ireland, the High Court,



-in Italy, at the corte d ' appello,



-in Luxembourg, to the Cour supérieure de justice in its

composition of the courts of appeal in civil cases,



-in Austria, in the District Court,



-in the Netherlands, the "arrondissementsrechtbank",



-in Portugal, the "Tribunal de Relação,



-in Finland, the "hovioikeus, right/



-in Sweden, by the Svea Court of appeal,



-in the United Kingdom,



a) in England and Wales, the High Court of Justice or, in

the case of judgments relating to maintenance obligations, at the Magistrates ' Court,



b) in Scotland, to the Court of Session or, in the case of a maintenance judgment, the

maintenance obligations, at the Sheriff Court,



c) in Northern Ireland, the High Court of Justice or, in the case of

judgments relating to maintenance obligations, at the Magistrates ' Court.



2. Against the decision which will be announced on the occasion of that amendment

an application may only be



-in Belgium, Greece, Spain, France, Italy, Luxembourg

and the Netherlands, an appeal in cassation,



-in Denmark, by an appeal to the højesteret after authorisation

from the Minister of Justice,



-in the Federal Republic of Germany, by Rechtsbeschwerde,



-in Austria, by appeal (Rekursverfahren) by

A Revisionsrekurs and, in case of opposition (Widerspruchsverfahren),

by Berufung with the possibility of Revision,



-in Ireland, by an appeal of a point of law to the Supreme

Court,



-in Portugal, by an appeal of a question of law,



-in Finland, by appeal to the Supreme Court/the korkein oikeus,



-in Sweden, by an appeal to the Supreme Court,



in the United Kingdom, by a single further appeal on a

question of law.



Article 38



The Court dealing with the settlement issue after

modification has been applied for under article 37, first paragraph, of

the request of the appellant, stay the proceedings, if

appeal against the judgment has been lodged by ordinary

remedies in the State of origin or if the time for such actions

has not yet expired; in the latter case, the Court may decide

a period within which such action must be taken.



If the judgment was given in Ireland or the United Kingdom,

any form of appeal available in the State of origin

regarded as such an action against the ruling with the ordinary

the remedies referred to in the first stycket28.



The Court may also make enforcement conditional on the

set such security as the Court determines.



Article 39



As long as the time limit specified in article 36 in order to seek change

has not expired, and until any

such appeal has been determined, no measures of

enforcement than protective measures against the debtor's

property.



A ruling permitting enforcement result in such

security measures may be taken.



Article 40



1. where an application for enforcement is refused, the applicant may apply for

amending decision



-in Belgium at the "cour d'appel" or "hof van beroep",



-in Denmark, by the Court,



-in the Federal Republic of Germany, at the Oberlandesgericht,



-in Greece, at (((((((,



-in Spain, Audiencia Provincial,



-in France, at the "cour d'appel",



-in Ireland, the High Court,



-in Italy, at the corte d ' appello,



-in Luxembourg, to the cour supérieure de justice in its

composition of the courts of appeal in civil cases,



-in Austria, in the District Court,



-in the Netherlands, before the gerechtshof,



-in Portugal, the "Tribunal da Relação,



-in Finland, the "hovioikeus, right/



-in Sweden, by the Svea Court of appeal,



-in the United Kingdom,



a) in England and Wales, the High Court of Justice or, in

the case of judgments relating to maintenance obligations, at the Magistrates ' Court,



b) in Scotland, to the Court of Session or, in the case of a maintenance judgment, the

maintenance claims in the Sheriff Court,



c) in Northern Ireland, the High Court of Justice or, in the case of

judgments relating to maintenance obligations, at the Magistrates ' Court29.



2. The Court dealing with the issue of enforcement after

the amendment has been applied for shall hear the other party. If the latter

fail to explain themselves, the provisions of article 20

the second and third paragraphs apply even if he does not have

a resident of a Contracting State.



Article 4130



Against the judgment given on the basis that such

the amendment referred to in article 40 has been sought may only be



-in Belgium, Greece, Spain, France, Italy, Luxembourg

and the Netherlands, by an appeal in cassation,



-in Denmark, by appeal to the "højesteret" with the permission of the

the Minister of Justice,



-in the Federal Republic of Germany, by Rechtsbeschwerde,



-in Ireland, by an appeal of a point of law to the Supreme

Court,



-in Austria, by a Revisionsrekurs,



-in Portugal, by an appeal of a question of law,



-in Finland, by appeal to the Supreme Court/the korkein oikeus,



-in Sweden, by an appeal to the Supreme Court,



-in the United Kingdom, by a single further appeal on a

question of law.



Article 42



If a foreign judgment includes several claims and enforcement

cannot be granted for the full text of the judgment, the Court shall permit the

enforcement with respect to one or more of them.



An applicant may request that the judgment is enforced in part.



Article 43



A foreign judgment of any ordered to pay penalty is

enforceable in the Member State of enforcement only if the amount of penalty payment

final has been set by the Court in the State of origin.



Article 4431



If the applicant in the State of origin had wholly or partly free legal aid

or was exempt from charges and fees, he shall at the

the procedure referred to in articles 32 to 35 be


eligible for legal aid or the cost and fee waiver

to the maximum extent possible under the law of

the Member State of enforcement.



An applicant who requests the enforcement of a decision on

maintenance obligations, which have been issued by an administrative

authority in Denmark, in the Member State of enforcement may obtain the

benefits referred to in the first subparagraph, if he produce a certificate

from the Danish justitieminsteriet who confirms that he

meet the economic conditions laid down for obtaining

legal aid, in whole or in part, or the exemption from costs

and fees.



Article 45



No security, bond or deposit, however

described, shall be required of a party who in one Contracting State, request

enforcement of a judgment given in another

Contracting State on the ground that he is a foreign national

or does not have his domicile or place of residence in the

the Member State of enforcement.



Section 3

Common provisions



Article 46



The party seeking recognition or

applying for enforcement of a judgment shall produce:



1. a copy of the judgment which satisfies the conditions necessary

to establish its authenticity;



2. in the case of a default judgment or other decision

issued against a defendant, the original or a

certified true copy of the document which establishes that the document instituting

or an equivalent document has been served on the non-

parten32.



Article 47



A party applying for enforcement shall also produce:



1. documents showing that the judgment is enforceable under the Act

in the State of origin and that it has been served,



2. where appropriate, the documents showing that the applicant

benefited from legal aid in the State of origin.



Article 48



If they are in article 46 (2) and article 47 (2) specified documents are not

has been filed, the Court may specify a time within which the

shall be submitted, accept equivalent documents or, if available

data can be considered sufficient, release the applicant from

the obligation to provide them.



If the Court so requires, a translation of the documents

be filed; the translation shall be certified by a person

qualified to do so in any of the Contracting States.



Article 49



No legalisation or other similar formality shall be required in

respect of the documents referred to in articles 46 and 47 and in

the second paragraph of article 48, or in respect of a document appointing a representative in

the thing.



TITLE IV

AUTHENTIC INSTRUMENTS AND COURT

SETTLEMENTS



Article 50



A document which has been formally drawn up or registered as an

authentic instrument and is enforceable in the

a Contracting State shall on application be declared enforceable

in another Contracting State in accordance with article 31 and

the following articles prescribed procedure. The representation may

refused only if enforcement of the authentic instrument

contrary to public policy in the

verkställighetsstaten33.



The instrument produced must satisfy the conditions

necessary for it to be accepted as an official

action in the State of origin.



The provisions of title III, section 3 applies in the applicable

parts.



Article 51



A court settlement is concluded before a court in a case pending

and is enforceable in the State in which the court settlement reached is

enforceable in the Member State of enforcement under the same

conditions as authentic instruments.



TITLE V

GENERAL PROVISIONS



Article 52



In deciding the question of whether a party is domiciled in the

Contracting State in which the action is brought, the Court shall apply its

own law.



If a party is not domiciled in the State in which proceedings are pending

the Court shall, in determining the question of whether the party is domiciled

in another Contracting State, apply the State law.



. . . 34



Article 53



For the purposes of this Convention, a company or

other legal person's seat is considered to be the habitual residence. In order to

determine where this Office is situated, the Court shall, however,

apply its rules of private international law.



To determine whether a trust is domiciled in the Contracting State in which the

the case is pending, the Court shall apply its own

International privaträtt35.



TITLE VI

TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS



Article 5436



The provisions of this Convention shall apply only to

legal proceedings instituted and to authentic

documents which have been formally drawn up or registered after

the entry into force of the Convention in the State of origin and, in the case of

recognition or enforcement of a judgment or authentic

action, in the State in which the application is addressed to.



Judgments given in the State of origin, since this

the entry into force of the Convention between the State of origin and the State

which the application is addressed to, in cases that have

brought before that date, shall be recognised and

enforceable in the State in which the application is addressed under

the provisions of title III, the Court based its

permissions on rules which accord either with the

provisions laid down in title II of this Convention or

with the provisions of a Convention which was in force between

State of origin and the State in which the application is addressed at

time for the target's or the anhängiggörande37.



If the parties are in a contractual dispute have agreed in writing

-in the case of Ireland before 1 June 1988 and concerning

The United Kingdom before 1 January 1987-the

agreement applicable law shall be the law or the law of

a part of the United Kingdom, the courts of Ireland and in

the part of the United Kingdom maintain their competence to

try tvisten38.



Article 54a39



For a period of three years from 1 november 1986 for

Denmark and from 1 June 1988 for Ireland, in maritime law case

the jurisdiction shall be determined in these States not only in accordance with

the provisions of title II, but also according to the below in

paragraphs 1 to 6 specified provisions. These provisions

However, ceases to apply to the relevant State when the

International Convention on attachment and similar

security measures (arrest) of seagoing ships, as

signed in Brussels on 10 May 1952, enters into force in

relation to the State.



1. Persons domiciled in a Contracting State may, in respect of

maritime claims proceedings may be brought before the courts in one of the above

nänmda States on the ship that the claim relates to,

or else by him owned ships, have been subject to

lien or similar security measure (detention) at a

legal procedure in the latter State's territory for

to ensure the claim, or could have been subject to such

safety measure of bail or other security had

raised and



(a) the claimant is domiciled), in that State, or



b) the claim arose in that State, or



c) claim has arisen during the trip in which:

the security operation has, or could have, taken, or



d) the claim is based on a collision or injury

caused by a ship to another or to goods or persons

on board one of the vessels, which is either effected

or non-operation or failure to comply with the

applicable regulations, or



(e)) the claim relates to salvage, or



f) mortgages because of mortgage or other agreement based

pledge to the security for the claim of the vessels

is subject to a lien or similar security measure

(arrest).



2. the lien or similar security measure (detention) can

be obtained both in the vessel Lake the claim relating to the

as in other ships owned by the person who, at the time of

the Genesis was the owner of the first vessel. In

the case of the claims referred to in paragraph 5 o, p or q in

This article, however, only the ships of maritime claim

relate to.



3. ships shall be deemed to be in the same ownership when all the shares

therein are owned by the same person or persons.



4. If, at the skeppslega (demise charter), the charterer alone is

responsible for a sjöfordran relating to the ship,

lien or similar security measure (detention) may be obtained for

the claim in this ship or other ship owned by the

the charterer but not in any other vessel belonging to the owner.

This provision also applies in other cases where someone other than the

a shipowner is liable for a sjöfordran.



5. The expression sjöfordran implies a claim based on a

or more of the following grounds:



a) to damage caused by a ship by colliding or on

otherwise.



b) death or personal injury caused by a ship or

that occurred in connection with the operation of a ship.



c) Salvage.



d) Agreement relating to the use or rental of

the basis of the charterparty or otherwise.



e) Agreement relating to the carriage of freight with a ship on the basis

of the charterparty, Bill of lading or other.



f) loss of or damage to goods including baggage during

transport by ship.



g) joint failure.



h) Bodmeri.



I) Towing.



j) pilotage.



k) the supply of goods or materials for ship operation or

maintenance, irrespective of the place of delivery.



l) Building or repairing or equipment of a vessel

or the costs of docking.



m) Master, officers and crew salaries.



n) master's disbursements, including disbursements made by

shippers, charterers or agents of the ship or its

owner's behalf.



o) dispute over the ownership of a ship.



p) Disputes between co-owners of a vessel if the ownership or


the possession or operation of the ship or the proceeds

from this.



q) liens because of mortgage or other agreement based

mortgages on ships.



6. Denmark shall, as regards the maritime claims referred to in

paragraph 5 (o) and (p) of this article, the term custody is deemed to include

also, subject to paragraphs forbud when 646 to 653 of the lov

If rettens maintenance, is the only permitted procedure in the case of

such a claim.



TITLE VII

RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER CONVENTIONS



Article 55



With the limits imposed by the second paragraph of article 54 and

Article 56 of this Convention shall, for those States that have

Party on, replace the following conventions concluded between

two or more of them:



-The Convention between Belgium and France on jurisdiction

jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments,

arbitration awards and authentic instruments, signed at Paris on

8 July 1899.



-The Convention between Belgium and the Netherlands on jurisdiction

jurisdiction, bankruptcy, and the recognition and enforcement

of judgments, arbitration awards and authentic instruments, signed at

Brussels on 28 March 1925.



-The Convention between France and Italy on the enforcement

of judgments in civil and commercial matters, signed at Rome on 3 June

1930.



-The Convention between the United Kingdom and France on

reciprocal enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters, with

the Protocol, signed in Paris on 18 January 193440.



-The Convention between the United Kingdom and the Kingdom of

Belgium on the mutual enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial

area, with Protocol, signed at Brussels on 2 may 193440.



-The Convention between Germany and Italy on the recognition and

enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters, signed in

Rome on 9 March 1936.



-The Convention between Belgium and Austria on the reciprocal

recognition and enforcement of decisions and authentic

documents relating to maintenance obligations, signed at Vienna

195741 on 25 October.



-The Convention between the Federal Republic of Germany and

The Kingdom of Belgium on the mutual recognition and

enforcement in civil and commercial matters of judgments, arbitration awards

and authentic instruments, signed at Bonn on 30 June

1958.



-The Convention between the Kingdom of the Netherlands and Italian

Republic on the recognition and enforcement of judgments in

Civil and commercial matters, signed at Rome on 17 april 1959.



-The Convention between Germany and Austria on the reciprocal

recognition and enforcement of judgments, settlements and

authentic instruments in civil and commercial matters, signed in

Vienna, 6 June 195942.



-The Convention between Belgium and Austria on the reciprocal

recognition and enforcement of judgments, arbitration awards and

authentic instruments in civil and commercial matters, signed in

Vienna, 16 June 195942.



-The Convention between the United Kingdom and Förbundsrepu-

Republic of Germany on the mutual recognition and enforcement of

judgments in civil and commercial matters, signed at Bonn on 14 July

196043.



-The Convention between the United Kingdom and Austria with

provisions on the mutual recognition and enforcement of

judgments in civil and commercial matters, signed at Vienna on 14 July

1961 with amending Protocol signed at London on 6 March

197042.



-The Convention between the Kingdom of Greece and the Federal-

Republic of Germany on the mutual recognition and enforcement

of judgments, settlements and authentic instruments on

Civil and commercial matters, signed in Athens on 4 november

196144.



-The Convention between the Kingdom of Belgium and the Republic of

Italy on the recognition and enforcement of judgments and other

enforceable instruments in civil and commercial matters, signed at Rome

on 6 april 1962.



-The Convention between the Kingdom of the Netherlands and

The Federal Republic of Germany on the mutual recognition and

enforcement of judgments and other enforceable instruments in

Civil and commercial matters, signed at the Hague on 30 August 1962.



-The Convention between the Netherlands and Austria on the reciprocal

recognition and enforcement of decisions and authentic

documents in civil and commercial matters, signed at the Hague on 6

February 196342.



-The Convention between France and Austria on the recognition and

enforcement of judgments and authentic instruments in

Civil and commercial matters, signed at Vienna on 15 July 196645.



-The Convention between the United Kingdom and the Republic of

Italy on the mutual recognition and enforcement of judgments in

Civil and commercial matters, signed at Rome on 7 February 1964,

with additional protocol signed in Rome on July 14, 197046.



-The Convention between the United Kingdom and the Kingdom of

Netherlands on the mutual recognition and enforcement of

judgments in civil and commercial matters, signed at the Hague on 17

November 196746.



-The Convention between Spain and France on the recognition and

enforcement of judgments and arbitral awards in civil and commercial

area, signed at Paris on 28 may 196945.



-The Convention between Luxembourg and Austria on the recognition and

enforcement of judgments and authentic instruments in

Civil and commercial matters, signed at Luxembourg on 29 July

197147.



-The Convention between Italy and Austria on the recognition and

enforcement of judgments, settlements and authentic instruments

in civil and commercial matters, signed at Rome on 16 november

197147.



-The Convention between Spain and Italy regarding legal aid and if

recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters,

signed at Madrid on 22 may 197345.



-The Convention between Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and

Sweden on the recognition and enforcement of judgments in

Civil and commercial matters, signed at Copenhagen on 11 October

197747.



-The Convention between Austria and Sweden on the recognition and

enforcement of civil judgments, signed at Stockholm on 16

September 198247.



-The Convention between Spain and the Federal Republic of Germany

on the recognition and enforcement of judgments, settlements and

enforceable authentic instruments in civil and commercial matters,

signed at Bonn on 14 november 198345.



-The Convention between Austria and Spain on the recognition and

enforcement of judgments, settlements and enforceable

authentic instruments in civil and commercial matters, signed in

Vienna 17 February 198447.



-The Convention between Finland and Austria on the recognition and

enforcement of civil judgments, signed at Vienna on 17

November 198647,



and, if it is in force,



the Treaty between Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg on

jurisdiction, bankruptcy, and the validity

enforcement of judgments, arbitration awards and authentic instruments,

signed in Brussels on 24 november 1961.



Article 56



The Treaty and the conventions referred to in article 55 shall

continue to apply in areas where this Convention is not

applicable.



They shall continue to have effect in respect of judgments

given and documents formally drawn up or registered

as official documents prior to this Convention,

date of entry into force.



Article 57



1. this Convention shall not affect conventions

the Contracting States are party or will take office

and which in relation to particular matters, govern jurisdiction

or the recognition or enforcement of domar48.



2. in order to ensure uniform interpretation, paragraph 1

apply as follows:



a) this Convention shall not prevent a Court of

a Contracting State which is a party to a Convention that regulates

a special area to declare that it has jurisdiction in accordance with the

Convention, even if the defendant is domiciled in a

Contracting State which is not a party to the relevant

Convention. The court hearing the case shall, however, always

apply article 20 of this Convention.



b) judgments given by a court in a Contracting State

with the exercise of jurisdiction provided for in a Convention

on a particular matter shall be recognised and enforced in

the other Contracting States in accordance with the provisions of

This Convention.



Where a Convention on a particular matter, and that

ratified by the State of origin as well as of the State

application Parties lays down conditions for the recognition or

enforcement of judgments, those conditions shall apply.

The provisions of this Convention which concern the procedure for recognition

and enforcement can, however, always tillämpas49.



3. this Convention shall not affect the application of the

provisions which, in relation to particular matters, govern the legal

jurisdiction or the recognition or enforcement of judgments

are contained in, or will be included in the acts

of the institutions of the European communities or in national

legislation to implement such harmonised

rättsakter50.



Article 5851



To the Convention on jurisdiction and the

enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters, signed in

Lugano on 16 september 1988, takes effect for France and

Switzerland, this Convention shall not affect the rights that

Swiss citizens have by agreement between France

and Switzerland on jurisdiction and the enforcement of

civil judgments, signed at Paris on 15 June 1869.



Article 59



This Convention shall not prevent a

Contracting State, in relation to a third State, in a

Convention on the recognition and enforcement of judgments, order the

not to recognise judgments given in other

Contracting States against defendants domiciled or their

habitual residence in that third State when its judgment, in cases

referred to in article 4, the judgment could only be founded on the basis of a


jurisdiction listed in article 3, second paragraph.



A Contracting State shall not, however, in relation to a third

State undertake not to recognise a judgment given in

another Contracting State by a court based its

competence in that the defendant has property in that State or that

the plaintiff has obtained lien or similar security measure in

property is there, if



1. matters relating to the ownership of property or right of possession

This, the purpose of acquiring the right to dispose of it, or

relates to other dispute relating to such property, or



2. the property constitutes the security for the claim which is the object of

rättegången52.



TITLE VIII



END-



PROVISIONS



Article 60



. . . 53



Article 6154



This Convention shall be subject to ratification by the signatory States.

Instruments of ratification shall be deposited with the

the Secretary-General of the European communities.



Article 6255



This Convention shall enter into force on the first day of the third

a month after the instrument of ratification

by the last signatory State which fulfills this formality.



Article 63



States parties noted that any State which becomes a Member

the European Community shall be required to accept this

Convention as a basis for the negotiations that are necessary

in order to ensure the implementation of the last subparagraph of article 220

of the Treaty establishing the European economic

the community, in the relationship between the Contracting States and the

State.



The necessary adaptation may be the subject of a special Convention

between Contracting States, of the one part, and the State, on the

the other side.



Article 6456



The Secretary-General of the European Communities shall

notify the signatory States of



(a) the deposit of each instrument of ratification),



(b)) date of the entry into force of the Convention,



c) . . . 57



d) declarations received under article IV of the Protocol;



e) notifications made under article VI of the Protocol.



Article 65



The Protocol by common agreement between

States Parties attached to this Convention form an integral

part of this.



Article 66



This Convention is concluded for an unlimited period.



Article 67



Any Contracting State may require that the Convention be revised. If

so, the Chairman of the Council of the European communities

convene a revision Conference.



Article 6858



This Convention, drawn up in a single original in the

Dutch, French, German and Italian languages, all four

texts being equally authentic, shall be deposited in the archives of

the General Secretariat of the Council of the European communities.

The Secretary-General shall transmit to the Government of each signatory State

send a certified kopia59.



For evidence of this, the undersigned authorized representative

signed this Convention.



(The designated authorized representative underskrifter60)



PROTOKOLL61



The High Contracting Parties have agreed

the following provisions, which shall be attached to the Convention:



Article In



If an action is brought against a person domiciled in Luxembourg at a

Court of another Contracting State pursuant to article 5(1),

refuse to submit if the Court's jurisdiction. If the defendant

does not enter an appearance, the Court shall declare of its own motion

unauthorized.



An agreement conferring jurisdiction within the meaning of article 17 applies

against a person domiciled in Luxembourg only if that

expressly and specifically approved the agreement.



Article II



Without prejudice to more favourable national provisions,

persons domiciled in a Contracting State and is charged with a

non-willful offences by a criminal court in another

Contracting State in which he is not a national, defended by

an authorised person, even if he fails to appear

personally.



The court hearing the case may, however, provide personal

appearance; If such requirement is not complied with

need a judgment given concerning a civil

claims against someone who has not had the opportunity to respond to the case

neither be recognised or enforced in the other Contracting States.



Article III



No charge, duty or fee calculated by reference to the object

value may be levied in the Member State of enforcement during the procedure

referring to the writ of execution.



Article IV



Judicial and extrajudicial documents drawn up in a

Contracting State and which must be communicated to someone in another

Contracting State shall be transmitted in accordance with the conventions

and agreements in force between the Contracting States.



Unless the State in which the notification shall take place by a

Declaration to the Secretary-General of the European

communities oppose this, such documents

also be sent from the officer of the State where the document was

been drawn up directly to the officer of the State in which the recipient

find themselves. In such a case, the officer in

the Member State of origin shall send a copy of the document to the

officials in the State who is authorized to submit the

to the receiver. The document shall be forwarded in the manner

provided in the recipient State law. The handover shall be confirmed

by a certificate sent directly to the officer in

the Member State of origin.



Article V62



The jurisdiction specified in article 6(2) and article

10 in actions on a warranty of guarantee or in any other third party proceedings may not

invoked in Germany or in Austria. Persons domiciled

in another Contracting State may be brought before the courts



-in Germany, pursuant to articles 68, 72, 73 and 74 of the

Code of civil procedure (Zivilprozessordnung) concerning

third-party notices



-in Austria, pursuant to article 21 of the code of civil procedure

(Zivilprozessordnung) concerning third-party notices.



Judgments given in other Contracting States, with the support of

Article 6(2) or article 10 shall be recognised and enforced in

Germany and Austria in accordance with title III. The

legal effects which judgments given in these States may have for

third parties by application of the preceding paragraph shall also

be recognised in the other Contracting States.



Article Va63



In case that maintenance obligations covered by the term of court

also the Danish administrative authorities.



In Sweden referred to in summary proceedings concerning

payment procedure and assistance with the expression "Court"

also the Swedish enforcement authority.



Article Vb64



In a dispute between the master and one in the crew of a

sea-going ship registered in Denmark, Greece,

Ireland or Portugal where wages or other conditions of employment,

the courts of another Contracting State shall consider whether it

diplomatic or consular officer responsible for the

the vessel has been informed of the dispute. The Court shall

Let the outcome of delayed so long as the notice has not been

occurred. It shall declare of its own motion if

the official, duly notified, has exercised its

powers in the matter under a consular Convention, or, in

the absence of such a Convention, within the required time,

made the objection of the Court's jurisdiction in the dispute.



Article Vc65



When articles 52 and 53 of this Convention, in accordance with

Article 69.5 of the Convention for the European patent for the

common market, signed at Luxembourg on 15 december

in 1975, apply to the provisions relating to residence in the

English text of the Convention is considered the term residence

in the text have the same meaning as the term established in the

articles 52 and 53.



Article Vd66



Subject to the jurisdiction of the European

Patent Office under the European patent Convention

signed at Munich on 5 October 1973, the courts of

Each Contracting State, irrespective of the place of residence, have exclusive

jurisdiction in proceedings concerning the registration or validity

of a European patent granted for that State and

that is not a Community patent by virtue of article 86 in

Convention for the European patent for the common market,

signed at Luxembourg on 15 december 1975.



Article Ve67



An arrangement relating to maintenance obligations concluded with

administrative authorities or authenticated by them

shall also be considered as an official document under item 50

the first paragraph of the Convention.



Article VI



States parties shall submit to the Secretary General at the

The Council of the European Communities shall forward such legal texts

changes either in the provisions to which reference is made in

This Convention or the lists of courts

specified in title III, section 2, of the Convention.



For evidence of this, the undersigned authorized representative

signed this Protocol.



Done at Brussels on the 27th september

nittonhundrasextioåtta.



(The designated authorized representative signature.)



PROTOCOL



If the Court's interpretation of the Convention of 27 september 1968 on

the Court's jurisdiction and the enforcement of judgments in

civil område68



THE HIGH CONTRACTING PARTIES TO THE TREATY ESTABLISHING

THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY,



Referring to the Declaration annexed to the Convention on the

jurisdiction and the enforcement of judgments in

Civil and commercial matters, signed at Brussels on 27 september

1968.



Has decided to adopt a protocol which gives the European

Court of Justice jurisdiction to interpret the Convention

and to this end have designated as their Plenipotentiaries:



(List of Plenipotentiaries designated by

Member States.)



Who, meeting within the Council, having exchanged their full powers

and found them to be in good and due form.




HAVE AGREED UPON THE FOLLOWING.



Article 1



The European Court of Justice has jurisdiction to interpret

Convention on jurisdiction and the enforcement of

judgments in civil and commercial matters and to the Convention

annexed Protocol signed in Brussels on 27 september

in 1968, and this Protocol.



The Court is also competent to interpret

Convention on the accession of the Kingdom of Denmark, Ireland and the United

Kingdom United Kingdom and Northern Ireland access to

Convention on 27 september 1968 and to this protokoll69.



The Court is also competent to interpret

Convention on the accession of the Republic of Greece's access to

Convention of 27 september 1968 and to this Protocol,

so they have been adapted by the 1978 konvention70.



The Court is also competent to interpret

Convention on the accession of the Kingdom of Spain and the Portuguese Republic

access to the Convention on 27 september 1968, as well as to

This Protocol, as adjusted by the 1978 and 1982

annual konventioner71.



The Court is also competent to interpret

Convention on the accession of the Republic of Austria, the Republic of Finland and the

Admission of the Kingdom of Sweden to the Convention on 27

September 1968 and to this Protocol, so that they have

adapted by 1978, 1982 and 1989 konventioner72.



Article 2



The following courts may request the Court to

give a preliminary ruling on a question referred for a preliminary ruling:



1.-in Belgium: Cour de cassation-Hof van Cassatie and

Conseil d'Etat-Raad van State,



-in Denmark: højesteret,



-in the Federal Republic of Germany: die obersten Gerichtshöfe des

Bundes,



-in Greece: (((((((((((((((((((,



-in Spain: Tribunal Supremo,



-in France: Cour de cassation and the Conseil d'Etat,



-in Ireland: the Supreme Court,



-in Italy: Corte suprema di cassazione,



-in Luxembourg, the "Cour supérieure de justice in its composition

as the Cour de Cassation,



the Oberster Gerichtshof Austria-: in, the Verwaltungsgerichtshof and the

The verfassungsgerichtshof,



-in the Netherlands: the Hoge Raad,



-in Portugal: the Supremo Tribunal de justiça Supremo Tribunal and

Administrativo,



-in Finland: the Supreme Court/the korkein oikeus and highest

korkein hallintooikeus/administrative court,



-in Sweden: the Supreme Court, Supreme Administrative Court, the Labour Court

and the market Court,



-in the United Kingdom: the House of Lords and the courts to

What applications under article 37, second subparagraph, or article

41 of the Convention has gjorts73;



2. States parties ' courts when they are courts of appeal,



3. in the cases referred to in article 37 of the Convention, the courts

as mentioned in the article.



Article 3



1. When a question of interpretation of the Convention and of the other

the texts referred to in article 1 is raised in a case

before any of the courts referred to in article 2(1) and

This Court finds that a decision on this matter is necessary

to enable it to give judgment, it is required to request

to the Court for a preliminary ruling.



2. When such a question is raised before any court referred to in

Article 2(2) and (3), this Court may, under the conditions laid down

in paragraph 1 may request the Court of Justice for a preliminary ruling.



Article 4



1. A competent authority of a Contracting State has the right to

request that the Court of Justice adjudicates in a question on the interpretation of

the Convention and the other texts referred to in article 1, if

judgments given by the courts of the State in conflict either

against the interpretation made by the Court or against a judgment of a

such a Court of another Contracting State mentioned in article

2.1 and 2.2. The provisions of this paragraph apply only to judgments

that has become final.



2. The interpretation made by the Court in respect of such a

the request does not affect the judgments which gave rise to the request for

interpretation.



3. The highest Government representative at the

scrap the courts of States parties, or any other

authority designated by a Contracting State competent to turn

to the Court with a request for an interpretation in accordance with paragraph 1.



4. When such a request is received, the Court's

the Registrar shall inform the Contracting States and the

Commission of the European communities and the Council, which in a

period of two months after notification has the right to

submit to the court statements of case or written observations.



5. The procedure laid down in this article shall not

lead to charges or to substitute for

costs or expenses awarded.



Article 5



1. Unless otherwise provided for in this Protocol, they shall

provisions of the Treaty establishing the European

Economic Community and the people in the annexed Protocol on

the Statute of the Court which applies when

preliminary ruling, shall also apply in the interpretation of the Convention

and the other texts referred to in article 1.



2. The rules of procedure of the Court shall, if necessary, adapted and

supplemented in accordance with article 188 of the Treaty on

the establishment of the European economic community.



Article 6



. . . 74



Article 775



This Protocol shall be ratified by the signatory States.

Instruments of ratification shall be deposited with the

the Secretary-General of the European communities.



Article 876



This Protocol shall enter into force on the first day of the third

a month after the instrument of ratification

by the last signatory State which fulfills this formality. The

However, shall enter in force no earlier than at the same time as the Convention on 27

September 1968 on jurisdiction and the enforcement of

judgments in civil and commercial matters.



Article 9



States parties noted that any State which becomes a Member

the European Economic Community and in relation to

which article 63 of the Convention on jurisdiction and the

enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters is applicable

shall accept the provisions of this Protocol, subject to

the necessary adaptation.



Article 1077



The Secretary-General of the European Communities shall

notify the signatory States of



(a) the deposit of each instrument of ratification),



b) the date of entry into force of the present Protocol,



c) dispositions that have been received in accordance with article 4(3),



d) . . . 78



Article 11



States parties shall submit to the Secretary General at the

The Council of the European Communities shall forward such legal texts

means changes in the list of courts set out in

Article 2 (1).



Article 12



This Protocol is valid for unlimited time.



Article 13



Any Contracting State may require that this Protocol be revised.

If this happens, the Chairman of the Council of the European communities

convene a revision Conference.



Article 1479



This Protocol is drawn up in a single original in the

German, French, Italian and Dutch languages, four

texts being equally authentic, shall be deposited in the archives of

the General Secretariat of the Council of the European communities.

The Secretary-General shall transmit a certified copy to

the Government of each signatärstat80.



For evidence of this, the undersigned authorized representative

signed this Protocol.



Done at Luxembourg on the third of June nittonhundrasjuttioett.



(The authorized representatives signatures.)



1 Prop. 1997/98:102, bet. 1997/98: LU24, rskr. 1997/98:231.



2 the Convention's other texts are available from

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs.



1 the text as amended by the Convention of 9 October

1978 on the accession of the Kingdom of Denmark, Ireland and the United

Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, below

called "the 1978 Convention", the Convention of 25 October

1982 concerning the access of the Hellenic Republic, hereinafter referred to as ' the 1982

Convention "and the Convention of 26 May 1989 on the accession of the Kingdom of

Spain and the Portuguese Republic, hereinafter referred to as the "1989

Annual Convention ", and the Convention of 29 november 1996 on the

The Republic of Austria, the Republic of Finland and the Kingdom of

Sweden's entry, hereinafter "the 1996 Convention".



2 the preamble of the 1989 Convention contains the following text:

"Bearing in mind that the Member States of the community and

Member States of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA)

on 16 september 1988 Lugano Convention was included on Court

jurisdiction and the enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial

area, which extends the principles of the Brussels Convention to

to apply to the States taking up this Convention. "



3 second sentence added by article 3 of the 1978 Convention.



4 Change evidenced by a notice left on February 8

in 1988, in accordance with article VI of the attached Protocol and

confirmed in the 1989 Convention, annex I, paragraph (e). 1.



5 second subparagraph as amended by article 4 of the 1978

Convention, article 3 of the 1982 Convention, article 3 of

the 1989 Convention and article 2 of the 1996 Convention.



6 article 5(1), as amended in the text in French by

Article 5(1) of the Convention of 1978, as amended by

Article 4 of the 1989 Convention.



7 article 5, paragraph 2 as amended by article 5(3) of the 1978

Convention.



8 article 5(6) added by article 5(4) of the 1978

Convention.



9 Article 5(7) added by article 5(4) of the 1978

Convention.



10 article 5 added by article 5 of the 1989 Convention.



11 article added by article 6 of the 1978 Convention.



12 the text as amended by article 7 of the 1978

Convention.



13 the text as amended by article 8 of the 1978

Convention.



14 Article added by article 9 of the 1978 Convention.



15 the text as amended by article 10 of the 1978

Convention.




16 article 16 (1) as amended by article 6 of the 1989

Convention.



17 Text as amended by article 11 of the 1978

Convention and article 7 of the 1989 Convention.



18 second subparagraph as amended by article 12 of the 1978

Convention.



19 Text as amended by article 8 of the 1989

Convention.



20 article 27(2) as amended by article 13 (1) of the 1978

Convention.



21 Article added by article 27(5), 13 (2) of the 1978

Convention.



22 the second subparagraph added by article 14 of the 1978

Convention.



23 the text as amended by article 9 of the 1989

Convention.



24 the second subparagraph is added to article 15 of the 1978

Convention.



25 Change evidenced by a notice left on February 8

in 1988, in accordance with article VI of the attached Protocol and

confirmed by the 1989 Convention, annex I, section e. 2.



26 Article 32 (1), as amended by article 16 of the 1978

Convention, article 4 of the 1982 Convention, article 10 of the 1989

Convention and article 3 of the 1996 Convention.



27 the text as amended by article 17 of the 1978

Convention, article 5 of the 1982 Convention, article 11 of the 1989

Convention and article 4 of the 1996 Convention.



28 the second paragraph has been added by article 18 of the 1978

Convention.



29 article 40 (1) as amended by article 19 of the 1978

Convention, article 6 of the 1982 Convention, article 12 of the 1989

Convention and article 5 of the 1996 Convention.



30 Text as amended by article 20 of the 1978

Convention, article 7 of the 1982 Convention, article 13 of the 1989

Convention and article 6 of the 1996 Convention.



31 the text as amended by article 21 of the 1978

Convention and the 1989 Convention, annex I, paragraph (e). 3.



32 article 46 (2), as amended by article 22 of the 1978

Convention.



33 the first subparagraph as amended by article 14 of the 1989

Convention.



34 the third paragraph has been deleted by article 15 of the 1989

Convention.



35 the second paragraph has been added by article 23 of the 1978

Convention.



36 the text as replaced by article 16 of the 1989

Convention.



37 1978 Convention contains in title V, the following

transitional provisions:



"Article 34



1. the 1968 Convention and the 1971 Protocol, as amended

According to this Convention shall apply only to legal

proceedings instituted and to authentic instruments

has been formally drawn up or registered after this Convention

entry into force in the State of origin and, in the case of recognition

or enforcement of a judgment or authentic instrument, in

the State in which the application is addressed to.



2. In the relations between the six States which included the 1968

Convention shall judgments given after this Convention

into force of the Treaty in cases that have been brought before the

that day, however, be recognised and enforced in accordance with the provisions of

Title III of the 1968 Convention as amended by this

Convention.



3. In addition, the relations between the six States that

included the 1968 Convention and the three States mentioned in

Article 1 of this Convention, as well as in the relations between

These three States, to judgments given after this

the entry into force of the Convention between the State of origin and the State

which the application is addressed to, in cases that have

brought before that date shall be recognised and enforced

in accordance with the provisions of title III of the 1968 Convention in

amended under this Convention, if jurisdiction has

founded on rules which accord either with

the provisions of the amended title II or with

the provisions of a Convention which was in force between

State of origin and the State in which the application is addressed at

time of the destination or the referral. "



the 1982 Convention contains in title V, the following

transitional provisions:



"Article 12



1. the 1968 Convention and the 1971 Protocol, as amended

According to the 1978 Convention and this Convention, shall

apply only to legal proceedings instituted and

on official documents which have been formally drawn up or registered

After the entry into force of this Convention in the State of origin and, in

question on the recognition or enforcement of a judgment or a

official document, in the State of ansöken is addressed to.



2. Judgments given after this Convention

into force of the agreement between the State of origin and the State in which the application

targeting, in cases that are pending before

on that date, shall be recognised and enforced in the State

the application is aimed at according to the provisions of title III of

the 1968 Convention, as amended by the 1978 Convention

and this Convention, if jurisdiction was founded on

provisions that comply either with the provisions of

the change in title II of the 1968 Convention, or with

the provisions of a Convention which was in force between

State of origin and the State in which the application is addressed at

time of the destination or the referral. "



the 1989 Convention contains in Title VI the following

transitional provisions:



"Article 29



1. the 1968 Convention and the 1971 Protocol, as amended

According to the 1978 Convention, the 1982 Convention and this

Convention, shall apply only to legal proceedings

has been initiated and on official documents that have been prepared

or registered after the entry into force of this Convention in

State of origin and, in the case of recognition or enforcement

of a judgment or authentic instrument, in the State in which the application

is addressed to.



2. Judgments given after this Convention

into force of the agreement between the State of origin and the State in which the application

targeting, in cases that are pending before

on that date, shall be recognised and enforced in accordance with the

the provisions of title III of the 1968 Convention, in its

as amended by the 1978 Convention, the 1982 Convention and

This Convention, if jurisdiction was founded on rules

that comply either with the provisions of the amended

Title II of the 1968 Convention, or with the provisions of

a Convention which was in force between the State of origin and the State

which the application is addressed at the time of the target's or the

referral. "



the 1996 Convention provides in title V, the following

transitional provisions:



"1. the 1968 Convention and the 1971 Protocol, as amended

According to the 1978 Convention, the 1982 Convention, the 1989

Convention and this Convention, shall apply only to

legal proceedings instituted and to authentic

documents which have been formally drawn up or registered after the entry into force of this

the entry into force of the Convention in the State of origin and, in the case of

recognition or enforcement of a judgment or authentic

action, in the State in which the application is addressed to.



2. Judgments given after this Convention

into force of the agreement between the State of origin and the State in which the application

targeting, in cases that are pending before

on that date, shall be recognised and enforced in accordance with the

the provisions of title III of the 1968 Convention, in its

as amended by the 1978 Convention, the 1982 Convention, the 1989

Convention and this Convention, if jurisdiction has

founded on rules which accord either with

the provisions of the amended title II of the 1968

Convention, or with the provisions of a Convention which was in force

between the State of origin and the State in which the application is addressed to the

at the time of the goal or the result. "



38 This paragraph shall replace article 35 of title V of the 1978

Convention which had been extended to cover the Republic of

Greece by article 1 (2) of the 1982 Convention. In 1989

Convention States that these last two provisions

shall be deleted.



39 this article added by article 17 of the 1989

Convention. It corresponds to article 36 of title V of the 1978

Convention has been extended to cover the Republic of Greece

by article 1 (2) of the 1982 Convention. In the 1989 Convention,

Article 28 provides that these last two provisions

shall be deleted.



40 indent added by article 24 of the 1978 Convention.



41 indent added by article 7 of the 1996 Convention.



42 indent added by article 7 of the 1996 Convention.



43 indent added by article 24 of the 1978 Convention.



44 indent added by article 8 of the 1982 Convention.



45 indent added by article 7 of the 1996 Convention.



46 indent added by article 24 of the 1978 Convention.



47 indent added by article 18 of the 1989 Convention.



48 Article 57 (1) as amended by article 25(1) of the 1978

Convention and article 19 of the 1989 Convention.



49 article 57 (2) added by article 19 of the 1989 Convention.

Article 57 (2) corresponds to article 25(2) of the 1978 Convention

has been extended to apply to the Republic of Greece by article 1.2 of the

the 1982 Convention. In the 1989 Convention, article 28,

provided that the last two provisions shall cease to

apply.



50 article 57 (3) added by article 25(1) of the 1978

Convention.



51 Text as amended by article 20 of the 1989

Convention.



52 second subparagraph added by article 26 of the 1978

Convention.



53 article 21 of the 1989 Convention provides that article

60, as amended by article 27 of the 1978 Convention, shall be deleted.



54 ratification of the 1978 and 1982 Conventions is regulated in

articles 38 and 14 of those conventions.




The ratification of the 1989 Convention is governed by article 3A of the

that Convention, which reads as follows:



"Article 31



This Convention shall be subject to ratification by the signatory States.

Instruments of ratification shall be deposited with the

the Secretary-General of the European communities. "



The ratification of the 1996 Convention is governed by article 15 of the

that Convention, which reads as follows:



' Article 15



This Convention shall be subject to ratification by the signatory States.

Instruments of ratification shall be deposited with the

the Secretary General of the Council of the European Union. "



55 1978 and 1982 conventions into force was regulated in

articles 39 and 15 of those conventions.



the 1989 entry into force of the Convention is governed by article 32 of

that Convention, which reads as follows:



"Article 32



1. This Convention shall enter into force on the first day of the

third month following the two signatory States, of which one

is the Kingdom of Spain or the Republic of Portugal, has

deposited their instruments of ratification.



2. In relation to each other signatory State enters this

Convention in force on the first day of the third month following

the State has deposited its instrument of ratification. "



The entry into force of the 1996 Convention is governed by article 16 of the

that Convention, which reads as follows:



"Article 16



1. This Convention shall enter into force on the first day of the

third month following the two signatory States, of which one

shall be the Republic of Austria, the Republic of Finland or

Kingdom of Sweden, have deposited their

instrument of ratification.



2. In relation to each other signatory State enters this

Convention in force on the first day of the third month following

the State has deposited its instrument of ratification. "



56 Communications on the 1978 and the 1982 Conventions governed

in articles 40 and 16 of these conventions.



Notifications about the 1989 Convention is governed by article 33 of the

that Convention, which reads as follows:



"Article 33



The Secretary-General of the European Communities shall

notify the signatory States of



(a) the deposit of each instrument of ratification),



(b)) date of the entry into force of the Convention for

the States parties to the present Covenant. "



Notifications about the 1996 Convention is governed by article 17 of the

that Convention, which reads as follows:



"Article 17



The Secretary General of the Council of the European Union shall

notify the signatory States of



(a) the deposit of each instrument of ratification),



(b)) date of the entry into force of the Convention for

the States parties to the present Covenant. "



57 in article 22 of the 1989 Convention States that (c), as amended

Article 28 of the 1978 Convention, shall be deleted.



58 the indication of the texts being equally authentic, follow by

the following provisions:



-in the case of the 1978 con vein tone, article 41 of the same

Convention, the article reads as follows:



"Article 41



This Convention, drawn up in a single original in the

Danish, English, French, Irish, Italian, Dutch and

German languages, all seven texts being equally authentic, shall

be deposited in the archives of the General Secretariat of the Council of the European

communities. The Secretary-General shall transmit a

certified copy to the Government of each signatory State. "



-in the case of the 1982 Convention, article 17 of the same

Convention, the article reads as follows:



"Article 17



This Convention, drawn up in a single original in the

Danish, English, French, German, Greek, Irish, Italian,

Dutch and German languages, all eight texts everyone owns

equally authentic, shall be deposited in the archives of

the General Secretariat of the Council of the European communities.

The Secretary-General shall transmit a certified copy to

Government of each signatory State. "



-in the case of the 1989 Convention, article 34 of the same

Convention, the article reads as follows:



"Article 34



This Convention, drawn up in a single original in the

Danish, English, French, German, Greek, Irish, Italian,

Dutch, Portuguese, Spanish and Swedish languages,

all ten texts being equally authentic, shall be deposited in the archives

of the General Secretariat of the Council of the European communities.

The Secretary-General shall transmit a certified copy to

Government of each signatory State. "



-as regards the 1996 Convention, article 18 of the

Convention, the article reads as follows:



"Article 18



This Convention, drawn up in a single original in the

Spanish, Danish, German, Greek, English, French, Irish,

Italian, Dutch, Portuguese, Finnish and Swedish

languages, all twelve texts being equally authentic, shall

be deposited in the archives of the General Secretariat of the Council of the European

communities.



The Secretary-General shall transmit a certified copy to

Government of each signatory State. "



59 Drafting of texts which possess validity to the 1968

Convention in the official languages of the acceding Member States

follow by



-in the case of the 1978 Convention, article 37 of the same

Convention, the article reads as follows:



"Article 37



The Secretary-General of the European Communities shall

to the Governments of the Kingdom of Denmark, Ireland and the United

the Kingdom of United Kingdom and Northern Ireland shall submit a

certified copy of the 1968 Convention and the 1971 Protocol on

French, Italian, Dutch and German languages.



The Danish, English and Irish in the texts of the 1968

Convention and the 1971 Protocol annexed to this Convention.

The Danish, English and Irish languages written texts

being equally authentic as the original naltexterna to 1968

Convention and the 1971 Protocol. "



-in the case of the 1982 Convention, article 13 of the same

Convention, the article reads as follows:



"Article 13



The Secretary General of the Council of the European Communities shall

the Government of the Hellenic Republic to forward a certified true copy

of the 1968 Convention, the 1971 Protocol, the 1978

Convention in the Danish, Dutch, English, French, Irish, Italian,

Dutch and German languages.



The lyrics to the 1968 Convention, the 1971 Protocol and the 1978

Convention, drawn up in the Greek language, see

annexed to this Convention. The texts that have been prepared on

Greek language possesses equal validity as the other texts of the

the 1968 Convention, the 1971 Protocol, the 1978

Convention. "



-in the case of the 1989 Convention, article 30 of the same

Convention, the article reads as follows:



"Article 30



1. the Secretary-General of the European Communities shall

to the Governments of the Kingdom of Spain and the Portuguese Republic

submit a certified copy of the 1968 Convention, the 1971

Protocol, the 1978 Convention and the 1982 Convention of ars on

Danish, English, French, German, Greek, Irish, Italian,

Dutch and German languages.



2. The texts of the 1968 Convention, the 1971 Protocol, the 1978

Convention, the 1982 Convention, drawn up on the

Spanish and Portuguese languages are set out in annexes II, III,

IV and V to this Convention. The texts drawn up in the

Spanish and Portuguese languages have equal validity as those

other texts of the 1968 Convention, the 1971 Protocol,

the 1978 Convention and the 1982 Convention. "



-as regards the 1996 Convention, article 14 of the same

Convention, the article reads as follows:



"Article 14



1. the Secretary-General of the Council of the European Union shall

The Republic of Austria, the Republic of Finland, and the Kingdom of

The Swedish Governments submit a certified copy of the 1968

Convention, the 1971 Protocol, the 1978 Convention, the 1982

Convention and the 1989 Convention in the Spanish, Danish, German,

Greek, English, French, Irish, Italian, Dutch

and Portuguese languages.



2. The texts of the 1968 Convention, the 1971 Protocol, the 1978

Convention, the 1982 Convention and the 1989 Convention which

are drawn up in the Finnish and Swedish languages are equally

validity as the other texts of the 1968 Convention, 1971

Protocol, the 1978 Convention, the 1982 Convention and

the 1989 Convention. '



60 1978, 1982 and 1989 annual conventions have been signed by the

the Member States ' accredited representative. The Kingdom Of Denmark

authorized representative's signature is followed by the following text:



"Without that, upon ratification, sacrificing a territorial

reservation in respect of Faroe Islands and Greenland, as well

the ability to later extend the Convention's scope to

include these two territories. "



61 the text as amended by the 1978, 1982 and 1989

conventions.



62 Article such as amended by article 8 of the 1996

Convention.



63 article added by article 29 of the 1978 Convention and

as amended by article 9 of the 1996 Convention.



64 article added by article 29 of the 1978 Convention,

as amended by article 9 of the 1982 Convention and article 23 of

the 1989 Convention.



65 Article added by article 29 of the 1978 Convention.



66 article added by article 29 of the 1978 Convention.



67 Article added by article 10 of the 1996 Convention.



68 Text as amended by the Convention of 9 October

1978 on the accession of the Kingdom of Denmark, Ireland and the United

Kingdom United Kingdom and Northern Ireland, below

called "the 1978 Convention", the Convention of 25 October

1982 concerning the access of the Hellenic Republic, hereinafter referred to as ' the 1982

Convention "and the Convention of 26 May 1989 on the accession of the Kingdom of

Spain and the Portuguese Republic, hereinafter referred to as the "1989


Annual Convention ", and the Convention of 29 november 1996 on the

The Republic of Austria, the Republic of Finland and the Kingdom of

Sweden's entry, hereinafter "the 1996 Convention".



69 second subparagraph added by article 30 of the 1978

Convention.



70 third paragraph added by article 10 of the 1982

Convention.



71 Fourth subparagraph added by article 24 of the 1989

Convention.



72 Fifth subparagraph added by article 11 of the 1996

Convention.



73 Point 1 as amended by article 31 of the 1978

Convention, article 11 of the 1982 Convention, article 25 of the 1989

Convention and article 12 of the 1996 Convention.



74 article 26 of the 1989 Convention provides that article 6,

as amended by article 32 of the 1978 Convention, shall be deleted.



75 see footnote 54.



76 see footnote 55.



77 see footnote 56.



78 in article 27 of the 1989 Convention provides that (d), as amended

Article 33 of the 1978 Convention, shall be deleted.



79 see footnote 58.



80 see footnote 59.