the 1996 Hague Convention
Article 1 articles 1 to 53 in the Hague on 19 October 1996
dagtecknade Convention on jurisdiction, applicable law,
recognition, enforcement and cooperation in respect of
parental responsibility and measures for the protection of children (the 1996
Convention) shall apply as in the original wording of the texts of law
here in the country. The original texts shall be equally authentic.
The original texts are available together with a Swedish translation
as an annex to this law.
Reserve forum
section 2 on the application of the 1996 Hague Convention means that a
the case shall be examined by a Committee which fulfills a municipality's information
in social services in Sweden and there is no other
competent board, is taken up by a Committee of Stockholm municipality
performing such tasks.
Approval of a placement of a child in Sweden
section 3 of The terms of authorisation of a placement of a child in
Sweden under article 33 are heard by a Board which fulfils the
tasks in social services in the municipality where the child is intended to be
placed. While consultation within the meaning of that article is made by the Board.
In Chapter 6. 11 a of the Social Service Act (2001:453) entered
conditions for accepting a position.
Specific information exchange on a child's situation, etc.
4 § Board fulfils a municipality's information within
social services must report on a child's situation according to
Article 32. The Board may also collect information or
evidence and rule on a parent's suitability in terms of
visitation, as indicated in article 35(2).
Decision on an interim measure in relation to custody, etc.
§ 5 If there is permission for a Swedish court under article
11 or 12, the Court in respect of custody, property, visitation
or guardianship, shall decide on such a temporary protection measure
referred to in these articles.
At the court handling the law (1996:242) if
Court cases. In the decision of the Court of Justice shall state how long
the safeguard measure is in effect.
The child may be heard before the Court, for special reasons for
and it is obvious that the child cannot be damaged by that
be heard. In a case involving child custody, property or rights of access,
Court, obtaining information from the social welfare board in question.
Before the social welfare Board provide information to it, if it is
appropriate, hear the parents and the child.
Recognition and enforceability
section 6, an application for recognition under article 24 or
Declaration of enforceability under article 26 is made to
District Court that the Government provides. Law (2014:934).
section 7 of the application under section 6, shall, in collaboration with
application to submit the original or a copy of
the decision that has been established by a competent authority. If
the application relates to a judgment given in a party
non-appearance, the applicant must also provide proof that
document instituting the proceedings or an equivalent document has been served
party.
In case of an application for a declaration of enforceability, should the applicant
also submit proof that the judgment is enforceable in the
State in which it has been notified.
The District Court may order the applicant to provide the additional
acts as the District Court need for its review.
If a document is written in a language other than Swedish,
should even a Swedish translation of the document submitted. A
the translation need not be submitted if the District Court opinion
It is not necessary or that it may reasonably be required.
In the Court of a case for recognition or
enforceability shall apply in all other respects the law
(1996:242) about court cases. Law (2014:934).
section 8 of the District Court shall explain the foreign judgment, in whole
or partly applicable or enforceable. Law (2014:934).
Enforcement
§ 9 Upheld an application for a declaration of enforceability, the
foreign judgment enforceable
1. According to chapter 21. parental code if it relates to a child's personal
and
2. in accordance with the enforcement code if it relates to a child's estate.
For enforcement to what is prescribed if
enforcement of the Swedish court ruling in similar cases.
Transfer of personal data
section 10 A Swedish authority may, notwithstanding section 33
personal data Act (1998:204) transferring personal data to
one authority in a country outside of the European economic
area, if necessary, to the authority shall
consider a necessary action under the 1996
Convention.
Request to exercise jurisdiction
section 11, a Swedish authority such a request referred to in
Article 9(1) shall ask the foreign authority
to exercise jurisdiction, if the foreign authority is considered
better placed to assess what is best for the child.
Transitional provisions
2014:934
1. this law shall enter into force on 10 January 2015.
2. Older rules applicable to the processing in Svea
Court of appeal and the Supreme Court cases initiated in
the Court prior to the entry into force.
Annex
CONVENTION EXPIRED, LA COMPÉTENCE, LA LOI APPLICABLE, LA
RECONNAISSANCE, L ' EXÉCUTION ET LA COOPÉRATION EN MATIÈRE DE
"RESPONSABILITÉ ET DE MESURES DE PROTECTION DES
ENFANTS
(Conclue le 19 octobre 1996)
Les Etats signataires de la
présente Convention,
Considérant qu'il convient de renforcer la protection des
enfants dans les situations à caractère international,
Désirant éviter des conflits entre leurs systèmes for Legal Affairs a
matière de compétence, loi applicable, reconnaissance et
exécution des mesures de protection des enfants,
Rappelant l ' importance de la coopération internationale pour la
protection des enfants,
Confirmant que l ' intérêt supérieur de l'enfant doit être une
considération primordiale,
Constatant la nécessité de réviser la Convention du 5 octobre
1961 la compétence des autorités expired et la loi
applicable en matière de protection des mineurs,
Désirant établir des outline communes à cet effet, en
tenant compte de la Convention des Nations Unies relative aux
droits de l'enfant, du 20 novembre 1989,
Sont convenus des outline suivantes:
CHAPITRE IN
CHAMP D ' APPLICATION DE LA CONVENTION
Article premier
1. La présente Convention a pour objet:
(a)) the determiner l ' État dont les autorités ont compétence pour
prendre des mesures tendant à la protection de la personne ou
des biens de l'enfant;
(b)) the determiner la loi applicable par ces autorités dance
l ' exercice de leur compétence;
(c)) the determiner la loi applicable à la responsabilité
";
d) d ' assurer la reconnaissance et l ' exécution des mesures de
protection dans tous les Etats contractants;
e) d ' établir entre les autorités des Etats contractants la
Coopération nécessaire à la réalisation des objectifs de la
Convention.
2. Aux fins de la Convention, l'expression «responsabilité
"» comprend l ' autorité" ou tout autre report
d ' autorité les droits, les analogue Regent pouvoirs et les
Bond des parents, d'un tuteur ou autre représentant
légal à l ' provide de la personne ou des biens de l'enfant.
Article 2
La Convention s ' applique aux enfants à partir de leur
Naissance et jusqu ' à ce qu ' ils aient atteint l ' âge de 18 ans.
Article 3 Les mesures prévues à l'article premier can
Porter ' notamment ' sur:
a) l ' attribution, l ' exercice et le retrait ou the total wholesale electricity
La responsabilité ", ainsi que la délégation de celle-
CI;
b) le droit de garde, concerning comprenant le droit sur les soins
de la personne de l enfant, et en particulier celui de décider
de son lieu de résidence, ainsi que le droit de visite,
comprenant le droit d ' emmener l'enfant pour une période limitée
dans un lieu autre que celui de sa résidence habituelle;
c) la co-tutorial, la curatelle et les institutions analogues;
d) la désignation et les fonctions de toute personne ou
which chargé de s ' streets again de la personne ou des biens de
l'enfant, de le représenter ou de assists;
e) le placement de l'enfant dans une famille d'accueil ou dance
UN establishment, ou son recueil légal couple kafala ou par une
institution analogue;
f) la supervision des soins par les autorités publiques
dispensés à toute personne ayant l'enfant par la charge de cet
enfant;
g) l ' administration, la conservation ou la disposition des
biens de l'enfant.
Article 4
Sont exclus du domaine de la Convention:
a) l ' establishment et la contestation de la filiation;
b) la décision sur l ' adoption et les mesures qui préparent la,
ainsi que l ' annulation et la révocation de l ' adoption;
c) les nom et prénoms de l'enfant;
d) l ' émancipation;
e) les bond alimentaires;
f) les trusts et successional;
g) la sécurité sociale;
h) les mesures publiques de caractère général en matière
d ' éducation et de santé;
les mesures prises in) a conséquence d ' infractions pénales
commises par des enfants;
j) les decisions sur le droit d ' asile et en matière
d ' immigration.
CHAPITRE II
COMPETENCE
Article 5
1. Les autorités judiciaires, aunt
Qu ' État contractant, administratives de de la résidence
habituelle de l enfant sont compétentes pour prendre des
Mesures tendant à la protection de sa personne ou de ses biens.
(2) Sous réserve de l'article 7, en cas de changement de la
résidence habituelle de l'enfant dans un autre Etat
les autorités compétentes contractant, sont de l ' État de la
Nouvelle résidence habituelle. Article 6
1. Pour les enfants réfugiés et les enfants qui, par suite de
troubles prévalant dans leur pays, sont internationalement
déplacés, les autorités de l ' État contractant sur le territoire
duquel ces enfants sont présents du fait de leur déplacement
exercent la compétence Prevue au paragraphe premier the
l'article 5.
2. La disposition du paragraphe précédent s ' applique également
aux enfants dont la résidence habituelle ne peut être établie.
Article 7
1. En cas de déplacement ou de non-retour illicite de l'enfant,
Les autorités de l ' État contractant dans amend the terms l'enfant avait
SA résidence habituelle immédiatement avant son déplacement ou
son non-retour conservent leur compétence jusqu'au moment où
L'Enfant a acquis une résidence habituelle dans un autre Etat
et que:
a) toute autre personne ou ayant, institution which le
droit de garde a acquiescé au déplacement ou au non-retour; OU
b) l'enfant a résidé dans cet autre Etat pour une période d ' au
moins un an après que la personne, l ' institution ou tout autre
which ayant le droit de garde a connu ou aurait Appendix: variations
connaître le lieu où se trouvait l'enfant, aucune demande de
Retour présentée pendant cette période n ' est encore en cours
d degree, et l ' enfant s ' est intégré dans son nouveau milieu.
2. Le déplacement ou le non-retour de l'enfant est considéré
comme illicite:
a) lorsqu ' il a lieu a violation d'un droit de garde, attribué
à une personne, une institution ou tout autre which, seul
OU conjointement par le droit de l'Etat dans l'enfant amend the terms
avait immédiatement avant sa résidence habituelle son
déplacement ou son non-retour, et
b) que ce droit était exercé de façon effective, seul ou
conjointement, au moment du déplacement ou you non-retour, ou
l ' eût été si de tels événements survenus n ' étaient.
Le droit de garde visé à la lettre a) peut résulter ' notamment '
d'une
Attribution de plein droit, d'une décision judiciaire ou
administrative, ou d'un accord selon le droit en vigueur de cet
Etat.
3. Tant que les autorités mentionnées au paragraphe premier
conservent leur compétence, les autorités de l ' État contractant
où l'enfant a été déplacé retenu ou ne prendre que les can
Mesures urgentes nécessaires à la protection de la personne ou
des biens de l'enfant, conformément à l'article 11.
Article 8
1. A titre d ' exception, l ' autorité de l ' État contractant
compétente en application des articles 5 ou 6, si elle
considère que l ' autorité d'un autre État contractant serait
Mieux à même d ' apprécier dans un cas particulier l ' intérêt
supérieur de l'enfant peut demander, soit à cette autorité ",
directement ou avec le con, cours de l ' Autorité centrale de cet
Etat la compétence pour de prendre acceptances les mesures de
protection qu'elle estimate nécessaires,
– soit statuer surseoir à et inviter les parties à saisir d'une
Telle demande l ' autorité de cet autre Etat.
2. Les Etats contractants dont une autorité peut être requise
ou dans les conditions fixées seizure for au paragraphe précédent
sont:
a) un État possède la nationalité dont l'enfant,
b) sont situés dans un État des biens amend the terms de l'enfant,
c) un Etat dont une demande est d'une autorité seizure for a
divorce ou de séparation corps des parents de l'enfant, ou a
annulation de leur mariage,
(d) amend the terms) un État avec l'enfant présente un lien étroit.
3. Les autorités procéder à un échange concernées can they
vues.
4. L ' autorité ou requise seizure for dans les conditions prévues au
paragraphe premier peut accepting la compétence, a lieu et
place de l ' autorité compétente en application des articles 5 ou
6, si elle considère que tel est l ' intérêt supérieur de
l'enfant.
Article 9
1. Les autorités des Etats contractants mentionnés à l'article
8, paragraphe 2, si elles sont considèrent les mieux qu ' à elles
même d ' apprécier dans un cas particulier l ' intérêt supérieur de
l'enfant, can
– soit demander à l ' autorité compétente de
l ' État contractant de la résidence habituelle de l'enfant,
directement ou avec le concours de l ' Autorité centrale de cet
Etat, de leur permettre d ' exercer la compétence pour prendre
les mesures de protection qu ' elles estiment nécessaires, — soit
the inviter les parties à présenter une telle demande devant les
Autorités de l ' État contractant de la résidence habituelle de
l'enfant.
2. Les autorités procéder à un échange concernées can they
vues.
3. L ' autorité à L'origine de la demande ne peut exercer la
Compétence en lieu et place de l ' autorité de l ' État contractant
de la résidence habituelle de l'enfant que si cette autorité (a)
accepte la demande.
Article 10
1. Sans préjudice des articles 5 à 9, les autorités d'un Etat
contractant, dans l ' exercice de leur compétence pour connaître
d'une demande a divorce ou de corps séparation des parents
d'un enfant résidant habituellement dans un autre Etat
contractant, ou en annulation de leur mariage, prendre, can
Si la loi de leur État le permet, des mesures de protection de
la personne ou des biens de l'enfant,
a) si, au commencement de la procédure, l'un des parents réside
habituellement dans cet État et que l'un d eux ait la
responsabilité "à l ' provide de l'enfant, et
b) si la compétence de ces autorités pour prendre de telles
Mesures a été acceptée par les parents, ainsi que par toute
autre personne ayant la responsabilité "à l ' provide the
l'enfant et si cette compétence est conforme à l ' intérêt
supérieur de l'enfant.
2. La compétence Prevue au paragraphe premier pour prendre des
mesures de protection de l'enfant cesse dès lors que la
décision faisant droit ou rejetant la demande a divorce,
séparation de corps ou annulation du mariage est devenue
ou définitive que la procédure a price nice pour un autre motif.
Article 11
1. Dans tous les cas d'urgence, les autorités de chaque Etat
contractant sur le territoire duquel se trouve l ' enfant ou des
biens lui appartenant sont compétentes pour prendre les mesures
the protection nécessaires.
2. Les mesures prises en application du paragraphe précédent à
l provide d'un enfant ayant sa résidence habituelle dans un Etat
contractant cessent d'avoir effet que les autorités dès
compétentes en vertu des articles 5 à 10 evil price les mesures
exigées par la situation.
3. Les mesures prises en
application du paragraphe premier à l ' provide d'un enfant ayant
SA résidence habituelle dans un État non contractant cessent
d'avoir effet dans chaque État contractant dès qu'elle y sont
reconnues les mesures prises par la situation exigées par les
autorités d'un autre État.
Article 12
(1) Sous réserve de l'article 7, les autorités d'un Etat
contractant sur le territoire duquel se trouve l ' enfant ou des
biens lui appartenant sont compétentes pour prendre des mesures
de protection de la personne ou des biens de l'enfant, ayant un
caractère provisoire et une efficacité territoriale restreinte
à cet Etat, pour autant que de telles mesures ne anything pas
incompatibles avec celles déjà prises par les autorités
compétentes en vertu des articles 5 à 10.
2. Les mesures prises en application du paragraphe précédent à
l provide d'un enfant ayant sa résidence habituelle dans un Etat
contractant cessent d'avoir effet que les autorités dès
compétentes
en vertu des articles 5 à 10 se sont prononcées sur les mesures
que pourrait
exiger la situation.
3. Les mesures prises en application du
provide premier paragraphe d'un à l ' enfant ayant sa résidence
habituelle dans un État non contractant cessent d'avoir effet
dans l ' État contractant où elles ont été prises dès qu'elle y sont
reconnues les mesures prises par la situation exigées par les
autorités d'un autre État.
Article 13
1. Les autorités qui sont d'un État contractant compétentes
Selon
Les articles 5 à 10 pour prendre des mesures de protection de
la personne ou des biens de l'enfant it s ' abstenir de
statuer si, lors de l ' introduction de la procédure, des mesures
correspondantes ont été demandées aux autorités d'un autre Etat
contractant alors compétentes en vertu des articles 5 à 10 et
sont encore en cours d ' degree.
2. La disposition du paragraphe précédent ne s ' applique pas si
Les autorités devant lesquelles la demande de mesures a été
présentée à leur ont initialement renoncé compétence.
Article 14
Les mesures prises en application des articles 5 à 10 restent
en vigueur dans les limites qui sont les leurs, même lorsqu ' un
changement des refers a fait disparaître sur l ' Oldman
amend the terms était fondée la compétence, tant que les autorités
compétentes en vertu de la Convention ne les ont pas modifiées,
remplacées ou levées.
CHAPITRE III
LOI APPLICABLE
Article 15
1. Dans l ' exercice de la compétence qui leur est attribuée par
Les
disposition du chapitre II, les autorités des Etats
contractants appliquent leur loi.
2. Toutefois, dans la mesure où la protection de la personne ou
des biens de l'enfant le requiert, elles can
exceptionnellement appliquer la loi ou prendre en considération
d'un autre État avec la situation présente amend the terms un lien
étroit.
3. En cas de changement de la résidence habituelle de l'enfant
dans un autre État contractant, la loi de cet autre Etat régit,
à partir du moment où le changement est survenu, les conditions
d application des mesures prises dans l ' État de l ' ancienne
résidence habituelle.
Article 16
1. L ' attribution de plein droit ou l ' extinction d'une
responsabilité ", sans intervention d'une autorité
judiciaire ou administrative, est régie par la loi de l ' État de
La résidence habituelle de l'enfant.
2. L ' attribution ou l ' extinction d'une responsabilité "
par un accord ou un acte unilatéral, sans intervention d'une
Autorité judiciaire ou administrative, est régie par la loi de
l ' État de la résidence habituelle de l enfant au moment où
l ' accord ou l'acte unilatéral prend effet.
3. La responsabilité "existant selon la loi de l ' État
de la résidence habituelle de l'enfant subsiste après le
changement de cette résidence habituelle dans un autre Etat.
4. En cas de changement de la résidence habituelle de l'enfant,
l ' attribution de plein droit de la responsabilité "à
une personne qui n'est pas déjà investie de cette
responsabilité est régie par la loi de l ' État de la nouvelle
résidence habituelle.
Article 17
L ' exercice de la responsabilité "est régi par la loi
de l ' État de la résidence habituelle de l'enfant. En cas de
changement de la résidence habituelle de l'enfant, il est régi
par la loi de l ' État de la nouvelle résidence habituelle.
Article 18
La responsabilité "Prevue à l'article 16
pourra être retirée ou ses conditions d ' exercice modifiées par
des mesures prises en application de la Convention.
Article 19
1. La validité d'un acte passe entre un tiers et une autre
personne qui aurait la qualité de représentant légal selon la
Loi de l ' État où l ' acte a été passé ne peut être contestée, you
La responsabilité du tiers engagée, pour le seul motif que
L'Autre personne n ' avait pas la qualité de représentant légal
en vertu de la loi désignée par les disposition du présent
Chapitre, sauf si le Rendu savait ou devait savoir que la
responsabilité "était régie par cette loi.
2. Le paragraphe précédent ne s ' applique que dans le cas où
l'acte a été passé entre personnes présentes sur le territoire
d'un même Etat.
Article 20
Les sont applicables du présent chapitre outline
même si la loi qu ' elles désignent est celle d'un État non
contractant.
Article 21
1. Au sens du présent chapitre, le terme «loi»
désigne le droit en vigueur dans un État, à l ' exclusion des
règles de conflit de lois.
2. Toutefois, si la loi applicable en vertu de l'article 16 est
celle d'un État contractant les règles et non que de conflit de
CET Etat désignent la loi d'un autre Etat qui non contractant
appliquerait sa propre loi, la loi de cet autre Etat est
applicable. Si la loi de cet État contractant autre non ne se
reconnaît pas applicable, la loi applicable est celle désignée
par l'article 16.
Article 22
L'application de la loi désignée par les outline
du présent chapitre ne peut être écartée que si cette
application est manifestement contraire à l'Ordre public,
Compte tenu de l ' intérêt supérieur de l'enfant.
CHAPITRE IV
RECONNAISSANCE ET EXECUTION
Article 23
1. Les mesures prises par les autorités d'un Etat
contractant sont reconnues de plein droit dans les autres Etats
contractants.
2. Toutefois, la reconnaissance peut être refusée:
a) si la mesure a été prise par une autorité dont la compétence
n ' était pas fondée sur un chef de compétence prévu au chapitre
(II);
b) si la mesure a été prise, hors le cas d'urgence, dans le
cadre d'une procédure judiciaire ou administrative, sans qu'elle ait
été donnée à l'enfant la possibilité d ' être entendu, a
violation des principes fondamentaux de procédure de l ' État
requise;
c) à la demande de toute personne prétendant que cette mesure
Porte atteinte à sa responsabilité ", si cette mesure (a)
été prise, hors le cas d'urgence, sans qu'elle ait été donnée à
cette personne la possibilité d ' être entendue;
d) si la reconnaissance est manifestement contraire à l'Ordre
public de l'Etat requise, compte tenu de l ' intérêt supérieur de
L'Enfant;
e) si la mesure est incompatible avec une mesure prise
postérieurement dans l'Etat non contractant de la résidence
habituelle de l'enfant, lorsque cette dernière mesure réunit
Les conditions nécessaires à sa reconnaissance dans l ' État
requise;
f) si la procédure Prevue à l'article 33 n'a pas été respectée.
Article 24
Sans préjudice de l'article 23, paragraphe premier, toute
personne intéressée peut demander aux autorités compétentes
d'un État contractant qu'il soit statué sur la reconnaissance
ou la non-reconnaissance d'une mesure prise dans un autre Etat
contractant. La procédure est régie par la loi de l ' État
requise.
Article 25
L ' autorité de l ' État requise est liée par les
constatations de fait sur lesquelles l ' autorité de l ' État qui a
price la mesure a fondé sa compétence.
Article 26
1. Si les mesures prises dans un État contractant et
qui y sont des actes d ' exécution exécutoires comportent dans un
Autre État contractant, elles sont, dans cet autre Etat,
exécutoires ou déclarées enregistrées aux fins d ' exécution, sur
Requête de toute partie intéressée, selon la procédure Prevue
par la loi de cet État.
2. Chaque État contractant applique à la déclaration
d exequatur ou à l ' enregistrement une procédure simple et
Rapide.
3. La déclaration d ' exequatur ou l ' enregistrement ne can
être refusés que pour l'un des motifs prévus à l'article 23,
paragraphe 2.
Article 27
Sous réserve de ce qui est nécessaire pour
l'application des articles qui précèdent, l ' autorité de l ' État
requise ne procédera à aucune mesure au fond de la revision
prise.
Article 28
Les mesures prises dans un Etat
contractant, qui sont déclarées exécutoires ou enregistrées aux
fins d ' exécution dans un autre État contractant, y sont mises à
exécution comme si elles avaient été prises par les autorités
the cet autre Etat. La mise à exécution des mesures se fait
conformément à la loi de l ' État requise dans les limites qui y
sont prévues, compte tenu de l ' intérêt supérieur de l'enfant.
CHAPITRE V
COOPERATION
Article 29
1. Chaque État contractant désigne une Autorité
Centrale chargée de satisfaire aux bond qui lui sont
imposées par la Convention.
2. Un État fédéral, un État dans plusieurs systèmes amend the terms they
droit sont en vigueur ou un État ayant des unités territoriales
autonomes est libre de désigner plus d'une Autorité centrale et
de spécifier l ' étendue territoriale ou personnelle de leurs
Fonctions. L ' État qui fait usage de cette faculté désigne
l ' Autorité centrale à laquelle toute communication peut être
adressée en vue de sa transmission à l ' Autorité centrale
compétente au sein de cet État. Article 30
1. Les Autorités
Centrales it coopérer entre elles et promouvoir la
Coopération entre les autorités compétentes de leur État pour
réaliser les objectifs de la Convention.
2. Elles prennent, dans le cadre de l'application de la
Convention, appropriées pour les fournir des outline
information sur leur législation, ainsi que sur les services
disponibles dans leur État en matière de protection de
l'enfant.
Article 31
L ' Autorité centrale d'un État contractant prend soit
directement, soit avec le concours d ' autorités publiques ou
d'autres organismes, toutes outline appropriées pour:
a) special les communications et offrir l'Assistance prévues
aux articles 8 et 9 et au présent chapitre;
(b)) special par la ", la conciliation ou tout autre
fashion analogue, des ententes à l ' amiable sur la protection de la
personne ou des biens de l'enfant, dans les situations
auxquelles s ' applique la Convention;
c) aider, sur demande d'une autorité compétente d'un autre Etat
contractant, à localiser l ' enfant lorsqu ' il paraît que celui-ci
EST présent sur le territoire de l ' État requise et a besoin de
protection.
Article 32
Sur demande motivée de l ' Autorité centrale ou d'une autre
Autorité compétente d'un État contractant avec l'enfant amend the terms
(a) un lien étroit, l ' Autorité centrale de l ' État contractant
(a) amend the terms said l'enfant dance résidence habituelle et dans amend the terms
Il est présent peut, soit directement, soit avec le concours
d ' autorités publiques ou d'autres organismes,
a) fournir un rapport sur la situation de l'enfant;
b) demander
à l ' autorité compétente de l ' État d ' opportunité examiner son de
prendre des mesures tendant à la protection de la personne ou
des biens de l'enfant.
Article 33
Lorsque l ' autorité compétente 1. a vertu des articles 5 à 10
the envisage le placement de l'enfant dans une famille d'accueil ou
dans un establishment, ou son recueil légal couple kafala ou par
une institution analogue, et que ce placement ou ce recueil
aura lieu dans un autre État contractant, elle consulte au
préalable de l ' Autorité centrale ou une autre autorité compétente
de ce dernier Etat. Elle lui communique à cet effet un report
sur l'enfant et les motifs de sa proposition sur le placement
ou le recueil.
2. La décision sur le placement ou le recueil ne peut être
prise dans l ' État que l ' Autorité centrale consent to si ou une
Autre autorité compétente de l ' État requise a approuvé ce
placement ou ce recueil, compte tenu de l ' intérêt supérieur de
l'enfant.
Article 34
1. Lorsqu ' une mesure de protection est
les autorités compétentes envisagée, en vertu de la Convention
can, si la situation de l'enfant à demander l ' exige, toute
Autorité d'un autre État contractant qui détient des
information utiles pour la protection de l'enfant de les lui
communiquer.
2. Chaque État contractant pourra déclarer que les demandes
prévues au paragraphe premier ne pourront être acheminées que
par l ' intermédiaire de son Autorité centrale.
Article 35
Les autorités compétentes 1. d'un État contractant can
demander aux autorités d'un autre État contractant de prêter
leur assistance à la mise en œuvre de mesures de protection
prises en application de la Convention, a particulier pour
assurer l ' exercice d'un effectif droit de visite, ainsi que du
droit de maintenir des contacts direct réguliers.
2. Les
autorités d'un État contractant dans l'enfant n'a pas amend the terms said
résidence habituelle can, à la demande d'un parent résidant
dans cet Etat et souhaitant obtenir, ou conserver un droit de
recueillir des renseignements ou visite, des be et se
prononcer sur l ' aptitude de ce à exercer le droit de parent
visite et sur les conditions dans lesquelles il pourrait
l ' exercer. L ' autorité compétente en vertu des articles 5 à 10
pour statuer sur le droit de visite devra, avant de se
prendre en considération prononcer, ces renseignements, be
OU conclusions.
3. Une autorité compétente en vertu des articles 5 à 10 pour
statuer sur le droit de visite peut suspendre la procédure
jusqu'au terme de la procédure Prevue au paragraphe 2,
' notamment ' lorsqu ' seizure for elle est d'une demande tendant à
modifier ou supprimer le droit de visite conféré par les
Autorités de l ' État de l'ancienne résidence habituelle.
4. Cet article n ' empêche pas une autorité compétente a vertu
des articles 5 à 10 de prendre des mesures provisoires jusqu'au
Terme de la procédure Prevue au paragraphe 2.
Article 36
Dans le cas où l ' enfant est exposé à un grave danger, les
autorités compétentes de l ' État contractant dans des amend the terms
mesures de protection de cet enfant ont été prises ou sont en
voie de l ' être, si elles sont informées du changement de
Résidence ou de la présence de l'enfant dans un autre Etat,
avisent les autorités de cet État de ce danger et des mesures
prises ou en cours d ' degree.
Article 37
Une autorité ne peut demander ou transmettre des information
an application de ce chapitre si elle est d ' avis qu ' une telle
demande ou transmission pourrait mettre en danger la personne
ou les biens de l'enfant, ou constituer une menace grave pour
La liberté ou la vie d'un membre de sa famille.
Article 38
1. Sans préjudice de la possibilité de réclamer des frais
raisonnables correspondant aux services fournis, les Autorités
Centrales et les autres autorités publiques des Etats
contractants supportent leurs frais découlant de application
des outline you présent chapitre.
2. Un État contractant peut conclure des accord avec un ou
plusieurs autres Etats contractants sur la répartition des
frais.
Article 39
Tout État contractant pourra conclure avec un ou plusieurs
Autres Etats contractants des accord a vue de favoriser dans
leurs rapports réciproques l'application du présent chapitre.
Les Etats qui ont conclu de tels accord a transmettront une
Copie au dépositaire de la Convention.
CHAPITRE VI
OUTLINE GENERALES
Article 40
1. Les autorités de l ' État contractant de la résidence
habituelle de l'enfant ou de l ' État contractant où une mesure
the protection a été prise au can "délivrer de la
"responsabilité ou à toute personne à qui est confiée
La protection de la personne ou des biens de l'enfant, à sa
demande, un certificat indiquant sa qualité et les pouvoirs qui
Lui sont conférés.
2. La qualité et les pouvoirs sont indiqués par le certificat
tenus pour établis, sauf preuve contraire.
(3) Chaque État contractant désigne les autorités habilitées à
établir le certificat.
Article 41
Les données personnelles ou conformément rassemblées transmises
à la Convention ne can être utilisées à d'autres fins que
Celles pour lesquelles elles ont été transmises rassemblées ou.
Article 42
Les autorités auxquelles sont transmises en des information
assurent la confidentialité conformément à la loi de leur État.
Article 43
Les documents ou TRANS délivrés en application de la
Convention sont dispensés de toute légalisation ou de toute
formalité analogue.
Article 44
Chaque État contractant peut
désigner les autorités à qui les demandes prévues aux articles
8, 9 et 33 it être envoyées.
Article 45
1. Les désignations mentionnées aux articles 29 et 44 sont
communiquées au Bureau Permanent de la Conférence de La Haye de
droit international privé.
2. La déclaration mentionnée à l'article 34, paragraphe 2, est
promote your au dépositaire de la Convention.
Article 46
UN État contractant dans des systèmes de droit amend the terms
ou des ensembles de règles en matière appliquent différents s '
de protection de l'enfant et de ses biens n'est pas tenu
d ' appliquer les règles de la Convention aux conflits expired
uniquement ces différents systèmes ou Ensemble de règles.
Article 47
Au regard d'un Etat dans deux ou plusieurs systèmes amend the terms they
droit ou Ensemble de règles ayant trait aux questions régies
par la présente Convention s ' appliquent dans des unités
territoriales différentes:
1. toute (BCR) à la résidence habituelle dans cet Etat vise
La résidence habituelle dans une unité territoriale;
2. toute (BCR) à la présence de l'enfant dans cet Etat vise
la présence de l'enfant dans une unité territoriale;
3. toute (BCR) à la situation des biens de l'enfant dance
CET Etat vise la situation des biens de l'enfant dans une unité
territoriale;
4. toute (BCR) à l ' État dont l'enfant possède la
Nationalité vise l ' unité territoriale désignée par la loi de
CET État ou, l absence de règles pertinentes, l ' unité
territoriale avec laquelle l'enfant présente le lien le plus
étroit;
5. toute (BCR) à l ' État dont une autorité est d'une seizure for
demande en séparation de corps divorce ou des parents de
l'enfant, ou en annulation de leur mariage, vise l ' unité
territoriale dont une autorité telle est d'une demande of the debtor;
6. toute (BCR) à l ' État avec l'enfant présente un amend the terms
Lien étroit vise l ' unité avec laquelle territoriale l'enfant
présente ce lien;
7. toute (BCR) à l ' État où l ' enfant a été retenu ou déplacé
vise l ' unité territoriale dans laquelle l ' enfant a été déplacé
OU retenu;
8. aux organismes ou toute (BCR) autorités de cet
Etat, autres que les Autorités centrales, organismes vise les
habilités à agir OU autorités dans l ' unité territoriale
concernée;
9. toute (BCR) à la loi, à la procédure ou à
l ' autorité de l ' État où une mesure a été prise vise la loi, la
procédure ou l ' autorité de l ' unité territoriale dans laquelle
cette mesure a été prise;
10. toute (BCR) à la loi, à la procédure ou à l ' autorité de
l ' État requise vise la loi, la procédure ou l ' autorité de
l ' unité territoriale dans laquelle la reconnaissance ou
l ' exécution est invoquée.
Article 48
Pour identifier la loi applicable en vertu du chapitre III,
lorsqu ' un Etat comprend deux ou plusieurs unités territoriales
dont chacune a son propre système de droit ou un ensemble de
règles ayant trait aux questions régies par la présente
Convention, les règles suivantes s ' appliquent:
a) a présence de règles en vigueur dans cet Etat identifiant
l ' unité territoriale dont la loi est applicable, la loi de
cette unité s ' applique;
(b)) a l absence de telles règles, la loi de l ' unité
territoriale définie selon les disposition de l'article 47
s ' applique.
Article 49
Pour identifier la loi applicable en vertu du chapitre III,
lorsqu ' un Etat comprend deux ou plusieurs systèmes de droit ou
Ensemble de règles applicables à des différentes catégories de
personnes pour les questions régies par la présente Convention,
appliquent les règles suivantes: s '
a) a présence de règles en vigueur dans cet Etat identifiant
laquelle de ces lois est applicable, cette loi s ' applique;
(b)) a l absence de telles règles, la loi du système ou de
l ensemble de règles avec l'enfant amend the terms présente le lien le
plus étroit s ' applique.
Article 50
La présente Convention n ' affecte pas la Convention du 25
Octobre 1980 sur les aspects civils de l ' enlèvement
International d ' enfants, dans les relations entre les Parties
aux deux Conventions. Rien n ' empêche cependant que des
disposition de la présente Convention pour anything invoquées
obtenir le retour d'un enfant qui a été retenu ou déplacé
illicitement, ou pour organiser le droit de visite.
Article 51
Dans les rapports entre les Etats contractants, la présente
Convention remplace la Convention du 5 octobre 1961 expired
La compétence des autorités et la loi applicable en matière de
protection des mineurs et la Convention pour régler la co-tutorial
des mineurs, signée à La Haye le 12 juin 1902, sans préjudice
de la reconnaissance des mesures prises selon la Convention du
5 octobre 1961 précitée.
Article 52
1. La Convention ne déroge pas aux instruments internationaux
auxquels des Etats contractants sont Parties et qui contiennent
des outline sur les matières réglées par la présente
Convention, à moins qu'elle ne soit une déclaration contraire promote your
par les Etats dependent pair de tels instruments.
2. La Convention n ' affecte pas la possibilité pour un ou
plusieurs Etats contractants de conclure des accord qui
ce qui contiennent, a concerne les enfants habituellement
résidents dans l'un des Etats Parties à de tels accord, des
disposition sur les matières réglées par la présente
Convention.
3. Les accord à conclure par un ou plusieurs Etats
contractants sur des matières réglées par la présente
Convention n ' affectent pas, dans les rapports de ces Etats avec
les autres Etats contractants, l'application des outline
de la présente Convention.
4. Les paragraphes précédents s ' appliquent également aux lois
uniformes reposant sur l ' existence entre les Etats concernés de
Liens spéciaux, régionale ' notamment ' de nature.
Article 53
1. La Convention ne s ' applique aux mesures prises qu '
dans un Etat après l ' entrée en vigueur de la Convention pour
CET Etat.
2. La Convention s ' applique à la reconnaissance et à
l ' exécution des mesures prises après son entrée en vigueur dans
Les rapports entre l ' État où les mesures ont été prises et
l ' État requise.
Article 54
1. Toute communication à l ' Autorité centrale ou à toute autre
Autorité d'un État contractant est adressée dans la langue
originale et accompagnée d'une traduction dans la langue
official ou l'une des langues officielles de cet État ou,
lorsque cette traduction est difficilement réalisable, d'une
traduction en français ou en anglais.
2. Toutefois, un État contractant pourra, en faisant la réserve
Prevue à l'article 60, s ' opposer soit à l ' utilisation du
Français, soit de l'anglais.
Article 55
1. Un État contractant pourra, conformément à
l'article 60:
a) réserver la compétence de ses autorités pour prendre des
Mesures tendant à la protection des biens d'un enfant situés
sur son territoire;
b) see réserver de ne pas reconnaître une responsabilité
"ou une mesure qui serait incompatible avec une mesure
prise par ses autorités par rapport à ces biens.
2. La réserve pourra être restreinte à certaines catégories de
biens.
Article 56
Le Secrétaire général de la Conférence de La Haye de
droit international privé convoque périodiquement une
Commission spéciale d ' le fonctionnement pratique increase its examiner
de la Convention.
CHAPITRE VII
CLAUSES FINALES
Article 57
1. La Convention est ouverte à la signature des Etats
qui étaient Principles de la Conférence de La Haye de droit
international privé lors de sa Dix-huitième session.
2. Elle sera ratifiée, acceptée ou approuvée et les instruments
the ratification, acceptation ou d ' approbation seront déposés
auprès du Ministère des Affaires Etrangères du Royaume des
Pays-Bas, dépositaire de la Convention. Article 58 1. Tout
Autre Etat pourra adhérer à la Convention après son entrée en
vigueur en vertu de l'article 61, paragraphe 1.
2. L ' adhésion auprès d ' sera déposé instruments du dépositaire.
3. L ' adhésion n ' aura d ' effet que dans les rapports entre l'Etat
adhérant et les Etats contractants qui n ' auront pas élevé
d ' objection à son encontre dans les six mois après la réception
de la notification à l'article 63 Prevue, lettre b). Une telle
objection pourra également être élevée par tout État au moment
d'une ratification, acceptation ou approbation de la
Convention, ultérieure à l ' adhésion. CES objections seront
notifiées au dépositaire.
Article 59
1. Un Etat qui comprend deux ou plusieurs unités
territoriales dans lesquelles des différents systèmes de droit
s ' appliquent aux matières régies par la présente Convention
pourra, au moment de la signature, de la ratification, the
l ' acceptation ou approbation, de de l ' adhésion, déclarer que
La Convention s ' appliquera à toutes ses unités territoriales ou
seulement à l'une ou à plusieurs d ' entre elles, et pourra à
tout moment modifier cette déclaration en faisant une nouvelle
Déclaration.
2. Ces déclarations "seront notifiées au dépositaire et
indiqueront expressément les unités territoriales auxquelles la
Convention s ' applique.
3. Si un État ne fait pas de déclaration en vertu du présent
Article, la Convention s ' appliquera à l ' ensemble du territoire
de cet État.
Article 60
1. Tout État contractant pourra, au plus tard au
moments de la ratification, de l ' acceptation, de approbation
ou de l ' adhésion, ou au moment d ' une déclaration promote your a vertu
de l'article 59, faire soit l'une, soit les deux réserves
prévues aux articles 54, paragraphe 2, et 55. Aucune autre
Réserve ne sera admise.
2. Tout État pourra, à tout moment, retirer une réserve qu'il
promote your aura. CE retrait sera notifié au dépositaire. 3. L ' effet
de la réserve cessera le premier jour du mois du French
calendrier après la notification mentionnée au paragraphe
précédent.
Article 61
1. La Convention entrera en vigueur le premier jour du mois
Suivant l ' expiration d'une période de trois mois après le dépôt
You French instrument de ratification, acceptation ou d '
d ' approbation prévu par l'article 57.
2. Par la suite, la Convention entrera en vigueur:
a) pour chaque Etat ratifiant, approuvant ou acceptant.
postérieurement, le premier jour du mois suivant l ' expiration
d'une période de trois mois après le dépôt de son instrument de
ratification, acceptation ou approbation d ' d ' d ' adhésion,;
b) pour chaque Etat adhérant, le premier jour du mois suivant
l ' expiration d'une période de trois mois après l ' expiration you
"Délai de six mois prévu à l'article 58, paragraphe 3;
c) pour les unités territoriales auxquelles la Convention a été
étendue conformément à l'article 59, le premier jour du mois
Suivant l ' expiration d'une période de trois mois après la
notification visée dans cet article.
Article 62
1. Tout État Partie pourra à dénoncer la Convention
Celle-ci par une notification adressée par écrit au
dépositaire. La dénonciation pourra se limiter à certaines
unités territoriales auxquelles s ' applique la Convention.
2. La dénonciation prendra effet le premier jour du mois
Suivant l ' expiration d'une période de douze mois après la date
de réception de la notification par le dépositaire. Lorsqu ' une
Période plus longue pour la prise d ' effet de la dénonciation
EST spécifiée dans la notification, la dénonciation prendra
Effet de la période à l ' expiration a question.
Article 63
Le dépositaire notify aux Etats principles de la
Conférence de La Haye de droit international privé, ainsi
Qu ' aux Etats qui auront adhéré conformément aux outline the
l'article 58:
(a) signatures, ratifications), les acceptations et approbations
visées à l'article 57;
b) les adhésions et les adhésions visées aux objections à
l'article 58;
c la date à laquelle) la Convention entrera en vigueur
conformément aux disposition de l'article 61;
d) les déclarations "mentionnées aux articles 34, paragraphe 2,
et 59;
e) les accord mentionnés à l'article 39;
f) les réserves visées
aux articles 54, paragraphe 2, et 55 et le retrait des réserves
prévu à l'article 60, paragraphe 2;
g) les dénonciations visées à l'article 62.
En foi de quoi, les soussignés, dûment autorisés, ont signé la
présente Convention.
Fait à La Haye, le 19 octobre 1996, a
Français et en anglais, les deux textes faisant également foi,
a un seul exemplaire qui sera déposé, dans les archives du
Gouvernement du Royaume des Pays-Bas et dont une copie
certifiée conforme sera remise, par la voie diplomatique, à
chacun des Etats principles de la Conférence de La Haye de droit
international privé lors de la Dix-huitième session.
CONVENTION ON JURISDICTION, APPLICABLE LAW, RECOGNITION,
ENFORCEMENT AND COOPERATION IN RESPECT OF PARENTAL
RESPONSIBILITY AND MEASURES FOR THE PROTECTION OF CHILDREN
(Concluded 19 October 1996)
The States signatory to the present Convention,
Considering the need to improve the protection of children in
international situation,
Wishing to avoid conflicts between their legal systems in
respect of jurisdiction, applicable law, recognition and
enforcement of measures for the protection of children,
Recalling the importance of international co-operation for the
protection of children,
Confirming that the best interests of the child are to be a
primary consideration,
Noting that the Convention of 5 October 1961 concerning the
powers of authorities and the law applicable in respect of the
protection of minors is in need of revision,
Desiring to establish common provisions to this effect, taking
into account the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the
Child of 20 November 1989,
Have agreed on the following provisions – CHAPTER in the SCOPE OF
THE CONVENTION
Article 1
1. The objects of the present Convention are-
(a)) to determine the State whose authorities have jurisdiction
to take measures directed to the protection of the person or
property of the child;
(b)) to determine which law is to be applied by such authorities
in exercising their jurisdiction;
(c)) to determine the law applicable to parental responsibility;
(d)) to provide for the recognition and enforcement of such
measures of protection in all Contracting States;
e) to establish such cooperation between the authorities of the
Contracting States as may be necessary in order to achieve the
purposes of this Convention.
2. For the purposes of this Convention, the term ' parental
responsibility ' includes parental authority, or any analogous
relationship of authority determining the rights, powers and
responsibilities of parents, guardians or other legal
representatives in relation to the person or the property of
the child.
Article 2
The Convention applies to children from the moment of their
birth until they reach the age of 18 years.
Article 3
The measures referred to in Article 1 may deal in particular
the with-
a) the attribution, exercise, termination or restriction of
parental responsibility, as well as its delegation; b) rights
of custody, including rights relating to the care of the person
of the child and, in particular, the right to determine the
child's place of residence, as well as rights of access
including the right to take a child for a limited period of
time to a place other than the child's habitual residence;
c) guardians hip, curatorship and analogous institutions;
(d)) the designation and functions of any person or body having
charge of the child's person or property, representing or
assisting the child; e) the placement of the child in a foster
family or in institutional care, or the provision of care by
kafala or an analogous institution;
f) the supervision by a public authority of the care of a child
by any person having charge of the child; g) the administration,
conservation or disposal of the child's property.
Article 4
The Convention does not apply to:
(a)) the establishment or contesting of a parent-child
relationship;
b) decisions on adoption, measures preparatory to adoption, or
the annulment or revocation of adoption; c) the name and
forenames of the child;
d) emancipation;
e) maintenance bond;
f) trusts or succession;
g) social security;
h) public measures of a general nature in matters of education
or health;
in) measures taken as a result of penal offences committed by
the children;
j) decisions on the right of asylum and on immigration.
CHAPTER II JURISDICTION
Article 5
1. The judicial or administrative authorities of the
Contracting State of the habitual residence of the child have
jurisdiction to take measures directed to the protection of the
child's person or property.
2. Subject to Article 7, in case of a change of the child's
habitual residence to another Contracting State, the
authorities of the State of the new habitual residence have
jurisdiction.
Article 6
1. For refugee children and children who, due to disturbances
occurring in their country, are internationally displaced, the
authorities of the Contracting State on the territory of which
These children are present as a result of their displacement
have the jurisdiction provided for in paragraph 1 of Article 5.
2. The provisions of the preceding paragraph also apply to
children whose habitual residence cannot be established.
Article 7
1. In case of wrongful removal or retention of the child, the
authorities of the Contracting State in which the child was
habitually resident immediately before the removal or retention
keep their jurisdiction until the child has acquired a habitual
residence in another State, and a) each person, institution or
other body having rights of custody has acquiesced in the
removal or retention; or
(b)) the child has resided in that other State for a period of at
least one year after the person, institution or other body
having rights of custody has or should have had knowledge of
the whereabouts of the child, no request for return lodged
within that period is still pending, and the child is settled
in his or her new environment.
2. The removal or the retention of a child is to be considered
wrongful where-
a) it is in breach of rights of custody attributed to a person,
an institution or any other body, either jointly or alone,
under the law of the State in which the child was habitually
resident immediately before the removal or retention; and
(b)) at the time of removal or retention those rights were
actually exercised, either jointly or alone, or would have been
so exercised but for the removal or retention.
The rights of custody mentioned in subparagraph (a) above, may
arise in particular by operation of law or by reason of a
judicial or administrative decision, or by reason of an
agreement having legal effect under the law of that State.
3. So long as the authorities first mentioned in paragraph 1
keep their jurisdiction, the authorities of the Contracting
State to which the child has been removed or in which he or she
has been retained can take only such urgent measures under the
Article 11 as are necessary for the protection of the person or
property of the child.
Article 8
1. By way of exception, the authority of a Contracting State
having jurisdiction under Article 5 or Article 6, if it
considers that the authority of another Contracting State would
be better placed in the particular case to assess the best
interests of the child, may either
-request that other authority, directly or with the assistance
of the Central Authority of its State, to assume jurisdiction
to take such measures of protection as it considers to be
necessary, or
– suspend consideration of the case and invite the parties to
introduce such a request before the authority of that other
State.
2. The Contracting States whose authorities may be addressed as
provided in the preceding paragraph are: a) a State of which
the child is a national,
(b)) a State in which property of the child is located,
c) a State whose authorities are seised of an application for
divorce or legal separation of the child's parents, or for
annulment of their marriage,
d) a State with which the child has a substantial connection.
3. The authorities concerned may proceed to an exchange of
views.
4. The authority addressed as provided in paragraph 1 may
assume jurisdiction, in place of the authority having
jurisdiction under Article 5 or 6, if it considers that this is
in the child's best interests.
Article 9
1. If the authorities of a Contracting State referred to in
Article 8, paragraph 2, consider that they are better placed in
the particular case to assess the child's best interests, they
may either – request the competent authority of the Contracting
The State of the habitual residence of the child, directly or with
the assistance of the Central Authority of that State, that
they be authorised to exercise jurisdiction to take the
measures of protection which they consider to be necessary,
orinvite the parties to introduce such a request before the
authority of the Contracting State of the habitual residence of
the child.
2. The authorities concerned may proceed to an exchange of
views.
3. The authority initiating the request may exercise
jurisdiction in place of the authority of the Contracting State
of the habitual residence of the child only if the latter
Authority has accepted the request.
Article 10
1. Without prejudice to Articles 5 to 9, the authorities of a
Contracting State exercising jurisdiction to decide upon an
application for divorce or legal separation of the parents of a
the child habitually resident in another Contracting State, or for
annulment of their marriage, may, if the law of their State so
provides, take measures directed to the protection of the
person or property of such child if
a) at the time of commencement of the proceedings, one of his
or her parents habitually resides in that State and one of them
has parental responsibility in relation to the child, and
b) the jurisdiction of these authorities to take such measures
has been accepted by the parents, as well as by any other
person who has parental responsibility in relation to the
child, and is in the best interests of the child.
2. The jurisdiction provided for by paragraph 1 to take
measures for the protection of the child ceases as soon as the
the decision allowing or refusing the application for divorce,
legal separation or annulment of the marriage has become final,
or the proceedings have come to an end for another reason.
Article 11
1. In all cases of urgency, the authorities of any Contracting
State, in whose territory the child or property belonging to
the child is present have jurisdiction to take any necessary
measures of protection.
2. The measures taken under the preceding paragraph with regard
to a child habitually resident in a Contracting State shall
lapse as soon as the authorities which have jurisdiction under
Articles 5 to 10 have taken the measures required by the
situation.
3. The measures taken under paragraph 1 with regard to a child
who is habitually resident in a non-Contracting State shall
lapse in each Contracting State as soon as measures required by
the situation and taken by the authorities of another State are
recognised in the Contracting State in question.
Article 12
1. Subject to Article 7, the authorities of a Contracting State
in whose territory the child or property belonging to the child
is present have jurisdiction to take measures of a provisional
character for the protection of the person or property of the
the child which have a territorial effect limited to the State in
question, in so far as such measures are not incompatible with
measures already taken by authorities which have jurisdiction
under Articles 5 to 10.
2. The measures taken under the preceding paragraph with regard
to a child habitually resident in a Contracting State shall
lapse as soon as the authorities which have jurisdiction under
Articles 5 to 10 have taken a decision in respect of the
measures of protection which may be required by the situation.
3. The measures taken under paragraph 1 with regard to a child
who is habitually resident in a non-Contracting State shall
lapse in the Contracting State where the measures were taken as
soon as measures required by the situation and taken by the
authorities of another State are recognised in the Contracting
State in question.
Article 13
1. The authorities of a Contracting State which have
jurisdiction under Articles 5 to 10 to take measures for the
protection of the person or property of the child must abstain
from exercising this jurisdiction if, at the time of the
commencement of the proceedings, corresponding measures have
been requested from the authorities of another Contracting
State having jurisdiction under Articles 5 to 10 at the time of
the request and are still under consideration.
2. The provisions of the preceding paragraph shall not apply if
the authorities before whom the request for measures was
initially introduced have declined jurisdiction.
Article 14
The measures taken in application of Articles 5 to 10 remain in
force according to their terms, even if a change of
circumstances has eliminated the basis upon which jurisdiction
was founded, so long as the authorities which have jurisdiction
under the Convention have not modified, replaced or terminated "
such measures.
CHAPTER III
APPLICABLE LAW
Article 15
1. In exercising their jurisdiction under the provisions of
Chapter II, the authorities of the Contracting States shall
apply their own law.
2. However, in so far as the protection of the person or the
property of the child requires, they may exceptionally apply or
take into consideration the law of another State with which the
situation has a substantial connection.
3. If the child's habitual residence changes to another
Contracting State, the law of that other State governs, from
the time of the change, the conditions of application of the
measures taken in the State of the former habitual residence.
Article 16
1. The attribution or extinction of parental responsibility by
operation of law, without the intervention of a judicial or
administrative authority, is governed by the law of the State
of the habitual residence of the child.
2. The attribution or extinction of parental responsibility by
an agreement or a unilateral act, without intervention of a
the judicial or administrative authority, is governed by the law of
the State of the child's habitual residence at the time when
the agreement or unilateral act takes effect.
3. Parental responsibility which exists under the law of the
State of the child's habitual residence subsists after a change
of that habitual residence to another State.
4. If the child's habitual residence changes, the attribution
of parental responsibility by operation of law to a person who
does not already have such responsibility is governed by the
law of the State of the new habitual residence.
Article 17
The exercise of parental responsibility is governed by the law
of the State of the child's habitual residence. If the child's
habitual residence changes, it is governed by the law of the
State of the new habitual residence.
Article 18
The parental responsibility referred to in Article 16 may be
terminated, or the conditions of its exercise modified, by
measures taken under this Convention.
Article 19
1. The validity of a transaction entered into between a third
party and another person who would be entitled to act as the
the child's legal representative under the law of the State where
the transaction was concluded cannot be contested, and the
third party cannot be held liable, on the sole ground that the
the other person was not entitled to act as the child's legal
representative under the law designated by the provisions of
This Chapter, unless the third party knew or should have known
that the parental responsibility was governed by the latter
law.
2. The preceding paragraph applies only if the transaction was
entered into between persons present on the territory of the
same State.
Article 20
The provisions of this Chapter apply even if the law designated
by them is the law of a non-Contracting State.
Article 21
1. In this Chapter the term ' law ' means the law in force in a
State other than its choice of law rules.
2. However, if the law applicable according to Article 16 is
that of a non-Contracting State and if the choice of law rules
of that State designate the law of another non-Contracting
State which would apply its own law, the law of the latter
State applies. If that other non-Contracting State would not
apply its own law, the applicable law is that designated by
Article 16.
Article 22
The application of the law designated by the provisions of this
Chapter can be refused only if this application would be
manifestly contrary to public policy, taking into account the
best interests of the child. CHAPTER IV RECOGNITION AND
ENFORCEMENT
Article 23
1. The measures taken by the authorities of a Contracting State
shall be recognised by operation of law in all other
Contracting States.
2. Recognition may however be refused:
a) if the measure was taken by an authority whose jurisdiction
was not based on one of the grounds provided for in Chapter II;
(b)) if the measure was taken, except in a case of urgency, in
the context of a judicial or administrative proceeding, without
the child having been provided the opportunity to be heard, in
violation of fundamental principles of procedure of the
requested State;
c) on the request of any person claiming that the measure
infringes his or her parental responsibility, if such measure
was taken, except in a case of urgency, without such person
having been given an opportunity to be heard;
d) if such recognition is manifestly contrary to public policy
of the requested State, taking into account the best interests
of the child;
e) if the measure is incompatible with a later measure taken in
the non-Contracting State of the habitual residence of the
child, where this later measure fulfils the requirements for
recognition in the requested State;
f) if the procedure provided in Article 33 has not been
complied with.
Article 24
Without prejudice to Article 23, paragraph 1, any interested
person may request from the competent authorities of a
Contracting State that they decide on the recognition or non-
recognition of a measure taken in another Contracting State.
The procedure is governed by the law of the requested State.
Article 25
The authority of the requested State is bound by the findings
of fact on which the authority of the State where the measure
the was taken based its jurisdiction.
Article 26
1. If measures taken in one Contracting State and enforceable
There require enforcement in another Contracting State, they
shall, upon request by an interested party, be declared
enforceable or registered for the purpose of enforcement in
that other State according to the procedure provided in the law
of the latter State.
2. Each Contracting State shall apply to the declaration of
enforceability or registration a simple and rapid procedure.
3. The declaration of enforceability or registration may be
refused only for one of the reasons set out in Article 23,
paragraph 2.
Article 27
Without prejudice to such review as is necessary in the
application of the preceding Articles, there shall be no review
of the merits of the measure taken.
Article 28
Measures taken in one Contracting State and declared
enforceable, or registered for the purpose of enforcement, in
another Contracting State shall be enforced in the latter State
as if they had been taken by the authorities of that State.
Enforcement takes place in accordance with the law of the
requested State to the extent provided by such law, taking into
consideration the best interests of the child.
CHAPTER V CO-OPERATION
Article 29
1. A Contracting State shall designate a Central Authority to
discharge the duties which are imposed by the Convention on
such authorities.
2. Federal States, States with more than one system of law or
States having autonomous territorial units shall be free to
appoint more than one Central Authority and to specify the
the territorial or personal extent of their functions. Where (a)
The State has appointed more than one Central Authority, it shall
designate the Central Authority to which any communication may
be addressed for transmission to the appropriate Central
Authority within that State.
Article 30
1. The Central Authorities shall cooperate with each other and
promote cooperation amongst the competent authorities in their
States to achieve the purposes of the Convention.
2. They shall, in connection with the application of the
Convention, take appropriate steps to provide information as to
the laws of, and services available in, their States relating
to the protection of children.
Article 31
The Central Authority of a Contracting State, either directly
or through public authorities or other bodies, shall take all
appropriate steps to –
a) facilitate the communications and the victims assistance
provided for in Articles 8 and 9 and in this Chapter;
b) facilitate, by mediation, conciliation or similar means,
agreed solutions for the protection of the person or property
of the child in situations to which the Convention applies;
c) provide, on the request of a competent authority of another
Contracting State, assistance in discovering the whereabouts of
a child where it appears that the child may be present and in
need of protection within the territory of the requested State.
Article 32
On a request made with supporting reasons by the Central
Authority or other competent authority of any Contracting State
with which the child has a substantial connection, the Central
Authority of the Contracting State in which the child is
habitually resident and present may, directly or through public
authorities or other bodies,
a) provide a report on the situation of the child;
b) request the competent authority of its State to consider the
need to take measures for the protection of the person or
property of the child.
Article 33
1. If an authority having jurisdiction under Articles 5 to 10
contemplates the placement of the child in a foster family or
institutional care, or the provision of care by kafala or an
analogous institution, and if such placement or such provision
of care is to take place in another Contracting State, it shall
first consult with the Central Authority or other competent
authority of the latter State. To that effect it shall transmit
a report on the child together with the reasons for the
proposed placement or provision of care.
2. The decision on the placement or provision of care may be
made in the requesting State only if the Central Authority or
other competent authority of the requested State has consented
to the placement or provision of care, taking into account the
child's best interests.
Article 34
1. Where a measure of protection is contemplated, the competent
authorities under the Convention, if the situation of the child
so requires, may request any authority of another Contracting
State which has information relevant to the protection of the
the child to communicate such information.
2. A Contracting State may declare that requests under
paragraph 1 shall be communicated to its authorities only
through its Central Authority.
Article 35
1. The competent authorities of a Contracting State may request
the authorities of another Contracting State to assist in the
implementation of measures of protection taken under this
Convention, especially in securing the effective exercise of
rights of access as well as of the right to maintain direct
contacts on a regular basis.
2. The authorities of a Contracting State in which the child
does not habitually reside may, on the request of a parent
residing in that State who is seeking to obtain or to maintain
access to the child, gather information or evidence and may
make a finding on the suitability of that parent to exercise
access and on the conditions under which access is to be
exercised. An authority exercising jurisdiction under Articles
5 to 10 to determine an application concerning access to the
child, shall admit and consider such information, evidence and
finding before reaching its decision.
3. An authority having jurisdiction under Articles 5 to 10 to
decide on access may adjourn a proceeding pending the outcome
of a request made under paragraph 2, in particular, when it is
considering an application to restrict or terminate access
rights granted in the State of the child's former habitual
residence.
4. Nothing in this Article shall prevent an authority having
jurisdiction under Articles 5 to 10 from taking provisional
measures pending the outcome of the request made under the
paragraph 2.
Article 36
In any case where the child is exposed to a serious danger, the
competent authorities of the Contracting State where measures
for the protection of the child have been taken or are under
consideration, if they are informed that the child's residence
has changed to, or that the child is present in another State,
shall inform the authorities of that other State about the
danger involved and the measures taken or under consideration.
Article 37
An authority shall not request or transmit any information
under this Chapter if to do so would, in its opinion, be likely
to place the child's person or property in danger, or
constitute a serious threat to the liberty or life of a member
of the child's family.
Article 38
1. Without prejudice to the possibility of imposing reasonable
charges for the provision of services, Central Authorities and
other public authorities of Contracting States shall bear their
own costs in applying the provisions of this Chapter.
2. Any Contracting State may enter into agreements with one or
more other Contracting States concerning the allocation of
charges.
Article 39
Any Contracting State may enter into agreements with one or
more other Contracting States with a view to improving the
application of this Chapter in their mutual relations. The
States which have concluded such an agreement shall transmit a
copy to the depositary of the Convention.
CHAPTER VI GENERAL PROVISIONS
Article 40
1. The authorities of the Contracting State of the child's
habitual residence, or of the Contracting State where a measure
of protection has been taken, may deliver to the person having
parental responsibility or to the person entrusted with
protection of the child's person or property, at his or her
request, a certificate indicating the capacity in which that
person is entitled to act and the powers conferred upon him or
her.
2. The capacity and powers indicated in the certificate are
presumed to be vested in that person, in the absence of proof
to the contrary.
3. Each Contracting State shall designate the authorities
competent to draw up the certificate.
Article 41
Personal data gathered or transmitted under the Convention
shall be used only for the purposes for which they were
gathered or transmitted.
Article 42
The authorities to whom information is transmitted shall ensure
its confidentiality, in accordance with the law of their State.
Article 43
All documents forwarded or delivered under this Convention
shall be exempt from legalisation or any analogous formality.
Article 44
Each Contracting State may designate the authorities to which
requests under Articles 8, 9 and 33 are to be addressed.
Article 45
1. The designations referred to in Articles 29 and 44 shall be
communicated to the Permanent Bureau of the Hague Conference on
Private International Law.
2. The declaration referred to in Article 34, paragraph 2,
shall be made to the depositary of the Convention. Article 46 (A)
Contracting State in which different systems of law or sets of
rules of law apply to the protection of the child and his or
her property shall not be bound to apply the rules of the
Convention to conflicts solely between such different systems
or sets of rules of law.
Article 47
In relation to a State in which two or more systems of law or
sets of rules of law with regard to any matter dealt with in
This Convention apply in different territorial units-
1. any reference to habitual residence in that State shall be
construed as referring to habitual residence in a territorial
Unit;
2. any reference to the presence of the child in that State
shall be construed as referring to presence in a territorial
Unit;
3. any reference to the location of property of the child in
that State shall be construed as referring to location of
property of the child in a territorial unit;
4. any reference to the State of which the child is a national
shall be construed as referring to the territorial unit
designated by the law of that State or, in the absence of
relevant rules, to the territorial unit with which the child
has the closest connection;
5. any reference to the State whose authorities are seised of
an application for divorce or legal separation of the child's
parents, or for annulment of their marriage, shall be construed
as referring to the territorial unit whose authorities are
seised of such application;
6. any reference to the State with which the child has a
substantial connection shall be construed as referring to the
the territorial unit with which the child has such a connection;
7. any reference to the State to which the child has been
removed or in which he or she has been retained shall be
construed as referring to the relevant territorial unit to
which the child has been removed or in which he or she has been
retained;
8. any reference to bodies or authorities of that State, other
than Central Authorities, shall be construed as referring to
those authorised to act in the relevant territorial unit;
9. any reference to the law or procedure or authority of the
State in which a measure has been taken shall be construed as
referring to the law or procedure or authority of the
the territorial unit in which such measure was taken; 10. any
reference to the law or procedure or authority of the requested
State shall be construed as referring to the law or procedure
or authority of the territorial unit in which recognition or
enforcement is sought.
Article 48
For the purpose of identifying the applicable law under Chapter
III, in relation to a State which beginning two or more
territorial units each of which has its own system of law or
set of rules of law in respect of matters covered by this
Convention, the following rules apply –
a) if there are rules in force in such a State identifying
which territorial unit's law is applicable, the law of that
Unit applies;
b) in the absence of such rules, the law of the relevant
territorial unit as defined in Article 47 applies.
Article 49
For the purpose of identifying the applicable law under Chapter
III, in relation to a State which has two or more systems of
law or sets of rules of law applicable to different categories
of persons in respect of matters covered by this Convention,
the following rules apply –
a) if there are rules in force in such a State identifying
which among such laws applies, that law applies;
b) in the absence of such rules, the law of the system or the
set of rules of law with which the child has the closest
connection applies.
Article 50
This Convention shall not affect the application of the
Convention of 25 October 1980 on the Civil Aspects of
International Child Abduction, as between Parties to both
Conventions. Nothing, however, precludes provisions of this
Convention from being invoked for the purposes of obtaining the
return of a child who has been wrongfully removed or retained
or of organising access rights. Article 51 In relations between
the Contracting States, this Convention replaces the Convention
of 5 October 1961 concerning the powers of authorities and the
the law applicable in respect of the protection of minors, and the
Convention governing the guardians hip of minors, signed at The
Hague 12 June 1902, without prejudice to the recognition of
measures taken under the Convention of 5 October 1961 mentioned
above.
Article 52
1. This Convention does not affect any international instrument
to which Contracting States are Parties and which contains
provisions on matters governed by the Convention, unless a
contrary declaration is made by the States, Parties to such
instruments.
2. This Convention does not affect the possibility for one or
more Contracting States to conclude agreements which contain,
in respect of children habitually resident in any of the States
Parties to such agreements, provisions on matters governed by
This Convention.
3. Agreements to be concluded by one or more Contracting States
on matters within the scope of this Convention do not affect,
in the relationship of such States with other Contracting
States, the application of the provisions of this Convention.
4. The preceding paragraphs also apply to uniform laws based on
special ties of a regional or other nature between the States
concerned.
Article 53
1. The Convention shall apply to measures only if they are
taken in a State after the Convention has entered into force
for that State.
2. The Convention shall apply to the recognition and
enforcement of measures taken after its entry into force as
between the State where the measures have been taken and the
requested State.
Article 54
1. Any communication sent to the Central Authority or to
another authority of a Contracting State shall be in the
the original language, and shall be accompanied by a translation
into the official language or one of the official languages of
the other State or, where that is not feasible, a translation
into French or English.
2. However, a Contracting State may, by making a reservation in
accordance with Article 60, object to the use of either French
or English, but not both.
Article 55
1. A Contracting State may, in accordance with Article 60,
a) reserve the jurisdiction of its authorities to take measures
directed to the protection of property of a child situated on
its territory;
b) reserve the right not to recognise any parental
responsibility or measure in so far as it is incompatible with
any measure taken by its authorities in relation to that
property.
2. The reservation may be restricted to certain categories of
property.
Article 56
The Secretary General of the Hague Conference on Private
International Law shall at regular intervals convoke a Special
Commission in order to review the practical operation of the
Convention.
CHAPTER VII
FINAL CLAUSES
Article 57
1. The Convention shall be open for signature by the States
which were Members of the Hague Conference on Private
International Law at the time of its Eighteenth Session.
2. It shall be ratified, accepted or approved and the
instruments of ratification, acceptance or approval shall be
deposited with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom
of the Netherlands, depositary of the Convention.
Article 58
1. Any other State may accede to the Convention after it has
entered into force in accordance with Article 61, paragraph 1.
2. The instruments of accession shall be deposited with the
depositary.
3. Such accession shall have effect only as regards the
relations between the acceding State and those Contracting
States which have not raised an objection to its accession in
the six months after the receipt of the notification referred
to in sub-paragraph b of Article 63. Such an objection may also
be raised by States at the time when they ratify, accept or
approve the Convention after an accession. Any such objection
shall be notified to the depositary.
Article 59
1. If a State has two or more territorial units in which
different systems of law are applicable in relation to matters
dealt with in this Convention, it may at the time of signature,
ratification, acceptance, approval or accession declare that
the Convention shall extend to all its territorial units or
only to one or more of them and may modify this declaration by
submitting another declaration at any time.
2. Any such declaration shall be notified to the depositary and
shall state expressly the territorial units to which the
Convention applies.
3. If a State makes no declaration under this Article, the
The Convention is to extend to all territorial units of that State.
Article 60
1. Any State may, not later than the time of ratification,
acceptance, approval or accession, or at the time of making a
the Declaration in terms of Article 59, make one or both of the
the reservation provided for in Articles 54, paragraph 2, and 55.
No other reservation shall be permitted.
2. Any State may at any time withdraw a reservation it has
made. The withdrawal shall be notified to the depositary.
3. The reservation shall cease to have effect on the first day
of the third calendar month after the notification referred to
in the preceding paragraph.
Article 61
1. The Convention shall enter into force on the first day of
the month following the expiration of three months after the
deposit of the third instrument of ratification, acceptance or
the approval referred to in Article 57.
2. Thereafter the Convention shall enter into force-
(a) for each State ratifying), accepting or approving it
subsequently, on the first day of the month following the
expiration of three months after the deposit of its instrument
of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession;
b for each State acceding,) on the first day of the month
following the expiration of three months after the expiration
of the period of six months provided in Article 58, paragraph
3;
(c)) for a territorial unit to which the Convention has been
extended in conformity with Article 59, on the first day of the
month following the expiration of three months after the
notification referred to in that Article.
Article 62
1. A State Party to the Convention may denounce it by a
notification in writing addressed to the depositary. The
denunciation may be limited to certain territorial units to
which the Convention applies.
2. The denunciation takes effect on the first day of the month
following the expiration of twelve months after the
notification is received by the depositary. Where a longer
period for the denunciation to take effect is specified in the
notification, the denunciation takes effect upon the expiration
of such longer period.
Article 63
The depositary shall notify the States Members of the Hague
Conference on Private International Law and the States which
have acceded in accordance with Article 58 of the following –
(a) signatures, ratifications,) the acceptances and approvals
referred to in Article 57;
(b)) the objections raised to the accession and the accession referred
to in Article 58;
c) the date on which the Convention enters into force in
accordance with Article 61;
d) the declarations referred to in Articles 34, paragraph 2,
and 59;
e) the agreements referred to in Article 39;
f) the reservations referred to in Articles 54, paragraph 2,
and 55 and the withdrawals referred to in Article 60, paragraph
2;
g) the denunciations referred to in Article 62.
In witness whereof the undersigned, being duly authorised
thereto, have signed this Convention.
Done at The Hague, on the 19th day of October 1996, in the
The English and French languages, both texts being equally
authentic, in a single copy which shall be deposited in the
the archives of the Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands,
and of which a certified copy shall be sent, through diplomatic
channels, to each of the States Members of the Hague Conference
on Private International Law at the date of its Eighteenth
Session.
CONVENTION ON JURISDICTION, APPLICABLE LAW, RECOGNITION,
ENFORCEMENT AND COOPERATION IN RESPECT OF PARENTAL RESPONSIBILITY AND
MEASURES FOR THE PROTECTION OF CHILDREN
(Concluded on 19 October 1996) The States that have signed the
This Convention, taking into account the need to improve the protection of
children in international situations, avoiding
conflicts between their legal systems with regard to jurisdiction,
applicable law, recognition and enforcement in the context of
measures for the protection of children, recalling the importance of the
international cooperation for the protection of children, which confirms
to the best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration,
Noting that the Convention of 5 October 1961 concerning the
the powers of authorities and the law applicable in respect of the protection
for minors need to be revised, who wish to establish
common rules for this purpose, with regard to the
The United Nations Convention on the rights of the child
20 november 1989, has agreed on the following provisions.
CHAPTER I SCOPE OF THE CONVENTION
Article 1
1. the purpose of this Convention are:
(a)) to determine the State whose authorities have jurisdiction to
take action for the protection of the child's person or property.
(b)), to determine which law those authorities shall apply
in the exercise of its jurisdiction. c) to determine which law
applicable to parental responsibility.
(d)) to provide for the recognition and enforcement of such
measures of protection in all Contracting States.
e) to establish such co-operation between the authorities of the
Contracting States are required to achieve this
the Convention objectives.
2. for the purposes of this Convention, the concept of "parental responsibility"
custody or any similar relationship determine parents ',
legal guardians or other legal representatives ' rights,
powers and responsibilities in relation to the child's personal
or property.
Article 2
The Convention applies to children from birth until the
they have reached the age of 18.
Article 3 the measures referred to in article 1, in particular
apply
a) the attribution, exercise, or termination of
parental responsibility as well as delegation of same,
b) custody, including rights relating to
care of the person of a child, and in particular the right to
determine the child's place of residence, as well as access rights, including the right
for a limited time take the child to a place other than
the habitual residence of the child,
c) guardianship, curatorship and analogous institutions;
(d)) the designation and functions of any person or body
who will be responsible for the child's person or property, representing
or assisting the child;
e) placement of the child in a foster family or in institutional care;
or care of a child by kafala or similar
institutions,
f) supervision by a public authority of the care
the child, of a person who has responsibility for the child,
g) Administration, conservation or disposal of the child's
property.
Article 4
This Convention shall not apply to
(a)) the establishment or contestation of parenthood,
b) decisions on adoption, measures preparatory to
adoption, annulment or revocation of adoption;
c) the name and forenames of the child;
d) emancipation,
e) maintenance obligations;
f) trusts or succession;
g) social security,
h) public measures of a general nature for
education and health,
in) measures taken as a result of criminal offences
committed by children,
j) decisions on the right of asylum and immigration.
CHAPTER II JURISDICTION
Article 5
1. the judicial or administrative authorities of the
Contracting State of the child's place of residence shall be competent
to take measures aimed at the protection of the child's personal
or property.
2. subject to article 7, where the child receives a new
domiciled in another Contracting State, the authorities of the
new State of residence have jurisdiction.
Article 6
1. With regard to refugee children and children who, due to
unrest in his country have been driven out of this to
the authorities of the Contracting State in which these children have
the move to have the jurisdiction laid down in article 5(1).
2. the provisions of paragraph 1 shall also apply to children whose
habitual residence cannot be established.
Article 7
1. In case of wrongful removal or retention of a
child, the authorities of the Contracting State where the child
was habitually resident immediately before the removal or retention
retain their jurisdiction until the child has acquired habitual residence in a
other State, and
a) each person, institution or other body having rights of custody
If the child has accepted the removal or retention, or
(b)) the child has resided in that other State for at least one year
After the person, institution or other
bodies with rights of custody has had or should have had
knowledge of the whereabouts of the child, no request for
return lodged within that period is waiting for
crucial, and the child is settled in his new
environment.
2. a child's removal or retention shall
be considered as wrongful if it
(a)) is contrary to the custody of a child entrusted to a person, a
institution or any other body, either jointly or
separately, under the law of the State where the child was habitually resident
immediately before the removal or retention, and
b) this right really was exercised, either jointly or
themselves, at the time when the child was abducted or detained
or would have been so exercised but for the removal or not
the detention had taken place. Custody as referred to in (a), in the first
hand occur directly by operation of law or by a judicial
or administrative decision, or by an agreement
with legal effect under the law of the State.
3. As long as the authorities referred to in paragraph 1 have left their
permission, the authorities of the Contracting State in which the
the child has been or where it has been retained only take
such measures in urgent cases referred to in article 11 which is
necessary for the protection of the child's person or property.
Article 8
1. By way of exception, the authority of a Contracting
State having jurisdiction under article 5 or 6, if it considers that
authority of another Contracting State in the Special
the case is better placed to judge what is in the child's
best, either
– request, directly or with the assistance of the central authority, that
the other authority shall undertake to take
such protective measures as it considers necessary, or
– allow the conduct of the rest and give the parties
opportunity to submit such a request to the authority
in the other State.
2. the Contracting States whose authorities a
representation in accordance with paragraph 1 may be addressed are
(a)) a State in which the child is a citizen,
(b)) a State in which property of the child is located,
c) a State whose Government action is brought about
divorce or legal separation or marriage annulment
marriage between the child's parents,
d) a State to which the child has a substantial connection.
3. The authorities concerned must consult among themselves in
the question.
4. The authority to which a request has been made in
accordance with paragraph 1 may assume jurisdiction, in place of
the authority having jurisdiction under article 5 or 6, if it
requested authority considers that this is in the best interests of the child.
Article 9
1. where the authorities of a Contracting State referred to in
Article 8(2), consider that they are in the specific case is better
placed to judge what is in the best interests of the child, the
either
– request, directly or with the assistance of the central authority, that
the competent authority of the Contracting State in which the
the child's place of residence shall authorize them to exercise jurisdiction for the
to take the measures of protection they consider necessary, or
– give the parties the opportunity to submit such a request
to the authority of the Contracting State where the child has
resident.
2. competent authorities may consult among themselves in
the question.
3. the authority which provided the representation may exercise
jurisdiction in place of the authority of the Contracting
State of the habitual residence of the child only if the latter
the authority has granted the petition.
Article 10
1. without prejudice to articles 5 to 9,
the authorities of a Contracting State in which the application is
busy to trial for divorce or legal separation
or the annulment of a marriage between the parents of a
child who is habitually resident in another Contracting State, if
the law of their State so provides, take measures intended to
protect such child's person or property if
(a)) of the child's parents at the time of the procedure
begins residence in the State and one of them has
parental responsibility for the child, and
(b)) these powers of authorities to take such measures has
accepted by the parents and of any other persons who
parental responsibility for the child, and this is in the child's
the best.
2. The privileges specified in paragraph 1 to take measures for
the protection of the child ceases as soon as the decision to grant
or reject the application for divorce, legal separation or
marriage annulment has become final or the
the procedure has been terminated for any other reason.
Article 11
1. In all cases of urgency, the authorities of each
Contracting State in whose territory the child or property
belonging to the child is present have jurisdiction to take any necessary
protection measures.
2. The measures taken under paragraph 1 with regard to a
child who is habitually resident in a Contracting State shall cease
to apply as soon as the authorities which have jurisdiction under
articles 5 to 10 have taken the measures required by the situation
requires.
3. The measures taken under paragraph 1 with regard to a
child who is habitually resident in a non-Contracting State,
cease to have effect in each Contracting State as soon as they
measures as the situation requires and taken by another
State authorities are recognised in the Contracting State in
issue.
Article 12
1. subject to article 7, the authorities of a
Contracting State in whose territory the child or property
belonging to the child is present have jurisdiction to take provisional
measures for the protection of the child's person or property, with
territorial effect only in the State in question, provided that the measures
are not incompatible with measures already taken by the
authorities which have jurisdiction under articles 5 to 10. 2.
measures taken under paragraph 1 with regard to a child with
a resident of a Contracting State shall lapse as
soon the authorities which have jurisdiction under articles 5 to 10
has taken a decision in respect of the protective measures which the situation
may require.
3. The measures taken under paragraph 1 with regard to a
children resident in a non-Contracting State shall lapse
in force in the Contracting State where measures were adopted,
as soon as the measures as the situation requires and taken by
the authorities of another State are recognised in the Contracting
the State in question.
Article 13
1. the authorities of a Contracting State in accordance with
articles 5, 6 and 10 are competent to take measures for the protection of
the child's person or property shall abstain from exercising his
jurisdiction if, at the time when the proceedings are opened,
corresponding measures have been requested and is still being considered in
the authorities of another Contracting State which, at the
the time of the request is authorized in accordance with articles 5 to 10.
2. paragraph 1 shall not apply if the
authorities to whom the request for measures
originally was directed has renounced jurisdiction.
Article 14
The measures taken pursuant to articles 5 to 10 shall apply
According to their terms, even if the basis for jurisdiction have
by changing conditions, so long as the authorities
jurisdiction under the Convention have not modified, replaced
or repealed measures.
CHAPTER III
APPLICABLE LAW
Article 15
1. The authorities of the Contracting States shall apply
their own law in the exercise of its jurisdiction under the
the provisions of chapter II.
2. The authorities of the Contracting States may
However, in so far as the protection of the child's person or
property requires this, exceptionally apply or take into consideration the law
in a State with which the situation has a substantial
affiliation.
3. If the child gets a new habitual residence in another Contracting
State, the State law from the date of
the change will determine the conditions of application of the measures
taken in the State of the child's former habitual residence.
Article 16
1. The attribution or extinction of parental responsibility directly on
by operation of law, without the intervention of a judicial or
administrative authority shall be determined by the law of the State where the
the child is habitually resident.
2. The attribution or extinction of parental responsibility by an
agreement or a unilateral act, without intervention
by a judicial or administrative authority shall be determined by
the law of the State where the child is habitually resident at the time the
the agreement or unilateral act may
effect.
3. Parental responsibility which exists under the law of the State where the
the child's habitual residence is composed by a change of domicile to the
another State.
4. If the child gets a new habitual residence, the attribution of
parental responsibility directly by operation of law to a person who is not
already have parental responsibility be determined by the new State of residence
team.
Article 17
The exercise of parental responsibility shall be determined by the law of the
State where the child is habitually resident. Where a child's habitual residence changes, the
the exercise of parental responsibility be determined by the new
resident State law.
Article 18
The parental responsibility referred to in article 16 may be suspended or
conditions for the exercise of parental responsibilities may be amended by
measures taken under this Convention.
Article 19
1. The validity of a legal transaction carried out between
third party and another person who under the law of the State where the
This Act is done is empowered to act as the child's
legal representatives must not be attacked, and third parties can not
be held liable on the sole ground that the other person does not
was competent to act as the child's legal representative under
the law specified in this chapter, unless
not the third party knew or ought to have known that
parental authority is regulated in the Act.
2. paragraph 1 shall apply only if the Act is done
between people who were in the same State.
Article 20
The provisions of this chapter shall apply even if the law
as indicated by these provisions is a non-
Contracting State law.
Article 21
1. With the "law" referred to in this chapter, the applicable law of a
State, except for its conflict of law rules.
2. If the law applicable according to article 16 is a non-
Contracting State and if the State's conflict-of-laws rules
designate the law of another non-Contracting State which would
apply its own law, the law of that State shall, however, apply.
If the other non-Contracting State would not apply
their own law, the law designated by article
16.
Article 22
The law designated by the provisions of this chapter shall
be overridden only if the application is manifestly incompatible with the
public policy, taking into account
the best interests of the child.
CHAPTER IV RECOGNITION AND ENFORCEMENT
Article 23
1. the measures taken by a State party
authorities should be recognised directly by operation of law in all
the other Contracting States. 2. recognition may however be refused
a) if the action has been taken by an authority whose competence
was not based on any of the circumstances set out in
Chapter II,
b) if the action in violation of fundamental rules of procedure in
the requested State has been taken within the framework of a judicial
or administrative procedure but that the child has a
opportunity to be heard, unless it is a
urgent cases,
c) If a person requests it and argue that the measure prevents
him or her to exercise his or her parental responsibility, if the action
have been taken without the person in question has been given an opportunity to
comment, unless it is a matter of urgency,
d) if such recognition is manifestly contrary to the
public policy in the State addressed, with
taking into account the best interests of the child;
e) if the measure is incompatible with a later measure
taken in the non-Contracting State where the child has
the resident, if the later measure fulfils the requirements for
recognition in the requested State,
f) if the procedure provided for in article 33 has not been complied with.
Article 24
Without prejudice to article 23(1), any
interested party may request the competent authorities of a
Contracting State decide on the recognition or non-
recognition of a measure taken in another
Contracting State Procedure shall be governed in the requested
State law.
Article 25
Authority of the requested State shall be bound by
the assessment of the facts on which the authority
in the State where the measure was taken based its jurisdiction.
Article 26
1. If measures taken in one Contracting State and is
enforceable in the State require enforcement in another
Contracting State, measures at the request of an interested
party, be declared enforceable or registered for
enforcement in the other Contracting State in accordance
with the procedure laid down in the State law.
2. each Contracting State shall apply a simple and
fast procedure for declaration of enforceability or
the registration.
3. the Declaration of enforceability or registration may
may be refused only on any of the grounds specified in article 23(2).
Article 27
No review as to the substance of the measure adopted may take place,
subject to the review that is necessary to
apply the previous articles.
Article 28
Measures taken in one Contracting State and
declared enforceable or registered for enforcement
in another Contracting State shall be enforced in the latter
State as if they had been taken by the authorities there.
Enforcement shall take place in accordance with the law of the requested State
with the limitations laid down there, and taking account of the
the best interests of the child.
CHAPTER V CO-OPERATION Article 29
1. each Contracting State shall designate a central authority
who will have the task to perform the obligations which the
imposed upon such authorities under this Convention. 2. Federal
States, States with more than one system of law or States having
autonomous territorial units may designate more than one
Central Authority and to specify the territorial or the
personal scope of their powers. If a State has
appointed more than one central authority, it shall specify the
the central authority to which messages may be sent for
forwarding to the competent central authority of that State.
Article 30
1. The Central authorities shall cooperate with each other and promote
cooperation between the competent authorities in their States to
to achieve the objectives of this Convention.
2. The Central authorities shall, in connection with the application of
the Convention shall take appropriate measures to provide
information on the laws and the services available in their
States for the protection of children.
Article 31
The central authority of a Contracting State shall, immediately
or by authorities or other bodies, shall take all appropriate
measures to
a) facilitate communication and provide the support that
provided for in articles 8 and 9 and in this chapter;
b) through mediation, conciliation or similar actions
facilitate consensual solutions to the protection of the child's personal
or property in situations covered by the Convention,
c) at the request of a competent authority in another
Contracting State provide to find out where a child
is, if it can be assumed that the child is present and
need protection on the territory of the requested State.
Article 32
Upon a reasoned request from the central authority or other
competent authority of a Contracting State to which the
the child has a material connection, the central authority of the
Contracting State in which the child is habitually resident and is,
directly or through the authorities or other bodies,
a) report on the situation of the child;
b) request that the competent authority of its State to consider
whether measures need to be taken for the protection of the child's personal
or property.
Article 33
1. If an authority having jurisdiction under articles 5 to 10
consider placing the child in a foster family or in
institution, or provide care by kafala or similar
institution, and if such placement or management should take place in a
another Contracting State, it shall first consult the
Central Authority or other competent authority in this
State. to this end, it shall submit a report on the child
together with the reasons for the proposed placement
or health care.
2. the decision on the placement or if care be taken in the
requesting State only if the central authority or other
the competent authority of the requested State has consented to the
the placement or treatment having regard to the best interests of the child.
Article 34
1. When a safeguard measure is being considered, those under the Convention
competent authorities, if this is necessary with regard to the child's
situation, request any authority of another
a Contracting State which has information which is
relevant for the protection of the child submits such information.
2. A Contracting State may announce that petitions
referred to in paragraph 1 may be submitted to its authorities only through
the central authority.
Article 35
1. the competent authorities of a Contracting State may
request the authorities of another Contracting State
assists with the implementation of protective measures taken under
by this Convention, in particular in ensuring the
effective exercise of the right of access and right to maintain
regular, direct contact.
2. The authorities of a Contracting State in which the child
do not have place of residence may, at the request of a parent residing
in the State and wishing to receive or retain visitation rights with
the child, gather information or evidence and may make a statement
on the question whether it is appropriate to this parent exercises
visitation rights and the conditions under which such access would
able to be exercised. An authority exercising jurisdiction under
articles 5 to 10 in terms of visitation rights with the child shall take into account
such information, documents and statements when taking
his decision.
3. An authority in accordance with articles 5 to 10 have jurisdiction to
decide on access rights may let the matter rest pending
the result of a request in accordance with paragraph 2, especially if
It hears a request for limitation or revocation of the
access rights granted in the State where the child had previously
resident.
4. This article shall not prevent a competent authority
in accordance with articles 5 to 10 shall have the right to adopt interim
measures pending a request referred to in paragraph 2 must be answered.
Article 36
In the event that the child is exposed to a serious danger, the competent
the authorities of the Contracting State where measures for the
protection of the child have been taken or are under consideration – if they get
Notice that the child has changed residence to or
is in another State, shall inform the authorities of the
the State of the danger and of the measures taken or
is being considered.
Article 37
An authority shall not request or transmit information
pursuant to this chapter if, in the opinion of the Agency,
could endanger the child's person or property
or mean that the liberty or life of a member of
the child's family is seriously threatened.
Article 38
1. Without prejudice to the possibility to charge reasonable
fees for services, central authorities and other
authorities in the States parties bear their own costs
for the application of the provisions of this chapter.
2. each Contracting State may conclude agreements with
one or more other Contracting States concerning the allocation
of fees.
Article 39
Each Contracting State may conclude agreements with a
or more other Contracting States to mutually
improve the application of this chapter. States that have
concluded such an agreement shall transmit a copy to the
the Convention's depository.
CHAPTER VI GENERAL PROVISIONS
Article 40
1. The authorities of the Contracting State where the child has
domicile in the Contracting State where a measure of protection
taken may, at the request of the person who has
parental responsibility, or the person who will protect the child's
person or property, for that person, issue a certificate of the
what capacity the person is and what powers
the person has.
2. This person should, if nothing else can be shown, be deemed to be in
the property and have the powers set out in the certificate.
3. each Contracting State shall specify which authorities
is competent to issue the certificate.
Article 41
Personal data gathered or transmitted under the
the Convention shall be used only for the purposes for which the
gathered or transmitted.
Article 42
The authorities to which information submitted shall ensure
because they are confidential in accordance with the law
in this State.
Article 43
No legalisation or other similar formality shall be required
in the case of documents forwarded or delivered under
This Convention.
Article 44
Each Contracting State may designate the authorities to which
requests under articles 8, 9 and 33 are to be made.
Article 45
1. The Hague Conference on private international law permanent
Agency shall be notified of the authorities designated in accordance with
articles 29 and 44.
2. Declarations under article 34(2) shall be addressed to the
the Convention's depository.
Article 46
A Contracting State in respect of the protection of children and
their property has different legal systems or regulations shall not
be bound to apply this Convention to conflicts
solely between such different systems or regulatory framework.
Article 47
In relation to a State which in matters of this Convention has
two or more legal systems or regulatory framework applicable
within different territorial units shall
1. any reference to habitual residence in that State shall refer to habitual residence
in a territorial unit;
2. any reference to children is in this State
concern that children are in a territorial unit;
3. any reference to the property belonging to the child is
in this State, refer to that property belonging to the child is present in a
territorial unit,
4. any reference to the State in which the child is
citizens refer to the territorial unit specified in this
State law or, if the relevant rules, the
territorial unit to which the child has the closest connection;
5. any reference to the State whose authorities the
have submitted an application for divorce or
separation of the child's parents, or for annulment of
their marriage, refer to the territorial unit to which the
authorities that have submitted such an application,
6. any reference to the State to which the child has
material connection refer to the territorial unit to which the
the child has such connection;
7. any reference to the State to which the child is abducted
or in which the child is detained shall refer to the relevant
territorial unit to which the child is abducted or in
the child is detained;
8. any reference to bodies or authorities of that State,
but central authorities, refer to the bodies or agencies that
authorized to take measures within the relevant
territorial unit;
9. any reference to the law or procedure or authority
in the State in which an action has been taken refer to law or
procedure or authority of the territorial unit in
which such action has been taken,
10. any reference to the law of the requested State or
procedure or authority shall refer to the law or procedure or
authority of the territorial unit in which recognition
or enforcement requested.
Article 48
In determining the applicable law under Chapter III,
in relation to a State which comprises two or more territorial
devices, which each have their own system of law or
acquis in the field of this Convention includes,
the following rules apply:
a) If there are rules in force in such a State of
determined which territorial unit law applicable,
the law of that unit applies;
b) if there are no such rules, the law of the
the relevant territorial unit as defined in article 47 shall apply.
Article 49
In determining the applicable law under Chapter III,
in relation to a State which has two or more legal systems or
regulatory framework applicable to different categories of persons
in the field covered by this Convention, the following
rules are applied:
(a)) about it in such a State, the rules as to which of
These laws are applicable, the law applicable.
b) if there are no such rules, the legal system
or the regulatory framework applicable to which the child has the closest
affiliation.
Article 50
This Convention shall not affect the application of
Convention of 25 October 1980 on the civil aspects of
international child abduction in relations between
the parties to both conventions. There is not, however, prevent the
for the provisions of this Convention be invoked
repatriation of a child being abducted or illegally
detained or for organising access rights.
Article 51
In relations between the Contracting States to this
Convention to replace the Convention of 5 October 1961 concerning the
the powers of authorities and the law applicable in respect of the protection
for minors, and the Convention on guardianship of
Minors signed at the Hague 12 June 1902, without
prejudice to the recognition of measures taken under
the above-mentioned Convention of 5 October 1961.
Article 52
1. this Convention does not affect any international
instruments which the Contracting States are parties and
which contains provisions on matters governed by
the Convention, unless a contrary declaration made by the
States parties to such instrument.
2. this Convention does not affect the possibility for one or
more Contracting States to conclude agreements which
contains provisions concerning the matters governed by this
Convention in respect of children habitually resident in any of the
States that are parties to such agreements.
3. Agreements that may be concluded by one or more
Contracting States on matters within the scope of this
the scope of the Convention is without prejudice to the application
the provisions of this Convention in
the relationship between these States and other Contracting
States.
4. The preceding paragraphs shall also apply to
uniform laws based on special ties of
regional or other nature between the States concerned.
Article 53
1. the Convention shall apply to measures only if they
taken in a State after the Convention has entered into force
for the State.
2. the Convention shall apply to the recognition and
enforcement of measures taken after it has
in force between the State where the measures have been taken and
the requested State.
Article 54
1. any communication sent to the central authority or
to another authority of a Contracting State shall be
written in the original language and must be accompanied by a translation
into the official language or one of the official languages
in the other State or, where it is difficult to obtain a
such a translation, a translation into French or
English.
2. A Contracting State may, by reservation in accordance
However, with article 60, object to the use of either
French or English, but not both.
Article 55
1. A Contracting State may, in accordance with article 60
a) reserving its authorities permission to take action
for the protection of property of a child situated on its
territory,
b) reserve the right not to recognize parental responsibility or
an action that runs counter to a measure that its authorities
taken with respect to the property.
2. The reservation may be limited to certain categories of
property.
Article 56
The Secretary General of the Hague Conference on private international
private law shall at regular intervals convene a
Special Commission to review the practical application
of this Convention.
CHAPTER VII
FINAL PROVISIONS
Article 57
1. the Convention shall be open for signature by the States
who were members of the Hague Conference on private international
private law at the time of its eighteenth session.
2. it shall be subject to ratification, acceptance or approval and
instrument of ratification, acceptance or approval
be deposited with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of the Netherlands,
who is the depositary of the Convention.
Article 58
1. any other State may accede to the Convention after the
its entry into force in accordance with article 61(1).
2. The instrument of accession shall be deposited with the depositary.
3. Accession shall take effect only as between the
acceding State and those Contracting States which have not
made any objection to the Association within six months after
the notification under article 63 (b) has been received. States
can make such a complaint even when after a connection
ratifies, accepts or approves the Convention. The depositary
shall be informed of any such objection.
Article 59
1. A Contracting State which consists of two or more
territorial units with different systems of law in matters
governed by this Convention, when signing,
ratification, acceptance, approval or accession
declare that the Convention shall extend to all its units or
only one or several of them, and may at any time change its
Declaration by making a new declaration.
2. the depositary shall be notified of any such explanation and
the Declaration, specifically provided for the territorial
units Convention shall apply.
3. If a State does not make any declaration under this
Article, the Convention shall extend to all its territorial
devices.
Article 60
1. any State may, at the latest upon ratification, acceptance,
approval or accession, or where a statement in accordance
with article 59 released report one or both of the reservations
referred to in article 54(2), and article 55. No other
reservation shall be permitted.
2. Each State may at any time withdraw a reservation which it
have notified. The depositary shall be notified of such
readmission.
3. The reservation shall cease to have effect on the first day of the
the third calendar month after the notification as
referred to in the preceding paragraph has been provided.
Article 61
1. the Convention shall enter into force on the first day of the month
following the expiration of three months after the
the third instrument of ratification, acceptance or approval
referred to in article 57.
2. Thereafter the Convention shall enter into force
(a)) in respect of each State which subsequently ratifies,
accepts or approves it, on the first day of the month
following the expiration of three months after the date of its
instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or
instrument of accession has been deposited,
(b)) in relation to each acceding State, on the first day
in the month following the expiration of three months after the
the end of the period of six months referred to in article
58(3),
(c)) in relation to a territorial unit to which the Convention
has been extended in accordance with article 59, the first
day of the month following the expiration of three months
After the notification referred to in that article.
Article 62
1. A State party to the Convention may denounce it by
a notification in writing addressed to the depositary.
The denunciation may be limited to certain territorial units
which the Convention applies.
2. denunciation shall take effect on the first day of the month
following the expiration of twelve months after the
the depositary has received the notification. When a longer
the period of notice specified in the notification, the denunciation effect
After the expiration of such longer period.
Article 63
The depositary shall notify the States members of the
The Hague Conference on private international law and the States
which have acceded in accordance with article 58 of
(a) signatures, ratifications) the, recognition and
authorisations referred to in article 57;
(b)) the connections and the objections made against
accessions referred to in article 58,
(c)) date of the entry into force of the Convention in accordance with article 61,
d) the declarations referred to in article 34(2) and article 59,
e) the agreements referred to in article 39,
f) the reservations referred to in article 54(2), and article 55
and the withdrawals referred to in article 60(2),
g) the denunciations referred to in article 62.
In witness whereof the undersigned, being
duly authorised, have signed this Convention.
Done at the Hague on 19 October 1996, in English and French
languages, both texts being equally authentic, in a single
copies to be deposited in the Kingdom of the Netherlands
Government archive, and of which a certified copy of the
diplomatic means shall be provided to each Member State of the
The Hague Conference on private international law at the time
for its eighteenth session.
