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Order Of 11 June 1984 Laying Down The Technical Specifications On The Approval Of Agricultural Tractors As Regards The Braking Pass.

Original Language Title: Orden de 11 de junio de 1984 por la que se aprueban las especificaciones técnicas sobre homologación de tractores agrícolas de ruedas en lo que se refiere al frenado.

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TEXT

By Order of the Ministry of Industry of 14 December 1974, the Regulation on the approval of vehicles in respect of braking was approved. The exclusion of the field of application of the same agricultural tractors is determined in point 1.2.3 of that Regulation.

Moreover, by Royal Decree 1467/1981 of 8 May, amending various Articles of the Circulation Code, and Annexes 1, 2 and 5, a new paragraph VII is added to Article 215 of the Code, under which it is establishes that the Ministries of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food and the Ministry of Industry and Energy will determine the technical conditions to be met by the braking devices of the various classes of agricultural special vehicles, as well as the tests to be carried out for the purposes of type-approval in respect of braking.

In its virtue, on the proposal of the Ministers of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food and Industry and Energy,

This Government Presidency has:

First.-The technical specifications for the approval of wheeled agricultural tractors are approved as regards the braking system, which are set out in the Annex to this Order.

Second. This Order shall enter into force six months after its publication in the Official Journal of the State.

Madrid, June 11, 1984. -OSSO DEL PRADO Y MUNOZ.

ANNEX TO CITE

Technical specifications for the approval of wheeled agricultural tractors with regard to braking systems

1. Field of application.

1.1 The present technical specifications apply to the braking of wheeled agricultural tractors as defined in the Circulation Code.

2. Definitions.

For the purposes of these technical specifications, the following definitions apply:

2.1

: The approval of a type of agricultural tractor in respect of braking.

2.2 : Tractors that do not exhibit essential differences in relation to the following characteristics:

2.2.1 Empty weight: Defined in section 2.4

2.2.2 Maximum weight: Defined in paragraph 2.5.1.

2.2.3 Weight delivery between the axes.

2.2.4 Maximum technically permissible axle load.

2.2.5 Maximum speed by construction.

2.2.6 Other braking devices, in particular the presence or not of braking equipment for towing.

2.2.7 Number and layout of the brakes.

2.2.8 Measures of axle (or axle) tyres braking (braking).

2.2.9 Engine Model.

2.2.10 Total transmission of the transmission corresponding to the maximum speed.

2.3

: The tractor in running order, with full tanks and radiator, with a driver of 75 kilograms of weight, with no companions or occasional accessories or cargo.

2.4

: The weight of the

.

2.5 : Except for particular indications, the tractor loaded so that it reaches its > maximum weight >.

2.5.1

: The technically permissible maximum weight declared by the manufacturer. The maximum authorized weight may be less than this weight.

2.5.2 : The technically permissible maximum load on each axle declared by the manufacturer, The load per authorized axle may be less than this load. The sum of the axle loads can be greater than the .

2.6 : The set of organs that have the function of progressively decreasing or nullifying the speed of a tractor in motion, or keeping it immobilized if it is already stopped. The device consists of the control, the transmission and the brake itself and, possibly of an additional device on the tractor for the supply of energy and the control of the trailer braking device.

2.7 : The piece directly driven by the driver to provide the braking device transmission with the energy required to operate the brakes or to control such energy. This energy can be, the muscular energy of the driver, another source of energy controlled by the driver or a combination of both.

2.8 : The set of elements between the control and the brake, which binds them in a functional way. The transmission can be mechanical, hydraulic, electric pneumatic or mixed.

When braking is performed with the assistance of an energy source independent of the driver, but controlled by the driver, the energy reserve attached to the device is also part of the transmission.

2.9 : The organ in which forces are developed that oppose the movement of the tractor. The brake can be of friction (when the forces are produced by friction between two parts in relative motion, belonging both to the tractor) electric (when the forces are produced by electromagnetic action between two elements in relative motion-which are not touched-belonging both to the tractor); of fluid (when the forces are developed by the action of a fluid that is between two relative moving elements, belonging both to the tractor); of motor (when the forces come from an artificial increase of the braking action of the motor, which is transmitted to the wheels).

2.10 : Device whose function is to decrease the speed of the moving tractor and to make it immobile.

2.11 : Set of elements by which the tractor can be kept stationary, even on a slope and in the absence of the driver.

A parking brake is also considered to be a device that mechanically blocks the transmission system of the tractor but cannot be used when the tractor is in motion.

2.12 : Maximum design speed, specified by the manufacturer, or maximum tractor advance speed, with the highest ratio of the gearbox, measured in test track, or calculated according to the standard UNE 68043.

2.13 : Total force applied by the driver in the control of the braking device, measured at the point of application of the force, on the straight line connecting the point with the hip joint of the driver for pedal-operated controls, or on the straight line that attaches the hand with the arm joint and the shoulder blade, in the case of manual actuation.

2.14 : Length covered by a tractor between the point at which the first movement of the control of the braking device is carried out and the point on which the tractor is stationary.

2.15

: Average deceleration calculated based on the initial speed and the braking distance, according to the formula:

Formula omitted.

2.16 : One of the isolated components whose assembly forms the braking device.

2.17 : Maniwork of braking during which, in the normal operating conditions of the braking device, both while tightening and when the brakes are loosened:

The driver can, at all times, increase or decrease the braking force acting on the control.

The braking force varies proportionally and in the same direction as the action on the control (monotonous function).

-It is possible to easily proceed to a sufficiently fine regulation of the braking force.

3. Application for approval:

3.1 The request for approval of a type of tractor in respect of braking shall be made in accordance with the provisions of the Order of the Ministry of Industry and Energy of 25 January 1982 governing the procedure of application for type-approval for vehicles, parts and parts.

3.2 The request, in addition to the documents referred to in Article 4. of the Ministerial Order of 25 January 1982, shall be accompanied by the following, in a format A-4 or folded to this same format.

3.2.1 Description of the type of tractor as regards the points referred to in paragraph 2.2.

3.2.2 The relation of the elements, duly identified, that constitute the braking device.

3.2.3 Outline of the braking device assembly and indication of the position of its elements in the tractor.

3.3 The manufacturer or his official representative shall submit to the accredited laboratory a representative tractor of the type to be approved and a copy of the documentation referred to in paragraphs 3.2.1 to 3.2.3 above.

The tractor must be prepared by the manufacturer to enable it to be simulated and to check all the failure cases provided for in these technical specifications.

3.4 The laboratory of the Agricultural Mechanics Station of the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food is considered to be equipped with the tests provided for in this provision. The cooperation of the latter will be regulated by a specific agreement between the Ministry of Industry and Energy and the expressed ministerial department.

It will also be equivalent to the laboratories which can be accredited in their day for the tests provided for in these technical specifications, as provided for in Royal Decree 2534/1981 of 18 September on actions of the Ministry of Industry and Energy in the field of standardization and approval, the Laboratory of the National Institute of Aerospace Technology (INTA).

4. Approval.

4.1 If approval is granted, the resolution shall assign an approval password, consisting of the letters FRT, and a correlative number starting at 0001.

4.2 The approval password must be fixed on all tractors of the series in a legible and indelible form and easily accessible, if possible in the vicinity of the manufacturer's plate or on the same plate.

5. Modifications of the tractor type with regard to the braking device.

5.1 Any modification of the tractor type with regard to the braking device proposed by the manufacturer shall be brought to the attention of the competent Centre for Industrial Safety, following the procedure laid down in Article 3. of the Order of the Ministry of Industry and Energy of 25 January 1982.

That Steering Center can:

5.1.1 Consider that the proposed modifications do not have a noticeable unfavorable influence and that, in any case, the tractor still complies with the requirements, or

5.1.2 Require new tests in accredited laboratory, assigning, if appropriate, a new approval password.

6. Conformity of production.

6.1. Any tractor which has an approval mark in application of these technical specifications must conform to the type approved, be fitted with the braking device with which it has been approved and comply with the requirements of the requirements of paragraph 7 of these technical specifications.

6.2. To check whether the vehicles in the series correspond to the type approved, the provisions of Article 7 shall be met. of the Order of the Ministry of Industry and Energy of 25 January 1982.

8.3 Without prejudice to any other sanction which may be in breach of the provisions of the Circulation Code and additional provisions, the approval granted may be withdrawn if the tractor taken from the series does not exceed the tests and checks referred to in paragraph 6.2 above, or does not meet the requirements of paragraph 7 of these technical specifications

7. Construction and assembly requirements.

7.1 Generalities.

7.1.1 Braking devices.

7.1.1.1 The braking device defined in paragraph 2.6 must be designed, constructed and assembled in such a way that, under normal conditions of use and in spite of the vibrations to which it may be subjected, the tractor may comply with the requirements of these technical specifications.

7.1.1.2 In particular, the braking device must be designed, constructed and assembled in such a way that it resists the corrosion and ageing phenomena to which it is exposed, which could cause a sudden loss of braking efficiency.

7.1.2 Braking device functions. The braking device defined in paragraph 2.6 must perform the following functions:

7.1.2.1 Service Frening.

Service braking must enable the movement of the tractor to be controlled and to be safely, quickly and effectively stopped at speeds admitted by construction with the maximum authorised weight and on either ascending or descending slope. Your action must be moderable. These conditions are met if the requirements of paragraphs 8 and 9 of these technical specifications are complied with. When the service braking device is made up of a right-hand control device and a left-hand control device, these two controls may be separated, but they must be able to provide solidarity in such a way that they can be actuated together. In addition, both control devices must have a system of regulation, manual or automatic, which allows the brake balancing system to be easily regulated.

The driver must be able to obtain this braking from his seat by keeping the steering wheel control at least with one hand.

7.1.2.2 Parking Brake.

The parking brake must allow the stationary tractor to be kept on an ascending or descending slope, even in the absence of the driver, then the active elements in the braking position are maintained by means of of a purely mechanical action device. The driver must be able to obtain this braking from his seat, admitting that the prescribed braking performance can be obtained by several successive manoeuvres of the control.

7.2 features of braking devices.

7.2.1 The set of braking devices with which the tractor is equipped must meet the conditions required for service braking and parking.

7.2.2 Service and parking braking devices may have common parts provided that they meet the following requirements:

7.2.2.1 There must be two controls, at least independent of each other, easily accessible to the driver from his seat.

7.2.2.2 In case of breakage of any elements of the braking device other than the same brakes (see 2.9) or any other failure of the service braking device (malfunction, partial or total exhaustion of the braking system) an energy reserve) it must be possible to progressively brake the tractor until it is stopped with a deceleration, at least equal to 50 per 100 of the value prescribed in paragraph 9 of these technical specifications.

For the application of this paragraph, placaleva or similar assemblies, by which the brakes are directly actuated, are considered not to be susceptible to breakage.

7.2.3 When using energy other than the driver's muscle, the energy source (hydraulic pump, air compressor, etc.) may be unique if the requirements of paragraph 7.2.2.2 are met.

7.2.4 The service brake device must act, at least, on the wheels of an axle.

7.2.5 In the symmetrical tractors, the braking action of the service braking device must be divided between the wheels of the same axle, in a symmetrical manner in relation to the median longitudinal plane of the tractor.

7.2.6 The service braking device and the parking braking device must act on braking surfaces fixed to the wheels permanently by means of sufficiently robust parts. No braking surface should be able to be disengaged from the wheels.

When braking is carried out on a single axle, the differential must not be between the service brake and the wheel; when the braking is carried out on two axles, the differential may be between the service brake and the wheels of one of the two axles.

7.2.7 The wear and tear of the brakes should be easily compensated by a manual or automatic regulation system. In addition, the control and the elements of the transmission and of the brakes must have a travel reservation such that, after a certain wear of the linings, the braking performance is ensured without the need for an immediate adjustment.

7.2.8 In the hydraulic transmission braking devices, the filling holes in the liquid tanks must be easily accessible; in addition, the containers holding the liquid reserve must be designed and constructed in such a way as to allow easy control of the level of the reserve.

7.2.9 Any tractor fitted with a pneumatic service braking device actuated from an energy accumulator must be fitted-in the case that braking with the prescribed efficiency is possible without the intervention of the accumulated energy-of an alarm, optical or acoustic device, in addition to the pressure gauge, if any, which comes into action when the energy accumulated in any part of the device before the distributor is reduced to an equal value or less than 65 per 100 of its nominal value. This device must be connected directly and permanently to the circuit.

7.2.10 Subject to the conditions imposed in paragraph 7.1.2.1 above, where the intervention of an auxiliary energy source is essential for the operation of a braking device, the energy reserve must be such that, in case the engine stops, sufficient braking efficiency to stop the tractor is subsisting.

7.2.11 Auxiliary services cannot take their energy more than under such conditions that their operation cannot contribute, even in the event of a failure of the energy source, to the reduction of the energy reserves that feed the braking devices, below 65 per 100 of their nominal value.

7.3 Testing and effectiveness of braking devices.

Wheeled agricultural tractors, in order to obtain the type-approval in respect of braking, in accordance with these technical specifications, shall comply with paragraphs 8 and 9 thereof.

8. Braking tests.

8.1 Generalities.

8.1.1 The efficiency of the service braking device is based on the average deceleration calculated from the braking distance.

The effectiveness of the parking braking device is based on the ability to keep the tractor stationary on an up or down slope.

8.1.2 The braking performance shall be measured in track tests, other procedures being supported if their equivalence is demonstrated. These tests must be carried out under the following conditions:

8.1.2.1 The tractor must be in the weight conditions indicated for each type of test. These conditions should be indicated in the test report.

8.1.2.2 During the tests, the force exerted on the control to obtain the prescribed efficacy must not pass from the maximum value established.

8.1.2.3 The test track must have a dry, clean, asphalted surface or equivalent surface offering good adhesion.

8.1.2.4 The surface of the test track must be horizontal, with a maximum longitudinal slope of 1 per 100, as well as a maximum transverse slope of 3 per 100.

8.1.2.5 The tests must be carried out when the wind speed is less than 10 m /s.

8.1.2.6 The ambient temperature should be between + 5 and + 35 C, and should be reported in the report.

8.1.2.7 The braking axis (s) must be equipped with the tyres of the largest diameter recommended by the tractor manufacturer. The tyres must be cold at the start of the test and shall be inflated to the pressure (s) indicated by the tractor manufacturer for the mass of each test.

8.1.2.8 The prescribed efficiency must be obtained without wheel lock, without the tractor changing its trajectory and without abnormal vibrations.

8.1.2.9 The claws of the brake tread of the braking wheels shall not be worn more than 45 per 100 of their height when new.

8.1.2.10 In the case of a tractor authorised to engage trailers, the tractor must be fitted with the elements provided by the manufacturer for the operation of the braking device of the towed vehicle, if the latter affects the braking performance of the towing vehicle.

8.1.3 The accuracy of the measurements made in the tests shall be:

* Precision-percent *

Shift speed * 3 *

tractor weight * 3 *

Deceleration * 3 *

braking distance * 1 *

Command force for braking * 5 *

Tire Inflation Pressure * 5 *

Liquid pressure (or gas) of the braking system * 5 *

8.2 Test of service brakes.

Two types of tests will be performed in the following order:

a) Cold-efficiency test-type 0.

b) Effectiveness loss assay-type 1.

8.2.1 Cold-efficiency test-type 0.

8.2.1.1 Generalities.

8.2.1.1.1 Brakes must be cool when starting the test. A brake is considered to be cold if one of the following conditions is met:

-That the temperature, measured on the disc or on the outer surface of the drum, is less than 100 C.

-In the case of completely closed brakes, even on the oil bath brakes, the temperature measured outside the crankcase is less than 50 C.

-That the brakes have not been used for at least one hour prior to the test.

8.2.1.1.2 During the test, the non-braking axes that can be disengaged should not be coupled to the braking axes.

8.2.1.1.3 During braking, the brakes must not be manually regulated.

8.2.1.2 Test Conditions.

In-test the following conditions must be performed:

8.2.1.2.1 With the and the non-braking axis with its .

For tractors with brake on all wheels, the front axle must support its .

8.2.1.2.2 The test must be repeated with the

and, eventually, carrying on board a person responsible for recording the results of the test.

8.2.1.2.3 The prescribed limits for efficiency, both in the load tests and in the vacuum tests, are those set out in paragraph 9 of these technical specifications.

8.2.1.3 Operating Method.

8.2.1.3.1 With the tractor as shown in 8.2.1.2.1, rolling at the maximum construction speed:

Disengage the engine.

Immediately apply a constant force to the control of the braking device until the tractor stops. The braking distance is measured in the brake acting time interval.

Calculate the average deceleration according to the formula indicated in 2.15.

8.2.1.3.2 The actual test speed must be the maximum speed indicated by the manufacturer, with a tolerance of 10 per 100.

8.2.2 Efficacy loss test. Type 1.

8.2.2.1 Operating Method.

With the tractor as shown in 8.2.1.2.1 and with the engine disengaged, heat the service brakes by operating the tractor at a distance of one kilometre on a downward slope of 10 per 100, so that the absorbed energy is equal to that which occurs at the same time with the tractor in charge, braking at a constant speed equal to 80 5 per 100 of the speed specified for in type 0 test.

This heating of the brakes can also be achieved by towing the tractor one kilometer to 80 5 per 100 of the specified speed for the Type 0 test, with the engine disengaged and actuating the service brake so that the towing force is equal to 10 per 100 of the weight of the tractor loaded.

Any other mechanical brake heating system with which similar temperatures are reached may be used.

Immediately, in a time interval not greater than three minutes, repeat the Type 0 test with the tractor in charge, measuring the braking distance.

8.3 Testing of parking brakes.

8.3.1 Test Conditions.

8.3.1.1 The test is carried out with the tractor on a slope, ascending or descending, of 18 per 100.

8.3.1.2 In case of tractor authorised to engage trailers, in addition another test is carried out on an ascending or descending slope of 12 per 100, of a set consisting of an empty tractor and a two-axle trailer, not braking, of the same weight. For tractors of more than three tonnes in a vacuum, the weight of the trailer used in the test shall be three tonnes.

8.3.2 Operating Method.

8.3.2.1 With the tractor arranged as indicated in 8.3.1 measure the force required to be applied in the control of the parking brake device so that the brakes are able to keep the tractor fixed.

If it is necessary to actuate the command several times to keep the tractor fixed, note the maximum force applied.

Repeat the operation with the tractor placed on the slope in the opposite direction.

8.3.2.2 If no track with the specified slope is available, the test can be carried out on a horizontal surface, as defined in 8.1.2.4, with force equivalent to the applied gravitation of constant and continuous, in each of the two directions of the tractor.

9. Efficiency of the braking devices.

Wheeled agricultural tractors must comply with the following requirements for the following braking devices:

9.1 Service braking device.

9.1.1 Effectiveness. Type 0 test.

Under the conditions prescribed for the Type-0 test, the service brakes must ensure at least a mean deceleration of 2,4 m/s2 for tractors up to 30 Km/h of maximum design speed and 3,2 m/s2 for those of more than 30 Km/h, determined from the braking distance, calculated using the formula set out in 2.15.

This efficiency must be obtained by exercising on the brake pedal a force not exceeding 600 N, and of 400 N if it is lever.

9.1.2 Loss of effectiveness. Type 1 test.

In the Type 1 test, the service brakes must ensure a residual efficiency not less than 75 per 100 of the prescribed, nor 60 per 100 of the value obtained in the Type 0 test.

9.2 Parking braking device.

9.2.1 Efficacy.

In the conditions prescribed in paragraph 8.3.1 above, the parking braking device must be able to keep the tractor stationary on the control of the parking braking device a force not more than 600 N if it is pedal and 400 N if it is a lever.