The system of compliance and verification of the conditions required for access to the occupation of a carrier established by Directive 96 /26/EC of 29 April 1996 was already basically covered by the law. In the first section of Chapter 1 of Title II of Law 16/1987 of 30 July 1987 on the Management of Land Transport (hereinafter the LOT), and in the first chapter of Title II of its Rules of Procedure, approved by the Royal Decree 1211/1990, of 28 September.

This scheme was developed by the Order of the Ministry of Public Works and Transport of 7 October 1992.

In this Order, it was necessary to obtain certificates of professional training for the overcoming of examinations whose degree of difficulty can be considered elementary.

If we add that the LOT, as well as the Order of 7 October 1992 itself, established a series of transitional rules according to which the training was recognized for those businessmen who were legally operating In the sector prior to its entry into force, it must be concluded that all persons, either because they were already operating in the transport market or because they intended to start their activity in the transport market, really needed either obtain the certificate of professional training, or have obtained it by legal recognition or have had occasions left over to obtain it by passing a simple test.

However, it must be borne in mind that the legislation governing access to the transport market is progressively abandoning any quantitative restrictions, in order to focus solely on the qualification of the undertakings.

In line with this, it is of the utmost importance to raise, within reasonable terms, and in the area covered by the said Directive 96/26, the level of demand for obtaining training certificates at the end of the year. ensure a progressive occupation of the management positions of the companies in the sector by people who are sufficiently qualified to manage them effectively in a much more competitive market, especially if one takes into account that the lower the Degree of administrative intervention in the market, the better the functioning of the market will depend of the capacity of each entrepreneur to manage their own company efficiently.

Consequently, the structure of the exercises for obtaining the training certificate in its different modalities is modified, raising its level of demand, including the written resolution of a certain the number of practical cases, and the application of the transitional system for the granting of certificates to persons who, in one form or another, carried out at the time international transport without being the same holders, is to be terminated. of the relevant authorisation or managerial staff of the undertaking holding it, established by the Order of 7 October 1992.

In its virtue, in use of the authorization granted by the 11th additional provision of the Regulations of the Law of Land Transports, and after report of the National Committee of the Road Transport, I have:

CHAPTER I

From professional training certificates

and your expedition

Article 1. Certificate classes.

According to the provisions of Article 34 of the Regulation of the Law on the Management of Land Transport (hereinafter the ROTT), approved by Royal Decree 1211/1990 of 28 September 1990, compliance with the requirement Professional training will be recognized to the people in favor of whom the Administration issues the corresponding certificate.

For this purpose, and without prejudice to the provisions of the first transitional provision, the following forms of professional training certificate are laid down:

For the exercise of the activity of domestic and international freight.

For the exercise of domestic and international passenger transport activity.

For the exercise of the activities of freight agency, freight forwarder and storage-distributor.

Article 2. Competition for your expedition.

Professional training certificates shall be issued by the Ministry of Public Works or the Autonomous Communities which are competent by virtue of the powers delegated by the Organic Law 5/1987, of 30 July, to the persons referred to in Article 34.1 of the ROTT and this Order. Those persons shall be entered in the corresponding paragraph of the General Register of Carriers and of Companies of Auxiliary and Complementary Activities of Transport in the terms referred to in Article 50 (1) of the ROTT, to which end The Autonomous Communities shall send a list of those who issue to the Directorate-General for Railways and Transport by way of the Road, stating the data to be determined.

Article 3. Official model of certificate.

Certificates issued in accordance with this Chapter shall conform to the official model which is included as Annex A to this Order.

CHAPTER II

From the tests for obtaining the certificate

professional training in their different modes

Article 4. Official programme of the tests.

The evidence for obtaining the professional training certificate will cover the content of the official programme which is included as Annex B to this Order.

Article 5. Frequency of testing.

The Autonomous Communities which, by virtue of the powers delegated to the Organic Law 5/1987 of 30 July, have the competence to carry out tests to obtain the certificate of professional training in the various procedures laid down in Article 1, or, where appropriate, the Directorate-General for Railways and Road Transport, shall carry out the call for such tests at least once a year, with the corresponding examinations in the second quarter of the same.

When some Autonomous Community, due to the special circumstances in which it is concurrent, manifests the desirability of not carrying out the corresponding convocation, the Directorate General of Railways and Transport by Road of the Ministry of Public Works may convene and carry out the tests directly or authorize the residents of the Autonomous Community concerned to attend the tests convened by another Community.

Article 6. Call for evidence.

The call for evidence, to be published in the Official Gazette, must be at least one month in advance of the first financial year, opening a registration period of not less than 15 years. days.

Article 7. Designation of Courts.

If the convocation is not to be determined, the convening body must, after the same, designate the Tribunal or Tribunals of the tests and indicate the date, time and place of the performance of the exercises, also to be published in the Official Gazette at least 10 days in advance of the first financial year.

Article 8. Composition of the Courts.

The Courts of the Evidence will be made up of five members: The President, three vowels and the Secretary, who will act with voice and vote, being able to appoint alternate members of the former. When the tests are not organized by the Directorate General of Railways and Road Transport of the Ministry of Public Works, the Management Center may propose the appointment of one of the members.

At least the President and two other members of the Court must be appointed among public officials who hold higher qualifications and are specialized in the matters on which the evidence is based.

Article 9. Right to contest the evidence.

Applicants may only contest the evidence which is made and carried out by the competent bodies in the territory in which their registered office is situated, unless the circumstances referred to in the second subparagraph are provided for. Article 5 or obtain the authorization of the convening body in a different territory for duly justified reasons. The convening body may, where appropriate, establish several courts to act in different places and to determine rules for the membership of applicants.

When the tests are called by the Directorate General of Railways and Road Transport of the Ministry of Public Works, the call must express the constituency or constituencies to which it is referred.

Article 10. Content of the tests relating to the transport of passengers and goods.

1. Applicants for the purpose of obtaining the certificate of professional training for the pursuit of the internal and international transport activities of goods or of internal and international passenger transport must exceed the following two exercises:

First exercise.-It shall be common for applicants who opt for any of the two forms of certificate referred to in this Article and shall deal with the content of the materials included in Group I of the Programme.

Second financial year. It shall be differentiated for applicants who opt for each of the two forms of certificate referred to in this Article and shall deal with the content of the subjects included in Groups II or III. of the programme, in the case of the transport of goods or passengers, respectively.

2. Persons who have already recognised professional training for the exercise of one of the two activities referred to in the previous paragraph and who wish to obtain the certificate corresponding to the other one, shall only exceed the second exercise relative to this mode.

Article 11. Content of the tests relating to the ancillary and complementary activities of the transport.

The applicants for obtaining the certificate of professional training for the exercise of the activities of the agency of transport of goods, of transit and of storage-distributor must carry out a single exercise that shall deal with the content of the subjects included in Group IV of the Programme.

Article 12. Structure of the exercises.

1. Each of the exercises referred to in Articles 10 and 11 shall consist of two parts:

The first part will consist of answering 100 test questions with four alternative answers, on the content of the subjects to which the exercise in question is concerned.

The second part will be to solve, by developing the appropriate mathematical calculations or the corresponding written explanation, six practical assumptions that require the application of the referred content to a case concrete.

2. The maximum time available for applicants to carry out each of the parts of each financial year shall be two hours.

3. The Directorate-General for Rail and Road Transport may amend the structure and duration of the exercises provided for in the preceding paragraphs, in the light of experience provided by the results obtained in its implementation, the aim of ensuring the greatest possible effectiveness in the verification of the knowledge required.

Article 13. Rating of the exercises.

1. All the exercises provided for in this chapter will be rated from 0 to 10 points.

The rating of each exercise will be performed according to the following valuation rules:

In the first part of each exercise, the correct and wrongly answered test-type questions will be valued at 0.04 and -0.04 points each, respectively. Questions that are not answered or that contain more than one answer will not score, positively or negatively.

In the second part of each exercise, the answer to each practical assumption will be valued between 0 and 1 point.

2. Only those applicants who obtained a score of not less than 2,4 in the first part and 3.6 in the second year shall approve a given exercise, provided that the sum of the scores obtained on both sides is equal to or greater than 7.

In order to obtain the training certificate referred to in Article 10, it is necessary that the applicants have approved the two exercises which they establish in accordance with the above.

3. By way of derogation from the above paragraphs, where, in accordance with Article 12.3, the Directorate-General for Rail and Road Transport makes amendments to the structure of the exercises, it shall determine, also, the way in which they must be qualified, respecting, in any case, the maximum total score of 10 points for each financial year.

Article 14. Issue of certificates.

The qualification of the tests shall be completed, the Courts shall raise the relationship of approval to the calling organ for the issue of the corresponding professional training certificates.

CHAPTER III

From recognition of professional training requirements and good repute to holders of certificates issued by other European Union States

Article 15. Recognition of the training to perform a transport activity.

Pursuant to the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 34.2 of the ROTT, to persons who have obtained certificates of professional training in other States of the European Union for the exercise of the profession of In Spain, it will be recognized in Spain that this training will be carried out for the exercise of the transport activity in question, and the corresponding application must be submitted to the General Directorate of Railways and Transport. Road for the purpose of the issue of the resulting justification in document standard.

Article 16. Recognition of the training to perform an auxiliary and complementary activity of the transport.

It will also be recognised by the Directorate-General of Railways and Road Transport that compliance with the requirement of professional training for the exercise of the activities of an agency for the transport of goods, of Transit or storage-distributor, for the purpose of the corresponding supporting document in a standard document, to persons who have been carrying out such activities in other States of the European Union and who are documentary proof the fulfilment of any of the conditions which, for each of them, are indicated to continuation:

1. For freight and freight transport agency: (a) Haber has been carrying out the activity for five consecutive years on his own account or as a manager of a company.

b) There has been an activity for two consecutive years on a self-employed basis or as a manager of a company, where the person concerned proves that he has received a prior training of three for the activity in question. years at least, as attested by a certificate recognised by the State or deemed to be fully valid by a competent professional body.

c) Haber has been employed for three consecutive years on his own account or as a manager of an undertaking, where the person concerned proves that he has received prior training for the activity in question years at least, as attested by a certificate recognised by the State or deemed to be fully valid by a competent professional body.

(d) Haber having been employed for two consecutive years on his own account or as a manager of an undertaking, where the person concerned proves that he has employed the activity in question for three years at least.

e) Having been engaged in the activity for three consecutive years as an employed person, when the

prove that you have received, for the activity in question, a previous training of at least two years, sanctioned by a certificate recognised by the State or fully valid by a competent professional body.

2. For store-vendor:

a) Haber has been operating for three consecutive years on his own account or as a company manager.

(b) Haber has been engaged in the business for two consecutive years on his own account or as a manager of a company, where the person concerned proves that he has received prior training for such an activity. a certificate recognised by the State or fully validated by a competent professional body.

(c) Haber has been engaged in the business for two consecutive years on his own account or as a manager of a company, where the person concerned proves that he has employed that activity for at least three years.

(d) Haber having been employed for three consecutive years as an employed person, where the person concerned proves that he has received prior training for that activity as a result of a certificate recognised by the State or fully estimated by a competent professional body.

Article 17. Recognition of company managers.

1. For the sole purpose of recognition of the vocational training provided for in the preceding article, an activity as a manager of an undertaking shall be deemed to be an undertaking by any person performing at a centre of the relevant branch of the professional branch concerned. the following functions:

a) Enterprise Director or Director of a business branch.

b) Deputy to the employer or to the Director of Enterprise, if that function involves a liability corresponding to that of the employer or the Director of the company represented.

c) Director in charge of commercial and responsible tasks, at least, of an enterprise department.

2. Proof that the conditions set out in the previous Article are fulfilled shall be furnished by a certificate issued by the competent authority or body of the Member State of origin or source, which shall be submitted by the person concerned. support of your application for recognition of compliance with the professional training requirement. Those authorities or bodies shall be expressly designated by each of the Member States for this purpose.

Article 18. Compliance with the requirement of good repute.

Without prejudice to the obligation to observe the conditions laid down by Spanish legislation for the purpose of fulfilling the requirement of good repute, citizens of other States of the European Union may, at the time of their establishment in Spain, to justify compliance with these conditions by the relevant documents issued in their respective States.

Additional disposition.

The provisions of this Order relating to the cum-provision of the professional training requirement for the activity of an agency for the transport of goods shall apply to persons who carry out the management of cooperatives In this regard, the Committee on Transport and Tourism, as well as the recognition of this training, to those who at the date of entry into force of the Land Transport Management Act, had been carrying out the effective management of the aforementioned cooperatives.

First transient disposition.

The modalities of professional training certificates provided for in Article 1 shall be without prejudice to the persons to whom, prior to their recognition, professional training has been recognised only for the purposes of the mode of internal transport of goods or passengers, or for one of the ancillary and complementary activities of the transport, continue to possess exclusively the certificate corresponding to that modality, which shall not exempt them, by another part, of the performance of any of the exercises provided for in Articles 10 and 11 when they wish to obtain any of the certificates regulated in this Order.

Second transient disposition.

On the part of the body which, in each case, is competent in accordance with Article 2, a certificate of professional training shall be issued exclusively for the activities of internal transport of goods or internal transport of passengers to the following persons:

1. Natural persons holding concessions or public transport authorisations by road which have recognised the requirement of professional training for the activity of inland transport of passengers or goods in the provisions of numbers 1 and 3 of the first transitional arrangement of the LOT.

2 Persons to whom, pursuant to the provisions of the first transitional provision number 2 of the LOT, the requirement of professional training for the activity of domestic passenger transport is to be recognised or goods for the effective management of undertakings holding concessions or public transport authorisations by road and so request by attaching evidence of compliance, during the minimum time provided for in the The said transitional arrangement of the said end.

Transitional provision third.

The Directorate General of Railways and Road Transport will issue the certificate of professional training for the exercise of the activity of internal and international transport of goods to the following people:

1. Natural persons holding public transport authorisations for goods by road which, having carried out international carriage of goods, have recognised the requirement of professional training for both the activity of inland transport as for the international carriage of goods, in accordance with the provisions of numbers 1 and 3 of the first transitional provision of the LOT.

2 Persons to whom, pursuant to the provisions of the number 2 of the first transitional provision of the LOT, the requirement of professional training for the activity of inland transport as well as for the activity of inland transport must be recognized for the international carriage of goods, for carrying out the effective management of companies holders of authorizations of public transport that would have carried out international transport of goods and so request accompanying documentation proof of compliance, during the minimum time provided for in the abovementioned transitional provision, of the said point.

Transitional disposition fourth.

The Directorate General of Railways and Road Transport will issue the certificate of professional training for the exercise of the activity of internal and international transport of passengers to the people natural persons who hold public transport authorisations for passengers, or who carry out or have carried out the effective management of undertakings holding such authorisations, to whom, pursuant to the provisions of numbers 1, 2 and 3 of the provision First of the LOT, the requirement of professional training is recognized for both domestic and international passenger transport activities and so request by attaching the relevant ASOR documentation or, failing that, certification of a representative association of the undertakings concerned carriage of passengers by bus, certifying the carrying out of international transport within the time limits provided for in the said transitional provision, and, where appropriate, the evidence of the fact that, during those periods, the effective management of the relevant company.

Transient disposition fifth.

The body which in each case is competent in accordance with Article 2 shall issue a certificate of professional training relating exclusively to the activity of an agency for the transport of goods to the following people:

1.A natural persons holding an authorization of an agency for the transport of goods or of authorizations of the classes MR, EC or DC at the date of entry into force of the LOT.

2.a Persons who, at the time of entry into force of the LOT, performed the effective management of the companies holding the authorizations referred to in the previous paragraph, which they so request by attaching documentation accrediting that on that date they met such an end.

Transitional disposition sixth.

The body which in each case is competent in accordance with the provisions of Article 2 shall issue a certificate of professional training relating exclusively to the activities of a freight forwarder or a (a) the storage-distributor for persons who so request and justify that on the date of entry into force of the LOT they were carrying out on their own behalf one of those activities or effectively directed a company dedicated to them, attaching, to that effect, the following documentation:

(a) Justification that they themselves or, where appropriate, the undertaking they ran were discharged in the former tax licence for commercial and industrial activities, corresponding to the activity in question.

b) Justification that they themselves or, where appropriate, the company they were running, had the premises or offices necessary for the exercise of the activity.

(c) Justification that they themselves or, where appropriate, the undertaking they ran, had been complying with the tax obligations inherent in the exercise of the activity and, in particular, those relating to the value added tax and on the Income of the Physical Persons or on Societies.

d) Justification that they themselves or, where appropriate, the undertaking which they were carrying out effectively carried out the activity in question, through certificates of their registration in professional organisations, contracts, invoices or other similar documents.

e) Justification, if any, that they met the company's effective management requirement.

Single repeal provision.

The Order of the Ministry of Public Works and Transport of 7 October 1992, for which the first chapter of Title II of the Regulation of the Law of Ordination of the Law of Ordination, is hereby repealed, will be repealed. Land transports on prior conditions for the exercise of the activities of carrier and auxiliary and complementary transport, and how many provisions of equal or lower rank are opposed to the provisions of this Order.

Final disposition first.

The Director-General of Railways and Road Transport is empowered to lay down the provisions necessary for the execution and development of this Order, as well as to establish the rules of coordination that result In accordance with the provisions of Article 16.2 of Law No 5/1987 of 30 July 1987, the Delegation of State Faculties to the Autonomous Communities in connection with the Road and Cable Transport.

Final disposition second.

The Autonomous Communities to which the certificates provided for in the second, fifth and sixth transitional provisions are to be issued may, in compliance with the dates specified therein, lay down the rules and time limits laid down by the They shall proceed to the most agile and orderly issuing of such certificates.

Final disposition third.

This Order will enter into force on 2 January 1998.

Madrid, July 23, 1997.

MONTALVO ARIAS-SALGADO

ANNEX A

(IMAGE 1 OMITIDA)

When the corresponding certificate of professional training, in accordance with the provisions of the Organic Law 5/1987, of July 30, of the Delegation of Faculties of the State the Autonomous Communities, in relation to the Carriage by road and by cable, issued by the Autonomous Communities, the reference to the organs and authorities of the General Administration of the State appearing in the model shall be replaced by that corresponding to the bodies and authorities equivalents of the respective Autonomous Community. In this case, in addition to the top left side of the certificate, the Spanish shield will appear on the top right of the shield of the Autonomous Community.

The model will be completed by appointment of the transport activity in each case, which will be as follows:

Domestic and international passenger transport.

Inland and international freight transport.

Transport Agency, Transitario and Warehouse-Distributor.

ANNEX B

Testing program for obtaining the professional training certificate in its various modes

GROUP I

Common materials for transport activities

internal and international freight and passenger services

I. Elements of Law:

1. Basic concepts of contracts in general and in particular contracts for sale and leasing.

2. Obligations of the carrier as a business owner. Books of commerce.

3. Basic notions about mercantile societies and their classes. Cooperatives.

4. Main rules for the regulation of work and social security.

5. Tax obligations of transport operators.

II. Business and financial management of the company:

1. Payment modalities. Financing schemes. Notions of mutual guarantee companies.

2. Calculation of costs. Various cost items. Notions of amortization.

3. Basic notions of commercial accounting. Balance concepts and results count.

4. Billing. Billing modalities and requirements. Rights of the carrier in the event of default. III. Technical standards and exploitation:

1. Choice of vehicle. Factors to consider.

2. Approval and registration. Fiche of technical characteristics, registration and permit of movement of vehicles.

3. Rules for the conservation of the vehicle. Periodic reviews and inspections.

4. Principles applicable to the protection of the environment relating to the use and maintenance of vehicles.

IV. Road safety:

1. Provisions applicable in the field of movement.

2. Prevention of accidents and safety of movement. Factors that affect this. The tachograph.

3. Geography of roads. Map reading.

GROUP II

Subjects specific to transport activity

internal and international merchandise

I. Elements of Law:

1. Basic notions about the contract of goods transport. The liability of the carrier.

2. General notions about the insurance of the vehicle, liability, occupants and the goods transported.

II. Business and financial management of the company:

1. Tariffs. Classes. Conditions of application. Revision of the tariffs.

2. Purpose and operation of transport agencies and

mediators.

3. Collaboration between carriers.

4. Purpose and operation of the information and distribution centres for freight and freight stations.

5. Basic concepts concerning the management techniques of a road haulage company. The marketing of transport.

III. Market access:

1. Prerequisites. Precise administrative authorizations for the exercise of the activity.

2. Transport documents. Transport cards. Other specific documentation.

3. Control of transport. Inspection. Infringements and sanctions.

IV. Standards and technical exploitation:

1. Weights and dimensions of vehicles. Its limitations. Special vehicles.

2. Loading and unloading of vehicles. Criteria for the stowage, fastening and protection of the load.

3. The transport of dangerous goods. Applicable rules. Requirements for drivers and vehicles. Transport conditions.

4. The transport of foodstuffs. Applicable rules. Transport conditions. Transport in fridges and at controlled temperature.

V. Road safety:

1. Measures to be taken in the event of an accident.

2. Main measures to be taken in the transport of dangerous goods.

VI. International transport elements:

1. International conventions. International transport authorisations. Liberalized transport.

2. Border crossing at TIR regime. Customs transit in the European Union.

3. Documents relating to the vehicle and cargo, documents on export, health documentation. Currencies and changes.

4. The main regulations of the movement in the Member States of the European Union.

GROUP III

Subjects specific to transport activity

internal and international travelers

I. Elements of Law:

1. Basic notions about the passenger transport contract. Embodiments. The liability of the carrier.

2. General notions of vehicle insurance, liability, occupants and luggage insurance.

II. Business and financial management of the company:

1. Tariffs. Classes. Conditions of application. Tariff revision.

2. Purpose and operation of travel agencies.

3. Collaboration between carriers.

4. Bus stations. Main operating rules.

5. Basic concepts concerning the management techniques of a road passenger transport undertaking. The marketing of transport.

III. Market access:

1. Prerequisites for the exercise of the activity. Concessions and authorisations.

2. Transport documents. Transport cards. Roadmaps and roadbook. Tickets.

3. Control of transport. Infringements and sanctions.

IV. Road safety:

1. Measures to be taken in the event of an accident.

2. Main measures to be observed in school transport.

V. International transport elements:

1. International conventions. Authorisations. Liberalized transport.

2. Documentation concerning travellers, the vehicle and health. Currencies and changes.

3. Main traffic regulations in the Member States of the European Union.

GROUP IV

Common materials for the activities of freight agency, freight forwarder and storage agency-

vendor

I. Elements of Law:

1. General notions about contracts. Contracts with special relevance in transport: Contract of carriage of goods, contract of leasing of vehicles and contract of insurance.

2. Rights and obligations of the carrier as a business owner. Books of commerce. Proxies. Company crisis situations: Quiebra and suspension of payments.

3. General notions about mercantile societies and their classes. Cooperatives.

4. Main rules for the regulation of work and social security.

5. Tax obligations of ancillary and complementary transport undertakings.

II. Business and financial management of the company:

1. Payment modalities. The letter of change, the promissory note and the check. Financing schemes.

2. Calculation of costs. Various cost items. The amortisation.

3. Notions of commercial accounting. The main accounts. The balance sheet and the income statement.

4. Billing. Billing modalities and requirements. Rights of the carrier in the event of default.

5. Profitability forecasts. Activity Planning: Special reference to the marketing plan. Market study.

II. Transport administrative management:

1. The Land Transport Management Act and its implementing rules.

2. Access to the transport professions.

3. Ancillary activities for the carriage of goods by road.

4. Control and sanctioning of transport.

5. Tariffs.

6. Transport documentation. Specific documentation for the nature of the load.

IV. Matters relating to the activity of intermediation in the internal transport of goods:

1. Freight agencies: Concept and functions. The full load and fractionated load agencies.

2. The contract of transport: Concept, elements, test and extinction. The intermediation in the contract of transport: Effects, the responsibility of the intermediary.

3. The full load. Legal concept. Full load modes. The vehicle and the full load. Practical assumptions.

4. The fractional load. Legal concept. Characteristics of the fractionated load. Grupaje. Distribution. Storage. Packaging. In particular, dangerous goods. The vehicle and the fractional load. The logistics in the fractionated load.

5. Rail, sea and air transport. Intervention and agency functions in the same. Rail transport: Concept and classes; RENFE; rail fares; rail freight contract; rail intermodal elements. Maritime transport: General concepts (ship, ship, charter); maritime transport contract.

6. Intermodal transport systems. His various options. Special reference to the container: Concept, classes, regulation and registration. The intermodal and international use of the container. The containerization. ISO standards.

7. The marketing in transport. Growing importance of marketing, at national and international level. The computer support. The communication.

V. Matters relating to intermediation in international transport:

1. The freight forwarder. Functions. Hiring for hire and reward in your own name. The FIATA documents. The responsibility of the freight forwarder.

2. International transport. International agreements and treaties as instruments for regulating international transport. Government and non-governmental agencies linked to international transport. International transport as an instrument to comply with international commercial transactions: INCOTEMS. Transport in the European Union.

3. Imports and exports. The TIR Convention and Community Transit. Printed, documents and customs formalities related to international transport.

4. International road transport. The choice of the vehicle according to the load. Charging. Authorizations for international road transport. The CMR Convention. The intervention of the freight forwarder.

5. International rail transport. International lines. Goods suitable for transport by rail. Charging. CIM rules. The intervention of the freight forwarder.

6. International shipping. Appropriate goods for maritime transport. Liner conferences; non-conference carriers (outsiders). Charging. International conventions. The intervention of the freight forwarder.

7. International air transport. Charging. International conventions. The intervention of the freight forwarder.

8. Combined and multimodal transport. Means and systems. Charging. International conventions. The intervention of the freight forwarder.

VI. Materials relating to the storage and distribution of goods:

1. Storage and distribution companies. Concept and functions.

2. The deposit contract: Concept, nature, elements, form, test and rights and obligations of the parties. Specific insurance: For civil, fire, theft and transport liability. Industrial combined policy. Franchises.

3. The transport of goods: General transport. The low-density merchandise. Special transport. Loading and unloading of vehicles. Special reference to the Land Transport Management Act and its implementing rules. Detail submissions.

4. Storage and distribution of food products. Dry products: Food code; storage and transport conditions. Products at controlled temperature: Temperature conditions in warehouses and transport; types of warehouses and vehicles to be used. Cold products: Temperature conditions in warehouses and transport; types of warehouses and vehicles to be used.

5. Dangerous goods: Aerosols, chemical-solid products and toxic consumer products. Storage and transport conditions. Types of vehicles.

6. Operational techniques. Storage: Warehouse distribution; storage areas. Handling: Mechanization; automatic warehouses; preparation of orders. Stock Management: Manual and computerised management. Computerization: Management of orders, control of the transport and presentation of load sheet; information to customers; transmissions.

7. Organisation of transport. Preparation of routes and computerised management.

8. Economic control of the activity. Cost control. Calculation of tariffs.