Key Benefits:
Since the introduction of television and radio broadcasting services across the board several decades ago, citizens have enjoyed their daily lives, but they have also been subject to the same conditions. inevitably to the exposure of electromagnetic fields.
The recent introduction of competition in the telecommunications sector in Spain has resulted in a greater diversity in the supply of telecommunications services for businesses and citizens, this being the case. particularly noticeable in mobile telephony services. This increased diversity of telecom service offerings, and their associated quality and coverage levels, requires the existence of a high number of radio installations.
The Regulation approved by this Royal Decree has, among other objectives, measures to protect the health of the population. To this end, exposure limits for the general public are set for electromagnetic fields from radio emissions, in line with European recommendations. In order to guarantee this protection, basic restrictions and reference levels will be established which will have to be met by the facilities affected by this Royal Decree. At the same time, there is a response to the concerns expressed by some associations, citizens, local corporations and Autonomous Communities.
This Royal Decree complies with the proposals contained in the motions of the Congress of Deputies and the Senate, which urged the government to develop a regulation regarding the public's exposure to the radio emissions from mobile telephone antennas.
Moreover, it is also necessary to establish conditions that facilitate and make compatible the simultaneous and orderly functioning of the various radio installations and the services to which they support, considering, in particular, certain facilities which may be protected.
Article 61 of Law 11/1998, of 24 April, General of Telecommunications establishes that the management of the radio public domain and the powers for its administration and control correspond to the State. In addition, this Article adds that such management shall be exercised in accordance with the rules applicable in the European Union, and the resolutions and recommendations of the International Telecommunication Union and other international bodies.
Article 62 of Law 11/1998 establishes, for its part, that the government will develop regulations governing the management of radio broadcasting, specifying that the regulation should include the a procedure for the determination of tolerable radio emission levels and which do not pose a danger to public health.
Article 64 (2) of Law 11/1998 provides that regulations, limitations on property and easements, necessary for the defence of public radio control, and for protection shall be established. radio from the facilities of the Administration that are required for the control of the use of the spectrum.
Article 76 of Law 11/1998 establishes that it is the responsibility of the Ministry of Public Works (now, of the Ministry of Science and Technology) to inspect the services and telecommunications networks, the provision of equipment, equipment, installations and civil systems, as well as the application of the system of penalties, except where appropriate for the Telecommunications Market Committee.
Additionally, Royal Decree 1451/2000 of July 28, for which the basic organic structure of the Ministry of Science and Technology is developed, attributes to the Directorate General of Telecommunications and Technologies of the Information on competition for the proposal for the planning, management and administration of public radio control, for the technical verification of radio emissions, and for the control and inspection of telecommunications, as well as the application of the sanctioning regime in the field.
Law 14/1986, of 25 April, General of Health in its Articles 18, 19, 24 and 40 gives the health administration the powers of health control of the products, elements or forms of energy which may be presumed to be risk to human health. It also attributes the ability to establish limitations, methods of analysis, and technical requirements for health control.
Royal Decree 1450/2000 of 28 July, for which the basic organic structure of the Ministry of Health and Consumer Affairs is developed, attributes to the Directorate General of Public Health and Consumption the competence for the evaluation, prevention and control of non-ionising radiation.
To achieve effective protection of public health it is necessary to coordinate the competencies of the Ministry of Science and Technology, in relation to the limits of emissions and management and protection of the public domain. radio, with the health skills of the Ministry of Health and Consumer Affairs.
It is also necessary for both Ministries, in order to improve knowledge about health and radio emissions, to promote and review relevant research on radio emissions. and human health, in the context of its national research programmes, taking into account the Community and international research recommendations and the efforts made in this field, based on as many as possible from sources.
The Regulation approved by this Royal Decree, prepared in coordination by the Ministries of Science and Technology and Health and Consumer Affairs, is intended to comply with the provisions of the provisions of Law 11/1998, on radio emissions. In addition, Chapter II, Articles 6 and 7, lays down, as a basic and implementing rule of Law 14/1986, exposure limits and conditions for the health assessment of risks by radio emissions.
This Royal Decree assumes the criteria for health protection against electromagnetic fields from radio emissions set out in the Recommendation of the Council of Health Ministers of the European Union, of 12 July 1999 on the exposure of the general public to electromagnetic fields.
In addition, this Recommendation provides for the advisability of providing citizens with information in an appropriate format on the effects of electromagnetic fields and on the measures taken to address them, to the the health risks and protection against exposure to them are better understood.
This Regulation establishes exposure limits for radio communications systems based on the above-mentioned Recommendation of the Council of the European Union. In addition, the Regulation provides for mechanisms for monitoring the levels of exposure, through the presentation of certificates and reports by telecommunications operators, the carrying out of inspection plans and the preparation of a report. Annual report by the Ministry of Science and Technology.
This Royal Decree has been submitted to the hearing through the Telecommunications and Information Society Advisory Board, and to the report of the Telecommunications Market Commission, according to provided for in Article 1, 2 (2) (j) of Law 12/1997 of 24 April of the Liberalisation of Telecommunications.
This Royal Decree has been subject to the procedure for information on technical standards and regulations and regulations concerning the services of the Information Society provided for in Directive 98 /34/EC, of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 June, as amended by Directive 98 /48/EC of 20 July, as well as of the provisions of Royal Decree 1337/1999 of 31 July on the provision of information in the field of standards and technical regulations and regulations relating to the services of the information society, which incorporates these Directives into the Spanish legal order.
In its virtue, on the joint proposal of the Ministry of Science and Technology and of Health and Consumer Affairs, after the approval of the Minister of Public Administrations, in agreement with the Council of State and after deliberation of the Council of Ministers at their meeting on 28 September 2001,
D I S P O N G O:
Single item. Object.
By this Royal Decree the Regulation establishing conditions for the protection of public radio broadcasting, restrictions on radio emissions and measures for health protection against emissions is adopted. radio, which is then included with the annexes that complete it.
ADDITIONAL DISPOSITION
Unica. Reporting.
Following Council Recommendation 1999 /519/EC of 12 July on the exposure of the general public to electromagnetic fields, the Ministry of Health and Consumer Affairs will draw up, within three years of its entry into force, the Regulation, a report on the experiences gained in the implementation of the Regulation, as regards protection against potential health risks from exposure to radio emissions.
REPEAL PROVISION
Unica. Regulatory repeal.
Chapter II of Title II of the Implementing Regulation of Law 31/1987 of 18 December 1987 on the Management of Telecommunications in relation to the public radio domain and value added services is hereby repealed. use that domain, approved by Royal Decree 844/1989, of 7 July.
FINAL PROVISIONS
First. Regulatory development and amendment of annexes.
The Minister of Science and Technology will dictate the necessary provisions for the development and implementation of this Royal Decree. The Minister for Science and Technology is also authorised to amend Annex I to the Regulation, in the light of experience gained in its application and new needs.
The Minister of Health and Consumer Affairs will make the necessary arrangements for the development and implementation of the functions attributed to the Ministry of Health and Consumer Affairs in this Royal Decree. The Minister for Health and Consumer Affairs is also authorised to amend Annex II to the Regulation in accordance with Article 7 of the Regulation.
Second. Legal and constitutional foundation.
This Royal Decree is dictated by the development of Articles 48, 62 and 64 of Law 11/1998 of 24 April, General of Telecommunications, issued under the protection of Article 149.1.21. of the Constitution, except for the single additional provision and Chapter II of the Rules of Procedure, Articles 6 and 7, which are in the development of Articles 18, 19, 24 and 40 of Law 14/1986 of 25 April 1986, General of Health, as a basic rule, pursuant to Article 149.1.16. of the Constitution.
Third. Entry into force.
This Royal Decree will enter into force on the day following its publication in the "Official State Gazette".
Given in Madrid to September 28, 2001.
JOHN CARLOS R.
The Minister of the Presidency,
JUAN JOSE LUCAS GIMENEZ
REGULATION ESTABLISHING CONDITIONS FOR THE PROTECTION OF PUBLIC RADIO BROADCASTING, RESTRICTIONS ON RADIO EMISSIONS AND HEALTH PROTECTION MEASURES AGAINST RADIO EMISSIONS
CHAPTER I
General provisions
Article 1. Object.
This Regulation aims at the development of Law 11/1998 of 24 April, General of Telecommunications, regarding the establishment of conditions for the protection of the radio public domain, to the authorisation, planning and inspection of radio installations in relation to the limits of exposure to emissions, the establishment of other restrictions on radio emissions, the assessment of equipment and equipment and the applicable sanctioning regime. Also, Law 14/1986 of 25 April, General of Health, is developed in relation to the setting of exposure limits for health protection and the assessment of risks by radio emissions.
Article 2. Scope.
The provisions of this Regulation apply to energy emissions in the form of electromagnetic waves, which are spread by space without artificial guidance, and which are produced by radio stations of radio communications or received by radio astronomy stations.
For the purposes of the foregoing paragraph, one or more transmitters or receivers, or a combination of both, including ancillary facilities, or necessary to secure a service, are considered to be a radio station. radio communication or radio astronomy service.
CHAPTER II
Protection of Radio Public Domain
Article 3. Limitations and easements for the protection of certain radio installations.
1. In accordance with the provisions of Article 48.2 of Law 11/1998 of 24 April, General Telecommunications, limitations may be imposed on the ownership and intensity of the electric field and the easements that are necessary for adequate radio protection of the following installations:
(a) The facilities of the Administration that are required for the control of the use of radio spectrum.
b) Relief and security stations.
c) Facilities of interest to the national defense.
d) Satellite monitoring and control stations.
e) Space research, satellite, radio astronomy and astrophysics research stations, and official radio communications research or testing facilities in which they are carried Similar functions.
(f) Any other installation or station the protection of which is necessary for the proper functioning of a public service, including the assumptions provided for in Article 51 of the Regulation implementing Title III of the General Telecommunications Law as regards the universal service of telecommunications, the other public service obligations and public obligations in the provision of services and in the operation of networks of telecommunications, approved by Royal Decree 1736/1998 of 31 July, or by virtue of international agreements.
2. The maximum values for the limitations and easements required for the radio protection of the installations referred to in this Article are set out in Annex I to this Regulation.
3. Aeronautical easements and limitations shall be governed by their specific rules.
4. This Regulation shall apply in respect of the cases covered by the Regulation of Law 8/1975 of 12 March 1975 on areas and installations of interest to the National Defence, approved by Royal Decree 689/1978 of 10 February.
Article 4. Concept of property limitations and easements for the protection of certain radio installations.
1. For the purposes of this Chapter, the term 'limitation of ownership' shall mean the 'radio protection of installations', the obligation not to make and to bear non-individualised, imposed on the owners and owners of the equipment. " Prediums close to the stations or installations covered by the protection
.Likewise, according to Article 48 of Law 11/1998, of 24 April, General Telecommunications, it will be understood as servitude the obligation not to make and to bear of an individualized character, indemnable in the terms of the legislation of compulsory expropriation. Likewise, the limitations to property, when they effectively cause a singular deprivation, will be indemnified according to the provisions of the legislation on forced expropriation.
2. The owners may not make works or modifications to the servants who prevent such easements or limitations, once they have been specified by ministerial order, according to the procedure laid down in the article. 5 of this Regulation.
The constitution of such easements and limitations shall reduce as much as possible the lien that they imply and submit to the rules of congruence and proportionality.
Article 5. Procedure for the constitution of limitations and easements.
1. The files for the establishment of limitations which do not cause a singular deprivation shall be initiated by the Secretariat of State of Telecommunications and the Information Society, either on its own initiative or at the request of a party, and shall contain at least the reasons for their need, their geographical scope and their scope.
2. Such files shall be subject to the rules of advertising, equal treatment and general rules of limitation and shall be subject to the hearing procedure provided for in Article 84 of Law No 30/1992 of 26 November 1992 on the legal system of Public administrations and the Common Administrative Procedure. However, this hearing may be omitted in the absence of known stakeholders. In any event, an extract shall be published in the "Official State Gazette" for public information, with a period of 20 days for the submission of claims.
3. Having completed the processing of the administrative file, the Minister of Science and Technology, on a proposal from the Secretariat of State of Telecommunications and the Information Society, and prior to the report of the State Attorney in the Department, resolve on that file.
4. The Order for the approval of the limitation or serfdom shall be published in the "Official Gazette of the State" and shall be notified to the persons concerned in the terms provided for in Article 59 of Law No 30/1992 of 26 November 1992, of the Legal Regime of the Public administrations and the Common Administrative Procedure.
5. The files for the establishment of the easements and the limitations that effectively cause a singular deprivation shall be initiated by the Secretariat of State of Telecommunications and the Information Society, either ex officio or at the request of the and shall be governed by the provisions of the legislation on compulsory expropriation.
CHAPTER III
Exposure limits for health protection and risk assessment for radio emissions
Article 6. Limits of exposure to radio emissions. Basic constraints and reference levels.
In compliance with the provisions of Article 62 of Law 11/1998, of 24 April, General of Telecommunications, and in the development of Law 14/1986, of 25 April, General of Health, in accordance with the recommendation of the Council of Health Ministers of the European Union of 12 July 1999, and in order to ensure adequate protection of the health of the general public, the exposure limits set out in Annex II shall apply.
The limits established shall be met in areas where persons may normally remain and in the exposure to the emissions of terminal equipment, without prejudice to other specific provisions. in the field of work.
Article 7. Health assessment of risks by radio emissions.
Depending on the scientific evidence available and the information provided by the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Health and Consumer Affairs, in coordination with the Autonomous Communities, will assess the risks potential health risks from the exposure of the general public to radio emissions.
The assessment shall take into account the number of persons exposed, their epidemiological characteristics, age, parts of the body exposed, exposure time, health conditions of persons and other variables that are relevant to the assessment.
The Ministry of Health and Consumer Affairs, in coordination with the Autonomous Communities, shall develop the health criteria to assess the sources and practices that may result in the exposure to radio the population, in order to implement measures to control, reduce or prevent this exposure. The implementation of these measures will be carried out in coordination with the Ministry of Science and Technology.
The Ministry of Health and Consumer Affairs shall also adapt Annex II to scientific progress, taking into account the precautionary principle and the evaluations carried out by competent national and international organisations.
CHAPTER IV
Authorization and inspection of radio installations in relation to the exposure limits
Article 8. Certain requirements for the authorisation, planning criteria and installation of radio stations.
1. Operators setting up support networks for radio and television broadcasting services and holders of individual licences of type B2 and C2 shall submit a detailed study, carried out by a competent technician, indicating the levels of radio exposure in areas close to its radio facilities where persons may normally remain.
The above exposure levels, assessed taking into account the radio environment, shall comply with the limits set out in Annex II to this Regulation.
The study will be presented to the Ministry of Science and Technology, incorporated in the project or technical proposal necessary to request the authorization of the radio installations, as established in the Chapter I, Title III, of the Order of 9 March 2000, approving the Regulation on the development of Law 11/1998 of 24 April, General Telecommunications, regarding the use of radio public domain.
2. Operators and holders of individual licences referred to in paragraph 1 shall submit, at the same time and in addition to the study referred to in that paragraph, a project for the installation of signs and, where appropriate, restrict the access of non-professional staff to areas where the restrictions laid down in Annex II may be exceeded. Such signalling or fencing shall be installed in a manner prior to the putting into service of the radio installation.
3. The Ministry of Science and Technology may extend the obligation laid down in the preceding paragraphs to applications for the authorisation of other radio installations.
4. The Ministry of Health and Consumer Affairs shall have access to the information necessary to it on the levels of exposure referred to in the first paragraph of this Article. The health authorities of the Autonomous Communities shall be informed by the Ministry of Health and Consumer Affairs at their request.
5. Without prejudice to the first paragraph of this Article, the final approval of the facilities shall be conditional upon the failure to exceed the exposure limits set out in Annex II to this Regulation.
6. No new radio installations may be established or existing ones may be modified when their operation may result in the exposure limits set out in Annex II to this Regulation being exceeded.
7. In the planning of radio installations, the holders of radio installations must take into account, among other criteria, the following:
(a) The location, characteristics and operating conditions of the radio stations should minimise the exposure levels of the general public to radio emissions from both these and, in their case, in the terminals associated with them, maintaining an appropriate quality of service.
(b) In the case of the installation of radio stations on residential buildings, the holders of radio installations shall, wherever possible, ensure that the issuing system is installed in such a way as to Emission diagram does not affect the building itself, terrace or attic.
c) Site sharing could be conditioned by the consequent concentration of radio emissions.
(d) In particular, the location, characteristics and operating conditions of radio stations should minimize, to the greatest extent possible, emission levels on sensitive spaces, such as schools, health centers, hospitals or public parks.
Article 9. Inspection and certification of radio installations.
1. It shall be a requirement prior to the use of the radio public domain by the operators referred to in Article 8 (1) of the inspection or satisfactory recognition of the facilities by the technical services of the Ministry of Science and Technology, in the terms set out in article 65 of Law 11/1998, of 24 April, General Telecommunications.
2. Radio installations must be carried out by registered telecommunications installers, for the type concerned, in the Register of Telecommunications Installers, as provided for in Royal Decree 279/1999 of 22 February 1999. The Regulation of the Common Infrastructure of Telecommunications for the Access to the Services of Telecommunications in the Interior of the Buildings and the Activity of Installation of Equipment and Systems of Telecommunications.
3. The technical services of the Ministry of Science and Technology shall draw up inspection plans to check the adaptation of the facilities to the provisions of this Regulation.
In addition, holders of individual licences of type B2 and C2 shall forward to the Ministry of Science and Technology, in the first quarter of each calendar year, a certificate issued by competent technician that they have respected the exposure limits set out in Annex II to this Regulation during the previous year. This Ministry may extend this obligation to holders of other radio installations.
On an annual basis, the Ministry of Science and Technology, on the basis of the results obtained in the aforementioned inspections and the certifications presented by the operators, will prepare and publish a report on the exposure to radio emissions.
4. The Ministry of Health and Consumer Affairs shall have access to information on the outcome of the inspections and certifications referred to in the previous paragraphs of this Article. The health authorities of the Autonomous Communities shall be informed by the Ministry of Health and Consumer Affairs at their request.
CHAPTER V
Other Provisions
Article 10. Other restrictions on the levels of radio emissions.
Without prejudice to the other limitations set out in this Regulation, any radio station shall be limited in its emission levels by any of the following conditions:
(a) The existence of harmful interference or incompatibilities with other previously authorised telecommunication services or other essential public services.
b) The limitations imposed by the National Frequency Attribution Table.
c) The existence, outside of the authorized service zone to the station, of electromagnetic field intensity levels higher than the set maximums.
Article 11. Equipment and apparatus.
All equipment and apparatus using the radio spectrum shall have assessed their conformity and comply with the other applicable requirements, in the terms set out in Articles 56 and 57 of Law 11/1998, of 24 April, General Telecommunications, and Royal Decree 1890/2000 of 20 November, approving the Regulation laying down the procedure for the assessment of the conformity of telecommunications equipment.
Additionally, the Secretariat of State of Telecommunications and the Information Society may establish procedures for voluntary evaluation, in accordance with the provisions of Article 35 of the Regulation adopted by the Royal Decree 1890/2000. These procedures may define the technical parameters applicable to the assessment, as well as the information to be provided in the user manual or on the packaging of the equipment. The establishment of such voluntary assessment procedures shall in no case involve a restriction or obstacle to the placing on the market or the putting into service of the relevant equipment or apparatus.
The voluntary evaluation procedures to be established shall define the applicable technical specifications, the compliance of which may be verified, as the case may be, by the manufacturer's declaration of conformity or by tests carried out by accredited external bodies.
The technical specifications shall be defined taking into account the technical standards developed by the following bodies, with the order of precedence listed below:
(a) Those adopted by recognised European standardisation bodies: The European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), the European Committee for Standardisation (CEN) and the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardisation (CENELEC).
(b) Internationals adopted by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the International Organization for Standardisation (ISO) or the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC).
c) The emanated from Spanish standards organizations and, in particular, from the Spanish Association for Standardisation and Certification (AENOR).
d) Technical specifications that have wide acceptance in the industry and have been developed by the relevant international bodies.
Article 12. Installation of radio stations on the same site.
In the case of installation of several radio stations of different operators within the same location, operators shall provide each other or through the site manager with the technical data necessary to carry out the study that the set of site installations does not exceed the maximum radioelectric levels set out in this Regulation.
Article 13. Sanctioning regime.
1. In accordance with Article 79,16 and Article 80.15 of Law 11/1998 of 24 April, General Telecommunications, serious and serious infringements will be made by the holders of general authorisations and licences. the individual conditions imposed on them. To those effects and in accordance with Article 5 (4) and (9) of the Order of 22 September 1998 laying down the arrangements applicable to individual licences for telecommunications services and networks and the conditions for the granting of such licences, which are to be met by their holders, shall have the consideration of infringement, for non-compliance with essential conditions, to carry out radio broadcasts which do not comply with the exposure limits laid down in Article 6 or to fail to comply with them. signs or fencing of installations in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 2 of the Article 8 of this Regulation.
2. Without prejudice to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the infringements referred to in Article 79,16 may be sanctioned as a breach of the technical conditions and requirements applicable to the use of the public domain. Radio and television, as provided for in Article 23 of the Order of 9 March 2000, which adopted the Regulation on the development of Law 11/1998 of 24 April, General Telecommunications, concerning the use of public domain radio.
TRANSIENT DISPOSITION
Unica. Certification and signalling of authorised facilities.
1. Within nine months of the entry into force of this Regulation, the operators and holders of individual licences referred to in Article 8 (1) shall have access to radio-electric installations authorised by the Commission. Prior to the date of entry into force of this Regulation, they shall forward to the Ministry of Science and Technology a certification of the conformity of those installations with the exposure limits set out in Annex II to this Regulation; issued by competent technician.
In case of the expiry of the said period the certification for a radio installation shall not be submitted, it shall be understood that it is not authorized for its operation. The new putting into service of this radio installation shall comply with Articles 8 and 9 of this Regulation.
2. Within one year of the entry into force of this Regulation, the operators and holders of individual licences referred to in Article 8 (1) shall have access to radio-electric installations authorised by the Commission. Prior to the date of entry into force of this Regulation, all their radio-electrical installations shall be suitable for the purposes referred to in Article 8 (2). Once this adequacy has been completed, they will communicate it to the Ministry of Science and Technology.
3. The Ministry of Science and Technology shall report to the Ministry of Health and Consumer Affairs on the degree of conformity of radio installations.
ANNEX I
Limitations and easements for the protection of certain radio installations
1. According to the provisions of the additional provision of Law 11/1998 of 24 April, General Telecommunications, three types of limitations and easements are established for the radio stations to which the Article 48 (2) of that Law, which affect:
a) To the maximum height of the buildings. -For distances less than 1,000 meters, from the point of location of the radio station to protect, the angle that forms, on the horizontal, the direction of observation of the point The highest of a building, from the top of the lower-height receiving antennas of the station, shall be a maximum of 3 degrees.
(b) The minimum distance to which high voltage electrical industries and installations and electrified railway lines may be located. The maximum required limitation of separation between an industry or a high voltage line or a Electrified rail line and any of the station's receiving antennas to protect will be 1,000 meters.
(c) The minimum distance to which radio transmitters may be installed, with or without required radio-electric conditions (CRE).-The following table sets out the maximum limitations due in distance between the Radio station transmitting antennas and the station receiving antennas to be protected.
For certain radio communication services, it is possible to choose between maintaining the minimum distances established without CRE or reducing these distances with the necessary CREs, according to the following distribution.
|
| Type of service | Power radiated | Maximum limitation | or | Maxima |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F ≤ 30 | Broadcasting | 0.01 < P ≤ 1 | 2 | ||
|
Other services | 0.01 < P ≤ 1 | 2 | or | 1 and CRE | |
|
30 < f ≤ 3000 | Broadcasting | 0.01 < P ≤ 1 | 1 | ||
|
Other Services | 0.01 < P ≤ 1 | 1 | or | 0.3 and CRE | |
| f > 3000 | Radiolocation | 0.001 < P ≤ 1 | 1 | ||
| Other Services | 0.001 < P | 1 | or | 0.2 and CRE |
(1) Note: the radiolabelled conditions (CRE) shall be those technical and protective conditions or protection to be included in the radio stations in order to ensure that their emissions do not disturb the normal operation of the station to be protected.
In the event of a dispute over the extent of the permissible disturbance, the Secretariat of State of Telecommunications and the Information Society shall establish the adequacy or inadequacy of the CREs.
In the case of emission testing stations, for the establishment of the CREs, within the minimum distances set out in the table above, the limits laid down in the table shall also be taken into account. UIT-R SM-575 recommendation.
|
Frequency | Field Intensity Rule | Quadriatic media for more than one fundamental field strength |
|---|---|---|
|
9 kHz ≤ f < 174 MHz | 10 | 30 |
| 174 MHz ≤ f < 960 MHz | 50 | 150 |
Note: The value of the quadratic mean of the field intensity is applied to multiple signals, but only when all of them are within the RF step band of the technical check receiver.
2. As regards the limitations of electric field intensity in high sensitivity stations dedicated to research in the fields of radio astronomy and astrophysics, these limitations will be as follows:
A) Stations dedicated to radio astronomical observations, in each of the frequency bands that are attributed to the radio astronomy service in accordance with the National Frequency Attribution Table, be protected against interference by the levels of field intensity indicated below:
-34.2 dB (μV/m) in the 1400 to 1427 MHz band.
-35.2 dB (μV/m) in the 1610.6 to 1613.8 MHz band.
-35.2 dB (μV/m) in the 1660 to 1670 MHz band.
-31.2 dB (μV/m) in the 2690 to 2700 MHz band.
-25.2 dB (μV/m) in the 4990 to 5000 MHz band.
-14.2 dB (μV/m) in the band from 10.6 to 10.7 GHz.
-10.2 dB (μV/m) in the 15.35 to 15.4 GHz band.
-2.2 dB (μV/m) in the band from 22.21 to 22.5 GHz.
-1.2 dB (μV/m) in the 23.6 to 24 GHz band.
4.8 dB (μV/m) in the 31.3 to 31.8 GHz band.
8.8 dB (μV/m) in the 42.5 to 43.5 GHz band.
20.8 dB (μV/m) in the 86-92 GHz band.
B) For the protection of astrophysics observatories, the limitation of the electric field intensity, at any frequency, shall be 88.8 dB (V/m) at the location of the observatory. For the determination of the field intensity, the radio stations whose apparent radiating powers in the direction of the observatories are greater than 25 watts and are located within a circle of 20 kilometres of the field shall be taken into account. radio around the location of the astrophysics observatory or, in the case of the island Autonomous Communities, those located on the island where the observatory is located. For the calculations, account shall be taken of their technical characteristics and in particular those of the transmitting antenna and the conditions for the field and radio protection. In the case that the theoretical calculations result in an electric field intensity greater than the fixed limit, field intensity measurements may be performed at the location of the observatories with test signals.
3. For better use of radio spectrum, the Ministry of Science and Technology may impose on installations the use of technical elements to improve radio compatibility between stations.
ANNEX II
Limits of exposure to radio emissions
1. Definitions
(a) Physical magnitudes: In the context of exposure to radio emissions, the following physical quantities are usually used:
The contact current (Ic) between a person and an object is expressed in amps (A). A conductive object in an electric field can be loaded by the field.
The current density (J) is defined as the current flowing by a cross-section unit perpendicular to the direction of the current, in a volumetric conductor, such as the human body or part thereof, expressed in amperes per square meter (A/m2).
The intensity of the electric field is a vector magnitude (E) that corresponds to the force exerted on a charged particle regardless of its movement in the space. Expressed in volts per meter (V/m).
Magnetic field intensity is a vector magnitude (H) that, along with magnetic induction, determines a magnetic field at any point in space. It is expressed in amps per meter (A/m).
The magnetic flux or magnetic induction density is a vector magnitude (B) that results in a force acting on moving loads, and is expressed in teslas (T). In free space and in biological materials, magnetic flux or induction density and magnetic field intensity can be exchanged using equivalence 1 A/m = 4 π10-7 T.
The power density (S) is the magnitude used for very high frequencies, where the depth of penetration in the body is low. It is the radiant power that impinges perpendicular to a surface, divided by the area of the surface, and is expressed in watts per square meter (W/m2).
Specific energy absorption (SA, "specific energy absorption") is defined as the energy absorbed per unit of mass of biological tissue, expressed in julios per kilogram (J/kg). This recommendation is used to limit the non-thermal effects of pulsating microwave radiation.
The energy-specific absorption rate (SAR, "specific energy absorption rate"), is defined as the power absorbed per unit mass of body tissue, the average of which is calculated in the whole body or parts thereof, and is expressed in watts per kilogram (W/kg). Whole-body SAR is a widely accepted measure to relate adverse thermal effects with exposure to radio emissions. Next to the whole body mean SAR, local SAR values are necessary to assess and limit excessive deposition of energy in small parts of the body as a result of special exposure conditions. Examples of such conditions are: Exposure to radio emissions in the low Mhz range of a person in contact with the earth, or persons exposed in space adjacent to an antenna.
Among these magnitudes, the ones that can be measured directly are the magnetic flux density, the contact current, the intensity of the electric field and that of the magnetic field and the power density.
B) Basic restrictions and reference levels: For the application of restrictions based on the assessment of the possible effects of radioelectric emissions on health, the restrictions must be differentiated. basic levels of reference levels.
Basic constraints. The restrictions of exposure to electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields in time, based directly on known health effects and biological considerations, are given the name of "basic restrictions". Depending on the frequency of the field, the physical magnitudes used to specify these constraints are magnetic induction (B), current density (J), energy-specific absorption rate (SAR), or power density (S). Magnetic induction and power density can be easily measured in exposed individuals.
Reference levels. These levels are offered for practical exposure assessment purposes, to determine the likelihood of the basic restrictions being exceeded. Some reference levels are derived from the relevant basic restrictions using computerized measurements or techniques, and some refer to the perception and indirect adverse effects of exposure to radio emissions. The resulting magnitudes are electric field intensity (E), magnetic field intensity (H), magnetic induction (B), power density (S), and current in extremities (Il). The magnitudes that relate to perception and other indirect effects are the current (contact) (Ic) and, for the pulsed fields, the energy-specific absorption (SA). In any particular exposure situation, the measured or calculated values of any of these quantities can be compared to the appropriate reference level. Compliance with the reference level shall ensure compliance with the relevant basic restriction. That the measured value exceeds the reference level does not necessarily mean that the basic restriction is to be exceeded. However, in such circumstances it is necessary to check whether it is respected.
Some magnitudes, such as magnetic induction (B) and power density (S), serve certain frequencies as basic constraints and as reference levels.
The limits of exposure to radio emissions referred to in the Regulation are those resulting from the application of the basic restrictions and the reference levels in areas where the public may normally remain. in general, without prejudice to other specific provisions in the field of work.
2. Basic restrictions
Depending on the frequency, to specify the basic restrictions on electromagnetic fields, the following physical quantities are used (metered or display quantities):
a) Between 0 and 1 Hz, basic restrictions of magnetic induction are provided for static magnetic fields (0 Hz) and current density for variable fields in the time of 1 Hz, in order to prevent effects on the cardiovascular system and the central nervous system.
b) Between 1 Hz and 10 MHz, basic current density restrictions are provided to prevent effects on the functions of the nervous system.
c) Between 100 kHz and 10 GHz, basic SAR restrictions are provided to prevent whole-body calorific fatigue and excessive local warming of tissues. In the 100 kHz to 10 MHz range, current and SAR density constraints are offered.
d) Between 10 GHz and 300 GHz are provided basic restrictions of the power density, in order to prevent the heating of the tissues on or near the body surface.
The basic restrictions set out in Table 1 have been established taking into account variations which could introduce individual sensitivities and environmental conditions, as well as the fact that age and The health status of citizens varies.
TABLE 1
Basic restrictions for electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic fields (0 Hz-300 GHz)
| Magnetic Induction | Density | integer mean SAR | Localized SAR (head | Localized SAR (members) (W/kg) | Power density S | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 Hz | 40 | - | - | - | - | - | ||||
| 0-1 Hz- | - | 8 | - | - | - | - | ||||
| - | - |
- | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
|
- | 2 |
- | - | - | - | - | - | |||
| 1,000 Hz-100 kHz | - | f/500 | - |
- | - | - | ||||
|
100 kHz-10 MHz |
- | f/500 | 0.08 | 2 | 4 | - | ||||
| MHz-10 GHz | - | - | 0.08 | 2 |
4 | - | ||||
|
10-300 GHz | - | - | - | - | - | 10 |
Notes:
1. f is the frequency in Hz.
2. The objective of the basic restriction of current density is to protect against the severe effects of exposure on the tissues of the central nervous system in the head and trunk, and includes a safety factor. The basic restrictions for the very low frequencies are based on the negative effects established in the central nervous system. These acute effects are essentially instantaneous and there is no scientific justification for modifying the basic restrictions in relation to short duration exposures. However, since the basic restrictions refer to the negative effects on the central nervous system, these basic restrictions may allow higher densities in the tissues of the body other than those of the central nervous system. in the same exposure conditions.
3. Given the lack of electrical homogeneity of the body, the average of the current densities must be calculated in a cross-sectional section of 1 cm2 perpendicular to the direction of the current.
4. For frequencies of up to 100 kHz, peak current density values can be obtained by multiplying the mean square value (rms) by an average of 2 (1,414). For tp duration pulses, the equivalent frequency to be applied in basic constraints must be calculated as f = 1/(2tp).
5. For frequencies up to 100 kHz and for pulsed magnetic fields, the maximum current density associated with the pulses can be calculated from the rise/fall times and the maximum rate of change of magnetic induction. The induced current density can then be compared to the corresponding basic constraint.
6. All SAR values must be averaged over a period of any six minutes.
7. The averaged mass of localized SAR is a portion of any 10 g of contiguous tissue; the maximum SAR obtained in this way must be the value used to evaluate the exposure. These 10 g of tissue are considered as a mass of contiguous tissues with almost homogeneous electrical properties. Specifying that this is a mass of contiguous tissues, it is recognised that this concept can be used in automated dosimetry, although it may be difficult to carry out direct physical measurements. A simple geometry, such as a mass of cubic tissues, may be used, provided that the measured dose amounts have values of prudence in relation to the exposure guidelines.
8. For tp duration pulses, the equivalent frequency to be applied in basic constraints should be calculated as f = 1/(2tp). In addition, as regards pulsed exposures, in the range of frequencies from 0.3 to 10 GHz and in relation to the localised exposure of the head, the SA should not exceed 2 mJ/kg-1 as an average calculated in 10 g of tissue.
3. Reference levels.
The exposure reference levels are used to be compared with the values of the measured measures. Respect for all levels of reference will ensure respect for basic restrictions.
If the amounts of the measured values are greater than the reference levels, it does not necessarily mean that the basic constraints have been exceeded. In this case, an assessment should be made to check whether exposure levels are lower than the basic restrictions.
The reference levels for limiting the exposure are obtained from the basic constraints, assuming a maximum coupling of the field with the exposed individual, thus obtaining a maximum of protection. A summary of the reference levels is given in Tables 2 and 3. These are generally intended as mean values, calculated spatially over the entire extent of the exposed individual's body, but taking into account that the basic localized exposure restrictions should not be exceeded.
In certain situations where exposure is very localized, as is the case with mobile phones and with the individual's head, it is not appropriate to use reference levels. In these cases, it should be evaluated directly if the localized basic restriction is respected.
3.1 Field Levels.
TABLE 2
Reference levels for electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic fields (0 Hz-300 GHz, unperturbed rms)
| Gama | Field Intensity E | H Field Intensity | Field B | Density | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
0-1 Hz | - | 3.2 × 104 | 4 × 10 |
| ||
| 1-8 Hz | 10,000 |
3.2 × 104/f2 | 4 × 104/f2 |
| ||
|
8-25 Hz | 10,000 |
5.000/f |
| |||
| 0.025-0.8 kHz | 250/f | 4/f | 5/f | - | ||
| 0,8-3 kHz | 250 /f | 5 | 6.25 | - | ||
| 87 | 5 | 6.25 | - | |||
| 0.15-1 MHz | 87 | 0 ,73 /f |
0 ,92 /f | - | ||
|
1-10 MHz | 87 /f1/2 | 0 ,73 /f | 0 ,92 /f |
- | ||
| 10-400 MHz | 28 | 0 ,73 /f |
0.092 | 2 | ||
|
400-2,000 MHz | 1.375 f1/2 | 0.0037 f1/2 | f/200 | |||
| 2-300 GHz | 61 | 61 |
0.16 | 0.20 | 10 |
Notes:
1. f as indicated in the frequency range column.
2. For frequencies of 100 kHz to 10 GHz, the average of Seq, E2, H2 , and B2, must be calculated over a period of any six minutes.
3. For frequencies greater than 10 GHz, the average of Seq, E2, H2 , and B2, must be calculated over a period of any 68 /f1.05 minutes (f in GHz).
4. No E-field value is offered for < 1 Hz frequencies. Most people will not perceive the surface electrical charges with field resistances of less than 25 kV/m. In any case, sparks, which cause stress or discomfort, should be avoided.
Note: No higher reference levels are indicated for exposure to extremely low frequency (FEB) fields when exposures are short-lived (see note 2 in Table 1). In many cases, when the measured values exceed the reference level, it is not necessarily deduced that the basic restriction has been exceeded. Provided that the negative health impacts of the indirect effects of exposure (such as microshocks) can be avoided, it is recognised that reference levels may be exceeded, provided that the basic restriction on the exposure to the exposure is not exceeded. Current density.
For peak values, the following reference levels for the electric field intensity (E) (V/m), magnetic field intensity (H) (A/m) and magnetic field induction (B) (µ T) shall be applied:
a) For frequencies up to 100 kHz, the reference peak values are obtained by multiplying the corresponding rms values by the 2 (1,414). For tp duration pulses, the equivalent frequency to be applied should be calculated as f=1/(2tp).
b) For frequencies between 100 kHz and 10 MHz, the reference peak values are obtained by multiplying the corresponding rms values per 10th, where a = [0.665 log (f/105) + 0.176], where f is expressed in Hz.
c) For frequencies between 10 MHz and 300 GHz, peak reference values are obtained by multiplying the corresponding rms values by 32.
Note: as far as frequencies exceeding 10 MHz are concerned, the average Seq calculated in the pulse width should not be greater than 1,000 times the reference levels, or the field intensities should not be greater than the average. 32 times the field intensity reference levels. For frequencies between 0.3 GHz and several GHz, and in relation to the localised exposure of the head, the specific absorption derived from the pulses should be limited to limit or avoid the hearing effects caused by the extension. thermoelastic. In this frequency range, the SA threshold of 4-16 mJ/kg-which is necessary to produce this effect corresponds, for pulses 30 µ s, to maximum SAR values of 130 to 520 W/kg- in the brain. Between 100 kHz and 10 MHz, the peak values of the field intensities are obtained by interpolation from the peak multiplied by 1,5 to 100 kHz to the peak multiplied by 32 to 10 MHz.
3.2 Contact and current streams in extremities: For frequencies up to 110 MHz, additional reference levels are set to avoid hazards due to contact currents. The reference levels of the contact current are given in Table 3. These have been established to take into account the fact that the threshold contact currents that cause biological reactions in adult women and children are approximately two-thirds and half, respectively, of which correspond to adult men.
TABLE 3
Reference levels for contact streams from conductive objects (f in kHz)
|
Gama | Maximum contact current (mA |
|---|---|
| 0 Hz-2.5 kHz | 0.5 |
|
KHz-100 kHz | 0.2 f |
|
| 20 |
For the 10 MHz to 110 MHz frequency range, a reference level of 45 mA is set in terms of current across any extremity. This is intended to limit the SAR located over a period of any six minutes.
4. Exposure to sources with multiple frequencies. In situations where there is simultaneous exposure to fields of different frequencies, account should be taken of the possibility of the effects of these exposures being added. Calculations based on this activity should be done for each effect; therefore, separate assessments of the effects of thermal and electrical stimulation on the body should be performed.
4.1 Basic Restrictions:
In the case of simultaneous exposure to fields of different frequencies, the following criteria must be met as basic constraints.
For electrical estimation, relevant for frequencies of 1 Hz to 10 MHz, the induced current densities must comply with the following:
where:
Ji is the power density at frequency i;
JL, i is the basic stream density constraint at frequency i, as shown in the quadro1;
For thermal effects, relevant from 100 kHz, energy-specific absorption rates and power densities must comply with the following:
where:
SARi is the SAR caused by frequency i exposure;
SARL is the basic SAR constraint listed in Table 1;
Si is the power density at frequency i;
SL is the basic power density constraint in Table 1.
4.2 Reference levels:
1. For the practical application of the basic restrictions, the following criteria relating to the reference levels of the field intensities should be considered.
In relation to induced current densities and electrical stimulation effects, relevant up to 10 MHz, the following two requirements should be applied to the field levels:
where:
Ii is the electric field intensity at frequency i;
EL, i is the electrical field reference level in Table 2;
Hj is the magnetic field density at frequency j;
HL,j is the magnetic field reference level derived from Table 2;
a is 87 V/m and b is 5 A/m (6.25 µ T).
The use of constant values (a and b) above 1 MHz as far as the electric field is concerned, and above 150 kHz as far as the magnetic field is concerned, is due to the fact that the sum is based on densities of Induced current and should not be mixed with the circumstances of thermal effects. The latter is the basis for EL, i and HL, j above 1 MHz and 150 kHz, respectively, as shown in Table 2.
In relation to the thermal effect circumstances, relevant from 100 kHz, the following two requirements must be applied to the field levels:
where:
Ej is the electric field intensity at frequency i;
EL, i is the electrical field reference level in Table 2;
Hj is the magnetic field density at frequency j;
HL, j is the magnetic field reference level derived from Table 2;
c is 87/f1/2 V/m and d 0 ,73 /f A/m, where f is the frequency expressed in MHz.
2. º For the tip current and the contact current, respectively, the following requirements must be applied:
where:
Ik is the limb current component at the k frequency;
IL, k is the reference level of the limb stream, 45 mA;
In is the contact stream component at frequency n;
IC, n is the reference level of the frequency contact stream n (see Table 3);
Previous addition formulas assume the worst phase conditions between the fields. As a result, typical exposure situations may, in practice, lead to less restrictive levels of exposure than are indicated in the formulas corresponding to the reference levels.
5. Measurement methods and references.
As regards the methods of measures, types of instrumentation and other requirements shall be as laid down in the applicable technical standards, with the order of precedence set out in Article 11.
