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Law 29 May 2013 58 - On The Use Law Of Electronic Communications And E - Commerce

Original Language Title: Legge 29 Maggio 2013 N.58 - Legge Sull'uso Delle Comunicazioni Elettroniche E Dell'e - Commerce

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SAN MARINO


We the Captains Regent of the Most Serene Republic of San Marino

In view of article 4 of the Constitutional Law no.185 / 2005 and Article 6 of Qualified Law
186/2005;
Promulgate and publish the following ordinary law approved by the Great and General Council
its meeting on May 23, 2013:

LAW 29 May 2013 58


LAW ON THE USE OF ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS AND COMMERCE DELL'E-




TITLE I ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS
PART I GENERAL PROVISIONS



Art.
1 (Scope)

1. This Act regulates the use of electronic communications exchanged for commercial purposes
.
2. The provisions of this Act shall also apply to contracts concluded by consumers, but without
weaken the rights recognized by the consumer protection rules that are made
prejudice. 3
. The Contracting Parties may agree to exclude the application or modify the effects of
Articles 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15 of this Act.

Art.
2 (Exclusions)

1. The present law does not apply to electronic communications relating to:
a) transactions on regulated markets;
B) foreign exchange transactions;
C) inter-bank payment systems, inter-bank payment agreements or
clearing and regulations relating to transferable securities or other assets or financial instruments;
D) the transfer of security rights in the sale, mortgage, in prison, or in the agreements
repurchase of securities or other assets or securities held with an intermediary
.
2. The present law does not apply to bills of exchange, the promissory notes, the waybills,
to Bills of Lading, the warehouse receipts or other documents or transferable instrument that legitimate
the bearer or beneficiary to demand the delivery of goods or the payment of a sum of money
. 3
. The present law does not apply to notices of disposition contracts
real estate and communications relating to matters covered by family law.
4. Through special delegated decree specific product categories will be identified
why the sales activity will be inhibited by computer.

Art.
3 (Definitions)

1. For the purposes of this Act shall take the following definitions:
(a) "electronic communication" means any legally relevant communication that
parties are required to make or who voluntarily carry through data messages || | connection with the formation or performance of a contract;
(B) "data message" means information created, transmitted, received or stored by electronic
systems, magnetic, optical or similar, including the Electronic Data Interchange
(EDI), electronic mail, telegram, telex and fax;
(C) "electronic data interchange (EDI)" means any transfer of information
between two information systems in an agreed structuring
information;
(D) "sender" of an electronic communication means the party from whom, or on behalf of whom
, electronic communication has been sent or created before being eventually kept
, but also part that acts as an intermediary for the electronic communication
;
(E) "recipient" of an electronic communication means a party to whom the sender
intends to send electronic communication, but also the part that acts as an intermediary for
that electronic communication;
(F) "information system" means a system used to create, send, receive, store or otherwise process
data messages;
(G) "Automated message system" means a computer program, an electronic or automated tool
used for starting a communication or
to respond, in whole or in part, to data messages or operations without the intervention or the control
of a natural person for each communication or response;
(H) "electronic signature" means a set of data in electronic form or content
attached to a data message, or logically connected to it, that can be used to recognize the signer of
message data or to indicate its willingness compared to information
consideration;
(I) "Certificate" means a data message that confirms the connection between the signatory
and the data for the formation of the electronic signature;

(J) "signatory" means a person who holds the data for the formation of the signature and that
acting on its behalf or on behalf of the represented person;
(K) for "provider of the certification service" or certifier means a person who issues
certificates and may provide other services related to electronic signatures;
(L) "Party making custody" means a person who can act on the basis of a certificate or an electronic signature
.

Art. 4
(Determination of headquarters, residence or domicile)

1. An unsuitable constitutes place of business, residence or domicile for the sole reason that:
a) there are located the equipment and supporting technologies to the information system used by a
part for the formation of the contract;
B) from the site other parties can access this information system.
2. The mere fact that a party uses a domain name or an e-mail address
linked to a particular geographical area does not create a presumption that its
office, residence or domicile is located within the geographical territory.

Art. 5
(Reporting obligations)

1. Nothing in this law amends the application of legal rules
oblige the parties to communicate their identity, their place of business or any other
information, or requiring special forms for communication of contractual clauses nor it is
aimed at limiting the legal liability of the party who provides false statements, inaccurate or incomplete
in this regard.
PART II


ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS
Art. 6
(legal recognition)

1. The legal validity or effectiveness of an electronic communication or a contract
can not be denied solely because of their electronic form.
2. The validity or effectiveness of information can not be denied on the sole ground that
this is not directly contained in the appropriate electronic notice to produce its effects
, when the information is only called in the data message . 3
. Nothing in this Act requires a party to use or accept
the use of electronic communications, but the consent of the party for such use may be inferred from his
behavior.

Art. 7
(Written form)

1. If the law provides for the requirement of written form for the validity or proof of a statement
or a contract, or providing consequences for the absence of writing, this requirement
is satisfied by an electronic communication if the information contained in it is
accessible for future reference.

Art. 8
(Original)

1. If the law provides that a statement or a contract is performed or
preserved in their original form, or provides consequences for the absence of the original, that requirement is met by an electronic communication
:
a) if it is provided reliable guarantee the integrity of the content of the communication as it
was created for the first time in its final form, as an electronic communication or other
; and
b) if, when you request the availability of the information contained herein, such information may
be presented to the person to whom it must be made available.
2. For the purposes of point a) of paragraph 1:
a) the information is believed to be intact if it is complete and if it was not altered, except
additions and amendments made in the normal course of transmission, storage and
performance; and
b) the level of reliability required shall be assessed taking into account the purpose for which the information
was created and any other relevant circumstances.

Art. 9
(Evidentiary)

1. All electronic communication has probative value. This probative
is assessed according to the reliability of the method of creation, storage or transmission of
electronic communication, according to the reliability of the method that ensures the integrity
information, the mode of identification of the sender and to any other relevant factor.
2. The probative force of an electronic communication can not be denied:
a) only because of its electronic form;
or b) if it is the best evidence of which the party can reasonably available, the fact that
communication is not in its original form.

Art. 10
(Conservation)

1. Where the law requires that documents, records or information be retained, that
requirement is satisfied in the case of use of electronic communications if the following conditions are met
:

A) the information contained therein is available for further consultation; and
b) electronic communication is preserved in the form in which it was created, sent or received, or
in a format that accurately represents the information created, sent or received;
and c) the information needed to determine the origin and destination of the electronic communications
, the date and time when it was sent or received, if any, have been preserved
.
2. The obligation to retain documents, records or information in accordance with paragraph 1 of this Article
, does not extend to information that have the sole aim of
allow the sending or receipt of an electronic communication. 3
. The requirements set out in paragraph 1 of this Article may be satisfied by resorting to
third party services, and provided that the conditions referred to in subparagraphs a), b) and c) of the same paragraph
.

Art. 11
(Attribution)

1. An electronic communication is attributed to the originator if it was sent by him.
2. As pertains to the relationship between sender and receiver, an electronic communication
is attributed to the sender if it was sent:
a) by a person authorized to act on behalf of the sender in relation to the electronic communications
;
or b) by an information system programmed by the consignor or on its behalf to operate automatically
. 3
. As pertains to the relationship between sender and recipient, a recipient can be attributed
an electronic communication to the sender and act accordingly:
a) if it has properly applied a procedure laid down in order to ensure that communication
e came from the sender to the sender had previously agreed;
B) if the received electronic communication is the result of the operations carried out by a third,
authorized by the sender or a person authorized to have access to the method used by the sender
due to electronic communication.
4. Paragraph 3 of this Article shall not apply:
a) if the addressee has been advised by a purported sender that communication electronics
he was not attributable and the recipient had a margin of sufficient time for
act accordingly;
or b) in cases referred to in paragraph 3, letter b), each time the recipient knew or should have know
, with the use of ordinary diligence or using an agreed procedure, that the
electronic communication was not attributable to the originator.
5. When an electronic communication has been sent or is deemed sent by the sender, or
where the recipient can presume it is, the recipient can be considered that the
received communication is what the sender intended to send and can act accordingly.
The recipient is not authorized to do so if he knew or should have known, with the use of ordinary diligence or
using an agreed procedure, that there had been an error in the transmission
electronic communication received.
6. The recipient may treat each electronic communication received
as a distinct communication and to act accordingly, unless it is a duplicate of
other communication and the recipient knew or should have known, with the '
use of ordinary diligence or using an agreed procedure, that the electronic communication was an
duplicate.

Art. 12
(Time and place of dispatch and receipt)

1. The time of dispatch of an electronic communication is the time when this
communication leaves the information system placed under the control of the sender or the party that
sent it on behalf of the sender or, if electronic communication is not comes from information
system placed under the control of the sender or of the party who sent it on behalf of the sender, the
time when the same is received.
2. The time of receipt of an electronic communication sent to the e
chosen by the addressee is the time when the recipient can access the communication.
The time of receipt of an electronic communication sent to another email address of the recipient
is the time when the recipient can access the communication and learning
sending of electronic communication. In both cases, it is assumed that the recipient can access e
communication when it comes to its electronic address. 3
. An electronic communication shall be deemed sent from the place where the sender has its
office, residence or domicile and received believes in the place where the customer has its headquarters,

Residence or domicile, as defined by the criteria of Article 4 of this Act and any other applicable rules
relevant law.
4. Paragraph 2 of this Article shall apply notwithstanding that the place where is located the system information
attached to the email is different from the place where it is considered received the
electronic communication, pursuant to paragraph 3 of this Article .

Art. 13
(Return Receipt)

1. Paragraphs 2-4 of this Article shall apply in the event that, at the time of
of electronic communication, or at an earlier time, the sender has requested or
agreed with the recipient to send a return receipt.
2. If the sender has not agreed with the recipient any form or particular method for
provide an acknowledgment of receipt, the receipt can be confirmed:
a) with any type of communication, automatic or not, sent by the recipient, or
b) any conduct of the appropriate recipient to indicate to the sender that the e
communication was received. 3
. If the sender has indicated that the effectiveness of electronic communication is subject
acknowledgments of receipt, electronic communication shall be deemed sent upon receipt
return receipt.
4. If the sender does not state that the effectiveness of electronic communication is subject
acknowledgments of receipt and the return receipt is not received by the sender within the time allowed or
agreed, or within a reasonable time if no deadline has been specified, the sender:
a) can inform the recipient that no acknowledgment of receipt has been received indicating a
reasonable period within which the confirmation of receipt of electronic communications
must be received;
and b) if the receipt is not received within the period referred to in subparagraph a) may, by notifying the recipient
, consider electronic communication as unused, or exercise other rights
you might have.
5. If the receipt is received by the recipient to the sender, it is assumed that the recipient has received
its electronic communication. That presumption does not imply that the
electronic communication sent corresponds to that receipt.
6. If the acknowledgment of receipt indicates that electronic communication has agreed requirements
or required by regulation or the applicable technical standards, it is presumed that those requirements have been met
.
7. This article shall govern the legal consequences arising from the Communication Electronic
or its return receipt only concerning the sending or receiving
of electronic communication.


PART III CONTRACTS CONCLUDED BY ELECTRONIC

Art. 14
(Invitation to propose)

1. A proposal for concluding a contract made through one or more electronic communications
not addressed to one or more specific parties, but generally accessible to more
parties that use information systems, including proposals that use interactive applications
to place orders through such information systems, it should be considered as an invitation to propose
unless it clearly indicates the intention to bind the proponent in case of acceptance
.

Art.
15 (Use of automated message systems for the formation of contracts)

1. The validity or effect of a contract concluded through the interaction of an automated
system messages and a natural person or by the interaction of automated systems
of messages can not be denied on the sole ground that a natural person not intervened or
has not verified the individual transactions carried out by the systems or the contract thus concluded.

Art.
16 (Error in electronic communications)

1. Where a natural person commits a material error in an electronic communication
exchanged with an automated message of the other party and this system does not provide
the opportunity to correct that error, that person, or on behalf of which the
itself has acted, have the right to cancel the part of electronic communication containing the error if:
a) the person, or the party on whose behalf the same acted, informs the other party of the error | || as soon as he becomes aware stated that she had made a mistake in
electronic communication; and
b) the person, or the party on whose behalf the same was acting, has not used, nor has any stretch
material advantage or benefit from the goods and services that may be received from the counterparty.
2. The provisions of this Article shall not affect other legal rules

Error, except as provided in paragraph 1 of this article.
TITLE II ELECTRONIC SIGNATURE


PART I GENERAL PRINCIPLES



Art.
17 (Equal treatment of electronic signature techniques)

1. Nothing in this Act excludes, reduces or no legal effect a
any electronic signature creation method that meets the requirements of Article 18, paragraph 1
, or that otherwise meets the statutory requirements.
2. This Act does not limit the possibility for the parties to choose the methods of creation of electronic signature
to use in their reports, nor the faculty of Public Administration
choose the electronic signature creation methods to be used in relations between public offices and
with the users of public services.

Art. 18
(for electronic signature requirements)

1. If the law provides that a statement or a contract to be signed by a party, or
provides consequences for the absence of signature, that requirement is satisfied by an electronic communication if
:
a) uses a method to identify the party and to express the will of the same
with respect to the content of electronic communication;
and b) if the method used:
i) it is adequate and reliable than the purpose for which the electronic communication is
was created or sent, taking into account all the circumstances, including the agreements between the parts;

Or ii) it has been provided with evidence by means of the same signature method used
or together with other evidence, that the method has in fact carried out the duties set out in point i), letter b) the
this paragraph.
2. An electronic signature is presumed reliable for the purpose of satisfaction of the requirements referred to in paragraph 1 if
:
a) data for the formation of the signature, in the context in which they are used, are
exclusively to the signatory; and
b) data for the formation of the signing were, at the time of signing, under the exclusive control of the signatory
;
and c) it is possible to detect any alteration made to the electronic signature after the time of signing
; and
d) in the case where the purpose of the legal requirement is to ensure information integrity
to which it refers, it is possible to detect any alteration made to the information after the affixing of
signature. 3
. Paragraph 2 of this Article shall not preclude:
a) to establish in any other way the reliability of the electronic signature, in order to meet the requirements
under paragraph 1;
or b) to try the non-reliability of an electronic signature.

Art.
19 (Determination of the alleged reliable electronic signatures)

1. The Authority for Information pursuant to Law 70 of May 23, 1995, and subsequent amendments and additions
can determine which electronic signatures satisfy the requirements of
Article 18, paragraph 2 of this Act . With special delegated decree will be made
changes to the law n.70 / 1995 in order to update its provisions.
2. Any determination made pursuant to paragraph 1 of this Article shall take account of international technical standards
. 3
. This Article does not affect the effectiveness of private international law rules.

Art.
20 (Conduct of signatory)

1. The signer of the electronic signature has the burden to:
a) to use the necessary precautions to prevent unauthorized use of your data for creating
electronic signature;
B) promptly use the resources made available by the certification
in accordance with Article 24 of this Law or in any case promptly notify and diligently
every person he can reasonably be expected reliance on the electronic signature or
provide the support electronic signature services if:
i) the signatory knows that the data for the formation of the signature were compromised;
or ii) the circumstances known to the signatory allow to conclude that there is a risk that the data
for the formation of the signature may have been compromised;
C) if there is a certificate in support of the electronic signature, use the precautions necessary to ensure that all essential
statements made by him in relation to the certificate during
throughout its duration, or to be included in the same certificate, is accurate and complete.

Art.
21 (Conduct of the party making reliance)

1. The part belonging to rely on the electronic signature or a certificate has the burden to:
a) take reasonable steps to verify the reliability of the electronic signature; or

B) if there is a certificate in support of an electronic signature, take reasonable steps to:
i) verify that the certificate is valid and has not been suspended or withdrawn; and
ii) take account of any limitations on the certificate.

Art.
22 (Recognition of foreign certificates and electronic signatures)

1. In determining whether, or to what extent, an electronic signature or a certificate
produce legal effects, are not taken into account:
a) the place where the electronic signature is created or used or the certificate was issued;
or b) the place where the signer or issuer have their headquarters, domicile or residence.
2. An electronic signature created outside the territory of the Republic of San Marino
produces the same legal effect as an electronic signature created or used in the Republic of San Marino
, provided that offers a substantially equivalent level of reliability. 3
. A certificate issued outside the territory of the Republic of San Marino
produces the same legal effect as a certificate issued in the Republic of San Marino, on the condition that
offers a substantially equivalent level of reliability.
4. In determining whether a certificate or an electronic signature offering a level of reliability substantially equivalent
purposes of the second and third paragraphs of this article, we take into account
international technical standards and all other relevant factors.
5. When, in spite of the second, third and fourth of this Article, the parties agree to use
in their relations a certain type of electronic signature or certificate,
it is believed that agreement sufficient to secure the recognition of the electronic signature or certificate
foreigners, unless the electronic signature or certificate should be declared invalid or ineffective because of
applicable law.


PART II CERTIFICATION SERVICES

Art. 23
(certification services)

1. The Authority for Information Technology is responsible for the supervision of the certification
service providers established in the territory of the Republic of San Marino.
2. Subject to paragraph 1 of this Article may be adopted
voluntary accreditation schemes aiming at enhanced levels of certification of services provided
all the conditions related to such schemes are objective, transparent, proportionate and non-discriminatory.

Art.
24 (Conduct of the certification service provider)

1. A certification that provides services to support an appropriate electronic signature to produce legal effects must
:
a) operate in compliance with applicable standards in the industry, including those agreed
voluntarily;
B) to use the necessary precautions to ensure that all essential statements made by him
in relation to the certificate, or that appear in the certificate is accurate and complete
during the whole period of validity of the certificate;
C) provide to all parts forming rely on the certificate reasonably accessible means for
determine, according to the certificate:
i) the identity of the certifier;
Ii) if the signatory identified in the certificate was, at the time of issue, the
control over data for the creation of the signature;
Iii) if the data for the formation of the signature were valid at or before the time of issue of the certificate
;
D) provide all parties forming relying on the certificate, if necessary, means
reasonably available to determine, according to the certificate or otherwise:
i) the method used to identify the signatory;
Ii) the limits relating to the object or the size of the transaction within which it is possible to use the data
for the formation of the signature or certificate;
Iii) if the data for the formation of the signature are valid and have not been compromised;
Iv) any limitation of liability established by the certifier;
V) the means by which the signatory can comply to the letter b) of paragraph 1 of Article 20 of this Law
;
Vi) as to revoke the certificate promptly;
E) use systems, procedures and human resources for the provision of such services.
2. The CA is responsible for the legal consequences caused by conduct not
complies with part 1 of this article.

Art. 25
(Reliability of the certifier) ​​

1. For the purposes of paragraph e) of paragraph 1 of Article 24 of this Law, to determine whether, or to what extent
, systems, procedures and human resources utilized by a supplier of certification services are
reliable, able to take account of the following factors:

A) human and financial resources, including the capital;
B) the characteristics of the hardware and software systems;
C) the procedures used for the treatment of certificates, applications for certificates, and
for the retention of records;
D) the provision of the signatory identified in the certificate and the parties that can make
relying on the certificate of the relevant information for the use of the certificate;
E) the temporal and technical modalities of the checks carried out by an independent body;
F) the existence of a declaration of a state body, a body accredited or
certifying compliance with or existence of the above criteria; or
g) any other relevant factor.
TITLE III ELECTRONIC COMMERCE



Art. 26
(procedures, methods and requirements for the issuance of e-commerce license)

1. For the purposes of this Title, the term "electronic commerce" means any
trade of goods and services of any kind conducted by the use of electronic communications
. The mere electronic presentation of goods or services which do not follow the conclusion of
transactions through the use of electronic communications does not integrate the details of the definition of electronic commerce
.
2. The exclusive exercise of e-commerce can only take place through the issuance of special
commercial license which is released in the manner and form, as
compatible, provided by the Laws n.130 / 2010 and 129/2010 as amended.
Operator are required ex officio particulars under Article 27 of this Law. 3
. The holder of the exclusive license of electronic commerce, whether physical or legal person, can not be
other license holder.
4. The trader carrying out electronic commerce activities is not exclusive, it is required to give notice in writing to the Office
Industry and Commerce of the
electronic commerce conducted by specifying the elements required by Article 27 of
this Act to provide for compulsory registration as set out in that Article.
5. In the case in which the economic operator holding an exclusive license
e-commerce is a legal person, the units or shares of the share capital may be held by
non-resident individuals.
6. The holder of the exclusive license of electronic commerce must have a physical location
situated in the territory of the Republic of San Marino. Such a place, if the activity is to fulfill through
goods deposit must also include the specific use of the same venue for the type of activity carried out
.
7. In the event that the e-commerce business is conducted exclusively and directly, simply
the residential use exclusively for activities with individual license up to a maximum of €
.250.000,00 turnover. Are without prejudice to the powers of control and access to the offices and the Police Forces
according to the rules laid down for the premises of economic operators.
8. Electronic commerce can take place through electronic means, with work
wholesale, retail and services.
9. Disputes relating to the use of electronic communications and electronic commerce
practices are within the jurisdiction of the Single Court - Civil Chamber -
Republic of San Marino which applies borrowing in the first instance the formula of the envisaged expedited || | Article 8 of Law 63/1985.

Art. 27
(of e-commerce activity log)

1. Any activity that carries mode online sales must, sanction worth as next
Article 29, register with the register of e-commerce activity which contains the following elements
:
a) economic operator code ;
B) domain;
C) e-mail addresses, and whether certified;
D) placement of the server;
E) positioning of the operator; if they did not head to a single subject and place
they are also shown separately: the positioning of the customer service center, the center
logistics and management.
2. Indicated the elements referred to in the preceding paragraph shall be issued the number of registration in the register of
e-commerce activities that must be displayed on the site, and the use of own
a special identification mark of the status of Market Participant San Marino e-commerce that
will be established, defining name, graphical and technical iT application content,
by proper delegated decree.

Art.
28 (Obligations of performance and specifications)

1. The economic operator through the use of the network must be made available, in a way

simple, direct and permanent, the following information about their activities:
a) the company name or the company;
B) the number of economic operator code;
C) the registration number to register e-commerce;
D) the logo referred to in Article 27, paragraph 2;
E) the registered office;
F) the contact details through which the customer can contact the seller to get information or to file complaints
. This information includes among others, the address or addresses of electronic
mails, phone numbers and any other means that allow the economic operator
to be contacted rapidly and to communicate in a direct and effective manner;
G) if the activity concerns the wholesale e-commerce, must specify that the sale is
exclusively targeted at operators in possession of VAT or equivalent codes;
H) the selling price must be clearly indicated by specifying whether it amounts
inclusive or less indirect tax on purchases and the shipping cost should be
performed separately;
I) the place from which the good will be sent;
J) where the seller is subject to authorization, indicate the authorities involved to
supervision;
K) where the trader provides services that are part of a regulated profession, the professional institutions
used, in which the economic operator is registered; in this case the economic operator must provide
legal references applicable in the host State.
2. Where a trader sends commercial communications, the manner in which the customer can request
or terminate such items should be easily visible in various parts
of the information system used for electronic commerce. 3
. Electronic communications aimed at promoting the economic operator
goods and services must be clearly recognizable as commercial communications and must
identify the categories of users to which the advertising has created a unit to
each promotional offer.
Art.
29 (Sanctions)

1. The Office of Industry and Commerce shall apply the sanctions provided for by the laws
129/2010 and 130/2010, as amended for the activities engaged in electronic commerce activities
in exclusive form in case not fulfilling the requirements required by the
laws. In the event that the operators operators of e-commerce activities in non-exclusive
shape, not expected to register in the register of e-commerce activity is
imposed an administrative penalty equal to the value of € 500.00.
Enforcement of the sanction must follow the instructions about how to enroll. 30 days after notification of
above instructions proceed to a further administrative penalty equal to the value of €
1,000.00 and after a further 30 days to inhibition of sale of electronic commerce
. The sale was made via electronic means during the inhibit period
involves the application of penalties for conducting activities without a license.

Art.
30 (Repeals)

1. The words "and private" Article 2, paragraph 1 of Law 115 of 20 July 2005 shall be deleted
.
2. They are repealed all provisions contrary to this law.

Art.
31 (Transitional provisions and coordination)

1. All wholesale businesses, retail or service that also carry
online sales methods, must register with the Office of Industry, Commerce and Handicrafts,
in the register of e-commerce activities within and not more than 60 days after the entry into force of this Act
penalty of sanctions provided for in article 29.
2. With special delegated decree will be established and regulated the Agency for Development
Digital, which will go to assume the duties now delegated by this Act to the Authority for
Informatics.

Art.
32 (Entry into force)

1. This Law shall enter into force on the fifth day following that of its legal publication
.

Our Residence, this day of 29 May 2013/1712 dFR

THE CAPTAINS REGENT
Antonella Mularoni - Denis Friends



THE SECRETARY OF STATE FOR INTERNAL AFFAIRS

Gian Carlo Venturini