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About Radiation Safety

Original Language Title: О радиационной безопасности населения

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RUSSIAN FEDERATION FEDERAL LAW On radiation safety of the population Adopted by the State Duma on 5 December 1995 Federal laws of 22.08.2004 N 122-FZ; of 23.07.2008 N 160-FZ; dated 18.07.2011 N 242-FZ; , 19.07.2011 N 248-FZ) This Federal Law defines the legal basis for ensuring the radiation safety of the population in order to protect its health. Chapter 1: GENERAL PROVISIONS Article 1. Key concepts For the purposes of this Federal Law, the following basic concepts are applied: Radiation Safety of the Population (hereinafter referred to as "radiation safety")-the state of protection of present and future generations from harmful to their health effects of ionizing radiation; Ionizing radiation, which is produced by radioactive decay, nuclear transformation, the braking of the charged particles in the substance and forms interaction with the icon environment of different characters; natural Radiation background-radiation dose generated by cosmic radiation and radiation of naturally occurring radionuclides in the ground, water, air, other elements of the biosphere, food and human body; modified radiative background-natural radiation background modified by human activity; effective dose-exposure to ionizing radiation, used as a measure of the risk of remote effects exposure of the human body and of its individual organs, taking into account their radio-sensitivity; Sanitary and Protective Zone-the area around the source of ionizing radiation, which may exceed the prescribed dose limit for people under normal operation of this source Population exposure. The health protection zone prohibits permanent and temporary residence of persons, restrictions of economic activity and radiation control; observation zone-territory outside of the sanitary protection zone, on that is being radiation controlled; worker is a natural person who is permanently or temporarily working directly with sources of ionizing radiation; radiation accident-loss of source control The ionizing radiation caused by the malfunction of the equipment, The actions of workers (staff), natural disasters or other causes that may have led to or resulted in the exposure of people to higher standards or to radioactive contamination of the environment. Article 2. Legal Regulation in the Area of Ensuring Radiation Security 1. The legal regulation in the field of radiation safety is governed by this Federal Law and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, as well as by laws and other normative legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION 2. Federal laws, other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, laws and other regulatory legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation cannot establish norms that reduce the requirements for radiation safety and the guarantees of their security, established by this Federal Act. 3. The generally recognized principles and norms of international law and the international treaties of the Russian Federation in the field of radiation safety are part of the Russian Federation's legal system in accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation. THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION If an international treaty of the Russian Federation sets out rules other than those provided for in the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of radiation safety, the rules of the international treaty shall apply. Article 3. Radiation Safety Principles 1. The basic principles of radiation safety are: rationing principle-not to exceed acceptable limits of individual doses of irradiation of citizens from all sources of ionizing radiation; substantiation principle -Prohibition of all activities on the use of ionizing radiation sources, in which the benefit to the person and society does not exceed the risk of possible harm caused by the additional radiation exposure to the natural radiation background; optimization principle-keep it on as possible The low and achievable level, taking into account the economic and social factors of individual doses of radiation and the number of persons trained in the use of any source of ionizing radiation. 2. In a radiation accident, the radiation safety system of the population is based on the following principles: the intended response to the radiation accident should be more useful than harm; species and the scale of the response to the radiation accident should be implemented in such a way that the benefit of reducing the dose of ionizing radiation, with the exception of the damage caused by the activity, was maximized. Article 4. Radiation-related activities security Radiation safety is ensured by: a set of legal, organizational, engineering, sanitary and hygienic measures Preventive, educational and educational nature; implementation by the federal executive authorities, the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and the local authorities the Government, voluntary associations and other Legal entities and citizens in compliance with rules, regulations and standards in the field of radiation safety; (In the wording of the Federal Law of 22.08.2004 N 122-FZ Information on radiation and radiation safety measures; training of the population in radiation safety. Chapter II: Representatives of the MFA of the Russian Federation to the United Nations: The power of the Russian Federation in the field radiation safety The Russian Federation's radiation safety authorities are: OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION monitoring compliance; development, approval, and Implementation of federal radiation safety programmes; Licensing of ionizing radiation sources; (In the wording of Federal Law from 18.07.2011 N 242-FZ) control of radiation situation in the territory of the Russian Federation and taking into account dose of population exposure; introduction of special modes of residence in radioactive contamination zones; Activities to eliminate the consequences of radiation accidents; organization and conduct of operational activities in the event of the threat of a radiation accident; Ensuring radiation safety; (In the wording of the Federal Law dated 18.07.2011 N 242-FZ) ) information about the radiation situation; establishing procedures for the definition of social guarantees for increased risk of harm to citizens ' health and damage to their property radiation exposure; establishing and operating a unified public system for the health of the health of citizens and the loss of their property as a result of the radiation accident; in the field of radiation safety, including Control and accounting of radiation doses of the population; Regulation of living conditions and special modes of residence in areas contaminated by radiation accidents; Assistance to populations exposed as a result of radiation accidents; Regulation of the export and import of nuclear materials, radioactive substances and other sources of ionizing radiation, as well as control of their export and import; implementation of international cooperation OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION (Article as amended by the Federal Law of 22 August 2004). N 122-FZ Article 6. Authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the field of radiation safety in the field of radiation safety: , in accordance with the provisions of this Federal Law, develop laws and other regulatory legal acts of the subjects of the Russian Federation; develop and implement regional (territorial) programs in the field radiation safety; organizes Control of the radiation situation on the respective territory within the limits of its authority; is involved in organizing and conducting operational activities in the event of a threat of a radiation accident; Conditions for the realization and protection of the rights of citizens and the interests of the State in ensuring radiation safety within their powers; are involved in the implementation of measures to eliminate the consequences of radiation accidents. the appropriate territory; implements other permissions in The areas of radiation safety under the authority of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, which are not within the competence of the Russian Federation. (Article as amended by the Federal Law of 22 August 2004). N 122-FZ Chapter III. PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN THE FIELD OF RADIATION SECURITY. Public oversight in the area of RADIATION. PRODUCTIVE AND PUBLIC CONTROL OF RADIATION (In the wording of Federal Law from 18.07.2011 N 242-FZ) Article 7. The system of executive authorities in the Radiation Safety Area 1. The State administration in the field of radiation safety is carried out by the Government of the Russian Federation and the federal executive authorities in accordance with the provisions of these bodies. (...) (...) N 122-FZ2. (Overtaken by the Federal Law of 18 July 2011). N 242-FZ 3. (Spconsumed by Federal Law of 18 July 2011) N 242-FZ) Article 8. State programs in the field of security radiation safety 1. Federal programmes are being developed to plan and implement radiation safety activities. Federal programmes in the field of radiation safety are drawn up and implemented by the federal executive authorities in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of the Russian Federation. Law of 22.08.2004 N 122-F) 2. Regional (territorial) programs in the field of radiation safety are developed and approved by the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Law of 22.08.2004 N 122-F) 3. The procedure for the development and implementation of state programs in the field of radiation safety is determined by the legislation of the Russian Federation. (In the wording of Federal Law from 22.08.2004. N 122-FZ) Article 9. State rationing in the field of radiation safety 1. State rationing in the field of radiation safety is carried out through the establishment of sanitary rules, norms, hygienic standards, rules of radiation safety, vaults of rules, occupational safety rules and other regulatory documents on radiation safety. Such acts shall not contravene the provisions of this Federal Act. (In the wording of the Federal Law of 190.07.2011) N 248 FZ) 2. Health regulations, norms and hygienic standards in the field of radiation safety are approved in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of the Russian Federation. (In the wording of Federal Law from 19.7.2011. N 248-FZ) The following basic hygienic standards (acceptable levels of doses) of radiation exposure in the territory of the Russian Federation as a result of the use of ionizing radiation sources: for the population The average annual effective dose is 0.001 yevertit or effective dose over the lifetime (70 years) of 0.07 yvert; in individual years, the high value of an effective dose is allowed, provided that the average annual effective dose is calculated over five years consecutive years, does not exceed 0.001 siever; for employees The average annual effective dose is 0.02 zevert or the effective dose during the period of work (50 years); 1-dose-effective exposure to the annual effective dose, up to 0.05 zewert, assuming an annual average effective dose For five consecutive years, it doesn't exceed 0.02 sieverts. Regulated values of the main limits of radiation doses do not include the doses produced by the natural radiation background and the modified radiation background, as well as the doses received by citizens (patients) during medical conduct. Radiology and treatment. These values of radiation dose limits are the reference for the determination of tolerable levels of irradiation of the human body and of individual bodies. In the case of radiation accidents, radiation exposure exceeds the established basic hygienic standards (acceptable dose limits) within a certain time period and within the limits defined by the health standards and regulations. The basic hygienic standards (permissible limits of dose) of the population exposure for certain territories may be modified by the Government of the Russian Federation in the direction of their reduction in accordance with the provisions of this article. Health, environmental, health and human impact of other environmental factors. 3. Radiation safety rules governing the safety requirements for radioactive substances and other sources of ionizing radiation, and other regulatory documents on radiation Security is developed and approved by the federal executive authority for nuclear supervision in accordance with the procedure established by the Government of the Russian Federation. (In the wording of the Federal Law of 190.07.2011) N 248 FZ) 4. (Spconsumed by Federal Law 19.07.2011) N 248-FZ) Article 10. Licensing of activities in the field of radiation sources irradiation 1. Research and development in the field of ionizing radiation sources, design, construction of ionizing radiation sources, construction and manufacturing of technological equipment, Radiation protection equipment as well as work in the field of extraction, production, transportation, storage, use, maintenance, disposal and burial of ionizing radiation sources shall be carried out only on the basis of special authorizations. (Licenses) issued by the competent authorities licensing. 2. Licensing of sources of ionizing radiation is carried out in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of the Russian Federation. Article 10-1. State supervision of security Radiation Safety 1. State oversight of radiation safety is exercised by the federal executive authorities in the exercise of federal State supervision in the field of atomic energy and OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION 2. The provisions of Federal Act No. 294-FZ of 26 December 2008 on protection are applied to relations relating to the exercise of State supervision in the field of radiation safety, the organization and conduct of legal entities. The rights of legal persons and individual entrepreneurs in the exercise of State control (supervision) and municipal control ", taking into account the peculiarities of the organization and carrying out the checks set out in paragraphs 3 to 9 of this article. 3. The subject of verification is the observance by a legal person of the requirements established under the international treaties of the Russian Federation, by this Federal Law, by other federal laws, and by the legal person in the exercise of their activities. In accordance with these regulations, the Russian Federation's radiation safety regulations (hereinafter referred to as mandatory requirements) are adopted by the Russian Federation. 4. The annual plans for the conduct of scheduled inspections for legal entities carrying out activities in the field of nuclear energy are planned to be carried out by the State supervisory bodies referred to in paragraph 1 of this article conducting joint inspections. 5. The basis for the plan to be included in the annual plan is the expiry of two years: (1) from the date of the state registration of the legal person; 2) from the day of the last planned check. 6. The basis for an unscheduled inspection is: 1) the expiry of the period of execution by a legal person of the order issued by the State supervisory authority to remove the detected breach of compulsory requirements; 2) Government supervision of citizens ' appeals and applications, including individual entrepreneurs, legal entities, information from public authorities (public officials), local authorities the media on the facts of the violations Mandatory requirements, where such violations endanger the life, health of persons, the threat of accidents and (or) technogenic emergencies, or cause such harm, the occurrence of an accident and (or) of a man-made emergency; (3) the presence of an order (orders) of the head (deputy head) of the state oversight body issued in accordance with the instructions of the President of the Russian Federation or the Government OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION An exceptional inspection in the context of the supervision of the implementation of the laws on the materials and appeals filed with the prosecution authorities. 7. The period of inspection shall not be more than thirty working days from the date of commencement of the inspection. In exceptional cases involving complex and (or) lengthy research, tests, special examinations and investigations based on reasoned proposals of the officials of the State The inspection period may be extended by the head (s) of this body, but not more than twenty working days. 8. An early retreats on the basis referred to in paragraph 6 (2) of this article may be carried out immediately with the notification of the Public Prosecutor's Office in the manner prescribed by article 10, paragraph 12, of the Federal Act of 26 December 2008. N 294-FZ "On protection of the rights of legal persons and individual entrepreneurs in the exercise of State control (supervision) and municipal control". 9. Pre-notification of a legal person to conduct an unscheduled off-site inspection on the basis referred to in paragraph 6 (2) of this article is not permitted. class="doclink "href=" ?docbody= &prevDoc= 102039034&backlink=1 & &nd=102149703" target="contents "title=" "> from 18.07.2011 N 242-FZ) Article 11. { \field { \cs6\f1\cf6\lang1024 } { \cs6\f1\cf6\lang1024 } { \cs6\f1\cf6\lang1024 The organizations that operate using ionizing radiation sources are responsible for the production control of radiation safety. 2. The procedure for carrying out the production control is determined for each organization, taking into account the peculiarities and conditions of the work performed by the organization, and is coordinated with the executive authorities exercising public administration, state supervision and control in the field of radiation safety. 3. Officials exercising control over radiation safety are entitled to suspend the use of ionizing radiation sources in the detection of violations of the sanitary-epidemiological services. OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION guidance documents in the field of To ensure radiation safety (hereinafter referred to as the rules, regulations and standards) in the organization concerned, until the violations are resolved. (In the wording of the Federal Law of 190.07.2011) N 248-FZ) Article 12. Public associations under the law of the Russian Federation are entitled to exercise public control over the implementation of the rules, regulations and rules of the Russian Federation. Radiation safety standards. Chapter IV: GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR THE RADIATION SECURITY Article 13. Radiation safety assessment 1. In planning and conducting measures to ensure radiation safety, decision-making in the field of radiation safety, analysis of the effectiveness of these activities by the state authorities, local authorities Radiation safety is assessed as a measure of self-government, as well as by organizations working with ionizing radiation sources. 2. The assessment of radiation safety is carried out according to the following main indicators: characteristics of radioactive contamination of the environment; analysis of radiation safety and compliance assurance activities; Regulations and hygienic standards in the field of radiation safety; probability of radiation accidents and their scale; readiness for the effective elimination of radiation accidents and their consequences; exposure of individuals from all sources Ionizing radiation; number of persons exposed above the prescribed limits of radiation doses. The results of the assessment are recorded annually in the organizations, territories and radio-hygienic passports. The procedure for the development of radio-hygienic passports of the organizations and territories is approved by the Government Plenipotentiary of the Russian Federation by the Federal Executive. Federal Law of 23 July 2008 N 160-FZ) Article 14. Requirements for ensuring radiation safety in handling sources ionizing radiation When handling sources of ionizing radiation, the organizations must: comply with the requirements OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION radiation safety; plan and execute Radiation safety activities; conduct work on rationales for the radiation safety of new (modernized) products, materials and substances, process processes and production sources ionizing radiation, for human health; to systematically monitor the radiation situation in the workplace, in the premises, in the territories of the organizations, in the protection zones and in the observation zones, as well as for the release and discharge of radioactive substances; to monitor and account for individual doses of irradiation; conduct training and certification of managers and performers, manufacturing control specialists, other persons who are permanently or temporarily executing Work with ionizing radiation sources, on radiation safety issues; to organize preliminary (on entry to work) and periodic medical examinations of employees (personnel); regularly inform employees (staff) about levels Ionizing radiation in their workplaces and the amount of individual radiation doses received; To inform federal executive authorities in a timely way, OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION security; (In the wording of Federal Law from 18.07.2011 N 242-FZ) To carry out opinions, regulations, orders of officials of the executive authorities exercising public administration, state oversight of the state in the region Ensuring radiation safety; (In the wording of Federal Law of 18 July 2011) N 242-FZ) to ensure the realization of the rights of citizens in the field of radiation safety. Article 15. Radiation protection exposed to natural radionuclides 1. The separation of populations and workers from radon, degradation products, as well as other long-lived natural radionuclides, should not exceed established standards in the residential and industrial premises. 2. In order to protect the population and workers from the influence of natural radionuclides: Land selection for the construction of buildings and structures, taking into account the level of soil radon and gamma-radiation; Design and construction of buildings and structures, taking into account the prevention of arrival of radon into the air; production control of construction materials, acceptance of buildings and buildings into account levels of indoor radon and gamma rays of radionuclides; Buildings and structures taking into account the level of radon in them and the gamma rays of natural radionuclides. 3. If the regulations cannot be met by reducing the level of radon and the gamma-ray radiation of natural radionuclides in buildings and structures, the nature of their use should be changed. 4. It is prohibited to use building materials and products that do not meet the requirements for radiation safety. Article 16. Ensuring radiation safety during food production and drinking water consumption Food raw materials, food, drinking water and manufacturing, the storage, transport and marketing of materials and products must meet the requirements for radiation safety and be subject to production control in accordance with this Federal Law. Article 17. Ensuring the radiation safety of citizens procedures 1. The use of means of protection of citizens (patients) should be used in the conduct of radiology radiological procedures. The radiation radiology procedures of citizens (patients) shall comply with radiation safety regulations, rules and regulations. 2. Upon the request of a citizen (patient), he or she shall be provided with complete information about the expected or the radiation dose he receives and the possible consequences in the conduct of medical radiology procedures. 3. A citizen (patient) has the right to refuse medical radiology procedures, except for preventive research carried out to detect diseases dangerous in epidemiological terms. Article 18. Control and accounting of individual doses of radiation Control and accounting of individual doses of radiation received by citizens in the use of ionizing radiation sources, medical radiology procedures, and The natural radiation and technologically altered radiation background is carried out within the framework of the unified state control system and the treatment of individual doses of irradiation created in the order determined by the Government of the Russian Federation. THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION Chapter V. ENSURE RADIATION SAFE SAFETY ACCIDED Article 19. Protection of the population and workers (personnel) from the radiation accident of the Organization in which radiation accidents may occur are obliged to have: list of potential radiation accidents with a forecast Effects and prediction of radiation situation; criteria for decision-making in the event of a radiation accident; action plan for the protection of workers (personnel) and the population from the radiation accident and its consequences, it has been agreed with the local government bodies, the executive authorities, State supervision in the field of radiation safety; (In the wording of the Federal Law 18/07/2011 N 242-FZ) means for alerting and ensuring the elimination of consequences of the radiation accident; medical means of preventing radiation injuries and means of providing medical assistance to victims of a radiation accident; emergency units created from employees (personnel). Article 20. Responsibilities of organizations carrying out ionizing radiation activities by providing radiation safety in the radiation crash In the case of radiation accident the organization carrying out activities using sources of ionizing radiation is obliged: to ensure the implementation of measures to protect workers (personnel) and the population from the radiation accident and its accident Effects; to inform the authorities about the radiation accident State authorities, including the federal executive authorities, exercising state oversight in the field of radiation safety, as well as local authorities, the population of the territories on which it is possible High exposure; (In the wording of Federal Law No. of 187.2011) N 242-FZ) take measures to provide medical assistance to victims of radiation accidents; localize the hotspot of radioactive contamination and prevent the spread of radioactive substances in the environment; to analyze and prepare a forecast of the development of radiation accident and changes in the radiation situation during the radiation accident; to take measures to normalize the radiation situation in the territories of organizations operating in the region. using sources of ionizing radiation, After the elimination of the radiation accident. Article 21. The planned increased exposure of citizens, of the consequences of the radiation accident 1. The planned increased exposure of citizens involved in radiation accident, rescue and decontamination effects may be due only to the need to save people and (or) to prevent even more radiation theirs. The exposure of citizens to the effects of radiation accidents should not exceed by more than 10 times the annual average of the basic hygienic standards for workers (personnel) established by article 9 of the present report Federal law. 2. The planned increased exposure of citizens to the effects of radiation accidents is permitted once during their lifetime with the voluntary consent and preliminary information on potential exposures and health risks. 3. Social safeguards for increased risk and compensation for harm caused by the health of persons employed to carry out these works are established by the legislation of the Russian Federation. class="ed"> (In the Federal Law of 22.08.2004) N 122-FZ Chapter VI. RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF CITIZENS AND OF THE PUBLIC ASSOCIATION OF RADIATION SECURITY Article 22. Citizens of the Russian Federation, foreign citizens and stateless persons living in the territory of the Russian Federation have the right to radiation safety. This right is ensured through a set of measures to prevent radiation exposure to ionizing radiation above the established norms, rules and regulations, and compliance by citizens and organizations. The activities carried out with the use of ionizing radiation sources and radiation safety requirements. Article 23. The right of citizens and public associations to receive information Citizens and public associations are entitled to receive objective information from the source organization ionizing radiation, within the limits of its radiation functions and measures taken to ensure radiation safety. Article 24. Providing access to the territory of the activity activity using sources of ionizing radiation Representatives of public associations have access to The organization carrying out activities with the use of ionizing radiation sources, in the order and under the conditions set by the legislation of the Russian Federation. Article 25. social support for citizens living in the territories adjacent to the organizations activity using sources of ionizing radiation (B Federal Law of 22.08.2004 N 122-FZ ) Citizens living in the territories adjacent to the organizations that operate with ionizing radiation sources and where there is a possibility of exceedance By this Federal Law of the main limits of dose, they are entitled to social support. The procedure for granting social support is established by law. (In the wording of Federal Law of 22.08.2004) N 122-FZ) Article 26. The right of citizens to compensation for damage, to their life and to health, resulting from radiation exposure to ionizing radiation, and the radiation of the accident, and to compensation for their injuries damages 1. Citizens have the right to compensation for harm caused to their life and health, and (or) to compensate them for the losses caused by exposure to ionizing radiation in excess of the basic dose limits established by this Federal Law, OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION 2. In the event of a radiation accident, citizens have the right to compensation for harm caused to their life and health, and (or) to compensate them for the damage they caused in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation. Article 27. Citizens of the Russian Federation, foreign citizens and stateless persons living in the territory of the Russian Federation are obliged to: requirements for radiation safety; to conduct or participate in radiation safety activities; to comply with the requirements of the federal executive authorities, implementing State administration, public oversight in the of the Russian Federation and the authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and the local authorities for radiation safety. (In the wording of Federal Law No. N 242-FZ Chapter VII. RESPONSIBILITY FOR INCOMPLETION RADIATION SECURITY REQUIREMENTS Article 28. Liability for failure or for breach of security requirements radiation safety 1. The perpetrators of non-compliance or violations of the requirements for radiation safety are liable under Russian law. (In the wording of Federal Law from 22.08.2004. N 122-F) 2. The fines for administrative offences in the area of radiation safety may be imposed by officials of the federal executive authority exercising public authority, public supervision and control of the offence. of the Russian Federation in the field of radiation safety, within their powers and in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of the Russian Federation. 3. The imposition of a fine does not exempt those responsible from the duty of removal of the violations, compensation for harm caused to the life and health of the citizens, and (or) damages suffered, as well as damages to legal persons The result of the radiation accident. Chapter VIII. FINAL PROVISIONS Article 29. The entry into force of this Federal Law is 1. This law shall enter into force on the date of its official publication. 2. The paragraphs of the second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh paragraph 2 of article 9 of this Federal Act are effective 1 January 2000. Article 30. To bring the normative legal acts into line with this Federal law Propose to the President of the Russian Federation and instruct the Government of the Russian Federation to bring its regulatory legal framework into law. Acts under this Federal Act within three months from the date of its entry into force. President of the Russian Federation Yeltsin Moscow, Kremlin 9 January 1996 N 3-FZ