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Law No. 58 1 May 1934 On The Bills Of Exchange And Promissory

Original Language Title:  LEGE nr. 58 din 1 mai 1934 asupra CAMBIEI şi BILETULUI LA ORDIN

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LEGE no. 58 58 of 1 May 1934 (* updated *) on CAMBIA and the TICKET TO ORDER (updated until February 15, 2013 *)
ISSUER PARLIAMENT




---------------- *) The updated form of this normative act until February 15, 2013 is carried out by the legal department of S.C. "Territorial Center of Electronic Computing" S.A. Piatra-Neamt by including all the changes and additions made by: ORDINANCE no. 11 11 of 4 August 1993 ; LAW no. 83 83 of 6 October 1994 ; EMERGENCY ORDINANCE no. 39 39 of 26 March 2008 ; LAW no. 163 163 of 8 May 2009 ; LAW no. 76 76 of 24 May 2012 ** **). The content of this act is not an official document, being intended to inform users **) NOTE C.T.C.E. S.A. Piatra-Neamt: According to 2 2 of art. I of ORDINANCE no. 4 4 of 16 January 2013 , published in MONITORUL OFFICIAL no. 43 43 of 19 January 2013, Law no. 76 76 of 24 May 2012 ,, published in the Official Gazette no. 365 of May 30, 2012, which also causes changes to other normative acts, comes into force on February 15, 2013, with a few exceptions. + Title I About cambie + Chapter I About the issuance and shape of the + Article 1 The Cambia comprises: 1. The name of the cambie passed in the very text of the title and expressed in the language used for the drafting of this title. 2. Unconditional order to pay a determined amount. 3. The name of the one who must pay (pulled), namely the name and surname, in the clear, of the individual, namely the name of the legal person or entity that undertakes. If the name of the carriage exceeds the space allocated by the title, the first characters of the name and surname, respectively of the name of the carriage, within the limit of the specially allocated space, will be entered on the cambie, without this being called nullity cambia; ---------- Item 3 of art. 1 1 has been amended by section 1 1 of art. unique from LAW no. 163 163 of 8 May 2009 , published in MONITORUL OFFICIAL no. 322 322 of 14 May 2009, amending section 1 1 of art. I of EMERGENCY ORDINANCE no. 39 39 of 26 March 2008 , published in MONITORUL OFFICIAL no. 284 284 of 11 April 2008. 3 3 ^ 1. The code of the carriage, respectively a unique identification number provided for in the identification or registration documents of the carriage; ---------- Item 3 ^ 1 of art. 1 1 has been introduced by section 2 2 of art. unique from LAW no. 163 163 of 8 May 2009 , published in MONITORUL OFFICIAL no. 322 322 of 14 May 2009, which supplements art. I of EMERGENCY ORDINANCE no. 39 39 of 26 March 2008 , published in MONITORUL OFFICIAL no. 284 284 of 11 April 2008, with point 1 1 ^ 1. 4. Showing the maturities. 5. Arsing the place where payment must be made. 6. The name of which or at the order of which payment must be 7. Showing the date and place of issue. 8. Signature of the one issuing the cambia (shooter). + Article 2 The title to which any of the conditions referred to in the preceding article are missing shall not be the value of a net, except in the cases shown in the following paragraphs: The cambia without showing the maturities is reckoned payable in plain sight. In the absence of a special showing, the place shown next to the name of the carriage is counted place of payment and, at the same time, place of the house of the carriage. The cambia that does not show the place where it was issued is counted in the place shown next to the shooter's name. If several places of payment are shown in the pantry, the owner of the cambia can present it for acceptance or payment at any of these places. + Article 3 Cambia can be at the behest of the shooter himself It can be drawn on the shooter himself. It can be drawn for a tertium's account. + Article 4 Cambia can be paid at the home of a third, either in the locality where the trace domiciles or in another locality. If in the cambie it is not foreseen by the shooter that the payment will be made at the home of the third, it is assumed that it will be made by the latter. + Article 5 In a cambie payable in sight or at a certain time from view, the shooter may stipulate that the amount will be producing interest. In any other cambie this stipulation is reckoned unwritten. The interest rate will have to be shown in the cambie; in the absence of this show the stipulation is counted unwritten. Dobinda flows from the date of the cambia show if another date is not shown. + Article 6 If in a cambie the amount of payment is written in letters and in figures, in case of distinction, the amount of payment is the one written in letters. If the payment amount is written several times, either in letters or in figures, in case of distinction, the amount of payment is the lowest amount. + Article 7 If the cambia carries signatures of people incapable of forcing themselves through the cambie, false signatures or signatures of imaginary persons, or signatures that for any other reason could not compel the people who signed the cambia, or on behalf of to which it has been signed, the bonds of the other signatories remain valid. + Article 8 ((. Any cambial signature shall include: a) in the clear, the name and surname of the natural person or the name of the legal entity or of the undertaking b) the handwritten signature of the natural person, respectively of the legal representatives or of the powers of legal entities that oblige or of the representatives or of the powers of other categories of entities that use such instruments. (2) By exception to the provisions of par. (1), by the signature of the carriage means the handwritten signature of the natural person having the quality of the pulled or, as the case may be, of the legal representative or the authorized person of the carriage, the natural person, the legal person or entity that accepts the payment of the bills. ---------- Article 8 has been amended by section 6.6. 2 2 of art. unique from LAW no. 163 163 of 8 May 2009 , published in MONITORUL OFFICIAL no. 322 322 of 14 May 2009, which supplements art. I of EMERGENCY ORDINANCE no. 39 39 of 26 March 2008 , published in MONITORUL OFFICIAL no. 284 284 of 11 April 2008, with point 1 1 ^ 2. + Article 9 Whoever puts his signature on the cambie as a representative of a person for whom he did not have the power to work, is kept personally under the cambia and, if he has paid, has the same rights that the alleged representative would have had. The same rule applies to the representative who exceeded his power. + Article 10 Any person can legally bind himself through the trustee, even if the mandate is designed in general terms regarding the right of the trustee to issue or sign the bills. + Article 11 The shooter responds to acceptance and payment. He may discharge the liability of acceptance; any clause by which the payment liability is discharged shall be deemed unwritten. + Article 12 If a pantry, blank at issue, was completed without regard to the intervening agreements, the non-observation of these agreements will not be able to be opposed to the owner, outside only if he has acquired the cambia in bad faith, or if he has committed a Serious mistake in acquiring her. The holder of the decade of the right to complete the cambia in white after three years from the date of the cambia Such revocation is not opposable to the owner of good faith, to whom the title has been submitted completed. + Chapter II About gir + Article 13 Cambia, even if not expressly drawn to the order, is transmissible through gir. If the shooter entered the cambie the words: "not to order" or equivalent expressure, the title is transmissible only in the form and with the effects of an ordinary assignment. The endorsement can even be done for the benefit of the carriage, whether it has accepted or not, of the shooter or of any other obliged. They can make the cambia out again. + Article 14 The endorsement must be unconditional. Any condition to which he would be subject shall be deemed unwritten. The partial endorsement is null. The "bearer" endorsement is equivalent to a white gir. + Article 15 The endorsement must be written on the cambie; it must be signed by the guarantor. The endorsement is valid even if the beneficiary is not mentioned or the guarantor has only put the signature (gir in white). In the latter case, the endorsement to be valid, must be written on the cambie. ------------ Article 15 has been amended by section 6.6. 2 2 of art. I of EMERGENCY ORDINANCE no. 39 39 of 26 March 2008 , published in MONITORUL OFFICIAL no. 284 284 of 11 April 2008. + Article 16 The endorsement conveys all rights arising from the cambie. If the endorsement is in white the holder may: 1 1) to complete it with its own name or with the name of another person; 2 2) to make the cambia again in white or in the order of a particular person; 3 3) to hand over the cambia to a tertium without completing the girul in white and without giving it out. + Article 17 The guarantor, if not stipulated otherwise, is responsible for acceptance and payment. He can ban a new gir; in this case he does not respond to the people to whom the cambia was later endorsed. + Article 18 The owner of a plain is counted as a legitimate owner, if he justifies his right through an uninterrupted series of endorsements, even if the last gir is in white. The deleted endorsements shall be counted, in this regard, unwritten. If a gir in white is followed by another gir, its signatory is reckoned to have acquired the cambia by the effect of a gir in white. If a person has lost, by any chance, the possession of a shirt, the new owner who justifies his right in the way shown in the preceding paragraph, is not wanted to surrender the cambia, except if he has acquired it in bad faith, or if he has enjoyed a Serious mistake in her endowment. + Article 19 Persons against whom cambiala action has started cannot oppose the owner of the exceptions based on their personal relationships, with the shooter or previous owners, outside only if the owner acquiring the cambia worked with the science in damage. the debtor. + Article 20 If the endorsement includes mention "value for cover", for "collection", "for proxy", or any other mention involving a simple mandate, the holder may exercise all rights arising from the cambie, but can endorse it only with the title of procure. Those obliged may not oppose in this case the owner except the exceptions that could have opposed the guarantor. The mandate contained in a "proxy" gir shall not cease by the death of the mandant, by failing or restricting its capacity. + Article 21 If the endorsement includes the mention "value in guarantee", "value in pledge" or any other mention involving a pledge, the holder may exercise all rights arising from the cambie, but a gir made by him is counted as made with the title of proxy. Those obliged cannot oppose the holder of the exceptions based on their personal relations with the guarantor, except if the holder, receiving the cambia, worked with the science in the debtor's damage. + Article 22 The posterior girul maturity produces the same effects as a previous gir. However, the endorsement made posterior to the protest of non-payment, or made after the passage of the term for the making of the protest, produces only the effects of an ordinary assignment. The endorsement without the date is counted, until proof of the contrary, as being made before the passage of the deadline set for the making of the protest. + Article 23 By the assignment of the cambia, deriving either from a gir made posterior to the non-payment protest or after the expiry of the term for the making of the protest, or from a separate act, even before the maturity, the creditor shall be transmitted all the cambiale the transferor, who will be able to oppose all his opposable exceptions, the transferee having the right to surrender the cambia. + Chapter III About acceptance + Article 24 The owner of the cambia or even a simple holder, can present the carriage, until the maturity, the cambia for acceptance, at his home. + Article 25 In any cambie the shooter may stipulate that she will have to be presented for acceptance, fixing or not a term for presentation. He may prohibit in the cambie the presentation to acceptance, except only if the cambia is payable to a tertium or is payable in a locality other than that of the house of the carriage, or if it is payable at a certain time from view. He can also stipulate that the presentation to acceptance will not be able to take place before a given date. Apart from the case when the shooter banned the presentation for acceptance, any of the guarantors may stipulate that the cambia will have to be presented for acceptance, setting or not a deadline for presentation. + Article 26 The cambia payable at a certain time from view must be presented for acceptance within one year from the date of the issue. The shooter may reduce or extend this term. These deadlines may be reduced by the guarantors. + Article 27 The Trace can ask for a second presentation to be made on the day after the first presentation. Those interested cannot take advantage of the non-observation of this request, if it is not mentioned in the protest. The owner is not obliged to leave the trail of the cambia presented for acceptance. + Article 28 Acceptance is written on the cambie. It is expressed by the word "accepted" or any other equivalent expression; it is signed by the shooter. The simple signature of the carriage placed on the face of the cambia is counted acceptance. When the cambia is payable to a certain time from view, or when it must be presented for acceptance within a time limit set by a special clause, acceptance must bear the date of the day when it is made, except if the possessor demands that it be Date of presentation day. If the acceptance is not dated, the holder, in order to preserve the right of regression against the guarantors and against the shooter, must ask to find this lack through a timely protest. + Article 29 Acceptance must be unconditional; the trace can, however, narrow it down to some of the amount. Any other amendment made by acceptance, to those contained in the cambie, is counted as refusal of acceptance. The accepting remains, however, held within the limits of this acceptance. + Article 30 If the shooter showed in the cambie a place of payment, other than that of the house of the carriage, without however showing a tertium to which the payment must be made, the trace will be able to show it with acceptance. In the absence of an atari showing, the acquirer is reckoned that he has obliged to pay himself at the place of payment. When the cambia is payable at the home of the carriage, it can show in acceptance an address in the same locality where the payment must be made. + Article 31 By accepting the trace undertakes to pay the cambia at maturity. In case of non-payment the owner, even if he is a shooter, has against the acquirer a direct cambial action for everything that can be required under art. 53 53 and 54. The trace who accepted remains obliged even if he had no knowledge of the shooter's bankruptcy. + Article 32 If the acceptance written on the cambie by the shooter is deleted by him, before the return of the title, the acceptance is counted refused. The deletion shall be counted until proof of the contrary that it was made before the refund of the title. However, if the trace has brought, by writing, to the knowledge of the owner or any other signatory that he has accepted, he is being held to them within the limits of this acceptance. + Chapter IV About downstream + Article 33 The payment of a home can be guaranteed by a downstream for the entire amount or only for some of it. This guarantee can be given by a tertium or even a signatory of the cambia. + Article 34 The damage is on the cambie or the adaus. It is expressed by the words "for the downstream" or by any other equivalent formula and is signed by the avalist. The damage is counted as follows from the simple signature of the avalanche put on the face of the cambia, outside only if the signature is of the carriage or the shooter. The Aval has to show for who it is given. In the absence of this show it is counted given for the shooter. + Article 35 The avalist is held in the same way as the one he vouched for. His bond is valid even if the bond he guaranteed would be null and void from any cause other than a lithium of form. When the avalist pays the cambia, he acquires the rights arising from it against the guaranteed one, as well as against those who are held to the latter, under the cambia. + Chapter V About maturity + Article 36 A cambie can be pulled: In sight; At a certain time from view; At a certain time from the issue date; On a fixed day. Bills with other maturities or with successive maturities are void. + Article 37 The cambia in sight is payable at the presentation. It shall be submitted for payment within one year of its date. The shooter may reduce or extend this term. These deadlines may be reduced by the guarantors. The shooter may stipulate that a cambie payable in plain sight should not be presented for payment before a given date. In this case the term of presentation flows from this date. + Article 38 The maturity of a plain at a certain time from view is determined, either by the date of acceptance or by that of the protest. In the absence of protest, the ungiven acceptance is counted against the acquirer as being made on the last day of the term provided for presentation to acceptance. + Article 39 The maturity of a shirt drawn at one or more months from the date of the issue or from the sight, is counted at the appropriate date, from the month in which the payment must be made. In the absence of due date, the maturity will be on the last day of this month. When a cambie is pulled to one or more months and a half from the date or from the sight, it is counted first the whole months and then the half. If the maturity is fixed at the beginning, at the middle or end of the month, it is understood by these deadlines: The first, the eleventh or the last day of the month. Expressions "8 days" or "fifteen days" are understood, not as one or two weeks, but as eight or fifteen actual days. Through the "half month" expression, fifteen days are understood. + Article 40 When a cambie is payable on a fixed day in a place, where the calendar is particularly that of the place of issue, the due date shall be deemed fixed after the timing of the place of payment. When a cambie pulled between two places, having special calendars, is payable at a certain time from the date of the issue, the maturity is determined by the day that, according to the schedule of the payment place, corresponds to the issue day. The deadlines for the presentation of the cambies shall be counted according to the previous paragraph. These rules are not applicable if in a clause of the cambia or only from the mere shows of the title, it follows the intention to adopt special rules. + Chapter VI About payment + Article 41 The holder of a net payable on a fixed day or at a certain time limit from the date of issue or from the sight must submit it to payment, either on the day on which she is payable or in one of the two working days following. The presentation of a home to a compensation house amounts to a presentation to pay. ------------- Paragraph 2 of art. 41 41 has been amended by section 1 1 of art. I of ORDINANCE no. 11 11 of 4 August 1993 , published in MONITORUL OFFICIAL no. 201 201 of 23 August 1993. + Article 42 The cambia must be presented for payment at the place and address indicated in the cambie. In the absence of showing an address the cambia must be presented for payment: 1. At the home of the carriage or the person designated in the cambie to pay for it. 2. At the residence of the accepting by interventiune or of the person designated in the cambie to pay for it. 3. At the home of the one indicated in need + Article 43 The trace who pays the cambia can claim that it should be handed over to him with the mention of acquittal written by the owner. The owner cannot refuse a partial payment. In case of partial payment the trace can ask to be made on the cambie mention of this payment and to be given a receipt. + Article 44 The owner of a home is not wanted to receive payment before maturity. The trace that pays before maturity, does so at its risk and danger. That which pays at maturity is validly released, except if there was no fraud or serious mistake on its part. He is indebted to regularly check the succession of the girs, but not the authenticity of the endorsements ' signatures. + Article 45 When a cambie is payable in a currency, which does not have a course at the place of payment, the amount can be paid in the currency of the country, according to its value from the day of maturity. If the debtor is in late payment, the holder may, at his choice, ask that the amount be paid in the currency of the country, either by the amount of the settlement day or by the amount on the day of payment. The value of the foreign currency is determined by the use of the payment The shooter may however stipulate that the amount of payment will be calculated after a course indicated in the cambie. The regulations here shown do not apply if the shooter stipulated that the payment will have to be made in a certain currency shown (the payment clause actually in foreign currency). If the amount is shown in a currency having the same name, but of a different value, in the country of issue, and in that of payment, it is assumed that the showing refers to the currency of the place of payment. + Article 46 When the cambia is not presented for payment within the period fixed by art. 40, any debtor has the right to record the amount at the House of Savings and Consemnations or at another institution legally empowered to carry out such operations, at the expense and risk of the owner of the cambia, the container depositing at the court of the place of payment. ------------ Article 46 has been amended by section 6.6. 1 1 of art. unique from LAW no. 83 83 of 6 October 1994 , published in MONITORUL OFFICIAL no. 292 292 of 14 October 1994. + Article 46 ^ 1 The presentation of a payment shirt can be made in original or by truncation. For the purposes of this law, the computer process consists of the following successive operations: a) the electronic transposition of the relevant information from the original cambia; b) reproduction of the image of the original cambia in electronic format c) the transmission of electronic information obtained through the operations referred to in a) and b) to the paying credit institution. Only accepted bills can be truncated. The presentation to payment of a shirt by truncation produces the same legal effects as the presentation to payment of the original cambia, provided that the latter was issued in compliance with the provisions of the law. Credit institutions may resort to the truncation process, provided that there is a prior agreement between them in the context of a payment arrangement or a convention consisting of their accession to a payment system. The information relevant for the truncation, contained in the original cambia, is established according to the conventions provided in par. 5. The image of the original cambia represents the electronic copy of the original The image of the original cambia must comply with the standards established according to the conventions provided in 5. The moment of receipt by the paying credit institution, respectively by a payment system of the relevant information for the truncation and electronic image of that cambia, according to par. 2, constitutes the time of presentation to payment The transmission to the paying credit institution of the relevant information and the image of the cambia, by truncation, must be so designed to ensure their authenticity and integrity, by using any technical procedures permitted by the Law. ------------ Art. 46 ^ 1 was introduced by item 3 3 of art. I of EMERGENCY ORDINANCE no. 39 39 of 26 March 2008 , published in MONITORUL OFFICIAL no. 284 284 of 11 April 2008. + Article 46 ^ 2 When they pay a cambie through the truncation, the credit institution is obliged: a) verify that the original cambie complies in the form and content of the legal provisions, including the regularity of the succession of the endorsements, with the exception of the authenticity of the marksman's signatures and the b) to guarantee the accuracy and conformity of the information relevant for the truncation transmitted electronically with the data from the cambia in the original, as well as the conformity of the image of the cambia The credit institution shall respond to any loss suffered by non-compliance with the obligations provided for in 1. ------------ Art. 46 ^ 2 was introduced by item 3 3 of art. I of EMERGENCY ORDINANCE no. 39 39 of 26 March 2008 , published in MONITORUL OFFICIAL no. 284 284 of 11 April 2008. + Article 46 ^ 3 The total or partial refusal to pay of a bill presented for payment by truncation shall be made in electronic form, by the paying credit institution. Based on the refusal provided in par. 1, the credit institution holding the original cambia will register on them: a) the date of its submission to payment, to be found if the presentation was made within the deadline provided for in art. 41 41; b) the declaration of refusal, dated and signed by legal representatives or their authorized representatives. Entries on the original cambia, according to par. 2, in compliance with the provisions of 49 49 para. 1, constitutes proof of payment refusal. ------------ Art. 46 ^ 3 was introduced by item 3 3 of art. I of EMERGENCY ORDINANCE no. 39 39 of 26 March 2008 , published in MONITORUL OFFICIAL no. 284 284 of 11 April 2008. + Chapter VII Regression in case of non-acceptance or non-payment + Article 47 The cambiala action is direct or regression: direct against the acquirer and his avalists; of regression against any other obliged. + Article 48 The holder may exercise rights of regression against the guarantors, the shooter and the others obliged: a) At maturity, if the payment did not take place; b) Just before maturity: 1. If acceptance has been refused in everything or in part. 2. In the event of bankruptcy of the carriage, whether it has accepted or not; in case of termination of payments on its part, even if the termination of payments is not ascertained by a decision, if the pursuit of his goods has remained fruitless. 3. In case of bankruptcy of the shooter of an unacceptably stipulated shirt. + Article 49 The refusal of acceptance or payment must be found by a genuine act (protest of non-acceptance or non-payment). The non-acceptance protest must be made within the deadlines set for presentation to acceptance. If in the case provided by the first paragraph of art. 27 the first presentation took place on the last day of the term, the protest can still be done the following day. The protest of non-payment of a net payable on a fixed day or at a certain time from the date of the issue, or at a certain time from view, must be made in one of the two working days following the day in which the cambia is payable. When the cambia is payable in sight, the protest must be made in the conditions shown in the previous paragraph, for the protest of non-acceptance. The protest of non-acceptance exempts the payment and the non-payment protest. If the trace has ceased payments, whether it has accepted or not, or if a pursuit of its goods has not resulted, the holder may not exercise his right of regression, unless only after the cambia has been presented to the carriage for payment and after the protest was made. If the stalker, whether accepted or not, was declared bankrupt, as in the case of bankruptcy of the shooter of an unacceptably stipulated shirt, the presentation of the declarative bankruptcy decision is indestulating to allow the holder exercising the right of setback. + Article 50 The holder must incuse the guarantor or the shooter about non-acceptance or non-payment, in the four working days following the day of the protest or the day of the presentation, if there is the stipulation "without expenses". Each guarantor must, on the two working days following the day in which he received the knowledge, bring to the attention of the guarantor or the knowledge received, showing the names and addresses of those who made the previous acquaintances; It followed all this to the shooter. The time-limits shown flow from the reception of the previous knowledge. When, according to the provisions of the previous paragraph, a knowledge is made to a signatory of the cambia, the same knowledge must be made, in the same term, to his avalanche. If a guarantor did not show his address, or showed it in an illegible way, the knowledge made to the guarantor that precedes him is indestulating. That one who is obliged to make the knowledge, can do it in any form even by simply returning the cambia. He must prove that he made the knowledge within the prescribed period. This term will be reckoned as observed, if a letter encompassing the knowledge was handed over to the post within the prescribed period. That which does not make knowledge in the above term shown, not decades of the right of regression; it is liable, if it will be the place, of damage caused by its fault, without however that the damages interests can exceed the amount of the cambie. + Article 51 The shooter, the guarantor, or the avalist, can, by the stipulation "without expenses," "without protest," or any other equivalent expressure, written on the cambie and signed, to exempt the holder for the exercise of the right of regression, of making the protest of non-acceptance or default. This stipulation does not exempt the holder from the presentation of the cambia at the established deadlines, nor the knowledge to be made. Proof of non-observance of deadlines falls to the one who opposes the holder. If the stipulation is inscribed by the shooter, it produces its effects to all signatories; if it is entered by a guarantor or avalist, it produces its effects only to it. If, with all the stipulation inscribed by the shooter, the owner makes the protest, the expenses remain in his charge. If the stipulation was entered by a guarantor or an avalist, the expenses of the protest, if done, may be required from all the signatories. + Article 52 The shooter, the acquirer, the guarantor and the cambia avalanche are held in solidarity with the owner. The holder has the right to follow up against all these persons, individually or collectively, without being kept to observe the order in which they have obliged. The same right has any signatory who paid the cambia. The action against one of the obliged, does not prevent the pursuit of others, even if they are posteriori to the one against whom it was first done. + Article 53 The holder may request a regression: 1. Amount shown in unaccepted or unpaid cambia, along with interest, if stipulated. 2. Legal interest counted with starting from maturity. 3. Protest expenses, those of the knowledge made, as well as other justified expenses. If the regression is exercised before maturity, a discount will be deducted at the amount shown in the cambie. This account will be calculated according to the bank's account, in force, at the date of the regression, at the place of the owner's domicile + Article 54 That which paid by way of regression the cambia can ask from its girders: 1. The entire amount paid. 2. Legal interest on this amount, counted from the day when he paid the amount. 3. The expenses he made. + Article 55 Any obligation against which it is exercised or could be exercised, a right of regression, may require, in exchange for payment, the surrender of the cambia with the protest and an paid return account. Any guarantor who has paid the cambia can delete his endorsement and those of the following endorsements. + Article 56 In the event of a setback, after a partial acceptance, that which pays the amount for which the cambia has not been accepted can ask to make mention of this payment on the cambie and to be given the receipt. The holder must, apart from this, hand over a copy of the cambia, certified according to, how and the protest to make possible the exercise of subsequent regressions. + Article 57 Any person, having the right to exercise the regression, may, if it was not stipulated otherwise, to compensate by a new cambie (counter-cambie), drawn on view of one of his girders and payable at his home. Contra-cambia includes, apart from the amounts shown in art. 53 and 54, a right of courtship and stamp duty for her. If the counter-cambia is drawn by the owner, the amount is fixed after the course of a plain in plain sight, drawn from the place where the original cambia is payable on the place of the guarantor's domicile. If the counter-cambia is pulled by a girant, the amount is fixed after the course of a plain in sight, drawn from the place where the counter-cambia shooter is domiciled on the place of the guarantor's home. + Article 58 After the deadline has passed: a) for the presentation of a plain on view or at a certain time from view; b) for making the protest of non-acceptance or non-payment; c) for the payment presentation in the case of the "no expenses" stipulation. The holder is deprived of his rights against the guarantors, against the shooter and against the others obliged with the exception of the acquirer. If the cambia is not presented for acceptance within the term stipulated by the shooter, the holder is deprived of his right of regression, both for non-payment and for non-acceptance, outside only if it does not result from the stipulation that the shooter understood to discharge only the acceptance guarantee. If the stipulation of a term for presentation is contained in a gir, only the guarantor can oppose the lack + Article 59 When the presentation of the cambia or the making of the protest within the prescribed deadlines is hindered by an unbridged obstacle (legal provision, fortuitous case or force majeure), these deadlines are extended. The owner is obliged to bring, without delay, to the attention of his guarantor, by registered letter, the case fortuit or force majeure and to make on the cambie mention dated and signed by him by this incunostintare; for the rest the provisions apply art. 49. ------------ Paragraph 2 of art. 59 59 has been amended by section 4 4 of art. I of EMERGENCY ORDINANCE no. 39 39 of 26 March 2008 , published in MONITORUL OFFICIAL no. 284 284 of 11 April 2008. After the cessation of the case fortuit or force majeure the owner must be without delay, present the cambia for acceptance or for payment and if there is a need to protest it. If the case fortuit or force majeure holds more than thirty days from maturity, the rights of regression can be exercised without the need for presentation and protest. For the bills of sight or at a certain time from the sight, the thirty-day period flows from the date when the owner has debunked on his guarantor about the fortuitous case or force majeure, even if the knowledge is made before the expiry the term of presentation; at the 30-day period the term of view or from a time of sight shown in the cambie is added. It is not considered fortuitous cases or force majeure the purely personal deeds of the owner or the person he charged to present the cambia or to protest it. + Article 60 Between several obliged persons who have an equal situation in the cambie cannot exercise the cambiala action, the relations between these persons will be regulated according to the norms relative to the solidarity bonds. + Article 61 Cambia has an enforceable title value for capital and accessories, established according to art. 53 53, 54 and 57. ------------- Paragraph 2 of art. 61 61 has been repealed by art. II of ORDINANCE no. 11 11 of 4 August 1993 , published in MONITORUL OFFICIAL no. 201 201 of 23 August 1993. The competence to invest the cambia with the enforceable formula is the court. ------------- Paragraph 3 of art. 61 61 has been amended by section 3 3 of art. I of ORDINANCE no. 11 11 of 4 August 1993 , published in MONITORUL OFFICIAL no. 201 201 of 23 August 1993. The end of the investment is not subject to appeal. ------------- Paragraph 4 of art. 61 61 has been amended by section 4 4 of art. I of ORDINANCE no. 11 11 of 4 August 1993 , published in MONITORUL OFFICIAL no. 201 201 of 23 August 1993. The cambia issued abroad has the same enforceable effects, if they are also admitted by the law of the place where the cambia was issued. The execution notice must include the exact transcript of the cambia or the protest, as well as the other acts resulting in the amount due. For cambiale bonds subscribed by proxy, the injunction will also make mention of the act resulting in the mandate. + Article 62 Within 5 days of the notice of the summons, the debtor may appeal to the execution. The appeal will be introduced to the enforcement court, which will judge it according to the Code of Civil Procedure, emergency and in particular, before any other cause. The decision rendered on the appeal can only be appealed within 15 days of the ruling. The court will be able to suspend the execution only if the objector does not recognize the signature, registering in forgery, or does not recognize the proxy. In case of suspension of execution, the creditor will be able to obtain insurance measures. ------------ Article 62 has been amended by art. 16 of LAW no. 76 76 of 24 May 2012 published in MONITORUL OFFICIAL no. 365 365 of 30 May 2012. + Article 63 In the cambiale processes started, either by way of action or by opposition to the summons of execution, the debtor will be able to oppose the owner only the exceptions of nullity of the title, according to the provisions of art. 2, as well as those that are not stopped by art. 19. Personal exceptions will have to be a speedy solution and always based on a written test. The cambiale exceptions must be proposed at the first term of appearance. Through the first term of appearance, the first term is understood at the first instance, when the procedure being fulfilled, the parties can draw conclusions even if the pirate or opponent does not present himself. + Article 64 If from the report that gave rise to the show or the transmission of the cambia, it derives a causal action, it remains in being with all the issuance or transmission of the cambia, except when the novation proves. Such action, however, can only be exercised after proving with the protest the lack of acceptance or payment. The owner of the camphobia cannot exercise the causal action except by giving the debtor the return of the cambia, depositing it at the Registry of the competent court, while justifying the fulfilment of the formalities necessary for the preservation of the What can I do? + Article 65 When the holder has lost the cambiale action against all obligations and has no counter to them causal action, he can exercise against the shooter, the acquirer or the guarantor an action for the payment of the amount with which they were enriched without cause in its damage. + Chapter VIII About protest + Article 66 The protest is right by the bailiff. Witness assistance is not required to train the protest. ------------- Article 66 has been amended by section 6.6. 6 6 of art. I of ORDINANCE no. 11 11 of 4 August 1993 , published in MONITORUL OFFICIAL no. 201 201 of 23 August 1993. + Article 67 The protest may be trained by separate act, on the very original of the title or on one of the copies, on the copy or on an addition thereof. If the protest is right on an addition, the one who trained it must put the stamp of the court on the line of union. ------------- Paragraph 1 of art. 67 67 has been amended by section 7 7 of art. I of ORDINANCE no. 11 11 of 4 August 1993 , published in MONITORUL OFFICIAL no. 201 201 of 23 August 1993. For several titles payable by the same person, in the same place the protest can be made at the request of the owner by a single separate act. If the protest is contained in separate act, mention of the making of the protest will be made on the title submitted for protest. + Article 68 Protest must be made in the places provided by art. 42 against the persons indicated by this article, even if they are not present. If the domicile of these persons cannot be found, the protest is right at the court in whose territorial area is the place of payment indicated in the cambie. ------------- Paragraph 2 of art. 68 68 has been amended by section 8 8 of art. I of ORDINANCE no. 11 11 of 4 August 1993 , published in MONITORUL OFFICIAL no. 201 201 of 23 August 1993. The inability of persons to whom the cambia must be presented does not dispense with the obligation to train the protest against them, except for those provided by the last paragraph of art. 49. If the person to whom the cambia has to be presented has ceased from life, the protest will also be made in his name, according to the previous rules. + Article 69 The protest must include: 1. The year, the month, the day and the time he was trained. 2. The name and pronouns of the one who asked for the protest. 3. The name and pronouns of the person or persons against whom the protest was made. 4. Showing the places in which he was trained, with the mention of the research made, according to art. 42. 5. Accurate transcript of the cambia, if the protest was not done right on the cambial sign. 6. Payment unemployment, received responses or reasons for which no response has been obtained. The protest will be underwritten by the one who trained him. ------------- Paragraph 2 of art. 69 69 has been amended by section 9 9 of art. I of ORDINANCE no. 11 11 of 4 August 1993 , published in MONITORUL OFFICIAL no. 201 201 of 23 August 1993. When the trace to whom a cambie is presented for acceptance demands that a new presentation be made to him the following day, this request must be contained in the protest. + Article 70 Barren, straightening and writing between the lines or with a sign of reference, must be approved by that which makes the protest. + Article 71 The one who makes the protest is obliged to pass the protests entirely, day by day, after the order of the date, in a special register The original of the protest will be handed to the one who demanded the protest In case of loss, the original can be replaced by a certified copy of the register. + Article 72 The courts shall keep a register of protests, in which they register, on a daily basis and in the order of the date, the camphes protested, with making the mentions required by the previous articles On the first day of each week, each judge sends to the Chamber of Commerce and County Industry or, as the case may be, the city of Bucharest, a table with the protests of non-payment of cambies, made during the previous week. This table must indicate the date of the protest, the name and surname of the person against whom the protest was trained, of the one who asked the protest, the name and surname of the shooter, the amount due and the maturity of the protest title. ------------- Article 72 has been amended by section 4.2. 10 10 of art. I of ORDINANCE no. 11 11 of 4 August 1993 , published in MONITORUL OFFICIAL no. 201 201 of 23 August 1993. + Article 73 Apart from the case when the shooter stipulated the protest bond, it can be replaced, if the holder is invoking, by a declaration of refusal of acceptance or payment written and dated on the title or on the adaus, signed by the one against whom the protest was to be made. This declaration must be invested with the definite date, within the deadline set for the making of the protest. + Chapter IX About interventiune + Section I General provisions + Article 74 The shooter, the guarantor or the avalist can indicate a person to accept or pay as needed. The Cambia may be, in the conditions shown below, accepted or paid by a person intervening for any of the obliged by way of regression. The intervener may be a tertium, the trace himself or a person already obliged by cambie, except for the acquirer. The intervener must in the two working days following the intervention, to know of his intervention the one for which he intervened. In case of non-observation of this term, he is liable, if it will be the place, of damage caused by his negligence, without however that the damages-interests can exceed the amount of the cambie. + Section II Acceptance by interventiune + Article 75 Acceptance by intervention can be made oridecate or the owner of a home that can be accepted could exercise the right of regression before maturity. When in a cambie a person was indicated to accept or pay it if necessary, at the place of payment, the holder cannot exercise, before maturity, the right of regression against that which made the indication and against the following signatories, outside only if he presented the cambia to the person indicated and if it, refusing acceptance, this refusal was found by protest. In other cases of interventiune the owner may refuse acceptance by intervention. However, if he admits it, he loses the right to resort, before maturity, by way of regression, against the one for which acceptance was also made of the following signatories. + Article 76 Acceptance by interventiune is written on the cambie and signed by the intervener. She shows for who she is given; in the absence of this showing, acceptance is counted given for the shooter. + Article 77 The acceptance by interventiune is held against the owner of the cambia and the posteriori gyrants for whom he intervened in the same way as this one. With all acceptance through interventiune, the one for which it was made and its guarantors, may ask the owner, in exchange for the payment of the amount shown in Article 53, the handover of the cambia, of the protest and, if it will be the place, of the paid return account. The obligation of the accepting by interventiune ceases if the cambia was not presented to him at the latest on the day following the last day for the training of the non-payment protest. + Section III Payment by means of intervention + Article 78 Payment by intervention can be made orideciteori the owner could exercise the right of regression at maturity or before it. The payment must include the entire amount that would have had to pay that for which the intervention was made. It must be done at the latest on the day following the last day allowed for the making of the non-payment protest. The payment by intervention must result from the protest and, if it has already been trained, must be mentioned at the end of the protest act by the one who trained it. Protest expenses will be restored even if the shooter has put the clause WITHOUT EXPENSES. ------------- Paragraph 4 of art. 78 78 has been amended by section 11 11 of art. I of ORDINANCE no. 11 11 of 4 August 1993 , published in MONITORUL OFFICIAL no. 201 201 of 23 August 1993. + Article 79 If the cambia was accepted by several interveners, who are domiciled at the place of payment, or if they were indicated to pay-if necessary-persons having their domicile in the same place, the owner must present the cambia to all these persons, and if it is the place, to ask for the non-payment protest at the latest on the day following the last day admitted for the making of the protest If the protest was not made in this term, that which made the indication if necessary, or that for which a cambie was accepted as the posteriori gyrants, are released. + Article 80 The holder who refuses payment by interventiune loses the right of regression against those who would have been released. + Article 81 The payment by intervention must be ascertained by reference to the cambie, with the indication of that for which it is made. In the absence of an indication, the payment shall be counted for the shooter. The Cambia and the protest, if concluded, must be handed over to the one who paid through the interventiune. + Article 82 The one who paid through the intervention acquires the rights resulting from the cambie against the one for whom he also paid against those who are currently being held to the latter; he cannot, however, again endorse the cambia. The rear girders of the signatory for which the payment was made are released. If more people offer payment through interventiune, it is preferred that whose payment liberates a higher number of obliged. The one who, in the knowledge of the case, intervenes contrary to this rule, loses the right of regression against those who would have been released. + Chapter X About the plurality of specimens and about children + Section I Plurality of specimens + Article 83 The cambia can be drawn in several identical copies. These copies must be numbered in the very text of the title; without it, each of the specimens counts a distinct cambie. Any owner of a shirt in which it is not shown to have been drawn in a single copy, can ask for the release of several copies at his expense. To this end he must address his direct guarantor, who is obliged to give him the support to his own guarantor; thus, until the shooter, it will follow. The guarantors are obliged to reproduce the endorsements on the new copies + Article 84 The payment of one of the copies is liberatory, even if it was not stipulated that such a payment cancels the effect of the other copies. However the trace remains held under each accepted copy which has not been returned to it. The guarantor who transmitted the specimens to different persons, as well as the following gyrants, are held under all specimens, bearing the signature of those who have not been returned to them. + Article 85 That which sent a copy of the cambia, for acceptance, must indicate on the other specimens the name of the person to whom this specimen is found. This person is obliged to hand it over to the legitimate owner of another copy. If he refuses, the holder cannot exercise the right of regression until after he has made himself found by protest: 1. That the copy sent to acceptance has not been handed over to him, with all his request. 2. That acceptance or payment could not be obtained on another copy. Secunes II-a Copies + Article 86 Any owner of a home has the right to make one or more children. The copy must reproduce exactly the original with the endorsements and all other particulars appearing in the pantry; it must indicate where it is ended. The copy can be endorsed and endorsed in the same way and with the same effects as the original. + Article 87 The copy must show on the original title holder. It is obliged to hand it over to the legitimate owner of the copy. In the event of refusal, the holder cannot exercise the right of regression against persons who have endorsed or endorsed the copy, except after having made it ascertain, by protest, that the original was not handed to him, with all his request. If the original title bears after the last gir given before the preparation of the copy the stipulation "here the endorsement is valid only on copy", or any other equivalent form, the subsequent endorsement on the original is null. + Chapter XI About alterations + Article 88 In the case of alteration of the text of a shirt, the posterior signatories of the alteration are kept within the limits of the altered text; the previous signatories are kept If the title does not result or does not prove that the signature has been put before or after the alteration it is assumed that it has been put forward. + Chapter XII About cancellation and replacement of title + Article 89 In the event of loss, evading or destruction of a home, the holder may notify the shooter and request the cancellation of the title by a request addressed to the president of the court where the cambia is payable. ------------- Paragraph 1 of art. 89 89 has been amended by section 12 12 of art. I of ORDINANCE no. 11 11 of 4 August 1993 , published in MONITORUL OFFICIAL no. 201 201 of 23 August 1993. The application will have to show the essential conditions of the cambia and, if it is a white house, the elements sufficient to identify it. The President of the Court, after examining the application and the elements produced, as well as the right of the possessor, will pronounce as soon as possible an ordinance by which, specifying the dates of the cambia, he will declare it void in the hands of anyone who will find it and will authorize to make her payment after the passage of 30 days from the publication of the ordinance in the Official Gazette of Romania, if the cambia has an outdated maturity or is on view, or within 30 days from the due date, if this is further published in the Official Gazette of Romania and only if, in the meantime, the holder has not made opposition. ------------- Paragraph 3 of art. 89 89 has been amended by section 13 13 of art. I of ORDINANCE no. 11 11 of 4 August 1993 , published in MONITORUL OFFICIAL no. 201 201 of 23 August 1993. The ordinance must be notified to the carriage and published in the Official Gazette, to the persistence and at the expense of the petitioner. The payment made by the shooter before the notification of the ordinance, with all the notice made, liberates the debtor. + Article 90 Within 30 days from the publication of the ordinance in the Official Gazette, the detente of the cambia will be able to oppose this ordinance, an opposition that will be communicated to both the petitioner and the carriage, with their citation before the court of the payment. + Article 91 Until the deadline provided by art. 89, the petitioner will be able to exercise all acts of preservation of his rights and if it is an already low cambie, or which has since decreased, he will be able to ask for payment of that bill whose cancellation he asked for, filing a bail equal to the amount alleged, or to ask for the recording of this amount. + Article 92 After the deadline provided by art. 89, without opposition, or after the rejection of the opposition by a final decision, the lost or stolen cambia no longer has any effect. Anyone who has obtained the replacement of the cambia, will be able, at the presentation of the cancellation order and the certificate of the respective graft of non-introduction of the opposition within, or at the presentation of the final decision by the rejection of the opposition, cambia; when the cambia was given in white or has not yet decreased, it will be able to ask, under the same conditions, a duplicate. For low or spot bills declared void, interest rates flow in accordance with art. 53 and 54, except when the amount due was submitted according to art. 46 on behalf of the person in whose favour the annulment took place or the sentence was handed down + Article 93 The order or decision remaining final extinguishes any right arising from the annulled cambia, without prejudging any actions of the owner against the one who obtained the cancellation. + Chapter XIII About prescription + Article 94 Any actions resulting from the bills against the acquirer shall be prescribed by three years, counted from the due date. The owner's actions against the guarantors and against the shooter shall be prescribed by a year counted from the date of the protest made in due time or from the due date in case of stipulation, without expenses. The actions of the gyrants against each other and against the shooter, are prescribed by 6 months counted from the day the guarantor paid the cambia or from the day the setback action was started against him. The unconcerned enrichment action shall be prescribed by a year from the day on which the decision on the cambiale action will be final. + Chapter XIV General provisions + Article 95 The payment of a home, the maturity of which is on a public holiday, can only be requested on the first working day following. So all the other acts concerning the cambie, in particular the presentation to acceptance and protest, can only be made on a working day. When one of these acts has to be done in a certain period, the last day of which is a public holiday, this term is extended until the first working day following. Interim public holidays enter into the calculation of the term. + Article 96 Within legal or conventional time limits do not count the day from which they begin to flow. + Article 97 No terms of grace, no legal, no court, are admitted. + Article 98 By the word domicile, for the purposes of this law, it is understood the place where the person obliged, to whom he refers, has his home or headquarters, and by the word of payment is understood the respective locality. ------------- Article 98 has been amended by section 6.6. 14 14 of art. I of ORDINANCE no. 11 11 of 4 August 1993 , published in MONITORUL OFFICIAL no. 201 201 of 23 August 1993. + Article 99 Underwriting by laying the finger is not counted signature, except if the inscription is made in authentic or notary form. + Chapter XV The divestment of the claim deriving from the sale of goods to the shooter + Article 100 In the drawn cambia, which, must not be presented at acceptance, as in any other cambie drawn, if it has not been accepted, the shooter may, within the limits of the amount provided for in the cambie, give in by a clause inserted in the cambia, its claim deriving from the sale of goods, which it has to draw. The clause must include, under penalty of invalidity, the date and number of the invoice relating to the sale of goods. In the case of a shirt, issued at the order of the shooter himself, the divestment clause can be inserted in the first gir. The divestment cannot be made by the shooter but in favor of a banking company or other credit society but will use all successive gyrations. The expression of the banking company or other credit society means the legal entities provided by the legislation on banking and credit activity. --------------- Paragraph 4 of art. 100 100 has been amended by section 1 1 of art. unique from LAW no. 83 83 of 6 October 1994 , published in MONITORUL OFFICIAL no. 292 292 of 14 October 1994. + Article 101 The assignment acquires effect to third parties through the notification made to the carriage, a notification that can also be made by registered letter, with its return receipt; the notification must include the exact mentions for the identification of the cambia. The presentation of the cambia made to the carriage, resulting from the protest of non-acceptance, holds the notification + Article 102 The Trace, after notification of the assignment, can only pay the owner of the cambia. It cannot capitalize on the pulled rights deriving from the assignment, unless it has trained the non-payment protest against it and it has not been 5 days from the communication made to the shooter of the execution order, according to art. 61, or from citation in the cambiala action, or from the admission of the cambiale claim to the liability of the shooter's bankruptcy, when he was declared bankrupt. The exercise of the action against the carriage does not prevent the execution at the same time of the cambiale action against the shooter and the others The owner of the cambia will not be able to capitalize on his rights deriving from the assignment to the bankruptcy of the carriage until after the notification required 1 1 of this article. + Article 103 Anyone who assigns a claim in the conditions provided by art. 100, knowing that at the moment of the assignment there is, in total or in part, the chalk ceded, it will be punished with a fine of 5,000-100,000 lei and imprisonment up to 6 months, except when the fact is a sanctioned offense with a higher punishment, in which case this punishment will apply. + Title II About the promissory note + Article 104 The promissory note includes: 1) the name of the ticket to the order passed in the very text of the title and expressed in the language used for the drafting of this title; 2) unconditional promise to pay a determined amount; 3) showing the maturity; 4) showing the place where payment must be made; 5) the name of the one to whom or at the order of which 6) showing the date and place of issue; 7 7) Signature of the issuer, respectively the handwritten signature of the individual having the status of issuer or, as the case may be, of the legal representative or the authorized issuer, natural person, legal entity or entity that uses such instruments; ---------- Point 7) of art. 104 104 has been amended by section 3 3 of art. unique from LAW no. 163 163 of 8 May 2009 , published in MONITORUL OFFICIAL no. 322 322 of 14 May 2009, which supplements art. I of EMERGENCY ORDINANCE no. 39 39 of 26 March 2008 , published in MONITORUL OFFICIAL no. 284 284 of 11 April 2008, with point 4 4 ^ 1. 8) the name of the issuer, namely the name and surname, in the clear, of the natural person or the name of the legal person or entity that undertakes If the name of the issuer exceeds the space allocated on the title, the first characters of the name and surname, respectively of the name of the issuer, within the limit of the special space allocated, shall be entered on the ticket Attract the nullity of the ticket ---------- Point 8) of art. 104 104 has been introduced by section 3 3 of art. unique from LAW no. 163 163 of 8 May 2009 , published in MONITORUL OFFICIAL no. 322 322 of 14 May 2009, which supplements art. I of EMERGENCY ORDINANCE no. 39 39 of 26 March 2008 , published in MONITORUL OFFICIAL no. 284 284 of 11 April 2008, with point 4 4 ^ 2. 9 9) the issuer code, i.e. a unique identification number taken from the issuer's identification or registration documents. ---------- Point 9) of art. 104 104 has been introduced by section 3 3 of art. unique from LAW no. 163 163 of 8 May 2009 , published in MONITORUL OFFICIAL no. 322 322 of 14 May 2009, which supplements art. I of EMERGENCY ORDINANCE no. 39 39 of 26 March 2008 , published in MONITORUL OFFICIAL no. 284 284 of 11 April 2008, with point 4 4 ^ 2. + Article 105 The title to which any of the conditions shown in the previous article is missing shall not be counted a ticket to the order outside the cases shown in the following paragraphs. The promissory note whose maturity is not shown, is reckoned payable in plain sight. In the absence of a special showing, the place of the title issue is counted instead of payment and at the same time place of the issuer's domicile. The promissory note that does not show the place where it was issued, shall be signed in the place shown by the name of the issuer. + Article 105 ^ 1 The promissory note that meets the conditions laid down in art. 104-105 may be presented for payment by truncation, under the conditions set for the cambie at art. 46 46 ^ 1, 46 ^ 2, 46 ^ 3, except the condition relating to acceptance provided in art. 46 ^ 1 para. 3, producing all the effects that the law recognizes to the ticket to the original order. ------------ Art. 105 ^ 1 was introduced by item 5 5 of art. I of EMERGENCY ORDINANCE no. 39 39 of 26 March 2008 , published in MONITORUL OFFICIAL no. 284 284 of 11 April 2008. + Article 106 They are applicable to the ticket to the order, in so far as they are not incompatible with the nature of this title, the provisions relative to the cambie, regarding: the endorsement (Art. 13-23 13-23); maturity (Art. 36-40 36-40); payment (Art. 41 41-46); action or cambiale execution (Art. 47 47), and regression in the case of non-payment (Art. 48 48-55 and 57-65); protest (art. 66-73 66-73); payment by interventiune (art. 74 74 and 78-82); Copies (Art. 83 83 and 86); alterations (art. 88 88); Prescription (Art. 94 94); public holidays, the timing of deadlines and the inadmissibility of the term of grace (art. 95-98 95-98); subscription by laying of finger (Art. 99 99) the action arising from the unconcerned enrichment (Art. 65 65); cancellation and replacement of title (Art. 89-93 89-93). They are also applicable to the ticket to order the provisions on cambia paid by a third year or in a locality other than that of the house of the carriage (art. 4 and 30), the stipulation of interest (art. 5), the differences in the indication of the amount of payment (art. 6 6), the effects of a signature put in the conditions shown in art. 7, the effects of the signature of a person working without empowerment or exceeding empowerment (art. 10), cambia in white (art. 12 12). They are also applicable to the ticket to the provisions regarding the downstream (art. 33-35), in the case provided by the last paragraph of art. 34, if the damage does not show for whom it was given, he shall be counted given for the issuer. + Article 107 The issuer of a promissory note is held in the same manner as the acceptance of a home. Tickets to order payable at a certain time from view, must be presented to the issuer's visa within the deadlines set in art. 26. The term from view flows from the date of the visa subscribed by the issuer on the ticket to the order. The refusal of the issuer to put the dated visa is found by protest (art. 28 28), the date of which serves as a starting point for the term from view. + Title III + Chapter I Transitional provisions ------------- Article 108 was repealed by art. II of ORDINANCE no. 11 11 of 4 August 1993 , published in MONITORUL OFFICIAL no. 201 201 of 23 August 1993. ------------- Article 109 was repealed by art. II of ORDINANCE no. 11 11 of 4 August 1993 , published in MONITORUL OFFICIAL no. 201 201 of 23 August 1993. ------------- Article 110 was repealed by art. II of ORDINANCE no. 11 11 of 4 August 1993 , published in MONITORUL OFFICIAL no. 201 201 of 23 August 1993. + Chapter II Final provisions + Article 111 The present law comes into force on 1 June 1934. + Article 112 From the day of the entry into force of this law, all previous laws and provisions are repealed, with regard to cambie and promissory note. ------------- Article 113 was repealed by art. II of ORDINANCE no. 11 11 of 4 August 1993 , published in MONITORUL OFFICIAL no. 201 201 of 23 August 1993. ------------- Article 114 was repealed by art. II of ORDINANCE no. 11 11 of 4 August 1993 , published in MONITORUL OFFICIAL no. 201 201 of 23 August 1993. ------------- Article 115 was repealed by art. II of ORDINANCE no. 11 11 of 4 August 1993 , published in MONITORUL OFFICIAL no. 201 201 of 23 August 1993. --------------------