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Law No. 28 Of 21 December 1978 Law Education And Education

Original Language Title:  LEGE nr. 28 din 21 decembrie 1978 legea educaţiei şi învăţămîntului

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LEGE no. 28 28 of 21 December 1978 the law of education and education
ISSUER GREAT NATIONAL ASSEMBLY
Published in OFFICIAL BULLETIN no. 113 113 of 26 December 1978



The program of the Romanian Communist Party to build the multilateral socialist society developed and Romania's advance towards communism establishes, as fundamental objectives of the education, the multilateral preparation of the necessary frameworks for all areas of activity, in close connection with the requirements of the production of material and spiritual goods, the formation and education of the new man, the continuous improvement of the professional, scientific and technical training of working people, the provision of conditions for the development and affirmation of members ' creative capacities society, raising the general level of culture and knowledge of the people. Education has the mission of ensuring the acquisition by the young generations of scientific, technical and cultural knowledge, of the skills necessary for the exercise of professions useful to society, their formation in the spirit of materialistic-dialectic conception and historical about the nature and society, of socialist humanism, of the ideology and politics of the Romanian Communist Party, of the principles of socialist ethics and equity, the cultivation in their rows of love for the homeland, the party and the people, the ideals of peace and social progress. Education has a duty to ensure all young people, regardless of the specialization they choose, a thorough preparation in the fundamental sciences, without which no specialist can perform at the appropriate level the tasks entrusted, and the appropriation of the revolutionary conception of the world, the knowledge of the history and culture of the homeland In order to achieve these objectives, the party and the state ensure the permanent improvement and modernization of education of all grades, its development on a revolutionary basis, in close connection with the requirements of economic and social-cultural life of Romania. At the foundation of the school is the principle of polytechnization, the strange combination of work, education and research-primary factors for the construction of socialism and communism in our homeland, for the progress and civilization of mankind. The provision of polyalification, the possibility of moving from one specialty or activity to another contributes both to the satisfaction of the general interests of society, as well as to the multilateral development of the human personality. According to the provisions of the Constitution, the state guarantees the right to teaching and ensures the unhindered access of all citizens, without distinction of nationality, race, sex or religion, in the education of all grades, corresponding to the requirements economic and social development of the country, as well as the desires and skills of each. For this purpose, the state allocates an important part of its material means for the continuous development and modernization of education, ensures the preparation and improvement of the teaching staff, as well as the material basis necessary to carry out of education. In the spirit of socialist humanism that characterizes the entire politics of our party and state, which places at the heart of the work of forging the new society man, the ever more complete satisfaction of his material and spiritual needs, the school has the duty of honor to ensure the socialist education and the preparation of the young generations for work and life, the cultivation in their rows of passion for new, for science and truth, of the duty to devote their entire energy, capacity to work and understanding of the edification of socialist and communist society, of responsibility for the future of all working people, without distinction of nationality, of all people, for the continuous flourishing of the Socialist Republic of Romania. School and university youth must learn, appropriate all that is new and advanced in the field of human science and knowledge, prepare thoroughly to fit into production, economic and social activity, to become the most important. Conscious builder of socialism and communism, active campaigner for the living translation of the program of the party to forge the new society. The governing bodies of education, educational units and all teaching staff are responsible for the achievement of the party and state policy in the field of education, the continuous improvement of the content of the instructive-educational process, the realization of the organic integration of the education with the scientific production and research, ensuring that the school will perform the tasks entrusted to it by the society in order to prepare and educate the young generations. In order to establish the unitary legal framework for the organization, development and development of the education, The Great National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Romania adopts this law. + Chapter 1 General principles + Article 1 Education-the main factor of culture and civilization, of educating the new man-ensures the achievement of the party and state policy on the preparation of cadres for all areas of economic and social activity on the basis of the latest conquests of science and technique, of human knowledge, the formation and development of the socialist consciousness of youth, the growth of thoroughly prepared generations for work and life, devoted to the homeland, to the party and to the people, to the cause of socialism and communism. Through the achievement of its objectives and tasks, the education contributes to the continuous lifting of the level of professional training, culture and consciousness of all the people, to the general progress of society. + Article 2 Citizens of the Socialist Republic of Romania have the right to teaching, without distinction of nationality, race, sex or religion and without any other restriction that could constitute discrimination. Every citizen is assured of access to all grades and forms of education, in relation to the needs of the economic and social development of the country, as well as his desire and skills. + Article 3 Education in the Socialist Republic of Romania is state education. The school is separated from the church. Confessions, congregations or religious communities can organize, under the conditions provided by law, schools for the preparation of worship staff. + Article 4 The education of all ranks takes place in Romanian, ensuring the thorough study and knowledge of the Romanian language. In accordance with the provisions of the Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Romania, the co-resident nationalities are ensured the free use in the education of all degrees of the mother tongue, the study and the thorough knowledge of the mother tongue of each nationalities. + Article 5 The whole education is free. No school fees are levied at any form of education. The state supports all expenses for providing the teaching staff and the necessary materials to carry out the educational process. For primary, secondary, high school and vocational education, school textbooks are provided free of charge. + Article 6 Students and students benefit from the state or socialist scholarship units and other forms of material support, under the conditions established by law. + Article 7 The education system is organized in a unified conception and includes the pre-school, primary, secondary, high school, professional, foreman and higher education. In the education system there are also the qualification courses, the agrootechnical mass education, as well as the improvement of the professional training of the working staff. + Article 8 In order to ensure all citizens a level of professional and cultural training corresponding to the requirements of the current stage of development of Romania, the mandatory education has a duration of 10 years. + Article 9 The education has an open character, the graduates of a form of education having the opportunity to continue their studies in higher forms. + Article 10 Education must ensure the youth a thorough training in the fundamental sciences-mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology-as well as the appropriation of the revolutionary conception of the world, the knowledge of the history and culture of the homeland. + Article 11 Education is based on the principle of integration with production, scientific research and design. Students, students and teaching staff participate in productive activity, research and design, technical, scientific and cultural-artistic creation, in achieving the objectives of the economic and social development of the country. The education provides the youth with multilateral training, the ability to adapt to the demands of rapid development of the productive forces, the progress of the national economy and human knowledge. + Article 12 Through its entire content, the instructive-educational process in the education of all grades must ensure: a) a high level of scientific, technical and cultural training, polyalification and preparation in broad profiles of students and students, so that, after graduation, to integrate quickly and efficiently in the production process and in social activity, meet in the best conditions their obligations and, when necessary, be able to move from one specialty or activity to another; b) the appropriation by students and students of the politics and ideology of the Romanian Communist Party, of scientific socialism, of materialistic-dialectical and historical conception of the world and life, the formation of advanced people, active builders of socialism and communism; c) formation and development of attitude towards work, public wealth and social duties, revolutionary spirit, creator, devotion to the cause of socialism and communism; d) the cultivation of love for the homeland, the party and the people, the past of the struggle for social and national freedom of the Romanian people, the common traditions of fighting together with the conhabiting nationalities, the revolutionary struggle of the class working, of all working people without distinction of nationality, of the Romanian Communist Party, of the decision to contribute to the economic and social development of the country, to defend with any sacrifice the revolutionary conquests of the people, independence and sovereignty of the homeland; e) education in the spirit of the unity and brotherly friendship of young people, of all working people in our homeland, without distinction of nationality; f) the promotion of collective spirit and self-help, justice, love of truth, honor, modesty and fairness, social responsibility, respect for the laws of the country and norms of coexistence in society; g) cultivating respect for other peoples, solidarity with youth everywhere, with all progressive, democratic forces around the world; h) the harmonious physical and intellectual development of the younger generations. + Article 13 In our society the work represents a right and a duty of honor of all citizens, the fundamental criterion of appreciation of everyone's contribution to the progress of society, a necessity for the formation, development and affirmation of personality Human. The school must educate young people in the spirit of love for work, of the decision to carry out a useful activity to society, to ensure their means of existence and spiritual development, to cultivate intransigence to any form of evading from work, parasitic life, which goes against the principles of socialist ethics and equity, are incompatible with the essence and goals of socialist society. All young people have a duty to prepare thoroughly, to acquire the necessary knowledge to fit into work in different sectors of economic and social-cultural activity and actively participate in the general progress of the homeland. + Article 14 In secondary and high school education, students compulsory two foreign languages, of their choice. In higher education, regardless of the training profile, students are provided with the improvement of knowledge in the foreign languages studied. + Article 15 The entire organization of education, the number of students in high school, professional and foreman education, as well as students, are established in relation to the needs of the economic and social development of the country. Young people can choose their forms of education and the future profession or profession according to the labour requirements of society, their possibilities and skills. All graduates are assured, according to the training obtained through the studies carried out, jobs, under the conditions established by law. + Article 16 The teaching staff of all grades have the obligation to ensure a high quality of the entire instructive-educational process, to be concerned with the continuous improvement of its professional, political and pedagogical training, to be a model of held and behaved in all circumstances, in school, family and society, to actively participate in the communist, revolutionary training and education of students and students, of all citizens of the country. All teachers must be good specialists and good educators, having the duty to permanently concern themselves with the training of students and students on the basis of the latest achievements in the field of science, technique and culture, their education in the spirit of order and discipline, of social responsibility for fulfilling their obligations in school, in work and life. + Article 17 In order to debate and solve the fundamental problems of the development and improvement of the education of all grades, the establishment of the ways and means of carrying out the tasks assigned to the school program The Congress of Education and Education, the broad democratic, representative, expression of the participation of working people in the management of the activity in this field. + Article 18 The Higher Council of Education and Education and the Ministry of Education and Education bear the full responsibility for the unitary achievement of the party and state policy in the field of education, the measures on organization, guidance and its control. Ministries and other central bodies respond, according to the law, to the tasks of educational units in their field of activity. The popular councils are responsible for carrying out the tasks regarding the education and administrative-territorial units in which they operate. + Article 19 In organizing and conducting the instructive-educational process, in ensuring the working and life conditions of students, students and teaching staff, the Ministry of Education and Education collaborates with the Communist Youth Union, the Union Associations of Communist Students in Romania, the Pioneers Organization, with the General Union of Trade Unions in Romania, the National Council of Women and the creative unions. The educational units collaborate with the children and youth organizations, with the other public organizations, as well as with state institutions that have tasks in the field of education. + Article 20 The school works with the family in educating children and youth, in their preparation for work and life. The citizens 'committees and the councils of the citizens' committees, organized forms of collaboration between the school and the family and the control of the society on the activity in education, contribute to the improvement of the training process and education of preschoolers and students, to the social integration of the young generation. + Article 21 The management of each educational unit is based on the principle of work and collective leadership, with the wide participation of teaching staff, students and students, representatives of working people from other socialist units, such as and citizen's committees of parents. The director, the dean, the rector, the other staff in the management of the educational units, the entire teaching staff respond to compliance with the legal provisions in the adoption of decisions and in the entire activity of the units, of good organization and conducting the instructive-educational process. + Article 22 The Council of Ministers is responsible for carrying out the party and state decisions in the field of education, ensuring the elaboration of the unitary programme of training and improvement of the workforce and pursues the fulfilment by the Ministry Education and Education, the other ministries and central and local bodies of their obligations in this field. + Chapter 2 Education system + Article 23 The system of education in the Socialist Republic of Romania includes: a) preschool education; b) primary education-grades I-IV; c) secondary education-classes V-VIII; d) high school education, organized on two steps: stage I-grades IX-X and stage II-grades XI-XII, at the day courses, and grades XI-XIII, in the evening courses; e) professional education and foremen; f) higher education; g) qualification courses and agrootechnical mass education; h) postgraduate education, doctorate and other forms of improvement of the training of the working staff; Primary, secondary education and first stage of high school are the compulsory education of 10 years. + Section 1 Preschool education + Article 24 Preschool education aims to contribute to the stimulation of children's thinking and intelligence, to their harmonious physical development, to the appropriation of knowledge necessary to prepare for school, to educate them in the spirit of love Homeland, party and people, the formation of work, order and discipline skills, character traits and advanced behavior. Instructive-educational activity in children's kindergartens is carried out on the basis of unit programs, established by the Ministry of Education and Education. In organizing and conducting the instructive-educational process, the educational units collaborate with the organizations of children and women. + Article 25 Preschool education is organized for children aged 3-6 years and is carried out through kindergartens of children. Children's kindergartens work, as a rule, along with schools. The children's kindergarten program is 4-6 hours a day. Under the law, kindergartens with extended hours or weekly hours can also be organized. + Article 26 Children's kindergartens are organized by the county folk councils and the city of Bucharest, as a rule, on school districts. Children's kindergartens can be organized and besides socialist state units or cooperatives, with the agreement of the county folk council or Bucharest municipality. + Article 27 The plan for the inclusion of children in preschool education is an integral part of the country's unique national economic and social development plan. The network of kindergartens is approved, according to the norms provided by law, by the Ministry of Education and Education, with the opinion of the State Planning Committee, based on the proposals of the county folk councils and the city of Bucharest. + Section 2 Primary and secondary education + Article 28 Primary and secondary education ensures students ' appropriation of fundamental scientific, technical and cultural knowledge, contributes to their intellectual and physical development, to political-ideological and patriotic education, to training. moral-citizens, cultivate their interest and love for work, form practical skills, orient them and prepare them, according to the labour requirements and their skills, for the continuation of studies in high school education. + Article 29 Primary and secondary education is held in schools organized on school constituencies. Depending on the size of the school population, the degree of dispersal of the localities and the existing material base, the schools operate with grades I-IV, I-VIII or I-X. In each commune or city operates at least one school with grades I-X. For the cultivation and development of special talents and skills in primary and secondary education units, classes or groups with additional program of music, fine arts and choreography can be organized. + Article 30 Schools are established and organized accordingly to the uniform structure norms approved according to the law. + Article 31 Primary and secondary education is organized as a daily education. In the first grade of the primary education are included, as a rule, children who have reached the age of 6 until the beginning of the school year. + Article 32 Primary and secondary education is carried out on the basis of learning plans and unique school programs. Educational plans, programs and school textbooks are developed and provided by the Ministry of Education and Education. The process of preparing and educating students is carried out through lessons, laboratory works, productive practice, as well as through hoops and other instructive-educational activities. + Article 33 Productive practice is carried out in schools, in enterprises and other economic units and aims to ensure students the necessary knowledge and skills for work, by carrying out works and making useful products. The content of the productive practice is established by the educational plans and school programs, staggered by classes, depending on the age peculiarities and the effort capacity of the students, by the economic-social structure of the localities. + Article 34 Students who promote 8th grade are obliged to attend the day courses of the first step of high school. + Section 3 High school education + Article 35 High school education provides young people with scientific, cultural and specialized knowledge, as well as polyalification in trades necessary for employment or continuing studies in higher education. High school education continues education through work and youth work, ensures the unitary training of all students in the field of accurate fundamental sciences-mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology-as well as the appropriation of thorough knowledge theoretical and practical specialized, in relation to the high school profile. At the same time, the high school education ensures the political-ideological and moral-citizen education of students, their formation as people with a wide horizon of culture and knowledge, with a high level of socialist consciousness. + Article 36 High school education is achieved through high schools, organized by types and profiles. High schools are usually organized with several profiles, depending on the training requirements of the workforce. The network of high schools, the nomenclature of types and profiles of high schools, as well as the trades in which students are prepared through high school are approved by presidential decree. + Article 37 The daily high school education is organized on two steps, each lasting 2 years. The seral high school education is organized only for the second stage and has a duration of 3 years. The first stage of high school is an integral part of the compulsory education of 10 years and is meant to complete the general knowledge of secondary education and to ensure all young people the training in a profession that allows them to fit into production as a practitioner, to enroll in vocational school or to continue studies in the second stage of high school. The educational programs in the fundamental and general culture disciplines are unique for all types and profiles of high school. Differentiation by types and profiles is carried out in step I through the disciplines related to the profession in which students prepare and through practical activity. The second stage of high school complements the students the preparation to the fundamental disciplines and adinces the practical knowledge and skills in the profession, in order to be able to fit directly into production or as a practitioner, or to continue studies in the education Superior. The programs of education in the fundamental disciplines are unique for the entire high school education, ensuring the young people the continuity of the training started in the first step, as well as the possibility to choose the higher education profile they want. Differentiation of training by high school types and profiles in stage II is carried out through specialized disciplines specific to the chosen profile and profession, as well as through practical activity. + Article 38 High schools are established and operate on the basis of a unified conception, under the direction, guidance and control of the Ministry of Education and Education. The organization of high schools is based on the uniform structure norms by the Ministry of Education and Education, together with the other ministries or other central bodies, as well as with the county folk councils and the city of Bucharest. High schools are organized as self-contained units with classes IX-XII. Under the conditions provided by law, high schools use, in common with vocational schools and foremen, the material base, workshops, laboratories and other facilities. + Article 39 The annual tuition plan for first and second stage of high school is approved by presidential decree, at the proposal of the Ministry of Education and Education, together with ministries and other central bodies and popular councils. county and the city of Bucharest. The distribution of the annual tuition plan on high schools is made by the Ministry of Education and Education, at the proposal of the ministries, the other central bodies and the county folk councils and the city of Bucharest. + Article 40 In the ninth grade, all graduates of secondary education are entered without competition. The educational units have the obligation to ensure the school and vocational orientation of the students in order to achieve the tuition plan at all types and profiles of high schools. If the number of students exceeds the number of places established for each educational establishment, the registration in the ninth grade is based on the verification of their knowledge and skills, according to the norms developed by the Ministry Education and Education. Those who have not been admitted will be directed to enroll in other educational establishments that have free places. + Article 41 When graduating from the 10th grade, students receive the mandatory 10-year education graduation diploma, as well as certificate of qualification that entitles them to fit into production as practitioners in the trades in which they have prepared, to enroll in Professional education or to continue studies in the second stage of high school education. + Article 42 Admission to the second stage of high school is based on competition, organized according to the norms established by the Ministry of Education and Education. At the admission competition for second stage, evening courses, any person who carries out a useful social activity can register and meets the conditions of studies provided by law. The enterprises and other socialist units are obliged to support the workers and other working people who follow the high school education to attend the courses and to thoroughly acquire the knowledge taught. + Article 43 The instructive-educational process in high school education is carried out on the basis of educational plans, programs and school textbooks developed by the Ministry of Education and Education, in collaboration with the other ministries and other central bodies Interested. The educational plans are drawn up differentiated, by types and profiles of high schools. They are unitary for each profile and comprise the fundamental scientific disciplines, the disciplines of general and social-political culture, the specialized disciplines, as well as the practice in production. + Article 44 The instructive-educational process is carried out through lessons, laboratory works, practice in production, carried out during high school and internship, as well as through circles and other political-ideological, cultural-artistic and sports activities. + Article 45 The practice in production is organized, according to the law, depending on the profile of the high schools, in accordance with the qualification requirements for the trades in which the students are preparing. For the practice in production of students, it is ensured, under the conditions provided by law, specialized personnel and other qualified staff. + Article 46 Graduates of the first stage of high school education who do not continue their studies in the second stage of high school or in vocational school fall into production, being obliged to carry out a traineeship with a duration of 6-12 months. Graduates of the second stage of high school to which the preparatory nomenclature provides for an internship of a practitioner and who do not continue the studies in higher education fall into production, having the obligation to carry out a practicing internship of 6 --18 months. The duration of the internship for each profession, its organization and its content, as well as the manner of retribution of practitioners shall be established by decree of the State Council. + Article 47 High school studies end with the baccalaureate exam, organized according to the norms established by the Ministry of Education and Education. Candidates who pass the baccalaureate exam receive the baccalaureate diploma and the certificate of qualification, who give them the right to participate in the admission competition at any higher education institution or to fit into production, according to law + Section 4 Professional education and foremen A. Professional Schools + Article 48 Vocational schools provide students, through the instructive-educational process, the specialized knowledge and practical skills necessary to exercise the trades in which they qualify, political-ideological training, training and development of their consciousness. workers, educating them in the spirit of order and discipline, responsibility for carrying out the tasks entrusted, for the smooth running of the activity of economic units. + Article 49 Vocational schools prepare skilled workers in close connection with the labor requirements of the national economy for certain trades, established by the nomenclature approved according to the law. At vocational schools, graduates of compulsory education of 10 years are received. Vocational schools work with day and evening education and have a duration of 1-1 1/2 years. + Article 50 Professional schools are organized, according to the uniform norms of structure, ministries, other central bodies of the state administration and cooperatives, as well as the county and county councils of Bucharest, with the consent of the Ministry Education and Education and it works by businesses and other socialist units. + Article 51 Vocational schools work together with schools of foremen or qualification centres or as self-contained units. Under the conditions provided by law, vocational schools may use in common with high schools the material basis. + Article 52 In vocational schools, training courses are held for several trades according to the need for skilled workers. + Article 53 The nomenclature of trades and the duration of training through vocational schools, as well as the annual tuition plan are approved by presidential decree, at the proposal of the Ministry of Education and Education, together with ministries and other central bodies and local people who organize vocational schools. The distribution of the annual tuition plan on trades, for each school, is done by ministries and the other central and local bodies that organize such schools, with the agreement of the Ministry of Education and Education. + Article 54 Admission to vocational schools is based on competition, organized under the conditions established by the ministries and other central and local bodies that organize vocational schools, with the agreement of the Ministry of Education and Education. + Article 55 Educational plans, programs and school textbooks are developed by ministries and other central and local bodies that organize vocational schools and are approved by the Ministry of Education and Education. + Article 56 The educational plans of vocational schools are elaborated differently, depending on the trades in which they prepare skilled workers. The plans include practical training, specific specialized, technical and technological disciplines, as well as disciplines and activities aimed at contributing to the political-ideological and moral-citizen education of students. The instructive-educational process is carried out through the direct participation in productive activity, through lessons, laboratory works, as well as through extracurricular activities organized with students. + Article 57 The practice in production is organized according to the law and is carried out daily, alternating with the theoretical education, depending on the job in which the training is done. For the practice in production of students, it is ensured, under the conditions provided by law, specialized personnel and other qualified staff. + Article 58 The courses of the vocational school are concluded by supporting a practical test in the profession in which the training was carried out. Graduates of the vocational school receive the graduation diploma entitling them to the production, according to the law. B. Schools of foremen + Article 59 The schools of foremen provide students, through the instructive-educational process, the knowledge of the latest achievements in the field of trade, modern working techniques and technologies, as well as the knowledge of leading and scientific organization of production and of labor. + Article 60 The schools of maistri are organized by enterprises and other socialist units by ministries and other central bodies, as well as by the county and county folk councils and works, as a rule, together with the schools professional. The duration of the studies is 1-1 1/2 years in the day and 2 years at the seral education. + Article 61 The nomenclature of specialties preparing through schools of foremen and the duration of studies for each specialty is approved by decree of the State Council, and the annual plan of tuition by presidential decree, at the proposal of the Ministry Education and Education, together with the ministries and other central and local bodies that organize such schools. + Article 62 Admission to the schools of foremen is done on the basis of competition, which is organized and carried out under the conditions established by law. + Article 63 The instructive-educational process in the master schools is carried out on the basis of educational plans, programs and school textbooks developed by ministries and other central and local bodies that organize such school facilities, with the agreement Ministry of Education and Education. + Article 64 In the day education, half of the schooling time is affected by the practice in production. Practice in production is organized and carried out according to the law. + Article 65 The courses of the schools of foremen are concluded by graduation exam, which consists of the support of a project or diploma works on a topic established with the consultation of the enterprises for which they are preparing. Students who pass the graduation exam of the school of foremen receive the graduation diploma, which entitles them to the position of foreman, under the conditions provided by law. + Section 5 Higher education + Article 66 The higher education prepares highly qualified specialists for all fields of activity, ensures the students ' appropriation of the latest achievements in the field of science, technology and technology, human culture and knowledge, Scientific socialism and materialistic-dialectical and historical conception of the world and the life, ideology and politics of the party, contribute to the advancement of science, technique and culture. + Article 67 Higher education is achieved through polytechnics, universities, institutes, conservatories and academies, organized on faculties and wards. Within the faculties there are chairs, consisting of teachers of the same specialty or of close specialties, organized according to the uniform norms of structure. The departments are responsible for carrying out the educational, production and scientific research activity of the teaching staff and students, improving the scientific and ideological content of the programs, manuals and courses, modernization of teaching and education methods, as well as the professional and political improvement of teaching staff. + Article 68 The duration of studies in higher education is 3-6 years. Studies in higher education institutions are conducted by day learning. In higher education institutions, including those of technical higher education, under the conditions provided by law, the seral education can be organized, and at some faculties or wards and education without frequency. The seral technical higher education can be followed by the working staff who meet the conditions provided by law and work directly in production in trades related to the profile or specialty of the respective faculty. The duration of studies in the seral and non-frequent learning is higher by one year than the one established for the day education. + Article 69 Establishment of higher education institutions, faculties and departments, as well as the conduct of education in the languages of the co-habiting nationalities, the classification of profiles and specializations for day, evening and non-frequent courses, the duration of the studies and the tuition plan are approved by decree of the State Council, at the proposal of the Ministry of Education and Education. + Article 70 Admission to higher education is based on competition. People who possess a baccalaureate diploma can be present at the admission competition. Only people in work are admitted to the seral and non-frequent education. The registration conditions, disciplines and competition tests, as well as its organization and conduct are established by the Ministry of Education and Education. + Article 71 Graduates with a diploma of higher education, assigned to work, can follow, under the conditions established by law, another faculty by seral education or without frequency. + Article 72 For the purposes of the thorough preparation of students for work and life and the direct participation of higher education in the economic, scientific and cultural activity of the country, the entire educational process of higher education is conducts on its integration with the production, design and scientific research. Higher education must ensure the training of specialists in broad profiles, allowing them to adapt quickly to the transformations that take place in economic and social life, in the field of science and technique. + Article 73 The instructive-educational process is carried out in accordance with the educational plans and programs established by the Ministry of Education and Education, together with the ministries and other central bodies concerned. + Article 74 The Ministry of Education and Education, the governing bodies of higher education units, the entire teaching staff respond to the scientific and political-ideological content of the instructive-educational process, to the elaboration of courses, textbooks and helpful teaching materials, necessary to carry out the learning process. + Article 75 The practice in the production of students must ensure the acquisition of the knowledge and skills necessary for the effective exercise of the future profession, of a thorough practical preparation through the direct participation in the production activity, research scientific and design, economic, social-political, cultural-educational, didactic and health protection activities. The activities carried out by students in the production practice shall be established on the basis of educational plans and practice programmes. The production, research, design, service provision, social-political, educational, sanitary, cultural-artistic institutions for the conduct of the practice in the production of students and teachers are established by the Ministry Education and Education, together with the ministries and other central bodies that have in subordination faculties, wards or specializations and the county folk councils and the city of Bucharest. In higher education institutions can be organized, according to the law, production units, research, design, as well as service supplies. + Article 76 Studies in higher education institutions shall be completed by the diploma examination. Graduates who pass the exam receive diplomas, who give them the right to be assigned to production under the conditions provided by law. + Section 6 Qualification courses and agrootechnical mass education A. Qualification courses + Article 77 In order to prepare skilled workers from the ranks of people who do not have qualification in a profession, qualification courses are organized at work. The qualification courses are organized by enterprises and other socialist units, in collaboration with union and youth organizations. For the preparation of the workers needed by several socialist units, qualification courses can also be organized in high schools, vocational schools or qualification centers. + Article 78 The organization of the qualification courses is done without removal from production and is approved by the ministries and other central state and cooperative bodies, the county folk councils and the city of Bucharest or the management of the industrial plants to which these units are subordinated, according to the tuition plan and within the limits of the allocated funds. + Article 79 The qualification courses have a duration of 3-12 months, depending on the complexity of the trades, and include people who have completed at least the compulsory education. The registration conditions, the trades and the duration of the courses are established by the central stakeholders, with the consent of the Ministry of Labour and the Ministry of Education and Education, based on the approved trades nomenclature. The annual tuition plan shall be established by the single national economic and social development plan. + Article 80 The qualification courses are carried out according to the programs developed by the bodies under which the socialist units that organize them are located. + Article 81 The qualification courses shall be completed by the qualification examination, held before the training and refresher committee, employment and promotion from the respective unit, on the basis of which the graduates receive a certificate of graduation, which gives them the right to production under the conditions provided by law corresponding to the qualification obtained. B. Mass agrootechnical education + Article 82 The agrootechnical mass education aims to ensure the permanent completion and enrichment of the knowledge of the cooperative peasants, the mechanizers, the workers of the state agricultural enterprises or other sectors of agriculture, in the strbut the connection with the work they carry out in workplaces. + Article 83 The agrootechnical mass education has a permanent character and is organized on activity profiles and labor formations by the state and cooperative agricultural units, under the guidance of the Ministry of Agriculture and Food Industry. + Article 84 The practical training is carried out directly in the production process of the agricultural units in which they work and consists of carrying out specific practical works and learning the management of tractors and other agricultural machines. Theoretical training is organized during the winter period in vocational schools, agro-industrial high schools or other school or production units and is carried out on the basis of norms and programs developed by the Ministry of Agriculture and Food Industry, together with the National Union of Agricultural Production Cooperatives and the Ministry of Education and Education. + Article 85 The Ministry of Agriculture and Food Industry is obliged to develop the teaching materials necessary for the agrootechnical mass education. The teaching materials are awarded to the students free of charge. + Article 86 In the non-cooperative areas, during the winter period, the county general directions for agriculture and food industry, together with the county committees of culture and socialist education organize cycles of agrootechnical conferences and other forms of training of working people in agriculture, according to the specific area. + Section 7 Improving the training of working staff A. Perfecting the training of workers, technicians, foremen and other working personnel + Article 87 In order to continuously improve the professional training of the working staff in all fields of activity, in relation to the new conquests of science and technique, the requirements of the economic and social development of the country are organized, under the conditions provided by law, forms of improvement of professional training. The improvement of the professional training of the working staff is organized by the ministries, the other central bodies, the county folk councils and the city of Bucharest, on specialties and profiles in their field of activity. + Article 88 The Ministry of Education and Education directs and coordinates, according to the law, the entire activity of perfecting the training of the working staff, ensuring the unitary achievement of the party and state policy in this field. The Ministry of Education and Education, together with the Ministry of Labour and the State Planning Committee, elaborates, based on the proposals of the ministries, the other central bodies, as well as the county folk councils and the municipality Bucharest, the project of annual plans and the prospect of perfecting professional training as an integral part of the plans and programs of insurance, training and improvement of the workforce. + Article 89 In order to carry out the refresher programs organized by the ministries, the other central bodies, the county folk councils and the city of Bucharest and the subordinate units, the Ministry of Education and Education grants, through the education and research, guidance and expert assistance, develop, together with the other ministries and central bodies, programs and framework topics for the organization of refresher courses, documentary materials and other necessary works improving the organisation and content of the processing activity. + Article 90 The activities carried out by teachers in the improvement of the professional training of the working staff are a duty of service, being included in their mandatory teaching norm. B. Improvement through postgraduate courses + Article 91 The postgraduate courses are a form of improvement of the training of specialists from different fields of economics, science, technique and culture who have graduated from a higher education institution lasting at least 4 years in the day or at least 5 years in the evening classes or without frequency, for the purpose of completing, adding or renewing professional knowledge. + Article 92 The postgraduate courses are organized by the higher education institutions and are carried out within them. + Article 93 The perfecting nomenclature on fields and the annual tuition plan at postgraduate courses is approved by presidential decree, at the proposal of the Ministry of Education and Education, together with ministries and other central bodies Interested. Education plans and programs for postgraduate courses are developed by higher education institutions, together with ministries and other central bodies concerned and approved by the Ministry of Education and Education. + Article 94 Postgraduate courses are usually carried out without frequency. The duration of the courses, as well as the conditions of carrying out some teaching and knowledge verification activities, are established by decree of the State Council. + Article 95 The graduation of postgraduate courses is done through exams, as well as by supporting a graduation work according to the education plan. Graduates of postgraduate courses receive their graduation diploma. C. Perfecting by PhD + Article 96 The PhD is the superior form of perfecting the training of specialists in different branches of science, technique and culture. The doctorate is organized, according to the law, by higher education institutions, science academies and central research institutes. The theme and content of the activities for obtaining the title of doctor are established by branches and fields of science by the central research institutes, science academies and higher education institutions, in collaboration with the production and social-cultural profile. + Article 97 The specialties in which the doctorate is organized are approved, under the conditions established by law, with the nomenclature of profiles and specializations for higher education. + Article 98 The establishment of the tuition figure and its distribution on higher education institutions, science academies, central research institutes and research units are made by the Ministry of Education and Education, with the opinion of the National Council for Science and Technology and the State Planning Committee. + Article 99 The way of organizing the admission to the doctorate, the training session of the doctoral students and obtaining the scientific title of doctor are established by decree of the State Council. D. Improvement of training of teaching staff + Article 100 The entire system of perfecting the professional training of teaching staff is aimed at the thorough appropriation of the specialized discipline and the methodices of its teaching, of the ideology and of the politics of our party and state, of the achievements we in the field of specialty and pedagogy, of working methods with preschoolers, students and students. + Article 101 The training of teaching staff is organized by the Ministry of Education and Education through educational and scientific research units. The economic ministries, the other central and local bodies that subordinate educational units have the obligation to support the improvement of the training of the teaching staff, in accordance with the development of the production technique and technologies, with Instructive-educational process requirements. + Article 102 The training activities of teaching staff are organized differentiated, depending on the specifics of the work and the educational cycle in which it operates, based on the annual and perspective plans developed by Ministry of Education and Education, as follows: a) for the teaching staff of the preschool and primary education, refresher courses, periodic methodical-scientific activities, consfatuations and exchanges of experience, as well as preparation activities in order to finalize in function and obtaining of teaching degrees; b) for the teaching staff in the secondary school, high school, vocational and foremen are organized refresher courses, internships in productive units, scientific and methodical activities, consfatuations and exchanges of experience, as well as training activities to finalize in office and obtain teaching degrees; c) for the teaching staff of the higher education are organized the perfecting by doctorate, postgraduate courses, internships in production units, research and design, periodic seminars, short-term, consfatuiri and manifestations Scientific advice. Participation in refresher activities is mandatory. + Article 103 The improvement of the training of teaching staff teaching social science disciplines in all grades is done by the Ministry of Education and Education, together with the "Stefan Gheorghiu" Academy. + Article 104 The improvement of the training of the staff with leadership, guidance and control positions in the preschool, primary and secondary education is organized by the school inspectorates, and those from the high school, professional and foreman education, from higher education and school inspectorates, by the Ministry of Education and Education. + Chapter 3 Education in the languages of the conhabiting nationalities + Article 105 Young people among the co-habiting nationalities are provided with equal conditions to prepare in any form of education and to be assigned to any job, in relation to the needs of the economy and social life, to their training and skills. + Article 106 In the administrative-territorial units inhabited and of population of other nationality than the Romanian one shall be organized, in accordance with the uniform norms of structure, educational units, sections, classes or groups with teaching and in the languages those nationalities. At vocational schools, schools of foremen, qualification courses and agrootechnical mass education, which operate in these localities, teaching activities can also take place in the languages of the conhabiting nationalities. + Article 107 In order to participate actively in the entire political, economic and social-cultural life of the country, young people among the co-resident nationalities are provided with the appropriation of the Romanian language. For this purpose, in the primary, secondary and secondary education units, with the teaching in the languages of the conhabiting nationalities, the Romanian language is studied, and some disciplines, provided in the education plan, can be taught in Romanian. + Article 108 Parents or young people belonging to the co-resident nationalities can opt for enrolment in the educational unit with teaching in the language of their respective nationality or in Romanian. Young people belonging to the co-resident nationalities, who attend educational units with teaching in Romanian, are provided, on request, under the law, as an object of study and the language of their nationality. + Article 109 At the admission competitions organized, according to the law, the candidates from among the co-resident nationalities have the right to support the evidence in the language of their nationality in the disciplines they studied in this language. + Article 110 In order to carry out the education in the languages of the co-habiting nationalities, the Ministry of Education and Education ensures the preparation and improvement of the teaching staff, as well as the manuals and other necessary teaching In the educational units with teaching in the languages of the conhabiting nationalities, in the subjects that are taught in Romanian, they also ensure textbooks in the language of their respective nationality. + Chapter 4 General bases of education and education + Section 1 Professional, scientific and cultural training + Article 111 The entire activity carried out in the education of all grades for the formation of youth for work and life, professional, scientific and cultural training, studying and appropriation of advanced science and culture must be based on the scientific, revolutionary conception of dialectical and historical materialism. + Article 112 The education has the obligation to ensure the thorough study and control by students and students of the Romanian language, the knowledge of the literature, history and geography of the homeland, the cultivation of love for the advanced traditions of the people's culture, the enlargement the horizon of general culture. It must also ensure the knowledge of universal history and geography, of all that is more valuable in the culture and civilization of mankind. + Article 113 At the core of all youth training, in all forms of education, the knowledge of the fundamental sciences of nature, of the technical and agricultural sciences, the arming of students and students with the newest conquests of the Contemporary technical-scientific revolution. To this end, the education must ensure: a) appropriation by students and students of basic knowledge in the field of mathematics, physics, chemistry and biology; b) appropriate knowledge, in the field of electronics and electrotechnics, mechanics, fine mechanics, energetics and new energy sources, geology, machines, high-performance appliances and installations, modern technology and technologies from different fields of activity; c) adequate knowledge in the field of agricultural sciences, botanicals, zoology, genetics and soil science, agricultural techniques and technologies; d) the scientific and technical education of the youth, the creation of skills and the habit of working in productive activity, the development of the creative spirit, the passion for the new, in order to be able to integrate quickly, after the completion of the studies in the activity of production, of scientific and technological research, in order to use in the best modern technical conditions from the endowment of the national economy and contribute to the development of Romanian science, technology and technology. + Article 114 Education of all grades must arm students and students with thorough knowledge in the field of economic sciences, management and scientific organization of production and work, in order to actively participate in the realization of tasks. economic, to the continuous increase of efficiency in all sectors of activity, to the entire work of economic and social development of the country, leading the socialist society. + Section 3 Political-educational activity and study of social sciences in education + Article 115 The education of all ranks has the duty to ensure, with the thorough, professional, scientific and cultural preparation of all young people, their communist, revolutionary education, their formation as new, multilaterally developed people, Conscious and devoted builders of socialism and communism. Each educational establishment must be a strong center of socialist and communist education of children and young people. + Article 116 Through its entire content, the learning process must contribute to the education of students and students in the spirit of the revolutionary conception of the working class, to the formation in their ranks of a scientific, creative thinking, of capacity to act in accordance with the requirements of the development of economy, science and culture, social progress, to show an uncompromising attitude towards everything that is obsolete and retrograde. + Article 117 All young people, regardless of the specialization they choose and the field in which they will work, must possess thorough social and political knowledge to be able to actively participate in the edification of the new society, to lead the entire economic life and social. To this end, in the entire education, with the fundamental scientific disciplines, of general and specialized culture, historical, economic, philosophical and social-political disciplines are studied. + Article 118 The teaching of social sciences is carried out on the basis of the Program of the Romanian Communist Party, its ideology and politics, the dialectic and historical materialism and the principles of scientific socialism, the latest achievements of the practice Revolutionary and human knowledge. + Article 119 The study of social sciences aims to ensure the young generations ' appropriation of the party's ideology and policy, to contribute to the cultivation in their ranks of the traits of socialist consciousness, ideals and beliefs. communist, to their formation as active militants for the progress and prosperity of the homeland, for the triumph of ideals of peace, freedom and social justice in the world. The teaching of social sciences must ensure the knowledge by students and students of the struggle past of our party and people, of Romania's development prospects, the appropriation of certain economic, social-political and philosophical, understanding the objective laws of social development, processes and phenomena occurring in nature and society. The social sciences must contribute to the formation and development of the combative spirit of students and students to the unscientific, mystical ideas and theories, to any foreign influences of the communist conception of the world and life. + Article 120 Teachers in the field of social sciences have the duty to relentlessly raise their level of political-ideological training, to ensure the teaching of these disciplines in close connection with social-political realities, with the party's concerns and our state, with the problems of international life and the evolution of contemporary society; they have the duty to participate in practical, social-political activity, to the propagation of the party's ideology and politics among the masses of working people. + Article 121 The communist education of youth is a fundamental social and ethical duty of all teaching staff. All teachers, regardless of the discipline they teach, respond to the education and multilateral training of students and students, of printing in their ranks of the spirit of order and discipline, of honor and fairness, of respect for the laws of the country and socialist norms of coexistence, of the attitude submitted, responsible for work, of school and public duties. In the education of all grades, teachers have the obligation to ensure the direct guidance of students and students, to participate actively, together with them, to the entire process of learning, production and research, as well as to political-ideological and cultural-educational activities. For the organization and coordination of the training and education of students, in secondary school, high school and vocational education, each class has a supervisor, designated by the management board of the school unit among teachers with high proficiency and rich experience, which enjoys prestige and authority in and out of school. + Article 122 In the work of educating students and students an important role they meet the organizations of children and youth, who are called to cultivate together with school and family, the responsibility of children and young people towards teaching, preparing for work and life, to organize political-ideological, cultural-artistic, sports activity, useful use of free time. + Article 123 To ensure the wide participation of preschoolers, students and students in the cultural-artistic activity and the development of their creative capacity, in the educational units, in the houses of the pawns and falcons of the homeland, in the houses of culture of youth and students are organized clubs, circles, cenacles, ensembles and bands that operate outside the school program. + Chapter 5 Scientific research + Section 1 Scientific research in higher education + Article 124 Scientific research in higher education is based on annual and prospective plans, an integral part of the single national economic and social development plan. The entire orientation of the scientific research activity in the higher education must ensure the participation of teachers and students in solving the essential problems related to the economic and social development of the country, the progress science and culture. + Article 125 In relation to the profile of the higher education institution, teachers and students are required to participate in the scientific research, technological design and introduction of technical progress, as well as the work of research in the other specialized fields. The teaching staff carries out the research activity according to the tasks established by the labor norms The students participate in the research work together with the teaching and scientific research staff based on the tasks established by the education plans. + Article 126 Research activity in the field of technical, economic, nature and medical sciences is carried out together also within the central institutes and profile academies, under their direction, and is an integral part of the unitary plans. research on branches and fields of science. The research activity in the field of social and political sciences is usually carried out in the departments and research units in education, under the leadership of the Ministry of Education and Education, in collaboration with the Academy of Social Sciences and Political. + Article 127 The unitary coordination of the scientific research activity in education is done by the National Council for Science and Technology and the Ministry of Education and Education, together with the other ministries and central bodies, and the branches and areas of science, by the central research institutes and academies of sciences. + Article 128 The higher education units respond to the good organization of the participation of teachers and students in scientific research and technological development, as well as the integration of laboratories and their own materials base within the central research institutes and the relevant academies. The scientific research activity of teachers and students is carried out on the basis of research contracts concluded, according to the law, with socialist units. + Article 129 The teaching staff of the higher education have the obligation and bear the responsibility for training the students to solve the scientific research tasks, for the proper guidance and orientation of the activity of the technical-scientific circles student and development to students of passion for the new, for the appropriation of the latest conquests of science and technique, of human knowledge. + Section 2 Scientific research in high school, professional and foreman education + Article 130 The teaching staff from the high school, professional and foreman education participate in the research activity within the research units, the scientific societies of the teaching staff, the methodical-scientific circles, as well as in the collectives constituted locally for the resolution of problems regarding the economic and social development of counties, as well as technical problems of economic units in industry, agriculture, construction and other branches of the economy in the localities That. + Article 131 The students are trained at the research activity in the works carried out in laboratories and the practice in production, as well as through technical-scientific circles, competitions, Olympiads, communication sessions and other manifestations of character cultural-scientific. + Article 132 The unitary guidance of the research activity of the teachers from the high school, professional and foreman education is carried out by fields and branches of science, by the central research institutes and the academies of sciences through societies technical-scientific of the teaching staff. + Article 133 Educational units, teaching staff, together with youth organizations, must cultivate in the ranks of students the spirit of scientific creation, the passion for their appropriation of research methods and techniques, to ensure their wide participation in the activity of technical-scientific circles, at Olympiads, at technical competitions, as well as at other scientific events. + Chapter 6 Physical education and sport in education + Article 134 In the education of all grades, the activity of physical education and sport is necessarily organized. Physical education and sport contribute to the maintenance and strengthening of health, the increase of physical and intellectual capacity, the harmonious physical and moral development of children and youth, the formation among them of healthy skills work and life. + Article 135 The activity of physical education and sports is organized and carried out on the basis of plans and educational programs developed by the Ministry of Education and Education together with the National Council for Physical Education and Sports. The activities of physical education and sports are set in a differentiated way, on cycles of education, depending on the age and the requirements of ensuring the development, fortification and increase of the resistance of the body of children and young people. + Article 136 The educational units are obliged to organize the activity of physical education and sports of preschoolers, students and students in compliance with the plans and programs of education and are responsible for the efficiency of this activity. Educational establishments and child and youth organizations have the obligation to ensure the wide participation of students and students in mass sports activity. For students and students with special skills for performance sport, school and university sports circles, interschool sports clubs, localities, higher education institutions and students are organized in educational establishments. university centres. The Ministry of Education and Education in collaboration with the National Council for Physical Education and Sport are responsible for the selection of children and young people for performance sport, their thorough preparation in order to achieve results Superior sports and organize their participation in competitions and sports competitions. + Article 137 The Ministry of Education and Education together with the National Council for Physical Education and Sport are responsible for the entire process of preparing and perfecting the staff for the physical education and sports activity. + Chapter 7 Teaching staff + Article 138 The instructive-educational activity in the educational units is carried out by the teaching staff. The teaching staff consists of: a) teacher-in preschool education; b) teachers-in primary education; c) teachers-in secondary and secondary education; d) teachers-in professional education and foremen; e) assistants, lecturers (heads of works), lecturers and university professors-in higher education. + Article 139 The teaching positions are occupied in preschool, primary, secondary, high school, vocational and foreman education through distribution or competition, and in higher education, through competition. Competitions for filling teaching positions are open. At these competitions you can present any person who has a thorough professional, political-ideological training, pedagogical skills, advocates for the living translation of party and state politics, the principles of ethics and equity Socialist, meets the conditions of studies and seniority, provided in the Staff Regulations. Persons presenting to the competition for the occupation of teaching positions must meet the following conditions of studies: a) for educators-graduation, with baccalaureate exam, pedagogical high school; b) for the teacher-graduation, with baccalaureate exam, of the pedagogical high school; c) for teacher in secondary education-graduation, with diploma examination, pedagogical institute or other higher education institution; d) for teacher in high school education-graduation, with diploma examination, of a higher education institution lasting at least 4 years; e) for teacher in vocational education-graduation, with diploma examination, of a higher education institution lasting at least 4 years or the education of subengineers; f) for teacher in the teacher education-graduation, with diploma examination, of a higher education institution lasting at least 4 years; g) for university assistant, lecturer (head of works), lecturer and university professor-graduation, with diploma examination, of a higher education institution lasting at least 4 years; The scientific title of doctor is also required to fill the positions of lecturer and university professor. Specialists with high training and rich experience in productive, economic and social activity can participate in the competition, under the conditions provided by law, and if they do not have the scientific title of doctor. The contest for filling positions in education of all grades is organized and carried out according to the Statute of the teaching staff. + Article 140 In order to ensure a permanent link between education, production and research, teachers who teach technical and technological disciplines in high school education, professional, foremen, as well as teaching staff in education superior, have the obligation to work periodically in production, research and design or other socialist units of profile. The periods and conditions of the passing of the teaching staff in production, research and design, as well as of the staff in these fields of education, shall be established by the Staff Regulations. In order to improve the teaching methods and the entire instructive-educational process, for teachers in education of all grades are organized, under the conditions provided by law, pedagogical seminars, refresher courses and other forms of pedagogical training. + Article 141 The teaching staff mainly benefit from the following rights: a) to occupy, under the law, according to the professional training and its specialty, teaching positions and to be repaid in accordance with the socialist principle of distribution according to the quantity and quality of the work submitted; b) to benefit from all the conditions provided by law for the improvement of professional training; c) to be promoted in work according to the preparation, experience and results obtained, in accordance with the provisions of the Staff Regulations; d) to participate in the debate and resolution of problems regarding the development and improvement of the activity in education, in the elaboration of textbooks and other teaching materials; e) to use for the preparation and conduct of the teaching and scientific activity the materials, the machinery and the entire material basis of the educational units; f) to participate in the management, organization and control of the activity of the unit, to be elected or appointed to the governing bodies of the educational institution, in teaching positions or guidance and control of the education; g) to publish specialized works and to capitalize on the results of scientific research and literary-artistic creation; h) to benefit from the other rights provided by law for the working staff and the Staff Regulations. + Article 142 The teaching staff has the following main duties: a) to relentlessly raise his level of professional and political-ideological training, to appropriate new achievements in his specialized field and pedagogy; b) be a model of attire and behavior in the entire activity, both in the educational institution and in society and family; c) to ensure a high level of professional, political and cultural training to students and students, in close connection with practice, with the advances of science and technique, to support students and students who have difficulties in teaching throughout the school year, as well as in the run-up to the corigence or backlog exams; d) to educate students and students in the spirit of responsibility for work and teaching, respect for school and university life norms, the laws of the country and the duties of citizens, love and devotion to the homeland, party and people, of the high ideals of socialism and communism; e) to act to print in the conscience and conduct of young people the spirit of order and discipline, of social responsibility for fulfilling their obligations in school, work and life; f) to support the educational, political-ideological, cultural-artistic and sports actions of the children and youth organizations; g) contribute through the activity of scientific, technical and artistic creation to the progress of the national economy, science and culture; h) to participate in social-public, cultural-educational activities and to spread scientific knowledge, to the entire work that is carried out to raise the level of consciousness and culture of the masses. + Article 143 The teaching staff has the obligation to participate in all teaching activities and to fully carry out the tasks provided in the education program. During the educational process, the exercise of teaching, production and research duties or participation in actions that are carried out in an organized manner with students and students, teachers cannot be taken out for the performance of other activities. Also, for the full fulfillment of their obligations, teachers who have tasks provided for in the education program cannot be sent during the school year to carry out teaching or research activities abroad. + Article 144 In order to ensure the strict observance of the norms of socialist ethics and fairness, of the school and university discipline by the entire teaching staff, besides the county school inspectorates and the city of Bucharest, as well as The councils of rectors or higher education institutions operate the discipline colleges. The Ministry of Education and Education operates the Central College of Discipline of Teaching Staff. The discipline colleges analyze the deviations enjoyed by teachers in and outside educational institutions, which affect the prestige of the profession of educator and apply the sanctions provided by law. + Article 145 The rules on the discipline of teaching staff, the organization and functioning of the discipline colleges, as well as those regarding the classification, promotion and improvement of teachers, are established by the Statute of the teaching staff, approved by decree of the State Council. + Chapter 8 Rights and duties of students and students + Article 146 Students and students have the following rights: a) to follow, free of charge, without payment of any school fee, any form of education, according to the needs of the economic and social development of the country and with their skills. Students from primary, secondary, high school and vocational education benefit, free of charge, from school textbooks; b) to use the existing didactic-material basis in educational institutions; c) to benefit, according to the law, from scholarships, accommodation in boarding schools and dormitories, meals at canteens and other forms of material support, free medical assistance, as well as rest in the units organized for this purpose; d) to benefit from the forms of stimulation provided by law for the practice-productive and research activity carried out, as well as for the outstanding results obtained in teaching; e) to participate in the activity of scientific, technical and artistic circles, literary cenacles, artistic ensembles, associations and sports clubs, at the editing of school and university magazines, in competitions, exhibitions and other activities technical, cultural-artistic and sports; f) to participate in the management of the educational establishment, within the collective management bodies; g) to be assigned to work, at graduation, according to the law. + Article 147 Students and students from the seral education and students from education without frequency benefit from the rights provided in the previous article, lit. a) para. 1 1, lit. b) and e), as well as the programming in working shifts that allow them to attend courses and annual leave of studies, under the conditions provided by law, for the preparation and support of exams. + Article 148 Students and students are obliged: a) to learn thoroughly and to work with passion to the very latest conquests of science, technique and culture, of human knowledge, to manifest interest in everything new and advanced, to relentlessly broaden its horizon. cultural-scientific, to prepare with high responsibility for work and life, to fit into production, in economic and social activity; b) to appropriate the ideology and politics of the party, its conception of the world and life, to know the history and the struggle past of the people, of the working class and of the party, to act in the spirit of the unity and brotherly friendship of the young, the to all working people in our homeland, without distinction of nationality, to form as advanced people, active militants for the achievement of the Program of edification of the developed multilateral socialist society and the advance of Romania to communism; c) to be devoted to the homeland, to the party and to the people, ready to defend, with any sacrifices, the revolutionary conquests, independence and sovereignty of the country, to fight for the triumph of the cause of socialism, progress and peace in the world; d) to participate in the practical, production, research and design activities, to appropriate, in the best conditions, the profession or profession for which they prepare, to form their thorough work skills to actively contribute to the economic and social development of the country; e) to respect the Constitution and the laws of the country, the principles of socialist ethics and fairness, to form high moral-citizen traits, to behave in all circumstances corresponding to the socialist norms of coexistence in society; f) to regularly attend the courses, to participate in all activities established by the education plan; to observe the school and university regulations, order and discipline, to have an appropriate attire and behavior in the Education and beyond; g) keep and carefully use the material basis of the educational establishment, as well as of the units in which they perform productive practice or the research and design activity; h) to comply with the rules for the organization and functioning of boarding schools, dormitories and canteens and to participate in their self-management activities; i) to present and work, after graduation, at the workplace where they were assigned. + Chapter 9 Management of educational units + Article 149 The management of educational units is carried out, according to the law, based on the principle of labor and collective leadership. + Article 150 The collective governing bodies of the educational units are: a) the management board-at schools, high schools, vocational schools and foremen; for children's kindergartens the governing council is common with that of the schools together with which it operates; b) the teaching council-at the faculties and senate-at the higher education institutions; c) scientific council-at research units within higher education institutions, organized according to the law. + Article 151 The management board of the school, high school, vocational school and foremen is made up of principal and deputy directors, representatives of the teaching staff, elected by the general assembly of the teaching staff, representatives of the organization The Romanian Communist Party, the union organizations, the children and youth, designated by them, party and state activists, representatives of the popular councils, the citizens ' committees of parents, as well as specialists and workers from the production, research and design units. + Article 152 The faculty of the faculty and the senate of the institution of higher education are composed, as the case may be, of dean and vice-decans, rector and vice-rectors, scientific secretary, representatives of the teaching staff, elected by the general assembly of staff didactic, and for senate, by the faculty teachers of the faculties, the secretary of the organization of the Romanian Communist Party, representatives of the union and youth organizations, appointed by them, as well as party and state activists, representatives of ministries and other central bodies, councils folk, personalities of economic, scientific and cultural life, specialists and workers from the production, research and design units. + Article 153 From the boards of the educational units, the teaching councils of the faculties and the senate of the higher education institutions, of the Higher Council of Education and Education, the county councils of education and education, as well as from the other organs of guidance and control of the education are, properly, also teachers from the turn of the co-resident nationalities. + Article 154 The number of members of the collective management bodies is 3-15 at the units that have less than 50 teaching positions; 21-29 at the units with 50-100 teaching positions; 31-41 at the units with 101-500 teaching positions; 53-55 at the units with 501-1000 posts didactic; 61-63 at units with 1001-1300 teaching positions; 89-91 at units with over 1300 teaching positions. Of the total members of these organs, 2/3 will be teachers and, in relation to the educational unit, 6-10 percent students and 12-15 percent students. + Article 155 The chairman of the school, high school, vocational school and maistri school board is the director of the educational unit. The chair of the faculty's teaching board is its dean. The president of the senate of the institution of higher education is a personality of political, scientific, economic or cultural life, designated under the conditions provided by law. + Article 156 The management board of the school, high school, vocational school and the school of foremen has the following main duties: a) organize, guide and control the entire instructive-educational process and respond to the content and results of the training and education activity, in accordance with the legal provisions; b) debate the main problems of the instructive-educational activity and establish measures to improve it; c) approves the program of political-ideological, cultural-educational and sports activities; d) make proposals for the appointment of directors and deputy directors; e) ensure the participation of teachers in training activities of professional training and contribute to the generalization of positive experience from the work of teaching staff, to the improvement of teaching methods and practice productive of students. In carrying out its duties, the governing board shall work with the citizens ' committee of parents. + Article 157 The faculty of the faculty has the following main tasks: a) organizes, directs and controls the conduct of the instructive-educational process and the scientific research activity; b) participate in the development of education plans and programs and make proposals for their improvement; c) organize, ensure and guide the realization of the integration of education with scientific production and research, approve the annual plan of production, research, design and services; d) endorses the states of functions of the teaching staff drawn up by the chairs; e) approve the annual plans of the production, research, design and service units; f) establishes the common plan of political-ideological, cultural-educational and sports activities; g) make proposals for the appointment of the dean, the vice-deans and the scientific secretary, as well as the teachers for senate; h) approves the organization and conduct of competitions for the filling of teaching positions; i) organize the training of teaching staff; j) grant the scientific title of doctor. + Article 158 The Senate of the higher education institution shall perform the following main tasks: a) guide and control the conduct of the instructive-educational process; b) endorses the plans and educational programs developed by the faculties; c) approves the annual plan of production, research, design and services of the institution of higher education, pursues and directs the realization of the integration of education with scientific production and research; d) guide the scientific research activity; e) approve the plan of political-ideological, cultural-educational and sports activities, of the institution of higher education; f) confirms the composition of the teaching councils of the faculties and scientific councils of the research units; g) make proposals for appointments in the positions of rector, vice-rectors and scientific secretary, as well as for the structure of the chairs and the appointment of the heads of department; h) decides on the results of the competitions for filling the teaching positions and forwards them to the Ministry of Education and Education; i) endorse the states of functions, in order to approve them by the Ministry of Education and Education; j) approve the plan of improvement of the teaching staff of the higher education institution; k) decides, under the law, on the conferral of the title of "doctor honoris causa"; l) adopt the revenue and expenditure budget of the institution of higher education and shall pursue its execution; m) establishes measures regarding the continuous improvement of the working and living conditions of the students and the working staff of the higher education institution. + Article 159 The collective management of the operative activity of educational institutions shall be exercised by the executive offices of the collective management bodies. The executive offices are, as the case may be, the director and deputy directors, rector, vice-rectors, deans, vice-deans and scientific secretaries, secretary of the organization of the Romanian Communist Party, president of the Union Council of Associations Community students or the Association of Communists Students, the secretary of the Communist Youth Union organization, the instructor commander of the pioneer unit, the union representative. The President of the Executive Office shall be the Director, Dean or Rector of the respective educational establishment. + Article 160 The executive offices of the governing boards, the teaching councils and the senates of the educational units ensure that the decisions of these bodies are fulfilled. The executive offices are responsible for the organization and proper conduct of the instructive-educational process, the management and use of all financial means and materials of educational units, compliance with the legal provisions in the adoption of decisions and in the entire activity of educational institutions. + Article 161 The current management of the activity of the educational units and the implementation of the decisions of their governing bodies and of the tasks established by the body to which the educational institution is subordinated shall be carried out by; a) Director-at kindergartens, schools, schools, vocational schools and foremen; b) rector-at higher education institutions, dean-at faculties and head of department-at the department. In their activity, they are helped by deputy directors, vice-rectors or vice-decans, according to the law. + Article 162 The collective management bodies of the educational units shall be elected for a period of 4 years. Deputy directors and directors are called, according to the law, as a rule, no more than twice consecutive, and rectors, vice-rectors, deans, vice-deans, heads of department, no more than two consecutive times. The composition of the collective management bodies of schools, high schools, vocational schools and maistri schools is approved by the communal, city, municipal, or the sectors of the Bucharest municipality, in whose area they carries out the activity, of the faculties by senate, and of the senates by the Ministry of Education and Education. + Article 163 Boards, teacher boards and senates meet once a quarter and whenever needed, on the initiative of the president, rector, dean, director or at the request of at least one third of the members ' number. to them. Executive offices meet once a month and, at the request of the president, whenever needed. Collective management bodies adopt decisions with the majority of their members. + Article 164 The collective management bodies of the educational units in their entirety and each individual member shall be accountable to the central and local bodies to which those units are subordinated; each member shall be accountable to the management body. collective of which it belongs and its chairman, for the performance of the tasks entrusted to it. + Article 165 The educational units are subordinated to the Ministry of Education and Education and other central or local bodies, as follows: a) kindergartens and schools operate in double subordination, compared to the Ministry of Education and Education and the folk councils of the administrative-territorial unit in which they operate; b) high schools operate in double subordination to the Ministry of Education and Education and to ministries and other central bodies. High schools are also subordinated to the county folk councils or the city of Bucharest; c) vocational schools and schools of foremen are subordinated to enterprises or other socialist units besides which operate, ministries, other central or local bodies that organize them and the Ministry of Education and Education; d) higher education institutions, faculties, departments or specializations within them operate in double subordination to the Ministry of Education and Education and to ministries and other central bodies. + Chapter 10 Guidance, control and coordination of education + Article 166 The Congress of Education and Education analyses and debates how to achieve party and state decisions in the field of education, the formation of communist frameworks and education, the revolutionary youth, the fundamental problems of development and improvement of the education of all grades in accordance with the requirements of the economic and social development of the country, the education plans and the preparation and improvement of teachers, manuals and necessary materials relentless improvement of the instructive-educational process, increasing the role school in social life, in training and educating the young generations of the homeland. The Congress of Education and Education is organized every 5 years. + Article 167 The educational plans for the education of all grades are elaborated with the wide participation of teachers from higher education, high school and other forms of education, of specialists from production, research, design and other sectors of social activity and submit to the debate and approval of the Congress of education and education. The educational plans adopted by the congress will be valid for at least the duration of a cycle of education, and their modification will be possible at least 1 year before their application. + Article 168 For the guidance, control and coordination of education of all grades, the Higher Council of Education and Education is organized. + Article 169 The Higher Council of Education and Education responds to the achievement of the party and state policy in the field of education, controls and directs the work of the Ministry of Education and Education and the other ministries and central bodies and local, make proposals to the leadership of the party and the state for continuous improvement of activity in education. To this end, the Higher Council of Education and Education shall perform the following main tasks: a) elaborates programs on improving the organization of education, improving the content and increasing the efficiency of the educational process in all educational establishments; b) analyze and take measures for the integration of education with scientific production and research, for the strbut binding of the entire educational process with practical, economic and social activity; c) study and debate, differentiated, on forms of education-pre-school, primary and secondary school, high school, professional, foreman and superior-the way in which the instructive-educational process takes place and takes measures for strict compliance with decisions the party and the laws of the country throughout the education system; d) analyze the political-ideological and cultural-educational activity carried out in the educational units and adopt measures for the continuous improvement of this activity, develop and submit for approval programs on activity politico-educational and teaching of social sciences; e) debates the way in which scientific research is carried out in education and takes measures to increase its contribution to solving the problems of the economic and social development of the country; f) analyze the activity carried out for the preparation and improvement of the teaching staff and propose measures for its rational use and distribution throughout the country; g) debates draft normative acts that interest its field of activity and make proposals for improving the legislation of education; h) controls the way in which the Ministry of Education and Education, the other ministries and central bodies, as well as the county folk councils and the city of Bucharest ensure the fulfillment of the party and state decisions in the field of Education. + Article 170 The Higher Council of Education and Education is made up of teachers, scientific researchers, staff with leadership positions from educational units and school inspectorates, representatives of central party bodies, representatives of education and training. Children's, youth, union and women's organizations, the National Council for Science and Technology, science academies and central scientific research institutes, ministries and other central bodies that have powers to do so. the field of education, of the Council per country of the citizens ' committees of parents and of the councils of working people belonging to the conhabiting nationalities, workers and other working people from the socialist units. The president of the Higher Council of Education and Education is a party and state activist. The operative leadership of the Higher Council of Education and Education shall be provided by the Executive Office, composed of the Minister of Education and Education, as President, Vice-Presidents and Members. The composition of the Higher Council of Education and Education is approved by presidential decree. + Article 171 Within the Higher Council of Education and Education it works, as specialized bodies: a) the council for pre-school, primary and secondary education; b) the council for high school, professional and foreman education; c) the council for higher education; d) council for political-educational work and teaching of social sciences in education. The organization and functioning of the Higher Council of Education and Education shall be established by decree of the State Council. + Article 172 The Ministry of Education and Education carries all responsibility for the proper organization of the activity in the field of education, for the control and specialized guidance of all educational units, for compliance and application provisions of this law In the exercise of his duties, the Ministry of Education and Education collaborates with the county folk councils and the city of Bucharest, with the ministries and other central bodies that have in double subordination educational units. + Article 173 The Ministry of Education and Education has the following main tasks: a) responds to the content, organization and conduct of the instructive-educational process in all educational establishments; b) leads, directs and controls the didactic, methodical, educational and scientific activity of educational units; c) guide and control, together with the children and youth organizations, the political-ideological, cultural-artistic and sports activity carried out in the educational units; d) develop, together with the ministries and other central bodies concerned, the projects of the tuition plans, the network and profiles of the educational units; e) elaborates and, as the case may be, approves, according to the law, the educational plans and school programs; f) organizes the activity of pedagogical scientific research; g) ensure, together with the other central bodies concerned, the continuous elaboration and improvement of the manuals, establish the plan for their editing, lead and guide the pedagogical press, the information and documentation activity in education; h) ensure the development and application, according to the law, of the system of training and improvement of teaching staff, of scientific research, of leadership, guidance and control from the entire education and other subordinate units; i) provide the necessary teachers for all educational units, appoint, transfer the teaching staff and grant the teaching degrees according to the law; j) organize, through higher education institutions, postgraduate education and doctorate and confirm scientific titles; k) guide, organize and control, together with the National Council for Science and Technology, science academies and central research institutes, ministries and other central bodies interested, scientific research activity and technological engineering from educational and research units subordinated to the Ministry of Education and Education; l) guide and coordinate the activity of perfecting the professional training of the working staff in the socialist units, according to the law; m) ensures the application of legal provisions regarding the awarding of scholarships and other forms of material support to students and students; n) organizes the nominal distribution of graduates of higher education and aims to provide employment, according to the law, to graduates of compulsory education of 10 years and of high school education who do not continue studies in forms higher, as well as graduates of vocational education; o) approve the plans and programs of education in the subjects of general, social and citizenship education taught in schools for the preparation of worship staff and control the conduct of the educational process; p) organizes exchanges or other actions in matters of education and scientific collaboration, based on tasks arising from cultural-scientific agreements or other international agreements. + Article 174 The ministries and other central bodies have the following main tasks in the field of education: a) elaborates, together with the Ministry of Education and Education, proposals on the annual tuition and development plans of the school network in their activity profile; b) respond, together with the Ministry of Education and Education, to the guidance and control of the educational process, including the practice in production, for high schools and higher education institutions operating in dual subordination; c) elaborates, together with the Ministry of Education and Education, the educational plans and programs in the specialized disciplines, from their activity profile, for the educational units they have in double subordination; d) elaborates, under the conditions provided by law, with the support of the Ministry of Education and Education, educational plans, programs and school textbooks for vocational and foreman schools, as well as for qualification courses; the proper conduct of the instructive-educational process in these units; e) ensure, under the conditions provided by law, together with the Ministry of Education and Education, the specialized staff and other qualified staff necessary for the proper conduct of the practice in production; f) ensures, under the law, the material basis necessary for the instructive-educational process, as well as equipping the workshops, laboratories and school offices; g) establish enterprises and other socialist units that have the obligation to support educational establishments, as well as their duties, under the law, provide students and students with jobs during practice in production and aim to qualify them at the level of modern technology and technologies; h) establish, with the agreement of the Ministry of Education and Education and the Ministry of Labor, the reception conditions at the qualification courses and approve, according to the legal provisions, their organization by the subordinate socialist units; i) apportion in production, according to the law, graduates of compulsory education of 10 years and high school graduates who do not continue their studies in higher forms of education and ensure the production of graduates of high school education, professional and foreman. + Article 175 The county school inspectorates and the city of Bucharest, specialized bodies of the county folk councils or of the city of Bucharest, subordinated to them and the Ministry of Education and Education, have the following main duties: a) guide and control the instructive-educational process in kindergartens, preschool and school children's homes, schools, high schools, vocational schools and master schools in the territorial-administrative unit in which they operate, regardless of their subordination; b) ensure the inclusion in the compulsory education of 10 years, until its graduation, of all children of school age; c) ensure the unitary application of educational plans, school programs and methodological norms issued by the Ministry of Education and Education regarding the organization and conduct of the instructive-educational process; d) respond to the continuous improvement of the educational process, to raise the level of theoretical and practical training of students, to increase the efficiency of educational activity among the school youth; e) ensure the classification of educational units with teaching and management staff, in accordance with the provisions of the Statute of the teaching staff and the other legal norms in force; f) organizes and directs the activity of perfecting the training of teaching staff; g) organizes the participation of teaching staff in scientific research and social-political practical activity; h) aim to ensure the didactic-material basis necessary for the educational units; i) is concerned with ensuring the working and living conditions of students and teaching staff. + Article 176 For the guidance, control and coordination of education in administrative-territorial units, the Council of Education and Education, county and the city of Bucharest, which mainly has, the following tasks a) analyze the results obtained in the preparation and education of preschoolers and students and establish measures to improve the activity carried out in the educational units of the respective administrative-territorial unit; b) pursues the implementation of measures on strengthening the link of education with practical, economic and social activity, carrying out the practice in the production of students and their appropriation of the profession in which they prepare; c) analyze the activity carried out to provide the teachers necessary for the educational units and to improve their training; d) control the activity of school and professional orientation carried out in the educational units and aims at the realization of the tuition plan and the presentation of graduates who do not continue their studies in higher forms, at the workplaces spread; e) is concerned with the organization and conduct of extracurricular activities, holidays and free time of preschoolers and students. + Article 177 The councils of education and county education and of the city of Bucharest are composed of teachers, staff with leadership positions in educational units and school inspectorates, representatives of party bodies, representatives of Children's, youth, union and women's organizations, the councils of citizens ' committees of parents, workers and other working people from socialist units. The composition of the education and education councils is approved by the executive committees of the county folk councils and the city of Bucharest. + Article 178 The educational units of all grades mainly have the following tasks: a) respond to the organization, conduct and content of the instructive-educational process, according to the plans and programs of education; b) respond to the integration of education with the production and research and realization of the production, research and design plan; c) organize the activity of the teaching staff, follow the performance by him of his duties within the instructive-educational process, as well as the continuous improvement of his professional and political-ideological training; d) respond to the application of school and university regulations and to respect the order and discipline among students, students and teaching staff; e) ensure the participation of students, students and teaching staff in the political-ideological and cultural-educational activities carried out in the educational units and outside them, as well as actions of public interest; f) ensures the rational use of the didactic-material basis and the assignment, according to the law, of scholarships and other forms of material support to students and students + Article 179 In the educational units, citizens ' committees of parents are organized, under the law. Parents or other legal guardians are obliged to ensure the participation of children in school activity and to collaborate with teaching staff in their preparation and education. Violation by parents or other legal guardians of the duty to ensure the inclusion of children in the mandatory education of 10 years is sanctioned according to the law. + Article 180 In municipalities, cities and communes where several school units operate, coordination boards consist of the directors of educational establishments, as well as representatives of children's and youth organizations, the union, the citizen's committees of parents, who operate under the guidance and control of the popular council. The coordination council shall ensure the unitary conduct of the educational process, the inclusion of all children in the compulsory education of 10 years, the proper use of the teaching staff and the material base, as well as Continuous improvement of the instructive-educational process. + Article 181 In order to coordinate some educational activities, to integrate it with the production and research, the educational and social-cultural activity among the students and teachers, the management of the educational and accommodation space, in the centers university in which several institutions of higher education operate are organized councils of rectors. The Board of Rectors is headed by one of the rectors, elected for a period of one year, on a rotating basis. + Chapter 11 Material basis of education + Article 182 In order to carry out their tasks, the educational institutions have, according to the law, depending on the profile and the degree of education, of educational spaces, laboratories, offices, workshops or production, design and research units, libraries, boarding schools, hostels and canteens, sports facilities and the like. + Article 183 The ministries and other central bodies of the state administration and the popular councils that have in dual subordination educational units ensure, directly or through units of their system, the material basis necessary for the proper functioning of to them. The educational units are also supported by other socialist units which, on the basis of collaboration plans, can provide machinery, installations and appliances by transfer, materials and tools for a fee, as well as technical assistance for the smooth running of practical activity. The endowment with means necessary to carry out the teaching activity of the educational units is based on the scales approved according to the legal norms. + Article 184 The development and modernization of the material base of education shall be ensured by the single national economic and social development plan. Funds for the financing of educational units of all grades shall be ensured under the conditions established by law. + Chapter 12 Common, final and transitional provisions + Article 185 Structure of the year of education, duration of teaching activities and weekly program of instructive-educational activity of students and students, exam sessions, periods of competitions, as well as school holidays and university, are established by decree of the State Council. + Article 186 The verification of the training of students and students is done throughout the year of education in the lessons, seminars, laboratory works, productive practice and other forms of activity, and in higher education, and through Exams. The appreciation of the knowledge obtained is made with notes from 10 to 1. The maximum promotion note is 5 in each educational discipline. + Article 187 In the forms of education at which admission is made by competition, the content of the competition samples is established in strict accordance with the knowledge contained in the school programs and textbooks. + Article 188 The provisions of this law shall apply, accordingly, to the Academy " Stefan Gheorghiu ", as well as educational institutions organized by the Ministry of National Defence, the Ministry of Interior and the Ministry of Labour. + Article 189 In order to ensure categories of skilled workers necessary for cooperative units and workshops belonging to craftsmen, it can work, as a form of professional training, apprenticeship at work, in which the practical training of young people performs in the process of productive activity in the respective units, and the theoretical training is ensured through the seral education, organized in vocational schools or through daily education lasting 1-1 1/2 months per year. In this form of training, which has a duration of 1-1 1/2 years, young people who have graduated from the 10-year education are received. The provisions relating to enrolment, the nomenclature of trades, the annual tuition plan for vocational schools shall also apply in the case of apprenticeships at work. The rights of apprentices are established according to + Article 190 For the growth and education of minor children whose parents are deceased, unknown or in any other situation that leads to the establishment of the guardianship, if they do not have property or other material means and there are no persons who have been obliged to Maintenance, as well as minor children whose health, physical, moral or intellectual development is received, are organized, according to the law, houses of preschool and school children. + Article 191 For children with physical or intellectual impairments, special educational units are organized under the law. + Article 192 Kindergartens, schools, high schools, vocational schools and maistri schools that operate as self-standing units, as well as higher education institutions, have legal personality. + Article 193 The Ministry of Education and Education elaborates, in consultation with the other ministries and state bodies and stakeholders, regulations for the organization of activity in educational units. + Article 194 Foreign citizens and persons without citizenship can be admitted to educational institutions in the Socialist Republic of Romania, according to the law, as well as to the provisions of the international conventions to which Romania is a party, based on the approval of the Ministry Education and Education. + Article 195 Diplomas, certificates and other documents obtained abroad are valid only after their equivalence by the Ministry of Education and Education with studies issued by educational establishments in the country. + Article 196 This law comes into force starting with the 1979/1980 year of education. The same date shall be repealed: - Law no. 11/1968 on education in the Socialist Republic of Romania, as amended; - Law no. 2/1966 on the establishment, organization and functioning of specialized high schools; - Decree no. 1063/1968 on the conclusion of contracts between students and the rector of the educational institution; - Decree no. 278/1973 on the establishment of uniform rules of structure for educational institutions; - Decree no. 207/1977 on the organization and functioning of the high school education; - Decree no. 208/1977 on the organisation and functioning of vocational education; -Decision of the Central Committee of the Romanian Communist Party and of the Council of Ministers no. 91/1955 on the organization of vocational schools of apprentices, technical schools and technical schools of foremen; - Decision of the Council of Ministers no. 247/1955 on certain organizational measures and the way of financing in order to apply the Decision of the Central Committee of the Romanian Communist Party and of the Council of Ministers of the Socialist Republic of Romania on the organization of vocational schools of apprentices, technical schools and technical schools of foremen; - Decision of the Council of Ministers no. 6/1957 for some measures regarding the production practice of students and students of technical schools; - Decision of the Council of Ministers no. 1378/1966 for application Law no. 2/1966 on the establishment, organization and functioning of specialized high schools; - Decision of the Council of Ministers no. 1945/1968 on certain measures relating to seral and non-frequent learning from post-secondary schools; - Decision of the Council of Ministers no. 1245/1971 on the duration of studies in the education of subengineers; - Decision of the Council of Ministers no. 354/1974 on measures for the generalisation of the first stage of secondary school education since 1974/1975; - Decision of the Council of Ministers no. 577/1975 on certain measures for the generalization of the first stage of high school and the tuition plan in the school year 1975/1976; - Decision of the Council of Ministers no. 643/1975 on certain measures for the organisation of economic accounting and trade schools. --------------------