Key Benefits:
CHAIR OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
Proposal for Law No. 19 /XI/1.
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Exhibition of Motives
This Law, in transposition of Directive No 2006 /25/CE of the European Parliament and of the
Council of April 5, 2006 adopts various provisions to protect the
workers in situations of exposure to risks due to artificial optical radiation, the
what can have effects on the safety and health of workers and provoke,
notably, eye and skin lesions.
The protection against the risks of artificial optical radiation follows the model of the protection
against the risks derived from other physical agents, namely vibrations and noise.
Employers must carry out the assessment of risks of exposure to optical radiation
artificial, in accordance with international standards and recommendations and use all the
means available to eliminate such risks or, if this is unfeasible, reduce them to a minimum
possible.
In the prevention of risks, they assume a central place, as the said Directive points out, the
design and installation of the sites and workstations and the choice of equipment of
work that are sources of optical radiation. Such equipment, when they are
manufactured in accordance with the applicable safety standards and have maintenance
proper periodical, provide an additional security guarantee for the
workers.
Are certain limit values of exposure that employers must ensure that
are not exceeded in any circumstance, without prejudice to provide that
the exposure of workers to artificial optical radiation, if it cannot be eliminated, be
the shortest possible.
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Proposal for Law No. 19 /XI/1.
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Prevention is also based to a large extent on information, consultation and training
of the employees and their representatives on the various aspects related to the
man-made optical radiation, its risks and the measures to be taken to prevent them.
Prevention is still based on regular monitoring of the health of workers exposed to
man-made optical radiation and, depending on its results, in the protective measures
additional or corrective ones that should be applied.
The present law was published for public appreciation in the Separata of the Bulletin of the Work and
Employment n ° 1 of January 7, 2010 having been weighted comments by associations
trade union and employers.
The self-governing bodies of the Autonomous Regions were heard.
Thus:
Under the terms of the paragraph d) of Article 197 (1) of the Constitution, the Government presents to the
Assembly of the Republic the following proposal for a law:
Article 1.
Object and scope
1-A This Law sets out the minimum requirements for protection of workers
against the risks to health and safety due to exposure, during the work, the
optical radiation from artificial sources, transposing Directive No 2006 /25/CE of the
European Parliament and of the Council of April 5, 2006 on prescriptions
Health and safety minimum workers ' exposure to risks
due to physical agents (artificial optical radiation).
2-A This Law shall apply to all activities of the private, cooperative and
social, central, regional and local public administration, public institutes and the
too many legal persons of public law, as well as workers on account
own.
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Proposal for Law No. 19 /XI/1.
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Article 2.
Definitions
For the purposes of this Law, it is understood by:
a) "Radiant exposure (H)", the integral of irradiance in order to time, expressed
in joules per square metre (J m-2);
b) "Irradiance (E) or power density", the radiant power incident by
surface unit over a surface, expressed in watts per meter
square (W m-2);
c) "Laser (amplification of light by stimulated emission of radiation)", any
device capable of producing or amplifying an electromagnetic radiation
in the range of wavelengths from optical radiation, essentially by the
process of controlled stimulated emission;
d) "Level", the combination of irradiance, radiant exposure and radiance to which the
worker is exposed;
e) "Laser radiation", the optical radiation coming from a laser;
f) "Non-coherent radiation", the optical radiation, with the exception of laser radiation;
g) "Optical radiation", the radiation
electromagnetic in the range of wavelengths between 100 nm and 1 mm, whose
spectrum divides into:
i) "Ultraviolet radiation", the optical radiation with wavelengths between
100 nm and 400 nm, whose ultraviolet region divides into UVA (315 to -400 nm),
UVB (280-315 nm) and UVC (100-280 nm);
ii) "Visible radiation", the optical radiation with wavelengths between 380
and 780 nm;
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Proposal for Law No. 19 /XI/1.
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iii) "Infrared radiation", the optical radiation with wavelengths
between 780 nm and 1 mm, whose infrared region divides into VAT
(780-1400 nm), IVB (1400-3000 nm) and IVC (3000 nm-1 mm).
h) "Radiance (L)", the radiant flow or the
output power per unit of solid angle per unit of surface,
expressed in watts per squared metre by terradian-made (W m-2 sr-1);
i) "Exposition limit values (VLE)", the
exposure limits, established as a function of the outcome of studies on
health and in existing biological considerations, which guarantee employees
exposed to optical radiation from artificial sources to protect against effects
known harmful to health and that they cannot, under any circumstances, be
outdated.
Article 3.
Exposure limit values
1-The limit values of exposure to non-coherent radiation, with the exception of those issued
by natural sources of optical radiation, are listed in Annex I to this Law and that it does
integral part
2-The limit values for exposure for laser radiation are listed in Annex II to this Law and
which of it is an integral part
Article 4.
General principles of risk assessment
1-In activities likely to present risks of exposure to optical radiation from
artificial sources, the employer assesses and, if necessary, measures or calculates the levels of
optical radiation to which the workers may be exposed and, being the case,
identifies and applies measures that reduce the exposure so as not to exceed the limits
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Proposal for Law No. 19 /XI/1.
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applicable.
2-A evaluation, measurement and calculation of radiation levels are carried out in accordance
with:
a) The standards of the International Electrotechnical Commission (CEI) with regard to the
laser radiation;
b) The recommendations of the International Commission on Lighting (CIE) and the Committee
European Normalization (CEN) with respect to non-coherent radiation.
3-In the event of exposure not covered by the standards and recommendations referred to in the
previous number, evaluation, measurement and calculation are carried out in accordance with
national or international guidelines available and scientifically substantiated, up to
that standards or recommendations are adopted from the European Union.
4-In the situations referred to in paragraphs 2 and 3, the assessment, measurement, or calculation of the levels of
radiation may take into consideration the information provided by the manufacturer of the
equipment, in the event that this is covered by community regulation.
5-A measurement and the calculation referred to in the preceding paragraphs are planned and carried out by
entity recognized by the Portuguese Institute of Accreditation, with knowledge
theoretical and practical and sufficient experience to carry out tests, including the measurement of the
levels of exposure to optical radiation from artificial sources.
6-Constitute counter-ordinance very serious violation of the provisions of paragraphs 1 a to 3 and constitutes
serious counterordinance to violation of the provisions of the previous number.
Article 5.
Assessment of risks
1-In activities likely to present risks of exposure to optical radiation from
artificial sources, the employer evaluates the risks taking into consideration, namely:
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a) The level, the range of wavelengths and the duration of the exhibition;
b) The limit values of exposure given in Annexes I and II to this Law.
c) The effects on the safety and health of particularly sensitive workers
to the risks to which they are exposed;
d) The possible effects on the safety and health of workers resulting from
interactions in the workplace between optical radiation and chemical substances
photo-sensitization;
e) The indirect effects, particularly temporary blindness, explosion or fire;
f) The existence of replacement equipment designed to reduce levels
of exposure to optical radiation from artificial sources;
g) The appropriate information resulting from health surveillance, including
information published;
h) The multiple sources of exposure to artificial optical radiation;
i) The classification assigned to the laser, in accordance with the CEI standard
pertinent, or any similar classification in the case of artificial source
likely to cause damage similar to those of a 3B or 4 class laser;
j) The information provided by the manufacturers of optical radiation sources and
associated work equipment, in accordance with applicable law.
2-A The risk assessment shall be recorded on paper or digital support and, if the nature and
the size of risks related to optical radiation from artificial sources not
justify a more detailed assessment, contain a justification from the employer.
3-A The risk assessment is updated whenever there are significant changes that the
may out-date or the result of health surveillance justifies the need for
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new assessment.
4-Without prejudice to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, where they are outdated the
exposure limit values, the minimum periodicity of risk assessment is one year.
5-Constitute counter-ordinance very serious violation of the provisions of this article.
Article 6.
Reduction of exposure
1-The employer uses all available means to eliminate at the origin or reduce to
minimum the risks of exposure of workers to optical radiation from artificial sources,
in accordance with the general principles of legally established prevention.
2-If the outcome of the risk assessment indicates that the exposure limit values were
outdated, the employer applies technical or organisational measures that reduce to
minimum the exposure of the workers and ensure that those values are not
outdated.
3-The technical measures referred to in the preceding paragraph shall take into account, inter alia,
the following aspects:
a) The use of alternative working methods that allow to reduce the
exhibition;
b) The choice of equipment depending on the work to be carried out, which emits less
optical radiation;
c) The application of measures that reduce emissions of optical radiation,
including, if necessary, landings, shieldings or similar mechanisms
of health protection;
d) The application of appropriate equipment maintenance programs, the site and
of the jobs;
e) The design and layout of places and jobs;
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Proposal for Law No. 19 /XI/1.
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f) The organisation of the work with limitation of the duration and level of the exhibition;
g) The use of appropriate personal protective equipment;
h) The instructions of the manufacturer of the equipment, in the event that this is covered by
community regulation.
4-The workplaces where workers may be exposed to radiation levels
optical from artificial sources superior to the exposure limit values are flagged from
agreement with applicable legislation for safety and health signaling at work, well
as delimited and restricted access whenever this is technically possible.
5-Constitute counter-ordinance very serious violation of the provisions of this article.
Article 7.
Reduction of exposure limit values
1-The employer ensures that the exposure of workers to optical radiation is
reduced to the lowest possible level and, in any case, is not superior to the values
limit of exposure indicated in Annex I to this Law.
2-In situations in which the limit values of radiation exposure are exceeded
optics from artificial sources, the employer:
a) Identifies the causes of the overtaking of limit values;
b) Takes immediate measures that reduce the exposure so as not to exceed the
limit values;
c) Adapts protection and prevention measures so as to prevent the occurrence of
identical situations.
3-The employer adapts the measures referred to in the previous number to workers
particularly sensitive to the risks resulting from exposure to optical radiation of
artificial sources.
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Proposal for Law No. 19 /XI/1.
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4-Constitute counter-ordinance very serious violation of the provisions of this article.
Article 8.
Information, consultation and training of employees
1-Without prejudice to the provisions of the general legislation on information and training, the
employer assures workers exposed to the risks resulting from radiation
optics from artificial sources, as well as its representatives for safety and
health at work, the appropriate information and training on:
a) Potential risks to safety and health derived from exposure to radiation
optics during the work;
b) Limit values of exposure and potential associated risks;
c) Results of the evaluations and the measurements and calculations of the levels of
exposure to radiation carried out in accordance with Articles 4 and 5,
accompanied by an explanation of their significance and the potential risk that
represent;
d) Usefulness and way of detecting and notifying the negative effects for health
resulting from the exhibition;
e) Situations in which workers are entitled to health surveillance, on the terms
of Article 10;
f) Safe working practices that minimise the risks of exposure;
g) Correct use of appropriate personal protective equipment.
2-A information shall, taking into account the outcome of the assessment, be provided in a manner
appropriate, orally or in writing, in particular by individual training of the
workers, and be periodically updated so as to include any change
verified.
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Proposal for Law No. 19 /XI/1.
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3-The employer ensures the information and consultation of employees and their
representatives for safety and health at work on the implementation of the provisions of the
present law, specifically on the assessment of risks and measures to be taken for
reduce the exposure.
4-Constitui counterordinate very serious violation of the information duties and
consultation and constitutes serious counterordinance to the violation of the training duties
provided for in this article.
Article 9.
Surveillance of health
1-Without prejudice to the general health obligations at work, the employer
ensures proper monitoring of the health of workers with a view to preventing
possible risks to the long-term health and contraction of chronic diseases and the
early diagnosis of any adverse health effect, resulting from exposure to
artificial optical radiation.
2-In the case of worker who has been exposed to artificial optical radiation
superior to the limit values of exposure or whose result of health surveillance
reveal that it suffers from illness or affection resulting from exposure to optical radiation
artificial in the workplace, the employer ensures the conduct of medical examinations
appropriate those situations.
3-Constitute counter-ordinance grave the violation of the provisions of this article.
Article 10.
Result of health surveillance
1-If health surveillance reveals adverse effects to the health of the worker, the doctor
of work:
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Proposal for Law No. 19 /XI/1.
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a) Informs the worker of the result and provides you with information and recommendations
on the surveillance of the health to which it must submit, ended the exhibition;
b) Communicates to the employer the result of health surveillance with an interest to the
prevention of risks, without prejudice to the professional secrecy to which it is found
linked.
2-The employer, taking into account the said in the b) of the previous number:
a) Repeats the risk assessment;
b) Reviews the measures adopted to eliminate or reduce risks;
c) Applies the necessary measures, on the basis of the opinion of the working doctor,
to eliminate or reduce the risks;
d) Promotes continuous health surveillance and ensures the health examination of
any other worker who has been exposed in an identical manner,
notably the carrying out of appropriate medical examinations.
3-In the case of worker exposed to artificial optical radiation higher than the values
limit of exposure, the provisions of the previous figures apply.
4-The employee has access, at his or her request, to the health record that concerns him.
5-Constitute counter-ordinance grave the violation of the provisions of this article.
Article 11.
Registration and file of documents
1-Without prejudice to the general obligations of safety and health services at work in
matter of data records and document conservation, the employer organizes the
data records and keeps up-to-date files on:
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a) The results of the risk assessment as well as the criteria and procedures of the
evaluation;
b) The identification of workers exposed with the indication, for each
worker, of the occupied job, of the nature and, if possible, of the degree
of exposure to which you have been subject;
c) The health surveillance results of each employee, with the reference to the
job posting, health exams and supplementary examinations carried out and the
other elements deemed useful by the physician in charge, taking into account the
confidentiality of the said data;
d) The identification of the doctor responsible for health surveillance.
2-The records and files referred to in the preceding paragraph shall be kept in such a way as
allow your consultation, in the terms provided for in the applicable law.
3-Constitute counter-ordinance grave the violation of the provisions of this article.
Article 12.
Regime of counterordinational liability
1-The general regime of the counterordinational liability of Articles 548 to 566 of the
Labour Code applies to the offences arising from the violation of this Law, without
injury to the legal powers assigned in the autonomous regions, to the respective
regional bodies and services.
2-The processing of the counter-ordinations provided for in this Law shall be governed by the
procedural regime applicable to labour and social security counter-ordinations.
CHAIR OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
Proposal for Law No. 19 /XI/1.
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Article 13.
Entry into force
This Law shall come into force 60 days after its publication.
Seen and approved in Council of Ministers of April 22, 2010
The Prime Minister
The Minister of the Presidency
The Minister of Parliamentary Affairs
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Proposal for Law No. 19 /XI/1.
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ANNEX I
(as referred to in Article 3 (1) and Articles 5 and 7)
Non-coherent optical radiation
The exposure values to the relevant optical radiation from the biophysical point of view are
determined using the formulae mentioned below. The formulas to be used
depend on the range of radiation emitted by the source and the results should be compared
with the corresponding exposure limit values (VLE) indicated in Table 1.1. To
a given source of optical radiation there may be more than an exposure value, and
corresponding exposure limit, relevant.
Points (a) to (o) refer to the corresponding lines of Table 1.1.
a) it has been said to have been tested against dtdSt, EH nm400
nm180
t
0
eff treated treated exhaust of a Treated Exhaust of the
The Nationality
(effH is only applicable in the range 180 a to 400 nm)
b) amendment thereof dtdt, EH nm400
nm315
t
0
UVA's Despite a deal of the deal of a deal of the nationality
The Nationality
(UVAH is only applicable in the range 315 a to 400 nm)
c), d) Despite A case of the Nationality of the Nationality Thereof
The Nationality
DBLL
nm700
nm300
B (BL is only applicable in the range 300 a to 700 nm)
e), f) Despite A nationality of the Nationality Thereof
The Nationality
DBEE DBEE
nm700
nm300
B (BE is only applicable in the range 300 a to 700 nm)
g) a l) a l) How to have an Nationality of the Nationality Thereof.
The
DRLL 2
1
R (see table 1.1 for the appropriate values of 1 and 2)
m), n),>>>>>>>>
The Nationality
DEE DEE
nm3000
nm780
IV (IVE is only applicable in the range 780 a to 3000 nm)
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Proposal for Law No. 19 /XI/1.
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o) meaning dtdt, EH t
0
nm3000
nm380
skin care of the skin of the skin, the skin of the
The Nationality
(peleH is only applicable in the range 380 a to 3000 nm)
For the purposes of this Law, the formulas mentioned may be replaced by the
following expressions and by the discrete values shown in the following tables:
a) a) How to have an Nationality Thereof
The Nationality
SEE SEE nm400
nm180
eff tEHe effeff treated exhaust
b) it was a case of a number of the nationality of
The Nationality
The
nm400
nm315
UVA EE tEHe UVAUVA has been tested against
c), d) Despite An an Nationality of the Nationality Thereof
The Nationality
Blue BLL nm700
nm300
B
e), f) Despite An an Nationality of the Nationality Thereof
The Nationality
BEE BEE nm700
nm300
B
g) a l) a l) How to have a Nationality of Nationality
The
THE RLL 2
1
R (see table 1.1 for the appropriate values of 1 and 2)
m), n) Amendment of the Nationality Thereof
The Nationality
The
nm3000
nm780
IV EE
o) meaning that it has a meaning of the meaning of the
The
The
nm3000
nm380
skin EE and tEH peleskin care to be tested
Notes:
Eλ (λ, t), Eλ spectral irradiance or spectral power density: the radiant power incident per unit of surface,
expressed in watts per square metre per nanometer [W m-2 nm-1]; the values of Eλ (λ, t) and Eλ result
of measurements or can be provided by the manufacturer of the equipment;
Eeff effective irradiance (UV range): irradiance calculated for UV of wavelength from the range of 180 a to 400
nm spectrally weighted nm by S (λ), expressed in watts per square metre [W m-2];
H radiant exposure : the integral of irradiance in order to time, expressed in joules per square metre [J
m-2];
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Heff effective radiant exposure : spectrally weighted radiant exposure by S (λ), expressed in joules by
square meter [J m-2];
EUVA total irradiance (UVA) : calculated irradiance for UVA of wavelength from the range of 315 a to 400 nm,
expressed in watts per square metre [W m-2];
HUVA radiant exposure : the integral or the sum of the irradiance in order to the time and the wavelength to
Wavelength UVA of the range of 315 a to 400 nm, expressed in joules per square metre [J m-2];
S (λ) spectral weighting taking into account the relationship between the wavelength and the health effects of the
radiation UV on the eyes and the skin (table 1.2) [without dimensions];
t, Δt time, duration of the exhibition , expressed in seconds [s];
The wavelength, expressed in nanometers [nm];
▼ λ bandwidth , expressed in nanometers [nm], of the calculation or measurement intervals;
Lλ (λ), Lλ spectral radiance of the source expressed in watts per square metre by terradian per nanometer [W m-2 sr
-1 nm-1];
R (λ) spectral weighting taking into account the relationship between the wavelength and the thermal lesion of the eye
caused by visible radiation and VAT (Table 1.3) [without dimensions];
LR effective radiance (thermal injury): spectrally weighted calculated radiance by R (λ) expressed in watts by
metre square by sterradian [W m-2 sr -1];
B (λ) spectral weighting taking into account the relationship between the wavelength and the photochemical lesion of the eye
caused by blue light radiation (table 1.3) [without dimensions];
LB effective radiance (blue light): spectrally weighted calculated radiance by B (λ), expressed in watts by
metre square by terradian [W m- 2 sr -1];
EB effective irradiance (blue light): spectrally weighted irradiance spectrally by B (λ) expressed in watts by
square meter [W m-2];
EIV total irradiance (thermal lesions): irradiance calculated in the wavelength range from 780 nm to 3000
nm (infrared) expressed in watts per square metre [W m-2];
Eskin total irradiance (visible, VAT and IVB): irradiance calculated in the wavelength range from 380 nm to 3
000 nm (visible and infrared), expressed in watts per square metre [W m-2];
Hskin radiant exposure: the integral or the sum of the irradiance in order to the time and the wavelength for the
visible and infrared wavelength radiation from the range of 380 a to 3000 nm, expressed in joules
per square metre [J m-2];
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Α angular position: the angle subtended by an apparent source, such as seen at a point of space,
expressed in miliradians (mrad). The apparent source is the real or virtual object that forms the image
small retiniana as possible.
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Table 1.1
Exposure limit values for non-coherent optical radiation
Index Length nm nm exposure limit Units Observations Part of the Body Risk
to 180-400
(UVA, UVB and UVC)
Heff = 30
Daily values 8 hours [J m-2]
cornea eye
conjunctive
crystalline
skin
photoqueratitis
conjunctivite
cataratogenesis
erythema
elastose
skin cancer
b 315 -400
(UVA)
HUVA = 104
Daily values 8 hours [J m-2]
Crystalline eye cataratogenesis
c 300-700
(Blue light) see note 1 t
10 L
6
B,
for t <10000 s
BL: [W m- 2 sr -1]
t: [seconds]
for α> 11 mrad eye retina photo-retinitis
d
300-700
(Blue light)
see note 1
100LB-
for t> 10000 s [W m- 2 sr -1]
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Proposal for Law No. 19 /XI/1.
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and
300-700
(Blue light)
see note 1
t
100 EB amendment
for t <10000 s
We have 2B mW:E
t: [seconds] for α <11 mrad
see note 2
f
300-700
(Blue light)
see note 1
01 ,0EB-
t> 10000 s [W m-2]
g 380-1 to 400
(Visible and VAT) thereof
Despite the
C
108.2 L
7
R
for t> 10 s
[W m- 2 sr -1] :C = 1.7 to
α <1.7 mrad
% C = α to
1.7 <α <100 mrad
Estimated C = 100 for
α> 100 mrad
1 = 380; 2 = 1400
eye retina burn retina h 380-1 400
(Visible and VAT)
25.0
7
R tC
105 L
From
Despite the
for 10 µ s <t <10 s
:LR [W m-2 sr -1]
t: [seconds]
i 380-1 400
(Visible and VAT) thereof
Despite the
C
1089.8 L
8
R
for t <10 µ s
[W m- 2 sr -1]
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Proposal for Law No. 19 /XI/1.
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Index Fulfillment nm Boundary Values of exposure Units Observations Part of the Body Risk
j 780-1 400
(VAT) thereof
Despite the
C
106 L
6
R
for t> 10 s
[W m- 2 sr -1]
Estimated C = 11 for
α <11 mrad
% C = α to
11 <α <100 mrad
Estimated C = 100 for
α> 100 mrad
(field of view of measurement:
11 mrad)
1 = 780; 2 = 1400
eye retina burn retina k 780-1 400
(VAT)
25.0
7
R tC
105 L
From
Despite the
for 10 µ s <t <10 s
:LR [W m-2 sr -1]
t: [seconds]
l 780-1 400
(VAT) thereof
Despite the
C
1089.8 L
8
R
for t <10 µ s
[W m- 2 sr -1]
m 780-3 000
(VAT and IVB)
75.0 IV t18000E-
for t <1000 s
2mW:E-2mW:E
t: [seconds]
cornea eye
crystalline
burn of the cornea
cataratogenesis
n 780-3 000
(VAT and IVB)
100EIV-
for t> 1000 s
[W m-2]
the
380-3 to 000
(Visible, VAT
And IVB)
Hskin = 20000 t 0.25
for t> 10 s
H: [J m-2]
t: [seconds]
Skin burn
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Note 1:
The range of 300 a to 700 nm covers part of the UVB, all UVA and most of the visible radiation; the risk associated with it is commonly known at risk of "blue light".
The blue light, in a restricted sense, covers only the range of approximately 400 a to 490 nm.
Note 2:
For a constant clamping of very small sources with a angular position <11 mrad, LB can be converted into EB. As a rule, this applies only to instruments
ophthalmological or to a stabilized eye during an anaesthesia. The maximum clamping time of the look is given by: tmax = 100 / EB, being EB expressed in W m-2. Given the
eye movement during the normal functions of the vision, such does not exceed 100 s.
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Table 1.2
S (λ) [without dimensions], 180 nm to 400 nm
λ in nm S (λ) λ in nm S (λ) λ in nm S (λ) λ in nm S (λ) λ in nm S (λ)
180 0.0120 228 0.1737 276 0.9434 0.000520 372 0.000086 0.000086
181 0.0126 229 0.1819 277 0.9272 0.000500 373 0.000083 0.000083
182 0.0132 230 0.1900 278 0.9112 0.000479 374 0.000080 0.000080
183 0.0138 231 0.1995 279 0.8954 0.000459 375 0.000077 0.000077
184 0.0144 232 0.2089 280 0.8800 0.000440 376 0.000074 0.000074
185 0.0151 233 0.2188 281 0.8568 0.000425 377 0.000072 0.000072
186 0.0158 234 0.2292 282 0.8342 0.000410 378 0.000069 0.000069
187 0.0166 235 0.2400 283 0.8122 0.000396 379 0.000066 0.000066
188 0.0173 236 0.2510 284 0.7908 0.000383 380 0.000064 0.000064
189 0.0181 237 0.2624 285 0.7700 0.000370 381 0.000062 0.000062
190 0.0190 238 0.2744 286 0.7420 0.000355 382 0.000059 0.000059
191 0.0199 239 0.2869 287 0.7151 0.000340 383 0.000057 0.000057
192 0.0208 240 0.3000 288 0.6891 0.000327 384 0.000055 0.000055
193 0.0218 241 0.3111 289 0.6641 0.000315 385 0.000053 0.000053
194 0.0228 242 0.3227 290 0.6400 0.000303 386 0.000051 0.000051
195 0.0239 243 0.3347 291 0.6186 0.000291 387 0.000049 0.000049
196 0.0250 244 0.3471 292 0.5980 0.000280 388 0.000047 0.000047
197 0.0262 245 0.3600 293 0.5780 0.000271 389 0.000046 0.000046
198 0.0274 246 0.3730 294 0.5587 0.000263 390 0.000044 0.000044
199 0.0287 247 0.3865 295 0.5400 0.000255 391 0.000042 0.000042
200 0.0300 248 0.4005 296 0.4984 0.000248 392 0.000041 0.000041
201 0.0334 249 0.4150 297 0.4600 0.000240 393 0.000039 0.000039
202 0.0371 250 0.4300 298 0.3989 0.000231 394 0.000037 0.000037
203 0.0412 251 0.4465 299 0.3459 0.000223 395 0.000036 0.000036
204 0.0459 252 0.4637 300 0.3000 0.000215 396 0.000035 0.000035
205 0.0510 253 0.4815 301 0.2210 0.000207 397 0.000033 0.000033
206 0.0551 254 0.5000 302 0.1629 0.000200 398 0.000032 0.000032
207 0.0595 255 0.5200 303 0.1200 0.000191 399 0.000031 0.000031
208 0.0643 256 0.5437 304 0.0849 0.000183 400 0.000030 0.000030
209 0.0694 257 0.5685 305 0.0600 353 0.000175
210 0.0750 258 0.5945 306 0.0454 354 0.000167
211 0.0786 259 0.6216 307 0.0344 355 0.000160
212 0.0824 260 0.6500 308 0.0260 356 0.000153
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Proposal for Law No. 19 /XI/1.
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213 0.0864 261 0.6792 309 0.0197 357 0.000147
214 0.0906 262 0.7098 310 0.0150 358 0.000141
215 0.0950 263 0.7417 311 0.0111 359 0.000136
216 0.0995 264 0.7751 312 0.0081 360 0.000130
217 0.1043 265 0.8100 313 0.0060 361 0.000126
218 0.1093 266 0.8449 314 0.0042 362 0.000122
219 0.1145 267 0.8812 315 0.0030 363 0.000118
220 0.1200 268 0.9192 316 0.0024 364 0.000114
221 0.1257 269 0.9587 317 0.0020 365 0.000110
222 0.1316 270 1.0000 318 0.0016 366 0.000106
223 0.1378 271 0.9919 319 0.0012 367 0.000103
224 0.1444 272 0.9838 320 0.0010 368 0.000099
225 0.1500 273 0.9758 321 0.000819 369 0.000096
226 0.1583 274 0.9679 322 0.000670 370 0.000093
227 0.1658 275 0.9600 323 0.000540 371 0.000090
CHAIR OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
Proposal for Law No. 19 /XI/1.
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Table 1.3
B (λ), R (λ) [without dimensions], 380 nm to 1400 nm
Λ in nm B (λ) R (λ)
300 ≤ λ <380 0.01-
380 0.01 0.1
385 0.013 0.13
390 0.025 0.25
395 0.05 0.5
400 0.1 1
405 0.2 2
410 0.4 4
415 0.8 8
420 0.9 9
425 0.95 9.5
430 0.98 9.8
435 1 10
440 1 10
445 0.97 9.7
450 0.94 9.4
455 0.9 9
460 0.8 8
465 0.7 7
470 0.62 6.2
475 0.55 5.5
480 0.45 4.5
485 0.32 3.2
490 0.22 2.2
495 0.16 1.6
500 0.1 1
500 <λ ≤ 600100 ,02 (450-λ) 1
600 <λ ≤ 700 0.001 1
700 <λ ≤ 1050-100 ,002· (700-λ)
1050 <λ ≤ 1150-0.2
1150 <λ ≤ 1200-0.2 ,02· 100 ,02· (1150-λ)
1200 <λ ≤ 1400-0.02
CHAIR OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
Proposal for Law No. 19 /XI/1.
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ANNEX II
(as referred to in Article 3 (2) and Article 5)
Laser optical radiation
The values of exposure to relevant optical radiation from a biophysical point of view are
determined using the formulae mentioned below. The formulas to be used
depend on the wavelength and the duration of the radiation emitted by the source and the
results should be compared with the corresponding exposure limit values
(VLE) indicated in tables 2.2-2.4. For a given source of laser optical radiation can
there is more than one exposure value, and corresponding exposure limit, relevant.
The coefficients used as calculation tools in tables 2.2-2.4 are listed in the
frame 2.5 and corrections for repetitive exposure are shown in Table 2.6.
dA
dP E! [W m-2]
Amendment of dttEH t
0
Despite the Case of the case [J m-2]
Notes:
dP power expressed in watts [W];
dA area expressed in square metres [m2];
E (t), E Irradiance or power density : the radiant power incident per unit of surface, expressed in watts
per square metre [W m-2]; the values of E (t) and E result from measurements or can be provided by the
manufacturer of the equipment;
H radiant exposure: the integral of irradiance in order to time, expressed in joules per square metre [J m-
2];
t time, duration of the exhibition, expressed in seconds [s];
wavelength , expressed in nanometers [nm];
γ maximum conical angle of the field of view of the measurement expressed in miliradians [mrad];
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Proposal for Law No. 19 /XI/1.
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γm measurement field of view expressed in miliradians [mrad];
α angular position of a source expressed in miliradians [mrad];
maximum opening: the circular area on which the averages of irradiance and radiant exposure are calculated;
G integrated radiance : the integral of radiance for a given exposure time expressed as radiant energy
per surface unit of a radiant surface per unit of solid angle of emission, in joules by
metre square by terradian [J m-2 sr -1].
Table 2.1
Risks of radiation
Wavelength
[nm]
Range of radiation Organ affected Risk Table of the limit value of
exhibition
180 a 400 UV Olho photochemical injury and thermal injury 2.2, 2.3
180 a 400 UV Pele Eritema 2.4
400 a 700 Visible Eye injury of the retina 2.2
400 a 600 Visible Eye photochemical injury 2.3
400 a 700 Visible Skin thermal injury 2.4
700 a 1400 VAT Olho thermal injury 2.2, 2.3
700 a 1400 VAT Pele thermal injury 2.4
1400 a 2600 IVB Olho thermal injury 2.2
2600 a 106 IVC Olho thermal injury 2.2
1400 a 106 IVB, IVC Olho thermal injury 2.3
1400 a 106 IVB, IVC Pele thermal injury 2.4
CHAIR OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
Proposal for Law No. 19 /XI/1.
27
Table 2.2
Exposure limit values for the exposure of the eye to the laser-Short exposure <10 s
Wavelength to [nm]
The b
er tu
ra
tu ra
p er
tu re
2 Duration [s]
10-13-10-11 10-11-10-9 10-9-10-7 10-7-1.8. 10-5 to 1.8. 10-5-5. 10-5 to 5. 10-5-10-3 10-3-10-1
UVC 180-280
1 m
m p
air to
t <
0, 3
s; 1, 5
. t0
, 3 7 5 p
at er
n id
ad and
air to
0, 3
<t
<1
0 s
E = 3. 1010. [W. m-2]
Cf. notac
H = 30 [J m-2];
UVB
280-302
303 H = 40 [J m-2]; if t <2.6. 10-9 then H = 5.6. 103 t 0.25 [J m-2] see notad
304 H = 60 [J m-2]; if t <1.3. 10-8 then H = 5.6. 103 t 0.25 [J m-2] see notad
305 H = 100 [J m-2]; if t <1.0. 10-7 then H = 5.6. 103 t 0.25 [J m-2] see notad
306 H = 160 [J m-2]; if t <6.7. 10-7 then H = 5.6. 103 t 0.25 [J m-2] see notad
307 H = 250 [J m-2]; if t <4.0. 10-6 then H = 5.6. 103 t 0.25 [J m-2] see notad
308 H = 400 [J m-2]; if t <2.6. 10-5 then H = 5.6. 103 t 0.25 [J m-2] see notad
309 H = 630 [J m-2]; if t <1.6. 10-4 then H = 5.6. 103 t 0.25 [J m-2] see notad
CHAIR OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
Proposal for Law No. 19 /XI/1.
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310 H = 103 [J m-2]; if t <1.0. 10-3 then H = 5.6. 103 t 0.25 [J m-2] see notad
311 H = 1.6. 103 [J m-2]; if t <6.7. 10-3 then H = 5.6. 103 t 0.25 [J m-2] see notad
312 H = 2.5. 103 [J m-2]; if t <4.0. 10-2 then H = 5.6. 103 t 0.25 [J m-2] see notad
313 H = 4.0. 103 [J m-2]; if t <2.6. 10-1 then H = 5.6. 103 t 0.25 [J m-2] see notad
314 H = 6.3. 103 [J m-2]; if t <1.6. 100 then H = 5.6. 103 t 0.25 [J m-2] see notad
UVA 315-400 H = 5.6. 103 t 0.25 [J m-2]
Visible &
VAT
400-700
7 m
m
H = 1.5. 10-4 CE [J m-2] H = 2.7. 104 t 0.75 CE [J m-2] H = 5. 10-3 CE [J m-2] H = 18. t 0.75 CE [J m-2]
700-1050 H = 1.5. 10-4 CA CE [J m-2] H = 2.7. 104 t 0.75 CA CE [J m-2] H = 5. 10-3 CA CE [J m-2] H = 18. t 0.75 CA CE [J m-2]
1050-1400 H = 1.5. 10-3 CC CE [J m-2] H = 2.7. 105 t 0.75 CC CE [J m-2] H = 5. 10-2 CC CE [J m-2] H = 90. t0, 75 CC CE [J m-2]
IVB
&
IVC
1400-1500
V er
n the
ta b
E = 1012 [W m-2] See notac H = 10
3 [J m-2] H = 5.6. 103. t 0.25 [J m-
2]
1500-1800 E = 1013 [W m-2] See notac H = 104 [J m-2]
1800-2600 E = 1012 [W m-2] See notac H = 103 [J m-2] H = 5.6. 103. t 0.25 [J m-
2]
2600-106 E = 1011 [W m-2] See notac H = 100 [J m-2] H = 5.6. 103. t 0.25 [J m-2]
CHAIR OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
Proposal for Law No. 19 /XI/1.
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A-In case there are two limits to the wavelength of the laser, the most restrictive one applies.
B-Se 1400 <λ <105 nm: aperture diameter = 1 mm for t <0.3 s and 1.5 t0, 375 mm for 0.3 s <t <10 s: if 105 <λ <106 nm: aperture diameter = 11 mm.
C-Due to lack of data for these conditions of duration and wavelength, CIPRNI recommends the employment of the limits of irradiance to 1 ns.
D-The frame presents values for a single laser pulse. In case of multiple laser impulses, the durations of the laser impulses, if the impulses occur in a Tmin range (see
frame 2.6), should be added and the resulting temporal value should correspond to t in the formula: 5.6 * 103 t0, 25.
CHAIR OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
Proposal for Law No. 19 /XI/1.
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Table 2.3
Exposure limit values for the exposure of the eye to the laser-Long duration exposure> 10 s
Wavelength to [nm]
The b
er tu
ra
Duration [s]
10 1 -10 2102 -104 104-3. 104
UVC 180-280
7
m m
7 m m
3,
5
m m
H = 30 [J m-2]
UVB
280-302
3.5
mm
303 H = 40 [J m-2]
304 H = 60 [J m-2]
305 H = 100 [J m-2]
306 H = 160 [J m-2]
307 H = 250 [J m-2]
308 H = 400 [J m-2]
309 H = 630 [J m-2]
310 H = 1.0. 103 [J m-2]
311 H = 1.6. 103 [J m-2]
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Proposal for Law No. 19 /XI/1.
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312 H = 2.5. 103 [J m-2]
313 H = 4.0. 103 [J m-2]
314 H = 6.3. 103 [J m-2]
UVA 315-400 H = 10 4 [J m-2]
V is
ív el
4 0 0 -7
0 to 0
400-600
Photochemical injury
of the retina b
7 mm
H = 100 CB [J m-2]
(γ = 11 mrad) d E = 1 CB [W m-2]; (γ = 1.1 t0, 5 mrad) d
E = 1 CB [W m-2]
(γ = 110 mrad) d
400-700
Thermal injury b
of the retina
if α <1.5 mrad then E = 10 [W m-2]
if α> 1.5 mrad and t <T2 then H = 18 CE t 0.75 [J m-2]
if α> 1.5 mrad and t> T2 then E = 18 CE T2-0.25 [W m-2]
VAT 700-1400
if α <1.5 mrad then E = 10 CA C. C [W m-2]
if α> 1.5 mrad and t <T2 then H = 18 CA CC C. E t 0.75 [J m-2]
if α> 1.5 mrad and t> T2 then E = 18 CA CC C. E T2 -0.25 [W m-2] (should not exceed 1000 W. m -2)
IVB
& IVC
1400-106
V er
c
E = 1000 [W m-2]
A-In case there are two limits to the wavelength or other condition of the laser, the most restrictive one applies.
CHAIR OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
Proposal for Law No. 19 /XI/1.
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B-For small sources that subunderstand an angle of less than or equal to 1.5 mrad, the visible dual limit E from 400 nm to 600 nm reduces to the thermal limits for 10 <<T1 and to the limits
photochemicals for longer durations. The values of T1 and T2 are listed in Table 2.5. The limit of the photochemical risk for the retina may also be expressed as the integrated radiance in
order to time G = 106 CB [J m-2 sr-1] for t> 10 s up to t = 10000 s and L = 100 CB [W m-2 sr-1] for t> 10000 s. For the measurement of G and L it should use γm as a mean field of view. The
official border between the visible rays and the infrared is 780 nm second to the CIE definition. The column with the names of the wavelength ranges is intended solely to give a
best panoramic to the user. (The G notation is used by the CEN: the Lt notation is used by CIE: the Lp notation is used by the CEI and CENELEC.)
C-For wavelengths 1400-105 nm: diameter of aperture = 3.5 mm: For wavelengths 105-106 nm: diameter of aperture = 11 mm
D-For the measurement of the exposure value the input of γ is defined as follows: If the (angular position of a source)> γ (maximum conical angle, indicated in the straight parentheses in the
corresponding column) then the field of view of the γm measurement should be the given value of γ. (If it were used a larger field of view of the measurement, then the risk would be overassessed).
If α <γ then the field of view of the γm measurement should be sufficiently large to fully involve the source but on the other hand it is not limited and it may be greater than γ.
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Proposal for Law No. 19 /XI/1.
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Table 2.4
Exposure limit values for the exposure of the skin to the laser
Wavelength to [nm]
The b
er tu
ra
Duration [s]
<10 -- 9
10-9-10-7 10-7-10-3 10-3-101101-3-3. 104
UV
(A, B, C)
180-400
3, 5
m m
E = 3. 1010 [W m-2] Identical to the exposure limits for the eye
Visible
&
VAT
400-700
3, 5
m m
E = 2. 1011 [W m-2] H = 200 CA
H = 1.1. 104 CA t 0.25 [J m-2] E = 2. 103 CA [W m-2]
700-1400 AND = 2. 1011 CA [W maternidade-2] [J m-2]
IVB
&
IVC
1400-1500 E = 1012 [W m-2]
Identical to the exposure limits for the eye
1500-1800 E = 1013 [W m-2]
1800-2600 E = 1012 [W m-2]
2600-106 E = 1011 [W m-2]
A-In case there are two limits to the wavelength or other condition of the laser, the most restrictive one applies.
CHAIR OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
Proposal for Law No. 19 /XI/1.
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Table 2.5
Applied correction factors and other calculation parameters
Parameter enumerated in the list
CIPRNI Range of valid spectrum (nm) Value
CA
λ <700 CA = 1.0
700-1050 CA = 10 to 0.002 (λ-700)
1050-1400 CA = 5.0
CB 400-450 CB = 1.0
450-700 CB = 10 to 0.02 (λ-450)
CC
700-1150 CC = 1.0
1150-1200 CC = 10 to 0.018 (λ-1150)
1200-1400 CC = 8.0
T1
λ <450 T1 = 10 s
450-500 T1 = 10 € [10 0.02 (λ-450)] s
λ> 500 T1 = 100 s
Parameter enumerated in the list
CIPRNI
Valid for biological effects Value
Αmin all thermic effects αmin = 1.5 mrad
Parameter enumerated in the list
CIPRNI
Valid angular ranges (mrad) Value
EC
α <αmin CE = 1.0
αmin <α <100 CE = α/αmin
α> 100 CE = α
2 / (αmin αmax) mrad with αmax = 100
mrad
T2
α <1.5 T2 = 10 s
1.5 <α <100 T2 = 10. [10 (α-1 ,5)/98,5] s
α> 100 T2 = 100 s
Parameter enumerated in the list
CIPRNI Intervals of valid exposure time (s)
Γ
t ≤ 100 γ = 11 [mrad]
100 <t <104 γ = 1.1 t 0.5 [mrad]
t> 104 γ = 110 [mrad]
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Proposal for Law No. 19 /XI/1.
35
Table 2.6
Correction for repetitive exposure
Each of the following three general rules should be applied to all exhibitions
repetitive arising from laser systems of repetitive or scanning impulses.
1. The resulting exposure of a single thrust of a series of impulses shall not exceed
the limit value of exposure of a single impulse with this pulse duration.
2. The resulting exhibition of a group of impulses (or impulse subgroup in a series)
issued in time t should not exceed the exposure limit value for t time.
3. Exposition resulting from a single impulse in a group of impulses shall not exceed the
limit value of exposure of a single impulse multiplied by the correction factor
cumulative thermal Cp=N-0, 25, where N is the number of impulses. This rule applies
only to exposure limits for protection against thermal lesions, where all the
impulses emitted in less than Tmin are treated as a single impulse.
Parameter Range of valid spectrum (nm) Value
Tmin
315 <λ≤ 400 Tmin = 10 -9 s (= 1 ns)
400 <λ≤ 1050 Tmin = 18.10 to -6 s (= 18 μs)
1050 <λ≤ 1400 Tmin = 50.10 to -6 s (= 50 μs)
1400 <λ≤ 1500 Tmin = 10 to -3 s (= 1 ms)
1500 <λ≤ 1800 Tmin = 10 s
1800 <λ≤ 2600 Tmin = 10 to -3 s (= 1 ms)
2600 <λ≤ 10 6 Tmin = 10 -7 s (= 100 ns)