Advanced Search

Approving The Convention On The Privileges And Immunities Of The Specialized Agencies Of The United Nations Its Annex Iv-Unesco, Adopted By The United Nations General Assembly On 21 November 1947.

Original Language Title: Aprova a Convenção sobre os privilégios e imunidades das Organizações Especializadas das Nações Unidas o seu Anexo IV-UNESCO, adoptada pela Assembleia Geral das Nações Unidas, em 21 de Novembro de 1947.

Subscribe to a Global-Regulation Premium Membership Today!

Key Benefits:

Subscribe Now for only USD$40 per month.

MOTION FOR RESOLUTION No. 38 /X

Exhibition of Motives

Considering that Portugal is Party to the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the

United Nations, adopted on February 13, 1946, having deposited the respective

instrument of accession on October 14, 1998;

Considering that the General Assembly of the United Nations adopted, on February 13

of 1946, a resolution biased to the unification of the privileges and immunities of which

enjoy the United Nations and its various Specialized Organizations, in that

felt adopted, on November 21, 1947, the Convention on Privileges and

Immunities of the Specialized Organizations and their Annexes;

Considering that the accession to the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the

Specialized Organizations and their Annex IV-UNESCO agilize and facilitate participation

national in the activities of UNESCO, as well as the achievement in our country of meetings

within the framework of this Organization;

Thus:

Under the terms of the paragraph d) of Article 197 (1) of the Constitution, the Government presents to the

Assembly of the Republic the following motion for a resolution:

Article 1.

Approves the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of Organizations

Specialized and its Annex IV-UNESCO, adopted by the General Assembly of the

United Nations, on November 21, 1947, the text of which, in the versions authenticated in the

languages English and French, as well as their respective translation in Portuguese language, if

publishes in annex.

Article 2.

The text of the Convention is formulated the following reservation:

The exemption set out in paragraph b) of section 19 does not apply to Portuguese nationals

and to residents in Portuguese territory who have not acquired that quality for the purpose

of the exercise of the activity.

Seen and approved in Council of Ministers of April 27, 2006

The Prime Minister

The Minister of the Presidency

The Minister of Parliamentary Affairs

CONVENTION ON PRIVILEGES AND IMMUNITIES

OF THE SPECIALIZED ORGANIZATIONS

Adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations

on November 21, 1947

___________

FINAL TEXTS AND REVISED TEXTS

OF THE ATTACHED

(as approved by the specialized organizations

on April 1, 1974)

CONVENTION ON PRIVILEGES AND IMMUNITIES

OF THE SPECIALIZED ORGANIZATIONS

Adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations

on November 21, 1947

Considering that the General Assembly of the United Nations adopted on the day 13 of

February 1946 resolution with a view to unification, as far as possible, of the

privileges and immunities enjoyed by the United Nations and the different organizations

specialized;

Considering who have held consultations between the United Nations and the

specialized organizations for the practical application of the said resolution;

In consequence , by resolution 179 (II) adopted on November 21, 1947,

the General Assembly adopted the Convention which follows, to which it is submitted to

acceptance to the specialized organizations and for membership of all Members of Nations

United, as well as all other member states of one or several organizations

specialized.

Article I

Definitions and scope of application

Section 1

For the purposes of this Convention:

i) The words "standard clauses" refer to the provisions of Articles II to

IX.

ii) The words "specialized organizations" refer to:

a) To the International Labour Organization;

b) To the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations;

c) To the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization;

d) To the International Civil Aviation Organization;

e) to the International Monetary Fund;

f) To the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development;

g) To the World Health Organization;

h) To The Universal Postal Union;

i) To the International Telecommunication Union;

j) To any other organization linked to the United Nations in accordance with

articles 57 and 63 of the Charter.

iii) The word "Convention", as it applies to a particular

specialized organization, assigns the standard clauses modified by the final text (or

revised) of the Annex transmitted by that organization pursuant to the provisions of the sections

36 and 38.

iv) For the purposes of Article III, the words "goods and heritage" apply

equally to the goods and funds administered by a specialized organization in the

exercise of your organic assignments.

v) For the purposes of Articles V and VII, the expression ' representatives shall be deemed to be

of the members " covers all representatives, alternating representatives, advisers,

technical experts and secretaries of delegations.

vi) For the purposes of sections 13, 14, 15 and 25, the expression " meetings convened by

a specialized organization " refers to the meetings: 1) of your assembly or your

steering body (regardless of the term used to designate them); 2) of

any commission provided for in its constitutive instrument; 3) of any conference

international by it convened; 4) of any commission of any of the organs

precedents.

vii) The term "Managing Director" designates the main employee of the organisation

specialized in question, regardless of whether you have the title of director-general or

any other.

Section 2

Any State that is a party to this Convention in respect of any

organization specializing in the framework of its accession and in relation to which it has become

applicable to this Convention by virtue of the provisions of section 37, shall grant to that

organization the privileges and immunities provided for by the standard clauses in the conditions

therein specified, subject to any modifications made to the said

clauses by the provisions of the final text (or revised) of the Annex relating to that

organization and transmitted in accordance with the provisions of sections 36 or 38.

Article II

Legal personality

Section 3

Specialized organizations have legal personality. Have the

ability: a) to hire; (b) to acquire and divest movable and immovable property; d) judiciary.

Article III

Goods, funds and heritage

Section 4

The specialized organizations, their goods and heritage, wherever they

find and whoever is your possessor, enjoy immunity from jurisdiction, save in the

measure in which she has expressly waived in a particular case. Understand-

however that the waiver is not extendable to enforcement measures.

Section 5

The facilities of the specialized organizations are inviolable. The goods and

heritage of specialist organisations, wherever they meet and who they are

the possessor, are exempt from search, requisition, forfeiture, expropriation or any other

form of executive, administrative, judicial or legislative interference.

Section 6

The archives of the specialized organizations and, in general, all the

documents that belong to you or are in your possession are inviolable, where you want

find themselves.

Section 7

Without which they are subject to any kind of control, regulation or

a moratorium on a financial nature:

a) Specialized organizations may possess funds, gold or foreign exchange of

any type and have accounts in any currency;

b) Specialized organizations can freely transfer their funds,

gold or its foreign exchange from one country to another, or within any country and

convert any foreign currencies from which they are holder in any other currency.

Section 8

In the exercise of the rights granted to it under section 7 supra ,

each of the specialized organizations will take into account any interpellation

to be made by the government of any State that is a party to this Convention

to the extent it considers it to be able to give it a follow up without such a prejudice to its

own interests.

Section 9

Specialized organizations, their heritage, income and other goods are:

a) Isents of all direct taxes; it is understood, however, that the

specialized organizations will not require tax exemption that are no longer the

that the simple remuneration of public utility services;

b) Isents of all customs duties and of all prohibitions and restrictions

of import or export in respect of imported or exported objects

by the specialized organizations for their official use; it becomes understood, however, that

articles imported under this exemption will not be sold in the territory of the country

in which they have been introduced, except under conditions agreed with the government

of that country;

c) Isents of all customs duties and of all prohibitions and restrictions

of import or export with respect to its publications.

Section 10

Although specialized organizations do not claim, as a general rule, the

exemption from indirect taxes and fees on the sale that incorporate the price of the

movable or immovable property, when they, however, carry out for their official use purchases

significant at whose price are included taxes and fees of this nature, the

States that are party to this Convention shall take, where this shall be

possible, appropriate administrative measures with a view to the discount or refund

of these taxes and fees.

Article IV

Facilities for communication

Section 11

Each of the specialized organizations will benefit, for their communications

officers, in the territory of any State which is a party to this Convention in what

say respect to that organization, of a treatment no less favorable than that

which is granted by the government of that State to any other government, including the

respective diplomatic representation, in relation to priorities, tariffs and fees on the

mail, cabograms, telegrams, radiotelegrams, telephotos, telephone communications and

other communications, and in the matter of press fares for the information to

press and radio.

Section 12

The official correspondence and the other official communications of the organizations

specialized cannot be the subject of censorship.

Specialized organizations will have the right to use codes as well as

to exclaim and receive your correspondence for post offices or sealed suitcases, which will enjoy the

same privileges and immunities as the post office and diplomatic suitcases.

This section may in no way be construed as an impediment

of the adoption of appropriate security measures, to be determined by agreement between the

State that is a party to this Convention and a specialized organization.

Article V

Representatives of the members

Section 13

The representatives of the members at the meetings convened by an organisation

specialized enjoy, during the exercise of their duties and in their travels to the e

the location of the meeting, of the following privileges and immunities:

a) Immunity of arrest or detention and seizure of their personal baggage and,

with regard to the acts by them practiced in their official capacity (including the

your words spoken and written), immunity from jurisdiction of any kind;

b) Inviolability of all papers and documents;

c) Right to use codes and to receive documents or correspondence by

post offices or in sealed suitcases;

(d) Exemption, for the own and for their spouses, for all

restrictive measures relating to immigration, of all formalities of registration of

foreigners, and of all national service obligations in the countries by them visited

or crossed in the exercise of their duties;

(e) Facilities with respect to monetary or foreign exchange restrictions equal to those which

are granted to the representatives of foreign governments on official mission

temporary;

f) Immunities and facilities as to personal baggage equal to those which are

granted to the members of the comparable hierarchical level diplomatic missions.

Secção14

In order to guarantee the representatives of the members of the specialized organizations

at the meetings by these convened a complete freedom of expression and a

complete independence in the performance of its functions, the immunity of jurisdiction in the

relating to the words spoken or written or to the acts by them practiced in the

performance of their duties will continue to be awarded to them even after

ended the mandate of these people.

Section 15

In cases where the incidence of a tax of any nature depends on the

residence of the subject, the periods during which the representatives of the members of the

organizations specializing in the meetings by these convened meet in the

territory of a member for the performance of his duties shall not be considered as

periods of residence.

Section 16

The privileges and immunities are granted to the representatives of the members, not

for your personal benefit, but rather so that they can ensure in complete independence

the exercise of its functions within the framework of specialized organizations. By

therefore, a member has not only the right, but also the duty to lift the

immunity of your representative in all cases in which, in his or her understanding, such

immunity prevents it from being done justice and can be lifted without prejudice to the purpose

for which it is granted.

Section 17

The provisions of sections 13, 14 and 15 shall not apply to the authorities of the

State of the nationality of the person or of which she is or was representative.

Article VI

Employees

Section 18

Each specialized organization will define the categories of employees to which if

applies the provisions of this Article as well as of Article VIII. This will give

knowledge to the governments of all States that are a party to this Convention

with regard to the said organization, as well as to the Secretary General of Nations

United. The names of the employees included in these categories will be communicated

periodically to the supra mentioned governments.

Section 19

The employees of the specialized organizations:

a) Gozshall of immunity from jurisdiction as to the acts by them practiced in their

official quality (including spoken and written words);

b) Gozshall, with regard to the wages and emoluments paid to them

by the specialized organizations, of the same tax exemptions that are

granted to the employees of the United Nations, and under the same conditions;

c) They will not be subject, nor will their spouses and their family members to their

job title, restrictive measures concerning immigration, nor the formalities of registration of

foreigners;

d) Gozshall, with regard to exchange facilities, of the same privileges

that the members of the comparable hierarchical level diplomatic missions;

e) Gozshall, in period of international crisis, as well as their spouses and

familiar to their office, of the same repatriation facilities as the members of the

comparable hierarchical level diplomatic missions;

f) Gozshall of the right to import, duty free, its furniture and its

personal property on the occasion of its first assumption of duties in the country in question.

Section 20

The employees of the specialized organizations will be exempt from any and all

obligation on the national service. However, such an exemption will stay, relatively to the

States of their nationality, limited to the employees of the specialized organizations

that, by virtue of their duties, have been expressly designated in a list

drawn up by the director general of the organization specialized and approved by the State in

question.

In case of call to the national service of other employees of the

specialized organizations, the State in question will grant, at the request of the organization

specialized, the call postponements that you can reveal necessary to avoid

the interruption of the essential service.

Section 21

In addition to the privileges and immunities provided for in sections 19 and 20, the Director-

general of each specialized organization, as well as any employee who acts in

name of it in your absence, both with regard to the own as well as with regard to your

spouse and minor children, shall enjoy the privileges, immunities, exemptions and facilities

granted to diplomatic envoys, in accordance with International Law.

Section 22

Privileges and immunities are granted to employees only in the interest

of the specialized organizations and not for their personal benefit. Each organization

specialized can and should lift the immunity granted to an employee in

all cases in which, in their view, such immunity prevents from being done justice and

may be raised without prejudice to the interests of the specialized organization.

Section 23

Each specialized organization will collaborate permanently with the authorities

competent member states with a view to facilitating the good administration of justice, the

ensure compliance with police regulations and prevent any abuse that may

result from the privileges, immunities and facilities listed in this article.

Article VII

Abuse of privileges

Section 24

If a State which is a party to this Convention considers that there was abuse

of a privilege or of an immunity granted by this Convention, to be held-

if-consultations between that State and the specialized organization involved with a view to

determine if there was de facto abuse and, if so, seek to prevent a

possible repetition. If such consultations do not lead to a satisfactory result for the

State and for the specialized organization involved, the question of whether there was abuse

of a privilege or an immunity will be brought before the International Court of

Justice, as provided for in section 32. If the International Court of Justice concludes

that has given such abuse, the State which is a party to this Convention and affected by the

referred to abuse shall have the right, after notification to the specialized organization involved, of

leave to grant, in your relations with that organization, the benefit of privilege

or of immunity that has been the subject of abuse.

Section 25

1. The representatives of the members at the meetings convened by the organizations

specialized, during the course of the performance of their duties and in the course of their travels to

o and of the meeting place, as well as the officials referred to in section 18, shall not be

required by the territorial authorities to leave the country in which they exercise their

functions as a result of activities by them exerted in their official capacity.

However, in the case of a person abusing the privilege of residence by exercising in the said

country activities with no relation to your official duties, you may be obliged by the

the country's government to abandon it, subject to the following provisions:

2. I) The representatives of the members or the persons enjoying immunity

diplomatic pursuant to section 21 will only be required to leave the country since

are observed the diplomatic procedures applicable to diplomatic envoys

accredited in that country.

II) In the case of an employee to whom the provisions of section 21 do not apply,

no expulsion decision will be taken without the approval of the Minister of Business

Foreigners from the country in question, approval of which will only be given after consultation with the

director-general of the specialized organization involved; and if a process is opened

expulsion against an employee, the director general of the specialist organisation will have the

right to intervene in that process in defence of the person against whom the

process.

Article VIII

Free-transit

Section 26

The employees of the specialist organisations will have the right to use the free-

bring-up of the United Nations, in accordance with the administrative arrangements that

will be negotiated between the Secretary-General of the United Nations and the authorities

competent of the specialized organizations in which the powers will be delegated

special to issue the free-tranths. The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall notify the

each of the States that are party to this Convention, the agreements

administrative so celebrated.

Section 27

The free-tracts issued by the United Nations on behalf of the officials of the

specialized organizations will be recognized and accepted as a valid travel title

by States that are party to this Convention.

Section 28

Visa applications (if necessary) by employees of the organisations

specialized free-transit holders of the United Nations and accompanied by a

certificate that attests that these employees travel on account of an organization

specialized should be examined in the shortest possible time. In addition, they will be

granted to the holders of these free-tracts of quick travel facilities.

Section 29

Facilities identical to those mentioned in section 28 will be granted to the

experts and other people who, not being fitted with a free-transit of Nations

United, be holders of a certificate that attests that they travel on account of a

specialized organization.

Section 30

The Directors-General of Specialized Organizations, Directors-General adjoining,

department directors and other hierarchical level employees at least equal

to that of director of department of the specialized organizations, who travel on account

of the specialized and mundane organizations of a free United Nations transit,

shall enjoy the same travel facilities as the members of the diplomatic missions

of comparable hierarchical level.

Article IX

Settlement of disputes

Section 31

Each specialized organization should provide for appropriate mechanisms of

resolution of:

a) disputes in respect of contracts or other disputes of private law in

that the specialized organization is a party;

b) Different in which an employee of an organization is involved

specialises that, by virtue of its official situation, enjoys immunity, if such immunity

is not raised pursuant to the provisions of section 22.

Section 32

Any contestation arising from the interpretation or application of the present

Convention shall be brought before the International Court of Justice, except in cases

in which the parties are in order to draw on another means of resolution. If a one arises

dispute between one of the specialized organizations, on the one hand, and a State

member, on the other, will be asked to appear advisory on any matter of law

raised, in accordance with Article 96 of the Charter and with Article 65 of the Staff Regulations

of the Court, and still with the applicable provisions of the agreements concluded between the

United Nations and the specialized organization involved. The opinion of the Court will be

accepted by the parties as decisive.

Article X

Annexes and application of the Convention

to each specialized organization

Section 33

Standard clauses will apply to each specialized organization, subject to

any modifications arising from the final text (or revised) of the Annex relating to that

organization, as provided for in sections 36 and 38.

Section 34

The provisions of the Convention shall be interpreted in respect of each

of the specialized organizations, taking into account the assignments that are given to it

consignments in the respective constitutive instrument.

Section 35

The draft Annexes I to IX constitute recommendations to organisations

specialized that in them are expressly mentioned. In the case of an organization

specialized not to be mentioned in section 1, the Secretary-General of Nations

The United Nations shall transmit to that organization a draft annex recommended by the

Economic and Social Council.

Section 36

The final text of each attachment will be the one that has been approved by the organization

specialized involved, in accordance with the procedure laid down in your instrument

constitutive. Each of the specialized organizations shall transmit to the Secretary-General

of the United Nations a copy of the annex that it has approved, and which will replace the project to which

refers to section 35.

Section 37

This Convention shall become applicable to a specialized organization

when the latter has transmitted to the Secretary-General of the United Nations the final text of the

attachment that concerns you and has communicated to you that you accept the standard clauses

modified by the Annex and which undertakes to apply Sections 8, 18, 22, 23, 24, 31,

32, 42 and 45 (subject to any modifications to section 32 that may be

required to introduce in the final text of the attachment to make it as per the instrument

constitutive of the organization), as well as all the provisions of the Annex they impose

obligations to the organization. The Secretary-General shall communicate to all Members of the

United Nations as well as all member states of the specialized organizations

certified copies of all attachments that have been transmitted to you in

compliance with the provisions of this Section, as well as of the revised Annexes

transmitted in compliance with the provisions of section 38.

Section 38

If, after having transmitted the final text of an annex in accordance with the

section 36, a specialized organization to adopt, in accordance with its procedure

provided for in the constitutive instrument, certain amendments to that Annex, shall transmit the text

revised from the Annex to the Secretary-General of the United Nations.

Section 39

The provisions of this Convention shall not behave any limitation and in

nothing will harm the privileges and immunities that have already been or may be

granted by a state to a specialized organization by virtue of this having

established its registered office or its regional offices in the territory of that State. The

this Convention may not be interpreted as an impediment to the celebration of

additional agreements between a state that is a party and a specialized organization with

a view to the adjustment of the provisions of this Convention, to the extent or limitation

of the privileges and immunities by it granted.

Section 40

It is understood that the standard clauses modified by the final text of an attachment

transmitted by an organization specialized to the Secretary-General of the United Nations

pursuant to section 36 (or a revised Annex transmitted pursuant to section 38)

should be in accordance with the provisions of the organization's constitutive instrument

then in force, and that, if for this it is necessary to introduce an amendment in that

instrument, such amendment shall have entered into force in accordance with the procedure

provided for in the constitutive instrument of the organization prior to the transmission of the final text

(or revised) of the Annex.

No provision of the constitutive instrument of an organisation

specialized, nor any right or obligation that this organization may from another

mode to own, acquire or assume, may be revoked or derogated by the effect of the

this Convention.

Article XI

Final provisions

Section 41

The accession to this Convention by a member of the United Nations and (subject to

of the provisions of section 42) by any State member of an organisation

specialized shall be carried out by deposit with the Secretary-General of the United Nations of

an instrument of accession that will produce effect on the date of its deposit.

Section 42

Each specialized organization involved will communicate the text of the present

Convention as well as the Annexes that concern you to its members who do not

are members of the United Nations; and will invite you to join the Convention in what

says respect, by deposit of the necessary instrument of accession with the Secretary-General

of the United Nations or the Director-General of the organization concerned.

Section 43

Each State Party which is a Party to this Convention shall designate in its instrument

of membership of the specialized organization or the specialized organizations to which or the

which undertakes to apply the provisions of this Convention. Each State that

is a party to this Convention may, by written notification subsequent to the Secretary-

General of the United Nations, commit to implement the provisions of the present

Convention to one or several other specialized organizations. That notification

shall take effect on the date of its receipt by the Secretary-General.

Section 44

This Convention shall enter into force between each State which is a party to

this Convention and a specialized organization when it has become applicable

to that organization under the provisions of section 37 and the State that is party to

made a commitment to apply the provisions of this Convention to that

organization under the provisions of section 43.

Section 45

The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall inform all Member States of the

United Nations, as well as all member states of the specialized organizations and

the directors-general of the specialized organizations, of the deposit of each instrument

of accession received pursuant to the provisions of section 41, and of all notifications

later received pursuant to the provisions of section 43. The director general of each

specialized organization will inform the Secretary-General of the United Nations and the

members of the organization involved in the deposit of any instrument of accession

deposited with it pursuant to the provisions of section 42.

Section 46

It is understood that, when an instrument of accession or an instrument is deposited

subsequent notification on behalf of any State, this shall be in a condition of

apply, in the light of its right, the provisions of this Convention, such as

modified by the final texts of all the annexes concerning the organizations

contemplated in the accessions or notifications supra mentioned.

Section 47

1. Subject to the provisions of paragraphs 2 and 3 of this section, each State

which is a party to this Convention undertakes to apply the Convention to each

of the specialized organizations included by that State in its instrument of accession

or in a subsequent notification, until a revised convention or annex becomes

applicable to that organization and the said State has accepted the Convention or the Annex

so reviewed. In the case of a revised Annex, the acceptance by the States shall be effected by

a notification addressed to the Secretary-General of the United Nations, to which it will produce effect

on the day of its reception by the Secretary-General.

2. However, any State which is a party to this Convention and which does not

be it or that it has ceased to be a member of a specialized organization can drive

a written notification to the Secretary-General of the United Nations and to the Director-General of the

organization involved informing them that it intends to cease granting this

organization the benefit of this Convention from a given date that

will not be able to precede in less than three months the date of receipt of this notification.

3. Any State Party which is a party to this Convention may refuse to

grant the benefit of this same Convention to a specialized organization that

will cease to be bound by the United Nations.

4. The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall inform all States that they are

part in this Convention of any notification that is transmitted to us

terms of the provisions of this section.

Section 48

At the request of one third of the States which are a party to this Convention, the

Secretary-General of the United Nations to convene a conference with a view to the review of the

Convention.

Section 49

The Secretary-General shall transmit copy of this Convention to each of the

specialized organizations and the government of each of the Members of the United Nations.

ANNEX IV

UNITED NATIONS TO

THE EDUCATION, SCIENCE AND CULTURE

Standard clauses will apply to the United Nations Organization for the

Education, Science and Culture (henceforth designated by "the Organization") subject to the

following provisions:

1. The President of the Conference and the members of the Board of Directors of the

Organization, its alternates and advisors will benefit from the provisions of Article V and

of section 25, paragraph 2, I of Article VII, with the exception that any

waiver of immunity that applies to them, under the provisions of section 16,

is determined by the Board of Directors.

2. The Deputy Director-General of the Organization, your spouse and your minor children

shall also enjoy the privileges, immunities, exemptions and facilities granted to the

diplomatic envoys in accordance with International Law and guaranteed by the

Article VI, section 21, of the Convention to the Director-General of each specialized organization.

3. i) The experts (in addition to the officials mentioned in Article VI), when

carry out duties with the Organization's committees or when they fulfill missions to

the latter, shall enjoy the privileges and immunities mentioned in the measure in

which are necessary for them for the effective exercise of their duties, including during

the journeys made on the occasion of the exercise of their duties to those referred to

commissions or in the course of such missions:

a) Immunity of personal detention or seizure of your personal baggage;

b) Immunity of any legal proceedings in respect of acts by them

practiced in the exercise of their official duties (including their words

spoken and written); those interested will continue to benefit from the said immunity

even after they have left to perform duties with the committees of the

Organization or to have ceased to be in charge of assignments on account of

of the latter;

c) The same facilities, with respect to monetary regulations and

foreign exchange and their personal baggage, which granted them to the employees of the

foreign governments on temporary official mission.

ii) The privileges and immunities are granted to the experts in the interest of the

Organization and not to your personal advantage. The Organization can and should raise

the immunity granted to an expert in all cases in which he considers that such

immunity impairs the action of justice and can be raised without prejudice to the interests

of the Organization.