REGULATION
MINISTER OF LABOUR AND SOCIAL POLICY ¹⁾

of 27 May 2010

on health and safety at work in relation to exposure to optical radiation ²⁾

• Metric
• Codified text

On the basis of art. 237 ¹⁵ § 1 of the Act of 26 June 1974. -Labour Code (Dz. U. 1998 r. No 21, pos. 94, z późn. (d) the following shall be managed:

§ 1. 1. The Regulation sets out minimum requirements for:

1) the determination of the level of exposure,

2) occupational risk assessment,

3. avoidance or reduction of occupational risks,

4) information and training of employees

-where an exposure of an employee to optical radiation is likely to occur in the form of non-assertive radiation or laser radiation.

2. The provisions of the Regulation shall not apply in the works connected with exposure to natural optical radiation.

§ 2. The terms used in the Regulation indicate:

1. Specific risk groups-workers who:

(a) they are subject to special health protection on the basis of separate provisions, in particular pregnant women and juveniles,

(b) have indications of hypersensitivity to the optical radiation or to the use of photosensitive agents;

2. radiation level-the value of the parameters characterising optical radiation as a physical health hazard factor in the working environment, as defined in point 1.2 of the Annex to the Regulation for non-assertive radiation and in point 2.3. the Annex to the Regulation for laser radiation;

3) the level of exposure-the level of radiation after taking into account collective protection measures, applied to limit the worker's exposure to optical radiation;

4. optical radiation-any electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength range from 100 nm to 1 mm, occurring as:

(a) ultraviolet (UV) or ultraviolet radiation-optical radiation of wavelength between 100 nm and 400 nm; the range of ultraviolet is divided into UVA (315 -400 nm), UVB (280-315 nm) and UVC (100-280 nm) bands,

(b) visible radiation (VIS) or light-optical radiation with a wavelength range between 380 nm and 780 nm,

(c) infrared radiation (IR) or infrared radiation, optical radiation of wavelength range from 780 nm to 1 mm; the infrared range shall be divided into the bands: IRA (780-1400 nm), IRB (1400-3000 nm) and IRC (3000 nm-1 mm);

5) the MDE values-the maximum permissible exposures to optical radiation, as defined by the provisions on the maximum concentration limits and the intensities of harmful factors for the health of the work environment;

6. radiation source shall be considered as sources of optical radiation:

(a) in the case of non-assertive radiation:

-electrical sources, in particular: ultraviolet (UV), infrared (IR) radiators, light bulbs, fluorescent lamps, mercury, xenon, deuterium and others,

-luminescent and thermal sources which emit optical radiation as a by-product of the technological process performed, in particular: electric arches, plasma and gas burners, furnaces, furnaces, melted metals or other materials and any objects warped to high temperature,

(b) in the case of laser radiation:

-lasers, i.e. any device producing or amplifying optical radiation in the process of controlled emission of forced emission,

-laser devices, i.e. any device containing one or more lasers in a complex optical, electrical or mechanical system,

-laser systems of fiber optic transmission, including fibre optic telecommunication systems,

-radiation sources using mainly spontaneous emission, but the nature of the radiation generated and the risks they pose justify the treatment of such a source on an equal basis with lasers, in particular light-emitting diodes (LEDs) (LED) large power.

§ 3. 1. The employer shall determine the level of radiation on the basis of measurements, performed in accordance with the regulations on the research and measurement of factors harmful to health in the work environment, and then determines the level of exposure as specified in the annex to Regulation.

2. The employer possessing the technical characteristics of the radiation source, permitting the determination of the appropriate parameters of the optical radiation without performing the tests and measurements in the work environment:

1) assesses the radiation level on the basis of:

(a) data from the manufacturer of the radiation source containing the results of measurements of the radiated radiation levels, or

(b) the calculation of the relevant radiation parameters at the workplace, where such calculations may be carried out, based on the knowledge of the laws and rules on optical radiation;

2) determine the level of exposure based on the assessment of the level of radiation, as specified in the Annex to the Regulation;

3. repeats the determination of the exposure level whenever there have been changes in the technical equipment, technological process or operating conditions which may have affected the level of radiation or exposure, or have occurred other than the circumstances which justify its redesignation;

4) document the results of the assessment of the level of exposure, obtained on the basis of the activities defined in points 1-3;

5) on the basis of the results of the assessment of the level of exposures referred to in point 4, makes an entry concerning the optical radiation to the register of factors harmful to the health of the workplace, carried out on the basis of the provisions in the case research and measurement of factors harmful to health in the work environment.

3. The employer shall not consider optical radiation as a harmful factor for health in the working environment, if the exposure level does not exceed 0,4 MDE values and the exposure does not concern workers belonging to specific risk groups or not other factors causing the increase in the risk of workers referred to in § 4 (1) (a) 1 points 4 and 5.

4. The employer shall not perform the activities referred to in the paragraph. 1 or 2, if used:

1) lamps operated in general lighting in the luminaires intended for them and at an appropriate distance from the exposed parts of the worker's body or

2) lamps or lamp systems, classified as a risk free group according to the Polish Standard ³⁾ , or

3) lasers included, according to the Polish Norm ⁴⁾ , to Class 1, 1M, 2, 2M or 3R, which are operating under the conditions specified by the manufacturer of the device, or

4) lasers included, according to the Polish Norm ⁴⁾ , to class 3B or 4, to which collective protection measures have been applied, allowing the device to be classified in Class 1.

5. On the basis of the results of the assessment of the level of exposures referred to in paragraph. Article 2 (4), the employer shall draw up an exposure assessment card in which the following data shall be entered:

1. the name of the harmful agent;

2) the date of execution of the radiation level assessment;

(3) the place to which the assessment of radiation levels is concerned;

4) the name and surname performing the assessment of the radiation level;

5) the method used to perform the radiation level assessment;

6) assessed radiation levels and the designated level of exposure;

7) interpretation of the result;

8) the position of the work.

6. The provisions on research and measurement of health-harmful factors in the work environment shall be used to store the results of the exposure assessment and the assessment of the level of exposure and to make available to employees the data contained in this documentation. concerning the results of the tests and measurements and the test and measurement sheets respectively.

§ 4. 1. The employer shall assess the occupational risks associated with the exposure of workers to optical radiation, resulting from the specific determinants occurring in the workplace, with particular regard to:

1) factors affecting the effects of optical radiation on the human body, as defined in point 1.1 of the Annex to the Regulation for non-assertive radiation and in point 2.1 of the Annex to the Regulation for radiation laser;

2) the MDE values, including the values of MDE separately for pregnant women as defined in the provisions on works particularly cumbersome or harmful to women's health, and restrictions on the employment of juveniles resulting from the provisions in the case works on the juvenile and the conditions for employing some of these works;

3) effects on the health and safety of workers, including those belonging to specific risk groups;

4) possible effects on the health and safety of workers, resulting from the co-occurrence in the environment of optical radiation and photosensitising chemicals;

5) indirect effects affecting the safety of workers, in particular the risks associated with the possibility of a call for enolliment, fire or explosion;

6) the existence of protective devices and other protective equipment against excessive levels of exposure;

7) medical knowledge in available publications and information obtained as a result of prophylactic medical examinations of employees;

8) cases of exposure to optical radiation emitted by more than one source of radiation or exposure to optical radiation with a wide range of wavelengths;

9) classification of lasers given in the Polish Standard ⁴⁾ , as well as any similar classification of sources of radiation that may cause hazards comparable to that of Class 3B or Class 4;

10) information provided by the manufacturers of radiation sources and related equipment, performed in accordance with harmonised standards and meeting the essential requirements within the meaning of the provisions of the conformity assessment system.

2. The employer shall keep the documentation, in accordance with the provisions on general occupational health and safety regulations, concerning the assessment of professional risk:

1) executed within the scope specified in the paragraph. 1 or

2) drawn up in the form of justification for not seeing the optical radiation as a harmful factor for health in the working environment, in case of compliance with the conditions referred to in § 3 paragraph. 3.

3. The employer shall reassess the occupational risks if there have been changes in the working conditions or other circumstances which indicate the need to update this assessment.

4. On the basis of the results of the occupational risk assessment, the employer shall determine the necessary organisational and technical measures to reduce that risk, in accordance with the provisions of § 5-9.

§ 5. 1. Taking into account the technical solutions available and scientific and technical progress, the employer shall eliminate the occupational risks associated with the exposure to optical radiation, or limit them to the greatest extent possible, in particular by winding up the hazards at the site of their formation.

2. Where the assessment of professional risk shows that there is a possibility of levels of exposure exceeding the MDE values, the employer shall draw up and implement a programme of organisational and technical measures to prevent overage the acceptable exposure levels.

3. In the programme, the employer shall take into account in particular the activities of:

1) the introduction of processes or working methods limiting the occupational risks associated with optical radiation;

2) the selection of devices intended to perform a particular work, with the lowest possible emission of optical radiation;

3) limiting the emission of optical radiation by technical means, including by application, in cases necessary, protective devices and other collective protection measures (locks, enclosures, shields, screens, etc.);

4) the maintenance of the equipment which is the source of the emission of optical radiation and their equipment, the protective devices used and the means of collective protection, and the places and workplaces;

5) the design of jobs and the placement of workstations in a way that allows to isolate from radiation sources and to limit simultaneous exposure to optical radiation emitted by multiple radiation sources;

6) limiting the duration and level of exposure;

7. ensuring that personal protective equipment is properly selected;

8) observance of the instructions of the manufacturers of equipment, in particular as regards safe handling, preventing the formation of harmful emission of optical radiation or excessive levels of exposure.

§ 6. 1. The employer shall mean the safety marks of the workplace in which the radiation level may exceed the MDE values, and shall separate the zones with such sites and restrict access to them, if technically feasible.

2. Signs of safety shall be applied in accordance with the provisions on general health and safety regulations of work.

§ 7. 1. The level of exposure of an employee to optical radiation, after taking into account all the protective measures applied to limit the hazard, including personal protective equipment, shall not exceed the MDE value.

2. Paragraph Recipe 1 shall apply mutatis mutandis to natural persons who perform work on a basis other than employment or self-employed activity in the establishment of work or any other place designated by the employer, students or students taking practical classes, persons performing short-term work or inspection activities and persons not taking part in the work process, if the work with the use of radiation sources is carried out in the places to which those persons have access.

3. In the case of a statement of exceedances of the MDE value, despite the measures taken to limit the exposure level, the employer shall:

1) take immediate action to reduce the exposure level below the MDE value;

2) determine the reasons for the exceedances;

3) carry out the activities referred to in § 10 (1). 3 to prevent the recurrence of exceedances.

§ 8. In determining and undertaking the organisational and technical measures provided for in § 5-7, the employer shall adjust them accordingly to the needs of workers belonging to specific risk groups.

§ 9. 1. In the framework of occupational health and safety training, the employer employing workers subject to exposure to optical radiation shall provide them with information on the results of occupational risk assessment, in particular concerning:

1) taken on the basis of a regulation of the measures necessary to eliminate or limit professional risk and the circumstances under which such measures should be applied;

2) the values of the MDE and the associated potential risks;

3. the results of the determination of the level of exposure, the risks posed by the optical radiation occurring in the workplace and the potential effects on the health or safety of workers;

4) the causes of the emergence of diseases caused by exposure to optical radiation, their symptoms and ways of detection;

5) prophylactic medical examinations and the risks posed by photosensitive agents;

6) safe ways of doing work, limiting the level of exposure to the smallest possible value;

7) correct application of appropriately selected personal protective equipment.

2. The employer shall consult with the employees or their representatives all activities concerning occupational safety and health at work related to exposure to optical radiation, in accordance with the procedure laid down in art. 237 ^11a the Act of 26 June 1974. -Labour Code.

§ 10. 1. The employer shall provide the employees subject to exposure to optical radiation medical care in the scope and on the rules laid down in the regulations on medical examinations of workers, the scope of preventive health care for workers and medical certificates issued for the purposes provided for in the Code of Labour.

2. The employer shall provide the doctor with preventive health care for workers information on the factors of the working environment, whose interaction with optical radiation may have adverse effects on the health condition. workers, in particular concerning the presence of photosensitive chemicals.

3. Where, as a result of the performed prophylactic examinations, the doctor has found a disease or other adverse health effects that may have been caused by an exposure to optical radiation, the employer shall:

1) reassess the occupational risks, in accordance with the requirements set out in § 4,

2) shall review the activities referred to in § 5

-and makes appropriate adjustments, taking into account the advice of a physician with preventive health care for workers.

§ 11. The Regulation shall enter into force after 14 days from the date of the announcement.

¹⁾ The Minister of Labour and Social Policy heads the government administration-work, pursuant to § 1 paragraph. 2 point 1 of the Regulation of the Prime Minister of 18 November 2011 on the detailed scope of the action of the Minister of Labour and Social Policy (Dz. U. Nr. 248, pos. 1485).

²⁾ This Regulation implements Directive 2006 /25/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 April 2006 as regards its regulation. on the minimum health and safety requirements regarding the exposure of workers to the risks arising from physical agents (artificial optical radiation) (19th individual Directive within the meaning of the Article) 16 ust. (Article 1 of Directive 89 /391/EEC) Urz. EU L 114, 27.04.2006, p. 38, z późn. zm.).

³⁾ PN-EN 62471 or replacement standard.

⁴⁾ PN-EN 60825-1 or replacement standard.

Annex 1. [ DETERMINATION OF THE LEVEL OF EXPOSURE TO OPTICAL RADIATION]

Annex to the Regulation of the Minister of Labour and Social Policy
of 27 May 2010

DETERMINATION OF THE LEVEL OF EXPOSURE TO OPTICAL RADIATION

1. The radiation of the non-assertive

1.1. The effects of non-assertive radiation on the human body shall be considered in relation to the skin and the eye, and shall be dependent primarily on:

(a) radiation levels,

b) the wavelength of radiation,

(c) duration of the exposure,

(d) the image size of the radiation source on the retina of the eye for λ=300-1400 [ nm].

1.2. The level of non-assertive radiation, depending on the radiation range and the nature of the hazard, shall be determined by providing the values of the following parameters:

E Irradiance also known as power density: the surface density of the energy stream falling on a given area, expressed in watts per square metre [ W-m ^-2 ], or

H Prominence: the product of irradiance and exposure time, expressed in julls per square metre [ J-m ^-2 ], or

L energetic luminance also referred to as radiance: the ratio of the energy stream to be sent by the surface in a particular direction and the product of the projection of that surface on a plane perpendicular to the direction of radiation and the angle of radiation, expressed in relation to the radiant direction of radiation watts per square metre per steradian [ W-m ^-2 -sr ^-1 ].

1.3. The level of exposure to non-assertive radiation shall be determined in accordance with the formulae set out in Table 1, taking into account:

(a) the level of radiation determined or assessed in accordance with the provisions of § 3 (1) 1 or paragraph 2 point 1 of the Regulation,

(b) qualting obtained through the application of collective protection measures,

(c) the duration of the exposure, as determined in accordance with point 1.4,

(d) all activities relating to the operation of the source of non-assertive radiation in the workplace in respect of: maintenance, maintenance, repair, assembly and control-measuring.

1.4. Determination of duration of exposure:

(a) in the case of a photochemical hazard (lp. 1-4 in Table 1) the total duration of the exposure during the working shift should be determined, regardless of the duration of the exposure,

(b) in the case of a thermal hazard (lp. 5-8 in Table 1) the time of one-off exposure should be determined.

1.5. The designated exposure levels shall be compared with the MDE values for non-assertive radiation, determined in accordance with the provisions on the maximum concentration limits and the intensities of health-harmful factors in the workplace.

Table 1: Designs to determine the level of exposure to non-assertive radiation

Seq.	Wavelength λ [ nm] and range of radio- 2.	Formulae for the determination of the exposure level 1)	Remarks	Organ	Hazard Type
1	180-400 (UVA, UVB and UVC)		time (t) in accordance with point 1.4 (c) a	Eye:
				-cornea	Keratitis, violinitis
				-Spoon	Gastritis
				-lens	photochemical cataracts
				Skin	erythema, photostasis, skin neoplasms
2	315-400 (UVA)			Eye-lens	photochemical cataracts
3	300-700 (Blue light) 2)		for α ≥ 11 [ mrad]	Eye-Volleyball	photochemical retinal damage
4			for α < 11 [ mrad] 3)
5	380-1400 (VIS and IRA)		λ1 = 380 [ nm] λ2 = 1400 [ nm]	Eye-Volleyball	Retinal damage
6	780-1400 (IRA)		λ1 = 780 [ nm] λ2 = 1400 [ nm] (measuring field of view: 11 mrad) 4)
7	780-3000 (IRA and IRB)		-	Eye: -cornea -lens	corneal burn heat cataracs
8	380-3000 (VIS, IRA and IRB)		time (t) in accordance with point 1.4 (c) b for t < 10 s (for t ≥ 10 s the thermal load of the organism should be assessed-as for the hot micro-climate)	Skin	burn

¹⁾ The designs shown in this column can be replaced by the summing patterns using discrete sizes.

²⁾ The range from 300 to 700 [ nm] covers part of the UVB ultraviolet, the entire UVA superviolet and the majority of the light of the VIS; this range is defined as 'blue light' and extracts the hazard of photochemical retina in the eye, for example, when exposed to optical radiation emitted by an electric arc. The blue light in the narrow sense covers only a range of approximately 400 to 490 [ nm].

³⁾ With regard to the constant observation of very small sources with an angle of view < 11 [ mrad], an effective energy luminance of LB could be converted into an effective irradiance of EB. This usually applies only to ophthalmological tools or to immobilization of the eye during anaesthesia. The maximum "viewing time" is calculated by means of the formula: tmax = 100 /EB, where EB is expressed in [ W-m ^-2 ]. Due to eye movement during normal visual tasks, this value does not exceed 100 s.

⁴⁾ Visual field of vision - a spatial angle as seen by the detector, such as a radiometer/spectroradiometer from which the detector receives radiation, expressed in the steradians [ sr].

Note 1: The field of vision should not be confused with the angle of view α (angular size of the observable source).

Note 2: Sometimes the flat angle [ mrad] angle is used to describe the spatial angle of the field of vision of a circular symmetry.

Description of the size of Table 1:

λ radiation wavelength , expressed in nanometres [ nm];

T exposure duration , in seconds [ s];

α angle of view: the angle of view of the source of radiation, expressed in milliradians [ mrad];

Hs effective irradiance of the eye or skin with UV radiation: the sum of the irradiance of the eye or of the skin determined by the spectral distribution S (λ) in the wavelength range of 180 to 400 [ nm], calculated for the duration of the exposure, expressed in julls per square metre [ J-m ^-2 ];

E (λ, t), E (λ) Spectral irradiance: an energy stream with a defined wavelength falling on a given surface, expressed in watts per square metre per nanometer [ W-m ^-2 -nm ^-1 ];

S (λ) the spectral distribution of the activation of the ultraviolet activation: Relative efficiency of the spectral exposure of eye and skin damage caused by UV radiation from the range λ=180-400 [ nm] (given in Table 2) [ dimensionless];

HUVA UVA irradiance exposure: sum of the irradiance rate calculated for the given exposure duration in the wavelength range 315 to 400 [ nm], expressed in julls per square metre [ J-m ^-2 ];

LB effective energy luminance of the source determined by the spectral distribution B (λ) , expressed in watts per square metre per steradian [ W-m ^-2 -sr ^-1 ];

L (λ) Spectral luminance of source: energy luminance of the source for a given wavelength of radiation, expressed in watts per square metre per steradian per nanometer [ W-m ^-2 -sr ^-1 -nm ^-1 ];

B (λ) the spectral distribution of the efficacy of photochemical retinal damage: Relative efficiency of the spectral effect of photochemical damage to the eye of the eye through the blue light in the range λ=300-700 [ nm] (given in Table 3) [ dimensionless];

EB Effective irradiance: the intensity of the radius indicated by the spectral distribution B (λ), expressed in watts per square metre [ W-m ^-2 ];

LR effective energy luminance of the source determined by the spectral distribution R (λ) , expressed in watts per square metre per steradian [ W-m ^-2 -sr ^-1 ];

R (λ) the spectral distribution of the thermal efficacy of retinal damage: Relative efficiency of the spectral effect of the induction of thermal damage to the eye by visible and IRA from the range of λ=380-1400 [ nm] (given in Table 3) [ dimensionless];

EIR the intensity of the irradiance of the eye with the IR: Eye exposure in the range of infrared wavelength range from 780 to 3000 [ nm], expressed in watts per square metre [ W-m ^-2 ];

Hskin Skin epidermis: the sum of the skin intensity calculated for the duration of the exposure in the visible and infrared wavelengths of 380 to 3000 [ nm], expressed in julls per square metre [ J-m ^-2 ].

Table 2: The spectral distribution of the activity of the ultraviolet S (λ)

λ [ nm]	S (λ)
180	0.0120
181	0.0126
182	0.0132
183	0.0138
184	0.0144
185	0.0151
186	0.0158
187	0.0166
188	0.0173
189	0.0181
190	0.0190
191	0.0199
192	0.0208
193	0.0218
194	0.0228
195	0.0239
196	0.0250
197	0.0262
198	0.0274
199	0.0287
200	0.0300
201	0.0334
202	0.0371
203	0.0412
204	0.0459
205	0.0510
206	0.0551
207	0.0595
208	0.0643
209	0.0694
210	0.0750
211	0.0786
212	0.0824
213	0.0864
214	0.0906
215	0.0950
216	0.0995
217	0.1043
218	0.1093
219	0.1145
220	0.1200
221	0.1257
222	0.1316
223	0.1378
224	0.1444
225	0.1500
226	0.1583
227	0.1658
228	0.1737
229	0.1819
230	0.1900
231	0.1995
232	0.2089
233	0.2188
234	0.2292
235	0.2400
236	0.2510
237	0.2624
238	0.2744
239	0.2869
240	0.3000
241	0.3111
242	0.3227
243	0.3347
244	0.3471
245	0.3600
246	0.3730
247	0.3865
248	0.4005
249	0.4150
250	0.4300
251	0.4465
252	0.4637
253	0.4815
254	0.5000
255	0.5200
256	0.5437
257	0.5685
258	0.5945
259	0.6216
260	0.6500
261	0.6792
262	0.7098
263	0.7417
264	0.7751
265	0.8100
266	0.8449
267	0.8812
268	0.9192
269	0.9587
270	1.0000
271	0.9919
272	0.9838
273	0.9758
274	0.9679
275	0.9600
276	0.9434
277	0.9272
278	0.9112
279	0.8954
280	0.8800
281	0.8568
282	0.8342
283	0.8122
284	0.7908
285	0.7700
286	0.7420
287	0.7151
288	0.6891
289	0.6641
290	0.6400
291	0.6186
292	0.5980
293	0.5780
294	0.5587
295	0.5400
296	0.4984
297	0.4600
298	0.3989
299	0.3459
300	0.3000
301	0.2210
302	0.1629
303	0.1200
304	0.0849
305	0.0600
306	0.0454
307	0.0344
308	0.0260
309	0.0197
310	0.0150
311	0.0111
312	0.0081
313	0.0060
314	0.0042
315	0.0030
316	0.0024
317	0.0020
318	0.0016
319	0.0012
320	0.0010
321	0,000819
322	0.000670
323	0,000540
324	0.000520
325	0,000500
326	0.000479
327	0.000459
328	0,000440
329	0,000425
330	0.000410
331	0.000396
332	0.000383
333	0.000370
334	0.000355
335	0.000340
336	0.000327
337	0.000315
338	0.000303
339	0.000291
340	0.000280
341	0.000271
342	0.000263
343	0.000255
344	0.000248
345	0.000240
346	0.000231
347	0.000223
348	0.000215
349	0.000207
350	0.000200
351	0.000191
352	0.000183
353	0.000175
354	0.000167
355	0.000160
356	0.000153
357	0.000147
358	0.000141
359	0.000136
360	0.000130
361	0.000126
362	0.000122
363	0.000118
364	0.000114
365	0.000110
366	0.000106
367	0.000103
368	0.000099
369	0.000096
370	0.000093
371	0.000090
372	0.000086
373	0.000083
374	0.000080
375	0.000077
376	0.000074
377	0.000072
378	0.000069
379	0.000066
380	0.000064
381	0.000062
382	0.000059
383	0.000057
384	0.000055
385	0.000053
386	0.000051
387	0.000049
388	0.000047
389	0.000046
390	0.000044
391	0.000042
392	0.000041
393	0.000039
394	0.000037
395	0.000036
396	0.000035
397	0.000033
398	0.000032
399	0.000031
400	0.000030

Table 3: The spectral distribution of photochemical damage to the B volleyball (λ) and the spectral distribution of the thermal performance of the retinal damage R (λ)

λ [ nm]	B (λ)	R (λ)
300 ≤ λ < 380	0.01	-
380	0.01	0.1
385	0.013	0.13
390	0.025	0.25
395	0.05	0.5
400	0.1	1
405	0.2	2
410	0.4	4
415	0.8	8
420	0.9	9
425	0.95	9.5
430	0.98	9.8
435	1	10
440	1	10
445	0.97	9.7
450	0.94	9.4
455	0.9	9
460	0.8	8
465	0.7	7
470	0.62	6.2
475	0.55	5.5
480	0.45	4.5
485	0.32	3.2
490	0.22	2.2
495	0.16	1.6
500	0.1	1
500 < λ ≤ 600	10 0.02 ⋅ (450-λ)	1
600 < λ ≤ 700	0.001	1
700 < λ ≤ 1050	-	10 0.002 ⋅ (700-λ)
1050 < λ ≤ 1150	-	0.2
1150 < λ ≤ 1200	-	0,2 ⋅ 10 0.02 ⋅ (1150-λ)
1200 < λ ≤ 1400	-	0.02

2. Laser Radiation

2.1. The effects of laser radiation on the human body shall be considered in relation to the skin and the eye, and shall be dependent primarily on:

(a) radiation levels,

b) the wavelength of radiation,

(c) the time of exposure or the duration of the pulse,

(d) the image size of the radiation source on the retina of the eye for λ=400-1400 [ nm].

2.2. The risks to the eye and skin associated with exposure to laser radiation are presented in Table 4.

Table 4: Types of ocular and skin hazards associated with exposure to laser radiation

Wavelength [ nm]	Scope	Organ	Hazard Type
180-400	UV	Eye	photochemical or thermal damage to the cornea, conjuncticle or lens
		skin	erythema, photochemical or thermal damage
400-600	VIS	Eye	Photochemical damage to the retina
400-700	VIS	Eye	Retinal thermal damage
		skin	thermal or photochemical damage
700-1400	IRA	Eye	Retinal thermal damage
		skin	thermal damage
1400-2600	IRB	Eye	Corneal thermal damage and lenses
2600-10 6	IRB, IRC	Eye	Corneal thermal damage
1,400-10 6	IRB, IRC	skin	thermal damage

2.3. The level of laser radiation, depending on the extent of the radiation, the type of hazard and the mode of operation of the laser, shall be determined by specifying the intensity of the irradiance E or the H-radius, which shall be calculated on the basis of the following formulae:

where:

dP power expressed in watts [ W];

dA space expressed in square metres [ m ² ];

E (t), E Irradiance also known as power density: Radiant (energetic) stream falling on the elementary surface, expressed in watts per square metre [ W-m ^-2 ]; values E (t), E come from measurements or may be provided by the manufacturer of the equipment;

H Prominence: the integral of the irradiance or the power density calculated for a given exposure time, expressed in julls per square metre [ J-m ^-2 ];

t, dt time, exposure duration expressed in seconds [ s].

2.4. The exposure level to laser radiation (direct or reflective) shall be determined taking into account:

(a) the level of radiation determined or assessed in accordance with the provisions of § 3 (1) 1 or paragraph 2 point 1 of the Regulation,

(b) qualting obtained through the application of collective protection measures,

(c) the duration of the exposure, as determined in accordance with point 2.5,

(d) all activities relating to the operation of the source of laser radiation in the workplace, in the areas of operation, maintenance, repair, assembly and control-measuring.

2.5. Depending on the hazard and laser mode of analysis, the duration of the exposure shall be the duration of the pulse, the one-time exposure time (thermal hazard), or the total exposure time (photochemical hazard).

2.6. The designated exposure levels shall be compared with the appropriate MDE values for laser radiation, determined in accordance with the provisions on the maximum concentration limits and the intensities of health-harmful factors in the workplace. if more than one MDE value exists for a given wavelength of laser radiation, a more restrictive value shall be used for the comparison.