Key Benefits:
Decision of 16 July 2001 laying down the radiation protection decision
We Beatrix, at the grace of God, Queen of the Netherlands, Princess of Orange-Nassau, etc. etc. etc.
On the proposal of the Secretary of State for Social Affairs and Employment, J. F. Hoogervorst of 20 December 2000, Executive Board of Working Conditions, No. Arbo/Amil/00/84346, made on behalf of our Minister for Housing, Regional Planning and the Environment, and our Minister for Health, Welfare and Sport, in agreement with our Minister for Economic Affairs;
Having regard to the Articles, 28 , 29, 1st Member , 30 , 31 , 32, 1st and 4th Member , 34 , 35 , 37, 1st Member , 37a , 38a , 67 , 69, fourth and fifth members , 69a , 69b , 73 and 76 of the Nuclear Energy Act , Article 16 of the Working Conditions Act 1998 , Article 37, 2nd paragraph, of the Act on appeals in individual health care as well as Directive No Directive 96 /29/Euratom of the Council of the European Union of 13 May 1996 laying down the basic standards for the protection of the health of the general public and workers against the dangers of ionizing radiation (PbEG L 159) and Directive No 162/29/Euratom of 13 May 1996 on the protection of the health of workers and workers against the dangers of ionizing radiation ( Proposal for a Council Regulation (EC) amending Regulation (EEC) No 974/97 of 30 June 1997 on the protection of persons from the risks of ionizing radiation in connection with medical exposure and repealing Directive 84 /466/Euratom (PbEG L 180),
The Council of State heard (opinion delivered on 27 March 2001, no. W12.01.0024/IV);
Having regard to the further report of the Secretary of State for Social Affairs and Employment, J. F. Hoogervorst of 2 July 2001, Executive Board of Working Conditions, No Arbo/Amil/01/41134, made on behalf of Our Minister for Housing, Regional Planning and the Environment, and Our Minister of Health, Welfare and Sport, in agreement with our Minister for Economic Affairs;
Have found good and understand:
1 In this Decision and the provisions based thereon, the following definitions shall apply:
Pointing instrument: instrument for measurement of time or location, or for measuring, determining or indicating other quantities, intended for use on or in the immediate vicinity of persons;
activity: activity as referred to in the Annex ;
activity concentration: activity concentration as specified in the Annex ;
discarded high-active source : high-active source, which is no longer used, or intended to be used for the act for which authorisation has been granted;
General coordination expert: a radiation protection expert who, on behalf of the economic operator, ensures that operations or activities take place within the framework of the rules of or under the law, which monitors and controls them, other matters relating to the exercise of have co-ordinated radiological protection and, on behalf of the economic operator, provides internal authorisation for operations and activities;
Arboate: a service as specified in the Labor condition law ;
A-worker: the exposed worker, referred to in Article 79, second paragraph ;
management of radioactive waste: all activities related to handling, pre-treatment, treatment, conditioning, storage or final disposal of radioactive waste, with the exception of the transport outside the premises of the establishment;
management system: system containing data and documents relating to radiation protection within the undertaking;
Contamination: the presence of radioactive substances in a material, in or on a surface, in an environment, or external to or internally in a person;
Security Expert: Competent in the field of safekeeping and security of fissile materials, ores, establishments as intended Article 15 (a) and (b) of the Act , as well as radioactive substances, as intended to be indicated in the case of a minsterial scheme;
Exposed worker: worker who, during his/her working time as a result of operations, is undergoing exposure that may lead to a dose greater than one of the other Article 76 dose limits specified;
Exposure: they are exposed to ionising radiation;
source: Apparatus or radioactive material;
source container : containment of a source which is not an integrated part of that source, but intended solely for the temporary housing of that source for transport, handling and the like;
Source holder : enclosure of an encapsulated source, which is provided on site of the source-holder's exit window, with a device enabling the emitting beam to be interrupted and from which the source cannot be used without the use of the tool removed;
B-employee: Person exposed to a worker other than an "A-employee";
Annex: Attached to this Decision Annex ;
coordinating expert: radiation protection expert who, on behalf of the economic operator, ensures that operations or activities take place within the framework of the rules at or under the rules of Law , who monitors and supervises them and coordinates other matters relating to radiation protection;
Expert: a person who has obtained a diploma, certificate, or other certificate in the field of radiation protection from an institution as referred to in Article 3 (2). Article 7f ;
dose limitation: dose value that is defined as a ceiling value for the process of optimisation of the protection against ionizing radiation in an act, task or profession or any category thereof when planning operations;
effective dose: effective dose as specified in the Annex ;
effective follow-up dose: effective tracking dose as specified in the Annex ;
final disposal: the placing of radioactive waste or spent nuclear fuel in an establishment without the purpose of reprocessing such waste or fissile materials;
equivalent dose: equivalent dose as intended in the Annex ;
external employee: A-worker who, under the responsibility of an economic operator established in another Member State of the European Union or of a third country, operates in a zone as defined in the Netherlands Article 83, first paragraph, point (a), (1) ;
Health damage: the estimated risk of a shorter lifespan and reduced quality of life for a person due to the adverse effects of physical abnormalities, cancer, and serious genetic effects due to exposure to ionising radiation;
act: preparing, holding, applying or dispoting of an artificial source or source, to the extent that this natural source is or is being prepared for its radioactive properties or have been used or provided for of a device, except in the case of an intervention, accident or radiological emergency;
High-active source: Encapsulated source containing a radionuclide whose activity exceeds a value equal to or greater than the one for that source Article 3, first paragraph , applicable activity level;
Industrial radiography: Producing by ionizing radiation from a device or apparatus via a radiation detector from a visually observable image by converting the emitted signal to a video signal, which is displayed by a monitor than a method, where the projection of the object to be examined is recorded on film material;
encapsulated source: Radioactive materials embedded in or attached to solid carrier material or surrounded by a housing of material, provided that either the carrier material or the housing has sufficient resistance to it under normal conditions. conditions of use to prevent any spread of radioactive substances;
Inspector: as such, by decision of our Minister of Economic Affairs, Agriculture and Innovation designated;
Artificial source: source, not being a natural source and not a device;
vendor : natural or legal person supplying or making a high-active source;
Member of the population: a person from the population inside or outside a location, other than an employee during his working time or a person undergoing radiological activity;
location: establishment as designated under Article 1.1, third paragraph, of the Environmental Management Act the place where an act or activity is carried out;
Discharge: discharge on or into the soil, in the air, in the public sewer or in the surface water;
Discharge on or into the soil: the placing of liquid, liquid or liquid dissolved radioactive substances in a liquid stream containing particles of radioactive substances or placing them on the soil of these substances if they are permanently on or to the bottom of the ground, if in this case, liquid is part of the soil, other than fertiliser, as intended in Article 1, first paragraph, of the Fertilisers Law ;
Discharge into public sewer: the escape or release into the public sewer of liquid or liquid dissolved radioactive substances or particles of radioactive material carried into a liquid stream;
Discharge into air: the escape of or release into the air from gaseous radioactive substances or from particles of radioactive material carried by a gas stream;
Discharge into surface water: the escape or release into the surface water from liquid or liquid dissolved radioactive substances or from particles of radioactive material carried in a liquid stream;
Measuring, rule, or calibration source: source used exclusively in a measurement, rule or calibration point, whether fixed or non-fixed;
reporting radiation incidents: Point Point referred to in Article 12a ;
Mining: acts or activities in the framework of the conduct of exploratory research, detection or extraction of minerals, or geothermal, or storage of substances;
Natural source: Cosmic or natural origin, other than an apparatus,
Ambient dose equivalent: Ambient dose equivalent as intended in the Annex ;
Ambient-dose equivalent rate: Ambient-dose equivalent rate as specified in the Annex ;
entrepreneur: the person under whose responsibility an act or activity is carried out;
Unintended distribution: unintended distribution of a radioactive substance as a result of an act or activity carried out under the responsibility of an economic operator and which is no longer under the control of the economic operator concerned;
Our Minister: Our Minister for Economic Affairs;
Our Ministers: Our Ministers for Economic Affairs and Social Affairs and Employment;
Open source: source, not being a sealed source and not a device;
Surface contamination: surface contamination as specified in the Annex ;
overirradiation: Exposure, where the exposure Articles 76 , 77 and 78 The effective dose or equivalent dose specified is exceeded;
Excessive exposure: exposure that occurs at an unforeseeable or unintended event, which may result in an exposure higher than that specified in the risk analysis;
Potential exposure: exposure which will not occur with certainty but which can be estimated in advance and the likelihood of occurrence and the size of the exposure, if any, that may be occurring prior to the commencement of operations and operations is determined on the basis of a risk analysis;
radioactive waste: Radioactive substance under Article 38 is to be regarded as such and which is not discharged;
radiological operation: Medical treatment using ionising radiation as intended Article 53, first paragraph ;
Radiotoxicityequivalent: the activity leading to an effective follow-up dose of 1 sievert for an adult reference person;
Regular exposure: exposure under normal operating conditions, estimated before the start of operations or work by means of a risk analysis;
Directive 2011 /77/Euratom: Council Directive 2011 /70/Euratom of 19 July 2011 establishing a Community framework for the responsible and safe management of spent fuel and radioactive waste (Pb EU 2011, L 199);
risk analysis: Risk assessment and evaluation as intended in Article 5, first paragraph, of the Working Conditions Act ;
Injury: adverse effects of ionizing radiation on humans, animals, plants and goods;
radiation doctor: a person, who is registered as a radiation physician in the register, intended in Article 7, first paragraph ;
Radiation incident: unexpected event, situation or non-proliferation where there is a risk, or a hazard, other than a regular or potential exposure, for:
-an exposure to ionizing radiation of members of the population of more than 0,1 mSv per year,
-a discharge on or into the bottom, into the sewer, in surface water or in the air above a value determined by Our Minister, or
-excessive exposure or over-irradiation of workers,
supervisory expert: an expert who carries out an act or activity, or under whose supervision an act or activity is carried out;
Employee: person who, either employed or under the authority of an economic operator, or as a self-employed person, is engaged in employment;
efficacy: preparing, holding, applying or dispoting of a natural source in so far as it is not or has not been processed because of its radioactive properties, except in the case of an intervention, accident or radiological emergency;
Law: Nuclear energy law .
2 In this Decision and the provisions held thereon, the term 'holding' includes: the manufacture, processing, handling and storage, with the exception of storage in connection with transport.
3 With regard to this Decision and the provisions based thereon, the definition of what is 'reasonably possible' is the economic and social factors taken into account. In addition, where exposure is taken into account, the extent to which exposure and the likelihood of occurrence of that exposure may be reduced shall be taken into account.
This Decision shall not apply to:
a. discharge or discard of radioactive substances for which the substances in question are Articles 35 , 37 and 108 does not apply to prohibitions;
b. The transport of radioactive substances outside a location and bringing or bringing about the transport of radioactive materials inside or outside the Netherlands;
(c) carrying of appliances which are not used during transport;
d. Operations having a maximum high voltage apparatus of 5 kV;
e. exposure to radon and daughter nuclides from undisturbed earth's crust or from building materials used in buildings;
f. above-ground exposure to radionuclides located in the undisturbed earth's crust or in building materials used in buildings;
g. ionizing radiation due to radionuclides naturally present in the human body;
h. cosmic rays at the height of the earth's surface;
cosmic radiation in an aeroplane for members of the population and for workers, not belonging to the aeroplane crew;
j. exposure to radon and infant nuclides arising when natural gas is burned or regenerated.
1 The rules of our Minister are subject to rules:
a. for the determination of the ambient dose equivalents;
b. for the determination of the equivalent and the effective doses;
c. relating to the values of activity concentrations and total activity for radionuclides;
d. concerning the designation of radionuclides exempted from the control of natural sources from sommation;
e. for the determination of the activity level of radionuclides.
2 By arrangement of Our Minister:
a. methods shall be used for the assessment of the doses referred to in point (b) of the first paragraph in the light of the doses specified in this Decision;
b. The rules shall be laid down for the measurement methods of activities, concentrations of activity or surface contamination.
3 For the purpose of determining doses, all effective or equivalent doses which a person receives as a result of operations and activities, as regulated by or under this Decision, other than a radiological order, shall be used. operation, at or under the control of Decision nuclear installations, fissile materials and ores and at or under the Decision transport fissile materials, ores and radioactive materials .
4 For the purposes of checking the values established under paragraph 1 (c), all activities which are at any time within a location, or are discharged, weighed and somiffed to the extent that they are regulated by or under this decision, at or under the Decision nuclear installations, fissile materials and ores and at or under the Decision transport fissile materials, ores and radioactive materials .
5 By way of derogation from the fourth paragraph, activities or activity concentrations in natural sources shall not be sommed with activities or activity concentrations in artificial sources.
1 An act is only allowed if it is justified by our Minister, or belongs to a category of actions that is justified by our Minister. Our Minister justifies an act or a category of actions only if the economic, social and other benefits of the act or category of acts in question outwell the health damage that can be caused by this inflicted.
2 Under the rules of our Minister, rules shall be laid down concerning the publication of:
(a) the acts or categories thereof which are justified in accordance with the first paragraph; and
(b) the acts or categories thereof which are not justified under the first paragraph.
3 Where new, important information on the effectiveness or effects of the acts therein gives rise to this, the justification of the act may be reviewed. A change as referred to in the preceding sentence shall be effective as soon as reasonably practicable.
4 When an application is made or a notification is made for an act which has been disclosed as justified, the notification or application for authorisation shall refer to that publication.
5 If an application is made or a notification is made for an act which has not been published or has been published as unjustifiable, the licence application shall also include the notification of a request for justification of such an action. act. The application for authorisation or notification shall also contain the information relating to the economic, social and other benefits of the act in question and to the damage to the health which may be caused by it, which is necessary to an assessment of the validity of the act.
6 This article does not apply to the justification, intended in the Articles 55 , 56 and 57 .
7 In addition to the acts or categories of acts which are justified under paragraph 1, our Minister of Defence may, in view of the importance of the force of military force, justify another act or category of action. This act or category of acts is published by our Minister of Defence on a procedure laid down by the Minister for the Ministry of Defence.
8 With application of Article 28, first paragraph, final phrase, of the Services Act is Section 4.1.3.3 of the General Law on administrative law shall not apply to the request for justification referred to in the first and seventh paragraphs.
1 The entrepreneur ensures that the effective or equivalent doses of individual persons, in conjunction with the number of exposed persons, are as low as reasonably achievable as a result of an act.
2 The entrepreneur ensures that with respect to potential exposures both the dose at an exposure and the probability of an exposure is as low as reasonably possible.
1 Without prejudice Article 48 , the operator shall ensure that places within a site where operations are carried out are arranged so that, as a result of the operations, a dose limitation of 1 mSv effective dose in the event of the conduct of the operations is carried out. a calendar year.
2 The entrepreneur makes sure that when performing acts that are in accordance with Article 21 shall be reported, for persons at any point outside the site as a result of those operations, a dose limitation of 10 µ Sv effective dose is used in a calendar year.
3 If it is not reasonably possible to comply with the obligation provided for in paragraph 1, construction facilities shall be obtained by means of organisational measures.
4 By arrangement of Our Minister or Our Minister of Social Affairs and Employment, other dose restrictions may be set for indicating categories of actions, tasks, or functions.
1 The tasks to be performed by a radiation doctor pursuant to this Decision are carried out only by a person who is registered by Our Minister as a radiation doctor in a register held by Our Minister and who carries out his duties in compliance with a person as intended in Article 14, first paragraph, of the Working Conditions Act which is responsible for the tasks referred to in Article 14, first paragraph, parts b or c, of that law or the arbog.
2 By arrangement of Our Minister of Social Affairs and Employment, requirements shall be laid down regarding the knowledge, skills and competence to be met to be discharged as a radiation doctor in the register referred to in the first member. are entered.
3 An entry in a register as referred to in paragraph 1 may be refused or removed if it is not or is not fully satisfied with the case of Law or require this decision.
4 By arrangement of Our Minister of Social Affairs and Employment, rules are set for:
a. the procedure for the invitation to tender;
(b) the particulars and documents submitted in response to an application for registration;
c. the grounds on which and the cases in which the registration may be refused or passed.
5 With application of Article 28, first paragraph, final phrase, of the Services Act is Section 4.1.3.3 of the General Law on administrative law not applicable to the application for registration as referred to in the first paragraph.
Our Minister writes upon request a person who is a national of an involved state as intended Article 1 of the General Law on Recognition of Professional Qualifications in the register provided for in Article 7, first paragraph , if on the basis of Article 6 of the General Law on Recognition of Professional Qualifications has been shown to possess qualifications equivalent to the qualifications required by virtue of the provisions of Article 7, second paragraph, to be entered in the Register as a radiation doctor. Article 7, fifth paragraph, shall apply mutatis mutandis to the application for registration as referred to in the first sentence.
1 The tasks to be performed by a general coordinating expert or by a coordinating expert under this Decision shall only be carried out by a person who is registered as such an expert for the performance of the task in question in a person who is responsible for the performance of the duties of the person concerned. by a register to be indicated by Our Ministers and Our Minister of Health, Welfare and Sport as intended in Article 69, second paragraph, of the Act .
2 By arrangement of Our Ministers, requirements shall be laid down regarding the knowledge, skills and competences to be met for the purpose of establishing, as a general coordinating expert or coordinating expert in the register, as referred to in the first member, to be registered. The requirements may be determined differently for the different tasks.
3 With application of Article 28, first paragraph, final phrase, of the Services Act is Section 4.1.3.3 of the General Law on administrative law not applicable to the application for registration as referred to in the first paragraph.
The tasks to be performed by a supervisory expert under this Decision shall be carried out only by a person with a diploma, certificate or other certificate to conclude an education in the field of radiation protection obtained from:
a. A institution approved by Our Minister as referred to in Article 7f, first paragraph ; or
(b) an institution or training approved or designated by another Member State of the European Union or by other State which is a party to the Agreement on the European Economic Area or Switzerland.
Our Ministers write upon request a person who is a national of an involved state as intended Article 1 of the General Law on Recognition of Professional Qualifications in the register provided for in Article 7b, first paragraph , if on the basis of Article 6 of the General Law on Recognition of Professional Qualifications has been shown to possess qualifications equivalent to the qualifications required by virtue of the provisions of Article 7b, second paragraph, to be registered as an expert in the Register. Article 7b, third paragraph, shall apply mutatis mutandis to the application for registration as referred to in the first sentence.
1 Our Minister shall keep the register referred to in Article 7b, first paragraph , in which a general coordinating expert or coordinating expert is registered.
2 An entry in the register referred to in paragraph 1 may be refused or removed if it is not or is not fully satisfied with the requirements of the Act or by or pursuant to this Decision.
3 By arrangement of Our Ministers and Our Minister of Health, Welfare and Sport, rules may be put in place for:
a. the procedure for the invitation to tender;
(b) the particulars and documents submitted in response to an application for registration;
(c) the fee not exceeding the maximum amount for the tender;
d. the grounds on which and the cases in which the tender may be refused or passed on;
e. the manner in which Our Ministers and Our Minister of Health, Welfare and Sports can be advised by a designated institution as intended in Article 69a, first paragraph, of the Act on the registration of experts in the register.
1 Our Minister recognises institutions in which individuals can obtain a diploma, certificate or other certificate of qualification for the purpose of training in the field of radiation protection.
2 By arrangement of Our Ministers and Our Minister of Health, Welfare and Sport, rules may be laid down concerning:
a. Requirements for the application for recognition;
b. requirements for the quality of the training;
c. requirements for the examination, checking and the setting of final terms;
d. demands for appeals and complaints;
e. the manner in which our Ministers and Our Minister of Health, Welfare and Sport can advise themselves on the granting of a recognition.
3 The recognition, referred to in paragraph 1, shall be published in the Official Journal.
1 The task of a dosimetric service is to provide personal control funds to the entrepreneur for the benefit of A or B employees and, by reading these controls, determine to what extent the A or B employees are employed. have been exposed to ionising radiation. This task is carried out only by a service recognized as such by our Minister. With application of Article 28, first paragraph, final phrase, of the Services Act is Section 4.1.3.3 of the General Law on administrative law does not apply to the application for recognition as referred to in the second sentence.
2 By arrangement of Our Minister of Social Affairs and Employment, requirements are laid down regarding the quality of service, operation and expertise of the service, to which must be met to be complied with under the first paragraph It may be recognised.
1 The economic operator shall ensure that an action is carried out by, or under the supervision of, a supervisory expert.
2 The economic operator shall ensure that a supervisory expert working in his undertaking enjoys adequate training in the field of radiation protection.
3 In the case of a settlement of our Ministers, a certain level of expertise and further training may be required for certain actions.
4 The provisions of this Decision relating to the expertise shall apply to acts which are obliged or subject to authorisation in accordance with this Decision.
5 The economic operator shall record the allocation of powers and responsibilities in respect of protection against ionising radiation in writing.
1 The economic operator shall ensure that, for the purpose of protecting against ionising radiation, a coordinating expert shall, at least:
(a) the plans for operations prior to their implementation are critically examined, the risks have been identified and evaluated and authorised before the act is caught;
b. be advised of the content of the acceptance test referred to in paragraph 2 and the security means and techniques to ensure effective protection of persons;
c. to be monitored regularly, but at least once a year, to verify the effectiveness and correct use of the security resources and techniques;
d. regular, but at least once a year, the proper functioning and the correct use of sources and instruments for measurement of ionizing radiation;
e. these instruments are regularly calibrated.
2 The trader shall ensure that a new or changed source is not in use than after an acceptance test performed by a supervisory or coordinating expert, followed by his/her permission to deploy the source.
3 In so far as it concerns the protection of the exposed worker, the worker or the environment, the findings of the coordinating expert shall be laid down in the context of a risk analysis.
4 The entrepreneur ensures that the findings regarding the tasks, mentioned in the first and third paragraphs, are recorded in an administration system.
5 The rules of our Ministers may lay down detailed rules on the form and content of a risk analysis.
1 The entrepreneur, after consulting with a coordinating or supervisory expert, establishes measures to counter damage and ensures that they are carried out.
2 The entrepreneur shall ensure that the assets, security resources and measuring instruments are:
a. the necessary maintenance is carried out;
(b) the necessary measures shall be taken to improve or replace inadequate or defective parts thereof; and
c. When necessary, the decommissioning of sources shall be carried out.
3 The entrepreneur shall ensure that the integrity of high-active sources is checked by or under the supervision of a coordinating or supervisory expert:
a. at least once a year, and
b. After each event where the source or source holder may be damaged.
4 The rules of our Minister may be subject to rules on the control of the integrity of high-active sources.
5 The entrepreneur shall ensure that a high-active source and its accessories are provided for that, by, or under the supervision of, a coordinating or supervisory expert:
a. Cheers whether the source is present at the place where it is applied or is stored:
1 °. every three months, if the source is applied less than once every three months;
2 °. once a year, if the source is applied at once or more than once every three months;
b. is checked once a year, whether the source and the source holder are still in good condition.
6 An entrepreneur sends a discarded highly active source, unless otherwise agreed with Our Minister, immediately to:
a. the supplier of the source who is competent to receive the source;
b. a under Article 37, eighth paragraph , designated for this purpose for the reception of radioactive waste, or
c. any other entrepreneur competent to receive the source.
The economic operator shall make available to the general coordinating expert, the coordinating expert, the supervisory board or the competent authority, financial resources and facilities for adequate protection against ionizing radiation. radiation protection unit, intended in Article 12 , which is responsible for the implementation of that protection.
1 The regulation of Our Minister designates entrepreneurs, types of undertakings or locations in which a radiation protection unit, in which the general coordination expert is also active, is present and rules are laid down for the tasks, powers and operation of a radiation protection unit.
2 If a radiation protection unit has been prescribed under paragraph 1, the operator shall ensure that the radiation protection unit is operational and in any case:
a. to operate a general coordinating expert and sufficient support staff;
b. there shall be adequate radiation protection expertise in that;
(c) functional and organisational separation of production and separate technical units;
d. provides him with advice on the protection against ionizing radiation;
e. gives the general coordinating expert permission for an act.
3 Our Minister may allow a radiation protection unit referred to in paragraph 1 to carry out tasks for several economic operators. With application of Article 28, first paragraph, final phrase, of the Services Act is Section 4.1.3.3 of the General Law on administrative law does not apply to the application for a decision as referred to in the first sentence.
1 There is a reporting point radiation incidents for reporting radiation incidents, accidents and radiological emergencies.
2 The point of milk is managed by a body designated by Our Minister.
1 The entrepreneur shall ensure that a radiation incident, accident or radiological emergency is immediately reported to:
1 °. The radiation incident reporting point; and
2 °. the radiation doctor concerned if overirradiation or contamination of an A-worker has taken place.
2 The economic operator shall ensure that an operation where it is foreseeable that persons may not be exposed to excessive external exposure or excessive internal contamination shall be carried out only after a coordination or Supervisory expert has been consulted.
3 If, in the opinion of a coordinating or supervisory expert, the exposure referred to in the second paragraph arises or is likely to occur, the economic operator shall ensure that immediately:
a. the act is to be discontinued,
b. The dangerous places are cleared; and
c. This situation shall be reported with:
1 °. the radiation doctor concerned, where excessive external radiation or excessive internal contamination of an employee has taken place; and
2 °. The reporting point radiation incidents.
4 The reporting of radiation incidents shall inform the bodies designated by the regulation of our Minister as soon as possible of the notifications provided for in paragraphs 1 and 3.
5 The economic operator shall terminate the measures referred to in point (a) or (b) of the third paragraph only after agreement with the coordinating expert or the supervisory expert and not earlier than one week after notification is made in accordance with the third paragraph. provided that, unless the authority notified under that paragraph or the fourth member of the notification is notified, it shall, within that period, provide for a different period of time for termination of the measures.
1 The entrepreneur ensures that as much as reasonably possible is prevented from becoming a source of search, deoddly or unintentionally disseminated and, if such a situation arises, he takes all necessary measures to prevent the source from becoming a source again under its control or control, and remove any contamination or prevent further exposure of persons.
2 The entrepreneur shall, in an action with a high-active source, lay down written instructions to prevent:
a. unauthorized access to the source,
b. Loss of or theft of the source; or
c. damaged by fire from the source.
3 The entrepreneur reports the following situations or measures immediately at the reporting point radiation incidents:
a. The search-cracking, the dismissing or the unwanted spread of a source;
b. An unauthorised act with a source;
(c) the measures taken following:
1 °. the swearingness, the evaition, or an unauthorised act with a source; or
2 °. each event where a source may have been damaged;
d. any radiation incident or accident involving a source that leads to unintentional exposure of an employee or a member of the population.
4 The entrepreneur ensures that sources are protected as much as reasonably possible from fire.
After the final termination of operations with an encapsulated source, the entrepreneur shall ensure that:
a. to inform our Minister of this as soon as possible; and
b. The sealed source, within two years of such termination, shall be decommitted by issuing to:
1 °. the person who produced or supplied the source,
2 °. a person entitled to use, product or material reuse of radioactive substances, or collect radioactive waste, to receive the substances, or
3 °. a Article 37, sixth or seventh paragraph , designated institution, or recognised drawdown service authorised under Article 37, eighth paragraph, which is entitled to receive the substances.
After the final termination of operations with an appliance, the operator shall ensure that:
a. to inform our Minister of this as soon as possible; and
b. In two years after the termination of that appliance, he shall be decommitted by issuing to:
1 °. the person who manufactured or supplied the appliance, or
2 °. a person entitled to receive the appliance for use, product or material reuse, or
c. within two years of such termination, the appliance shall be shuned.
1 The economic operator shall ensure that the person who carries out an action and the person in charge or supervision of it, with regard to the workplace:
a. sufficient instruction in respect of the risks associated with ionizing radiation;
b. has been informed of generally accepted methods of protection against ionizing radiation and the precautions to be taken both for the act in general, and for the task assigned to it and for each workplace where the act is taken is carried out;
c. has been informed of the importance of keeping technical, health and administrative regulations.
2 Where the act referred to in paragraph 1 relates to a high-active source, instruction shall also be given of:
a. The requirements for the safe management of high-active sources;
b. the necessary safety rules;
c. the possible consequences of the removal of appropriate controls on high-active sources.
3 The subjects referred to in paragraph 2 shall be described. This documentation shall be made available to the person who carries out an act with a high-active source and to the person in charge or who supervises it.
4 The teaching of subjects as referred to in paragraph 2 shall be repeated at least every two years.
5 The Entrepreneur establishes written instructions regarding the subjects referred to in paragraph 1, and provides these instructions to persons as referred to in the first member and to others who may be exposed by the acts.
6 The economic operator shall ensure that the instructions referred to in paragraph 5 have been drawn up in the language of the Netherlands or in a language which is understandable to the worker concerned. Pictures or symbols shall be used instead of written instructions if necessary.
The economic operator shall ensure that women who are liable to be exposed to ionising radiation as a result of an action before the start of the conduct of acts are informed of:
a. The need to report a pregnancy at an early stage;
b. the risks related to exposure to ionising radiation to the unborn child due to external exposure or contamination;
c. the risks that a child breast-feeding may be exposed to when the mother is infected.
The economic operator shall ensure that the employees cooperate with the teaching organised for them and comply with the instructions which are provided to them under this Decision.
1 The entrepreneur makes sure that the rules laid down by our Minister are met with respect to equipment.
2. For this purpose, rules shall in any case include rules on:
a. Testing of an appliance for its deployment;
b. The shielding of an apparatus against ionizing radiation;
c. The arrangement of a device and its auxiliary and security resources;
d. The method of operation of an apparatus;
(e) measures to prevent the use of an apparatus by unauthorised persons;
f. the control of the operation of a device;
h. the ambient dose equivalent rate that a device may cause;
Requirements to which the person using the device must comply.
1 The entrepreneur ensures that in respect of encapsulated sources, the rules laid down by our Minister are met.
2. For this purpose, rules shall in any case include rules on:
a. Entry from the source at the site;
b. Requirements for the construction and packaging of the source;
c. Measures for the prevention of use of a source by unauthorised persons;
d. the control of the operation of a source;
e. the ambient dose equivalent rate that may cause a source;
f. The conduct of a leak or contamination test;
g. Requirements to which the person using the source must comply.
1 The entrepreneur makes sure that, in situations where as a result of actions the in Article 49 or 76 The doses may be exceeded, suitable for appropriate places and marked warning signs or signs and inscriptions on appropriate places.
2 The economic operator shall ensure that places and places where operations are carried out with open sources, the establishment or the objects in which they are used, are subject to regular checks, in accordance with procedures laid down by him in writing Infection.
3 The entrepreneur ensures that when open and encapsulated sources are not used, this, if reasonably possible, will be stowed in an appropriate mountain place.
4 By arrangement of Our Minister of Social Affairs and Employment, rules may be laid down regarding the model, inscriptions and minimum size of the warning signs or signs referred to in the first member, and where and on which It must be applied.
1 The manufacturer shall grade into, or vote in, at any source manufactured by it, a code composed as follows:
a. the designation: NL,
b. followed by a fixed code assigned to the manufacturer by Our Minister,
c. followed by a manufacturer to determine for the source distinctive code in Roman letters or Arabic numerals.
2 An application for the award of the code referred to in point (b) of paragraph 1 shall be made to Our Minister. The application shall contain the numbers of the Articles 15 (a) , or 29, first paragraph, of the Act permits granted to the applicant.
3 The first paragraph shall not apply if the dimension of the source for the act referred to in paragraph 1 is too small.
4 The manufacturer shall also grate the code referred to in paragraph 1 in the source holder of the relevant source or stamp that code on that source-holder.
5 The fourth paragraph shall not apply if the size of the source holder for the operation referred to in paragraph 1 is too small, or if the source holder is intended for re-use as the housing of a source. In the latter case, the manufacturer shall provide information on at least the nature of the high-active source at or from the source holder.
6 The manufacturer shall provide information on the source container as to the nature of the highly active source.
7 The manufacturer of a high-active source shall ensure that:
a. The source shall be accompanied by:
1 °. written information confirming that the source complies with the first member and at the Article 20 (4) , with respect to the source or the source holder,
2 °. Colour photographs of the design of the source and the corresponding source holder, and, where appropriate, of the design of the corresponding source container and its associated equipment;
(b) the information and photographs referred to in point (a) shall be provided to the person to whom that source is delivered;
c. the code referred to in paragraphs 1 and 4 and under Article 20 (4) , warning signs and inscriptions affixed to the source, source, source, or source container shall remain as good as possible.
1 The supplier engraves in or votes on the source holder of each high-active source to be supplied by him, a code composed as follows:
a. the designation: NL,
b. followed by a fixed code assigned to the supplier by Our Minister,
c. followed by a supplier to be determined by the supplier for the source distinguishing code in Roman letters or Arabic numerals.
2 The first paragraph shall not apply where:
a. on the source holder of a high-active source already the in Article 20a, first paragraph , such code, or any other unique code in Roman letters or Arabic numerals, is affixed;
b. the size of the source holder for the act referred to in the first paragraph is too small, whether the holder is intended for re-use as the housing of a source.
3 In the case referred to in point (b) of the second paragraph, Article 20a, fifth paragraph, second sentence , mutatis mutandis.
4 Article 20a, second, sixth and seventh members , shall apply mutatis mutandis.
Article 20b, first to third paragraphs , and Article 20a, second, sixth and seventh members, points (a) and (c) , shall apply mutatis mutandis to the economic operator who carries out an operation with a high-active source.
Our Minister may lay down rules on the security of the possession of radioactive substances, intended for operations for which they are Article 24 or Article 25 a permit is required.
1 The entrepreneur shall provide financial security to cover the costs of fulfilling the obligations applicable to him with regard to the safe disposal of a waste high-source resource in case of:
a. He goes out of business or otherwise ends his business;
(b) the person with whom an agreement has been concluded to take off the end-of-life sources no longer until that reduction is in a position to take off.
2 The financial security shall be made in one or more of the following ways:
a. bail or a bank guarantee;
(b) the conclusion of an insurance contract;
(c) taking part in a fund set up for that purpose which, in the opinion of Our Minister and of our Minister of Finance, provides sufficient assurance that the costs referred to in paragraph 1 are covered;
d. any other provision providing financial security, in the opinion of Our Ministers and of our Minister of Finance, sufficient to ensure that the costs referred to in paragraph 1 are covered.
3 A minimum sum for which the resource to be exported per unit of volume, the corresponding source holder and the fixed shield is provided for payment of the financial security shall be laid down by the Minister.
4 The financial security shall be lodged for the benefit of the State of the Netherlands.
The financial security shall be maintained until the moment at which the high-active source for which the financial security is lodged is by the economic operator:
a. Transferable to any other entrepreneur who has provided the required financial security with respect to that source;
b. is issued to a under Article 37, seventh paragraph , recognised retrieval service for radioactive waste, or
c. is issued to an under Article 37, eighth paragraph , designated institution for the reception of radioactive waste.
1 The entrepreneur provides before he acquires a high-active source, to our Minister:
a. Information on the volume of the source acquired, source holder and solid shielding from that source;
(b) evidence that the Article 20d, first paragraph , the financial security required has been lodged.
2 The first paragraph shall not apply where the particulars referred to therein are already subject to an application for authorization of an act as referred to in the Articles 24 , and 25, 1st Member Have been provided.
3 The conditions relating to the information to be provided may be laid down by the Minister of the European Parliament.
The holder of the authorisation shall set the costs which it shall charge for the operation of a plant in which fissile materials are stored as intended for: Article 15 (b) of the Act , which is based on Article 37, eighth paragraph It is a transparent, objective and non-discriminatory approach to which our Minister has been appointed. The costs also include the costs incurred by the permit holder for research and development for the management of radioactive waste, as specified in the national programme. Article 20h It's included.
1 Our Minister shall adopt a programme as referred to in Article 5 (1) (a) of Directive 2011 /70/Euratom for the management of radioactive waste.
2 The programme contains an elaboration of the following principles:
a. The limitation of the generation of radioactive waste to the practicable minimum, in terms of both activity and volume;
b. the interdependencies of all steps in the generation and management of radioactive waste;
c. the safe management of radioactive waste;
d. For long-term passive safety measures;
e. a graduated approach in the implementation of the measures;
f. the costs for the management of radioactive waste shall be borne by the person who has caused the waste to be generated;
g. an empirically substantiated and documented decision-making process at all stages of the management of radioactive waste.
3 The programme shall also contain:
a. the policy objective regarding the management of all types of radioactive waste;
b. the milestones necessary for the implementation of the program and the time path for achieving these milestones;
c. an inventory of all radioactive waste and estimates of future quantities;
d. concepts, plans and technical solutions for the management of radioactive waste, from generation to final disposal;
e. concepts or plans for the period after the closure of a final storage facility;
f. Research, development and demonstration activities necessary to apply solutions for the management of radioactive waste;
g. the responsibility for the implementation of the programme and the essential performance indicators for monitoring the progress of the implementation of the programme;
h. an assessment of the costs of the national programme and the underlying basis and hypotheses for this assessment, including a time profile;
Financing arrangements for the implementation of the programme;
(j) the policy on the provision of information relating to the management of radioactive waste to workers and the public;
An overview of agreements on the management of radioactive waste concluded with other Member States and third countries.
1 The entrepreneur who performs an act with a device or a radioactive substance shall report this at least three weeks before the start of this operation.
2 This obligation shall not apply if it concerns an act with:
a. An appliance or radioactive substance which is subject to a licence under this Decision;
b. An electron ray tube for visual display;
c. Any other apparatus, other than those specified in a or b with a maximum voltage not exceeding 30 kV, which, under normal operating conditions, does not have a higher ambient-dose equivalent rate of 0,1 metres away from any accessible external surface of the apparatus Causing 1 µ Sv per hour;
(d) a device other than those referred to in (a), (b) or (c), which, under normal operating conditions, does not exceed, within 0,1 metres of any accessible external surface, the ambient dose equivalent rate of not more than 1 µ Sv per hour, and the type approved by our Minister under the rules laid down by our Minister.
3 The obligation referred to in paragraph 1 shall not apply to transactions with sources where the application for authorisation of an operation is the same as that intended for the purposes of the Articles 23, first and second paragraphs , 24 , 25, 1st Member , 35, 1st Member , and 37, 1st Member It has already been reported in the annual report of the present licence of the transactions with those sources.
In the case of an apparatus or a radioactive substance, in the absence of any action that has been reported in accordance with Article 21 , the entrepreneur reports this as soon as possible after finishing the act.
1 It is forbidden without a permit from Our Minister to perform an act with:
a. A device for:
1 °. industrial radiography;
2 ° operation of products;
3 °. educational objectives;
4. exposure of persons and animals for therapeutic purposes;
b. A device other than those specified in (a) with a maximum high voltage of 100 kV or more;
c. A device that speeds up particles and can emit ionising radiation with an energy of more than 1 MeV.
2 It is also prohibited to carry out research and development work on a device without authorization from Our Minister.
3 The prohibition provided for in paragraph 1 shall not apply to:
a. Electron microscopes;
(b) have only been placed in storage of appliances for the purpose of trading on these devices;
c. A device used for educational purposes, which, under normal operating conditions, at 0,1 metre distance from any accessible external side of the apparatus does not cause any higher ambient dose equivalent rate than 1 µ Sv per hour, and that to a type approved by Our Minister on the basis of rules laid down by our Minister;
d. Operations with devices intended for use in the following applications:
1 °. animal health diagnosis only in so far as the veterinary applications are concerned with a fixed-focus film beam only with a vertically-directed beam only;
2 °. X-ray diffraction or spectrography applied in a closed security cabinet;
3 °. baggage check with a fixed arrangement, with the exception of a device which speeds up particulates and can emit ionising radiation with an energy of more than 1 MeV;
4 °. quality control of food products and other products.
It is forbidden without a permit from our Minister:
a. Radioactive substances to be administered to persons and, in so far as they are the protection of human beings against ionising radiation, to animals for:
1. the setting of medical or veterinary diagnoses;
2 °. therapy or (bio) medical examination;
b. To add radioactive substances to products intended for use on or in the immediate vicinity of persons;
c. To perform acts of radioactive substances for:
1 °. industrial radiography;
2 ° operation of products;
3 degrees. educational purposes and scientific research.
1 It is prohibited without a permit from Our Minister any other act other than in the Article 24 or 37 , not being a discharge, with a radioactive substance to perform.
2 The prohibition, referred to in the first paragraph and in Article 24 (c) , do not apply if within a location:
a. The activity of the radionuclides in the radioactive substance concerned is lower than the one Article 3, first paragraph, introductory wording and point (c) , value determined,
b. the activity concentration of that substance is lower than the amount of Article 3, first paragraph, introductory wording and point (c) , value determined therefor, or
c. an operation shall be carried out with:
1 °. A Nickel-63 source which is part of analysers with a maximum activity of 1 GBq; or
2 °. a measuring, rule, or calibration source in a fixed arrangement with an activity of the nuclide used less than 100 times the activity of the value determined pursuant to Article 3 thereof.
3 If a radioactive substance contains more types of radionuclides, the activity concentration of the radionuclides shall be weighed according to the method to be used by our Minister. The second paragraph, point (b), is satisfied if the outcome of this summation is less than or equal to 1.
4 If more operations are taken within a location, the activities of the radionuclides in the radioactive substances involved in those operations shall be weighted according to the rules of our Minister. method. The second paragraph, point (a), is satisfied if the outcome of this summation is less than or equal to 1.
5 By arrangement of Our Minister, acts with products as intended Article 24 (b) , radionuclides added to these products shall not be involved in any sum referred to in the third paragraph.
6 The prohibitions referred to in the first paragraph and in the Article 23 and 24 , do not apply to acts designated by our Minister who have the effect of limiting the risk of exposure of human beings.
7 By arrangement of Our Minister, other methods may be designated for determining and checking the damage in cases where the activity concentration referred to in paragraph 2 combined with the activity referred to in the second paragraph does not provide a correct indication of the damage that the radioactive substances involved in the operation may cause.
8 By way of derogation from the second paragraph, the first paragraph of application of the Minister may be declared in the case of an excessive risk of exposure of workers and members of the population.
1 The in Article 25, first paragraph , the prohibition laid down also does not apply to acts with a sealed source under which the Article 3, introductory wording and point c , value established for the activity and concentration of activity shall be exceeded if:
a. is the one of a type approved by Our Minister; and
b. In normal operating conditions, it may not exceed 1 µ Sv per hour in any 0,1 metre of any unreachable external surface equivalent.
2 The rules of our Minister may lay down rules relating to inspections referred to in paragraph 1 (a) and for storage and disposal of sealed sources as referred to in the first paragraph.
By way of derogation from the Article 24 (b) , and 25 It shall be prohibited:
a. For lighting purposes, add radionuclides to a pointing instrument;
b. To perform acts with the pointing instrument to which radionuclides have been added for lighting purposes.
The Article 24 (b) , and 27 The following shall not be prohibited if:
a. It is a pointing instrument;
b. Only H-3 in light cells or Pm-147 in luminous paint is added, respectively, for illuminating purposes;
c. The pointing instrument in total shall have a lower activity than 1 GBq H-3 or 10 MBq Pm-147;
d. The pointing instrument complies with the requirements for construction of the protection against ionizing radiation under the conditions laid down by our Minister;
e. the marking instrument has been affixed to the mark or warning signs designated by our Minister's arrangement;
f. restoration and maintenance work on the pointing instrument shall be carried out in accordance with the rules laid down by Our Minister; and
g. Not more than 500 pointing instruments in which, for lighting purposes, H-3 has been added in light cells or Pm-147 in luminous paint are available.
1 It is prohibited to have, for lighting purposes, radionuclides produced outside the Netherlands, for the purpose of putting them on the market within the Netherlands, if these instruments do not comply with the requirements of the to the at or under the Articles 27 and 28 set rules.
2 Our Minister of Defence can grant waiver from the in Article 24 (b) , and 25, 1st Member , and 27 prohibited if it concerns pointing instruments to which, for the purposes of lighting, radionuclides have been added and are in use or intended for military use and intended for use under operational control Circumstances.
3 The rules of our Minister may lay down detailed rules on res judiced instruments.
1 It is prohibited to dispose of radioactive substances without authorization of our Minister by means of discharge into the air, in public sewer or in surface water.
2 This prohibition shall not apply if:
a. when discharged into the air, the activity of the amount of radioactive substances discharged in total in a calendar year at the exit of the site via a discharge point is less than 1 radiotoxicity equivalent for inhalation as intended in the Annex ;
b. when discharged into public sewer, the activity of the total radioactive substance discharged into a calendar year upon leaving the site via a lobe point is less than 10 radiotoxicity equivalent for ingestion as intended in the public sewer system. Annex ;
c. when discharged into surface water, the activity of the total radioactive substances discharged into a calendar year upon leaving the site via a lobe point is less than 0,1 radiotoxicity equivalent for ingestion as intended in the Annex .
3 It is prohibited to discharge radioactive substances on or into the soil.
4 The prohibition provided for in paragraph 3 shall not apply to the discharge into the soil where the total amount of radioactive substances discharged into a calendar year at the exit of the discharge point is less than 10 -6 Radiotoxicity equivalent for ingestion as intended for use in the Annex .
5 The prohibition referred to in paragraph 3 shall not apply to the discharge of production water in the case of mining, where this is carried out by means of an injection into a similar soil formation and depth as from which the water originates and in such a way that the water is produced The water does not come in other water-feeding layers.
6 The quantities discharged, expressed in radiotoxicity equivalents, shall be corrected for physical decay using the correction factors as specified in the Annex. Annex .
1 The entrepreneur who performs an act ensures that, as much as reasonably possible is:
(a) the generation of radioactive waste is prevented or is being prevented or reduced;
b. post-use sources as such reused,
c. Re-used radioactive substances and materials from which a source exists, after their use; or
d. articles, substances and materials contaminated or activated with radioactive substances are processed in such a way that they can be re-used.
2 In the manufacture of sources, substances and materials which, after the use of the source, do not cause any adverse effects on the environment, or as least as possible, shall be used.
3 The entrepreneur ensures that an act is carried out as much as is possible in a manner that ensures protection against damage.
1 It is forbidden to dispose of radioactive substances for product or material reuse or radioactive waste without the authorization of Our Minister.
2 The prohibition shall not apply if:
a. The activity of the radionuclides in the radioactive substances concerned in a calendar year in total is below the value of those radioactive substances under Article 3, first paragraph, introductory wording and point (c) , has been established, or
b. The activity concentration of that substance is lower than the amount of the substance Article 3, first paragraph, introductory wording and point (c) , defined value.
3 Article 25, third, fourth, sixth and seventh members , shall apply mutatis mutandis.
4 The prohibition shall apply without prejudice to the provisions of Article 11, sixth paragraph , even if it concerns sealed sources, which are taken back by the person who produced or delivered the source.
5 The prohibition shall also not apply if it concerns a physical supply of radioactive substances by a single surrender to a third party, with a view to:
a. Product or material reuse of radioactive substances; or
b. Collection of radioactive waste.
6 The prohibition also does not apply to the issue to an institution designated by Our Ministers for the reception of radioactive substances which have been seized as referred to in Article 6 (2). Article 33, fourth paragraph, of the Act .
7 The ban also does not apply to the disposal of radioactive waste by issuing it to a radioactive waste collection service approved by Our Minister.
8 The ban also applies not to the institutions designated by Our Minister for the reception of radioactive waste.
9 The fourth and eighth paragraphs shall apply only if the economic operator has satisfied himself that the recipient is in possession of an authorisation for the act in question or otherwise is entitled to receive such substances.
10 With application of Article 28, first paragraph, final phrase, of the Services Act is Section 4.1.3.3 of the General Law on administrative law shall not apply to the application for a designation as referred to in the sixth and eighth paragraphs and the application for recognition as referred to in the seventh paragraph.
1 A radioactive substance may be considered as radioactive waste by Our Minister or the Entrepreneur if, for this substance, no use or product or material reuse has been provided by that Minister or by the Entrepreneur and there is no question of from discharge of the substance.
2 A waste substance shall not be considered as a radioactive waste, if Article 37, second paragraph , applicable.
3 Radioactive waste shall be disposed of as soon as reasonably practicable.
4 The obligation laid down in paragraph 3 shall not apply where the radioactive waste has a physical half-life of less than 100 days and is stored for a maximum of two years in an appropriate space for the purpose of physical decay, until such time as wastes referred to in Article 37, second paragraph .
5 It is prohibited to mix radioactive waste for the purpose of the activity concentration of the substances below the Article 3, first paragraph, introductory wording and point (a) , to bring values set for that.
No authorisation under this Chapter shall be granted if:
a. Not to the conditions of the Articles 4 , 5 , 6 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 48 , 76 , 77 and 78 justification, expertise, optimisation and dose limits are fulfilled;
b. One of the following doses is exceeded for a member of the population outside the site as a result of the action for which the licence was requested and due to other operations within and outside this location:
1 °. an effective dose of 1 mSv in a calendar year and in accordance with that procedure:
2 °. an equivalent dose of 50 mSv in a calendar year for the skin on average over any skin surface of 1 cm 2 ;
(c) the act for which the authorization has been applied for belongs to a category under the ministerial arrangement, as referred to in Article 4 (2). Article 4, second paragraph , if justified, but the specific nature of this act on the basis of Article 4, first paragraph , is not justified;
(d) has not been shown to be the Article 20d, first paragraph , the financial security required has been lodged.
Without prejudice to Articles 18a , 31, fourth member , and No. 34, seventh member, of the law a licence granted under this Chapter may be withdrawn in whole or in part if no action has been taken for two years using the authorisation.
1 The entrepreneur makes a notification as intended in the Articles 21 , 22 and 103 to Our Minister.
2 The rules of our Minister may lay down detailed rules on a notification referred to in the first paragraph.
1 The rules of our Minister may lay down detailed rules on the application of an authorisation for an act as referred to in the Articles 23, first and second paragraphs , 24 , 25, 1st Member , 35, 1st Member , and 37, 1st Member .
2 An application as referred to in paragraph 1 shall not apply to acts carried out within the site by the person holding a licence for the conduct of the transactions in question in an increasingly changing place.
1 The holder of a licence is obliged to notify Our Minister of a change in the licence which has occurred after the authorization has been granted, and shall be specified in one of the particulars in the application for authorization.
2 The rules of our Minister may lay down detailed rules on the particulars of the application for authorization.
Section 3.4 of the General Administrative Law Act ; and Section 13.2 of the Environmental Management Act shall apply to the preparation of a decision in respect of a permit as referred to in Article 23, first paragraph, point (c) , except where:
a. The apparatus is intended solely for radiological operations;
b. The device is located in a vehicle or on board a vessel or aircraft, which is used as such;
c. the device is located in ever changing locations, and to the judgment of Our Minister the importance of the application of Section 3.4 of the General Administrative Law ; and Section 13.2 of the Environmental Management Act does not outweighs the objections attached thereto;
d. if prior authorization for an appliance of the same type has been granted with regard to the same place and in the opinion of Our Minister it is not to be expected that, by using the requested licence, more damage may arise than has been taken into account in the authorisation previously granted.
1 Section 3.4 of the General Administrative Law Act ; and Section 13.2 of the Environmental Management Act shall not apply to the preparation of a decision on a permit for the conduct of operations with open sources, if the outcome of the weighted summation of the activities of the quantity at any given moment radionuclides in the radioactive substances involved in those operations, in accordance with the rules laid down in the scheme Article 3, first paragraph, introductory wording and point (a) , the method referred to is not more than 10 4 .
2 The first paragraph shall apply mutatis mutandis to encapsulated sources, provided that the result does not exceed 10%. 7 .
1 Where the preparation of a decision on the authorization of radioactive substances is subject to authorisation Section 3.4 of the General Administrative Law apply, shall be involved, other than as advisors,: the college of deputed states of the province, the college of mayor and aldermen of the municipality where the act is or will be performed or, if it is a discharge in surface waters, the body responsible for the qualitative management of the surface water in which the water is to be discharged or will be discharged.
(2) Where the preparation of a decision on a permit for an operation with a device Section 3.4 of the General Administrative Law apply, otherwise than as an adviser, the board of mayor and aldermen of the municipality in which the act is or will be taken shall be involved.
3 Of decisions on applications for licences for the preparation of which Section 3.4 of the General Administrative Law does not apply, our Minister's communication is published in the Official Gazette.
With application of Article 28, first paragraph, final phrase, of the Services Act is Section 4.1.3.3 of the General Law on administrative law Not applicable to the application for authorisation as specified in the Articles 23, first and second paragraphs , 24 , 25, 1st Member , 35, 1st Member , and 37, 1st Member .
1 The entrepreneur makes sure that for a member of the population as a result of acts performed under his responsibility, at any point outside the location as a result of those acts an effective dose of 0.1 mSv in a Do not exceed calendar year.
2 This Article shall not apply to persons, in so far as they provide assistance and assistance as specified in Article 53, second paragraph .
1 The entrepreneur makes sure that for a member of the population who is within the location, as a result of acts performed under his responsibility, the following individual doses are not exceeded:
a. An effective dose of 1 mSv in a calendar year and in accordance with that procedure:
b. An equivalent dose of:
1 °. 15 mSv in a calendar year in the eye lens, or
2 °. 50 mSv in a calendar year for the skin on average over any skin surface of 1 cm 2 .
2 In the case of internal contamination, the effective follow-up dose is assigned to the year of intake.
3 This Article shall not apply to persons, in so far as they provide assistance and assistance as referred to in Article 53, second paragraph .
1 The entrepreneur ensures that in circumstances where a member of the population as a result of acts performed under his responsibility can be exposed to contamination or ionising radiation inside or outside the location, the effective or equivalent dose calculations are made for the eligible places and measurements shall be made where necessary.
2 The entrepreneur shall keep records showing the results of the measurements and calculations and, if necessary, use them for the purpose of determining the doses specified in the first paragraph and the Articles 48 and 49 .
3 In the case of the Minister's arrangement, detailed rules may be laid down for the content, management and retention of the administration.
In the event of an accident or radiological emergency within its location, the entrepreneur ensures that, if a member of the population, inside or outside the affected location, is or may be exposed, individual monitoring becomes performed or that the effective or equivalent doses received by the person concerned are determined in a different way.
For the purpose of this chapter and the provisions based thereon, the following definitions shall apply:
a. Equipment: devices, encapsulated sources and open sources as well as related devices such as development machines, diagnostic monitors, PET/CT scanners and gamma camera cameras;
b. treating physician: a doctor or a dentist under whose medical responsibility an exposure to ionising radiation occurs;
c. population survey: research among risk groups of the population in which ionising radiation is applied with the aim of obtaining early diagnosis;
d. Diagnostic reference levels: dose levels in medical radiodiagnosis and in radiopharmaceutical use, quantities to be administered, for characteristic studies of groups of patients of standard size or standard phantoms. for any type of appliances or equipment defined globally;
e. Quality assurance: the planned and systematic operations necessary to provide sufficient assurance that a structure, system, component or procedure shall function properly and in accordance with generally accepted standards;
(f) medical radiological procedure: the procedure from the application up to and including execution and results of the radiological operation;
g. Medical legal examination: radiological provision without medical indication, for the purposes of underwriting or legal purposes only;
h. Medical responsibility: the responsibility of a physician or dentist regarding individual radiological operations, in particular the justification, optimisation and clinical evaluation of the result;
i. Patient Dose: the dose related to a person who is an exposure as intended Article 53, first paragraph , undergoes,
j. practical aspects: the actual execution of an exposure as referred to in Article 53, first paragraph , including: handling and use of radiological equipment, assessment of technical, physical parameters, and assessment of patient doses, calibration, maintenance of equipment, preparation and administration of radiopharmaceuticals, and development of films;
k. radiodiagnostic: relating to in vivo diagnostic nuclear medicine, diagnostic and dental radiology;
l. radiological: related to radiodiagnostic and radiotherapeutic procedures and intervention-radiology or other planning or guide adiology;
m. radiotherapeutic: relating to radiotherapy, including nuclear medicine, including for therapeutic purposes;
n. 'occupational practitioner' means a medical practitioner, including, in any case, a doctor, a dentist, a nursing specialist or a physician assistant, who applies for an operation using ionizing radiation.
1 This Chapter shall apply to radiological operations for persons who:
a. undergoing an exposure as a patient;
b. participating in a population survey;
(c) undergoing work-medical examination;
d. undergo a medical legal examination;
e. voluntarily participate in medical or biomedical research programs.
2 This chapter shall also apply to persons who knowingly provide assistance and assistance to those who undergo exposure as referred to in the first paragraph, but not in the course of their duties.
1 The operator shall ensure that a radiological operation is carried out exclusively under the medical responsibility of a treating physician who:
a. satisfies the standards of competence established by the Secretary of State for Health, Welfare and Sport; and
b. if not a dentist, is enrolled in the Article 14 of the Act on appeals in individual health care set register for medical specialists.
2 The expertise referred to in paragraph 1 (a) shall be obtained from an approved body as referred to in Article 3 (2). Article 7c (a) , or an approved or designated institution or training referred to in Article 7c (b).
1 A type of radiological operation is not justified, if the total possible diagnostic or therapeutic benefit, including the direct utility to the health of the person undergoing exposure, and the social utility, does not outweighs the health damage that the person undergoing exposure can experience, also taking into account the effectiveness, benefits and risks of available alternative techniques that have the same purpose but do not involve any or less exposure.
2 By arrangement of Our Minister of Health, Welfare and Sport, the types of radiological operations which do not justify exposure under the first paragraph are prohibited.
1 The professional and the investigating practitioner shall each assess, on the basis of their specific responsibility or an individual radiological provision, any justification, taking into account the specific eye marks of the exposure and the characteristics of the person concerned.
2 By way of derogation from Article 55, second paragraph , a radiological operation prohibited under that paragraph may, under special circumstances, be justified in individual cases, be justified. The individual assessment of the above justification shall be registered in the file of the person concerned.
3 A treating physician does not allow exposure of the person, intended Article 53, second paragraph , if this does not confer sufficient benefit, taking into account the damage to the health of the person undergoing exposure, the direct benefit to the health of the person referred to in Article 53, first paragraph, of the social security -and the health damage that the exposure can cause.
The entrepreneur shall ensure that the treating physician gives particular attention to the justification of:
a. Medical legal examination;
b. Medical and biomedical research.
The entrepreneur makes sure that for exposure as intended Article 53, first paragraph , for radiotherapeutic purposes the target volumes to be irradiated in a clinically physically responsible manner will be individually planned, taking into account that the patient dose in the tissue outside the target volume is as low as reasonably achievable be, but without prejudice to the intended radiotherapeutic effect of the exposure.
Our Minister of Health, Welfare and Sport promotes the establishment and use of diagnostic reference levels for radiodiagnostic operations as intended Article 53, first paragraph , as well as the preparation of protocols in this respect.
The economic operator shall ensure that without prejudice to the provisions of the Law Medical Scientific Research with People :
a. For subjects who are unable to benefit directly from the radiological operation, a patient-dose limitation is established;
b. if the experimental radiological operation for test subjects is intended to benefit from an advantage, a pilot-oriented planning of the experimental operation takes place.
1 Our Minister of Health, Welfare and Sport can set dose limits for exposures as intended Article 53, second paragraph .
2 By arrangement of Our Minister of Health, Welfare and Sport, rules for the exposures, referred to in the first paragraph, may be laid down in accordance with our Minister.
The economic operator shall ensure that in the event that a person undergoes an examination or treatment with the aid of administered radionuclides, written instructions are provided to the person or his legal representative, where appropriate. They shall also be informed of the risks of the ionising radiation before the person concerned leaves the site so as to minimise the dose for others in contact with that person as far as is reasonably possible.
The economic operator shall ensure that:
a. persons who undergo training in the field of radiation applications and radiation protection participate in parts of practical aspects;
b. if the said participation takes place under the responsibility of a physician, this is a doctor as intended in Article 54 ;
(c) prior to the holding mentioned under (a), written instructions shall be given to the person attending the training, on the nature and extent of the participation in the practical aspects.
1 The entrepreneur ensures that the activity to be administered in nuclear medical examination and therapy is measured with a dose calibrator.
2 Our Minister of Health, Welfare and Sport may designate standards for the accuracy of the calibrator referred to in the first paragraph.
The economic operator shall ensure that written protocols are drawn up for each standard radiological operation for each device setting.
The economic operator shall ensure that:
a. In the case of radiotherapeutic operations, a clinical physicist is closely involved;
b. A clinical physicists are available in standard therapeutic nuclear-medical operations and diagnostic nuclear-medical operations;
c. in the other radiological operations, a clinical physicist is available for advice on radiation protection aspects in radiological operations.
1 The operator shall ensure that radiological equipment used in radiological operations is used in a responsible manner. Our Minister for Health, Welfare and Sport can set rules to this effect.
2 The entrepreneur makes sure that on all radiological equipment that is in use:
a. Strict supervision of radiation protection;
b. Quality assurance programmes shall be implemented;
c. necessary measures shall be taken to repair or replace the inadequate or defective parts of radiological equipment.
The economic operator shall ensure that:
a. If new equipment is put into service, it has a device indicating the radiation dose during a radiological operation, if it is executable;
b. In the case of an X-ray machine with which radiodiagnostic operations are applied, a filter is used to reduce the patient's radiation load;
c. An x-ray machine has a fixed or automatic diaphragm setting so that the edges of the X-ray beam are visible on the image carrier, unless mammographic or dental examination;
d. An x-ray apparatus used to apply radiodiagnostic operations shall be equipped with a diaphragm or tubus for the purpose of limiting the X-ray beam to the correct area;
e. The diaphragm contains a means to indicate the dimensions of the beam in advance.
The economic operator shall ensure that:
a. Using fluoroscopy, a imaging enhancer or equivalent technique shall be used;
(b) fluoroscopic examinations without provisions for the purpose of the dose rate shall be limited to cases which justify the circumstances;
c. Devices, capable of vetting, giving an acoustic signal after every five minutes of continuous transmission.
The economic operator shall ensure that appropriate radiological equipment, techniques and peripheral equipment are used for radiological operations at:
a. Children;
b. Population survey;
c. administration to the patient of a high dose of ionizing radiation.
The referrant practitioner and the treating physician shall inform a woman whether there is pregnancy and whether breast-feeding is given before a radiological operation is carried out.
If pregnancy cannot be ruled out, or breastfeeding, depending on the type of exposure, special attention is paid to:
a. Justification of the exposure, in particular with regard to urgency;
b. Optimization of radiation protection, taking into account the patient dose for both the woman and the unborn child.
1 The entrepreneur ensures that both the opportunity and the consequences of an accident or an unintended dose of a radiological operation are as small as reasonably possible.
2 The economic operator shall ensure that written instructions and protocols are provided with the equipment for the purpose of reducing risk as referred to in paragraph 1.
1 The entrepreneur provides to Our Minister of Health, Welfare and Sport data necessary to increase the average and spread of the effective or equivalent dose in radiological operations for the population and other relevant Reference groups may be estimated.
2 Our Minister for Health, Welfare and Sport shall lay down rules on the provision of the information referred to in paragraph 1.
Our Minister of Health, Welfare and Sport may lay down rules to prevent unnecessary proliferation of radiological equipment.
1 The economic operator shall ensure that the following doses are not exceeded for workers due to acts carried out under his responsibility:
a. An effective dose of 1 mSv in a calendar year, and taking into account:
b. An equivalent dose of:
1 °. 15 mSv in a calendar year for the eye lens, or
2 °. 50 mSv in a calendar year for the skin, on average over any exposed skin surface of 1 cm 2 .
2 In the case of internal contamination, the effective follow-up dose is assigned to the year of intake.
1 The economic operator shall ensure that the following doses are not exceeded for exposed workers as a result of actions carried out under his responsibility:
a. An effective dose of 20 mSv in a calendar year, and taking into account:
b. An equivalent dose of:
1 °. 150 mSv in a calendar year for the eye lens,
2 °. 500 mSv in a calendar year for the skin, on average over any exposed skin surface of 1 cm 2 , or
3 °. 500 mSv in a calendar year for hands, forearms, feet and ankles.
2 In the case of internal contamination, the effective follow-up dose is assigned to the year of intake.
1 The entrepreneur ensures that employees who are under the age of 18 are not assigned or are performing any work, which makes them subject to the status of an exposed worker.
2 The first paragraph shall not apply if such workers are over 15 years of age and are obliged by virtue of their training to perform their operations and undergo exposure higher than one of the dose limits laid down in Article 76.
3 The economic operator shall ensure that the following individual doses are not exceeded for the persons referred to in paragraph 2 as a result of actions carried out under his responsibility:
a. An effective dose of 6 mSv per calendar year, and taking into account:
b. An equivalent dose of:
1 °. 50 mSv in a calendar year for the eye lens;
2 °. 150 mSv in a calendar year for the skin, on average over any exposed skin surface of 1 cm 2 , or
3 °. 150 mSv in a calendar year for hands, forearms, feet and ankles.
4 In the case of internal contamination, the effective follow-up dose is assigned to the year of intake.
1 The trader shall, for the purposes of the individual monitoring and surveillance, be provided as A or B workers.
2 An A worker is an exposed worker, who can receive an effective dose greater than 6 mSv in a calendar year, or an equivalent dose greater than three tenths of the employee. Article 77 dose limits.
1 The entrepreneur ensures that working conditions for the pregnant worker are such that the equivalent dose resulting from work for the unborn child is as low as reasonably possible and that it is unlikely to dose from the moment of notification of pregnancy to the entrepreneur up to the end of pregnancy 1 mSv will exceed.
2 The entrepreneur ensures that, if she has informed him that she is breastfeeding, an employee does not perform during this period of operations where, based on a risk analysis, there is a relevant risk of radioactive infection of the body.
1 In exceptional circumstances, with the exception of radiological emergencies, our Minister of Social Affairs and Employment, or in mining, Our Minister, may, at the request of the Entrepreneur waiver from the in Article 77 grant the dose limits specified, provided that:
a. to an A worker;
b. The exposure shall be voluntary;
c. exposure is limited in time;
d. exposure only occurs in further premises to be established;
e. the effective or equivalent dose to be received does not exceed five times the amount of Article 77, first paragraph, point (a) , respectively, twice the Article 77, first paragraph, point (b) , indicated values;
f. the unexposed pupil or stuttering, or pregnant woman;
g. does not include a woman who is breast-feeding when there is a risk of infection of the body;
h. the exposure of the entrepreneur in advance is motivated and the exposure and the risks from being discussed in advance by the entrepreneur are discussed with the employees concerned, the works council or personnel representation, the radiation doctor and the expert, and
(i) the workers concerned are informed in advance by the economic operator of the precautions to be taken during the operations.
2 In the situation referred to in paragraph 1, the economic operator shall report to our Minister for Social Affairs and Employment, or to the Minister for Employment, on the operations carried out, the method of protection against ionizing radiation, and radiation has been carried out and the effective or equivalent dose received by the employee.
3 The entrepreneur provides the results of the dose calculated in the second member to the Article 91, second paragraph , institution, and the worker concerned.
1 The entrepreneur makes sure that a person for whom a waiver, as intended in Article 81 , has been granted if, as a result of the exposure referred to in that Article, one of the Article 77 said dose limits have been exceeded, not previously exposed to ionizing radiation due to acts performed under his responsibility, than has been declared by a radiation doctor that no objection has been made to that effect. exists.
2 Unless the radiation doctor so recommends, the worker shall not be excluded from his normal professional activities, or put into another place, because of the limits of the dose limits referred to in paragraph 1 without the consent of the person concerned.
1 The economic operator shall ensure that where necessary for the purpose of protecting against ionizing radiation:
a. A space is designated as a controlled area, if:
1 °. the dose to be received by an employee in the room is equal to an effective dose greater than 6 mSv in a calendar year or equivalent dose higher than three tenths of the dose, mentioned in Article 77, first paragraph, point (b) , or
2 °. there is a possibility of spreading radioactive materials from space in such a way that persons are given a dose higher than an effective or equivalent dose, in Article 76 , may be received;
b. A space is considered to be monitored zone, if the effective dose to be received by an employee in the room is greater than 1 mSv in a calendar year and less than 6 mSv in a calendar year or the equivalent dose is higher than that Mentioned in Article 76 (b) , and lower than those mentioned under a, first of all.
2 The operator shall supervise working conditions in a controlled and supervised area with a view to protecting against ionizing radiation.
3 The economic operator shall ensure that the scale and quality of the measures for the protection of ionizing radiation are appropriate to the risks associated with the sources and the transactions concerned.
4 If a risk analysis reveals that a space no longer meets the criteria referred to in point (a) or (b) of the first paragraph to be classified as a controlled area, supervised area, the economic operator shall ensure that the the space concerned is no longer considered to be controlled zone, supervised area and the operations with sources, to the extent that they are to be found in a controlled zone or monitored zone, should be carried out in that area. Abandoned.
1 With regard to a controlled area, the operator shall ensure that:
(a) demarcated the zone and restricted access to persons designated for that purpose and verifying that the area is controlled in accordance with the procedures which it has set up;
(b) measures have been taken for those cases where there is a significant risk of the spread of radioactive substances; such measures shall also cover access to and exit from the zone by persons and goods;
c. having regard to the nature of the sources and operations involved, there is a system of monitoring of the workplace;
d. Clear warning signs and signs relating to the zone and the risks of ionising radiation shall be marked on the appropriate places;
e. to persons working in the zone, written work instructions shall be given to the risks arising from ionising radiation connected with the sources present within the area and the operations to be performed there.
2 By arrangement of Our Minister of Social Affairs and Employment, further rules may be made with regard to a controlled zone as referred to in the first paragraph.
1 With regard to a monitored area, the operator shall ensure that:
a. having regard to the nature of the sources and operations involved, there is a system of monitoring of the workplace;
(b) marked warning signs and signs and markings relating to the zone and the risks of ionizing radiation were applied to appropriate places;
c. Written work instructions have been given to persons working in the zone to the risks of ionising radiation linked to the sources and the operations concerned.
2 By arrangement of Our Minister of Social Affairs and Employment, detailed rules may be laid down regarding a monitored zone as referred to in the first paragraph.
For the purposes of the implementation of the Articles 84 and 85 carry out the economic operator, where applicable, measurements within the monitored and controlled area of:
a. The dosistempi, stating the nature and quality of the ionising radiation concerned; or
b. In the case of the presence of open sources, the concentration of activity in the air and the surface contamination, indicating the nature and physical and chemical status and form thereof.
1 The entrepreneur makes available to an exposed worker an appropriate, personal dose control agent, who is engaged by the entrepreneur from a dosimetric service as intended Article 8 .
2 The entrepreneur ensures that the personal dose control agents are carried by the exposed worker during the times of potential exposure at the appropriate place or places and that these dose control agents are periodically read.
3 The entrepreneur ensures that the dosimetry service periodically, using the data obtained by these dose control agents, determines to what extent these persons have been exposed to ionising radiation.
4 The entrepreneur makes sure that for cases where exposed workers can receive a relevant internal contamination under normal conditions for the work situation, there is an appropriate system for the dose control.
5 Our Minister of Social Affairs and Employment may lay down detailed rules regarding the provisions of this Article.
1 Our Minister of Social Affairs and Employment or, in the case of mining, our Minister, or, if it is the military in question, an authority to be designated by our Minister of Defence, may, if the measurement of exposure to ionizing radiation to the hand of personal control equipment is not or is not possible, or is otherwise determined to determine the effective or equivalent dose, grant a derogation from the specific Article 87 .
2 The derogation provided for in paragraph 1 shall be subject to rules which imply that the effective or equivalent dose is estimated from the individual measurements made to other exposed workers, or on the basis of the requirements of the Member States, as specified in paragraph 1. Article 86 Referred to as space monitoring, or in the case of flight crews, in a manner that is intended to be Article 111, first paragraph, point (b) Or by other means.
3 With application of Article 28, first paragraph, final phrase, of the Services Act is Section 4.1.3.3 of the General Law on administrative law does not apply to the application for a derogation as referred to in the first paragraph.
1 If an employee is, or may have been exposed to, an ionising radiation accident in the course of an accident, the economic operator shall ensure that the effective or equivalent doses are determined and received by the worker concerned.
2 If an employee is or may have been exposed to ionising radiation during a radiological emergency, the entrepreneur responsible for the act which caused the radiological emergency shall ensure that individual monitoring is carried out or that the effective or equivalent doses received by the employee concerned are determined in a different way.
1 The entrepreneur makes sure that separately from every exposed worker is registered:
a. Name, date of birth and sex;
b. Classification in category A or B-employee;
c. the measured or determined doses on the basis of the Articles 87 to 89 ;
d. The results of the space failure used in the calculation of the effective or equivalent doses;
e. in the case of the Articles 81 and 89 the exposure, the circumstances and the measures taken.
2 The economic operator shall ensure that the information referred to in points (c) and (d) of paragraph 1 shall, in any event not less than 30 years after the termination of the transactions, be kept or so long until the person concerned by the data has reached or would have reached the age of seventy-five.
1 There is a dose registration system for keeping the results of the measured or certain doses, intended in the Articles 87 , 88 and 89 .
2 Our Minister of Social Affairs and Employment designates an institution responsible for the management of the system referred to in the first paragraph and may lay down detailed rules for the establishment of the system.
3 The institution referred to in paragraph 2 shall, in any event, keep records until the person on whom the data relates has reached or would have reached the age of seventy, but at least 30 years after the date of the entry into force of the information on the information and the information available to the person concerned. This person has finished the actions.
4 When processing personal data in the system referred to in paragraph 1, the institution referred to in paragraph 2 may make use of the civil service number or, in the absence thereof, the social security number with a view to the identification of the identity of the person referred to in the third paragraph.
5 By arrangement of Our Minister of Social Affairs and Employment, detailed rules may be laid down on the method of operation, accessibility and management of the registration system.
1 The entrepreneur ensures that the results of the individual monitoring, intended in the Articles 87 , 88 and 89 , to the in Article 91 The institution shall be sent. The economic operator shall indicate where the individual dosimeter has been worn or the manner in which the internal contamination is determined.
2 The employee has access to the data relating to his exposure.
1 The entrepreneur ensures that the results of the individual monitoring, intended in the Articles 87 , 88 and 89 , the following shall be provided:
(a) the worker concerned;
b. The general coordinating expert, coordinating expert or supervisory expert;
c. In case of an A worker, the radiation doctor.
2 The entrepreneur reports on the results of the individual monitoring, intended Article 89 , without delay to the persons or service referred to in paragraph 1 and to our Minister of Social Affairs and Employment or, in the case of mining, our Minister.
1 It is the economic operator of a company established in the Netherlands that is prohibited from holding a worker, who is not in possession of a valid radiation port and a personal control agent, in another Member State of the European Union acts as A worker to be engaged.
2 The radiation-gate shall be issued to an economic operator for the benefit of the worker, upon application by our Minister of Social Affairs and Employment, or by an institution designated by him for that purpose.
3 The entrepreneur ensures that an employee shows the exposure data of the acts as A worker abroad by the foreign entrepreneur in his radiation port port and that he is his personal control agent. used during these operations abroad.
4 Upon return of the employee in the Netherlands, the entrepreneur immediately reports the data from the radiation port port at the Article 91 Institution.
5 Our Minister of Social Affairs and Employment may propose further rules relating to the provisions of this Article which include, inter alia, the model of the radiation port and on the application, cost, loss or entry into service. Unabated touching the radiation-gate.
1 The entrepreneur is forbidden to have an external employee under his responsibility in the Netherlands or on the Dutch continental shelf perform acts, if this employee is not in possession of a valid radiation path, provided by a governmental authority of the Member State of the employer of the external employee in whose mission the external employee carries out operations.
2 The entrepreneur records the results of the individual monitoring, intended in the Articles 81 , 87 , 88 and 89 , without delay after cessation of operations in the radiation port.
1 The entrepreneur makes sure that a radiation doctor exercises the medical supervision of A-workers.
2 The entrepreneur ensures that the radiation physician provides all the data at his disposal which it needs in order to understand the state of health of the persons under his supervision and to make a judgement the conditions at the place of work to the extent that they may affect their state of health.
3 The medical surveillance referred to in the first paragraph shall include:
a. A medical examination that takes place for the designation as A-employee and is intended to verify that the employee is fit for his job;
b. periodic inspections which verify at least once a year that the A worker is still capable of performing his duties;
(c) examination of persons who are no longer employed as A worker, if and as long as the radiation doctor deems it necessary.
4 If the radiation doctor deems it necessary, a medical examination will be followed by measures taken by the entrepreneur in connection with the protection of the worker ' s health.
1 The entrepreneur makes sure that a radiation physician regarding the fitness of A-employee for the designation as A-employee, based on the medical examination, applies the following classification:
a. Suitable;
b. appropriate under certain conditions; or
c. unfit.
2 The radiation doctor shall immediately inform the person who has undergone the examination of the classification of the suitability referred to in paragraph 1.
3 The person who has undergone the examination may request a further examination by our Minister for Social Affairs and Employment, or in mining of our Minister for Employment, within six weeks of the receipt of the notice referred to in the second paragraph. Economic Affairs. The Minister concerned shall communicate the results of the review to the person examined, to the radiation doctor and to the economic operator.
An employee shall not be employed in a specific position as A-employee if it is shown by the result of the Article 97, first paragraph , the medical examination referred to is inappropriate for this function.
A medical examination by a radiation physician shall also be carried out where appropriate by an exposure exceeding dose limits, or by an accident or radiological emergency.
1 The entrepreneur shall ensure that a medical record is maintained in which at least every A-employee is registered:
a. the nature of the work;
b. the results of the examinations, intended in the Articles 96 , 97 and 99 ;
c. the results of the individual monitoring, specified in the Articles 81 , 87 , 88 and 89 ;
d. if applicable, the data relating to a radiological emergency.
2 The economic operator shall ensure that the medical record referred to in paragraph 1 is retained in any case until the person on whom the data relates has reached or would have reached the age of seventy-five years, but at least 30 years after the person has completed the operations.
With regard to activities, the provisions of this Decision relating to operations involving radioactive substances, with the exception of those relating to Articles 27 to 29 and Chapter 6 , by analogy, to the extent that it is not derogated from in this Chapter.
1 Our Minister has published a list of activities in the Official Journal of the European Union, which may be that in carrying out such activities, Article 3, first paragraph, introductory wording and point (c) , values determined are exceeded.
2 Before carrying out any activity on the list referred to in paragraph 1, an economic operator shall check that this activity has been carried out in accordance with Article 103 to be reported or to be reported in accordance with the Articles 107 and 108 a permit is required.
1 The entrepreneur reports to Our Minister an efficacy, not being a discharge, before starting with the execution of that.
2 This obligation shall not apply if, within a location:
(a) in the case of efficacy, where:
1 °. the activity of the radionuclides in the natural resources concerned is always below the levels of Article 3, first paragraph, introductory wording and point (c) , value determined, or
2 °. the activity concentration of the natural sources concerned is lower than the Article 3, first paragraph, introductory wording and point (c) , value established;
(b) an activity for which, following: Article 107 a permit is required.
3 Article 25, third, fourth, sixth, seventh and eighth member , shall apply mutatis mutandis.
4 The rules of our Minister may stipulate that the second paragraph shall not apply in the light of cases of radiation protection.
5 The obligation provided for in paragraph 1 shall not apply if the application for authorisation as referred to in this Decision is the data referred to in this Decision or pursuant to Article 40, second paragraph , as regards these sources.
6 The cases of exemption from the obligation laid down in paragraph 1 of this Article may be determined by way of a regulation of our Minister, if such activity has already been notified by another the economic operator and the rules laid down in the scheme are fulfilled.
If an activity is no longer performed, the entrepreneur shall inform our Minister as soon as possible after the efficacy has been terminated.
1 It is prohibited without a licence from Our Minister an efficacy, not being a discharge, to be carried out.
2 The prohibition set out in the first paragraph shall not apply within a location if:
a. The activity of the radionuclides in the natural sources involved in that activity is lower than the Article 3, first paragraph, introductory wording and point (c) , value determined, or
b. the concentration of activity of the natural sources involved in that activity is less than ten times the amount of Article 3, first paragraph, introductory wording and point (c) , defined value.
3 Article 25, third, fourth, sixth, seventh and eighth member , shall apply mutatis mutandis.
4 The rules of our Minister may stipulate that the second paragraph shall not apply in the light of the protection of radiation.
5 With application of Article 28, first paragraph, final phrase, of the Services Act is Section 4.1.3.3 of the General Law on administrative law does not apply to the application for authorisation as referred to in the first paragraph.
1 It is forbidden without the authorization of Our Minister to discharge natural resources or to carry out any activity due to which natural sources are discharged.
2 The prohibition laid down in paragraph 1 shall not apply if the activity of the radionuclides included in the scheme in a calendar year, as specified in the scheme, are to be discharged Article 3, first paragraph , if designated, at the exit of the site is lower than the value indicated in that arrangement.
3 Article 25, third, fourth, sixth, seventh and eighth member , shall apply mutatis mutandis.
4 The rules of our Minister may stipulate that the second paragraph shall not apply in the light of the protection of radiation.
5 With application of Article 28, first paragraph, final phrase, of the Services Act is Section 4.1.3.3 of the General Law on administrative law does not apply to the application for authorisation as referred to in the first paragraph.
Under the arrangements of Our Minister, rules are laid down on the application of an authorisation for an activity as referred to in the Articles 107 and 108 .
1 The Secretary of our Minister may, if it considers that the Minister's opinion is necessary for reasons of justification and optimisation, be subject to rules relating to the execution of the work which has been given. in accordance with Article 103 shall be reported.
2 By arrangement of Our Minister, rules may be laid down regarding product or material reuse and storage of waste from natural sources, for categories of cases where activity concentration combined with total value. activity of the natural resources concerned is higher than the Article 3 fixed value.
3 Article 25, third, fourth, seventh and eighth members , shall apply mutatis mutandis.
1 It shall be prohibited to mix radioactive waste from natural sources in such a way that the activity concentration of such waste shall be:
a. below ten times the Article 3, first paragraph, introductory wording and point (c) , designated values, or
b. below the Article 3, first paragraph, introductory wording and point (c) , designated values.
2 Without prejudice to the provisions of the Articles 103 and 107 The prohibition referred to in paragraph 1 shall not apply if it is shown that mixing does not cause any greater danger, damage or damage, than in the case of non-radioactive waste originating from natural sources. mixed.
1 By way of derogation from the Articles 102 to 110 the economic operator shall ensure that in respect of an exposed worker who is part of an aeroplane crew:
a. it is informed of the risk of cosmic radiation as such for his employment or employment as such;
b. The magnitude of the effective dose received by him as a result of cosmic radiation is determined by means of a method adopted by Our Minister of Social Affairs and Employment;
c. if an effective dose of 6 mSv can be exceeded in a calendar year, to satisfy the Article 5 an obligation to establish and implement a revised schedule of work and to classify the employee as A 'employee';
The effective dose received by him as a result of cosmic radiation, together with the effective doses resulting from operations and activities carried out under the responsibility of the economic operator, shall not be carried out in a calendar year; exceeds.
2 The Articles 15, first and fifth members , 16 , 17 , 79 , 80 , 90 , 91 , 92, second member , and 96 to 100 shall be applicable mutatis mutandis. Article 92, first paragraph , shall apply mutatis mutandis, except that instead of ' the results of the individual monitoring provided for in the Articles 87 , 88 and 89 ' shall be read: the results of the individual monitoring provided for in Article 111, first paragraph .
3 This Article shall not apply to flights which only take place at an altitude of less than eight kilometres.
4 Our Minister of Social Affairs and Employment may lay down detailed rules regarding the provisions of this Article.
1 An intervention shall be carried out only if the expected reduction of the damage and the harmful social and social consequences of ionizing radiation is sufficient to ensure that the damage, the social and social effects of the action is taken into account. to justify the consequences and costs of intervention.
2 The form, size and duration of the intervention shall be such as to ensure that the benefit of the reduction of the health damage resulting from it, taking into account the damage caused to the intervention, is as large as is reasonably possible.
1 Our Minister, and:
a. if it concerns the military, our Minister of Defence;
b. in the case of medical radiation applications, Our Minister of Health, Welfare and Sport;
c. in the case of work protection, Our Minister for Social Affairs and Employment,
d. if it concerns a discharge to surface water, our Minister of Infrastructure and the Environment;
Ensure that teams of technical and medical intervention and for the removal of radioactive contamination are available, sufficiently equipped for their implementation.
2 The members of these teams are adequately trained for the performance of their duties.
The Articles 87 , 89 , 90 , 92 , 93 and 96 shall apply mutatis mutandis to the teams specified in Article 113, first paragraph On the understanding that the obligations laid down therein rest upon the person under whose responsibility the intervention is to be made.
The economic operator shall ensure that provisions are made in preparation for the provision of an intervention in the event of a radiological emergency occurring within the site. He sets up an intervention plan for each location, which he tests regularly.
1 The economic operator, if a radiological emergency occurs within the site, shall immediately take all appropriate measures to limit the effects thereof.
2 The economic operator shall immediately inform the mayor of the municipality of the municipality where the radiological emergency is occurring.
3 The entrepreneur immediately makes a preliminary assessment of the circumstances and consequences of that situation and reports it to the Mayor and Our Minister.
4 The economic operator shall ensure that all cooperation is granted to an intervention carried out by a governing body.
1 Our in Article 113 Those Ministers shall, each in so far as it concerns the interest referred to in that Article, lay down rules relating to the implementation of interventions.
2 The person under whose responsibility the intervention is made shall ensure that the effects and effectiveness of an intervention are determined and recorded.
1 The Articles 48 , 49 , 76 and 77 shall not apply in the event of intervention in a radiological emergency.
2 In case of intervention in a radiological emergency, workers and emergency workers shall, as a dose limitation, apply for the effective dose for:
life-saving work: 750 mSv
rescue of important material interests: 250 mSv
support or execution of measurements, evacuation,
iodine prophylaxis, public order and safety: 100 mSv
3 Values for life-saving work indicated in paragraph 2 shall be exceeded only if necessary to save human lives or to safeguard important material interests, the worker or aid worker concerned shall be affected by the An entrepreneur has been informed of the risks of intervention and the intervention of the intervention is carried out voluntarily.
4 Article 113, second paragraph , and Article 114 , shall apply mutatis mutandis to workers and aid workers who are responsible for the tasks referred to in paragraph 2 of this Article.
1 Our in Article 113 Ministers referred to in that Article, each in so far as it concerns the interest referred to in that Article, or the economic operator may consider a situation which leads to long-term exposure arising from a radiological emergency or from a previous period of exposure to the act or efficacy.
2 Our in Article 113 where the situation referred to in the first paragraph falls under the responsibility of an economic operator, the said Ministers may require the economic operator to carry out the intervention.
3 In a case referred to in paragraph 1, the person under whose responsibility the intervention is made shall, in so far as it is necessary for the purpose of exposure, ensure:
a. the demarcation of the area concerned;
b. The introduction of a monitoring system for the exposure;
c. the implementation of the intervention, in accordance with a plan of approach approved by Our Minister concerned;
d. arrange the access to or use of the locations or buildings, which are located in the demarcated area.
4 With regard to intervention in a case as referred to in paragraph 1, this Decision shall, with the exception of the Sections 4.2 to 4.4 and the Articles 39 (b) , 48 , and 114 to 118 , mutatis mutandis.
1 The economic operator who conducts transactions shall keep records of those operations. This administration shall be placed in a management system.
2 The administration shall at least:
(a) the name of the legal person and the responsible general coordinating expert, coordinating expert or supervisory expert;
(b) the place where the operations are carried out;
c. a description of the nature and extent of operations;
d. risk analysis.
3 In the case of the regulation of Our Minister, detailed rules for the content and rules for the retention periods of the administration shall be laid down.
1 The entrepreneur who conducts acts with a high-active source, provides our Minister in writing with the relevant data relating to that source.
2 The rules of our Minister shall lay down detailed rules on such data and the dates on which they are to be provided.
1 The person who carries out operations in the context of industrial radiography at varying places shall keep records of those operations by location.
2 An administration as referred to in the first paragraph shall be assigned to a management system.
3 The person carrying out an administration as referred to in the first paragraph shall keep the records from which that administration exists, at least for three years from the calendar year to which they relate.
4 The conditions to be met by the administration, as set out in paragraph 1, shall be laid down by the Minister of Our Minister.
5 The obligation laid down in paragraph 1 shall not apply if the number of previously estimated recordings is less than 100 per calendar year.
1 The person carrying out operations shall comply with detailed rules for the rules laid down in or pursuant to this Decision.
2 Further requirements relating exclusively to the protection of workers against ionizing radiation, as a result of action, are to be:
a. in the case of mining: by Our Minister;
b. In the case of other acts: by an official designated for that purpose by our Minister of Social Affairs and Employment.
3 If these further requirements which do not concern the protection of workers against ionizing radiation in actions to be carried out by them, they shall be drawn up by the inspector, or by our Minister for Health, Welfare and Sport, for as far as the interests of the Member concerned are concerned, or if it concerns mining on the continental shelf, our Minister.
4 Further requirements relating to the interests referred to in the second and third paragraphs shall be made jointly by the governing bodies referred to in those paragraphs.
1 In special cases, our Minister for Defence, if it is the armed force, may dispense with the rules in the Chapter 3 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 and 10 of this Decision.
2 Provisions may be attached to the exemption.
3 With application of Article 28, first paragraph, final phrase, of the Services Act is Section 4.1.3.3 of the General Law on administrative law does not apply to the application for a derogation as referred to in the first paragraph.
If, in the interests of the protection against ionizing radiation, the judgment of Our Ministers is urgently necessary and, in their opinion, an amendment to this Decision cannot be made, rules may be laid down by our Ministers. be set, which depart from this Decision but with a set of meaning as provided for in this Decision. Such an arrangement shall expire one year after its entry into force, or, if, within that period, an amendment to the relevant provision of this Decision has entered into force, at the time of its entry into force. Our Ministers may extend the time limit by ministerial arrangement for a maximum period of one year.
The Radiation Protection Act and the Registration of Radioactive Materials and Charges Assessment Services Nuclear Energy Act shall be repealed.
1 An authorisation granted before the date of entry into force of this Decision pursuant to:
a. Article 29 of the Act , in conjunction with Articles 6 and 7 of the Nuclear Energy Law Radiation Protection Decision, as set out until the date of entry into force of this Decision;
b. Article 34 of the Act , in conjunction with Article 8 of the Nuclear Energy Law Radiation Protection Decision, as set out until the date of entry into force of this Decision, or
c. Article 26 of the Mining Act continental shelf In conjunction with Article 167 of the Mining Regulation continental shelf , as that decision has been made until the date of entry into force of this Decision, is based on the date of entry into force of this Decision on the Article 23 , 24 , 25 or 108 of this Decision.
2 An operation with a device authorised before the date of entry into force of this Decision, or pursuant to Article 34 of the Act In conjunction with Article 8 (b) of the Nuclear Energy Law Radiation Protection Decision, as set out in that Decision until the date of entry into force of this Decision, it shall be deemed to have been notified in accordance with Article 21 of this Decision.
3 The entrepreneur who carries out an act or an activity with a radioactive substance for which under Article 29 of the Act In conjunction with Article 6, first and second paragraph, and Article 7, first and second paragraph, of the Nuclear Energy Law Radiation Protection Decision, as was the date of the entry into force of this Decision or pursuant to Article 6 (2) of the Basic Law on the protection of the laws of the Member States, Article 34 of the Act , no licence is required but for which it is required by or under this Decision, an application shall be submitted within 12 months of the entry into force of this Decision in accordance with Article 43 of this Decision. Until such time as our Ministers have decided on that application, the act shall be deemed to have been carried out in accordance with this Decision.
4 The economic operator who carries out an activity for which no notification or authorization is required by law until the date of entry into force of this Decision, but for which under Chapter 8 This decision shall require notification of the activity for a time to be determined by Our Ministers. Until that time, the efficacy shall be deemed to have been notified in accordance with this Decision.
5 The economic operator who carries out an activity for which a licence has been granted under the law until the date of entry into force of this Decision, but for which under the conditions of Chapter 8 of this decision is required, shall be deemed to have reported the efficacy in accordance with Article 103 of this Decision. The requirements of the licence remain after the date of entry into force of the Regulation. Chapter 8 of this Decision.
6 A device as intended Article 34 of the Act In conjunction with Article 4, second paragraph, of the Nuclear Energy Law Radiation Protection Act, as was the date of entry into force of this Decision and an act of a radioactive substance as referred to in Article 4 (2) of the EC Treaty, Article 29 of the Act In conjunction with Article 6, third paragraph, of the Nuclear Energy Act radiation protection Decision, as that decision has been taken until the date of entry into force of this Decision, it is to be regarded as a device resulting from the Article 21, second paragraph, point (d) , adopted by this Decision, shall be an act of a type which is of a type to be taken into account Article 26, first paragraph, point (a) This Decision has been approved.
7 The acts for which the first and second paragraphs apply and which are based on the Article 4 unjustified, or belong to a category which is unjustified, shall be deemed to be justified on the date of entry into force of this Decision.
8 Acts notified in accordance with the Nuclear Energy Act radiation protection Decision which have been notified in accordance with the Act, and which are not in accordance with Article 4 are justified, or belong to a category which is not justified in accordance with Article 4, shall be treated in the same way as acts justified in accordance with Article 4.
Applications for authorisation under Article 29 of the Act In conjunction with Articles 6 and 7 of the Nuclear Energy Law Radiation Protection Act, as that decision was made until the date of entry into force of this Decision, and declarations of an aircraft pursuant to Article 72 of the Decision on radiation protection Nuclear energy law, which has been made before the date of entry into force of this Decision, shall be decided in accordance with the rules under the Nuclear Energy Act radiation protection act, as was the case until the date of the entry into force of this Decision.
For the treatment of objection or appeal, set before the date of entry into force of this Decision against licences as referred to in Article 127 Those articles of this Decision shall remain subject to radiation protection, which shall, in accordance with the provisions of the Nuclear Energy Act radiation protection act, as provided for in that Decision until the date of entry into force of this Decision, remain subject to those Articles. Nuclear energy law and the rules laid down pursuant to those articles shall apply, provided that, in the event after the date of entry into force of this Decision, an objection or appeal leads to the destruction of the decision granting a authorisation, a new decision shall be taken with the application of this Decision.
1 For those for whom an obligation to meet the requirements of Article 75 in conjunction with Article 82b of the Nuclear Energy Law Radiation Act was fulfilled by the date of entry into force of this Decision, as that decision has been the date of entry into force of this Decision, Article 122 of this Decision shall apply. This further requirement shall be based on the date of entry into force of this Decision to Article 122.
2 The derogation granted before the date of entry into force of this Decision pursuant to Article 77, in conjunction with Article 82d of the Nuclear Energy Law Radiation Protection Act, as set out until the date of entry into force of this Decision, shall be Article 123 of this Decision shall be granted after the date of entry into force of this Decision to Article 123.
After the entry into force of this Decision:
a. Decision of 31 August 1987 on the recognition of the Central Organisation for Radioactive Waste N. V. as a collection agency, on Article 37, seventh paragraph , of this Decision;
(b) the decision setting up centralised system for storage radiological data and radiation path, on the basis of Articles 91 and 94 of this Decision;
(c) Decisions pursuant to Article 25, first paragraph, in conjunction with Article 81 (1) of the Decision on radiation protection Nuclear energy law, as adopted until 1 March 2002, Article 8, first paragraph , of this Decision;
d. the Arrangement designation Electronic Microscopes Nuclear Energy Act 1998 on Article 21, second paragraph, point (d) , of this Decision;
e. the Arrangement designation of smoke detectors Nuclear Energy Act 2000-II on Article 26, second paragraph , of this Decision.
1 To a date to be determined by our Ministers, a person holding a diploma of training at the levels provided for in the Conditions of Recognition of Education and Training of Experts of Radioactive Materials and equipment such as this: until the date of entry into force of this Decision and the Directive of 20 November 1984 on the recognition of training experts, experts on radioactive substances and equipment, identified as an expert who is registered in a register such as Intended in Article 7, second paragraph .
2 To a date to be determined by the Conditions of Employment of Our Ministers, an education which, in accordance with the Staff Regulations, shall be subject to training experts of radioactive substances and equipment such as the said scheme until the date of entry into force of this Regulation. The Decision and the Directive of 20 November 1984 on the recognition of training and training of experts is recognised as training as referred to in the second paragraph.
3 Until a date to be decided by ministerial order, our Ministers and Our Minister for Health, Welfare and Sport may recognise an education as referred to in the second paragraph.
This Decision shall enter into force on a date to be determined by the Royal Decree, which may be adopted in a different way for the various articles or parts thereof.
This decision is cited as: Decision on radiation protection.
Charges and orders that this Decision will be placed in the Official Journal by means of the note of explanatory note accompanying it.
Tavarnelle, 16 July 2001
Beatrix
The Secretary of State for Social Affairs and Employment,
J. F. Hoogervorst
The Minister for Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment,
J. P. Pronk
The Minister for Health, Welfare and Sport,
E. Borst-Eilers
Published on 6 September 2001The Minister of Justice,
A. H. Korthals
For radiation protection purposes, different types of quantity can be distinguished:
1. Physical quantities describing a radiation field or the interaction of radiation with matter (these quantities are given in Chapter 2.2).
2. Limiting quantities are defined to prevent or mitigate adverse effects of exposure to radiation. These quantities (see Chapter 2.3) are used in the laws and regulations to set standards, but are not measurable directly.
3. Operational quantities (see Chapter 2.4) are defined for exposure to external radiation sources and are used to estimate the mitigating quantities. The operational quantities are measurable.
4. Operational quantities of radioactive substances (see Chapter 2.5), defined by the Dutch authorities for exposure to radioactive substances and used to determine the maximum quantities of radioactive substances which may be used for operations or operations.
The number of particles emitted by a radiation source or the source strength and the number of emitted particles per unit of time are the most basic radiometric quantities.
The Fluency, Φ , is the quotient of d N and d A , where d N The number of particles is that of a sphere of diameter d A Invades:
(2.1)
The unit of fluence is m -2 .
The activity is not a radiometric quantity, and is defined as follows: 1 :
The activity , A, of an amount of radionuclide in a given energy state at a given time, is the quotient of d N and d t , where d N the expectation value of the number of spontaneous nuclear transitions of that energy state during the time d t proposes:
(2.2)
The unit of activity is s -1 with a special name becquerel (Bq)
The activity concentration (the Massic activity), is the quotient of A and m , where A is the activity of a mass element with mass m .
The surface contamination is the quotient of A and O , warat A the activity is on or on a surface O .
Dosimetric quantities, such as the kerma and the absorbed dose, are essentially the product of radiometric quantities and exchange coefficients.
The grandiid kerma is only defined for indirect ionizing radiation, such as photons and neutrons.
The Kerma, K , is the quotient of d E tr and d m where d E tr is the sum of transferred kinetic energy to all secondary charged particles released by unloaded radiation particles in a material with mass d. m :
(2.3)
The unit of kerma is J kg -1 with a special name of gray (Gy).
The absorbed dose, D , is the quotient of d and dm, where d is the mean energy release of ionizing radiation on matter is in a volume element with mass d m :
(2.4)
The unit of absorbed dose is J kg -1 with a special name of gray (Gy).
For charged particles, the quantity of the energy transfer is given in the quantity. On the unborder ruler energy loss 2 , L No restriction of the limit value of the energy loss is applied. L ∞ also referred to as L , where d E the average energy is a particle with energy E When traversed by a distance d L In a material loss due to collisions with electrons:
(2.5)
The unit of L∞ is J m. -1 but usually L ∞ expressed in keV µ m -1 .
Based on the description of a radiation field, average effective doses may be in organs or tissue. 3 shall be calculated.
For radiation protection purposes, the organ dose, D T, defined as quotient of the total energy, T, issued in a tissue or organ and the mass m T of this organ or tissue:
(2.6)
The special unit for organ dose is gray (Gy).
The equivalent dose, H T, in a tissue or organ T is the sum of the products of the mean absorbed dose D TR, in a tissue or organ T as a result of radiation R, and the radiation weighting factor w R:
(2.7)
The unit of equivalent dose is J kg -1 with a special name sievert (Sv).
The equivalent tracking dose, H T (τ), is the integral over time τ of the equivalent dose rate in tissue or organ T which is due to an individual as a result of recording activity at the time t 0 will receive:
(2.8)
where: H T (τ) the corresponding equivalent dose rate in organ or tissue T at the time t -for the period in years to be integrated. When not given, adults are taken from a period of 50 years and for children up to 70 years of age. The unit of equivalent tracking dose is J kg -1 with a special name sievert (Sv).
The radiation weighing factor ( w R) is a dimensionless factor used to support the absorbed dose. D T, R in a tissue or organ T to weigh in order to bring about the biological efficacy of radiation type R when determining the equivalent dose H T in that organ or tissue.
The value of the radiation weighting factor w R depends on the type and energy of the external radiation field or of the type and energy of the radiation emitted by a radionuclide in the organism.
When the radiation field is composed of types and energies with different w R values, the absorbed dose should be divided into blocks with each one's own w R value, which is then to be sommed to obtain the total equivalent dose. Instead, the absorbed dose may also be expressed as a continuous energy distribution in which each element of the absorbed dose from the energy element between E and E + d E being multiplied by the relevant w R. The radiant weighing factors for different radiation types are given in Table 2.1.
For radiation types and energies which are not included in Table 2.1, w r is approximated by calculation of the mean quality factor Q at a depth Ed 10 mm in the ICRU sphere (see section 2.4).
Table 2.1 Radiation Weighing Factors wR
Type of radiation and energy w| Photons, all energies |
1 |
| Electrons and muons, all energies 1 |
1 |
| Neutrons, energy < 10 keV |
5 |
| 10-100 keV |
10 |
| > 100 keV to 2 MeV |
20 |
| > 2-20 MeV |
10 |
| > 20 MeV |
5 |
| Protons, excluding emission reprotons, Energy > 2 MeV |
5 |
| Alpha particles, fission fragments, heavy cores |
20 |
1 With the exception of Auger electrons emitted by nuclei bound to DNA
By calculations for neutrons with energy E n (MeV) can cause problems in the application of cascating values. In these cases, the continuous function can sometimes be used (see Figure 2.2), which is described by the following mathematical equation:
(2.9)
Figure 2.2 Radiation weighing factors (wr) for neutrons.
The fluting line should be considered as an approximation.
The various tissues and organs in the body exhibit a radiant sensitivity which differ from an induction of stochastic effects.
The tissue weighing factor ( w T) is a factor used to calculate the contribution of the equivalent dose in a tissue or organ ( H T) to the effective dose ( E ). The factor is related to the radiation sensitivity of the organs and tissues for stochastic effects. The values are given in Table 2.2.
Table 2.2 Weaving weighting factors for weighing of HT equivalent dose
Tissue or organ T
Tissue weighing factor w T*
| Gonads |
0.20 |
| Red bone marrow |
0.12 |
| Colon (colon) |
0.12 |
| Lungs |
0.12 |
| Stomach |
0.12 |
| Bladder |
0.05 |
| Breast tissue |
0.05 |
| Liver |
0.05 |
| Oesophagus |
0.05 |
| Thyroid gland |
0.05 |
| Skin |
0,01 |
| Bone surface |
0,01 |
| Other tissues and organs |
0,05 * * * * * * * * |
The values have been established on the basis of a reference population with an equal number of men and women of different ages. In determining the effective dose, they apply to the workers and the population as a whole, and to both genders.
The other tissues and organs are included in the calculation: adrenal, brain, upper colon (colon), small intestine, kidneys, muscle, pancreas, spleen, thymus, extrathoracic part of respiratory tract (ET) (see ICRP). Publication No 68) 4 and uterus. The list includes bodies which can be selectively irradiated. Some of the organs on the list are known to be cancer-prone. If later it turns out that other tissues and organs are sensitive to news reforms, then they become self-sensitive. w T value or included in this list of other bodies. The latter may also include other selectively irradiated tissues and organs.
In the exceptional cases where only one of the other tissues or organs receives an equivalent dose which exceeds the highest equivalent dose in any of the twelve organs having an own weighting factor, a weighing factor of 0,025, and on the average equivalent dose in the rest of the other tissues and organs as defined above, a weighting factor of 0,025.
The upper part of the colon is large intestine (ULI = colon ascendation + transverse) plus the lower part of the colon and other parts (LLI = colon descendens + lower parts). The ICRP provides for publication 67 5 recommendations on the use of tissue weighing factors for different parts of the colon.
The effective dose, E , the sum of the weighted equivalent doses in all the tissues and organs mentioned in Table 2.2 as a result of internal and external irradiation:
(2.10)
where: H T the equivalent dose in tissue or organ T is and w T the tissue weighting factor as given in Table 2.2. The unit of effective dose is J kg -1 with a special name sievert (Sv).
The effective dose is a double-weighted organ dose that can also be described as:
(2.11)
where: D T, R is the mean absorbed dose in tissue or organ T as a result of radiation type R.
The effective follow-up dose E (τ) is the sum of the expected equivalent organ or tissue-based doses resulting from the absorption of radionuclides by the body from the surrounding environment, each multiplied by the relevant tissue weighting factor. w T.
(2.12)
In E (τ) and H T (τ) proposes the number of years for which the follow-up dose is to be integrated. The unit of effective follow dose is J kg -1 with a special name sievert (Sv). Unless otherwise stated, τ for adults is 50 years of age and 70 years for children.
The dose equivalent , H, is the product of the quality factor, Q , and the absorbed dose in a point, D , expressed in ICRU fabric:
(2.13)
The unit of dose equivalent is the sievert (Sv).
The dose equivalent is calculated by using a quality factor Q and not with the radiation weighting factor w R, which is used to calculate the equivalent dose.
The Quality factor (Q) is a factor that weighs the absorbed dose at a point in a tissue or organ for the biological efficacy of the charged particles through which the absorbed dose is produced. The quality factor is defined as a function of the unlimited ruler's energy loss ( L In water at the reference point (see Table 2.3).
Low-border linear energy loss L∞ in water (keV µ m) -1 )
Q (L) (a)
| L < 10 |
1 |
| 10 < L < 100 |
0.32 L General -2.2 |
| L 100 |
300/ ✓ L General |
The mean quality factor , Q , is the average value of the quality factor, Q , at a point in a tissue, when the absorbed dose is issued by particles with different L values. This factor shall be calculated from the following:
(2.14)
where: Q ( L (a) The quality factor in the reference point is, L ∞ the unlimited ruler's energy loss; and D ( L (d) L ∞ the absorbed dose is in the interval between values L - L Total L The relationship between L - Q ( L In Table 2.3.
A very simple phantom, known as the ICRU-sphere, is used in the definition of operational quantities for environmental dosimetry and for calibration of personal dosimeters. This is a sphere with a diameter of 30 cm and a density of 1 g cm -3 . The sphere is composed of the following materials, by brackets the mass fraction: O (76.2%) H (10.1%) C (11.1%) N (2.6%). This composition is similar to that of soft tissue. The ICRU sphere is intended to be a model for the human torso.
A Expanded field is one of the field of real radiation derived from field, where the fluence (see for this purpose in 2.2) and its direction and energy pipelines have the same value anywhere in the measurement volume as at the reference point in the actual radiation field.
A exalted and aligned field is a radiation field in which the fluency and its direction and energy pipeline are the same as in the expanded field, but in which the fluence is unidirectional.
Solar monitoring (space failure)
The Ambient dose equivalent , H * Ed ), at one point in a radiation field is the dose equivalent that would be induced in the corresponding, but expanded, and aligned field in the ICRU sphere at depth Ed . The unit of ambient dose equivalent is the sievert (Sv). For penetrating radiation, Ed a value of 10 mm; a value for not less penetrating radiation Ed of 0.07 mm for the skin and for the eye a value for Ed 3 mm recommended. The factors necessary for the conversion of ambient dose equivalent to effective dose are included in ICRP Publication 74 6 .
The Ambient-dose equivalent rate -HH (d) is the ambient dose equivalent per time unit. The unit of ambient-dose equivalent rate is Sv s -1 .
The Directional dose equivalent H ' (d, Ο) is the dose equivalent at a point in a radiation field that would be induced by the corresponding expanded field in the ICRU sphere at depth d, on a radius in a given direction, where Ο is the angle between the invalsdirection of the radiation and a reference direction; and Ed The depth is in mm below the surface of the ICRU bol; for penetrating radiation, for Ed A value of 10 mm recommended; for low pervasive radiation, a value of 0.07 mm for the skin and 3 mm for the eye is recommended. The unit of directional dose equivalent is the sievert (Sv). The factors that can be used for the calculation of directional dose coefficient to effective dose are included in ICRP Publication 74 and ICRU publication 57 7 .
individual monitoring using personal control tools
The person dose equivalent , H P ( Ed ), is the dose equivalent in soft tissue, at a depth Ed , below a certain point on the body. The unit of person dose equivalent is the sievert (Sv). For penetrating radiation, Ed a value of 10 mm; a value for not less penetrating radiation Ed of 0.07 mm for the skin and for the eye a value for 3 mm recommended. The factors required for computation are included in ICRP Publication 74
The Raditoxicity equivalent Re A radionuclide is the activity which results in an effective 1 sievert effective dose of 1 sievert at full direct ingestion (ingestion or inhalation).
A T For a radionuclide, the inverse effective dose coefficient for that nuclide is:
(2.15)
Where e (g) The effective dose coefficient is for age group G , according to evidence provided by our Minister for the determination of the effective follow-up dose. The radiotoxicity equivalent shall have the unit Bq.
In the calculation of T is always made use of the effective dose coefficient for the age > 17 years.
Radiotoxicity equivalent for ingestion (Reing)
one radiotoxicity equivalent for ingestion (R) P. (a) of a radionuclide is the activity leading to an effective follow-up dose of 1 sievert for a reference person over the age of 17 years, according to instructions given by Our Minister for the determination of effective follow-up:
(2.16)
where: P. The dose coefficient for ingestion is for the age group > 17 years for radionuclide i according to the guidance given by Our Minister for the determination of the effective monitoring dose.
The radiotoxicity equivalent has as a unit the becquerel (Bq).
Radiotoxicityequivalent for inhalation (Reinh)
one radiotoxicity equivalent for inhalation ( T inh) of a radionuclide is the inhalation activity leading to an effective dose of 1 sievert for a reference person older than 17 years as referred to in the last column of Table 4.1, 4.2 and 6 and Table 5:
(2.17)
where: P. In the case of radionuclide i by the age group > 17 years for radionuclide i, the guidance given by Our Minister for the determination of the effective monitoring dose is indicated in the inhalation dose.
The radiotoxicity equivalent has as a unit the becquerel (Bq).
Correction factors for discharges expressed in Re
factors to correct a radiotoxicity equivalent of a given radionuclide for the physical half-life of the radionuclide concerned, for discharges into air and surface water and in the public sewer. The quantities discharged are expressed in T shall be corrected before review as follows:
(2.18)
Where:
T i = the amount of the radionuclide i discharged is expressed in: T , and
CR i = the correction factor for the release of radionuclide i
Table 2.4 Correction factors for discharges into air and water
Correction factor (CR) for the discharge, expressed in Re in air CRi and water CRw, depending on the physical half-life of the discharged radionuclide
Half-life
≤5d
5 < T ½≤7,5d
7.5d < T ½≤15d
15d < T ½≤25j
25 < T ½≤250j
250j < T ½
| Discharges into air CR L |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
10 |
100 |
| Discharges into water CR w |
0.001 |
0,01 |
0.1 |
1 |
10 |
100 |
