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On The International Convention For The Suppression Of The Financing Of Terrorism

Original Language Title: Par Starptautisko konvenciju par cīņu pret terorisma finansēšanu

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The Saeima has adopted and the President promulgated the following laws: The International Convention on the fight against the financing of terrorism, article 1. on 9 December 1999, the International Convention for the Suppression of the financing of terrorism (hereinafter referred to as the Convention) with this law is accepted and approved. 2. article. The law shall enter into force on the date of its promulgation. This law put the Convention in English and its translation into Latvian language. 3. article. In accordance with article 2 of the Convention, the second part of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs shall inform the Secretary-General of the United Nations for international treaties, which the Republic of Latvia are not considered as included in the annex of the Convention. 4. article. In accordance with article 7 of the Convention, the third part of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to inform the Secretary-General of the United Nations that the Latvian Republic may establish jurisdiction over all article 7 provided for in the second paragraph of criminal offences. 5. article. The Prosecutor shall inform the Secretary-General of the United Nations of the Convention article 9 of the sixth part of the cases referred to. 6. article. The Ministry of Justice informed the Secretary-General of the United Nations of the Convention referred to in article 19. 7. article. The Convention shall enter into force on the 26, within the time limit laid down in the article and in order, and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs shall notify the newspaper "journal". 8. article. Crime and corruption prevention Council coordinate the fulfilment of the obligations provided for in the Convention. The law adopted by the Parliament in 2002 on September 26. State v. President Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga in Riga 2002 October 9, International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism Adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations in resolution 54/109 of 9 December 1999 preamble the States parties to this Convention, Bearing in mind the purpose and principles of the Charter of the United Nations concerning the maintenance of international peace and security and the promotion of good-not ighbourlines and friendly relations and cooperation among States Deeply concerned, about the worldwide escalation of acts of terrorism in all its forms and manifestation, Recalling the Declaration on the Occasion of the Fiftieth Anniversary of the United Nations, in General Assembly resolution 50/led 6 of 24 October 1995, Recalling also all the relevant General Assembly resolution on the matter, including resolution 49/60 of 9 December 1994 and its annex on the Declaration on International Terrorism the "Eliminat , in which the States members of the United Nations solemnly reaffirmed their unequivocal condemnation of all acts, methods and practices of terrorism as criminal and unjustifiabl, and by whomever wherever committed, including those which jeopardiz the friendly relations among States and peoples and threaten the territorial integrity and security of States, Noting that the Declaration on International Terrorism the "Eliminat also encouraged States to review urgently the scope of the existing international legal provision on the prevention repression and elimination of terrorism, in all its forms and manifestation, with the aim of ensuring that there is a comprehensive legal framework covering all aspects of the matter, Recalling General Assembly resolution 51/210 of 17 December 1996, paragraph 3, subparagraph (f), in which the Assembly called upon all States to take steps to prevent and counterac, through appropriate domestic measure of , the financing of terrorist and terrorist organization, such financing is direct whethers or indirect through organizations which also have or claim to have charitable, social or cultural goals or which are also engaged in unlawful activities such as drug trafficking, the illicit arms dealing and racketeering, including the exploitation of a person for the purpose of funding terrorist activities, and in particular to consider , where appropriate, adopting regulatory measure to prevent and counterac the movement of funds suspected to be intended for the purpose of terrorist without impeding in any way the freedom of capital movement is legitimat and to intensify the exchange of information concerning international movement of such funds, Recalling also resolution 52/165 of the General Assembly on 15 December 1997, in which the Assembly called upon States to consider in particular, the implementation of the measure set out in the paragraph 3 (a) to (f) of its resolution 51/210 of 17 December 1996, General Assembly resolution 53/Recalling further 108 of 8 December 1998, in which the Assembly decided that the Ad Hoc Committee established by General Assembly resolution 51/210 of 17 December 1996 should elaborat a draft international convention for the suppression of terrorist financing to supplement related existing international instruments it is , Considering that the financing of terrorism is a matter of grave concern to the international community as a whole, Noting that the number and seriousnes of acts of international terrorism depend on the terrorist financing that may obtain, Noting also that existing legal instruments do not expressly multilaterals address such financing, Being convinced of the urgent need to enhance international cooperation among States in devising and adopting effective measure for the prevention of the financing of terrorism , as well as for its suppression through the prosecution and punishment of the perpetrator of it, have agreed as follows: article 1 For the purpose of this Convention: 1. (A) funds means assets of every kind, tangibl or intangibl, whethers movable or immovabl, however acquired, and legal documents or instruments in any form, including electronic or digital, evidencing title to, or interest in , such assets, including, but not limited to, bank credits, travellers cheque, bank cheque, money orders, shares, securities, bonds, draft, letter of credit. 2. A State or governmental facility means any permanent or temporary facility or conveyanc that is used or occupied by representatives of a State, members of Government, the help or the judiciary or by officials or employees of a State or any other public authority or entity or by employees or officials of an intergovernmental organization in connection with their official duties. 3. (A) Proceed to mean any funds derived from or obtained, directly or indirectly, through the commission of an offenc set forth in article 2 article 2 1. Any person commit an offenc» within the meaning of this Convention if that person by any means, directly or indirectly, unlawfully and wilfully, provides or collect funds with the intention that they should be used or in the knowledge that they are to be used , in full or in part, in order to carry out: (a) An Act which an offenc of constitut is within the scope of and as defined in one of the treats to be listed in the annex; or (b) Any other act intended to cause death or serious bodily injury to a civilian, or to any other person not taking an active part in the hostilit in a situation of armed conflict, when the purpose of such Act, by its nature or context, is to intimidat a population, or to compel a Government or an international organization to do or to abstain from doing any act. 2. (a) On depositing its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, a State Party which is not a party to a treaty listed in the annex may declare that, in the application of this Convention to the State Party, the treaty shall be deemed not to be included in the annex referred to in paragraph 1, subparagraph (a). The declaration shall cease to have effect as soon as the treaty enter into force for the State Party, which shall notify the depositary of this fact; (b) When a State Party cease to be a party to a treaty listed in the annex, it may make a declaration as provided for in this article, with respect to that treaty. 3. For an act to constitut an offenc set forth in paragraph 1, it shall not be not cessary that the funds were actually used to carry out an offenc is referred to in paragraph 1, subparagraph (a) or (b). 4. Any person also commit an offenc if that person attempts to commit an offenc as set forth in paragraph 1 of this article. 5. Any person also commit an offenc if that person: (a) the axis of an accomplice Participat in an offenc as set forth in paragraph 1 or 4 of this article; (b) organizes or directs others to commit an offenc it as set forth in paragraph 1 or 4 of this article; (c) Contribute to the commission of one or more set forth in the axis of the offenc paragraphs 1 or 4 of this article by a group of persons acting with a common purpose. Such contribution shall be intentional and shall either: (i) Be made with the aim of furthering the criminal activity or criminal purpose of the group, where such activity or purpose involv the commission of an offenc as set forth in paragraph 1 of this article; or (ii) Be made in the knowledge of the intention of the group to commit an offenc as set forth in paragraph 1 of this article. Article 3 this Convention shall not apply where the offenc is committed within a single State, the alleged offender is a national of the of that State and is present in the territory of that State and no other State has a basis under article 7, paragraph 1, or article 7, paragraph 2, to exercise jurisdiction, except that the provision be of articles 12 to 18 shall , as appropriate, apply in those cases. Article 4 Each State Party shall adop a such measure may not be the axis of the cessary: (a) To establish as criminal under its domestic law the offenc the offenc's set forth in article 2; (b) To make those punishabl of the offenc by appropriate penalties which take into account the grave nature of the offenc. Article 5 1. Each State Party, in accordanc with its domestic legal principles, shall take the measure to enable the cessary a legal entity located in its territory or organized under its laws to be held when a person liabl responsible for the management or control of that legal entity has, in that capacity, committed an offenc set forth in article 2 may be criminal liability, Such civil or administrative. 2. Such liability is incurred without prejudice to the criminal liability of the individual having committed the offenc. 3. Each State Party shall, in particular, ensur that legal entities to liabl in accordanc with paragraph 1 above are subject to effective, proportionat and dissuasiv in criminal, civil or administrative sanctions. Such sanctions may include monetary sanctions. Article 6 Each State Party shall adop a such measure may not be the axis of the cessary, including, where appropriate, domestic legislation, to ensur that criminal acts within the scope of this Convention are under from the justifiabl circumstanc by considerations of a political, philosophical, ideological, racial, ethnic, religious or other similar nature. Article 7 1. Each State Party shall take such measure may not be the axis of the cessary to establish its jurisdiction over the set forth in of the offenc article 2 when: (a) the offenc is committed in the territory of that State; (b) the offenc is committed on board a vessel flying the flag of that State or an aircraft registered under the laws of that State at the time the offenc is committed; (c) the offenc is committed by a national of that State. 2. A State Party may also establish its jurisdiction over any such offenc when: (a) the offenc was directed towards or resulted in the carrying out of an offenc is referred to in article 2, paragraph 1, subparagraph (a) or (b), in the territory of or against a national of that State; (b) the offenc was directed towards or resulted in the carrying out of an offenc is referred to in article 2, paragraph 1, subparagraph (a) or (b), against a State or Government facility of that State abroad, including diplomatic or consular premises of that State; (c) the offenc was directed towards or resulted in an offenc is referred to in article 2, paragraph 1, subparagraph (a) or (b), committed in an attempt to compel that State to do or abstain from doing any act; (d) the offenc is committed by a stateles person who has his or her habitual residence in the territory of that State; (e) the offenc is committed on board an aircraft which is operated by the Government of that State. 3. Upon ratifying, accepting, approving or acceding to this Convention, each State Party shall notify the Secretary-General of the United Nations of the jurisdiction it has established in accordanc with paragraph 2 Should any change take place, the State Party concerned shall immediately notify the Secretary-General. 4. Each State Party shall take such a likewis measure may not be the axis of its jurisdiction over the cessary establish the offenc set forth in the article 2 in cases where the alleged offender is present in its territory and it does not that person to any extradit of the States parties that have established their jurisdiction in accordanc with paragraphs 1 or 2.5. When more than one State Party claims jurisdiction over the set forth in the article of the offenc 2 , the relevant States parties shall to the their line striv actions appropriately, in particular concerning the conditions for prosecution and the mutual legal assistance for modalit. 6. Without prejudice to the norms of general international law, this Convention does not exclude the exercise of any criminal jurisdiction established by a State Party in accordanc with its domestic law. Article 8 1. Each State Party shall take the appropriate measure, in accordanc with its domestic legal principles, for the identification, detection and freezing or chicken pox vaccine and of any funds used or allocated for the purpose of committing the offenc's set forth in article 2 as well as the proceed is derived from such offenc, for purpose of possible forfeitures imposed. 2. Each State Party shall take the appropriate measure, in accordanc with its domestic legal principles, for the forfeitures imposed of funds used or allocated for the purpose of committing the offenc's set forth in article 2 and the proceed is derived from such offenc. 3. Each State Party concerned may give concluding agreements on the considerations it sharing with other States parties, on a regular or case-by-case basis, of the funds derived from the forfeitures imposed on it by the referred in this article. 4. Each State Party shall consider establishing mechanisms whereby the funds derived from the forfeitures imposed on it by the referred in this article are utilized to compensat the victim of the offenc referred to in article 2, paragraph 1, subparagraph (a) or (b), or their families. 5. The provision of this article shall be implemented without prejudice to the rights of third parties acting in good faith. Article 9 1. Upon receiving information that a person who has committed or who is alleged to have committed an offenc set forth in article 2 may be present in its territory, the State Party concerned shall take such measure may not be the axis of the cessary under its domestic law to investigat the facts led in the information. 2. Upon being satisfied that the warrant, the SOA circumstanc the State Party in whose territory the offender or alleged offender is present shall take the appropriate measure under its domestic law the so sharp to ensur that personal presence for the purpose of prosecution or extradition. 3. Any person regarding whom the measure referred to in paragraph 2 of the being taken shall be entitled to: (a) communicate without delay with the ares not the appropriate representative of the State of which that person is a national or which is otherwise entitled to protect that person or, if the rights that a person is a person, of a stateles the State in the territory of which that person habitually resident programs; (b) Be visited by a representative of that State; (c) Be informed of the person rights under subparagraph (a) and (b). 4. The rights referred to in paragraph 3 shall be exercised in conformity with the laws and regulations of the State in the territory of which the offender or alleged offender is present, subject to the provision that the said laws and regulations must enable full effect to be given to the purpose for which the rights accorded under paragraph 3 are intended. 5. The provision of paragraphs 3 and 4 shall be without prejudice to the right of any State Party having a claim to jurisdiction in accordanc with article 7, paragraph 1, subparagraph (b), or paragraph 2, subparagraph (b), to invite the International Committee of the Red Cross to communicate with and visit the alleged offender the. 6. When a State Party, pursuan to the present article, has taken a person into custody, it shall immediately notify, directly or through the Secretary-General of the United Nations, the States parties which have established jurisdiction in accordanc with article 7, paragraph 1 or 2, and, if it consider it advisabl, any other interested States parties, of the fact that such person is in custody and of the warrant to that of which circumstanc person = s detention. The State which makes the investigation contemplated in paragraph 1 shall promptly inform the said States parties of its finding and shall indicates the whethers it intends to exercise jurisdiction. Article 10 1. The State Party in the territory of which the alleged offender is present shall, in cases to which article 7 applies, if it does not that person, be extradit obliged, without exception whatsoever and whethers or not the offenc was committed in its territory, to submit the case without delay to its competent of the undu to authorities for the purpose of prosecution, through proceedings in accordanc with the law of that State. Those authorities shall take their decision in the same manner as in the case of any other offenc of a grave nature under the law of that State. 2. Whenever a State Party is permitted under its domestic law to extradit or otherwise surrender one of its nationals only upon the condition that the person will be returned to that State to serve the line is imposed as a result of the trial or proceedings for which the extradition or surrender of the person was sought, and this State and the State seeking the extradition of the person agree with this option and other terms they may be appropriate de such a conditional extradition or surrender, shall be sufficient to discharge the obligation set forth in paragraph 1. Article 11 1. The set of the offenc forth in article 2 shall be deemed to be included as a extraditabl in any extradition treaty existing offenc between any of the States parties before the entry into force of this Convention. States parties to include such undertak offenc extraditabl is the axis of the offenc in every extradition treaty to be subsequently concluded between them. 2. When a State Party which makes extradition conditional on the existenc of a treaty receive a request for extradition from another State Party with which it has extradition treaty, the requested of the State Party may, at its option, consider this Convention as a legal basis for extradition in respect of the offenc's set forth in article 2 shall be Extradition subject to the other conditions provided by the law of the requested State. 3. States parties which do not make extradition conditional on the existenc of a treaty shall recognize the offenc set forth in the article on 2 axes of the offenc extraditabl between themselves, subject to the conditions provided by the law of the requested State. 4. If not, the cessary offenc set forth in the article 2 shall be treated, for the purpose of extradition between States parties, as if they had been committed not only in the place in which they occurred but also in the territory of the States that have established jurisdiction in accordanc with article 7, paragraphs 1 and 2. The provision of all extradition arrangements between treats and States parties with regards to the set forth in offenc article 2 shall be deemed to be modified as between States parties to the exten to that ut300r2u incompatibl with this Convention. Article 12 1. States parties shall afford one another the greatest measure of assistance in connection with criminal investigations or criminal or extradition proceedings in respect of the offenc's set forth in article 2, including assistance in obtaining evidence in their possession not cessary for the proceedings. 2. States parties may note a request for mutual refus legal assistance on the ground of bank secrecy. 3. The requesting Party shall not transmit nor use information or evidence furnished by the requested Party for investigations, prosecution or proceedings other than those stated in the request without the prior consent of the requested Party of the. 4. Each State Party may give considerations to establishing mechanisms to share with other States parties information or evidence needed to establish criminal, civil or administrative liability pursuan to article 5 5. States parties shall carry out their obligations under paragraphs 1 and 2 in conformity with any treats or others subject to mutual legal assistance on or information exchange that may exist between them. In the absence of such treats to or arrangements, States parties shall afford one another assistance in accordanc with their domestic law. Article 13 none of the offenc's set forth in article 2 shall be regarded, for the purpose of extradition or mutual legal assistance, as a fiscal offenc. Accordingly, States parties may note a request for extradition refus or for mutual legal assistance on the sole ground that it concerns a fiscal offenc. Article 14 none of the offenc's set forth in article 2 shall be regarded for the purpose of extradition or mutual legal assistance as a political or as an offenc offenc is connected with a political or as an offenc offenc is inspired by political motivated. Accordingly, a request for extradition or for mutual legal assistance based on such an offenc» may not be refused on the sole ground that it concerns a political or an offenc offenc is connected with a political or an offenc offenc is inspired by political motivated. Article 15 Nothing in this Convention shall be interpreted as imposing an obligation to afford mutual extradit or their legal assistance, if the requested State Party has substantial grounds for believing that the request for extradition for the set forth offenc in article 2 or for mutual legal assistance with respect to such of the offenc has been made for the purpose of prosecuting or punishing a person on account of that person in the race religion, nationality, ethnic origin or political opinion or that compliance with the request would cause prejudice to that person in the position for any of these reasons. Article 16 1. (A) the person who is being detained or is serving a line in the territory of one State Party whose presence in another State Party is requested for the purpose of identification, news article or otherwise providing assistance in obtaining evidence for the investigation or prosecution of the offenc set forth in article 2 may be transferred if the following conditions are met : (a) the person freely give of his or her informed consent; (b) the competent authorities of both States to agree, subject to such conditions as those States may be appropriate de. 2. For the purpose of the present article: (a) the State to which the person is transferred shall have the authority and obligation to keep the person transferred in custody, unless otherwise requested or authorized by the by the State from which the person was transferred; (b) the State to which the person is transferred shall without delay its obligations it implementations that return the person to the custody of the State from which the person was transferred as agreed beforehand, or as otherwise agreed, by the competent authorities of both States to; (c) the State to which the person is transferred shall not require the State from which the person was transferred to initiat the extradition proceedings for the return of the person; (d) the person transferred shall receive credit for service of the line is being served in the State from which he or she was transferred for time to spen in the custody of the State to which he or she was transferred. 3. Unless the State Party from which a person is to be transferred in accordanc with the present article so agree, that person, whatever his or her nationality, shall not be prosecuted or detained or subjected to any other restriction of his or her personal liberty in the territory of the State to which that person is transferred in respect of acts or convictions anterior to his or her departure from the territory of the State from which such person was transferred. Article 17 Any person who is taken into custody or regarding whom any other measure taken or proceedings with the carried out to this Convention shall pursuan be guaranteed fair treatment, including enjoymen of all rights and guarantee in conformity with the law of the State in the territory of which that person is present and applicable provision of international law , including international human rights law. Article 18 1. States parties shall cooperate in the prevention of the offenc's set forth in article 2 by taking all the practicabl measure, inter alia, by adapting their domestic legislation, if not, to prevent and counter cessary preparation in their respectiv of territories for the commission of those offenc within or outside their territories, including: (a) Measure the prohibi in their territories illegal activities of persons and organizations that knowingly encourag- , instigat, organize or engage in the commission of the set forth in offenc article 2; (b) the Measure requiring the financial institutions and others involved in financial transactions by profession it utilizes the most efficient measure of available for the identification of their usual or occasional customers, as well as customers in whose interest accounts are opened, and to pay special attention to unusual or of transactions and suspicio report transactions suspected of stemming from a criminal activity. For this purpose, States parties shall consider: (i) Adopting regulations prohibiting the opening of accounts by the holder or to the unidentified beneficiar of which or unidentifiabl, and measure to ensur that such institutions verify the identity of the real owners of such transactions;     (ii) With respect to the identification of legal entities, requiring financial institutions, when not, they take the measure of the cessary to verify the legal existenc and the structure of the customer by obtaining, either from a public register or from the customer or both, proof of incorporation, including information concerning the customer name, legal form, address, directors and provision for regulating the power to bind the entity;     (iii) Adopting regulations imposing on financial institutions the obligation to report promptly to the competent authorities all complex, unusual to large transactions and unusual patterns of transactions, which have no apparen economics or lawful purpose help me?, without fear of assuming criminal or civil liability for breach of any restriction on disclosure of information if they report their suspicion in good faith;     (iv) Requiring financial institutions to maintain, for at least five years, all records on transactions not cessary, both domestic or international. 2. States parties shall further cooperate in the prevention of the offenc set forth in article 2 by considering: (a) Measure for the supervision, including, for example, the licensing, of all money-transmission agencies; (b) a measure of the Feasibl to detect or monitor the physical cross-border transportation of cash and bearer negotiable instruments, subject to strict safeguards to ensur proper use of information and without impeding in any way the freedom of capital movement. 3. States parties shall further cooperate in the prevention of the offenc's set forth in article 2 by exchanging accurate and verified information in accordanc with their domestic law and coordinating administrative and other measure taken, as appropriate, of the preven the commission set forth in of the offenc article 2, in particular by: (a) Establishing and maintaining channels of communication between their competent agencies and services to facilitat the secure and rapid exchange of information concerning all aspects of the set of the offenc forth in article 2; (b) Cooperating with one another in conducting inquires, with respect to the set of the offenc forth in article 2, concerning: (i) the identity, the whereabout of and activities of persons in respect of whom reasonable suspicion exists that they are involved in such offenc;     (ii) the movement of funds relating to the commission of such offenc. 4. States parties may exchange information through the International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol). Article 19 the State Party where the alleged offender is prosecuted shall, in accordanc with its domestic law or applicable procedures, communicate the final outcome of the proceedings to the Secretary-General of the United Nations, who shall transmit the information to the other States parties. Article 20 the States parties shall carry out their obligations under this Convention in a manner consistent with the principles of sovereign equality and territorial integrity of States and that of non-intervention in the domestic affairs of other States. Article 21 Nothing in this Convention shall be affec others rights, obligations and responsibilities of States under international law, individual and in particular the purpose of the Charter of the United Nations, international humanitarian law and other relevant convention. Article 22 Nothing in this Convention of a State Party it entitl undertak in the territory of another State Party the exercise of jurisdiction or performance of functions which are exclusively reserved for the authorities of that other State Party by its domestic law. Article 23 1. The annex may be amended by the addition of relevant treats that: (a) open to the participation of all States; (b) have entered into force; (c) have been ratified, accepted, approved or acceded to by at least twenty-two States parties to the present Convention. 2. After the entry into force of this Convention, any State Party may by such an amendment proposes. Any proposal for an amendment shall be communicated to the depositary in written form. The depositary shall notify proposals that meet the requirements of paragraph 1 to all States parties and seek their views on the proposed whethers amendment should be adopted. 3. The proposed amendment shall be deemed adopted unless one third of the States parties object to it by a written notification not later than 180 days after its circulation. 4. The adopted amendment to the annex shall enter into force 30 days after the deposit of the twenty-second instrument of ratification, acceptance or approval of such amendment for all those States parties having deposited such an instrument. For each State Party ratifying, accepting or approving the amendment after the deposit of the twenty-second instrument, the amendment shall enter into force on the thirtieth day after deposit by such State Party of its instrument of ratification, acceptance or approval. Article 24 1. Any dispute between two or more States parties concerning the interpretation or application of this Convention which cannot be settled through negotiation within a reasonable time shall, at the request of one of them, be submitted to arbitration. If, within six months from the date of the request for arbitration, the parties are unable to agree on the organization of the arbitration, any one of those parties may refer the dispute to the International Court of Justice, by application, in conformity with the Statute of the Court. 2. Each State may at the time of signature, ratification, acceptance or approval of this Convention or accession declare that it shall theret does not consider itself bound by paragraph 1. The other States parties shall not be bound by paragraph 1 with respect to any State Party which has made such a reservation. 3. Any State which has made a reservation in accordanc with paragraph 2 may at any time withdraw that reservation by notification to the Secretary-General of the United Nations. Article 25 1 this Convention shall be open. for signature by all States from 10 January 2000 to 31 December 2001 at United Nations Headquarters in New York. 2. This Convention is subject to ratification, acceptance or approval. The instrument of ratification, acceptance or approval shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations. 3. This Convention shall be open to accession by any State. The instrument of accession shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations. Article 26 1 shall enter the Convention. this into force on the thirtieth day following the date of the deposit of the twenty-second instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession with the Secretary-General of the United Nations. 2. For each State ratifying, accepting, approving or acceding to the Convention after the deposit of the twenty-second instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, the Convention shall enter into force on the thirtieth day after deposit by such State of its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession. Article 27 1. Any State Party may denounc this Convention by written notification to the Secretary-General of the United Nations. 2. Denunciation shall take effect one year following the date on which notification is received by the Secretary-General of the United Nations. Article 28 the original of this Convention, of which the Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish texts are equally authentic, shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations who shall send certified cop to it all States thereof. In WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned, being duly authorized by the by their respectiv theret in Governments, have signed this Convention, opened for signature at United Nations Headquarters in New York on 10 January 2000.

Annexe 1. Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful chicken pox vaccine and of aircraft, done at the Hague on 16 December 1970 2. Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful acts against the Safety of Civil Aviation, the done at Montreal on 23 September 1971 3. Convention on the Prevention and punishment of crimes against Internationally Protected Persons, including Diplomatic agents, adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 14 December 1973.4. International Convention against the Taking of the Hostag , adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 17 December 1979.5. Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material, adopted at Vienna on 3 March 1980 6. Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful acts of violence at airports Serving International Civil Aviation, supplementary to the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful acts against the Safety of Civil Aviation, the , done at Montreal on 24 February 1988 7. Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful acts against the Safety of Maritime Navigation, done at Rome on 10 March 1988 8. Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful acts against the Safety of Fixed Platforms located on the Continental Shelf, on the done at Rome on 10 March 1988 9. International Convention for the Suppression of Terrorist in the News , adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 15 December 1997.

The International Convention for the Suppression of the financing of terrorism Adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on 9 December 1999 the resolution No 54/109 preamble the Member States of the Convention, recognizing the United Nations Charter objectives and principles with regard to international peace and security and good neighbourly and friendly relations and cooperation among States, being seriously worried about the growth of terrorist acts throughout the world in all its forms and manifestations Referring to the statement on the occasion of the United Nations fiftieth anniversary, which included the General Assembly on 24 October 1995, in its resolution No. 50/6, referring to all the more important for the General Assembly resolutions on this issue, including on 9 December 1994, resolution 49/60 and its annex on the Declaration on measures to combat international terrorism, in which United Nations Member States solemnly confirmed the clear condemnation of all acts of terrorism , methods and activities, recognizing them as criminal and unjustifiable, regardless of where and what they have done, including those which jeopardize the friendly relations among States and peoples and threaten the territorial integrity and national security, noting that the Declaration on measures to combat international terrorism encouraged States to review urgently the existing international legal regulations on the prevention of terrorism, the fight against oppression and in all its forms and manifestations to provide a comprehensive legislative base, which covers all aspects of this question, referring to the General Assembly of 17 December 1996, resolution 51/210 of part 3 (f), in which the Assembly called upon all countries to take action to the appropriate internal measures to prevent and combat terrorist and terrorist organization, regardless of whether the financing is direct or indirect with such organizations, which have or claim that they are also charitable, social or cultural goals or which are also involved in illegal activities such as the illegal movement of arms, drug trafficking and racketeering, including use of persons for financing terrorist activity and, in particular, to consider, where appropriate, to adopt legislation to prevent and combat the financial means, which are suspected for terrorist purposes, does not in any way hinder legitimate capital movements and to intensify the exchange of information on the international movement of such features with reference also to the General Assembly on 15 December 1997 a resolution No 52/165, in which the Assembly called upon States to consider in particular the 17 December 1996 resolution No. 51/210 part 3 (a) to (f) the implementation of the measures laid down in points, with reference also to the General Assembly on 8 December 1998 resolution 53/108, of no in which the Assembly decided that ad hoc Committee, established by the General Assembly of 17 December 1996, resolution 51/210, of no need to draw up a draft International Convention on the fight against terrorist financing, to complement the existing international provisions, being aware that the financing of terrorism is a serious problem, which applies to the entire international community, indicating that the number of acts of international terrorism and the severity depends on the financing that terrorists can obtain, including the that existing multilateral legal instruments do not specifically address such financing, being convinced of the urgent need to strengthen international cooperation between States in the development and effective measures, to prevent the financing of terrorism, as well as its combat with the persecution and punishment of offenders, have agreed as follows: article 1 the purposes of this Convention: 1. "funds" means any tangible or intangible property, movable or immovable, as well as any form of legal documents or legislation , including electronic or digital, evidencing title to or interest in such property, including bank loans, travel cheques, bank cheques, payment orders, shares, securities, promissory notes, checks, letters of credit, but not limited to them. 2. "State or Government facility" means any permanent or temporary objects or the means of transport used or which keeps the national representatives of Governments, legislative body or bodies of the members of the Court, as well as the State or any other public authority or entity or by employees or officials of an intergovernmental organization or officials in connection with their official duties. 3. the "income" means any funds derived or obtained, directly or indirectly, with any offence referred to in article 2. 2. Article 1. any person within the meaning of this Convention commits an offence if that person by any means, directly or indirectly, unlawfully and knowingly provide or collect funds with the purpose to be used or knowing that they will be used, in full or in part, to: (a) that is an offence, as determined and defined in one of the treaties listed in the annex; or (b) any other transaction with the intent to cause death or to cause serious injury to a civilian or to any other person who does not participate actively in hostilities in the event of armed conflict, when the purpose of such action by its nature or context, is intimidation of the population or a Government or international organisation to perform the compulsion or to refrain from it. 2. (a) by submitting its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession by Member States not listed in annex I a member, may declare that the application of this Convention in relation to a given Member State, the contract is considered to be not included in the annex referred to in point (a). Such notification shall cease to apply immediately following the date of entry into force of the Treaty in the territory of a Member State shall notify to the depositary; (b) when the Member is no longer a member of the Treaty referred to in the annex, it may make a statement in relation to this agreement, as set out in this article. 3. for an act to be considered an offence under part 1, there is no need for means of actually used in committing the offence referred to in subparagraph 1 (a) and (b) in points. 4. any person also commits an offence if it attempts to commit an offence referred to in part 1 of this article. 5. any person also commits an offence if that person: (a) participate in the the accomplice of the crime referred to in article 1 or 4 of this part; (b) organizes or directs another person committing a criminal offence referred to in paragraph 1 or 4 of this part; (c) provide certain types of assistance to a group of persons acting with a common purpose, one or more criminal offences for the purpose mentioned in article 1 or 4 of this part. Such assistance is considered to be action taken with the intention of which is: (i) either with the aim of promoting this group of criminal activities or criminal objectives which such activities or objectives with this part of article a of the crime; or (ii) knowing the purpose of this group to do some part 1 of this article of the criminal offence referred to in. Article 3 this Convention shall not apply in cases where a criminal offence is committed within a single State, the alleged criminal offence when the offender is a national of that State and is in the territory of that State and no other State has a basis under article 7 of part 1 or part 2 of article 7 to apply the jurisdiction, except where it is possible to apply article 12 to 18. Article 4 each Member State shall take the necessary measures to: (a) in their national laws referred to in article 2 a criminal offence intended as a criminal; (b) determine that these offences are punishable by appropriate penalties, taking into account the gravity of the offence. 5. Article 1 each Member State shall, in accordance with their national legal principles, shall take the measures necessary to be able to claim the responsibility of legal persons located in its territory or organized under its laws, of a person who is responsible for the management of the legal person or the control while in this post, has done some of the referred to in article 2 a criminal offence. This liability may be criminal, civil or administrative. 2. Such liability occurs, without prejudice to the criminal liability of natural persons who committed this criminal offences. 3. Each Member State shall ensure that its legal personality, in accordance with the above part 1 is subject to the liability would be subject to effective, proportionate and dissuasive criminal, civil or administrative sanctions. Such sanctions may include monetary sanctions. Article 6 each Member State shall take the necessary measures, including if necessary by also national legislation, to ensure that criminal acts within the meaning of this Convention cannot in any circumstances be justified by political, philosophical, ideological, racial, ethnic, religious or other similar reasons. 7. Article 1 each Member State shall take the necessary measures to establish its jurisdiction over referred to in article 2 offences if: (a) the criminal offence is committed in the territory of the country; (b) the criminal offence is committed on board a vessel flying the flag of that country, or in a plane, which at the time the crime has been registered in accordance with the laws of this State; (c) a criminal offence is committed by a citizen of that country. 2. a Member State may establish its jurisdiction over any such crime when: (a) a criminal offence was directed towards or results is the criminal offence referred to in article 2, part 1 (a) or (b), and in its territory or against its nationals; (b) a criminal offence was directed towards or results is the criminal offence referred to in article 2, part 1 (a) or (b) against the Government of that State or object, in the territory of another State, including against this country's diplomatic or consular representatives; (c) a criminal offence was directed towards or results is the criminal offence referred to in article 2, part 1 (a) or (b), as an attempt to compel that State to do or to refrain from any action; (d) a criminal offence is committed by a stateless person whose habitual residence is in the territory of that State; (e) a criminal offence is committed in an aircraft that is used for the State Government. 3. When ratifying, accepting, approving or acceding to this Convention, each Member State shall inform the Secretary-General of the United Nations of the jurisdiction it has established in accordance with part 2. If any changes are made, the Member State shall immediately inform the Secretary-general to them. 4. each Member State shall take the necessary measures to establish its jurisdiction over the article 2 offences referred to in cases where the alleged criminal offender is situated in its territory and shall not be issued to any of the Member States which have established their jurisdiction in accordance with paragraph 1 or 2. 5. when more than one Member State lays claim to jurisdiction over referred to in article 2 of the criminal offences, the Member States concerned shall endeavour to coordinate their actions appropriately, in particular concerning the conditions for prosecution and mutual legal assistance. 6. Without prejudice to general international law, this Convention does not exclude any criminal jurisdiction, established in that Member State in accordance with its national laws and regulations. 8. Article 1 each Member State shall, in accordance with their national legal principles, shall take the appropriate steps to identify the purposes of confiscation, discover, frozen and removed any features that are used or intended to be referred to in article 2 for the purpose of criminal offences, as well as following the progress of the crime. 2. Each Member State shall, in accordance with their national legal principles shall take the appropriate measures, which are used or intended for article 2 offences referred to in the offence, and such crime confiscation of income gained. 3. Each participating Member State may consider the possibility to conclude the agreement referred to in this article of the funds seized or regular instance-based distribution with other Member States. 4. each Member State shall consider the establishment of a mechanism that would allow those in this article seizures resulting funds be used for the compensation of part 1 of article 2 (a) and (b) referred to in the criminal to crime victims or their families. 5. The provisions of this article are implemented, without prejudice to the rights of third parties acting in good faith. 9. Article 1. After being informed that its territory could be the person who has committed or is suspected of referred to in article 2 a criminal offence, the Member States shall take all necessary measures in accordance with their national laws, to investigate the facts referred to in this information. 2. Verified that the conditions, the Member State in whose territory the criminal offender or alleged offender crime, take the appropriate measures in accordance with its national regulations to ensure that person's presence for the purpose of prosecution or extradition. 3. any person against whom it is directed to the measures referred to in part 2, shall be entitled: (a) communicate without delay with the nearest appropriate representative of the State whose citizen is the person, or for some other reason is asked of that person's rights or, if that person is a stateless person, with the representative of the State, within the territory of which that person is domiciled. (b) the representative of the country visits; (c) obtain information on their rights under (a) and (b). 4. the rights referred to in part 3 are applied in accordance with its national laws and regulations within the territory of which the perpetrator of the crime or the alleged perpetrator of the crime, provided that those laws and regulations to fully implement the legislation referred to in part 3 of the goals. 5. parts 3 and 4 of the rules do not harm the rights of the Member State which requests the opportunity to apply their jurisdiction in accordance with article 7 (b) of part 1 or part 2 of paragraph (b), to invite the International Committee of the Red Cross to communicate with the alleged perpetrators of the crime and to visit it. 6. If a Member State in accordance with this article is the apcietinājus of a person, it shall, without delay, either directly or through the Secretary-General of the United Nations shall communicate through those Member States which established jurisdiction in accordance with article 7 of part 1 or 2, and, if deemed necessary, other interested Member States for the person's arrest and the circumstances that justify the person's detention. The State, which carries out the investigation referred to in part 1, shall immediately inform the aforementioned Member States of its findings and shall indicate whether going to jurisdiction. 1. Article 10 in cases covered by article 7, the Member State in whose territory the alleged offender of an offence, is obliged, if it fails the person, without exception and regardless of whether the criminal offence was committed in its territory, shall immediately refer the case to their competent authorities to initiate prosecution in accordance with the national laws and regulations. These institutions shall adopt its decision just like any other case, a serious crime under the laws of this State. 2. where a Member State in accordance with its national regulations, it is allowed to issue or otherwise put your citizen provided that this person will be sent back to that country for the sentence, the Court ordered, or the results of the investigation, which was requested for the purpose of extradition or transfer that person, and this State and the State of the requested extradition is agreed on this, and other conditions which they consider appropriate, such a conditional extradition or surrender shall be sufficient to void the obligations set out in part 1. 11. Article 1 referred to in article 2 offences are treated as criminal offences, for which the issue is fixed in any extradition treaty concluded between any of the Member States before the entry into force of this Convention. Member States undertake to include the offences of such criminal offences in the category for which the possible extradition, extradition agreements, in which all will be concluded between them. 2. If the Member State which established that the issue depends on the existence of a treaty receives a request for extradition, from another Member State, with which it has no extradition treaty, a Member State may, at the request of their choice to consider this Convention as the legal basis for extradition in respect of article 2 of the said criminal offences. The output is independent of the other terms set by the request received the national law. 3. Member States which have not established that the issue depends on the existence of the contract between themselves recognise that referred to in article 2 offences are included in the category of criminal offences for which extradition is established, depending on the circumstances, what determines the demand received the national law. 4. If necessary, referred to in article 2 offences in cases of extradition between Member States can be treated as if they had been committed not only in the place in which it occurred but also in the territory of those States that have established jurisdiction in accordance with article 7 of part 1 and 2. 5. All the Member States signed the Treaty of extradition agreements and provisions for article 2 offences referred to are to be considered as amended by road between Member States, in so far as they are incompatible with this Convention. 1. Article 12 Member States shall afford each other the greatest assistance in connection with criminal investigations or prosecution or extradition procedure for article 2 offences referred to, including assistance at their disposal necessary for the proceedings in the taking of evidence. 2. Member States may not refuse a request for mutual legal assistance on the basis of banking privacy. 3. the requesting Member State shall disclose the request received, provided the Member State investigation, prosecution or judicial proceedings information or evidence, and do not use it for other purposes, and only in the request, without the request received the prior consent of the parties. 4. each Member State may consider the possibility of establishing a mechanism of the information or evidence required for criminal, civil or administrative liability for the establishment in accordance with article 5, the Exchange with other Member States. 5. Member States shall fulfil their part 1 and 2. obligations under all agreements concluded between them or other arrangements on mutual legal assistance or information exchange. If such a contract or arrangement is not, Member States shall provide each other assistance in accordance with their national laws. Article 13 none of the article 2 offences referred to are not considered financial crime issues of extradition or mutual legal assistance. Accordingly, Member States may not refuse a request for extradition or mutual legal assistance just because it applies to financial crime. Article 14 article 2 none of the criminal offences referred to are not regarded as political criminal offence or an offence connected with a political crime or a political motive to trigger criminal offence for extradition or mutual legal assistance. Accordingly may refuse a request for extradition or mutual legal assistance in connection with such offences merely because it relates to political offences or an offence connected with a political crime or a political motive to trigger a criminal offence. Article 15 nothing in this Convention shall be construed as a binding obligation to issue or to provide mutual legal assistance, if the request received the Member State has sufficient reason to believe that the request for extradition or mutual legal assistance in connection with article 2 of the said criminal offences, have been expressed in the reasons for persecution or punishment of a person in that person's race, religion, nationality, ethnic origin or political opinion boards or if such a request would require the person's condition a above reason. 16. Article 1. A Person who has been arrested or serving sentences in the territory of a single Member State, but whose presence is required in another Member State of identification, testimony or otherwise providing assistance in order to obtain evidence referred to in article 2, the investigation of offences or charges may be transferred, subject to the following provisions: (a) the person freely gives informed consent; (b) the competent authorities of both States shall agree on such terms and conditions as deemed suitable. 2. for the purposes of this article: (a) the State to which the person is transferred shall have the right and obligation to keep the person transferred in custody, unless the State from which that person is to be transferred, is not requested or otherwise detected; (b) the State to which that person is to be transferred, immediately implement its obligation to return the person to the country from which the person was transferred, in accordance with previous agreements, or in accordance with the competent institutions of both countries for other arrangements; (c) the State to which the person is transferred shall not require the State from which that person has been issued, the procedure initiated in that person's return; (d) the person transferred shall receive credit for a sentence in the country from which it was transferred, for the time spent in detention in the country to which it is transferred. 3. If the The Member State from which the person will be transferred in accordance with this article so agrees, that person, whatever their nationality, shall not be prosecuted or detained or subjected to any other restriction of personal liberty in the territory of the country to which it is transferred, due to the rules or the accusations before its departure from the country from which the person was transferred. Article 17 any person who has been arrested or in relation to which you have applied to any other measures or other proceedings in accordance with this Convention shall be guaranteed fair treatment, including all rights and guarantees in accordance with the laws of the State in whose territory that person resides, and the relevant provisions of international law, including international human rights. Article 18 1. Member States shall cooperate in the article 2 offences referred to prevention, taking all possible measures, inter alia, if necessary, adapting their national legislation, to prevent and counter preparations in their own territory the following criminal offences committed outside their territories, including: (a) measures to prohibit in their territories of all persons and the illegal activities of the Organization, which consciously support, uzkūd, organizing, referred to in article 2 committed the criminal offence or engaging in them; (b) measures requiring financial institutions and to members of other professions involved in financial transactions, make the most effective possible measures to identify their regular or incidental customers as well as customers in whose interest accounts are opened, and to pay particular attention to unusual or suspicious transactions and report any transactions suspected to result from criminal activities. Member States shall consider the following purposes: (i) the adoption of legislation prohibiting the opening of accounts whose holders or beneficiaries are not identified or not identified, and such measures are taken, which makes these institutions to check the real owners of such transactions identity; (ii) in relation to the identification of legal persons require that financial institutions need to take action in the event of the customer's legal existence and structure verification, resulting in either from the public registry or from the same client or from both of these sources of evidence of incorporation, including information concerning the customer's name, legal form, address, directors ' names and the rules governing the formation of the organisation powers; (iii) the adoption of the laws, which oblige financial institutions to report promptly to the competent authorities of all complex, unusual large transactions and unusual patterns of transactions which have no apparent economic or obviously lawful reason, not afraid to take on the criminal or civil liability for any breach of the secrecy of information if they report their suspicions in good faith; (iv) request to financial institutions for at least five years retains all of the required data on transactions both nationally and internationally. 2. Member States continue to work together to prevent the referred to in article 2 a criminal offence, considering: (a) measures to monitor, for example, all the money transfer agency licensing; (b) feasible measures to detect or monitor the physical movement of cash across borders and the truck means, subjecting them to rigorous security, to ensure the appropriate use of information, and in no way impeding the free movement of capital. 3. Member States shall further partnered 2. the criminal offence referred to in article 3, by exchanging accurate and verified information in accordance with their national laws and coordinating administrative and other measures taken measures necessary to eliminate the article 2 offences referred to, in particular: (a) establishing and maintaining channels of communication between their competent agencies and services to ensure the secure and rapid exchange of information concerning all referred to in article 2 a criminal offence; (b) cooperating with each other, making enquiries in connection with article 2 of the criminal offences referred to, in relation to: (i) the identity, whereabouts and activities of which are sufficient for a reasonable suspicion that they are involved in committing such criminal offence; (ii) the movement of financial resources in relation to such an offence. 4. the Member States may exchange information through the International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol). Article 19 the Member State in which the alleged criminal offender is charged, in accordance with their national laws and regulations or applicable procedures, communicate the final outcome of the proceedings to the Secretary-General of the United Nations, who shall notify the other Member States. Article 20 Member States shall fulfil their obligations under this Convention in accordance with the sovereign equality of States and the principles of territorial integrity and the principles concerning non-interference in other countries ' internal affairs. Article 21 nothing in this Convention shall affect other countries and the rights, duties and responsibilities in accordance with international law, especially the Charter of the United Nations, international humanitarian law and other similar conventions. Article 22 nothing in this Convention shall entitle a Member State to take jurisdiction of the application in the territory of another Member State or the exercise of its functions, in accordance with national regulations, the exclusive institution of the other Member State has competence. Article 23 Annex 1 may be amended, adding important contracts: (a) are open to the participation of all States; (b) have entered into force; (c) it has ratified, accepted, approved or acceded to by at least twenty-two Member States of this Convention. 2. After the entry into force of this Convention, the following amendments can be proposed by any Member State. Any proposal for amendment must be submitted to the depositary in writing. The depositary shall notify those proposals that meet the requirements of part 1, all Member States and to hear their views on the proposed amendments. 3. The proposed amendment shall be deemed adopted unless at least one third of the Member States not later than 180 days after the distribution is not submitted written objections against it. 4. the Adopted amendment to the annex shall enter into force 30 days after the twenty-second instrument of ratification, acceptance or approval of the submission of all those Member States which have submitted such acts. Each Member State which ratifies, accepts or approves this amendment after the twenty-second instrument, the amendment shall enter into force on the thirtieth day after the date on which that State deposits its instrument of ratification, acceptance or approval of the Act. 24. Article 1. Any dispute between Member States which relates to the interpretation or application of this Convention which cannot be resolved by negotiation within a reasonable time after the request of the Member State of one of these is submitted to arbitration. If within six months of the request for arbitration the parties are unable to agree on the Organization of the arbitration, any of those parties may refer the dispute to the International Court of Justice, in accordance with the Statute of the Court of Justice. 2. each State signing this Convention, instruments of ratification, acceptance or approval or acceding to, may declare that it does not consider itself bound by part 1. Other Member States are not bound by part 1 in respect of any party which has made such a reservation. 3. any State which has made a reservation in accordance with part 2, may at any time withdraw this reservation by notification to the Secretary-General of the United Nations. 25. Article 1 of the Convention. is open for signature by all States from 10 January 2000 to 31 December 2001, the United Nations Headquarters in New York. 2. this Convention is subject to ratification, acceptance or approval. The instrument of ratification, acceptance or approval shall be submitted to the Secretary-General of the United Nations. 3. This Convention shall be open for accession by any State. Accession are submitted to the Secretary-General of the United Nations. 26. Article 1 this Convention shall enter into force on the thirtieth day following the deposit of the twenty-second instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession was lodged with the Secretary-General of the United Nations. 2. for each State which ratifies, accepts or approves this Convention or accedes to it after the twenty-second instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, the Convention shall enter into force on the thirtieth day after the date on which that State deposits its instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession. Article 27 1. Any member may withdraw from this Convention by written notice to the Secretary-General of the United Nations. 2. Withdrawal shall be effective one year after the Secretary-General of the United Nations has received the notification. Article 28 of the Convention original, of which the Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish texts are equally authentic, shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations, who shall send certified copies to all the States. In witness whereof, the undersigned, their respective Governments as agents signed this Convention, which was opened for signature on 10 January 2000 at United Nations Headquarters in New York.

Annex 1 Convention for the unlawful seizure of aircraft, the Hague, adopted on December 16, 1970. 2. Convention on the fight against illegal activities that jeopardise the security of civil aviation, adopted at Montreal on 23 September 1971. 3. Convention on the prevention of crime against persons enjoying international protection, also against diplomatic agents and punish such crimes, adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on 14 December 1973. 4. International Convention against the taking of hostages, adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on 17 December 1979. 5. Convention on the physical protection of nuclear material, adopted in Vienna on 3 March 1980. 6. Protocol for the Suppression of unlawful acts of violence at airports serving international aviation, complementary to the Convention on the fight against illegal activities that jeopardise the security of civil aviation, adopted at Montreal on 24 February 1988. 7. Convention on unlawful activities against the safety of navigation, adopted in Rome on 10 March 1988. 8. Protocol on the illegal activity to strengthen the security of the platform in the continental shelf, adopted in Rome on 10 March 1988. 9. The International Convention on the fight against terrorist bombings Act, adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1997 on 15 December.