Advanced Search

For The Convention On Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution Protocol On Heavy Metals

Original Language Title: Par Konvencijas par robežšķērsojošo gaisa piesārņošanu lielos attālumos Protokolu par smagajiem metāliem

Subscribe to a Global-Regulation Premium Membership Today!

Key Benefits:

Subscribe Now for only USD$40 per month.
The Saeima has adopted and the national BR > President promulgated the following laws: the Convention on long-range transboundary air pollution Protocol on heavy metals, article 1. 13 November 1979 Convention on long-range transboundary air pollution Protocol on heavy metals (hereinafter referred to as the Protocol) with this law is adopted and approved. 2. article. The implementation of the Protocol, coordinated by the Ministry of the environment. 3. article. This Protocol shall enter into force on it in article 17 within the time and in order, and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs shall notify the newspaper "journal". 4. article. The law shall enter into force on the day following its promulgation. With the law put the Protocol in English, and its translation into Latvian language. The law adopted by the Parliament in December 2005 on April 14. State v. President Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga in Riga 2005 April 29 PROTOCOL TO the 1979 CONVENTION ON LONG-RANGE TRANSBOUNDARY AIR POLLUTION ON HEAVY metals the parties, Determined to implementations that the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution, Concerned that emission of certain heavy metal with the transported across national boundaries and may cause damage to ecosystems of environmental and economic importanc and may have harmful effects on human health , Considering that combustion and industrial processes with predominan to the anthropogenic sources of emission of heavy metals into the atmosphere, Acknowledging that heavy metal with a natural constituent of the Earth's crust and that many heavy metal in certain forms and appropriate registry with the essentials to life, Taking into considerations existing scientific and technical data on the geochemical processes, emission, atmospheric transport and effects on human health and the environment of heavy metals , as well as on abatemen techniques and Costa, aware that techniques and management practices available to reduce the air pollution caused by the emission of heavy metals, Recognizing that countries in the region of the Economic Commission for Europe United Nations (UN/ECE) have different economic conditions, and that in certain countries the economies in transition, to take the measure of them Resolved to anticipate to prevent or minimize emission of certain heavy metals and their related compounds, taking into account the application of the approach, as set forth the banks in principle 15 of the Rio Declaration on environment and development, Reaffirming that States have, in accordanc with the Charter of the United Nations and the principles of international law, the sovereign right to exploit their own resources to their own pursuan environmental and development policies , and the responsibility to ensur that activities within their jurisdiction or control do not cause damage to the environment of other States or of areas beyond the limits of national jurisdiction, Mindful that measure to control the emission of heavy metals would also contribute to the protection of the environment and human health in areas outside the UN/ECE region, including the Arctic and international waters , Noting that abating the emission of specific heavy metal may provide additional benefits for the abatemen of pollutant emission of others, aware that further and more effective action to control and reduce emission of certain heavy metals may be needed and that, for example, effects-based studies may provide a basis for further action, Noting the important contribution of the private and non-governmental sectors to knowledge of the effects associated with heavy metals , available alternatives and abatemen techniques, and their role in assisting in the reduction of emission of heavy metal, Bearing in mind the activities related to the control of heavy metals at the national level and in international forums, have agreed as follows: article 1 DEFINITION For the purpose of the present Protocol, 1. "Convention" means the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution , adopted in Geneva on 13 November 1979; 2. "EMEP" means the Cooperative Programme for Monitoring and Evaluation of the Long range Transmission of Air Pollutant-in Europe; 3. "Executive Body" means the Executive Body for the Convention constituted under article 10, paragraph 1, of the Convention; 4. "Commission" means the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe; 5. "parties" means, unless the context otherwise requires, the parties to the present Protocol; 6. "the Location scope of EMEP" means the area defined in article 1, paragraph 4, of the Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution on Long-term Financing of the Cooperative Programme for Monitoring and Evaluation of the Long range Transmission of Air Pollutant-in Europe (EMEP), adopted in Geneva on 28 September 1984; 7. "Heavy metal" means those metals or, in some cases, in which the metalloid stable and have a density greater than 4.5 g/cm3 and their compounds; 8. "Emission" means a release from a point or diffus source into the atmosphere; 9. "Stationary source" means any fixed building, structure, facility, installation, or equipment that are issued or may be a heavy metal listed in efia annex I directly or indirectly into the atmosphere; 10. "New stationary source" means any stationary source of which the construction or substantial modification is commenced after the expiry of two years from the date of entry into force of: (i) this Protocol; or (ii) an amendment to annex I or II, where the stationary source become the subject to the provision of this Protocol only by virtue of that amendment. It shall be a matter for the competent national authorities to decide whethers a modification is substantial or not, taking into account such factors as the environmental benefits of the modification; 11. "Major stationary source category" means any stationary source category listed in annex II that is and that's at least contribute one per cent to a Party's total emission from stationary sources of a heavy metal listed in annex I for the reference year specified in accordanc with annex i. Article 2 objective the objective of the present Protocol is to control emission of heavy metals caused by anthropogenic activities that are subject to long-range transboundary atmospheric transport and are likely to have significant adverse effects on human health or the environment, in accordanc with the provision of the following articles. Article 3 BASIC OBLIGATION 1. Each Party shall reduce its total annual emission into the atmosphere of each of the heavy metals listed in annex I from the level of the emission in the reference year set in accordanc with that annex by taking effective measure, appropriate to its particular circumstanc. 2. Each Party shall, no later than the specified in annex VI of the timescal, apply: (a) the best available techniques, taking into considerations annex III, to each new stationary source within a major stationary source category for which annex III to identify best available techniques; (b) the limit values specified in annex V to each new stationary source within a major stationary source category. (A) a Party may, as an alternative, apply different emission reduction strategies that achieve equivalent overall emission levels of; (c) the best available techniques, taking into considerations annex III, to each existing stationary source within a major stationary source category for which annex III to identify best available techniques. (A) a Party may, as an alternative, apply different emission reduction strategies that achieve equivalent overall emission reduction of; (d) the limit values specified in annex V to each existing stationary source within a major stationary source category, insofar as this is technically and economically feasibl. (A) a Party may, as an alternative, apply different emission reduction strategies that achieve equivalent overall emission reduction of. 3. Each Party shall apply product control measure in accordanc with the condition of specified in annex timescal and (VI). Each Party should consider applying 4 additional product management measure, taking into considerations annex VII. 5. Each Party shall develop and maintain emission inventor for the heavy metal listed in annex I, for those parties within the scope of EMEP, using location as a minimum the methodolog to specified by the Steering Body of EMEP , and, for those parties outside the scope of EMEP, using location as the guidance developed through the work on methodolog plan of the Executive Body. 6. A Party that, after applying paragraphs 2 and 3 above, cannot achieve the requirements of paragraph 1 above for a heavy metal listed in annex I, shall be exempted from its obligations in paragraph 1 above for that heavy metal. 7. Any Party whose total land area is greater than 6,000,000 km2 shall be exempted from its obligations in paragraphs 2 (b), (c) and (d) above, if it cant demonstrates that from later than eight years after the date of entry into force of the present Protocol, it will have reduced its total annual emission of each of the heavy metals listed in annex I from the source categories specified in annex II by at least 50 per cent from the level of emission from these categories in the reference year specified in accordanc with annex i. A Party that intends to act in accordanc with this paragraph shall so specify upon signature of, or accession to, the present Protocol. Article 4 Exchange OF INFORMATION AND TECHNOLOGY 1. The Parties shall, in a manner consistent with their laws, regulations and practices, the exchange of facilitat technologies and techniques designed to reduce emission of heavy metals, including but not limited to exchanges that encourag the development of product management measure and the application of best available techniques, in particular by promoting: (a) the commercial exchange of available technology; (b) direct industrial contacts and cooperation, including joint ventures; (c) the exchange of information and experience; and (d) the provision of technical assistance. 2. In promoting the activities specified in paragraph 1 above, the Parties shall create the conditions by facilitating favourabl contacts and cooperation among appropriate organizations and individual in the private and public sector that are capable of providing technology, design and engineering services, equipment or finance. Article 5 strategies, policies, PROGRAMMES AND MEASURE 1. Each Party shall develop, without delay, of the undu strategies, policies and programmes to discharge its obligations under the present Protocol. 2. A Party may, in addition: (a) Apply economic instruments to encourag the adoption of cost-effective approaches to the reduction of heavy metal emission; (b) Develop government/industry voluntary covenant and agreements; (c) Encourag the more efficient use of resources and raw materials; (d) the use of Encourag less polluting energy sources; (e) take a measure to develop and introduce less polluting transport systems; (f) take a measure to phase out certain heavy metal emitting processes where substitute processes are available on an industrial scale; (g) take a measure to develop and employ cleaner processes for the prevention and control of pollution. 3. The parties may take more than a measure of the stringen those required by the present Protocol. Article 6 RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND MONITORING the Parties shall encourag research, development, monitoring and cooperation, primarily focusing on the heavy metals listed in annex I, related, but not limited, to: (a) Emission, long-range transport and deposition levels and their modelling, existing levels in the Biotics and abiotic environment, the formulation of procedures for harmonizing relevant methodolog; (b) the pathway and inventor Pollutan in representative ecosystems; (c) relevant effects on human health and the environment, including quantification of those effects; (d) best available techniques and practices and emission control techniques currently employed by the parties or under development; (e) Collection, recycling and, if not, disposal of products or cessary waste-containing one or more heavy metal; (f) permitting considerations of Methodolog to socio-economic factors in the evaluation of alternative control strategies; (g) An effects-based approach which integrate the appropriate information, including information obtained under subparagraph (a) to (f) above, on measured or modelled environmental levels, pathway, and effects on human health and the environment, for the purpose of formulating future optimized control strategies which also take into account economic and technological factors; (h) alternatives to the use of heavy metals in products listed in annex VI and VII; (i) Gathering information on levels of heavy metals in certain products, on the potential for emission of those metals it occure during the manufacture, processing, distribution in Commerce, use, and disposal of the product, and on techniques to reduce such emission. Article 7 REPORTING 1. Subject to its laws, the confidentiality of each commercial information: (a) Each Party shall report, through the Executive Secretary of the Commission, to the Executive Body, on a periodic basis as determined by the parties meeting within the Executive Body, information on the measure that it has taken of their implementations that the present Protocol; (b) Each Party within the scope of EMEP shall location report, through the Executive Secretary of the Commission, to EMEP, on a periodic basis to be determined by the Steering Body of EMEP and approved by the parties at a session of the Executive Body, information on the levels of emission of the heavy metals listed in annex I, using as a minimum the methodolog to temporal and spatial resolution and the specified by the Steering Body of EMEP. Parties in areas outside the scope of EMEP location shall make available similar information to the Executive Body if requested to do so. In addition, each Party shall, as appropriate, collect and report relevant information relating to its emission of other heavy metal, taking into account the guidance on the methodolog and temporal and spatial resolution of the of the Steering Body of EMEP and the Executive Body. 2. The information to be reported in accordanc with paragraph 1 (a) above shall be in conformity with a decision regarding format and content to be adopted by the parties at a session of the Executive Body. The terms of this decision shall be reviewed as not to identify any additional elements cessary regarding the format or the content of the information that is to be included in the reports. 3. In good time before each annual session of the Executive Body, EMEP shall provide information on the long-range transport and deposition of heavy metals. Article 8 CALCULATION of EMEP shall, using appropriate models and measurements and in good time before each annual session of the Executive Body, provide to the Executive Body calculations of transboundary flux and deposition of heavy metals within the scope of EMEP location. In areas outside the scope of EMEP, the location models appropriate to the particular circumstanc of parties to the Convention shall be used. Article 9 compliance compliance by each Party with its obligations under the present Protocol shall be reviewed regularly. The Implementation Committee established by decision 1997/2 of the Executive Body as its fifteenth session shall carry out such reviews and report to the parties meeting within the Executive Body in accordanc with the terms of the annex to that decision, including any amendments to theret. Article 10 reviews BY the parties AT sessions OF the Executive BODY 1. The Parties shall, at sessions of the Executive Body, pursuan to article 10, paragraph 2 (a), of the Convention, review the information supplied by the parties, EMEP and other subsidiary bodies and the reports of the Implementation Committee referred to in article 9 of the present Protocol. 2. The Parties shall, at sessions of the Executive Body, keep under review the progress made towards meeting the obligations set out in the present Protocol. 3. The Parties shall, at sessions of the Executive Body, review the sufficiency and effectiveness of the obligations set out in the present Protocol. (a) Such reviews will take into account the best available scientific information on the effects of the deposition of heavy metals, assessments of technological developments, and changing economic conditions; (b) Such reviews will, in the light of the research, development, monitoring and cooperation undertaken under the present Protocol: (i) evaluate progress towards meeting the objective of the present Protocol; (ii) additional emission reduction of whethers evaluate beyond the levels required by this Protocol are warranted to reduce further the adverse effects on human health or the environment; and (iii) take into account the exten to which a satisfactory basis exists for the application of an effects-based approach; (c) the procedures, methods and timing for such reviews shall be specified by the parties at a session of the Executive Body. 4. The Parties shall, based on the conclusions of the reviews referred to in paragraph 3 above and as soon as practicabl after completion of the review, develop a work plan on further steps to reduce emission into the atmosphere of the heavy metals listed in annex II. Article 11 settlement OF DISPUTE 1. In the event of a dispute between any two or more parties concerning the interpretation or application of the present Protocol, the parties concerned shall seek a settlement of the dispute through negotiation or any other peaceful means of their own choice. The parties to the dispute shall inform the Executive Body of their dispute. 2. When ratifying, accepting, approving or acceding to the present Protocol, or at any time thereafter, a Party which is not a regional economic integration organization may declare in a written instrument submitted to the Depositary that, in respect of any dispute concerning the interpretation or application of the Protocol, it recognizes one or both of the following means of dispute settlement as compulsory of ipso facto and without special agreement in relations to any Party, accepting the same obligation: (a) Submission of the dispute to the International Court of Justice; (b) Arbitration in accordanc with procedures to be adopted by the parties at a session of the Executive Body, as soon as practicabl, in an annex on arbitration. A Party which is a regional economic integration organization may make a declaration with like effect in relations to arbitration in accordanc with the procedures referred to in subparagraph (b) above. 3. A declaration made under paragraph 2 above shall remain in force until it expires in accordanc with its terms or until three months after written notice of its revocation has been deposited with the Depositary. 4. A new declaration, a notice of revocation or the expiry of a declaration shall not in any way be affec proceedings pending before the International Court of Justice or the CAs tribunal, unless the parties to the dispute agree otherwise. 5. Except in a case where the parties to a dispute have accepted the same means of dispute settlement under paragraph 2, if after twelve months following notification by one Party to another that a dispute exists between them, the parties concerned have not been able to settle their dispute through the means mentioned in the paragraph 1 above, the dispute shall be submitted , at the request of any of the parties to the dispute, Acas. 6. For the purpose of paragraph 5, the commission shall (a) be created Acas. The commission shall be composed of equal numbers of members appointed by each Party concerned or, where the parties in Acas share the same interest, by the group sharing that interest, and a chairman chosen jointly by the members so appointed. The commission shall render a recommendatory award, which the Parties shall consider in good faith. Article 12 ANNEX the annex to the present Protocol shall form an integral part of the Protocol. Annexe III and VII are recommendatory in character. Article 13 AMENDMENTS TO the PROTOCOL Any Party proposes a 1 may amendments to the present Protocol. 2. the Proposed amendments shall be submitted in writing to the Executive Secretary of the the Commission, who shall communicate them to all parties. The parties meeting within the Executive Body shall discuss the proposed amendments at the next session, it provided that the proposals have been circulated by the Executive Secretary to the parties at least ninety days in advance. 3. Amendments to the present Protocol and to the annex I, II, IV, V and VI shall be adopted by consensus of the Parties present at a session of the Executive Body, and shall enter into force for the parties which have accepted them on the ninetieth day after the the date on which two thirds of the parties have deposited with the Depositary their instruments of acceptance thereof. The amendments shall enter into force for any other Party on the ninetieth day after the date on which that Party has deposited its instrument of acceptance thereof. 4. Amendments to annex III shall be adopted by the VII and the consensus of the Parties present at a session of the Executive Body. On the expiry of ninety days from the date of its communication to all parties by the Executive Secretary of the Commission, an amendment to any such annex shall become effective for those parties which have not submitted to the Depositary a notification in accordanc with the provision of paragraph 5 below, provided that at least sixteen Parties have not submitted such a notification. 5. Any Party that is unable to approve an amendment to annex III or VII shall so notify the Depositary in writing within ninety days from the date of the communication of its adoption. The Depositary shall without delay notify all parties of any such notification received. A Party may at any time substitute an acceptance for its previous notification and, upon deposit of an instrument of acceptance with the Depositary, the amendment to such an annex shall become effective for that Party. 6. In the case of a proposal to amend annex I, VI or VII by adding a heavy metal, a product control measure or a product or product group to the present Protocol: (a) the proposer shall provide the Executive Body with the information specified in Executive Body decision 1998/1, including any amendments to theret; and (b) the Parties shall evaluate the proposal in accordanc with the procedures set forth in Executive Body decision 1998/1, including any amendments to theret. 7. Any decision to amend Executive Body decision 1998/2 shall be taken by consensus of the parties meeting within the Executive Body and shall take effect sixty days after the date of adoption. Article 14 signature 1. The present Protocol shall be open for signature at Aarhus (Denmark) from 24 to 25 June 1998, then at United Nations Headquarters in New York until 21 December 1998, by States members of the Commission as well as States having consultative status with the Commission to paragraph 8 of pursuan Economic and Social Council resolution 36 (IV) of 28 March 1947 regional economic integration organization, by the Andes, constituted by sovereign States members of the Commission, which have competence in respect of the negotiation, conclusion and application of international agreements in matters covered by the Protocol, provided that the States and organizations concerned are parties to the Convention. 2. In matters within their competence, such regional economic integration organizations shall, on their own behalf, exercise the rights and fulfil the responsibilities which the present Protocol attributes to their member States. In such cases, the member States of these organizations shall not be entitled to exercise such rights individually. Article 15 RATIFICATION, acceptance, APPROVAL AND ACCESSION 1. The present Protocol shall be subject to ratification, acceptance or approval by the Signator. 2. The present Protocol shall be open for accession as from 21 December 1998 by the States and organizations that meet the requirements of article 14, paragraph 1 article 16 DEPOSITARY the instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations, who will perform the functions of Depositary. Article 17 ENTRY into force 1. The present Protocol shall enter into force on the ninetieth day following the date on which the sixteenth instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession has been deposited with the Depositary. 2. For each State and organization referred to in article 14, paragraph 1, which accept or approve ratif, of the present Protocol or accede the theret after the deposit of the sixteenth instrument of of the ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, the Protocol shall enter into force on the ninetieth day following the date of deposit by such Party of its instrument of ratification, acceptance , approval or accession. Article 18 WITHDRAWALS At any time after five years from the date on which the present Protocol has come into force with respect to a Party, that Party may withdraw from it by giving written notification to the Depositary. Any such withdrawals shall take effect on the ninetieth day following the date of its receipt by the Depositary, or on such later date as may be specified in the notification of the withdrawals. Article 19 AUTHENTIC texts the original of the present Protocol, of which the English, French and Russian texts are equally authentic, shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations. In witness where of the undersigned, being duly authorized, have signed the theret the present Protocol. Done at Aarhus (Denmark), this twenty-fourth day of June, one thousand nine hundred and ninety-eight.

Annex I REFERED TO IN the HEAVY METAL article 3, PARAGRAPH 1, AND the reference YEAR FOR the OBLIGATION Heavy metal reference year 1990 Cadmi (Cd); or an alternative year from 1985 to 1995 inclusive, specified by a Party upon ratification, acceptance, approval or accession.

Lead (Pb) in 1990; or an alternative year from 1985 to 1995 inclusive, specified by a Party upon ratification, acceptance, approval or accession.

Mercury (Hg) in 1990; or an alternative year from 1985 to 1995 inclusive, specified by a Party upon ratification, acceptance, approval or accession.

Annex II the STATIONARY source categories (I). INTRODUCTION 1. Installation or parts of installation for research, development and the testing of new products and processes are not covered by this annex. 2. The threshold values given below generally refer to production capacities or output to. Where one operator carr out several activities falling under the same subheading at the same installation or the same site, the capacities of such activities are to be added together. II. List OF categories Category Description of the category 1 with a Combustion installation net rated thermal input exceeding 50 MW.

2 Metal ore (including sulphid or) or concentrate roasting or sintering installation of a capacity exceeding 150 with tonnes of sinter per day for ferro-ore or concentrate, and 30 tonnes of sinter per day for the roasting of copper, lead or zinc, or any gold and mercury ore treatment.

3 Installation for the production of pig-iron or steel (primary or secondary fusion, including electric arc furnac) including continuous casting, with a capacity exceeding 2.5 tons per hour.

4 Ferro metals with a production capacity exceeding foundr to 20 tonnes per day.

5 Installation for the production of copper, lead and zinc from ore, concentrate or secondary raw materials by metallurgical processes with a capacity exceeding 30 tonnes of metal per day for primary installation and 15 tonnes of metal per day for secondary installation, or for any primary production of mercury.

6 Installation for the smelting (refining, foundry casting, etc.), including the alloying, of copper, lead and zinc, including recovered products, with a melting capacity exceeding 4 tonnes per day for lead or 20 tonnes per day for copper and zinc.

7 Installation for the production of cement clinker in rotary kiln with a production capacity exceeding 500 tonnes per day or in others with a production capacity exceeding furnac of 50 tonnes per day.

8 Installation for the manufacture of glass using lead in the process with a melting capacity exceeding 20 tonnes per day.

9 Installation for chlor-alkal productions by electrolys by using the mercury cell process.

10 Installation for the incineration of hazardous or medical waste with a capacity exceeding 1 tonne per hour, or for the co-incineration of hazardous or medical waste specified in accordanc with national legislation.

11 Installation for the incineration of municipal waste with a capacity exceeding 3 tonnes per hour, or for the co-incineration of municipal waste specified in accordanc with national legislation.

Annex III best available techniques FOR CONTROLLING EMISSION OF HEAVY METALS AND THEIR compounds FROM the source categories LISTED IN ANNEX II (I) INTRODUCTION This annex 1 aims to provide Parties with guidance on identifying best available techniques for stationary sources to enable them to meet the obligations of the Protocol. 2. "best available techniques" (BAT) means the most effective and advanced stage in the development of activities and their methods of operation which indicates the suitability of particular practical techniques for providing in principle the basis for emission limit values designed to prevent and, where that is not practicabl, it generally reduce emission and their impact on the environment as a whole :-' Techniques ' includes both the technology used and the way in which the installation is designed, built, maintained, operated and decommissioned; -' Available ' techniques means those developed on a scale which allows implementation in the relevant industrial sector, under economically and technically viabl condition, taking into considerations the Costa and advantage, whethers or not the techniques are used or produced inside the territory of the Party in question, as long as they are reasonably accessible to the operator; -' Best ' means most effective in achieving a high general level of protection of the environment as a whole. In determining the best available techniques, special considerations should be given, generally or in specific cases, to the factors below, bearing in mind the likely costs and benefits of a measure and the principles of precaution and prevention: the use of low-waste technology:-the use of less hazardous substances; -The furthering of recovery and recycling of substances generated and used in the process and of waste; — A Comparabl processes, facilities or methods of operation which have been tried with success on an industrial scale; -Technological advance and changes in scientific knowledge and understanding; -The nature, effects and volume of the emission is concerned; -The commissioning dates for new or existing installation; — The time needed to introduce the best available technique; -The consumption and nature of raw materials (including water) used in the process and its energy efficiency; -The need to prevent or reduce to a minimum the overall impact of the emission on the environment and the risks to it; -The need to prevent accidents and to minimize their consequences for the environment. The concept of best available techniques is not aimed at the prescription of any specific technique or technology, but at taking into account the technical characteristics of the installation concerned, its location and the local environmental location conditions. 3. The information regarding emission control performance and costs is based on official documentation of the Executive Body and its subsidiary bodies, in particular documents received and reviewed by the Task Force on Heavy Metal Emission and the Features of the Ad Hoc Working Group on Heavy Metal. Furthermore, other international information on best available techniques for emission control has been taken into considerations (e.g. the European Community's technical notes on BAT, the PARCOM recommendations for BAT, and information provided directly by experts). 4. Experience with new products and new plants incorporating low-emission techniques, as well as with the retrofitting of existing plants, is continuously growing; This annex may, therefore, need amending and updating. 5. The annex lists a number of spanning a range of measure of Costa and efficienc. The choice of measure for any particular case will depend on, and may be limited by a number of factors, such as economic, technological infrastructure, circumstanc any existing emission control device, safety, energy consumption and whethers the source is a new or existing one. 6. This annex takes into account the emission of lead and mercury cadmi, and their compounds, in solid (particle-bound) and/or gaseo to the form. Speciation of these compounds is, in general, not considered here. Vertheles, not the efficiency of emission control devices with regards to the physical properties of the heavy metal, especially in the case of mercury, has been taken into account. 7. the Emission values expressed as mg/m3 refer to standard conditions (volume at 273.15 K, 101.3 kPa, dry gas) not corrected for oxygen content unless otherwise specified, and in the calculated in accordanc with draft CEN (Comité européen de normalisation) and, in some cases, national sampling and monitoring techniques. II. GENERAL OPTIONS FOR REDUCING EMISSION OF HEAVY METALS AND THEIR compounds 8. There are several possibilities for controlling or preventing heavy metal emission. Emission reduction measure's focus on add-on technologies and process modifications (including maintenance and operating control). The following measure may be implemented, which depending on the wider technical and/or economic conditions, available: (a) Application of low-emission process technologies, in particular in new installation; (b) Off-gas cleaning (secondary reduction measure) with filter, scrubber, absorber, etc.; (c) preparation of change or raw materials, fuels and/or other feed materials and (e.g. use of raw materials with low heavy metal content); (d) best management practices such as good housekeeping, preventive maintenance programmes, or primary measure-such as the enclosure of dust-creating units; (e) appropriate environmental management techniques for the use and disposal of certain products containing Cd, Pb, and/or Hg. 9. It is not the monitor abatemen the procedures cessary to ensur that appropriate control measure and practices with a properly implemented and achieve an effective emission reduction. Abatemen the monitoring procedure will include: (a) Developing an inventory of those reduction measure of identified above that have already been implemented; (b) Comparing actual reduction in emission of Cd, Pb and Hg with the objective of the Protocol; (c) Characterizing quantified emission of Cd, Pb and Hg from relevant sources with appropriate techniques; (d) Regulatory authorities periodically auditing to measure it abatemen their continued efficient operation of ensur. 10. the Emission reduction measure should be cost-efficient. Cost-efficient strategy considerations should be based on total costs per year per unit abated (including capital and operating costs). Emission reduction costs should also be considered with respect to the overall process. III. CONTROL techniques 11. The major categories of available control techniques for Cd, Pb and Hg emission by primary measure of abatemen such as raw material and/or fuel substitution and low-emission process technologies, and secondary measure of such as fugitive emission control and off-gas cleaning. Sector-specific techniques are specified in chapter IV. 12. The data on efficiency are derived from operating experience and are considered to be reflec the capabilities of current installation. The overall efficiency of flu gas and emission reduction of fugitive depend to a great exten on the evacuation performance of the gas and dust collectors (e.g. suction hood). Capture/collection of over 99% efficienc to have been demonstrated. In particular cases experience has shown that control measure with able to reduce overall emission by 90% or more. 13. In the case of particle-bound emission of Cd, Pb and Hg, the metals can be captured by dust-cleaning devices. Typical dust concentration after gas cleaning with selected techniques are given in table 1. Most of these measure have generally been applied across the sector. The minimum expected performance of selected techniques for capturing gaseo for mercury is outlined in table 2. The application of the measure of these depend on the specific processes and is most relevant if concentration of mercury in the flu gas with high. Table 1 performance of dust-cleaning devices expressed as concentration in the extended forecast average dust dust concentration after cleaning (mg/m3) Fabric filters Fabric filter, electrostatic precipitator membran type Dry electrostatic precipitator in wet High-efficiency of the scrubber 10 1 50 < < < Note: 50 50 < < medium-and low-pressure scrubber and cyclones generally show lower dust removal efficienc. Table 2 minimum expected performance of mercury separator as the average mercury concentration expressed in the extended forecast Mercury content after cleaning (mg/m3) selenium selenium scrubber filter Carbon filter the Carbon injection + dust separator Norzink chloride process of Odd Lead sulphid process Bolkiem (Thiosulphat) process 0.01 0.1 0.01 < < 0.05 0.1 < < 0.05 0.1 14 < < 90; Hg: 10-40 Specific investment US $5-10/m3 waste gas per hour (> 200.000 m3/h) wet fuel-gas desulphurization (FGD) a/Cd, Pb: > 90; Hg: 10-90 b/15-30/Mg waste Fabric filters (FF) Cd: > 95; PB: > 99; Hg: 10-60 Specific investment US $8-15/m3 waste gas per hour (> 200.000 m3/h) a/Hg removal efficienc to increase proportion of ionic mercury with the. High-selective catalytic dust reduction (SCR) installation of Hg (II) formation of facilitat. b/this is primarily for SO2 reduction. Reduction in heavy metal emission is a side benefit. (Specific investment US $60-250/kWel.) Primary iron and steel industry (annex II, category 2) 27. This section deals with emission from sinter plants, pellet plants, blast furnac with a steelwork, and basic oxygen furnace (BOF). Emission of Cd, Pb and Hg in association with particulate occure. The content of the heavy metals of concern in the emitted dust depend on the composition of the raw materials and the types of alloying metals added in steel-making. The most relevant emission reduction measure with the outlined in table 4. Fabric filters should be used whenever possible; If conditions make this impossible, electrostatic precipitator and/or high-efficiency of the scrubber may be used. 28. When using BAT in the primary iron and steel industry, the total specific emission of dust directly related to the process can be reduced to the following levels: Sinter plants 40-120 g/Mg pellet plants 40 g/Mg of blast furnace 35-50 g/BOF 35-70 g/Mg Mg Purifications of 29 gas using fabric filters will reduce the dust content to less than 20 mg/m3 electrostatic precipitator, whereas and scrubber will reduce the dust content to 50 mg/m3 (as an extended forecast average. However, there are many applications of fabric filters in the primary iron and steel industry that can achieve a much lower values. Table 4 Emission sources, control measure, dust reduction efficienc and Costa for the primary iron and steel industry Emission Source Control measure (s) dust reduction efficiency (%)
Abatemen Costa (total costs US $) Sinter plants Emission optimized sintering ca. 50.

Scrubber and ESP > 90.

Fabric filters >. 99.

Pellet plants ESP + lime reactor + fabric filters >. 99.

Scrubber >. 95.

Blast furnac's blast furnace gas cleaning FF/ESP ESP: 0.24-1/99 > Mg pig-iron wet scrubber >. 99.

Wet ESP >. 99.

BOFA Primary dedusting: wet separator/ESP/FF > 99 Dry ESP: 2.25/Mg steel Secondary dedusting: dry ESP/FF FF: 0.26/Mg 97 > a steel conveyor belt fugitive emission Closed, wetting stored feedstock, enclosure, cleaning of read 80-99.

30. Direct reduction and direct smelting are under development and may reduce the need for sinter plants and blast furnac in the future. The application of these technologies depend on the ore characteristics and requires the resulting product to be processed in an electric arc furnace, which should be equipped with appropriate controls. Secondary iron and steel industry (annex II, category 3) 31. It is very important to capture all the emission of efficiently. That is possible by installing doghouses or movable hood or by total building evacuation. The captured emission must be cleaned. For all dust-emitting processes in the secondary iron and steel industry, dedusting in fabric filters, which reduce the dust content to less than 20 mg/m3, shall be considered as BAT. When BAT is used also for minimizing fugitive emission, the specific dust emission (including fugitive emission directly related to the process) will not rank of 12 the 0.1 to 0.35 kg/Mg steel. There are many example of clean gas dust content below 10 mg/m3 when fabric filters are used. The specific dust emission in such cases is normally below 0.1 kg/Mg. 32. For the melting of scrap, two different types of furnace are in use: open-hearth and electric arc furnac furnac (EDF) where open-hearth furnac with about to be phased out. 33. The content of the heavy metals of concern in the emitted dust depend on the composition of the iron and steel scrap and the types of alloying metals added in steel-making. Measurements at EAF have shown that 95% of emitted mercury and 25% of the emission of vapour cadmi occure s. The most relevant emission reduction measure with dust is outlined in table 5 table 5 Emission sources, control measure, dust reduction efficienc and costs for the secondary iron and steel industry Emission Source Control measure (s) dust reduction efficiency (%)
Abatemen Costa (total costs US $) ESP 99 99.5 EDF FF > >.. FF: 24/Mg steel Iron foundar (annex II, category 4) 34. It is very important to capture all the emission of efficiently. That is possible by installing doghouses or movable hood or by total building evacuation. The captured emission must be cleaned. In iron, the cupol furnac foundr, electric arc and induction furnac with furnac is operated. Direct gaseo of particulate and heavy metal emission is especially associated with melting with similar background, to a small and exten, with pouring. Fugitive emission of «arise from raw material handling, melting, pouring and fettling. The most relevant emission reduction measure with is outlined in table 6 with their achievable reduction efficienc and Costa, where available. These measure can reduce the dust concentration in the 20 mg/m3 or less. 35. The iron foundry industry a very wide range of compris of process sites. For existing smaller installation, the measure's listed may not be BAT if they are not economically viabl. Table 6 Emission sources, control measure, dust reduction efficienc and Costa for iron to Control Emission source foundr measure (s) dust reduction efficiency (%)
Abatemen Costa (total costs US $) ESP > 99. EDF.

FF FF: 24/Mg 99.5 > iron furnace Induction FF/dry absorption + FF >. 99.

Cold blast of the cupol Below-the-door take-off: FF >. 98.


Above-the-door take-off: FF + pre-dedusting > 8-12/97 Mg FF + chemisorption iron 45/99 Mg iron Hot > blast cupol FF + pre-dedusting > 23/99 Mg iron/venturi scrubber Disintegrator >. 97.

Primary and secondary non-ferro metals industry (annex II, categories 5 and 6) 36. This section deals with emission and emission control of Cd, Pb and Hg in the primary and secondary production of the non-ferro metals like lead, copper, zinc, tin and nickel. Due to the large number of different raw materials used and the various processes applied, not all kind of arly heavy metal and heavy metal compounds might be emitted from this sector. Given the heavy metals of concern in this annex, the production of copper, lead and zinc are the particularly relevant. 37. Mercury or concentrate with a and initially processed by crushing, and of similar background screening. Ore beneficiation techniques are not used extensively, although flotation has been used at some facilities processing low-grade ore. The crushed ore is then heated in a retort, either at small operations, or, at large furnac operations, to the temperature at which mercuric sulphid of the sublimates. The resulting mercury vapour is condensed in a cooling system and collected as mercury metal. So the from the condenser and settling tanks should be removed, treated with lime and returned to the retor or furnace. 38. For efficient recovery of mercury the following techniques can be used:-Measure to reduce dust generation during mining and stockpiling, including minimizing the size of stockpil; -Indirect heating of the furnace; — Keeping the ore as dry as possible; — Bringing the gas temperature entering the condenser to only 10 to 20 ° C above the dew point; — Keeping the outlet temperature as low as possible; and — through a Simple reaction of post-gas condensation scrubber and/or a selenium filter. Dust formation can be kep to down by indirect heating, separate processing of fine grain classes of ore, and control of ore water content. The dust should be removed from the hot reaction gas before it enter the mercury condensation unit with cyclones and/or electrostatic precipitator. 39. For gold production by amalgamation, similar strategies as for mercury can be applied. Gold is also produced using techniques other than amalgamation, and these are considered to be the preferred option for new plants. 40. Non-ferro metals is mainly produced from sulphitic with or. For technical and product quality reasons, the off-gas must go through a thorough dedusting (< 3 mg/m3) and could also require additional mercury removal before being fed to an SO3 contact plant, thereby also minimizing heavy metal emission. 41. Fabric filters should be used when appropriate. A dust content of less than 10 mg/m3 can be obtained. The dust of all pyrometallurgical production should be recycled in-plant or off-site, while protecting occupational health. 42. For primary lead production, first experience of indicates that there are interesting new direct smelting reduction technologies without sintering of the concentrate. These processes with the example of a new generation of direct autogenous lead smelting technologies which pollut less and consume less energy. 43. Secondary lead is mainly produced from used car and truck batteries, which are dismantled before being charged to the smelting furnace. This BAT should include one melting operation in a short rotary furnace or shaft furnace. Oxy-fuel burner can reduce waste gas volume and flu in dust production by 60%. Cleaning the flu-gas with fabric filters makes it possible to achieve dust concentration levels of a 5 mg/m3. 44. Primary zinc production is carried out by means of roast-leach electrowin technology. Pressure leaching may be an alternative to roasting and may be considered as a BAT for new plants depending on the characteristics of the concentrate. Emission from pyrometallurgical zinc production in Imperial Smelting (IS) can be minimized by using the furnac a double bell furnace top and cleaning with high-efficiency to scrubber, efficient evacuation and cleaning of gas from the send and lead casting, and thorough cleaning (< 10 mg/m3) of the CO-rich furnace off-gas. 45. To recover zinc from oxidized residu's these are processed in an IS furnace. Very low-grade residu and flu in the dust (e.g. from the steel industry) with the first treated in rotary furnac (Waelz-furnac) in which a high-content zinc oxide is manufactured. Metallic materials are recycled through melting in either induction furnac furnac with the direct or indirect heating by natural gas or or liquid fuels or in vertical New Jersey retort, in which a large variety of oxidic and metallic secondary materials can be recycled. Zinc can also be recovered from lead furnace by fuming process send a send. Table 7 (a) Emission sources, control measure, dust reduction efficienc and Costa for the primary non-ferro metals industry Emission Source Control measure (s) dust reduction efficiency (%)
Abatemen Costa (total costs US $) emission of fugitive Suction hood, enclosure, etc. off-gas cleaning by FF >. 99.

Roasting/sintering the sintering: ESP + Updraugh scrubber (prior to double contact sulphuric acid plant) in + FF for tail gas.
7-10/Mg H2SO4 Conventional smelting (blast furnace reduction) shaft furnace: closed top/efficient evacuation of tap holes + FF, covered launder, double bell furnace top.
..

Imperial smelting High-efficiency scrubbing >. 95.

Venturi scrubber.
..

Double bell furnace top.
4/Mg metal produced pressure leaching Applications depend on leaching characteristics of concentrate 99 site-specific > direct smelting reduction processes of Flash smelting, e.g. kivce, Outokumpu and Mitsubishi process..
..

Bath smelting, e.g. top blown rotary converter, Ausmel, Isasmel, QSL and processes of Norand Ausmel: Pba 77, Cd 97; QSL: Pb, Cd, 92 93 QSL: operating costs 60/Mg Pb table 7 (b) Emission sources, control measure, dust reduction efficienc and costs for the secondary non-ferro metals industry Emission Source Control measure (s) dust reduction efficicency (%)
Abatemen Costa (total costs, US $) Lead production short rotary furnace: suction hood for tap holes + FF; tube condenser, oxy-fuel burner 99.9 45 Mg Zinc production in Imperial smelting Pb/> Mg Zn 95 14/46. In general, processes should be combined with an effective dust collecting device for both primary and fugitive emission of gas. The most relevant emission reduction measure with is outlined in tables 7 (a) and (b). Dust concentration below 5 mg/m3 have been achieved in some cases using fabric filters. Cement industry (annex II, category 7) 47. Cement kiln may use secondary fuels such as waste oil or waste Tyra. Where waste is used, emission requirements for waste incineration processes may apply, and where hazardous waste is used, depending on the amount used in the plant, emission requirements for hazardous waste incineration processes may apply. However, this section refer to the fossil fuel fired kiln. 48. with the Particulate emitted at all stage of the cement production process, consisting of material handling, raw material preparation (crushers, dryers), clinker production and cement preparation. Heavy metal to be brough into the cement kiln with the raw materials, fossil and waste fuel. 49. For clinker production the following kiln types are available: long wet rotary kiln, long dry rotary kiln, rotary kiln with cyclone preheater, rotary kiln with shaft preheater of the grat, furnace. In terms of energy demand and emission control opportunities, rotary kiln with cyclone preheater with a preferabl. 50. For heat recovery purpose, rotary kiln off-gas is conducted through the preheating with the system and the mill dryers (where installed) before being dedusted. The collected dust is returned to the feed material. 51. Less than 0.5% of lead and of entering the kiln cadmi is released in the exhaust gas. The high alkal content and the scrubbing action in the kiln favour metal retention in the clinker or kiln dust. 52. The emission of heavy metals into the air can be reduced by, for instance, taking off a bleed stream and stockpiling the collected dust instead of returning it to the raw feed. However, in each case these considerations should be weighed against the consequences of the heavy metal in the releasings into the waste stockpil. Another possibility is the hot-meal bypass, where calcined hot-meal is in part discharged right in front of the kiln entrance and fed to the cement preparation plant. Alternatively, the dust can be added to the clinker. Another important measure is a very well controlled steady operation of the kiln in order to avoid emergency shut-offs of the electrostatic precipitator. These may be caused by a CO concentration excessiv. It is important to avoid high peaks of heavy metal emission in the event of such an emergency shut-off. 53. The most relevant emission reduction measure with the outlined in table 8. To reduce direct dust emission from crushers, mills, and dryers, fabric filters are mainly used, whereas kiln and clinker cooler waste gas by electrostatic precipitator with controlled. With ESP, dust can be reduced to below 50 mg/m3 concentration. When FF are used, the clean gas dust content can be reduced to 10 mg/m3. Table 8 Emission sources, control measure, reduction and efficienc Costa for the cement industry Emission Source Control measure (s) the Reduction efficiency (%)
Costa Abatemen direct emission from crushers, mills, dryers FF CDs. Pb: >. 95.

Direct emission from rotary kiln clinker coolers, ESP Cd. Pb: >. 95.

Direct emission from rotary kiln in Carbon adsorption Hg: >. 95.

Glass industry (annex II, category 8) 54. In the glass industry, lead to the emission of particularly relevant given the various types of glass in which lead is introduced as raw material (e.g. crystal glass, accommodate ray tubes). In the case of soda-lime container glass, lead emission will depend on the quality of the recycled glass used in the process. The lead content in from crystal glass melting dustable is usually about 20-60%. 55. Dust emission in the stem mainly from batch mixing, diffus-leakag, furnac from the furnace opening, and finishing and blasting of glass products. They notably depend on the type of fuel used, the furnace type and the type of glass produced. Oxy-fuel burner can reduce waste gas volume and flu in dust production by 60%. The lead emission from electrical heating with a considerably lower than from oil/gas-firing. 56. The batch is melted in continuous tanks, day tanks or crucible. During the melting cycle using discontinuo furnac, of the dust emission can greatly into. The dust emission from crystal glass tanks (90.

Chlor-alkal in industry (annex II, category 9) 59. In the chlor-alkal in industry, Cl2, and hydrogen with alkal hydroxid in is produced through the electrolys of a salt solution. Commonly used in existing plants with the mercury process and the diaphragm process, both of which need the introduction of good practices to avoid environmental problems. The membran process results in direct emission from mercury. Moreover, it shows a lower electrolytic energy and higher heat demand for in the registry (alkal hydroxid the global energy balance resulting in a slight advantage for the membran cell technology in the range of 10 to 15%) and a more compact cell operation. It is, therefore, considered as the preferred option for new plants. Decision 90/3 of 14 June 1990 of the Commission for the Prevention of Marine Pollution from Land-based sources (PARCOM) recommend that existing mercury cell chlor-alkal for plants should be phased out as soon as practicabl with the objective of phasing them out completely by 2010.60. The specific investment for replacing mercury cells by the process of membran is reported to be in the region of US $700-1000/Mg Cl2 capacity. Although additional costs may result from, inter alia, higher utility costs and cost of purifications, brin the operating cost will in most cases decrease. This is due to the lower energy consumption mainly from savings, and lower waste-water treatment and waste-disposal costs. 61. The sources of mercury emission into the environment in the mercury process are: cell room ventilation; process exhaust; products, particularly hydrogen; and waste water. With regards to emission into air, Hg diffusely emitted from the cell to the cell room are particularly relevant. The preventive measure and control with of great importanc and should be prioritized according to the relative importanc of each source at a particular installation. In any case specific control measure with the required when mercury is recovered from the resulting sludg from the process. 62. The following measure can be taken to reduce the emission from existing mercury process plants: process control and technical measure to optimize cell operation, maintenance and more efficient working methods; — Covering, sealing and controlled bleeding-off by suction; -Cleaning of cell rooms and measure of that make it easier to keep them clean; and Cleaning of limited gas-streams (certain contaminated air streams and hydrogen gas). 63. These measure can cut of mercury emission values it well below 2.0 g/Mg of Cl2 production capacity, expressed as an annual average. There are examples of plants that achieve the emission is well below 1.0 g/Mg of Cl2 production capacity. As a result of PARCOM decision 90/3, existing mercury-based chlor-alkal in plants were required to meet the level of 2 g Hg/Mg Cl2 of of by 31 December 1996 for covered by the emission Convention for the Prevention of Marine Pollution from Land-based sources. Since the emission depend to a large exten on good operating practices, the average should depend on and include maintenance periods of one year or less. Municipal, medical and hazardous waste incineration (annex II, categories 10 and 11) 64. Emission of lead and mercury cadmi, result from the incineration of municipal, medical and hazardous waste. Mercury, a substantial part of the Museum, and minor parts of cadmi lead the volatilized in the process. Particular action should be taken both before and after incineration to reduce these emission. 65. The best available technology for dedusting is considered to be fabric filters in combination with dry or wet methods for controlling volatil. Electrostatic precipitator in combination with wet systems can also be designed to reach low dust emission, but they offer fewer opportunities than fabric filters especially with pre-coating for the pollutant adsorption of volatil. 66. When BAT is used for cleaning the flu gas, the concentration of dust will be reduced to a range of 10 to 20 mg/m3; in practice, the lower concentration is reached, with and in some cases the concentration of less than 1 mg/m3 have been reported. The concentration of mercury can be reduced to a range of 0.05 to 0.10 mg/m3 (normalized to 11% O2). 67. The most relevant secondary emission reduction measure with is outlined in table 10. It is difficult to provide generally valid data because the relative costs in US $/tonne depend on a particularly wide range of site-specific variables, such as waste composition. 68. Heavy metal with found in all fraction of the municipal waste stream (e.g. products, paper, organic materials). Therefore, by reducing the quantity of municipal waste that is incinerated, heavy metal emission can be reduced. This can be accomplished through various waste management strategies, including recycling programmes and composting of organic materials the. In addition, some UN/ECE countries allow municipal waste to be landfilled. In a properly managed landfill, emission of lead with a forum and eliminated cadmi and mercury emission may be lower than with incineration. Research on the emission of mercury from landfill is taking place in several UN/ECE countries. Table 10 Emission sources, control measure, reduction and costs for efficienc municipal, medical and hazardous waste incineration source Emission Control measure (s) the Reduction efficiency (%)
Abatemen Costa (total costs US $) Stacks of High-efficiency gas scrubber Pd, Cd: > 98; Hg: ca. 50.

ESP (3 fields) Pb, Cd; 80-90 10-20/Mg waste wet ESP (1 field) Pb, Cd: 95-99.

Fabric filters Pb, Cd: 95-99 15-30/Mg waste Carbon injection + FF Hg: > 85 operating costs; CA. 2-3/Mg waste Carbon bed filtration Hg: > 99 operating costs; CA. 50/Mg waste Annex IV EU TIMESCAL FOR the APPLICATION OF limit values AND best available techniques TO NEW AND EXISTING STATIONARY sources the timescal for the application of limit values and best available techniques are: (a) For new stationary sources: two years after the date of entry into force of the present Protocol; (b) For existing stationary sources: eight years after the date of entry into force of the present Protocol. If not, this period may be cessary extended for specific existing stationary sources in accordanc with the amortization period provided for by national legislation. Annex V LIMIT values FOR MAJOR STATIONARY SOURCE EMISSION FROM CONTROLLING I. 1. Introduction two types of limit value are important for heavy metal emission control:-values for specific heavy metals or groups of heavy metals; -Values for emission of particulate-matter in general. 2. In principle, limit values for particulate matter cannot replace a specific limit values for lead and mercury, cadmi, because the quantity of metals associated with particulate emission of a differ from one process to another. However, compliance with these limits will contribute significantly to reducing emission of heavy metal in general. Moreover, the monitoring of emission particulate is generally less expensive than monitoring individual species and continuous monitoring of individual heavy metal is in general not feasibl. Therefore, particulate limit values with of great practical and are also the importanc let down in this annex in most cases to be or replace specific complemen limit values for lead or mercury of cadmi or. 3. the limit values, expressed as mg/m3 refer to standard conditions (volume at 273.15 K, 101.3 kPa, dry gas) and the calculated as an average value of one-hour measurements, covering several hours of operation, as a rule 24 hours. Period of start-up and shutdown should be excluded. The averaging time may be extended when required to achieve sufficiently precise monitoring of results. With regard to the oxygen content of the waste gas, the values given for selected major stationary sources shall apply. Any dilution for the purpose of lowering of the concentration of the pollutant in the waste gas is forbidden. Limit values for heavy metals include the solid, gaseo and vapour form of the metal and its compounds, expressed as the metal. Whenever limit values for total emission with a given axis, expressed in g/unit of production or capacity respectively, they refer to the sum of stacks and fugitive emission, calculated as an annual value. 4. In cases in which an exceeding of given limit values cannot be excluded, either emission or a performance parameter that indicates the whethers a control device is being properly operated and maintained shall be monitored. Monitoring of either emission or performance indicators should take place continuously if the emitted mass flow of the particulate is above 10 kg/h emission with a monitored. If, the concentration of air pollutant in gas-carrying patent ductus have to be measured in a representative fashion. If particulate matter is monitored discontinuously, of the concentration should be measured at regular intervals, taking at least three independent readings per check. Sampling and analysis of all the pollutant as well as reference measurement methods to calibrate automated measurement systems shall be carried out according to the standards laid down by the Comité européen de normalisation (CEN) or the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). While awaiting the development of CEN or ISO the standards, national standards shall apply. National standards can also be used if they provide equivalent results to CEN or ISO standards. 5. In the case of continuous monitoring, compliance with the limit values is achieved if none of the calculated average 24-hour concentration for the emission limit value 12 or if the 24-hour average of the monitored parameter does not exceeds 100 the correlated value of that parameter that was established during a performance test when the control device was being properly operated and maintained. In the case of emission monitoring, compliance of discontinuo is achieved if the average reading per check does not exceeds 100, the value of the limit. Compliance with each of the limit values expressed as total emission per unit of production or total annual emission is achieved if the monitored value is not exceeded, as described above. II. Specific limit values for selected major stationary sources of fossil fuels Combustion (annex II, category 1): 6. Limit values refer to 6% O2 in flu gas for solid fuels and to 3% O2 for liquid fuels. 7. Limit value for particulate emission for solid and liquid-fuel: 50 mg/m3. Sinter plants (annex II, category 2): 8. Limit value for particulate emission of: 50 mg/m3. Pellet plants (annex II, category 2): 9. Limit value for particulate emission of: (a) Grinding, drying: 25 mg/m3; (b) Pelletizing: 25 mg/m3. 10. Limit value for total particulate emission of 40 g/Mg of: clear is produced. Blast furnac (annex II, category 3): 11. Limit value for particulate emission of: 50 mg/m3. Electric arc furnac (annex II, category 3): 12. Limit value for particulate emission of: 20 mg/m3. Production of copper and zinc, including Imperial Smelting furnac (annex II, categories 5 and 6): 13. Limit value for particulate emission of: 20 mg/m3. Production of lead (annex II, categories 5 and 6): 14. Limit value for particulate emission of: 10 mg/m3. Cement industry (annex II, category 7): 15. Limit value for particulate emission of: 50 mg/m3. Glass industry (annex II, category 8): 16. Limit values refer to different O2 concentration in flu gas depending on furnace type: tank furnac: 8%; pot furnac and day tanks: 13%. 17. Limit value for lead emission: 5 mg/m3. Chlor-alkal in industry (annex II, category 9): 18. Limit values refer to the total quantity of mercury released by a plant into the air, regardless_of of the emission source and expressed as an annual mean value. 19. Limit values for existing chlor-alkal shall be evaluated in plants by the parties meeting within the Executive Body of the later than two years after the date of entry into force of the present Protocol. 20. Limit value for new chlor-alkal in plants: 0.01 g Hg/Mg Cl2 production capacity. Municipal, medical and hazardous waste incineration (annex II, categories 10 and 11): 21. Limit values refer to 11% O2 concentration in flu gas. 22. Limit value for particulate emission of: (a) 10 mg/m3 for hazardous and medical waste incineration; (b) 25 mg/m3 for municipal waste incineration. 23. Limit value for mercury emission: (a) 0.05 mg/m3 for hazardous waste incineration; (b) 0.08 mg/m3 for municipal waste incineration; (c) Limit values for mercury-containing emission from medical waste incineration shall be evaluated by the parties meeting within the Executive Body of the later than two years after the date of entry into force of the present Protocol.   Annex VI product CONTROL MEASURE 1. Except as otherwise provided in this annex, no later than six months after the date of entry into force of the present Protocol, the lead content of marketed petrol intended for on-road vehicles shall not exceeds 100 0.013 g/l. Parties marketing unleaded petrol with a lead content lower than 0.013 g/l shall endeavour to maintain or lower that level. 2. Each Party shall endeavour to ensur that the change to fuels with a lead content as specified in paragraph 1 above results in an overall reduction in the harmful effects on human health and the environment. 3. Where a State of determin that limiting the lead content of marketed petrol in accordanc with paragraph 1 above would result in sever the socio-economics or technical problems for it or would not lead to overall environmental or health benefits because of, inter alia, its climate situation, it may extend the time period given in that paragraph to a period of up to 10 years , during which it may market leaded petrol with a lead content not exceeding 0.15 g/l. In such a case, the State shall specify, in a declaration to be deposited together with its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, that it intends to extend the time period and present it to the Executive Body in writing information on the reasons for this. 4. A Party is permitted to market small quantit, up to 0.5 per cent of its total petrol sales, of leaded petrol with a lead content not exceeding 0.15 g/l to be used by old on-road vehicles. 5. Each Party shall, no later than five years, or ten years for countries with economies in transition that state their intention to adop a ten-year period in a declaration to be deposited with their instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, after the date of entry into force of this Protocol, achieve concentration levels which do not Office 12: (a) 0.05 per cent of mercury by weight in alkaline batteries for prolonged use of manganes in extreme conditions (e.g. temperature below 0 ° C or above 50 ° C, exposed to shock); and (b) 0.025 per cent of mercury by weight in all other alkaline batteries of manganes. The above limits may be exceeded for a new application of a battery technology, or use of a battery in a new product, if reasonable safeguards are taken to ensur that the resulting battery or product without an easily removable battery will be disposed of in an environmentally sound manner. Alkaline button cell manganes and batteries composed of button cells shall also be exempted from this obligation.   Annexe VII product management MEASURE 1. This annex aims to provide guidance to parties on product management measure. 2. The parties may consider appropriate product management measure of such as those listed below, where warranted as a result of the potential risk of adverse effects on human health or the environment from the emission of one or more of the heavy metals listed in annex I, taking into account all relevant risks and benefits of such measure, with a view to ensuring that any changes to products result in an overall reduction of harmful effects on human health and the environment: (a) the substitution of products containing one or more intentionally added heavy metals listed in annex I, if (a) the alternative suitabl exists; (b) the minimization or substitution in products of one or more intentionally added heavy metals listed in annex I; (c) the provision of product information including labelling to ensur that users are informed of the content of one or more intentionally added heavy metals listed in annex I and of the need for safe use and waste handling; (d) the use of economic incentives or voluntary agreements to reduce or eliminat the content in products of the heavy metals listed in annex I; and (e) the development and implementation of a program for the collection, recycling or disposal of products containing one of the heavy metals in annex I in an environmentally sound manner. 3. Each product or product group listed below contains one or more of the heavy metals listed in annex I and is the subject of regulatory or voluntary action by at least one Party to the Convention for a significant part based on the contributions of that product in the emission of one or more of the heavy metals in annex i. However When sufficient information is not yet available to confirm that they are a significant source for all parties, thereby warranting inclusion in annexe VI. Each Party is encouraged to consider available information and, where satisfied of the need to take the measure of the banks, to apply product management measure of such as those listed in paragraph 2 above to one or more of the products listed below : (a) Mercury-containing electrical components, i.e. any other. devices that contain one or several contacts/sensors for the transfer of electrical current such as relays, thermostat, level switches, pressure switches and other switches (actions taken include a ban on most mercury-containing electrical components; voluntary programmes to replace some mercury switches with electronic or special switches; voluntary recycling programmes for switches; and voluntary recycling programmes for thermostat); (b) Mercury-containing measuring devices such as thermometer, barometer, manometer, pressure gauges, pressure switches and pressure transmitters (actions taken include a ban on mercury-containing thermometer and ban on measuring instruments); (c) Mercury-containing fluorescent lamps (actions taken include a reduction in mercury content per lamp through both voluntary and regulatory programmes and voluntary recycling programmes); (d) Mercury-containing dental Amalga (actions taken include voluntary measure and a ban with exemption on the use of dental amalgams and voluntary programmes to promote capture of dental Amalga does before release to water treatment plants from dental surger); (e) Mercury-containing pesticide-including seed dressing (actions taken include bans on all mercury pesticide seed treatments and of including a ban on mercury use as a disinfectant); (f) Mercury-containing paint (actions taken include bans on all such paints, bans on such paints for interior use and use on children's toys; and bans on use in antifouling paints); and (g) Mercury-containing batteries other than those covered in annex VI (actions taken include a reduction in mercury content through both voluntary and regulatory programmes and environmental charges and voluntary recycling programmes).  

The 1979 Convention on long-range transboundary air pollution Protocol on heavy metals, the parties committed themselves to implement the Convention on long-range transboundary air pollution; concerned that emissions of certain heavy metals, moving across national borders, can cause damage to the environment and economically important ecosystems and can harm human health; considering that combustion and industrial processes are the main anthropogenic emissions of heavy metals into the atmosphere the source; Recognizing that heavy metals are natural constituents of the Earth's crust and that many heavy metals in certain forms and corresponding concentrations is essential for life; in the light of scientific and technical data on emissions, geochemical processes, atmospheric long-range transport and heavy metals on human health and the environment, as well as data on emission reduction methods and costs; aware that techniques and management practices are available emissions of heavy metals caused by the reduction of air pollution; Recognizing that the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UN/ECE) countries have different economic conditions, and that in certain countries the economies are in transition; committed to take measures designed to prevent or reduce certain heavy metals and related compounds, taking into account the Rio Declaration on environment and development set out in principle 15. precautionary approach; Reaffirming that States, in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations and the principles of international law, the sovereign right to exploit their own resources in accordance with national environmental and development policies and have the responsibility to ensure that activities within their jurisdiction or control do not cause damage to the environment in another country or area that is outside the bounds of national jurisdiction; knowing that the heavy metal emission control would also contribute to the protection of the environment and human health in areas outside the UN/ECE region, including the Arctic and international waters; Noting that individual heavy metals emission reduction can make additional contribution to the reduction of other pollutants; realizing that further and more effective action to control and reduce emissions of certain heavy metals, may be required and that, for example, the effect of such dedicated research can provide the basis for further actions; pursuant to the private and non-governmental sectors to knowledge of the effects associated with heavy metals, available alternatives and abatement techniques, and the importance of those sectors of the heavy metals emission reduction; Bearing in mind the control of heavy metals activities dedicated to national level and in international forums, agreed to: 1. Article 1 definitions for the purposes of this Protocol. " Convention "means the Convention on long-range transboundary air pollution, adopted in Geneva on 13 November 1979; 2. "EMEP" means the total air pollution programme for monitoring and evaluation of the long-range transmission in Europe; 3. "executive body" means the Executive Body for the Convention constituted under article 10 of the Convention (1); 4. "Commission" means the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe; 5. ' parties ' means, unless the context requires a different expression of the meaning of this Protocol, the signatory parties; 6. "geographical area of EMEP" means the area defined in the 1979 Convention on long-range transboundary air pollution, 1984 on September 28 in Geneva adopted a Protocol on joint programmes "air pollution, for monitoring and evaluation of the long-range transmission in Europe (EMEP) long-term financing" in article 1, paragraph 4; 7. "heavy metals" means those metals or, in some cases, metaloīd, which is stable and with a density greater than 4.5 g/cm3 and their compounds; 8. "emission" means the release of a substance from a point or diffuse source into the atmosphere; 9. "stationary source" means any fixed building, structure, device, or equipment production equipment accessories, which directly or indirectly issued or may issue the atmosphere heavy metals listed in annex 1; 10. "new stationary source" means any stationary source that is created or significant modifications which have started two years after the date of entry into force of this Protocol: (i) or (ii) correction to annex 1 or 2, where the stationary source becomes subject to the provisions of this Protocol only on the basis of this annex. The question of whether any of the modifications are significant or not, must be decided by competent national authorities, taking into account the modifications of environment protective factors; 11. "major stationary source category" means any stationary source category listed in annex 2, and that at least one percent of the half a joint in annex 1 emissions of heavy metals from stationary sources and specified the year specified in accordance with Annex 1. Article 2 objective the objective of the present Protocol in accordance with the provisions of the following articles is to restrict the operation of the anthropogenic emissions of heavy metals that are subject to transboundary movement of atmospheric transmission over long distances and can cause significant damage to human health and the environment. Article 3 obligations 1. Each of the parties through effective measures of each party and in accordance with the particular conditions, reduce its total annual emissions into the atmosphere of each quantity of listed in annex 1. heavy metals in comparison with the level of the emission in a reference year set in accordance with this annex; 2. Each Party shall, no later than the specified time schedules in annex 4 shall be used: (a) the best available techniques (annex 3) to each new stationary source within a major stationary source category for which annex identifies best available techniques; (b) the limit values (as indicated in annex 5) to each new stationary source within a major stationary source category. The parties may, as an alternative, apply different emission reduction strategies that give a similar level of overall emissions; (c) the best available techniques (annex 3) to each existing stationary source within a major stationary source category for which annex 3 provides the following methods. The parties may, as an alternative, apply different emission reduction strategies that give a similar level of overall emissions; (d) limit values (as indicated in annex 5) to each existing stationary source within a major stationary source category, in so far as this is technically and economically possible. The parties may, as an alternative, apply different emission reduction strategies that give a similar level of overall emissions. 3. each Party shall use the product control measures in accordance with the conditions and time-scales specified in annex 6. 4. Each of the parties in addition to consider the product management measures, taking account of annex 7. 5. each party establish and maintain in annex 1 emissions of heavy metals, with those registered parties that EMEP geographical area should be applied at least the methodology determined by the EMEP and parties outside the EMEP geographical area, should be applied within the framework of the work plan of the executive body of the developed methodology. 6. the parties, in application of paragraph 2 and 3 may not be achieved in paragraph 1, the requirements of annex 1 listed heavy metals released from commitments made on heavy metals laid down in paragraph 1. 7. Any party whose total land area is greater than 6 million km2, is exempt from the obligations laid down in 2 (b), (c) and (d), if it can be shown that no later than eight years after the date of entry into force of the present Protocol, it will reduce its total annual emissions of each of the heavy metals listed in annex 1 of the source categories specified in annex 2. for at least 50% of the emission levels of these categories in the reference year specified in accordance with Annex 1. The party which intends to act in accordance with this paragraph, shall notify, the signature of an existing protocol or acceding to it. Article 4 Exchange of information and technology 1. the Parties shall, in accordance with its laws, regulations and practices, facilitate the exchange of technologies and techniques designed to reduce emissions of heavy metals, including but not limited to exchanges that encourage the development of product management measures and the application of best available techniques, in particular by promoting: (a) the commercial exchange of available technology; (b) direct industrial contacts and cooperation, including joint ventures; (c) the exchange of information and experience; (d) the provision of technical assistance. 2. to facilitate the steps in paragraph 1, each Party shall create favourable conditions for contact and cooperation between those organizations and individuals in the private and public sectors to offer the technology, design and engineering services, equipment or finance. Article 5 strategies, plans, programmes and measures 1. Each of the parties without undue delay, develop strategies, policies and programmes to fulfil their obligations under this Protocol. 2. the parties may, in addition: (a) the use of economic tools to promote cost-effective approaches to the reduction of heavy metals; (b) develop government/industry contracts and voluntary agreements; (c) to promote the more efficient use of resources and limit; (d) promote less polluting energy sources; (e) take measures to develop and introduce less polluting transport systems; (f) take measures to gradually end the issuance of certain heavy metal process in cases where industrial scale can replace them with other processes; (g) take measures to develop and use cleaner processes with a view to preventing and limiting pollution. 3. the parties may take more stringent measures than provided for in the Protocol. Article 6 research, development and monitoring the parties, primarily focusing on Annex 1 heavy metals referred to, but not limited to them, encourage research, development, monitoring and cooperation related to: (a) emissions, long-range transport and deposition, and their modelling, existing content and abiotic biotic environment, determine the development of the relevant methodologies; (b) the transfer of contaminants and cadastre in existing ecosystems; (c) relevant effects on human health and the environment, including this effect; (d) best available techniques and practices and emission control techniques the parties use or currently being developed; (e) one or more of the products containing heavy metals or waste collection, recycling and, if necessary, final processing; (f) methodologies that allow to consider socio-economic factors limiting the assessment of alternative strategies; (g) the effects-based approach which integrates appropriate information, including information obtained under subparagraphs (a) to (f), on measured or modelled environmental levels to, transfer and impacts on human health and the environment, to formulate strategies for the future of the CAP, which take into account economic and technological factors; (h) alternatives to the use of heavy metals 6 and 7 products listed in the annex; (i) gathering information on the concentrations of heavy metals in certain products, on the potential emissions of these metals production, processing, distribution, commercial use and extreme treatment and methods to reduce those emissions. Article 7 reporting 1. Subject to its laws and regulations that ensure commercial confidentiality of information: (a) the period of time determined by the parties meeting within the Executive Body, each Party shall report, through the Executive Secretary of the Commission provided for the Executive Body, information on the measures which it has taken for the implementation of this Protocol; (b) each of the geographical area of the existing EMEP Parties shall report, through the Executive Secretary of the Commission reported to the EMEP, based on the EMEP and the executive body established by the meeting of the Parties approve the period of time referred to in annex 1 for heavy metal emissions levels, using at least the methodologies specified by the EMEP and the space and time constraints. The parties outside the EMEP geographical area at the request of the Executive Body shall prepare similar information. In addition, each party according to collect and provide the necessary information related with the other heavy metal emissions, taking into account the Executive Body, EMEP and guidance on methodology and boundaries of space and time. 2. in accordance with paragraph 1 (a), the information provided in terms of form and content must comply with the decision that the parties should adopt at the meeting of the executive body. The provisions of this decision, if necessary, should be reviewed to determine any additions to the form or content of the information that should be included in the report. 3. Before each annual meeting of the Executive Body, EMEP provides timely information on the transfer of heavy metals long-range transport and deposition. Article 8 calculation using appropriate models and measurement system, the EMEP before each annual meeting of the Executive Body in due time provide the executive body with calculations on heavy metal transboundary transfer and fouling of the EMEP geographical area. In areas outside the geographical area of EMEP must use models that meet the conditions of the parties to the Convention. Article 9 obligations must be checked at regular intervals, as each party respects the obligations set out in the Protocol. The Implementation Committee established by decision 1997/2 of the Executive Body at its fifteenth meeting, the following checks shall be carried out and shall report to the Executive session the parties, in accordance with the provisions of the annex to this decision, including any amendments thereto. Article 10 the parties ' reports at the meetings of the Executive Body, 1. the Parties shall, in accordance with article 10 of the Convention (a) of paragraph 2 of the Executive Body, review the meetings of the parties, EMEP and other subsidiary bodies and implementation of the information supplied in the report of the Committee in accordance with article 9 of this Protocol. 2. the parties at meetings of the Executive Body, review the progress made in the execution of the obligations laid down in this Protocol. 3. the meetings of the executive body of the party reporting obligations laid down in this Protocol, the adequacy and effectiveness of: (a) the report shall take into account the best available scientific information on the deposition of heavy metals, assessments of technological developments and changing economic conditions; (b) in the light of this Protocol contained in the research, development, monitoring and cooperation, said the report: (i) evaluate the progress made in the attainment of the objectives of this Protocol; (ii) evaluate whether additional emission reductions beyond the levels laid down in this Protocol, it is justified to further reduce harmful effects on human health and the environment; (iii) take into account the base level of fitness required for effective action. (c) the reporting procedures, methods and time schedules, the parties clarified at the meeting of the executive body. 4. based on the conclusions of the report in accordance with the above paragraph 3, after the completion of the reporting Parties should immediately draw up a work plan on further steps foreseen in annex 1 of that heavy metal emissions in the atmosphere. Article 11 settlement of disputes 1. If between any two or more of the parties to a dispute concerning the interpretation or application of the Protocol, the parties concerned shall seek a settlement of the dispute through negotiation or any other peaceful means acceptable to them. The parties to the dispute shall inform the Executive Body about the dispute. 2. This Protocol, the instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession to this Protocol at the time or any time thereafter, a party other than a regional economic joint body may submit to the depositary a written document by which it declares its belief that, in respect of any dispute concerning the interpretation or application of the Protocol, it considers one or both of the following types of dispute settlement as compulsory ipso facto (by fact) and without special agreements with any of the parties that accepts the same obligation: (a) the resolution of the dispute put the International Court of Justice; (b) put to arbitration in accordance with arrangements to be determined as quickly as possible, a meeting of the executive body of the parties in an annex on arbitration. A party which is a regional economic organization, the Joint Declaration can be prepared with similar objectives in relation to arbitration in accordance with subparagraph (b) above. 3. a declaration made under paragraph 2 shall remain in force until the expiry of three months after the date of deposit with the depositary in writing of the cancellation of the Declaration. 4. A new declaration, a notice of revocation or the expiry of a declaration shall not in any way affect proceedings before the International Court of Justice or the arbitral tribunal, unless the parties to the dispute agree otherwise. 5. If, within twelve months after one party notify the other that a dispute exists between them, the parties concerned do not formulate the dispute via the dispute set out in paragraph 1, the means of regulating such a dispute, any party to the dispute is the subject of the conciliation proceedings, except when the parties to the dispute have agreed to use the same means of dispute settlement under paragraph 2. 6. the provisions of paragraph 5 of the goals is to establish a Conciliation Commission. The Commission shall consist of an equal number of each interested party appointed representatives or in those cases where parties in conciliation share the same interest, the group that has the same interests, and the Chairman, jointly elect representatives appointed. The Commission shall adopt a decision which the promotion of party's good faith is taken into account. Article 12 Annex the annex to this Protocol shall form an integral part of the Protocol. 3. The Protocol and annex 7 is permissive in nature. Article 13 of the Protocol fixes 1. Any party may propose amendments to this Protocol. 2. proposed amendments shall be submitted in writing to the Executive Secretary of the Commission, which shall inform all parties. Meeting within the Executive Body, the Parties examine the proposed amendments at its next meeting of the Executive Body, provided that the parties have been circulated by the Executive Secretary with these suggestions at least ninety days before the meeting. 3. this Protocol and its amendments 1, 2, 4, 5 and 6 in the annex are adopted on the basis of the parties represented at the meeting of the executive body of the consensus, they shall enter into force on the sides, who have adopted the amendments, the 90th day after the date on which two thirds of the parties have deposited instruments of acceptance with the depositary. Corrections to any of the Parties shall enter into force on the 90th day after that party has submitted to the depositary of acceptance. 4. Fixes in annex 3 and 7 are taken on the basis of the parties represented at the meeting of the executive body of the consensus. On the expiry of ninety days from the date on which the Executive Secretary of the Commission informed the parties, any such amendment to the annex shall enter into force for those parties which have not submitted a notification to the depositary in accordance with paragraph 5 of this article, the terms provided that at least sixteen Parties have not submitted from such notification. 5. Any party that is unable to accept the amendment 3. Annex 7, it shall notify the depositary in writing within ninety days from the date of notification of the amendment. The depositary shall without delay notify all parties of any such notification received. A party may at any time replace the previous notification with the acceptance of the document, and when the acceptance is submitted to the depositary, the amendments shall enter into force for this party. 6. in the case of a proposal to amend 1, 6 or 7 in the annex to this Protocol, by adding a heavy metal or product containment measures, as well as product or family of products: (a) fix agents provide the executive body with the information specified in Executive Body decision 1998/1, including any amendments thereto; (b) the Parties shall evaluate the proposal in accordance with the procedures set forth in Executive Body decision 1998/1, including any amendments thereto. 7. Any decision to amend Executive Body decision 1998/1 is taken, on the basis of the parties represented at the meeting of the executive body of the consensus, and shall enter into force sixty days after the date of adoption. 14. Article 1 of the Protocol this Protocol to the parties of the Commission as well as States with advisory status, according to the Commission on 28 March 1947 the economic and Social Council resolution 36 (IV). paragraph 8, as regional economic integration organizations set up by sovereign States, members of the Commission, with a mandate to organize negotiations, to conclude international treaties and the matters included in this Protocol, provided that the States and organizations concerned are parties to the Convention is a sign in Aarhus (Denmark) from 1998 to June 24 to 25, and then the United Nations Headquarters in New York until 21 December 1998. 2. The regional economic integration organization, in matters within their competence, exercise the rights and fulfil the responsibilities which the present Protocol attributes to their parties. In such cases, these organisations may not use such rights individually. Article 15 ratification, conception, approval and accession 1 this Protocol shall be subject to ratification, acceptance or approval by the signatory States. 2. paragraph 1 of article 14, the requirements of the relevant countries and organizations can join the Protocol, starting with the 12 December 1998. Article 16 depositary 1. instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations, who will perform the functions of the depositary. Article 17 entry into force, the present Protocol shall enter into force on the 90th day following the date of the depositary shall be submitted to the 16th instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession. 2. for each article 14, paragraph 1, the State or organization that ratifies, accepts, approves the Protocol or accede to the Protocol after the date of the depositary the 16th instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession. Article 18 withdrawal at any time after five years from the date on which the Protocol entered into force for the party, that party may withdraw from the Protocol in writing about their notification to the depositary. Any such withdrawal shall take effect on the 90th day following the date of its receipt by the depositary, or on such later date as specified in the notification of the withdrawal. Article 19 authentic Texts the original of the present Protocol, of which the English, French and Russian texts are equally authentic, shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations. In witness whereof, the undersigned, being duly authorized, have signed this Protocol. Signed in Aarhus (Denmark), one thousand nine hundred and ninety-eight twenty-fourth day of June.

Annex 1: heavy metals specified in article 3, paragraph 1, and the base year for the fulfilment of the heavy metals Cadmium base year (Cd) 1990; or an alternative year between 1985 to 1995, identified by one of the parties of the deposit of instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession.

Lead (Pb) in 1990; or an alternative year between 1985 to 1995, identified by one of the parties of the deposit of instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession.

Mercury (Hg) in 1990; or an alternative year between 1985 to 1995, identified by one of the parties of the deposit of instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession.

  Annex 2 stationary source category i. introduction this annex does not include 1. installations or parts of installations of new products and processes for research, development and testing. 2. the threshold values listed below generally refer to production capacities or outputs. If one operator realizes several activities that include the same subgroup, the same equipment and the same territory, such activities are summarized on the capacity. II. List of categories category description of category 1 incineration plants with a total capacity of thermal input exceeding 50 mW.

2 metal ore (including sulphide ore) roasting or shall concentrate or facility with capacity exceeding 150 tonnes a day in a melt iron ore or concentrate and 30 tons a day, can melt lead or zinc, or any gold and mercury ore processing.

3 equipment raw production of pig iron or steel (primary or secondary fusion, also electric arc furnaces), as well as the continuous smelter with a capacity exceeding 2.5 tonnes per hour.

4 ferrous metal foundries with a production capacity exceeding 20 tonnes per day.

5 equipment may, for the production of lead and zinc from ore, concentrates or secondary raw materials by using metallurgical processes with capacity exceeding 30 tonnes per day of primary metal facilities and 15 tons of metal a day recycling facilities, or to any of the primary mercury production.

6 equipment can, lead and zinc, as well as recycled products for melting (enrichment, steel, etc.), including the alloying, with a melting capacity exceeding 4 tonnes per day for lead or 20 tonnes per day can and zinc.

7 installations for the production of cement clinker in rotary kilns with a production capacity exceeding 500 tonnes per day or in other furnaces with a production capacity exceeding 50 tonnes per day.

8 equipment for the production of glass in which lead is used in the production process, with a melting capacity exceeding 20 tonnes per day.

9 equipment of alkali-chlorine production by electrolysis using the element mercury.

10 equipment hazardous or medical waste incineration with capacity exceeding 1 tonne per hour, or equipment with national statutory hazardous and medical waste incineration combined for.

11 machines for the incineration of municipal waste with a capacity exceeding 3 tonnes per hour, or by national law of certain municipal waste incineration combined for.

  3. best available techniques for heavy metals and their compounds from the source to the target categories listed in Annex i. Introduction 2 1. The aim of this annex is to provide the parties with recommendations on best stationary sources available technologies, to the parties to meet the requirements of the Protocol. 2. "best available techniques" (BAT) means the most effective and advanced stage in the operation and development of their uses, which indicate the practical suitability of the individual methods, fixing emission limit values designed to prevent and, where that is not practicable, to reduce emissions and the impact on the environment as a whole:-' techniques ' are used in technology and also the way the machine was planned, built, maintained, operated and closed; "the available techniques" means those techniques developed to such an extent that it is possible the introduction of significant industrial sector with economically and technically reasonable conditions, taking into consideration the costs and advantages, whether or not these methods are applied to specific parties or generated in the territory, unless they are reasonably accessible to the operator; "best" means most effective in a high general level of protection of the environment. In determining best available techniques, special consideration should be given (in general or in certain cases) the below mentioned factors, bearing in mind the likely costs and benefits, as well as the precautionary and preventive principles: — mazatlikum technologies; less hazardous substances; — process created and used and waste recycling; -comparable processes, facilities and methods of operation, which has been successfully tested on an industrial scale; -technological advances and changes in scientific level and understanding; — the emission characteristics, effects and volume; -start-up dates for new or existing installations; — to introduce the best available technique time required; — the raw materials used in the process (including water) consumption and characteristics, process energy efficiency; — the need to prevent or reduce to a minimum the impact of the emissions on the environment and the impact of these risks; -the need to prevent accidents and to minimise their impact on the environment. Best available techniques the concept does not describe any specific technique or technology, but includes the equipment technical characteristics, its geographical location and the local environmental conditions. 3. information on the implementation and control of the costs based on the subsidiary bodies of the Executive Body and the official documentation, especially for documents received and reviewed by a Special Commission on emissions of heavy metals and heavy metals the ad hoc preparatory working group. In addition, account is taken of the other international information on best available emission control techniques (e.g., the European Union's technical descriptions of BAT, the PARCOM recommendations for BAT and expert information provided). 4. experience associated with new products and equipment using methods that ensure low emissions, as well as the modernisation of existing plants, gradually builds up; This annex therefore may require corrections and additions. 5. the measures referred to in the annex, the various costs and efficiency. The choice of measures for each individual case will depend on a number of factors, which may restrict the choice of the measures, such as economic conditions, technological infrastructure, any existing emission control devices, safety, energy consumption, as well as whether it is new or already existing source. 6. this annex takes into account the cadmium, lead, mercury and their compounds both in solid (particle-related) and gas form. In particular, the connection types this document is not normally see. Emission reduction efficiency of devices associated with the physical properties of heavy metals (in particular mercury), however, are taken into account. 7. Emission levels, expressed in mg/m3, meet the standard conditions (273.15 K, 101.3 capacity at kPa, dry gas) not corrected for oxygen content unless otherwise specified. They are calculated in accordance with the CEN (Comité européen de normalisation) and, in certain cases, in accordance with their own national modelling and monitoring methods. II. General heavy metals and their compounds emission reduction techniques Are 8 different options to restrict and eliminate emissions of heavy metals. Emission reduction measures are based on advanced technologies and process modifications (including maintenance and operational control). The following measures are available that can be implemented, depending on the technical and/or economic conditions: (a) the technological processes that ensure low emissions, in particular in new installations; (b) waste gas cleaning (secondary reduction measures) with filters, scrubbers, absorbers, etc.; (c) raw materials, fuels and other raw materials (e.g. raw materials with low heavy metal content) replacement or preparation; (d) better governance, such as the skilled housekeeping, preventive operational programmes or actions, such as the Creative Assembly of dust isolation; (e) appropriate environmental management techniques of Cd, Pb and Hg, or the use of products containing and extreme treatment. 9. to ensure appropriate containment measures and practice proper implementation and achieve effective emissions reduction necessary to monitor abatement procedures. Pollution controls include: (a) the above emission reduction measures in the inventory, which is already being implemented; (b) the actual Cd, Pb and Hg emission reduction level in comparison with the objectives of the Protocol; (c) of the main sources have made the Cd, Pb and Hg emissions with the appropriate evaluation of quantitative methods; (d) emission reduction measures for periodic inspections of control bodies, in order to ensure the continued effectiveness of these measures. 10. Emission reduction measures should be cost-effective. The basic criteria of profitability strategy is the total annual cost per unit of emission abatement (including capital and operating costs). Emission reduction costs should be examined in the light of all the overall process. III. Emission control methods 11. Available methods of limiting the main category Cd, Pb and Hg emission abatement are primary measures such as raw materials and/or replacement of fuel and low-emission technology processes, and secondary measures, such as the fugitive (lasting) emission control and waste treatment. Chapter 4 contains specific sectoral methods. 12. information on effectiveness is derived from experience and are in the process of operation to reflect the opportunities of existing installations. The fugitive emission and exhaust emission reduction methods in the overall efficiency largely depends on the gas and dust collector (such as a fume of shelters). It has been demonstrated that capture/collection efficiencies exceeding 99%. In some cases, as experience shows, control measures to reduce overall emissions by 90% or more. 13. where emissions of Cd, Pb and Hg are associated with particles, in the form of metal can be seen with dust collection devices. table 1 shows typical dust concentrations after gas cleaning with specific methods. Most of these methods are usually used in different sectors. Individual gāzveidīg of Mercury capture methods of minimum expected efficiency shown in table 2. This event is independent of the specific processes and is essential, if the exhaust gases have a high concentration of mercury. table 1 dust collecting device efficiency, expressed as the average concentration of dust in the dust concentration in the hours after cleaning (mg/m3), fabric filters fabric filter in spring-loaded membrane dry electrostatic receivers tuners the Wet electrostatic high-efficiency scrubbers 10 1 50 < < < note 50 50 < < Medium-and low-pressure scrubbers and cyclones generally show lower dust removal efficiencies. table 2 minimum expected performance of mercury separators expressed as hourly average mercury concentrations of mercury content after cleaning (mg/m3) Selenium Selenium scrubber filter carbon filter the carbon injection + dust separator of Norzink chloride process Odd lead sulphide process Bolkiem (Thiosulphate) process 0.2 0.01 0.01 < < 0.1 0.05 < < 0.1 0.05 < 14 Be < < ensure that emission reduction methods do not create other environmental problems. Avoid choosing a specific process that provides a low level of emissions to the atmosphere, if the result of this process will strengthen the emissions of heavy metals in the total environmental impact, if, for example, increased water pollution by sewage. Account should also be taken of the improved exhaust gas cleaning methods use the collected dust of destiny. The negative impact on the environment due to such waste, reduce the benefits of the dust and smoke reduction process. 15. Emission reduction measures should be geared both to process technology and to the exhaust gas purification. Both of these approaches are closely related; the choice of a specific process you can turn individual exhaust gas cleaning methods. 16. Emission reduction methods depend on the indicators as pollutant concentration and/or the composition of the raw gas, gas heat, gas temperature and others. Thus, the use of methods can partially agree. In this case, you must select the particular circumstances the most appropriate methods. 17. The following describes the exhaust gas reduction measures in various sectors. Diffuse emissions shall be taken into account. Local level important environmental factor may be dust emission control associated with the removal of raw materials or by-products, moving and storage, although not transfer over long distances. Emissions can be reduced by moving the following completely sealed buildings, which can be equipped with ventilation, dust capture and add systems and other pertinent emission control equipment. If the material is stored in open places, the surface must be protected so as to avoid the spread of the material with the help of wind. Storage areas and roads should be regularly cleaned. 18. Data on investments/costs that are included in the table, have collected from many different sources, and is very specific to each case. They are expressed in United States dollars according to the 1990 u.s. dollar rate (1 USD = ECU 0.8 (1990) (1990)). They depend on factors such as plant capacity, removal efficiency, pollutant concentration in the raw gas, type of technology, as well as the choice of new installations as alternatives to reconstruction. IV. pie 19. This chapter contains tables with the main emission sources, emission reduction measures based on the best available techniques, their effectiveness in the area of the reduction and, where possible, the corresponding costs for each of the most important sectors. Unless otherwise specified, the tables in the specified reduction efficiency refers to direct .1 gases. The combustion of fossil fuels in utility and industrial boilers (annex 2, category 1) 20 coal burning municipal and industrial combustion plants are the main source of anthropogenic mercury emissions. Heavy the metal content of the coals is usually many times higher than oil or natural gas. 21. the process of energy transformation efficiency and energy-saving measures will ensure the decrease of heavy metal emissions, because the decrease fuel consumption. Natural gas or alternative fuels with a low content of heavy metals in incineration, thus replacing coal use, the heavy metals, such as mercury, a significant reduction in emissions. Complex combined cycle gasification (KKCG) technology is a new technology with potentially low emission levels. 22. heavy metals except mercury are emitted in solid form and together with the ash particles. Using various technologies for coal combustion, volumes of ash formation flying is different combustion equipment restveid: 20-40%, Fluidised bed incineration furnace 15%, dry combustion plants (pulverized coal combustion) 70-100%. Found that the flying particles of ash the smallest fraction of heavy metals content is higher. 23. Coal enrichment, such as "washing" or "biological treatment" reduced inorganic substances associated with heavy metal. However, these processes are very different heavy metal removal rate. 24. using electrostatic tuners (EU) or fabric filters (AF), total dust removal rate may exceed 99.5%, in most cases, the concentration of the dust about 20 mg/m3. Heavy metals, except mercury, emissions can be reduced by at least 90-99%, the lowest rate is higher for elements with evaporative capacity. Low temperature promotes the filter gāzveidīg the decrease the mercury content in the exhaust gases. 25. the nitrogen oxides, sulphur dioxide and particulate matter emission reduction methods in the exhaust makes it possible to reduce the emissions of heavy metals. Need to avoid potential adverse environmental effects, taking the appropriate treatment. 26. using the above methods, the separation efficiency of mercury varies widely, as shown in table 3. Research to develop mercury removal techniques, but until such techniques are not available in production, mercury separation is not possible to determine the best available method. table 3 emission control measures, reduction efficiencies and costs by burning fossil fuel emission source control measures reduction efficiency (%)
Reduction costs (common costs USD) fuel oil combustion transition from fuel oil to gas for Cd, Pb: 100; Hg: 70-80 is very different in each case of the combustion of coal in the transition from coal to fuels with lower content of heavy metals in dust: 70-100 very different in each individual case in the EU (with cold walls) Cd, Pb: > 90 Hg: 10-40 Fixed investment 5-10 USD/m3 waste gas per hour (> 200000 m3/hour) in wet flue gas desulferizācij (CWP) a/Cd, Pb: > 90; Hg: 10-90 b/...

Fabric filter (AF) Cd: > 95; PB: > 99; Hg: 10-60 fixed investment of 8-15 USD/m3 waste gas per hour (> 200000 m3/hour) a/Hg removal efficiency increases in proportion to the ionized mercury content. Selected catalytic reduction (IKA) equipment with a high level of selectivity of Hg (II) encourage the formation. b/mainly SO2 emission reduction. Heavy metal emissions is the blakusieguvum (a specific investment US $60-250/kWel). Primary iron and steel production (annex 2, category 2) this chapter describes the 27 firing equipment, production equipment, rolled into blast furnaces and metallurgical companies using oxygen konvertproces technology (see a). CD, Pb and Hg emissions in the environment come together with particulate matter. The heavy metal content of dust depends on the composition of the raw materials and alloy metals attached shall. The best emission reduction measures is described briefly in table 4. Whenever possible, fabric filters should be used, but if you have restrictive conditions, you can use electrostatic tuners and/or highly efficient scrubbers. 28. Thanks to BAT for use in the primary iron and steel production, the total specific emission of dust concentration, directly related to the technological process can be reduced to the following levels: roasting equipment 40-120 g/Mg;

rolled products facilities in 40 g/Mg;

blast furnace ovens 35-50 g/Mg;

SEE the 35-70 g/Mg.

29. the exhaust gas treatment using fabric filters will reduce the dust content to 20 mg/m3, whereas electrostatic receivers and scrubbers will reduce the dust content to 50 mg/m3 (average hourly). However, the cloth filter, the use of primary iron and steel production reaching much lower levels. table 4-emission sources, control measures, efficiency and costs of emission reduction of dust in the primary iron and steel emissions source control measures for dust reduction efficiency (%)
Reduction costs (total cost USD) firing installations the emissions of optimising the H50 firing ...

Scrubbers and EU > 90 ...

Fabric filters > 99 ...

Rolled into production facilities in EU + lime reactor + fabric filters > 99 ...

Scrubbers > 95 ...

Blast furnaces, blast furnace gas treatment AF/99 EU: EU > 0.24-1/Mg iron moist scrubbers > 99 ...

Moist EU > 99 ...

Oxygen converters primary dust removal: wet dust separator (separator) ESU/AF > 99 dry ESP: 2.25/Mg steel secondary dust removal: moist EU/AF AF: 0.26/Mg 97 > steel Diffuse emission closed tape conveyors, isolation, moistening the stored raw materials, conveyor cleaning 80-99 ...

30. direct reduction Is streamlined and direct smelting methods which could reduce the future need for roasting equipment and blast furnaces. This technology depends on the ore characteristics and requires the processing of finished products of the electric arc furnaces, which must be equipped with appropriate treatment plants. Secondary iron and steel production (annex 2, category 3) 31 is very important to ensure effective all types of emissions in the reception. This can be achieved by installing the camera tray dust or fume or transportable shelters built an entire building with a purification system. The perceived need to clean up emissions. All of the iron and steel recycling production processes that are associated with the release of dust, the BAT is considered a dust removal with fabric filters using, dust content is reduced to 20 mg/m3. Using the BAT also fugitive emissions, dust emissions shall not exceed 0,1-0,35 kg/Mg steel. Many examples are known, when using fabric filters, dust concentration the purified gas is less than 10 mg/m3. The specific dust emission in such cases usually does not exceed 0.1 kg/Mg. 32. Scrap metal shall also use two types of ovens: martenkrāsn and electric arc furnaces (ELK), and the number of martenkrāšņ gradually decreases. 33. According to the content of the heavy metals of concern in the emitted dust depends on iron and steel scrap metal and steel production added alloy metals. Measurement of electric arc furnace shown that 95% of mercury emissions and 25% of cadmium emissions released in the form of steam. 5. the table shows the most important dust emission reduction methods. table 5-emission sources, control measures, dust reduction efficiencies and costs for the secondary iron and steel emissions source control measures, dust reduction efficiency (%)
Reduction costs (total cost USD) IDOL of 99 EU AF > > 99.5 ... AF: 24/Mg steel cast iron production (annex 2, category 4) 34. It is very important to ensure effective all types of emissions in the reception. This can be achieved by installing the camera tray dust or fume or transportable shelters built an entire building with a purification system. The perceived need to clean up emissions. Cast iron foundries use stāvcepļ, electric arc furnaces and induction stoves. Direct emissions of heavy metals in particle and gas form is mainly excreted in the melting and, sometimes, small way, the casting time. Diffuse emissions occur in the transfer operations of raw materials, smelting, casting and packaging. table 6 shows the most relevant emission reduction measures, reduction efficiencies and costs. These measures can reduce dust concentrations to 20 mg/m3 or even lower levels. 35. A cast iron foundry industry is characterised by a very large diversity of technological process. The existing smaller installations, these measures may not be BAT if they are not economically viable. table 6 emission sources limitation, dust reduction efficiencies and costs for iron foundries emission sources limitation measures for dust reduction efficiency (%)
Reduction costs (total cost USD) IDOL of 99 EU AF > > 99.5 ... AF: 24/Mg iron furnace induction AF/dry absorption + AF > 99 ...

A cold draught under the Drain outlet stāvcepl: AF > 98 ...


Discharge above the exit: AF + AF + hemosorbcij > pirmsatputekļošan 97/99 8-12 Mg > in cast iron/cast iron 45 Mg stāvcepl a hot-AF + pirmsatputekļošan fume- Dezintegrator/venturi scrubbers > 99 23/97 Mg iron > ...

Primary and secondary non-ferrous metal production (annex 2, 5 and 6) 36. This chapter addresses issues related to Cd, Pb and Hg emissions and emission control for non-ferrous metals, such as lead, copper, zinc, Tin and nickel primary and secondary production. Due to the large quantity of raw materials used and the variety of the processes in this sector can be formed in all kinds of heavy metals and their compounds. This heavy metals referred to in the annex in respect of particular interest is the copper, lead and zinc production. 37. Mercury ores and concentrates are initially processed by crushing, and sometimes screening equipment. Ore enrichment methods are not widely used, although some facilities processing low-grade ore, flotation process is used. The crushed ore is then heated the retorts (small businesses) or furnace (large companies) to a temperature at which mercuric sulphide sublimates. The resulting mercury vapour condenses and is collected in the cooling system to a metallic ore. Soot from the capacitor and settler reservoirs must be removed, treated with lime and inserts a retort or furnace. 38. Effective Mercury capture can be used the following methods:-measures to reduce dust formation and accumulation of raw materials, including the reduction of stocks of raw materials; — indirect furnace heating; — minimum humidity level maintenance ore; the conditions in which the temperature of a gas, which is getting into the condenser, only about 10-20 ° C above the dew point; — may lower output temperature; — gas supply through the reaction of pēckondensācij and/or selenium scrubber filter. Dust formation can be reduced by using indirect heat, fine-grained ore processing and ore separate humidity control. With the cyclone or the receivers to provide electrostatic dust removal from the hot reaction gas before they enter a condensing mercury plant. 39. Gold production by amalgamation, you may use the same techniques as the mercury production. In addition to gold also produce amalgamācij, using other methods, and they must give priority to new plants. 40. Coloured metals are mainly produced from sulphite ores. Subject to technical and quality requirements of the metal, the exhaust gas before delivery to SO3 kontaktiekārt carefully cleaned from dust (95 ...

Venturi scrubbers ... ...

The type of double injection devices ...
4/Mg metal produced by the use of the extraction pressure depends on the characteristics of Specific concentrate given to location 99 > direct processing in smelting during the open fusion, such as Kivce, Outokumpu and Mitsubishi processes ….


The smelting bath, such as rotary converters with upper hood, Ausmel, Isasmel, and Ausmel QSL Norand processes: Pba 77, Cd 97; QSL: Pb, Cd, 92 93 QSL: operating costs 60/Mg Pb 7 (b). table emission sources, control measures, dust reduction efficiencies and costs for the secondary non-ferrous metals emission sources limitation measures for dust reduction efficiency (%)
Reduction costs (total cost USD) lead production short rotary furnaces: fume shelters at ports + AF; tubular capacitors, oxygen/fuel burner 99.9 45 Mg zinc production in Imperial Smelting Pb > 95 14/Mg Zn 46. technological processes often must be combined with effective dust collection equipment, intended for both primary gases and the fugitive emission. The most relevant emission reduction measures described in (a) and 7 (b) in the table. Using fabric filters, in some cases, provided the dust concentration below 5 mg/m3. Cement industry (annex 2, category 7) 47. Cement kilns as secondary fuels you can use waste oil or old car tires. Using waste emissions may be subject to the same requirements as are specified in the waste incineration processes, and the incineration of hazardous waste, depending on the quantity of emissions may be subject to the requirements of a specific hazardous waste incineration processes. However, this chapter applies to furnaces, burning fossil fuels. 48. the particulate matter emission way come in the environment at all stages of the production process of cement: material handling, raw material preparation (crushers, drying chamber), clinker production and cement preparation processes. Heavy metals in cement ovens come with inputs of fossil fuels and waste used as fuel. 49. for clinker production the following kiln: long wet rotary kiln, long dry rotary kiln, rotary kiln with cyclone uzsildītāj, rotating ovens with restveidīg in uzsildītāj, the shaft furnaces. Taking into account the energy consumption and emission control options for better rotating ovens recognised with the cyclone uzsildītāj. 50. To recover heat, rotating furnace waste gas before the separation of dust are released through the preheating system and drying Chambers (where such is fitted). Collected dust added to supply material. 51. the exhaust gas emitted to the atmosphere less than 0.5% of the furnace in lead and cadmium entered. High alkali content and the friction ovens contributes to this metal retention in the clinker or kiln dust. 52. Heavy metal atmospheric emissions can be reduced, for example, the flow away and store the collected dust, but rather than adding them to supply the raw materials. However, the following considerations should be evaluated on a case-by-case basis, taking into account the consequences that may result from heavy metals spilled into the rubbish. The other option is the hot mass of raw material discharge when calcined hot mass is partially unloaded in front of the door of the oven and fed into the cement preparation plant. An alternative is to add a clinker in the dust. Another important measure is the oven steady functioning of strict controls to avoid unexpected electrostatic cut-off by the tuner can cause excessive CO concentrations. Important to avoid heavy metal emissions growth following high unexpected failure. 53. table 8 shows the most significant emission reduction measures. Direct dust emissions from the breakers and drying the cameras mainly are used in fabric filters, but the furnace and clinker cooler waste gases are purified by electrostatic the receivers. With the EU, the dust content can be reduced below 50 mg/m3. Using AF, dust concentration the purified exhaust gas can be reduced to 10 mg/m3. table 8-emission sources, control measures, reduction efficiencies and costs for the cement industry emissions source control measures reduction efficiency (%)
Reduction costs (total cost $) direct emissions from crushers, drying cameras AF Cd, Pb: > 95 ...

Direct emissions from all rotating furnaces, clinker cooler EU Cd, Pb: > 95 ...

Direct emissions from all rotating ovens carbon adsorption of Hg: > 95 ...

Glass production (annex 2, category 8) 54. glass production is especially important for lead emissions, because different types of glass, lead is added as a raw material (for example, kristālstikl, cathode ray tubes). Sodium and calcium silicate glass in the manufacture of lead emissions depend on the technological process of recycled glass used in quality. Lead content in dust that formed, originating from kristālstikl, is usually about 20-60%. 55. Dust emissions sources are mostly the distribution process, furnaces, diffuse leakage from furnace openings, glass processing and decay. Emissions largely depends on the fuel used, the furnace type and the type of glass is produced. Using a combustion apparatus with oxygen, waste gas and dust may be reduced by 60%. If heating takes place with electricity, dust emissions are considerably lower than when the fuels are used in oil and gas. 56. Distribution of melt in continuous or periodic transactions glass melting furnaces. Glass sintering furnace, a recurring transaction dust emission is very different. Dust emissions from the smelting furnaces (kristālstikl 90 ...

The chlor-alkali industry (annex 2, category 9) 59. Alkali-chlorine industry produce Cl2, alkali hydroxides and hydrogen through the electrolysis of a salt solution. Existing facilities typically use mercury and diaphragm process. Through these processes, the need to take measures for environmental problems. Membrane process in direct mercury emissions does not occur. In addition, this process is associated with a lower energy consumption and greater heat consumption, providing the alkali hydroxide concentration (the total energy balance shows a small membrane cell technology advantage of 10-15% range), and the process requires a small area. Therefore, it can be considered as the best for the new plants. The Commission for the protection of the marine environment against pollution from land-based sources (PARCOM) in its 14 June 1990 in decision 90/3 recommends "as soon as possible to ensure the phasing out the use of the equipment of alkali-chlorine industry using mercury parts to fully log out of such facilities by 2010. 60. The specific investment for replacing mercury element with proceedings, the diaphragm is around 700-1000 USD/Mg Cl2 production. Although this substitution can lead to additional costs relating, among others, with higher charges for public utility services and the expenses of the salt solution purification, operating costs will decrease in most cases. This is due to savings resulting from the decreasing energy consumption and waste water treatment and waste treatment costs extreme. 61. the sources of mercury emissions into the environment, realizing the mercury process are: work space ventilation, process, generate exhaust products, particularly hydrogen and wastewater. The most significant emissions to atmosphere, mercury in the form of fugitive emissions from the elements into the work rooms. The importance of control and preventive measures, the priority of which is dependent on the relative importance of each source in a particular facility. In any case, the need for appropriate control measures when the mercury is recovered from the sediment that formed during the process. 62. In existing installations that use elements of mercury, emissions may take the following measures: — process control and technical measures of mercury element operation and maintenance optimization, and more efficient working methods; — isolation, confinement and adjustable gas discharge through the bilge; — cleaning and cleanliness maintenance areas where there is an element of mercury; -restricted flow of gas purification (certain contaminated air streams and hydrogen). 63. These measures can cut mercury emissions by medium level, which is significantly lower than 2, 0 g/Mg of Cl2 production. There are devices that mercury emissions levels are well below 1.0 g/Mg of Cl2 production. According to PARCOM Decision 90/3, alkali-chlorine plants that use mercury to provide elements of mercury-containing equipment in compliance with the requirements on the mercury content of 2 g/Mg of Cl2 in the emission covered by the Convention on the protection of the marine environment against pollution from land-based sources, adopted in 1996 by December 31. Whereas emissions largely depends on the proper operation of the equipment, then the average emissions includes the period of service of one year or shorter period of time, and will depend on it. Municipal, medical and hazardous waste incineration (annex 2, 10 and 11.) 64. Incineration of municipal, medical and hazardous waste, the formation of cadmium, lead and mercury emissions. This incineration process is going on, a significant part of the Mercury cadmium and minor parts of lead evaporation. To reduce such emissions, before and after combustion need to implement special measures. 65. For the best available technology for dedusting is considered to be fabric filters in combination with dry and wet emission reduction of volatile compounds. Can be used also in combination with electrostatic trap moist, to ensure low dust emissions, but its effectiveness is not as big as the fabric filters, particularly with the filter layer adsorption of volatile contaminants. 66. the exhaust gas treatment using the BAT, dust concentration decreases from 10 to 20 mg/m3. In practice lower concentrations are reached, and also in individual cases concentrations are reported, which is lower than 1 mg/m3. The concentration of mercury can be reduced from 0.05 to 0.10 limits mg/m3 (with the normalization of the 11% O2). 67. The most significant secondary emission reduction measures shown in table 10. It is difficult to ensure all correct data because the relevant costs USD/tonne depend on the particular range of local differences in lines, such as waste composition. 68. Heavy metals are found in all fractions of the municipal waste stream (e.g. products, paper, organic materials). Thus, reducing the quantity of municipal waste incinerated may reduce the emissions of heavy metals. It will be implemented through various waste management strategies, including reciklizācij programmes and composting of organic materials. In some UNECE countries have allowed additional municipal waste disposal. Properly through municipal waste disposal, emissions of cadmium and lead are eliminated and mercury emissions may be lower than the incineration process. A number of UN/ECE countries is carried out research on the disposal of mercury emissions. Table 10 emission sources, control measures, dust reduction efficiencies and costs for the incineration of municipal, medical and hazardous waste emission sources limitation measures for dust reduction efficiency (%)
Reduction costs (total cost USD) Used in exhaust gas scrubbers Pb, Cd: > 98; Hg: H 50.

EU (3 field) Pb, Cd: 80-90 10-20/Mg waste moist EU (1 field) Pb, Cd: 95-99 ...

Fabric filters Pb, Cd: 95-99 15-30 BOD waste carbon injection + AF Hg: > operational costs: 85-3 H2/Mg waste Filter the carbon layer Hg: > operational cost: 99 H 50/Mg waste 4. Annex limit values and best available techniques of application deadlines for new and existing stationary sources of limit values and best available techniques for the use of the term are: (a) for new stationary sources: two years after the date of entry into force of the present Protocol; (b) for existing stationary sources: eight years after the date of entry into force of the present Protocol. If necessary, for specific existing stationary sources in accordance with the national law of the depreciation period, this period may be extended.   5. Annex limit values for emissions from major stationary sources i. Introduction 1. limitation of emissions of heavy metals are important to the two types of thresholds:-limit values for heavy metals or groups of heavy metals emissions; -the limit values for particulate emissions in General. 2. in principle, limit values for particulate matter cannot replace specific limit values for cadmium, lead and mercury, so that the quantity of metals associated with particulate emissions differs in each particular process. However, compliance with these limits contributes significantly to the reduction of heavy metal emissions in General. In addition, the monitoring of emissions of particulate matter is usually associated with less cost than individual metals emissions monitoring, and continuous monitoring of certain heavy metals are usually not possible. Therefore, particulate limit values are of great practical significance and are defined in this annex predominantly to supplement or replace certain cadmium, lead and mercury limits. 3. Limit values expressed in mg/m3 refer to examine (273.15 K, 101.3 capacity at kPa, dry gas) and are calculated as average hourly value measurements, covering several hours of operation (usually 24 hours). Starting and stopping should be deducted for the period. When required, the average period may be extended, in order to achieve sufficiently precise monitoring results. Having regard to the oxygen content of the waste, the values defined in the single major stationary sources. Any dilution for the purpose of reducing the concentration of pollutants in the waste gas is prohibited. Limit values for heavy metals in particular contain metals and their compounds, gaseous and solid tvaikveid shapes, which qualified as metal. Whenever you specify limit values for total emissions, which are expressed in grams per unit of production or capacity, they relate to the overall emissions coming from the stack and fugitive emissions calculated as the year value. 4. where the limit values being exceeded cannot be excluded, either emissions have to be monitored, or work a parameter that specifies whether the control measurement equipment is properly operated and maintained. Emissions or working parameter monitoring should be carried out continuously if emissions exceed 10 kg particle/hour. If you perform emissions control, air pollutant concentration measurements of gas pipelines should be carried out in a representative way. If particulate control is implemented with breaks, the concentration measurements must be carried out at regular intervals, check each time gaining at least three independent parameters. All contaminants sampling and analysis, as well as the control of the measurement methods to calibrate automated measurement systems shall be carried out according to the European Committee for Standardisation (CEN) or by the international organisation for Standardisation (ISO) standards. If not designed according to the CEN or ISO standards are used in the same State standards. National standards may be used in cases where they provide PRICE and ISO standards equivalent results. 5. in the case of continuous monitoring limit values be recognised as a respected, if not one of the calculated 24-hour average concentrations do not exceed the emission limit value of the controlled parameter, or if the 24-hour average value exceeds the value of the correlation parameter set, the time of the inspection control device running the normal use and maintenance conditions. If the emission monitoring is carried out with interruptions, the limit values will be recognised as a respected, if you check the resulting average does not exceed the limit value. Each threshold, expressed as total emissions per unit of production or total annual emissions shall be respected, if the control value is not exceeded, as described above. II. Major stationary source specific limit values for the incineration of fossil fuels (annex 2, category 1) 6. limit values provide 6% O2 in the exhaust gases of solid fuels and 3% O2 — the liquid fuels. 7. the particulate emission limit value in hard and liquid fuels in 50 mg/m3 in:. Firing installations (annex 2, category 2), 8. Particulate emission limit: 50 mg/m3. Rolled furnaces (annex 2, category 2) 9. Particulate emission limit value: (a) grinding, drying: 25 mg/m3; (b) pelletizing: 25 mg/m3. 10. the total particulate matter emission limit value: 40 g/Mg produced rolled. Blast furnaces (annex 2, category 3) 11. Particulate emission limit: 50 mg/m3. Electric arc furnaces (annex 2, category 3) 12. Particulate emission limit: 20 mg/m3. Production of copper and zinc, including Imperial Smelting smelting furnaces (annex 2, 5 and 6) 13. Particulate emission limit: 20 mg/m3. Lead production (annex 2, 5 and 6.) 14. Particulate emission limit value: 10 mg/m3. Cement production (annex 2, 7. category) 15. Particulate emission limit: 50 mg/m3. Glass production (annex 2, category 8) 16. Limit values refer to different O2 concentrations in flue gas depending on furnace type: bath-type stoves — 8%, compensating discontinuous furnaces and bath furnaces — 13%. 17. lead emission limit value: 5 mg/m3. Alkali-chlorine production (annex 2, category 9) 18. Limit values refer to the total amount of mercury in the atmosphere izvadījus equipment, regardless of the source, and is expressed as an annual average value. 19. limit values for existing chlor-alkali plants assess the parties meeting within the executive body no later than within two years after the date of entry into force of the present Protocol. 20. Limit value for new chlor-alkali plants: 0.01 Hg/Mg Cl2 production. Municipal, medical and hazardous waste incineration (annex 2, 10 and 11.) 21. Limit values refer to 11% O2 concentration in flue gas. 22. the particulate emission limit values: (a) 10 mg/m3 for hazardous and medical waste incineration; (b) 25 mg/m3 for municipal waste incineration. 23. limit values for mercury emissions: (a) 0.05 mg/m3 for hazardous waste incineration; (b) 0.08 mg/m3 for municipal waste incineration; (c) limit values for mercury-containing emissions resulting from the incineration of medical waste, and assess the parties meeting within the executive body no later than within two years after the date of entry into force of the present Protocol.   6. the annex production control measures 1. If this annex does not otherwise specified, then no later than six months after the date of entry into force of the present Protocol lead content in fuels market road vehicles shall not exceed 0.013 g/l. Parties marketing unleaded petrol with a lead content below 0.013 g/l, strive to maintain or reduce that level. 2. Each Party shall endeavour to shift to fuels with a lead content as specified in paragraph 1, on human health and the environment from the negative impacts of the influences acting on the comprehensive. 3. in cases where a State determines that limiting the lead content in petrol sales in accordance with paragraph 1 will cause serious socio-economic or technical problems, does not provide a comprehensive human health or environmental improvement, inter alia, the climatic conditions, it may within that period under section extended to ten years during which the country can realize the marketing of leaded petrol, lead content not exceeding 0.5 g/l in this case State action , which with its act of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession shall be submitted for storage the depositary, indicate that it is preparing for the extension of the period, and shall be submitted in writing information on the reasons for the extension. 4. A party is allowed in small quantities (up to 0.5 percent of the total trade volume of fuel in the country concerned) to realize the marketing of leaded petrol, lead content not exceeding 0.15 g/l, use old vehicles. 5. Each of the parties not later than five years, but countries with a transitional economy, not later than ten years after the date of entry into force of the present Protocol if they want to use the ten-year period, this intention must be declared in the document to be transmitted to the depositary along with storage for the ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, in order to ensure the attainment of the levels of concentration that does not exceed: (a) 0,05% of mercury by weight in alkaline manganese batteries in designed for prolonged use in extreme conditions (e.g. temperature below 0 ° C or above 50 ° C, exposed to shocks also); (b) 0,025% of mercury by weight in alkaline manganese in all other batteries. The above thresholds may be exceeded in new battery technologies or using batteries in the new products, if the implementation of reasonable precautions to environment friendly place for both of the batteries and the products of which batteries are easily separable. These obligations also apply to alkali manganese battery elements and batteries composed of elements of the batteries.   7. product management measures annex 1. This annex aims to provide information to the parties on product management measures. 2. the parties may consider appropriate product listed below are management measures when they are justified by the potential negative effects on human health or the environment for one or more of the elements listed in annex 1 heavy metal emissions, taking into account all the associated risks and the effectiveness of such measures, to ensure that any product changes contribute to human health and the environment from the adverse factors affecting the comprehensive fall: (a) one or more intentionally added to those listed in annex 1 of the heavy metals of the substitution of products containing If there is a reasonable alternative; (b) the products intentionally added to one or more of the listed in annex 1. heavy metal volume minimization or replacement; (c) the provision of information about the product, including the marking of one or more intentionally added listed in annex 1 of the heavy metal content, and of the need to observe the security in the use of the products and activities waste; (d) economic incentives or voluntary agreements to reduce the listed in annex 1. heavy metal content in products or completely eliminated; (e) product, which contains one of the mentioned in annex 1. heavy metals and environmentally friendly collection, utiliziācij and extreme processing program development and implementation. 3. each product or product group referred to below, contains one or more of the instruments listed in annex 1. heavy metals. This product or product group is subject to statutory and voluntary actions implemented at least one of the parties to the Convention, on the basis of some degree of contribution of this product to one or more of the elements listed in annex 1 emissions of heavy metals in the formation process. However, it is still not enough available information to confirm that such products are significant sources of emissions for all parties, and thus justify the need to include them in annex 6. Each party is encouraged to consider available information and, where satisfied of the need it to implement precautions to use product management measures such as those referred to in point 2 and relate to one or more of the products listed below: (a) Mercury-containing electrical components, i.e. devices that contain one or several contacts/sensors for electrical conduction, such as relays, thermostats, level switches, pressure switches and other switches (actions include a ban on most of the electrical components containing mercury; voluntary programmes to replace some mercury switches with electronic or special switches; voluntary disposal programs and switch to voluntary disposal programs) the thermostat; (b) measuring devices containing mercury, such as thermometers, manometers, barometers, pressure gauges, switches and voltage voltage transmitters (actions include mercury-containing thermometers and ban on the use of measuring instruments); (c) Mercury-containing fluorescent lamps (actions include reductions in mercury content per lamp, the application of the voluntary and regulatory programmes and voluntary reciklizācij program); (d) Mercury-containing dental amalgam (actions include voluntary measures and a ban, with some exceptions, the use of dental amalgam, as well as voluntary programs to promote dental amalgam collection before it was getting from dental offices, sewage treatment plant); (e) Mercury-containing pesticides including seed treatment pesticide (expected transactions include all mercury pesticides including seed treatments, use of pesticides and a ban on mercury use as a disinfectant); (f) Mercury-containing paint (actions planned include all such color ban, prohibition of the use of the following color indoors and baby toys and a ban on mercury use the pretapaugum color); (g) Mercury-containing batteries other than those mentioned in annex 6 (projected activities include a reduction in mercury content through both voluntary and regulatory programmes and environmental taxes and voluntary reciklizācij program).