Key Benefits:
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colonialism led to the onset of radical movements from fanatical organizations that could lead to acts of terrorism such as the events that befell the Malaysian Airlines MH17 that was shot down by the Ukrainian separatist movement.
2) Politics
The free and active foreign politics of Indonesia encourages Indonesia to participate in the International transport community, among them the International Civil Aviation Organization (International Civil Aviation Organization). (ICAO) and the International Shipping Organization (IMO).
The purpose of this organization is to provide a system that applies all over the world, in order for travel and flight to be in a country that will receive search and rescue services in the event of a disaster. All policies taken in establishing search and rescue services are strongly influenced by the existence of an era of globalization.
Indonesia as a member of IMO and ICAO has an obligation to improve service in the field of search. And help goes according to the rules. The drafting of the administrative structure strata and the implementation guidelines recommended by the IMO and the ICAO in search and rescue activities, is the mandate of the audit results of the ICAO and the IMO which must be implemented by the SAR Board National.
3) Social Culture
The influence of globalisation and openness and the advancement of science and technology led to access to gaining information from different parts of the world quickly. A very thin filter of globalization can cause people/groups to be easily lit up for the occurrence of communal conflict that can also be caused by SARA ' s ego and fanaticism.
4) Economy
The geographical position of Indonesia stretches from 94 ° BT to 141 °
BT and from 6 ° N to 11 ° LS, as well as increased
the world economy caused a current frequency of flow
World transport. Indonesia which is at a strategic position between
2 (two) continents and 2 (two) oceans is on the transport trajectory
connecting countries in the world to the world.
5) Defence and Security
Isu global, such as the strengthening of democratic values, the affirmation of human rights, and the environment of living are still an indicator of influencing the pattern of international relations, especially relations between countries both on a bilateral or wider scale.
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In the field of defense and security, global developmental tendencies affect threat characteristics with the emergence of new security issues that can harm human beings like terrorism, security threats cross country and the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction.
6) Geography
The Indonesia Region located between the 3 (three) active earth plates caused its frequent disasters such as earthquakes, tsunamis, and landslides. Indonesia was even dubbed the ring of fire due to the large number of volcanoes that encircled the region of Indonesia.
The Earth's climate over time is changing, where the changes are becoming increasingly fast. When the changes take hundreds of years or even in millions of years, due to global warming, the change is rapidly changing to a period of several decades. A greenhouse gas model shows the estimated Earth's temperature will rise on an average of 3-5 ° C up to 2030.
The tropics will become extremely hot, sub tropical into a tropical region now, whereas the once-cold region will be a warm area. The impact of the Earth's temperature increases, resulting in evaporation of the water and the soil moisture will descend. Further rainfall will generally rise in the Southeast Asian region, the rainfall will increase. In Indonesia whose rainfall is already high could be at risk of flooding hazards and erosion. The rise in the Earth's temperature means also the rise in the sea temperature, the volume increases, the sea level will rise, the melting of the ice at the north, south pole and the mountain peaks.
The global temperature rise between 3-5 °C, will result in increasing pressure. Seawater surface, 0.5 s.d. 1.5 M, which further results in a number of islands will sink (UNEF, UN, 1992). The island nation in the Pacific Ocean region will be wiped out and Indonesia's one of the island countries is particularly vulnerable to the rise of sea level. The effects of the greenhouse effect and the Earth's temperature rise, resulting in high rainfall along the tropics which result in floods and landslides, especially in the areas of Sumatra, Java, Borneo and NTT and Sulawesi.
b. Regional strategic environmental influence
1) Ideologies
The end of the Cold War creates uncertainty in the Asia Pacific region, closely related to patterns of interstate relations as well as their role and intentions in the future. This has led to potential conflicts between countries
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as well as SARA conflict, separatism and radicalism. Indonesia can be affected by the conflicts with the onset of illegal displacement and border crossing.
2) Politics
The political policies of the regional states can certainly change with the time. with the change of the governments of those countries. As an example is the change in the government regime in Australia that resulted in a change in policy in the handling of asylum seekers heading to Australia that impacted Indonesia as a transit country for asylum seekers.
3) Social Culture
The ASEAN Region that has largely ties due to the similarity of family and culture is a supporting factor in carrying out cooperation efforts in the staging of search and rescue operations due to the nature of the service of the family who are helping each other and gotong royong.
4) Economy
With Established in 2015 as the start of the ASEAN Economic Community (MEA), it can increase the economic growth among ASEAN countries which have also increased transportation flows in the ASEAN region.
5) Defense and Security
Maritime security is one of the prominent area security issues related to the functioning of the maritime region which is increasingly strategic in the interests of countries in the world. In the Southeast Asia region, the Straits of Malacca and the South China sea remain the focus of the international community due to the world's trade traffic. It also invites piracy to the ships passing through the region.
6) Geography
The Indonesian Geographical factor located in the tropics and between 2 (two) Ocean causes the climate and weather In Indonesia it is heavily influenced by the storms of the region. Drought, floods, and landslides can occur in Indonesia in the event of extreme climate and weather changes in regional regions.
c. National Strategic Environmental Influence
1) Ideology
Pancasila as an idiil foundation that animates the entire ideals and goals of the Indonesian nation as it fits
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in the opening of the Constitution of 1945, is the view of the Indonesian people's life.
Thus the direction and motion of the national search and rescue is a relief effort with all the crazas from pancasila as a whole and complete and unified unity and exercised in a unified, harmonized, harmonized and balanced unity.
2) Politics
The change of government in Indonesia certainly gives rise to policies in various sectors. For exampl p>
6. The Directorate of Operations and Exercise supported the implementation of search and rescue operations has a duty to carry out
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formulation of policy, standard, norms, guidelines, criteria and procedures as well as technical guidance, evaluation and reporting as well as the initial followup to the implementation of search and rescue operations.
7. The Directorate of Communications which supports the implementation of search and rescue operations has the task of carrying out the formulation of policies, standards, norms, guidelines, criteria and procedures and technical guidance, evaluation and reporting in the field of communication and the operation and maintenance of communications tools associated with the implementation of search and rescue operations.
8. Data and Information Centers that are in support of the implementation of search and rescue operations have the task of conducting the coaching and development of the search and rescue information systems, as well as data services and related information in the implementation of the Cloud Service. Search and rescue operations.
9. Education and Training Hall is in support of the conduct of search and rescue operations, education and training of human resources related to the implementation of search and rescue operations.
B. Tasks and Functions of Search and Search Potency organizations
Service tasks/Search Potency organization and Help:
1. every instance/organization of search and rescue potential can form search and help elements in accordance with their duties and functions;
2. In the event of a cruise accident and/or flight, or any other disaster or disaster, each instance/organization of potential search and assistance is required to assist the National Search and Rescue Service in accordance with the IBM Security Council. National Search and Rescue Agency request; and
3. Search and rescue potential involved in the implementation of search and rescue operations are under the control of the National Search and Rescue Agency's operations.
The activities of the instanti/organization potential search and help in The implementation of search and rescue operations includes:
1. The duties of the Indonesian Army, Navy and AU in accordance with Act No. 34 of 2004 supported the implementation of search and rescue operations in the following:
a. help to cope with natural disasters, refugees, and humanitarian aid; and
b. assist in search and rescue in an accident (search and rescue).
2. POLRI's duties in accordance with Act No. 2 of 2002 supported the implementation of search and rescue operations to protect the safety of the body, the property, the public, and
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The living environment of the disruption of order and/or disaster includes providing assistance and assistance with upholding human rights.
3. The BNPB task in accordance with Law No. 24 of 2007 supported the implementation of search and rescue operations in the following:
a. provide guidelines and briefings against disaster relief efforts that include disaster prevention, emergency response handling, rehabilitation and equitable reconstruction and equivalent;
b. establish standardization and disaster relief hosting needs based on invitation-invite rules;
c. relay activity information to the community; and
d. use and account for national and international donations/aid.
4. The Ministry of Social Affairs is tasked with helping to prepare the means, infrastructure as well as the SDM in assisting with the implementation of the search and assistance, especially in terms of further evacuation and handling of the victims.
5. The Ministry of Transportation is tasked with preparing transportation facilities in the aid of logistics and personnel and carrying out search and rescue activities in the area of operations in the Airport Airport and Port.
6. The Ministry of Communications and Informatics is responsible for providing and disseminating the information of search and rescue activities as well as the assistance of means and personnel in the field of communication.
7. The Ministry of Health is responsible for preparing health facilities and medical personnel in the implementation of search and rescue operations.
8. The Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources is responsible for providing search and rescue and rescue personnel assistance and assistance equipment.
9. The Ministry of Public Works and the People's Settlement is tasked with preparing the means (heavy tools) in helping access to search and rescue workers.
10. The Meteorological Agency, Geophysics and Climatology is responsible for providing weather information in assisting the implementation of search and rescue operations.
11. Pertamina serves to assist in the implementation of BBM charging for the means of carrying out search and rescue operations.
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12. The Indonesian Red Cross is in charge of preparing medical personnel as well as medical facilities and equipment.
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BAB III
THE CURRENT CONDITION
A. Organization
Based on Law No. 29 of 2014 on Search and Help, the National Search and Rescue Agency has the task of organizing search and rescue workers in accidents, disasters and/or human endangering conditions.
In carrying out those tasks and functions, the National Search and Rescue Agency forms structural units to support search and rescue operations, which is:
1. Bureau of Planning and Foreign Engineering Cooperation in support of the implementation of search and rescue operations has the task of carrying out the preparation of plans, programs and budgets related to the implementation of search operations and Help and assist in the work of documents in the execution of search and rescue duties abroad.
2. The Public Bureau in support of the implementation of search and rescue operations has the task of carrying out public relations as well as the finances associated with the implementation of search and rescue operations.
3. The Bureau of Law and Public Service that supports the implementation of search and rescue operations tasks has the task of carrying out coaching, coordination, drafting of legislation and cooperation in the field of search and assistance.
4. The Directorate of Means and Prasarana which supports the implementation of search and rescue operations has the task of carrying out the formulation of policies, standards, norms, guidelines, criteria and procedures and technical guidance, evaluation and reporting. Search and rescue services, as well as the execution of coaching and coordinating the readiness of the means and the search and assistance infrastructure associated with the implementation of search and rescue operations.
5. The Bina Directorate of Commerce and Correctional Servicesated with the implementation of search and rescue operations.
6. The Operations and Exercise Directorate that supports the execution of search and rescue operations has the task of carrying out the formulation of policies, standards, norms, guidelines, criteria and procedures and technical guidance, evaluation and reporting as well as follow-up. the beginning associated with the implementation of search and rescue operations.
7. The Directorate of Communications which supports the implementation of search and rescue operations has the task of carrying out the formulation of policies, standards, norms, guidelines, criteria and procedures and technical guidance, evaluation and reporting in the field of communication and the operation and maintenance of communications tools associated with the implementation of search and rescue operations.
8. Data and Information Centers that are in support of the implementation of search and rescue operations have the task of conducting the coaching and development of the search and rescue information systems, as well as data services and related information in the implementation of the Cloud Service. Search and rescue operations.
9. Education and Training Hall is in support of the conduct of search and rescue operations, education and training of human resources related to the implementation of search and rescue operations.
All of the above work units are still working in a partial and have not yet integrated the interests of any such unit work with other work units. As an overview of the Directorate of Operations and Exercise in carrying out its duties are always in contact with the Directorate of Sarana and Prasarana as well as the Directorate of Communications for the fulfilment of the need for equipment and rescue facilities, with Bina Serenity and Correctional SAR for the repentance and deployment of the rescuers, with the Bureau of Law and Public Affairs as well as the Bureau of Planning and KTLN for the fulfillment of the needs of the legal umbrella and cooperation related to coordination and communication with the instance in and out of the country.
B. Regulations
existing regulations are already strong enough, as it is composed in Law No. 29 of 2014 on Search and Help, but to implement the work needs to be accelerated in drafting the Rules Design Acting and other regulations and/or existing regulations still have not accommodated all of the activities of the operation of search and rescue operations. There are some things to be included in formulating problems especially in search of search and rescue operations.
The problems that have not been in regulation at this time are, have not yet been made. rules regarding the establishment of search and rescue posques, the response time definition in the execution of the search operation and
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help, lack of comprehensive socialization of existing regulations to potential search and rescue, has not yet been a standard of search and rescue facility needs and equipment, yet It is made by SOPs related to the handling of any type of accident, disaster and/or human endangering condition.
Currently the Perundang-Invitation Ordinance is a legal basis in the execution of the task and function of the National SAR Agency is as follows:
1. Law No. 2 of the Year 2002 on the Indonesian Police;
2. Act No. 34 of the Year 2004 on the Indonesian National Army;
3. Law No. 23 of the Year 2007 on Railways;
4. Act No. 24 of the Year 2007 on Disaster Penation;
5. Law No. 17 of 2008 on Shipping;
6. Act No. 1 of 2009 on Flight;
7. Law No. 22 of 2009 on Traffic and Road Transport;
8. Act No. 29 of 2014 on Search and Help;
9. Government Regulation No. 36 of 2006 on Search and Help;
10. Presidential Decree No. 99 of 2007 on the National Search and Rescue Agency;
11. Law of the International Convention Maritime Search and Rescue, 1979 with Annex and 1998 Amendments to the International Convention Maritime Search and Rescue, 1979 (Resolution Maritime Safety Committee 70 (69)) (International Convention on Maritime Search and Assistance, 1979 With Attachments And Changes Of 1998 To The International Convention On Search And Maritime Help, 1979) (Maritime Safety Committee Resolution 70 (69));
12. National Search for National Search and Rescue Agency Number: PER.KBSN-01/2008 about the Organization and the Working System of the National SAR as amended by the National Search and SAR Body Regulation Number PK. 15 Years 2014;
13. Rule of the National Search and Rescue Agency Number PK. 03 of 2012 on the SAR Standby directive;
14. Rules of the National Search and SAR National SAR Number PK. 04 of 2012 on the Implementation Of The SAR Practice;
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15. Law of the National Search and Rescue Act No. 05 Year 2012 on the Guidelines of Alignment of Operation SAR; and
16. Regulation Of The Head Body Number 20 Of 2014 On The Second Changes To The National Search Of The National SAR Agency Number Pk.19 Year 2012 About The Organization And The Office Of Work Search And Rescue
C. Human Resources (SDM)
In the execution of the task and function of the National SAR Agency is supported by human resources, consisting of:
1. Internal
Samapai with the end of 2014, the number of employees in the National Search and Rescue Agency's environment was 3,046 people consisting of 3,034 civil servants and 12 relief officers from the TNI.
Employees in the National Search and Rescue Agency environment are armed with education and basic training of search and rescue and for search and help officers coupled with knowledge and proficiency among others:
a) Further Diklat;
1) Jungle Rescue;
2) Water Rescue;
3) High Angle Rescue Technique (HART);
4) Collapsed Structure Search & Rescue (CSSR);
5) Medical First Responder (MFR);
6) Road Accident Rescue (RAR);
7) Rescue Crew Rescue Boat;
8) Confined Space Rescue;
9) radio operator.
b) Specialist And Managerial level is the Search and Rescue Planning and Search and Rescue Mission Coordinator (SMC).
2. External
Human resources outside the National Search and Rescue Agency are derived from the agency/potential search and rescue organization:
a) Indonesian National Army with MFR capability, navigation, water rescue, jungle rescue, HART, mapping (plotting) as well as evacuation techniques;
b) The Indonesian National Police who have the capability of MFR, water rescue, jungle rescue, HART, security and evacuation execution;
c) Ministry of Social Affairs with the ability of MFR as well as the fulfillment of emergency needs;
d) Ministry of Health with the capability of MFR;
e) of the Ministry of ESDM which has the capabilities of CSSR, RAR, MFR as well as HART;
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2015, No. 104 e operations in areas of water that were not too far away and can only afford to accommodate a victim in a number that is not too much. In terms of speed, the Ship/KN is designed to have the same speed as the other ships/KN, which is 20-30 knots. Materials used for shipbuilding from the fiberglass material.
Up to the end of 2014, the number of States/KN Ships for class III was as many as 10 (ten) divided units in several SAR offices and SAR Post.
d) A Class IV Class IV
A Class IV Class IV boat has a long size 10 s.d. < 20 meter capacity ± 10 (ten) people are used for search and rescue operations in areas of water close to the beach and only able to accommodate casualties in slightly.
Up to the end of 2014, the number of States/KN Ships for the IV class was as many as 5 (five) divided units in several SAR offices.
The design of the States/KN Ship is designed according to the principle-principles of capacity, sea state and hydrodynamics so that the ship can move rapidly, has good maneuverability but remains stable. State ships owned by the National Search and Rescue Agency at this time have a speed of 20-30 knots.
The ships/KN are equipped with international standard equipment/navigation equipment and communications to support the implementation of the National Search Agency. Search and rescue operations. Equipment/navigation equipment and communications that are owned among others Radio, Automatic Identification System (AIS), Intercom, Emergency Personal Indicating Radio Beacon (EPIRB), Global Positioning System (GPS), Echosounder, Satelitte Compass, and the others. The State ships/KN are also equipped with standard equipment and safety equipment
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International Maritime Organization (IMO), both for the needs of the ship itself as well as for the victim.
2) Rigid Inflatable Boat/ RIB
Rigid Inflatable Boat/ RIB is a boat Rubber base with the lunas fiber glass, and the steering wheel of the center, which is used as a means of search and rescue in the waters. Various RIB sizes are currently owned by the National SAR Agency, namely:
a) RIB 11.4 M a number of 26 (twenty-six) units;
b) RIB 9.0 M a number of 25 (twenty-five) units;
c) RIB 8.5 M a number of 17 (seventeen) units;
d) RIB 6.1 & 7.1 M a number of 6 (six) units;
e) RIB 5.4 M a number of 16 (sixteen) units.
Up to the end of 2014, the number Rigid Inflatable Boat/ RIB as much as 90 (ninety) units. That is divided in several SAR Offices and the National Search and Rescue Agency Center Office.
c. Aerial Search and Search tool
The helicopter is a rotary wing aircraft, a search and rescue version that has a versatile function and is equipped with search and rescue equipment and can be used on the terrain. hard and vertical.
The air SAR Sarana owned by the National SAR Agency was a BO-105 and a AS-365-N3 + helicopter as much as 8 (eight) units. Home base The helicopter is in ATS Bogor, Surabaya, Lanudal Tg. Pinang, and Lanudal. In support of search and rescue preparedness for 24 (twenty-four) Basarnas clock also conducted cooperation with the Local Government and every 3 (three) months it was in Medan and Denpasar.
IPTN ' s Crocodile 1980 as many as 2 (two) fruit, then received a grant from the Badan Diklat Perrelations and PT. The pelita Air Service is 8 (8) of fruit, consisting of 6 types of NBO-105 and 1 (one) of the Bell type 206.
Up to the end of 2014 the National SAR Agency had 8 (eight) heli units, consisting of 6 (six) units of type BO 105 and 2 (two) units of heli dauphin.
2. The Search and Help Tools
The search and rescue equipment is a tool used to
support the execution of the penacants and help. Search equipment and
help are an important part for search and rescue officers
when carrying out search and rescue activities against victims
The disaster on the ground, so with the support of equipment adequate will
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helps search and help so that it will increase the procentation
the success of search and rescue operations.
Classification of search and help equipment is divided by 4 (four) types That is:
a. Individual Search and Help Tools
Individual search and rescue equipment is the search and rescue equipment used by any personnel in the execution of search and rescue operations, consisting of from:
1) Individual Search and Assistance Equipment
The search and rescue equipment tool is the search and rescue equipment used by any personnel in the execution of task/search operations And land-aid in the mountains, the valley, and the plain. Individual equipment consists of: carrier, day pack, mattresses, sleeping bag, fly-sheet, veldples, flashlight (portable flash), rain coat, multi-function knife, machete tebas, survival knife, helmet, head lamp, gloves, leather, sheath, Latex hand, nylon glove, safety goggle, mask.
2) The Search and Rescue Equipment
The search and rescue equipment is the search and rescue equipment used by the Any personnel in the conduct of search and rescue operations at sea. The individual marine equipment consists of: life jacket, submarine (tube submarine, fin, submarine mask, snorkel, submarine, regulator, blade, coral boot, glove, buoyancy compensator device (BCD), gauge, under water compass, weight belt, diving watch, octopus, water light, hood, bag).
b. Team Search and Assistance Equipment
Team search and rescue equipment are search and rescue equipment used in groups in the execution of search and rescue operations. Team search and rescue equipment can be classified into 2 (two) groups, namely:
1) Search and Ground Support Equipment
The ground-team search and rescue equipment is a search equipment and Help is used in a group of tasks in search and rescue operations on the ground. The ground-team equipment is:
a) equipment mountaineering (carabiner screwgate, carabiner screwgate big size, delta MR (million rapid) /delta quick link, paw, mini traxion, pro traxion, sit harness, full body harness, ascender handle, ascender non handle, auto stop descender, in panic
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descender, rescue-cender, pulley, gloves, prusik, figure of eight, webbing, gear bag, roller edge, static strap, rock and concrete anchor).
b) canvas palanquin/folding stretcher, stretcher basketball/basketball stretcher, stretcher scoop/scoop stretcher stretcher, spinal stretcher/spine board, kendrik extrication device (KED).
c) large squad tent, small squad tent.
d) navigation kit (compass, map, plotter, term, line alignment, bow degrees).
e) GPS; and
f) Some other equipment is: binoculars, megaphone, cooking gear, chain saw, camera, generator, rescue cutter portable, rescue extrication (comby tool, ram jack, hydraulic hose, spreader, power e4327
The equipment and safety equipment that conform to international standards. A rescue boat class is already a semi-electric system, so that the engine room control can be performed on the bridge without having to go down to the engine room.
Up to the end of 2014, the number of State Ships/KNs for class II is as many as 30 (thirty) units divided in several SAR Offices.
c) Third Class III.
The Class III States/KN Class III had a long size between ≥ 20 s.d < 30 meter capacity ± 20 (twenty) people used for search and rescu eraged in the technology
information and communications that are constantly evolving. Each instanti/
organization of search and rescue potential is on its own and yet
integrates service for the benefit of the community.
Related to that, resulting in a search system and The help
has been unable to walk as it should, which brings more impact
to the fulfillment demands of the search and help services
that was not reached.
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BAB IV
ANALYSIS OF POSSIBLE ACCIDENTS, DISASTERS AND
HUMAN ENDANGERING CONDITIONS
A. Air Aircraft Crash
With the growing number of technologies included in the field of transport, the chances of the possibility of an air plane crash can also be seen from the increasing frequency of flights that result in the crash. Air plane crash risk. It can be seen from flight maps in Indonesian territory and intentional flight.
The plane crash was an accident that overtook the aircraft and could not be expected before and could harm or threaten the safety of human souls. Airplane accidents can occur in land areas and in marine areas. Air plane crash between the two:
1. The plane crashed.
2. The aircraft that did crash landing at the water/ditching.
3. The aircraft that did crash landing. -swamp-marred.
4. The plane derailed.
For the disaster aircrafts can be categorised to:
1. Civil Air Aircraft
Handling of search and rescue operations in civil aviation is carried out by the National Search and Rescue Agency according to the directions of the search and rescue operation which refers to the provisions of International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). A civilian airship can be categorized into 2 (two) types of aircraft belonging to the Indonesian airline and foreign airline.
In the event of an air plane crash on the airport authority environment under Article 26 verse (2) Act Number 29 of 2014 on Search and National Search of SAR Agency may provide assistance with coordinating airport authorities.
2. Military Air Aircraft
Based on Article 26 (1) of the letter of Law No. 29 of 2014 on Search and Help of the National SAR Agency may assist in search and rescue operations against the handling of military aircraft accidents on the basis of requests from the commander-in-chief or the designated official.
B. Ship Crash
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In accordance with Chicago Convention, each country is fully sovereign and exclusive of the upper air space above, on land and water. By ratifying the united Nation Conventions on the law of the sea (UNCLOS 1982), Indonesia is accepted to be recognized as an island nation that has inland seas. However, Indonesia must provide a sea route, which is safe to connect the two free seas, the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean for general users. This line is called ALKI (Indonesian Islands Sea). Indonesia established there are 3 (three) lines of ALKI, which cut Indonesia's territorial waters.
The vast waters of Indonesia are so vast, making sea transport an important role for both international and domestic trade. Sea transport also opened access to and connected the island region, making it easier for the migration flow between the islands. With the increasing density of this cruise traffic, the potential for the cruise accident is very high.
The crash of the ship was a disaster that befell a ship and could not have been previously thought and could harm or otherwise. threaten the safety of human souls. A shipping disaster can be:
1. fire;
2. drowning;
3. Impact;
4. stranded;
5. sink;
6. dead engine;
7. people fall off the ship (Man Over Board);
8. A sick passenger/passenger who needs immediate help (Medevac).
Under Article 26 of the paragraph (2) Act No. 29 of 2014 on Search and Assistance in the event of a ship crash in the port authority region of the National SAR Agency may immediately provide assistance with coordinating with Port authority.
C. Disaster
A disaster is an event or a series of events caused by nature and/or human being that poses a broad-scale victim, resulting in a breakdown of the stability and continuity of life and the livelihood of the The public, among them is:
1. Natural disaster
a. The earthquake
Indonesia is located at a meeting of the three active terrestrial plates-the Indo-Australian plate in the South, the Euro-asia plate in the North and the Pacific Plate in the East. Earthquake disaster
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The earth caused by the moving of all three plates and collided ones resulting in shocks that could threaten the safety of human souls.
The earthquake-prone area in Indonesia is spread over the area that It is located near the visitor zone and active fault zone. Areas that are located in the support zone are the west coast of Sumatra, the southern coast of Java, the southern coast of Bali, and Nusa Tenggara, the Maluku Islands, North Maluku, the north and east coast of Sulawesi and the northern coast of Papua.
Whereas the area in Indonesia which is located close to the active sesar zone is the area along Bukit Barisan on Sumatra Island, West Java Province, Central Java, Special Region of Yogyakarta, East Java, Bali, West Nusa Tenggara, East Nusa Tenggara, Sulawesi Island, Indonesia. Maluku Islands, and New Guinea. Some active faults known in Indonesia include Sesar Sumatra, Cimandiri, Lembang, Bariibis, Opak, Busur Rear Flores, Pulau-Koro, Sorong, ransiki, active sesar in the Banten region, Bali, Southeast Nuasa, Maluku Islands and Other active sesar systems that have not been revealed.
b. Tsunami
An earthquake caused by the interaction of tectonic plates may lead to a basic deformation of the sea, resulting in tidal waves and tsunamis in the ocean. With areas heavily influenced by the movement of these tectonic plates, Indonesia is prone to tsunami threats.
The historical data of the tsunami in Indonesia in the period between 1600-1998 has been replicated from the earthquake catalog destructive (including in it a tsunami) around the world by Utsu (1992). Then the data was compared to data collected by Berninghausen (1966, 1969), Cox (1970), Arnold (1985) and Ismail (1989), and further updated with data on recent tsunami events. Based on the processing and data, there have been 110 tsunami events, 100 of which were caused by earthquakes, 9 volcanic eruptions and one by a landslide. Most of the events prior to 1970 were not well reported, while a tsunami that occurred after 1970 had been investigated and reported well. The data on earthquakes is accompanied by a tsunami.
c. Landslides
Geologically Indonesia also faces the threat of land movement, or which in general is known as a landslide. Almost every year Indonesia experiences a land movement that causes disaster.
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C. Human Resources
Given the geographical location of the State of the Republic of Indonesia, as well as high levels of accident, disaster and/or human endangering conditions, it is expected that the fulfilment of the number of people National SAR Agency employees achieve ideal proportions and composition. In an effort to fulfill the ideal of the employee's composition, the National Search and Rescue Agency required an employment increase from 3,046 to 6,357 people.
D. Means and Prasarana
Attempted Procurement and infrastructure to meet the standard quality of search and rescue and to be a reference for stakeholders in determining policies in the field of search and assistance and discoverers. It's tailored to the need for SAR
In an effort to fulfill the means of the National SAR Agency is required:
1.Search and Ground Help:
a. Rescue Truck = 81
b. Rescue Car = 258
c. Rescue Carrier = 122
d. Personnel carrier = 111
e. Truck load personnel 4 WD = 56
f. Rapid Deployment Land SAR Unit = 107
g. ATV = 47
h. Trail = 168
i. The Car Refueler 5000 L = 2
j. Trailer Pump Car Pump = 6
2.Search and Marine Help:
a. Rescue Boat = 52
b. Rigid Inflatable Boat/RIB = 100
c. Rubber Boat = 336
d. Hovercraft = 16
e. Rafting Boat = 99
f. Rescue Fastwater = 38
3. Search and Air Help:
a. Helicopter = 10
b. The Fix Wing. = 0
In the fulfilment of the National Search and Rescue Agency infrastructure is required:
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1. Construction of the Office of 70 Packets of the Office;
2. Construction of the Office of the Office of 70 Packets of the Office; and
3. List of 70 Packets.
E. Coordination
It needs to be pursued by a technical work meeting of each field where the results become materials
the discussion at the rakornis/rakornas level, which is programed and coordinated,
expected output from such activities is SOP and MoU documents
related to search and rescue operations.
In the execution of rakernis/rakornas is expected to involve agencies/
Related organizations, both at the central and regional level, so it needs to push
all SAR offices to conduct coordination with the government and immediately
form the SAR Coordination Forum. The forum is a raker/rakor container
with its own potential, which can be implemented every year or
several times a year.
F. Implementation of Search and Help Operations
Expected conditions in the execution of search and rescue operations, all stakeholders in the field of search and assistance should follow and apply a large line of conception in the event of a search and rescue operation, including:
1. Based on the Marahazard Level (emergency phases)
a. At the incerfa level, the National Search and Rescue Agency carried out the act of increasing the alert status of the alert III to standby II. Actions performed in accordance with the guidelines of the search and rescue operation are as follows:
1) The communication operators are carrying out actions to confirm the situation encountered with the Precom procedure and Excom;
2) Rescuer is already setting up an operation kit and stand by at the SAR/SAR Post Office.
b. At the allerfa level, the National Search and Rescue Agency performed an act of increasing the alert status of standby II to standby I. This phase is a continuation of the incerfa level or it is known that the object in the state is concerned for its existence. the threat to its safety.
The actions performed in accordance with the guidelines for the search and help operation as follows:
1) Keep executing precom and excom;
2) Perform coordination with related agencies;
3) Rescuers already are in the vehicle or tool Load.
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c. At the detresfalevel, Basarnas carried out activities in accordance with the search and aid stages, where rescuers were already prepared to depart for the disaster/disaster location.
2. Based on activity stage
a. Stage is aware, it is the stage in which the search and rescue system is aware of the occurrence or circumstance of a potential disaster/disaster.
The action in the stages of realizing is collecting and recording the information that includes:
1) The ID of the report (s);
2) The type of disaster or disaster;
3) The location of the disaster or disaster;
4) The number of casualties;
5) The attempt has been executed;
6) The type of ship or plane is in disaster.
b. The initialon Java.
7. The/High/High Building
among others is a fire as well as an attempt at people suicidal.
8. The Collapsed Building
occurred due to an earthquake that resulted in the building collapsing and overtaking the community. Especially if the earthquake occurred at night where the public is usually resting and unaware of the earthquake, it could cause many casualties.
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BAB V
EXP p>a. carry out the organizing of the National Search and SAR Agency Central Office organization; b. carry out the study and proposal to the PAN and RB Ministry;
c. determining the priority needs of working units in the National Search and SAR Agency Central Office in accordance with the current conditions and workload; and
d. outlines to the Ministry of PAN and RB regarding the need for the establishment of a working unit in the National Search and SAR Agency Central Office.
3. Ensure regular standby and special standby for 24 (twenty-four) hours well, then the required effort is:
a. Perform coaching on search and rescue hours;
b. carrying out search and rescue alert execution monitoring;
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c. carry out search and help standby evaluations;
d. satisfy the competency and qualifications of search and help standby officers;
e. enable all search and rescue alert functions.
f. define rules regarding standby on call; and
g. meets the needs of the search and help standby equipment in accordance with the provisions.
4. Realizing the readiness of personnel as well as facilities and equipment, the necessary efforts are:
a. enhance professions, inclusion, as well as regular and regular evaluations and testing; and
b. carry out the check, setup and maintenance of the search and rescue equipment regularly.
5. Realizing the execution of systems and procedures through socialization and evaluation, the necessary efforts are:
a. An inventory of the Cloud Service can be used in the Cloud Service, and is required for the Cloud Service. carrying out a review that has been in effect;
c. compiling the necessary procedures; and
d. Disseminate and compress the system and procedures in effect.
6. Realizing the effective and efficient Standard Operating Procedures (SOP), the required effort is:
a. testing SOP through exercise;
b. analyze SOPs in the implementation of search and rescue operations; and
c. inventorising inputs from stakeholder/ stakeholder National SAR bodies in the framework of SOP refinement.
7. Realizing SDM in a reliable and competent search and rescue field, the required effort is:
a. Standard fulfilment of the minimum standard of search and rescue workers;
b. The fulfilment of the search and rescue workers ' qualifications;
c. carrying out SDM recruitment is objectively and transparently;
d. carrying out education and training based on programtically and unsaturated qualifications;
e. carrying out SDM placement in accordance with competence and talent.
f. establish and execute career patterns; and
g. enhance the mastery of the foreign language.
8. Realizing the creation of a National Search and SAR Urban SAR team that meets the classification of INSARAG, the necessary efforts are:
a. perform member selection and form an Urban SAR team;
b. implement fulfillment of 5 (five) Urban SAR components;
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c. carrying out national fulfillment capacity building; and
d. carrying out INSARAG External Classification (IEC).
9. Realizing the institutional reinforcement of the BSG, then the necessary efforts are:
a. form task force tasked with performing BSG coaching;
b. Clarify BSG assignment status and institutional status;
b. carrying out education and training to meet the needs of Urban SAR, jungle rescue, water rescue, and rescue workers; and
c. involving BSG in the assignment of search and rescue operations in accident escalation, disaster and/or condition It endangers a large human being in and out of the country.
10. Realizing the improvement of quality and quantity of means, infrastructure, and equipment in accordance with the need for the execution of search and rescue operations through the study and planning of the activities, then the necessary efforts are:
a. implement the fulfilment of the means, infrastructure, and equipment as Operation Requirements;
b. executing optimize the utilization of the means;
c. carry out the fulfillment of search and help infrastructure needs; and
d. carrying out an effective and efficient ALUT deployment.
11. Realizing the improvement of the communication and information system capabilities, then the necessary efforts are:
a. improving the quality of communication means and information technology according to the established ICT design;
b. establish rules on registration and test function beacons;
c. carry out the socialization of the use of beacons; and
d. integrate communication links and information between work units in the National SAR and related agencies.
12. Set up coordination with the search and rescue potential organization, then the required effort is:
a. carry out search and national level help coordination meetings and areas periodically;
b. Make a memorandum of understanding about holding search and rescue operations with agencies/potential searches and help;
c. optimizing the role of the SAR Coordinating Forum in search and rescue activities.
13. Establish international coordination and cooperation in the field of search and help, then the necessary efforts are:
a. Drafting a cooperation agreement with the search and help authority of another country;
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b. evaluate and determine the region and responsibility of Indonesia ' s search and help;
c. carry out joint exercises with the friendly country and neighboring countries;
d. carrying out joint operations in the border region.
e. Carry out the assignment of Indonesian search and rescue teams abroad;
f. carrying out personnel exchanges in increased capability and knowledge;
g. send search and rescue personnel to follow education and search and assistance training in overseas;
h. invited search and rescue personnel in the country in search and rescue activities in Indonesia.
14. Realizing the improvement of the competency of the search potential and help in supporting the execution of search and rescue operations, the required effort is:
a. carry out search and help training for potential search and help;
b. carry out search and rescue training for potential search and help;
c. place search and rescue equipment on organization/search potential and help to support the implementation of search operations and Help.
D. Activities plan
In order to realize those policies, strategies, and efforts, then the following activities plan is as follows:
1. The Socialization of Law No. 29 of 2014 on Search and Help to the agency/organization of potential search and help;
2. creation of Search and Help Inspector;
3. integrations of information systems between the National Search and Search agencies with related agencies;
y effortis:
a. carry out studies and proposals to the Ministry of PAN and RB;
b. determining the priority needs of the establishment of the SAR and SAR Office and the improvement of the SAR Office class; and
c. outlines to the Ministry of PAN and RB on the importance of the need for the establishment of SAR and SAR Post Office as well as class improvement. Search and Rescue.
2. Realizing the organization's development of the National Search and Search SAR Center organization,
then the necessary efforts are:
<Improving ground transportation growth, intercity bus intercity buses, public vehicles, motorcycles as well as transport
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river lakes and crossings, currently experiencing an increase of ...%, therefore the chances of a disaster are very large considering the current fleet in average is old and in the past. It's a little bit of a road.
The existence of the airport ... and the seaport ... is affecting the frequency of the flight and the passing of the passage, and this increases the potential for both the flight disaster and the passing of the ocean. Cruise.
B. ACCIDENT, DISASTER, AND HUMAN ENDANGERING CONDITIONS
From data analysis results in the work area of the SAR Office ..., can, inferred to accidents, disasters, and human endangering conditions occurring among others:
1. Plane crash is a pathway for civil aviation in both domestic and international. According to the data of the ... Air Traffic Service Centre, as
the hub of air traffic controllers for the FIR region .......... Indonesia, it's ...
The Air Traffic Service Centre serves on average ... ... flights per day, good
that comes by or just passing through. Airport special ... average
... servicing ... flight per day. This indicates that
the traffic frequency of air traffic is very dense, causing the potential
occurrence of a very large flight disaster.
2. A shipwreck. It is the gateway to the crossing which connects the line
shipping between east and west of Indonesia, as well as the increasing volume of shipping from Pulau Pulau Pulau Pulau Pulau Pulau Pulau Pulau Pulau Pulau Pulau Pulau Pulau Pulau Pulau Pulau Pulau Pulau Pulau Pulau Pulau Pulau Pulau Pulau Pulau Pulau Sea transportation in the Strait ... Coupled with a variety of cruise operator characters that sometimes ignore safety causes the Strait ... the cartilage of disaster like shipwrecks, leakage, fire and damage to the driving machine so that the ship must be It's been floating around for a long time.
b. Other than the Strait of Waters, the area of the Gulf of Korea ... connecting the Province of Ber...with the Province of Bers...through the transport of crossings is also becoming more dense with the addition of the the fleet owned by the operator-the crossing operator resulted in The waters are also prone to similar calamics.
c. Certain areas such as Regency ... and Islands Regency ... are an archipelago of islands where daily activities are connected by people's transport of traditional motorboats and boats, plus The lack of awareness of the local community will be safety, as it contains passengers who do not match the capacity of the boat and the minimum of the floats and other safety instruments on board, causing the area to happen in the sea. which overrides the traditional ship/boat between the islands.
d. Source The livelihood of some islands and coastal coastal communities is generally dependent on their income as fishermen, where they must fight to support families so that it is not uncommon for them to be "reckless" in the waters even in the past. weather conditions
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The unfriendly, which resulted in the area of the area where misfortune befell the local fishing vessels.
3. A disaster. Flooding
Floods occur as a result of high rainfall intensity and
lasting in a considerable time. Flooding is also affected by
soil surface conditions (inclination, surface structure and system
drainage), silting at the base of lakes or rivers as well as a lack of
public awareness of the importance of paying attention to the state
environment mainly in terms of dumping trash and setting up the layout
building as well as logging wild forests.
The area prone to catastrophic flooding is the City of America .....,
The Regency of ....., It's ... it's ... it's ...
b. The work area of the SAR Office is generally
The hills and mountains are accompanied by the structure of the land that
labile so that in some areas it is prone to landslides,
that is; the County It's ... It's ... It's ... It's ... It's a ... Storm storms can occur throughout the workspace of SAR Office ..........,
usually in the pancharoba months that is the transition from season
rain to the dry season or otherwise, storms often occur due to wind
strong in the solubility of the cumulonimbus (CB) adult stage.
d. Wind Putting Beliung's wind is Puting beliung is a rotating wind
with a speed of more than ...... an km/h moving in a straight line
with a long event maximum 5 minutes, so that can result in a
various damages and losses for the area passed through the wind.
The area prone to wind putting beliung is Regency
h ... ...., ..........,
e. Earthquakes and Tsunami earthquakes are the release of the amount of energy caused by a meeting or shift of two or more Earth-tectonic plates.
Patahan on Pulau Pulau ..........
Patahan's work It's a ... It's from ... through ... through ... through ... through ...
the Patahan ... the Patahan ... [...]
The Patahan Patahan .......... ... through ... through ... ... until ...
There are some of the good kids that are on the ground and on the sea.
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Histori earthquake destructive in s. ..........
The quake-wide earthquake ..., the date of ..., the hour of ... the intensity of the ... Km, Mag: SR;
An earthquake, a date ..., the hour ... the intensity of ... the intensity ... Km, Mag: SR;
An earthquake, a date ..., the hour ... the intensity of ... the intensity ... Km, Mag: SR;
Tsunami is a tidal wave of water that occurs due to the presence of
impulsive interference in seawater due to the sudden changes in the basic form of the ocean
ocean.
Tsunami in th ..........
The earthquake of a ..., the date of ..., the hour of ... the intensity of ... the intensity of ... Km, Mag: SR; It's a tsunami, people die, people are injured, ...
People are missing.
The earthquake ..., the date of ..., the hour of ... the intensity of the ... ............... Km, Mag: SR; Caused ........ people died, people were injured, ..........
residences & mosques suffered heavy & light damage, dock
port broke along ...... m, a tsunami with altitude
wave ..... m
4. Human endangering conditions for human harm are events that befall,
endanger, and/or threaten human safety, in addition to
the Accident and Disaster of the Other:
a. People are missing in the mountains, usually the climbers are in the Mountain area ... where ... ... and...the ... and the surrounding.
b. People drown, usually occur in areas that have rivers, lakes or coastal waters. as well as the recreation area.
c. Traffic accidents are also very prone to occur especially in the streets of protocols and cross-section lines.
d. A collision between person, a person, a person, a person, a person, a person, a person, a person, a person, The geographical boundaries are:
North of the North: Concurrent to the East Side: Concurrent to the East Side: Concurrent to the South: Concurrent to the West Side: Concurrent with the Finite-level Demarctable: It's ...
With a strategic area in the area ... Indonesia, then the SAR Office shall have an important role in carrying out the initial followup and deployment of the SAR potential in the framework of SAR operations in the Area of Bangladesh. Indonesia. 2 (two) trains on the same track. e. Fires as well as attempted suicide people on buildings
are elevated/high. f. The building collapsed and befell the man underneath.
C. CONTIJENCY PLAN
1. Policy and Strategy With the influence of the International statistical environment, strategic influence
National and Regional strategic environmental influences then in the face of
Air Aircraft Crash, Ship Crash, Disaster and/or Conditions
endangers humans as appropriate for Policy and Strategy in favor of
The host of effective and efficient SAR Operations, as well as being able to be implemented
quickly, appropriately, secure, integrated and coordinated.
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a. [-1]] []].
The following strategies are:
1). Possible Way to Act
a. Type: Airplane crash/Disaster/Disaster and/or Human Harm Condition
b. Map: (if required) c. Location: Waters/Mainland ............. d.SMC: Head of SAR Office e. Communication:
1) Premature Detection Function: tlp. ... Fax. ... Frequency. .... 2) Coordination: Ttlp. ... Fax. ... Frequency. ... 3) Kodal: Tlp. ... Fax. ... Frequency. .... 4) Adminlog: Tlp. ... Fax. ... Frequency. ....
f. Logistics: Gasoline, Diesel, Avtur (Pertamina/ SPBU) In minutes ... g. Action Plan
Emergency Phases (Emergency Phases)
NO. EMERGENCY
PHASES
UNSUR/
POTENTIAL SAR
THE EXPECTED ACTION
THE CAPTION
CP. THE ALKOM TIME
1. INCERFA
2. ALERFA
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3. DETRESFA
STAGING OF SAR OPERATIONS (SAR STAGES)
NO. SAR STAGES
UNSUR/
POTENTIAL SAR
AKSI
CAPTION
CP. THE ALKOM TIME
1. AWARENESS
2. INITIAL ACTION
3. PLANNING
4. OPERATION
5. MISSION CONCLUSION
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3. An Element Analysis. Estimated element needs
To support the execution of SAR operations ..., then the element
required is:
1) ()
In addition to the required SAR and the Medical Team in support of SAR operations
with the qualification:
1) {\cf1} {\cf1} {\cf1, {\cf1,} {\cf1,} {\cf1, {\cf1 Right now, the Search and Rescue Office has already had a ... Units (Army ALUT,
Sea, Air), among others:
No ALUT Name of Interest
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c. Elements that are owned by the SAR Potency
NO
NAME
INSTANSI/
ORGANIZATION
TLP/
FAX
ELEMENT SAR
YANG
OWNED
PALSAR
BELONGS PERSONNEL KET
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
4. Communication Net
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NET COMMUNICATION
AGENCY SARNATIONAL
Emergency Call: 021 65867511
AGENCY/ORGANISAS
IPOTENCE
SAR
OFFICE SAR
Emergency call:Tlp. [...] ...
SSB: ... KHZ, please ... KHZ
POS SAR ......... .....
Emergency Call: Tlp ..........
SSB: ........ KHZ, ... (KHZ)
VHF/FM: ... MHZ,
SROP
KET:
Kouniccation Path
Traffic Coordination
ATC AIRPORT
POS SAR .........
Emergency Call: Tlp ..........
SSB: ........ KHZ, ... (KHZ)
VHF/FM: ... MHZ,
POS SAR ......... .....
Emergency Call: Tlp ..........
SSB: ........ KHZ, ... (KHZ)
VHF/FM: ... MHZ,
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5. SAR Operations Structure Structure
POTENTIAL SAR
Assistant SC
LOG & ADM
SC
(KABASARNAS)
SMC
KAKANSAR: ....
OSC
(com ........)
SRU
Staff SMC
INTELCOMOPS
KOM
StafKom
LOG
& ADM
HUMASOPS
Kasi Ops
INTELLIGENCE
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D. This contingency plan is expected to be a reference to the Office
SAR and the organization/agency potential search and help
in carrying out the search and rescue operation which
is in the region of th ...
With the Continjency Plan expected to create a coordination that
is good with the organization/potential search and help in handling
The search and rescue operation can run. Effective,
efficient, reliable, and secure.
The contingency plan was compiled as input material for the entire party-related SAR as a guideline to determine the policy of handling Air Aircraft Accident, Ship Crash, Disaster And/or any further human condition. We realized that this contingency plan would still need to periodically review the review periodically to actualize the existing data.
THE NATIONAL SAR BODY CHIEF,
FHB. SOELISTYO
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