Key Benefits:
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8 percent of its population); and more than triple the average elderly population in Singapore (4.2 million or about 7 percent of its total population). By 2020, the projected population of the elderly in Indonesia is expected to continue to increase to 28.8 million (11.34 percent). According to the WHO, an elderly population percentage of 7 percent or more is considered to have entered an old population category (aging population). With the growing population of the ages, the attention was needed from all sides in anticipation of the various problems associated with the aging of the population. The aging of the population carries a wide range of implications both from the social, economic, legal, political and especially health aspects. As a result of the age of female life expectancy is higher than that of men, the elderly population in Indonesia is more dominated by women. As such, the problem of the elderly in Indonesia is, in fact, nothing more than a woman-dominated problem. It needs to be known that both as a result of differences in nature and as a result of gender differences, elderly women in Indonesia have slightly different traits with elderly men. Because of his habit of taking care of households, the elderly women are considered to be more prepared to face their old age In addition to the habit of taking care of themselves, life becomes a widow is not a heavy thing for elderly women. Elderly women are better prepared to live a life. Elderly women also have better community skills and remain active in society (arisan, preservation, and so on). Elderly women are also likely to stay in the family to vent their habit of taking care of the household. In the meantime, the social structure makes women need to work in the domestic sphere, causing women to not have the same access as men to get jobs that make money. Elderly women in Indonesia have potentially experienced multiple discrimination, either because of their status as a female or as a person whose age is advanced. As women, discrimination caused by the social and cultural structures of society has actually been in place from a young age, even as a child and a child. It can be seen at gaps in various areas of development, among them:
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The female population of the age of 10 to the top who has never been in school twice as many as men.
The illiterate women are also double the men. • The average school average of girls is lower than that of a male. • The death toll of pregnant women and giving birth is still high. • The number of anaemia in females is still high. • The labor force participation rate (TPAK) of women is much lower
than men. • The gender development index (GDI/Gender Development Index) is smaller than the Human Development Index (HDI/Human Development Index) which indicates that the overall development of human resources is not yet followed by a Gender success.
The Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM/Gender Empowerment Measure) is still low that indicates that the participation of women in public office and decision making is still low.
The violence against Women are still relatively high. • There are still many gender-biased laws and regulations and
discriminating against women. • The public understanding of the concept of equality and gender justice
is still low. As an elderly person, discrimination often occurs because it is considered to be of no use to society. It is considered to be a burden that only the troublesome group of the younger age population. This is because there are little problems that are going to be faced at the time of the elderly, including: Health that continues to decline, both due to natural factors and
due to illness. Many of the elderly people have health problems, prone to disease.
The financial deteriorates, both due to the poverty that occurred since pralansia or as a result of not preparing for the finances of the old days with the well.
Many elderly are forced to still have to work or be a burden for family, community or country.
Many of the elderly residents are displaced and poor. Social Security
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has not been implemented well. Many of the elderly people are having problems in the financing of living especially for health financing.
socially, it is felt that there has been a decline in the value of respect in the elderly. The growing number of other cases of neglect or violence against the elderly by their own families.
Many of the elderly residents have very limited ties and communication.
Still a lack of means and infrastructure. Elderly-friendly public, resulting in low elderly accessibility.
The quality of the environment is low, unsanitary and unsanitary. • The socio-cultural change that occurred due to the recent relationship between the
generation. This is because most of the productive age people leave their homes to earn a living, as a result many elderly people have to live on their own, especially for women.
Pay attention to the various issues. General or elderly women in particular, as described above, are required to provide gender-responsive female protection as a model that provides accessibility services to the later times. acquiring health services, social economic education, spiritual mental, education, the economy needed for elderly women of age
1.2. Problems of health and economiTER I PRELIMINARY
1.1. Background
In accordance with the aim of the establishment of the Government of the Republic of Indonesia as mandated in the Opening of the Basic Law of 1945 is to protect the entire nation of Indonesia and all the spilling of Indonesian blood, then The goal of the national development is to realize the fair and prosperous society of all the people of Indonesia by generating the social conditions of the society that is improving and the age of life expectancy is increasing, so that the number of people in the country is prosperous. The population of the elderly is also increasing. Therefore, it is the duty of the State and the Government to protect the elderly in the public, nation and country life. The elderly as citizens have equal rights in public, nation and state life and are entitled to a social security that allows for the development of itself as a whole, as a dignified huc problems are the major problems associated with the elderly, as it is related to the physical decline of human being and is not negotiable as well as it is a concern. The fulfillment of life. But it doesn't mean that the other field becomes an unimportant issue. Other fields such as social, spiritual mental, environmental and so on, are the fields of elderly life that must receive comprehensive attention. Therefore, it is not too much to be associated with the protection of the elderly, the elderly problem being cut into ten fields, that is:
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a. Health issues. Being elderly is still synonymous with the declining degree of a person's health, so keeping and caring for elderly health becomes a very important issue to care for.
b. Social problems. Being elderly is often accompanied by the loss of various social roles in the lives of families and communities. If not ready to face it can cause problems that are not easy to handle.
c. economic problems. Financial unpreparedness often resulted in the elderly falling poor, forced to keep working (though the physical was not in favour of), or the burden of others.
d. Education issues. Many elderly people turned out to be illiterate or poorly educated so as to inhibit access to a variety of facilities and services.
e. Spiritual mental problems. Many of the elderly are psychologically unprepared to enter the old age so that the psychiatric illness is a lot to threaten her.
f. Cultural problems. Being elderly means facing a change in the cultural values of the next generation, which currently tend to be more individualistic, even attention and respect for older people starting to decline.
g. Environmental issues. As the ability to take care of itself is reduced, many elderly are immersed in a dirty, unsanitary environment.
h. Accessibility problem. Elderly mobility is reduced in addition to changing physical conditions as well due to the lack of support for the elderly-friendly transport infrastructure.
i. Legal issues. Many of the elderly were unable to protect themselves and his property so many cases of violence and criminality were present.
j. Political problems. Being elderly is sometimes considered to be out of public life so that his political rights are often deprived of or not given. When a person's political rights will not be lost simply because someone becomes old or sick.
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1.3. The goals and objectives of protection Protection is a guarantee of safe taste given by the state to the whole society of violence and/or threats in terms of the fulfilment of human rights as a human being. Thus, the protection of the elderly is no other than the state's efforts to provide a guarantee of safe taste in the elderly to fulfill their rights. This elderly protection is intended for the elderly to lead to life based on independent principles, participation, caring, self-actualization and self-esteem. Viewed from its aspects, protection includes access, participation, control and benefits. Given the problems of the very diverse elderly population, the word protection here has a broader meaning, which includes the efforts of providing services, empowerment and protection itself. Thus the protection of the elderly is not only limited to the efforts of providing protection from the threat of other parties (violence and criminality), but more on the efforts of empowerment and services to improve the quality of elderly life, so that the time The elderly can be well-lived and happy. The target group of elderly women's protection systems is not limited to elderly women alone. The target group of the elderly women's protection system can be grouped into groups: (1) The people who have entered the elderly, age 60 to the top. In society, also known as usila (advanced age), senior, senior, elders, and so forth; (2) The people who will soon enter the elderly (called pralansia), i.e. the age of 45-64 years; and (3) the people of age. young, that is under the age of 45. In this group, they are not distinguished between elderly women and elderly men. In elderly groups, both male and female, both are expected to be protected, served and empowered so that the quality of life can be maintained and improved as best as possible. Whereas the younger population is expected to be encouraged to prepare and anticipate better so that life in the elderly becomes more prosperous. Thus the protection of the elderly women is actually already covered in the elderly protection system as a whole. More important is how the elderly protection efforts can be
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is free of gender injustice, free from discrimination, marginalization, subordination, stereotype, and violence against elderly women. More than that, the elderly are also expected to be more responsive to gender, which is to pay attention to the difference between elderly men and elderly women, either as a result of natural differences or because of the consequences. The social construction that's happened all along. The goal of an elderly woman's protection system or an elderly woman's self-responsive protection system is for the overall elderly (both male and female) to be able to live in peace and happiness. In order for the purpose of prosperous life to be born and inner life can be realized, many fields from their lives need to be protected. In accordance with the problems faced, the areas of the elderly life that need to be given such protection are: a. Medical field. It is one of the basic rights of the elderly that
must be granted protection. They have the right to continue to keep and maintain his health, to find out his health condition, get adequate care, run a healthy lifestyle, the menu of food weighed as well as exercise regularly and rest enough rest.
b. Social field. The social life of an elderly woman is a much-forgotten aspect especially by her own family. The ability to communicate, befriend and interact with both the elderly and the preferred group is the elderly right that needs to be granted.
c. Economic field. The economic or financial aspect of elderly women is the right to fulfill all of its needs, especially the basic needs of boards, clots and food. Therefore, those who are unable to fulfill their own and their families are also unable to bear it, being the obligation of the state to fulfill it as a form of protection. For the elderly, a potential person is also eligible to work (not because it is forced) to match its ability.
d. The field of education. Education is the right of every citizen since birth to death (education throughout the hayat). The ability to continue to gain knowledge must continue to g for other parties to maintain and protect the environment around it.
h. The field of accessibility. Elderly accessibility is very low because there are still so many unfriendly public infrastructure. These technical and physical barriers are sometimes still coupled with psychic barriers by their families.
i. Legal field. The legal aspects of the elderly life need to be granted protection especially for the legal rights that it has as the right to be held in front of the law, the right to use its property, the right to obtain legal assistance, and other legal rights.
J. Political field. A person's political life remains to be protected despite being an elderly man. The political right of someone to participate in the life of society, the nation and the state should not be lost because someone is elderly. The elderly are entitled to participate in political life, choose or be chosen.
The elderly women ' s protection efforts in Indonesia are carried out by many, namely by the elderly individuals themselves (both since still pralansia and after be elderly), by family, by the community and by the government. This was in accordance with the 1998 Law of Law No. 13 of the Age of Health, which stated that the government, the public and the family were responsible for the efforts of an increase in the social welfare of the elderly. Each of these protection offenders may have their own functions or roles, according to the inherent character.
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The government as a representative form of a state holding responsibility for protecting all its citizens, is instrumental in the protection of the elderly either directly or indirectly. Through its related units, the government ran an elderly protection function with direct service programs to the elderly and still pralansia. To the elderly it is given a variety of help and services to continue to be able to keep the quality of life The pralansians were encouraged to prepare for the life of his old days from an early age to obtain the most happy elderly life. In addition, the government also runs programs aimed at encouraging greater engagement of the public in an elderly female protection effort. To the world of effort is encouraged to run an old day ' s warranty protection program for its employees or workers. Encouragement can also be directed to allow the world to run a CSR (corporate social responsibility) program on elderly women's protection efforts. To families also encouraged to continue to raise awareness for elderly women who become part of their families. Furthermore, to the other general public, the environment of citizens and NGOs (non-governmental organizations) or community societies, also continue to be encouraged to care for elderly life. People can contribute directly to the elderly (in the form of various services) as well as to elderly families to continue to raise awareness and ability to provide care to the elderly. The elderly protection system as described above simply can be described as in image 1.1. below.
Figure 1.1. Elderly women ' s protection system
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1.4. The female protection of the elderly women (gender responsive) the protection of the elderly women in their nature is the protection of the elderly (not limited to women) who are gender responsive. It is an elderly protection effort that is free from gender injustice, free from discrimination, marginalization, subordination, stereotype, and violence against elderly women. Further than that the protection of gender-responsive elderly is the one who has noticed the difference in the need between elderly men and elderly women, either as a result of natural differences and because of construction. The social that's happened all along. Elderly women are an inseparable part of the elderly in general. Therefore, already goods are of course in an elderly protection effort, the elderly women's group is already covered in it. Even as the age of female life expectancy is higher than men, which results in older female numbers than men, the goals of various protection programs should be more female than men. Seeing things like this, there's no problem with the protection of elderly women. The problem will be another if we try to die various aspects of elderly life as well as the difference between women and men. As a result of inequality and gender injustice since the age of youth, on entering the elderly, the gap between women and men is still quite high. This happens almost in all fields, education, health, economics and so on. Elderly women ' s condition has always been under elderly men, though their numbers are more numerous. A further question is that, with regard to the condition, what then to the elderly women must be made by their own protection efforts, separated from the elderly men? Should it be arranged for an exclusive system or model that is reserved only for elderly women? Of course not. The effort to separate then make it exclusive also wo n' t solve this inequality issue. It will lead to a new gender bias. What needs to be done is an attempt to make the entire elderly protection program be socially fair and further than that to be gender responsive. Thus the elderly female protection efforts of her nature are elderly protection efforts (all elderly, both male and female) who are gender justice and gender responsive,
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i.e. elderly protection that meets the principles of fairness and gender responsiveness. Equality and gender justice may be easily said and proposed, but it is not an easy thing to be realized in a country that has indeed long been viscous with patriarchal culture such as Indonesia. To be able to achieve equality and gender justice is certainly to be avoided all forms of gender injustice. The most common gender injustice that has occurred during this time is the incidence of discrimination, which is the explosion of female treatment caused not because of the natural difference of nature, but rather because of the nature of the nature of the sexes. Only they are female-sex. In our society women are omorphated (subordinated) in decision making. In fact, sometimes for mutual affairs (men and women), women are not spoken to. As a result, women cannot control if the decision is neither profitable nor does it harm them. Women also do not have the opportunity of men in the mastery of economic sources, so women are economically marginalized or marginalized. In factories or in offices, most women work in low-grade classes and the automatic salary is also lower than men. Not only does the salary, other welfare issues such as allowances, women are often treated differently. Women for their women often get negative labels, for example, the female temptress, kanca wingking (playing a role in the back or in the domestic sector), scitizens nunut hell katut (the entire life of women will be very dependent. to men), chatty, and so on. Women are also often victims of violence both in private areas and in public areas such as domestic violence (violence against wives), violence in datin e stroke and cardiovascular disease. At the tip of the change is not the average of the joint surface, fibrillation and the formation of the gap and indentation on the surface of the cartilage. The erosion of cartilage causes the eburrice bone and the formation of a cyst in the subcodral cavity and bone marrow. It cannot be called pathological, but it is agreed that the change should be considered pathological in the case of additional stress, such as if there is a trauma or a load of charge joint.
h. System Urogenital System and Pressure Blood. On the elderly kidneys undergo a lot of changes, among other things thickening in kapsula bowman and
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The permeability disruption to the solute will be filtrated. Nephron overall declined in number (nephron at the end of the hayat average lived 50 percent compared to the age of 30) and began to look atrophy. The blood flow in the kidneys at the age of 75 lived about 50 percent compared to age Young. In the event of physical stress (heavy exercise, infection, heart failure etc.), the kidneys are unable to cope with the increase in such a need and easily the kidney failure. In general, blood vessels being large in the elderly have undergone a variety of changes. There is a thickening that eventually leads to increasing edge-of-the-edge blood vessels. This will result in increased blood pressure.
i. Immunology and Infection System. The immune system in the elderly continues to decrease as a result of various morphological changes due to the aging process. There is also an increase in the formation of oto-antibodies so that the oto-immune disease incidence is increased. The introduction and attack on tumor cells also decreased, causing disease incidence to increase. In the elderly the infection also tends to become heavier, it can even lead to death. Lower-breath tract infections and urinary tract infections are important infections in the elderly, which may continue to be heavier.
j. The Central and Autonomous System of neurons. The brain weight will decrease by about 10 percent on aging between 30 to 70 years. In addition to the meninges, the girl and the brain sulci are reduced in depth. However, these abnormalities do not cause a significant pathological disorder. Pathological is the degeneration of the pigment substantia nigra, the neurofibriler's degenerate and the formation of the hyrano body. This state is consistent with the pathology of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's.
k. Skin and Integument systems. Atrophy occurs from epidermis, sweat glands, hair follicles as well as changing pigmentation due to the depletion of the skin. The color of the skin is fickle, and there's an uneven pigmentation here. Nails are thinning and easily broken. Hair loss until baldness. The subcutaneal fat is also reduced to reduced skin bearings so that the durability of pressure and temperature change becomes reduced. Skin depletion causes the skin to be easily injured and a skin infection occurs.
l. The muscle and bone systems. Otot is atrophy in the side as a result of reduced activity, also often due to interference
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metabolic or denervation of the nerve. The muscle state due to inactivity can be addressed by improving the life patterns (sports or activity of the program). However, disruptions due to the long-disruptive metabolic disease inervation are often irreversible, although the abnormality of his metabolism is fixed. With age, the process of pairing (=coupling) the repatriation, which is the destruction and formation of the bones is slowing down, especially its formation. This is in addition to the decline of body activity, as well as the decline of the hormone estrogen (female), vitamin D (especially those with less sunlight) and some other hormones, for example parathormon and calsitonin. The bones are becoming more hollow-cavities, microarchitectures change and often result in fractures of both mild or spontaneous impacts.
2.3. Psychological characteristics.
In addition to the anatomical and morphological changes that empties into health, the aging process is also at risk of causing a variety of mental and psychological problems. The average elderly person will drop by his IQ of three points every decade. Environmental factors have an effect on the health of the soul, especially the religious environment and the educational environment. These are some of the most important psychological problems that the elderly have encountered: a. Loneliness (loneliness). Loneliness or loneliness is usually experienced by
elderly at the time of the death of a live partner or close friend. Especially when herself at the time also experienced a variety of health status declines, such as suffering from various severe physical illnesses, mobility disorders or sensory disorders, especially hearing impairment. Must be distinguished between loneliness and living alone. Many of the elderly live alone but do not experience loneliness because of the social activities that are still high. On the other hand, there are elderly people who live in a very large environment, but are lonely. In these lonely people the role of social organization means so much that it can be entertaining, providing motivation to further enhance the social role of the sufferer, in addition to providing the work of work work at home if there is a disability. sufferers in those things.
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b. Condolences (bereavement). The mourning period is a very prone period for the elderly. The death of a living partner, a close friend, or even a beloved animal, can suddenly decide on her fragile soul resistance. This can lead to physical and health problems. The two-year period since the death of the living couple is the most vulnerable. In this period, the person should be allowed to express his condolences. It often begins with an empty feeling, and then wants to cry and then an episode of depression. Depression caused by grief in the elderly is usually not self limiting. Doctors and health officials have to give the episode a chance to pass. A companion is required with a full of empathy listening to complaints, giving entertainment, and not allowing any prolonged episodes and running too heavily. If such an attempt is unsuccessful, even a severe depression arises, a psychiatric consultation may be required, with the possibility of being given an anti-depressant.
c. Depression. Epidemiologically, in the Western state of depression there are 15-20 percent of the elderly population. Insidence is even higher in the elderly people who are accommodated on social institutions. In Asia it is much lower because there is a socio-cultural-religious-religious factor, which is thought to be a positive effect. A study in Indonesia found only 2.3 percent of the elderly people were treated in acute geriatric wards suffering from depressarrow growth is markedly contained to fewer hemopoitic cells with a declining response to artificial stimuli. The regenerative response to blood loss or treatment of pernicious anaemia is also reduced in comparison to young times. The various types of anemia found in the elderly include: (1) Anemia iron deficiency due to blood loss, malabsorbsi and malnutrition; (2) Anemia megaloblastic; (3) Anemia in /due to chronic disease.
g. Percentide System. The rheumatic disease is one of the main causes of diability in the elderly, alongsid ent. Those who work in the agricultural sector are more men
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compared to females, while for more women's services than men. For those who work in the industrial sector there is almost no difference between men and women. The condition is not much different from the conditions of employment for the entire population in general. Even so, the percentage of the elderly working in the agricultural sector is much larger than the population as a whole that does not reach 50 percent.
Figure 2.4. Elderly who work according to Sector and Gender, 2005
73.1
6.7
20.2
61.8
6.9
31.3
69.2
6.7
24.1
Male Girl L + P
Industrial Agriculture Image service 2.5.
Lansia according to the Largest Income Source, 2005
68.6
63.8
51.4
50.2
32.4
31.4
36.2
48.6
49.8
67.6
Work/effort
Retired/bail social
Interest savings/deposits
Stocks/obligation/mail
Other
Women are seen from their income sources, elderly male conditions are better than females. This can be seen from the largest source of income earned by men having a greater percentage almost to all sources of income, except for other sources of income which among others are derived from the delivery or delivery. The most striking difference is that the source of the pandaples that originated from
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Social pension and that comes from work/effort, the percentage of elderly men with both sources of income is much greater than women. Thus it can be said that elderly men have a better guarantee of life than elderly women.
Others Lansia who are healthy and independent will certainly be able to perform various activities without the help of a person. Another. Of all the elderly, about 85 percent of them can do a variety of activities without the need for other people's help. This percentage should continue to be improved by continuing to improve the quality of life of the population in order to stay healthy and self-sufficient until old age. The elderly woman turned out to be more independent than the elderly. The condition can be seen by the percentage of elderly women who can do without the help of others greater than men (87.85 percent for elderly women of all elderly women and 81.25 percent for elderly males. Of all the old men.
Figure 2.6. Elderly according to the Use of Other People
In activities according to Gender, 2005
46.6
46.5
45.3
45.2
45.2
50.3
60.3
53.4
53.5
54.7
54.8
49.7
39.7
No need for help
Dress
Throw away
Mandi
Eat/drink
PREPARING FOOD
WOMEN ' S MEN
ELDERLY WOMEN NEED MORE HELP FOR dress, urinate and bathe, while older men need more help than others. prepare food and for a meal/drink.
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The most frequently performed activities of the elderly show how old activities/creativity are in the running of life on its old days. The elderly most often do TV and social activities, the percentage of which is more female than men. While elderly males often perform fishing activities, exercise, piknik/travel, read/write and maintain ornacat/fish plants.
2.5. Elderly group
The elderly population is classified based on physical conditions and age travel as well as defined variously by various countries and institutions. Many of them are related to the time of retirement. The United Nations defines an old age limit for 60 years, while the WHO defines 65 years. In Indonesia, in accordance with Law No. 13 of 1998, the Lansia Keecians were established that the old age limit was 60 years. According to the age group, the elderly can be divided into groups, (a) the age of 60-69 is referred to as young elderly; (b) 70-79 years old is referred to as the elderly; and the 80-year-old is referred to as the old elderly. The elderly are also often grouped as an early elderly group (55-64 years); the elderly (65-70 years) group; and the elderly group at high risk (70 years to the top). In addition, the elderly are sometimes grouped according to the degree of self-reliance: (a) elderly (senile), which is no longer able to meet the basic needs of his life, thus depending on others; (b) the elderly are productive. Which is capable of taking care of itself and not dependent on others; and (c) elderly papa (destitute), which is without a sibling or ability to support himself like having no job or income or source. Another for his survival. The elderly are often also grouped according to the residence. The elderly woman may be a female, living alone; (b) an elderly woman who lives with a spouse; (c) the elderly who live with her own son or daughter-in-law or with her spouse.
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CHAPTER III POLICY AND ROLE OF GOVERNMENT
3.1. Policy
On the field of policy has not been seen as a rule, let alone at a level of law that specifically regulates the protection efforts of elderly women. Nevertheless, the policy of protection associated with the protection of the elderly in general, has existed for a long time. The main and fundamental course of course is in our country's constitution, the Constitution of the Constitution of 1945 Article 28 of the letter H verse (3) has confirmed that each person (including the elderly and elderly women) is entitled to a social guarantee that allows development. In one piece as a man of dignity. This policy is corroborated by Law No. 39 of 1999 on the Rights of Human Azation in Article 5 of the paragraph (3) which states that any person who includes a vulnerable group of people (among others) is entitled to the treatment and Protection is more important to its specificness. Further than that in Article 8 it is also stated that protection, submission, enforcement, and fulfillment of human rights are primarily the responsibility of the Government. The next is a law that is indeed composed specifically for the elderly population, namely Law No. 13 of 1998 on the Welfare Of The Ages. In this Act, it is asserted that the efforts of increased elderly social welfare are directed to keep the elderly empowered to play a role in development activities with regard to function, wisdom, knowledge, skills, skills, skills, skills, and skill. the experience, age, and physical condition, and the maintenance of the elderly social welfare. The effort to increase the social welfare of the elderly aims to extend the life of life expectancy and its productive age, its independence and well-being, the culture of the cultural values of the kinship of the Indonesian people as well as more closer to the self-sufficiency of the nation. To the Almighty God. It is said that the elderly have the same rights in public life, nation and countr
4.39
3.59
1.66
2.40
4.77
2.50
3.36
Men Women L + P
Rural Urban Total
Employment Of all the elderly in Indonesia, about 45 percent are still working to earn income or help earn income. Compared to sex, older males are still more employed than females, with a 60.3 percent ratio for elderly males and 30.3 percent for elderly women. Of all the elderly who are still working, most work on the agricultural sector by 69.2 percent, the industrial sector 6.7 percent and services 24.1 perc and cooperation; (4) Setting up the service infrastructure. Through family empowerment and increasing community participation in carrying out elderly health care coaching and care; (5) Improving and fulfillment of the means and amenities according to the elderly needs as well as the ease of service access for the elderly (primary-tertiary). Further, the activities of the government include (1) Conduct and mapping the elderly health; (2) Socializing the rights and obligations of government and society for the elderly; (3) Developing service models. Elderly health; (4) Health care training (general physician, disease specialist, family physician, puskesmas nurse or hospital) about geriatrics and gerontology; (5) Volunteer training, care giver and family; (6) Increase Accessibility of health services for the elderly; and (7) The financing. As for the programs performed are: (1) The program of improved and elderly health care efforts in the means of basic health care is puskesmas; (2) The increased health referral effort for further age to polygeriatrics at RS Strata II and III; (3) Cruciate and dissemination of health information for the elderly; (4) Health care for the elderly and family at home (home care); (5) Improving community empowerment through the elderly group; and (6) the development of the institution A hospitium for the elderly. The first program, carried out by developing the Elderly Puskesmas. The Elderly Manners is a heirloom that performs service to the elderly by prioritizing and preventative aspects alongside curative and rehabilitative aspects, proactively, well and courteous as well as providing ease and support for the work. Old man In some areas, in the elderly, there is a special room for elderly checkups. In addition, there are activities outside the building to provide health care to the elderly. This activity is often referred to as the Lansian Posyandu. Its services types include: activities of daily activities (activities of
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daily living); Mental status check; nutritional status check; general physical examination (blood pressure, pulse, breath, and others); simple laboratory examination; health care; Consultancy; health; other activities such as gymnastics, supplementary feeding, and others. Other activities included in the basic health care service level are elderly health care at home (Home Care Health), a comprehensive health care service that is held at home. This activity aims to establish the elderly and their families in the care of the elderly at home. These activities are attempted by involving the elderly and their families as subjects to participate in planning activities and to be carried out in the form of a team. In this way it is expected to encourage the elderly to achieve healthy and independent conditions. Then given the many elderly people being accommodated in the wredha, the elderly health care activities at the wredha home are also very important. In addition, the elderly and elderly monitoring using an elderly health personal book containing cards to be healthy (KMS) as a recording device and a monitor for knowledge of the earlier disease (early detection). The service of poor elderly can use askeskin funds. Strata II health care in county hospitals and Strata III in provincial hospitals is a promotional, preventative, curative and rehabilitative effort. It is primarily a curative and rehabilitative effort. This service is to follow up on referrals of primary services. In some hospitals the propinsi already has a polyclinic geriatric or neurology community. In the field of health the government is also concerned with health financing issues for the elderly. Health care for the elderly has been increasing. Therefore, the government is developing financing through a health assurance system. Financing can be sourced from: self-payment, government subsidies, social assistance, elderly foundations, healthy funds, social funds and others. Elderly people who have been granted health insurance include poor elderly groups through public health guarantees. The elderly retirees of civil servants get health insurance from the PT. ASKES. As for the elderly from a capable society, it is expected to secure its health financing through commercial health insurance.
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From the description of the elderly protection in the health area above, it is apparent that the attempt is still gender-neutral. It does not appear to be a gender bias, but it is not yet able to be said to be gender responsive. It means that there is no visible concern for the difference between the elderly woman and the elderly male. Social Affairs In the social field, the role of government in the protection of elderly women is primarily handled by the Department of Social Affairs with its broadcasts from central to area. The role of government in this social sphere is mainly based on the social problems of the elderly, among them (1) Physical, mental and social decline; (2) Rawan against disease; (3) Workforce Productivity Decline; restrictive relationships and communication; and (4) The Rawan became the victim of its callers, violence and criminality. To answer various elderly social problems, the government under Government Regulation No. 43 of 2004 On the Efforts of the Elderly Social Welfare Implementation, has established the program, namely (1) Social Services in the Panti; (2) Social Services outside of Panti; (3) Social Institutional; and (4) Social Protection and Accessibility. Social services in the home are implemented to meet the needs of a decent living that includes: (1) Regular Social Services in the Home; (2) Daily Service (Day Care Services); and (3) Cross-Subsidy Services. The implementation of the social services program in the home to date has been pretty much done. The government collaborates with local governments as well as the public. Although the home was established and managed by the central government only 2 units, but there are currently 70 homes administered by local authorities. Whereas those are managed by the public/private number of 165 homes. Thus, there are a total of 237 home units. Social services outside the home are social services devoted to the elderly who are based on family, community, and social organization. The elderly, who are targeted to stay with each other's family, are not accommodated in a dormitory or orphanage. Types of services outside of the home include: (1) Home Care (elderly care and care at home), which is a service of non-potential elderly people in the family environment: food aid, hygiene assistance, treatment. health, assistance, recreation, counseling and referral; (2) Foster Care, i.e. service to the elderly are displaced through the family
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Another person or family replacement. Forms of service equal to home care, which are food aid, hygiene assistance, health care, assistance, recreation, counseling and referral; and (3) Day Care Services (daily service), the social services provided to The temporary age, carr
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In order for the elderly health care policy to be realized, the government pursued operational strategy, in a way: (1) Strengthening the institutional health care of the elderly through the presence of institutions and The institutional well-being of the elderly (from the center to the elderly); (2) Improving the sensitivity, motivation and understanding of family and society against the protection of the elderly; (3) forming a national and foreign network of networks ductive, elderly, elderly, and elderly, elderly. Activities performed in coaching, among them are (1) The increased counseling and guidance of elderly social welfare efforts through a variety of forums, especially through the educational path outside the school (public education); (2) Support Strengthening families and communities to improve the quality of elderly individuals and raise elderly awareness to always be self-alone and
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willing to pass on knowledge and experience; (3) Improvement of elderly quality of life performed with particular courses for the elderly, leniency of education and exercise in technology fields practical, cultural social fields, staging of consulting activities and workforce preparation ahead of retirement and increased physical training together, outward bond elderly, active recreation and so on.
The economic field of one the role of government in the economic field in an elderly protection effort is which is implemented by the Department of Labor with its jajation through various coaching and service programs aimed at the elderly. The target group being targeted is an elderly population that is still potential and productive and residents who are soon to enter the elderly. The general purpose of coaching is to harness the potential and ability and ability of the elderly to be able to play optimally in national development. In particular, the goal is to have an elderly workforce in accordance with their knowledge and experience and expertise in order to improve the quality of life of society. To achieve that goal the Department of Labor has a variety of activities programs, among them: a. Old labor placement services program. It is an attempt
to meet the elderly workforce with the employers in order for the elderly workforce to be able to obtain jobs that match the talent, interest and ability as well as the employers to obtain the appropriate labor force. with needs.
b. Skills improvement program in order to improve and improve skills. Implemented in order to improve the ability, skills, quality and productivity of the elderly workforce to compete with the workforce is generally at the job market.
c. program expansion of employment opportunities for the elderly workforce through self-service guidance. It is an attempt to improve the ability of the elderly not only to enter the work world but rather that it may play a role in creating employment opportunities.
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Other fields In addition to health, social, educational and economic fields, the protection of elderly women in other fields is not so much to tell. In the field of connection, the railway services provide a 20 percent discount for the elderly by showing the ID at the time of purchase. The same price cut was also given by air freight services, but this time it seems to have been no longer in effect. In terms of the provision of special facilities (specialized carriages, special seating, etc.) for the elderly on public transport, to this day are still a non-departmentalized discourse. In other areas of public service, what has happened is the granting of a lifelong KTP facility for the elderly. With this service there is no longer a requirement for the elderly to take care of the KTP every five years.
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CHAPTER IV THE ROLE OF THE INDIVIDUAL, FAMILY AND SOCIETY
4.1. The role of the individual
Being old is a natural process that inevitably happens to anyone. Age is non-negotiable and postponed. Therefore, the life of the elderly can actually be predicted to have even been planned since the age of young. The more early the preparations are done, the better. The elderly life is a continuous phase starting from the young (pralansia) and the elderly phase itself. In the elderly phase, before the problems that come to be dealt with by other parties, the necessary action is how it can be handled alone. This means there are two phases that can be done to give meaning to the protection process alone. First, the phase of the pralansia is a self-protection effort that can be done in the youth that benefits and needs to be felt in the old age. The need to understand the things faced in the old age is a prerequisite to how self-self can plan things that are impacted in the old age. Healthy living, learned conditions and savings must be ventured and planned as young as possible. Secondly, an elderly phase which is an act that can be performed at an aging age before finally being powerless at all and must be helped by other parties. The ability to address problems in an elderly phase on one side is an accumulation of success and planning in youth and self-ability to maintain it after entering the elderly before the problem is encountered unable to resolve it. Handled yourself. Thus, the role that can be done to deal with problems in the elderly phase is already goods of course very long and starts all the way days before homelessness occurs in the elderly. In the pralansia phase, even long before that (as the pralansia phase is often interpreted as 45-60 years old), the preparation efforts were made to keep the population productive until the elderly. Being an elderly is a natural process in human life that we ca n' t possibly avoid. Naturally, due to the aging process the elderly will suffer both physical and mental decline, but on
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in fact it varies between individuals, because the process that each individual is experiencing is usually dependent on a lifestyle when it is young. The age of the elderly is not a time for which one must depend and be a burden, but the age of the elderly can be a pleasant, productive and energetic time without having to feel old and helpless. Many of the elderly are still productive, but others have been dependent on others, although they are relatively young. Therefore, the creation of healthy lifestyles since youth becomes important. The protection of elderly life since youth (pralansia) is the most ideal model of protection. The efforts of elderly protection at a young age will be more effective when directed at all aspects that must be protected, both aspects of health, social, economic and other aspects. To protect health, since pralansia can perform healthy living patterns (eating balanced, rest enough, regular sports, no smoking, no drinking liquor, non-substitute sexual partners, as well as regular health checkups). This is believed, because one's health is largely influenced by his own behavior. The other way is to take part or buy a health insurance policy. The individual role in the maintenance of this health is still lacking. It is only carried out by a small group of people, namely those who are capable and aware of the importance of healthy living. This can be seen from the level of public health insurance coverage that is still low. In order to protect financial conditions in the elderly, the individual pralansia couldewal messages for the next generation; and (3) elderly Education It begins as early as possible to achieve success. The wisdom of the Department of National Education in elderly coaching is conducted in (1) Life skills and health education in elderly groups; (2) the education of safety and independence of the elderly; (3) Education about maintaining Physical freshness in the elderly; (4) Education of elderly skills and productivity; and (5) Environmental education for the elderly. As the target of an elderly education is all the elderly especially elderly and pro economically responsible for the needs of his son. For the husband of the wife who together lives in the parlour or living with a family child or daughter-in-law, the husband's role will certainly be miler. At least the role in economic or financial aspects is usually taken over by the child or son-in-law. Thus the role in the other aspect is what should be taken, namely in the aspects of health, spiritual mental, culture and so on. Children or daughters-in-law have a very vital role in the protection of elderly women. Supported by a generally cultural culture of Indonesian society that upholds the honour of the elderly, it is already a child's "obligation" to provide protection to his parents at the time of the elderly. This role should be on all aspects of protection, but due to ignorance and incompetence, it is generally only a small part of the role that can be done. Generally the child or son-in-law provides only a place of residence, sufficient for the living and the view, and considers it to be finished. While still many other aspects should be protected like his health, his social life, his educational needs, his spiritual life, his cultural life, his environment, his accessibility, as well as his legal and political rights. In protecting elderly women's health, a child or son-in-law should be able to play a role in providing a healthy diet according to his age, observing, alerting and controlling his diet. Examined periodically, not only in the event of a sick complaint and inviting or accompanying the exercise regularly or delivering it to the old sports venues.
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In protecting his social life, a child or son-in-law should be able to facilitate them to be able to continue to communicate with his friends, include in the group/group of the elderly, and give The responsibility of some of the work matches its ability. Whereas in protecting his education that is not another is that his brain is aroused to continue working, a child or son-in-law can play a role in providing favorable reading or connecting them to educational sources. It fits. For mental and spiritual protection, a child does not have to teach, but is contesting in many ways that the elderly may acquire such services, among them by providing an easy offering of worship services. For the elderly, holding home presentations by inviting teachers or ustadz with their audience friends, connecting to existing preservation groups, being friends talk or providing friends to talk and provide. Psychological consultant in case of depression, stress or loneliness. Protection in the cultural aspects of which is the right of elderly women to be able to continue to express their cultural values, the right to the arts, the right to enjoy cultural products and so on. In this case, a child or son-in-law may take a role in helping to provide a facility or provide sufficient access to allow his parents to fulfill his cultural rights. Furthermore, the unimportant is the right of elderly women to get a healthy environment. Here is certainly the role of a child or a very big son-in-law Especially for the elderly who haven't been able to take care of themselves. The quality of the elderly women's environment depends on the people closest to it. The next family role is in the accessibility aspect. It is in this aspect that the family determines whether the life of the elderly is quality or not. Even on all aspects of protection, the main family role is actually in helping the elderly to keep its accessibility on a variety of services. In Indonesia, the intensity of the role of family-especially children/in-laws is different because it is affected by the conditions of the highly diverse region. Based on ethnographic studies in five ethnic groups in Indonesia,
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found that children of different ethnicities had different behaviors in caring for the elderly. In the Batak people, girls are generally more often given help and also tend to parents (elderly) than boys. However, the parents are generally ashamed to accept it. In Java and Bali, the oldest boys economically bear the lives of elderly parents, and the girls are responsible for caring for them, especially the ones where they live close together. In the Bugis, the responsibility for caring for the elderly is given to children who have worked, especially those who live together with the elderly. In the lives of the Indonesian community, the elderly in addition to receiving transfers from their children, there are also others who give transfer. Wirakartakusumah research (1999) of elderly people in Indonesia found that 58 percent of the elderly made their lives out of their own income, 27 percent received support (support) from children or in-law, 19 percent live in life. It's from retirement and husband/wife income. Another study in Kidul Village, East Java found that most of the elderly remained in work or were granted income from retirement. This is because only a few of the respondents had bad health. Using the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) 1993, Munforbidden no found that 62 percent of adult children give transfer to elderly parents living alone. Meanwhile, only 21 percent of adult children receive transfers from elderly parents living alone. The proportion of adult children who give transfers to elderly parents who live alone is higher than those who give a transfer to the elderly who live with a child or daughter-in-law. Thus, it is said that families still play an important role in supporting the elderly, although there are still many elderly people who still work to fulfill their daily lives. Qualitative research in East Java found that the elderly were not considered to be a "burden" of families, but instead they were the backbone of the family economy. Other qualitative research in Yogyakarta and North Sumatra found several informants who recognized that they were still supporting the lives of their adult children who lived with one house.
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Table 4.2. Various activities/family roles in the protection of elderly women.
No Fields
Protection
Family Role
Couple/Husband
Child/Menan tu Cucu
1 Health
o Together preserve the behaviour Live well. o Be a sport friend. o Keep the menu healthy for the elderly. Let's remind you to take a break. {\o} {\cf1} {\cf1 {\cf1} {\cf1 I'm going to get you a medical insurance company, and then you can get a doctor when you're sick. I'm in charge of health care. o provide knowledge/information about healthy living patterns. o accompany the elderly at the sick.
2 Social
o Be a talking friend, a curhat place (companion). o Be a good friend (play). o Connect with a peers, give an opportunity
to meet with his friends. Don't do the same for the elderly. o Giving the elderly to the elderly do his habit
work on the day-to-day housework except the incriminating.
o Educary a grandson to be a companion.
3 Economics o ample the basic needs (sandang, board, food). I'm going to give you the appropriate job. o.
4 Education o Participating the elderly in religious events 6 Culture o Provides an art facility for the elderly. It provides entertainment for the elderly. I'm having a race for the elderly. o Provide an elderly opportunity in the art activities o Provide an elderly chance to participate in The art competitions o provide a means for the elderly women to provide education to young citizens In order to preserve the culture, the custom o gives the elderly a role as a cultural preservation guard. www.djpp.depkumham.go.id
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7 Environment o Maintain a healthy and hospitable environment of the elderly. The environmental campaign is healthy.
8 Asfutility/transport
o Maintain the infrastructure and means of transportation to remain elderly-friendly. o Provide mobility aids for the elderly (sticks, chairs
wheels, and so on).
9 Laws
o Treating the elderly the same in front of the law. o Provide legal assistance services. o Turut maintains the elderly legal rights of the various
possibilities (legacy dsb). o Help the elderly obtain legal assistance when necessary o Report to the authorities if there is a
violence against the elderly o Helping the elderly to obtain its rights as citizens
the country.
10 Politics
o Maintain and does not reduce his political rights as a citizen.
o Gives priority in various political events (pemilu/pilkada).
o Help provide political information. o Assist in the political administration process.
4.4. The role of the business world, the role of the world's role in the protection of elderly and elderly women in general, has not been widely seen. There have not been many companies involved in the elderly protection effort directly. The one that exists is a role indirectly. The role was seen for example in his participation to include his employees as a jamsostek participant with his parental bail or other types of pension programs. Or to include its employees on health insurance programs implicating on the health care of better employees. Another role in the world's other business is to sell products that are indeed the benefit of being acquired at the time of entering retirement or the elderly. This is done by insurance service companies with their insurance products. In addition, the banking company also sells savings or savings products that are combined with the benefits that will be acquired in the future.
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Involvement in the form of social activities through CSR programs (Corporate Social Responsibility) specifically aimed at the protection of elderly and elderly women in general as well. Plenty known. However, the CSR programs included in the form of health care, education, community empowerment, women's empowerment have been quite numerous. It is possible that some of the elderly female groups have been weated through the programs. But for economic empowerment programs, it is somewhat doubtful to touch an elderly group, let alone an elderly woman. This is because in this program it usually applies to maximum age restrictions. Considering the elderly and especially elderly women will continue to expand, as well as paying attention to elderly women who generally need protection, the business world can be encouraged to play a greater role in the protection effort. Elderly women. The role of the business can be done in the form of the development of both the elderly and the social activities. The CSR program can also be directed for the protection efforts of these elderly women. Many forms of activities can be selected such as the granting of santunan, the elderly health care, the provision of elderly care centers (the home of the elderly) to the establishment of a viable home for the elderly.
Table 4.4. Various activities/role world roles that can be performed in the protection of elderly women.
NO Fields
The Protection of World Role Protection
1 Health
o Replacing pension funds for employees/employees. o A free health check for the elderly living in
around the venture site. o give milk and healthy food to the poor elderly. o Provide health care facilities for the elderly (polyclinic
elderly manners).
2 Social o Provides retirement preparatory training for employees. o Provide social assistance to the poor elderly.
3 Economy
o Gives a working opportunity to the elderly still potential.
o Involve the elderly in the community economic empowerment CSR program.
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4 Education
o Replacing education/training in the elderly. o Participate in the eradication of the illiteracy of the elderly. o Provide reading materials for the elderly. o Set up the library ..
5 spiritual spirituates o have religious activities for the elderly.
6 Culture o Organes an art race for the elderly. o Provide an art facility for the elderly.
7 The environment o No polluting the environment. o Berpasrticipation in creating a healthy environment.
8 Asbustbility
o Provides transport facilities for the activities of the elderly group.
o Helps provide the elderly mobility aids (sticks, wheelchairs, and so on).
9 Law o Provides the assistance facility of legal services. o Participate in the activities of the hokum conscious movement for
elderly
10 Politics o Together other community components help the elderly articulate his political rights
MINISTER OF STATE EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN AND CHILD PROTECTION REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA, LINDA AMALIA SARI
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information regarding healthy living patterns. o Help the elderly get health care
free/pontongan.
2 Social
o Have the elderly forum/activities with the elderly. O make an old society. We're having a recreation with the elderly. To visit the elderly to the houses. O provide a companion for the elderly. To train an elderly family for elderly care. The old care campaign. o Provide dispensation/leniency in the elderly for
work on the environment tasks.
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o Provides an honorable position for the elderly in the environmental organization.
o Helping the elderly get social services that are rightward.
3 Economy
o Collect and channel the santunan for the poor old. To set up an elderly general kitchen. To establish an orphanage or an elderly service center. o Provide a working field for the elderly potential. I'm trying the elderly to get a micro-credit. o Fight for empowerment against elderly women
by building cooperation with citizens of the business and government.
4 Education
o Conduct the illiteracy activity of illiteracy. It provides reading materials. Conduct a work/skills training. We're having a retirement training exercise. o Set up the library.
5 Mental Mental.
o Representation. o Make a pilgrimage together. o Provide the psychiatrist o Consulting and religious guidance. The friendly mesjid/church.
elderly. o Keeping environmental security o provides an opportunity for the elderly women to
follow environmental activities (places chirp)
