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International rules of 1972 for the prevention of collisions at sea (Appendix to § 1 of the Regulation on the International Rules of 1972 for the Prevention of Collisions at Sea)

Original Language Title: Internationale Regeln von 1972 zur Verhütung von Zusammenstößen auf See (Anlage zu § 1 der Verordnung zu den Internationalen Regeln von 1972 zur Verhütung von Zusammenstößen auf See)

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International rules of 1972 for the prevention of collisions at sea (Annex to § 1 of the Regulation on the International Rules of 1972 for the Prevention of Collisions At Sea) (Collision Prevention rules-KVR)

Unofficial table of contents

KVR

Date of completion: 13.06.1977

Full quote:

" Conflict prevention rules of 13 June 1977 (BGBl. 816), as last amended by Article 1 (2) of the Regulation of 18 March 2009 (BGBl I). 647).

Status: Last amended by Art. 1 No. 2 V v. 18.3.2009 I 647

For more details, please refer to the menu under Notes

Footnote

The rules are in the BGBl. II 1976, 1023 published with the citation date of 20.10.1972, G v. 29.6.1976 II 1017
Inforce gem. Bek. v. 1.6.1977 II 623 mWv 15.7.1977
Excl.: IdF d. Art. 2 No. 1 V v. 14.6.1989 I 1107 mWv 19.11.1989
(+ + + Text proof applicable: 1.6.1983 + + +)
(+ + + Text of the regulation see: SeeStrOV + + +)

Part A
General

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Rule 1 Application

(a) These rules shall apply to all vehicles on the high seas and to the waters associated with it, which can be driven by sea-going vessels.
(b) These rules shall not affect the special provisions adopted by a competent authority for the reeden, ports, rivers, lakes or inland waters, which are related to the high seas and which are navigable by sea-going vessels. Such special rules shall, as far as possible, be consistent with those rules.
(c) These rules shall not affect the special provisions adopted by the Government of a State relating to additional position or signal lights, signal bodies or sound signals for warships and vehicles in the course of or through additional positions, or signal lights or signal bodies for fishing vessels in a fishing fleet. These additional position or signal lights, signal bodies or sound signals must, if possible, be of such a nature that they cannot be confused with another light, signal body or sound signal that is permissible under these rules.
(d) The organisation may, for the purposes of these rules, lay down traffic zones.
(e) In all cases where a government determines that a particular type of vehicle or use has a rule on the number, attachment, scope or sight range of lights or signal bodies, as well as on the arrangement and characteristics of: The vehicle shall not be able to comply fully with any other provisions relating to the number, installation, scope or sight of lights or signal bodies, as well as the arrangement and characteristics of the vehicle. Sound signalling systems which, in the opinion of the Government concerned, comply with these rules coming next. Unofficial table of contents

Rule 2 Responsibility

(a) These rules shall exempt a vehicle, its owner, master or crew from the consequences arising from insufficient compliance with those rules or inadequate other precautions, which general nautical practice or require special circumstances of the case.
(b) In the interpretation and compliance with those rules, due account shall always be taken of all the dangers of shipping and of clash and of any special circumstances, including obstructing, of the vehicles concerned, which shall be immediate risk of deviating from these rules. Unofficial table of contents

Rule 3 General definitions

Unless otherwise indicated in the context of this rule, the following rules shall apply to these rules:
a)
The term "vehicle" shall mean all watercraft, including non-water-displaced vehicles, ground-effect vehicles and watercraft, which may be used or used as a means of transport on the water.
b)
The term "machine vehicle" refers to a vehicle with a machine drive.
c)
The term "sailing vehicle" means a vehicle under sail, the machine drive of which, if any, is not used.
d)
The term "fishable vehicle" means a vehicle which fishes with nets, lines, trawls or other gear which restrict maneuverability, but not a vehicle with trawling or other fishing gear Fished, which does not restrict maneuverability.
e)
The term "aeroplane" means an aircraft that is set up to maneuver on the water.
f)
The term "maneuverable vehicle" means a vehicle that cannot maneuver as it prescries these rules because of exceptional circumstances and cannot therefore evade another vehicle.
g)
The term 'vehicle manoeuvrable' means a vehicle which is obstructed by the nature of its use, to manoeuvre as it prescribes these rules and therefore cannot avoid another vehicle. The term "vehicle" shall not be used for any other vehicle. "manoeuvrable vehicles" shall include, without being limited to:
i)
A vehicle which supplies, supplies or receives a sea sign, subsea cable or a pipeline;
ii)
a vehicle carrying out excavation, research or surveying, or underwater work;
iii)
a vehicle carrying out supply manoeuvres or carrying on the transfer of persons, equipment or cargo;
iv)
a vehicle on which aircraft start or land;
v)
a vehicle in the mine clearance area;
vi)
a vehicle is to be diverted from the course during a towing operation in which the towing vehicle and its appendix are significantly impeded.
h)
The term "low-speed vehicle" means a machine vehicle which is significantly impeded by its draught in relation to the depth and width of the water which can be driven and which is to be diverted from its course to be followed.
i)
The term "in motion" means that a vehicle is not anchored or fixed on land, nor is there any reason to sit.
j)
The expressions "length" and "width" of a vehicle mean the length over everything and the largest width.
k)
Vehicles are considered to be in sight only when each of them can be perceived optically by the other.
l)
The expression "degraded view" denotes any condition in which the visibility is restricted by fog, thick weather, snowfall, heavy rain, sandstorms, or similar causes.
m)
The term "ground-effect vehicle (BEF)" refers to a vehicle which can be used in various modes of operation and which, in its main mode of operation, flies in close proximity to the surface, taking advantage of the ground effect.

Part B
Soft-and driving rules

Section I
Behaviour of vehicles in all visibility conditions

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Rule 4 Application

The rules of this section apply to all visibility conditions. Unofficial table of contents

Rule 5 Ausguck

Every vehicle must be kept at all times by seeing and hearing and by any other means available which corresponds to the circumstances and conditions, which shall provide a complete overview of the situation and the possibility of: There is a risk of a collision. Unofficial table of contents

Rule 6 Safe speed

Each vehicle must be at a safe speed at all times, so that it can take appropriate and effective measures to avoid a collision and be able to move within a distance to the standing of the given Circumstances and conditions.
In order to determine the safe speed, account must be taken, inter alia, of the following:
a)
Of all vehicles:
i)
the visibility;
ii)
the density of traffic, including accumulations of fishing or other vehicles;
iii)
the maneuverability of the vehicle, taking particular account of the stopping distance and the Dream properties under the given conditions;
iv)
at night a background brightness, e.g. due to lights on land or a back-radiation of your own lights;
v)
the wind, sea and flow conditions and the proximity of shipping hazards;
vi)
the draught in relation to the existing water depth.
b)
In addition to vehicles with operating radar:
i)
the characteristics, the effectiveness and the performance limits of the radar systems;
ii)
any limitation resulting from the switched distance range of the radar;
iii)
the influence of seagoing, weather and other sources of interference on the radar screen;
iv)
the possibility that small vehicles, ice cream and other floating objects will not be located within a sufficient distance by radar;
v)
the number, location and movement of vehicles located on the radar;
vi)
the more precise determination of the visibility, which allows the use of the radar by distance measurement in the vicinity of vehicles or other objects.
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Rule 7 Possibility of danger of a collision

(a) Each vehicle shall determine, by all available means, in accordance with the circumstances and conditions given, whether there is a risk of a collision. In case of doubt, this possibility should be accepted.
(b) In order to receive early warning of the possibility of a risk of collision, an existing and operational radar system must be needed, including the application of the large distance ranges, the plotting or an equivalent systematic procedure for monitoring georted objects.
(c) the consequences of insufficient information, in particular of inadequate radar information, must be kept down.
(d) In order to determine whether there is a risk of a collision, account must be taken, inter alia, of:
i)
Such a possibility should be adopted if the compass pitch of a approaching vehicle does not change appreciably;
ii)
Such a possibility can sometimes also exist if the bearing changes noticeably, in particular when approaching a very large vehicle, to a towing train or to a vehicle.
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Rule 8 Maneuvers to avoid collisions

(a) Each manoeuvre to prevent a collision must be carried out in accordance with the rules of this Part and, if circumstances permit, be determined, in good time and in such a way as to require good seamanship.
(b) any change in the course and/or the speed to avoid a collision must be so large that another vehicle is able to detect it in an optical manner or by radar; successive small Changes in the course and/or speed should be avoided.
(c) If there is sufficient sea space, a change of course alone may be the most effective measure of the near range, provided that it is carried out in good time, is carried out and does not lead to a different close range.
(d) A maneuver to avoid a collision with another vehicle must lead to a safe passage distance. The effectiveness of the maneuver must be carefully checked until the other vehicle is finally over and clear.
(e) In order to avoid a collision or to take more time to assess the situation, a vehicle must, if necessary, reduce its journey or take away any journey by stopping or reversing it.
f)
i)
A vehicle which, on the basis of one of these rules, is obliged not to obstruct the passage or safe passage of another vehicle, shall, where circumstances so require, take early measures to ensure sufficient space for the safe passage of the vehicle. To let the other vehicle pass through.
ii)
A vehicle which is obliged not to obstruct the passage or safe passage of another vehicle shall not be exempted from this obligation if it approaches the other vehicle in such a way that the possibility of danger of a vehicle is not liable to be In the event of a breach, and where action is taken, it must take full account of the measures laid down in accordance with the rules of this part.
iii)
A vehicle whose passage may not be impeded shall be fully obliged to comply with the rules of this Part if the two vehicles approach each other in such a way that there is a risk of a collision.
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Rule 9 Enge Fahrwasser

(a) A vehicle which follows the direction of a narrow running water or a driving trough shall be kept as close to the outer edge of the running water or the driving trough on its starboard side as is possible without danger.
(b) A vehicle of less than 20 metres in length or a sailing vehicle shall not hinder the passage of a vehicle which can only be safely driven within a narrow driveway or a driveway.
(c) A fishing vehicle must not hamper the passage of another vehicle which is travelling within a narrow driveway or a driveway.
(d) A vehicle shall not be allowed to cross a tight driveway or a lane if it hinders the passage of a vehicle which can only be safely driven within such a driveway or in such a driving trough. The latter vehicle may give the sound signal prescribed in Rule 34 (d), if it is in doubt about the intentions of the crossing vehicle.
e)
i)
If the vehicle to be overhauled can be overhauled in a tight drip or in a drier only if the vehicle to be overhauled is involved, the overtaking vehicle must indicate its intention by means of the corresponding signal in accordance with Rule 34 (c) (i). If the vehicle to be overhauled is in agreement, it must give the appropriate signal in accordance with Rule 34 (c) (ii) and take measures to ensure that it is safe. In case of doubt, there may be the signals prescribed in Rule 34 (d).
ii)
This rule does not exempt the overtaking vehicle from its obligation under Rule 13.
(f) A vehicle approaching a curvature or a section of a narrow running water or a lane where other vehicles may be covered by an intermediate sight obstacle must be given special attention and caution and give the appropriate signal in accordance with Rule 34 (e).
(g) Each vehicle must, if the circumstances permit, avoid the anchorage in a narrow drivway. Unofficial table of contents

Rule 10 Transport areas

(a) This rule shall apply in areas of traffic separation established by the Organization; it shall not exempt a vehicle from its obligation on the basis of another rule.
(b) A vehicle which uses a traffic separation area must:
i)
on the corresponding one-way path in the general direction of traffic on this road;
ii)
keep, as far as possible, clear from the dividing line or the separation zone;
iii)
As a rule, the ends of the one-way path run in or out; however, if it runs in or out of the side, this must take place at the smallest possible angle to the general direction of traffic.
(c) A vehicle must, as far as possible, avoid the transverse movement of the one-way paths; if, however, it is forced to cross the vehicle, this must be carried out as far as possible with the direction of the keel at right angles to the general direction of traffic.
d)
i)
A vehicle shall not be allowed to use a coastal zone if it can safely drive the corresponding one-way path of the adjacent traffic area. However, vehicles of less than 20 metres in length, sailing vessels and fishing vessels shall be allowed to use the coastal zone.
ii)
Notwithstanding paragraph i, a vehicle may use a coastal zone where it is on the way to, or from, a port, facility or structure off the coast, a pilot station or any other within the coastal zone is located, or to avert an immediate danger.
(e) Except for crossing or entering a one-way route or leaving a one-way route, a vehicle may not, as a general rule, enter a separation zone or run over a dividing line, with the exception of:
i)
in emergencies, to avert an imminent danger;
ii)
for fish within a separation zone.
(f) In the area of access to and exit from the traffic areas, a vehicle must be used with particular caution.
(g) A vehicle must, as far as possible, avoid the anchorage within a traffic area or in the area of access and departure.
(h) A vehicle which does not use a traffic separation zone shall keep the distance as far as possible from the road.
(i) A fishing vehicle shall not hinder the passage of a vehicle on the one-way path.
(j) A vehicle of less than 20 metres in length or a sailing vehicle shall not hinder the safe passage of a machine vehicle on the one-way path.
(k) A manoeuvrable vehicle which carries out work in a transport area for the maintenance of the safety of navigation is exempted from compliance with this rule to the extent that this is necessary for the execution of the work.
(l) A manoeuvrable vehicle which supplies, supplies or receives subsea cables in a traffic area shall be exempted from compliance with this rule as far as is necessary for the execution of the work.

Section II
Behaviour of vehicles which have one another in sight

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Rule 11 Application

The rules of this section apply to vehicles that have one another in sight. Unofficial table of contents

Rule 12 Sailing vehicles

(a) If two sailing vehicles approach each other in such a way that there is a possibility of a collision, one of the following must be evawed as follows:
i)
If they do not have the wind from the same side, the vehicle that has the wind from the backboard must yield to the other;
ii)
if they have the wind from the same side, the luvtic vehicle must yield to the leeward;
iii)
if a vehicle with wind of backboard is sighting a vehicle in Luv and can't determine with certainty whether the other vehicle has the wind of backbord or of starboard, it has to avoid the other vehicle.
(b) In the sense of this rule, the hatch side is the side opposite to the set large sail, on Rahseglern the side opposite to the largest set of scratches. Unofficial table of contents

Rule 13 Overtaking

(a) In respect of the rules of Part B, Sections I and II, each vehicle must evade the other during overtaking.
(b) A vehicle shall be considered to be an overtaking vehicle if it approaches another from a direction of more than 22.5 degrees more achterially than transversely and therefore stands in relation to the vehicle to be overhauled in such a way that at night it is only the rear light thereof, but none of the side lights could see.
(c) If a vehicle cannot safely identify whether it is overtaking another, it must accept it and act accordingly.
(d) By a subsequent amendment to the bearing, the overtaking vehicle will not become a crossing within the meaning of these rules, nor will it be exempted from the obligation to evade the other vehicle until it has clearly passed it. Unofficial table of contents

Rule 14 Opposite Courses

(a) if two machinery vehicles are approaching each other on opposite or almost opposite courses so that there is a possibility of a collision, each shall change its course to the starboard so as to enable each other to: Backbord side happen.
(b) Such a situation must be adopted if a vehicle looks at the other right ahead or almost quite ahead, at night sees the topping lights of the other in line or almost in line and/or both side lights, and on the day the other vehicle accordingly.
(c) If a vehicle cannot reliably detect whether such a situation exists, then it must proceed from it and act accordingly. Unofficial table of contents

Rule 15 Cross-crossing courses

If the courses of two machine vehicles cross each other in such a way that there is the possibility of a collision, the one which the other has on its side of the starboard must avoid the risk of a collision; if the circumstances permit it, it must be avoided that: To cross the bow of the other vehicle. Unofficial table of contents

Rule 16 Measures taken by the alternate person

Every vehicle, which is subject to an evasive procedure, must act as early as possible and through it in order to keep itself clearly clear. Unofficial table of contents

Rule 17 Measures of the Kurshage

a)
i)
If two vehicles have to avoid one, then the other course and speed must be maintained (course holder).
ii)
However, the course holder may manoeuvre itself to avert a collision as soon as it becomes clear that the evasive person is not acting properly in accordance with those rules.
(b) If, for any reason, the course holder has come so close to the evasive person that a collision can not be avoided by manoeuvre of the latter alone, the course holder must maneuver in the manner in which it is necessary to prevent a collision is most useful.
(c) A machine vehicle which manoeuvres in the case of crossing courses referred to in point (a) (ii) in order to avoid colliding with another machine vehicle shall, if circumstances permit, take the course of its course with respect to a vehicle at its Do not change the backboard side to the backboard.
(d) This rule does not exempt the evaseable vehicle from its obligation to evociate. Unofficial table of contents

Rule 18 Responsibilities of the vehicles

Save as otherwise provided in Rules 9, 10 and 13, the following shall apply:
a)
A machine vehicle in travel must avoid
i)
a vehicle that is not capable of manoeuvring;
ii)
a manoeuvrable vehicle;
iii)
a fishing vessel;
iv)
a sailing vehicle.
b)
A sailing vehicle in travel must avoid
i)
a vehicle that is not capable of manoeuvring;
ii)
a manoeuvrable vehicle;
iii)
a fishing vehicle.
c)
Where possible, a fishing vessel shall, where possible, soften the vehicle.
i)
a maneuverable vehicle;
ii)
a manoeuvrable vehicle.
d)
i)
Each vehicle, with the exception of a maneuverable or manoeuvrable disabled person, shall, if circumstances permit, avoid hindering the safe passage of a low-speed vehicle showing signals in accordance with Rule 28.
ii)
A low-speed vehicle must navigate with particular caution in the light of its particular condition.
e)
A water jet on the water must, as a rule, be kept well clear from all vehicles and avoid obstructing their manoeuvres. However, as soon as there is a possibility of a collision, it is necessary to follow the rules of this part.
f)
i)
A ground-effect vehicle must be clearly understood and avoided at the start, landing and near-surface flight of all vehicles, and avoid obstructing their manoeuvres; ii)
a ground-effect vehicle operated on the surface of the water must comply with the rules of this part for machinery vehicles.

Section III
Behaviour of vehicles in the case of reduced visibility

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Rule 19 Behavior of vehicles in the case of reduced visibility

(a) This rule shall apply to vehicles which do not have one another in sight when driving within or in the vicinity of an area with a reduced visibility.
(b) Each vehicle shall be driven at a safe speed which is adapted to the circumstances and conditions of the reduced vision. A machine vehicle must keep its machinery ready for immediate manoeuvre.
(c) In order to comply with the rules in Section I, each vehicle must take account of the circumstances and conditions of the reduced vision.
(d) A vehicle which only places a radar on another vehicle must determine whether a near-range position is developed and/or whether there is a risk of a collision. If this is the case, it must take countermeasures at an early stage; therefore, if it changes its course, it must, as far as possible, avoid:
i)
a change of course to the backboard compared to a vehicle more in excess than in the case of overtaking;
ii)
a change of course to a vehicle that is more or less more cross-sectional or more than a cross-country.
(e) In addition to the fact that there is no possibility of danger of collision, any vehicle which appears to be more likely to hear the fog signal of another vehicle or to have one near-range position with another vehicle must be considered to be dangerous. more than in the case of a crossroad, it is not possible to reduce its journey to the lowest possible level for the maintenance of the tax. If necessary, it must take away any journey and, in any case, manoeuvre it with extreme caution until the risk of a collision is over.

Part C
Light and signal body

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Rule 20 Application

a) The rules of this part must be followed in any weather.
(b) The rules relating to lights must be followed between sunset and sunrise; during that period no lights may be led or shown which may be confused with the lights referred to in those rules, the lights of which shall be Impair visibility or discernment or hinder the proper look-out.
(c) In the case of reduced visibility, the lights prescribed in those rules must also be guided or shown between sunrise and sunset, in all other cases, where they are carried out or shown, if: it is considered necessary.
(d) The rules on signal bodies must be followed in the day.
(e) The lights and signal bodies referred to in these rules shall comply with the provisions of Annex I. Unofficial table of contents

Rule 21 Definitions

(a) "Topplight" means a white light over the longitudinal axis of the vehicle, which appears to be unimpeded over a horizontal arc of 225 degrees, from quite ahead to 22.5 degrees more achterier than from each side of the side.
(b) "side lights" means a green light on the starboard side and a red light on the back-board side, each of which seems to be unimpeded over a horizontal arc of 112.5 degrees, depending on the page in question, from right to 22.5 degrees more achternal than crosswise. On a vehicle of less than 20 metres in length, the side lights may be guided in a two-colour lamp above the longitudinal axis.
(c) "taillight" means a white light which is as close as possible to the rear and which appears to be unimpeded over a horizontal arc of 135 degrees, by 67.5 degrees on each side of the same.
(d) "tow light" means a yellow light with the characteristics of the rear light described in (c).
(e) "All-round light" means a light that seems to be unimpeded over a 360 degree horizon.
f) "sparkle light" means a light with 120 or more regular light phenomena in the minute. Unofficial table of contents

Rule 22 The wing of the lights

The lights prescribed in these rules shall have the levels of light specified in Section 8 of Annex I, so that the following minimum levels shall be achieved:
a)
On vehicles of 50 and more meters in length
-
Topplicht, 6 nautical miles;
-
Side light, 3 nautical miles;
-
rear light, 3 nautical miles;
-
Towed light, 3 nautical miles;
-
white, red, green or yellow all-round light, 3 nautical miles.
b)
On vehicles of 12 and more, but less than 50 metres in length
-
Topplicht, 5 nautical miles; on vehicles of less than 20 metres in length, 3 nautical miles;
-
Side light, 2 nautical miles;
-
rear light, 2 nautical miles;
-
Towed light, 2 nautical miles;
-
white, red, green or yellow all-round light, 2 nautical miles.
c)
On vehicles of less than 12 metres in length
-
Topplicht, 2 nautical miles;
-
Side light, 1 nautic mile;
-
rear light, 2 nautical miles;
-
Towed light, 2 nautical miles;
-
white, red, green or yellow all-round light, 2 nautical miles.
d)
On difficult recognizable, partially dipped vehicles or objects that are towed,
-
white all-round light, 3 nautical miles.
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Rule 23 Machine vehicles in voyage

(a) a machine vehicle must be carried
i)
a topple in the front;
ii)
a second topping light is more eighth and higher than the front; a vehicle of less than 50 metres in length can carry such a light, but is not obliged to do so;
iii)
Side lights;
iv)
a tail light.
(b) An air cushion vehicle navigating in a non-water-displaced condition shall, in addition to the lights prescribed in point (a), carry a yellow all-round light as a sparkle light.
(c) Only in the case of takeoff, landing and near-surface flight, a ground-effect vehicle must, in addition to the lights required under (a), lead to a powerful red all-round light as a sparkle.
d)
i)
A machine vehicle of less than 12 metres in length shall, in place of the lights referred to in point (a), have a white all-round light and side lights;
ii)
a machine vehicle of less than 7 metres in length, the maximum speed of which does not exceed 7 knots, shall, in place of the lights referred to in point (a), be a white all-round light and, if possible, must also lead to side lights;
iii)
the topping light or the white all-round light on a machine vehicle of less than 12 metres in length may be guided outside the longitudinal axis of the vehicle if it is not possible to affix the vehicle above the longitudinal axis, provided that the side lights are not fitted with the vehicle. guided in a two-colour lamp above the longitudinal axis of the vehicle, or as close as possible to the same longitudinal axis as the topplight or the white all-round light.
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Rule 24 towing and pushing

(a) A towing machine vehicle must lead
i)
In place of the light prescribed in Rule 23 (a) (i) or (ii), two topplights vertically above one another. If the towing train from the rear of the towing vehicle to the end of the annex is longer than 200 metres, three such lights are vertically superimposed;
ii)
Side lights;
iii)
a tail light;
iv)
a drag light perpendicular to the rear light;
v)
if the trawl is longer than 200 meters, a rhombus-shaped signal body where it can best be seen.
(b) If a bulkhead and a sled vehicle are rigidly connected to each other to form a compound unit, they shall be considered to be a machine vehicle and shall lead to the lights prescribed in regulation 23.
(c) a machine vehicle, which is slow or sluggled on the side, must, except in the case of a compound unit, carry
i)
in place of the light prescribed in Rule 23 (a) (i) or (ii), two topplights vertically above one another;
ii)
Side lights;
iii)
a tail light.
(d) A machine vehicle for which point (a) or (c) applies this rule must also comply with Rule 23 (a) (ii).
(e) A towed vehicle or a towed object, with the exception of the one referred to in point (g), must lead:
i)
Side lights;
ii)
a tail light;
iii)
if the trawl is longer than 200 meters, a rhombus-shaped signal body where it can best be seen.
(f) In any number of vehicles dragged on or in a group, the lights must lead like a single vehicle, where:
i)
a moving vehicle, which is not part of a compound unit, must lead in front of the side lights;
ii)
a vehicle, which is towed on the longitudinal side, must lead to a rear light and to the front side lights.
(g) A poorly recognisable, partially thawed, towed vehicle, or a poorly recognisable, partially thawed, towed object, or a combination of such vehicles or objects, must lead to:
i)
in the case of a width of less than 25 metres, a white all-round light at or near the front and rear ends, where transport hoses do not require the front light to be led;
ii)
with a width of 25 and more meters, two additional white all-round lights on or near the outer sides;
iii)
in the case of a length of more than 100 metres, additional white all-round lights between the lights prescribed under points (i) and (ii), so that the distance between the lights shall not exceed 100 metres;
iv)
a rhombus-shaped signal body at or near the outermost end of the last towed vehicle or object and, if the trawl is longer than 200 meters, additionally a rhombus-shaped signal body where it is best seen can, and as far forward as possible.
(h) If a towed vehicle or a towed item cannot carry the lights or signal bodies prescribed in point (e) or (g) for a justifiable reason, all possible measures shall be taken to ensure that the towed vehicle or the body of a towed vehicle is used for the purpose of: To illuminate the vehicle or the towed object, or to make the presence of such a vehicle or object at least recognizable.
(i) If a vehicle customarily not used for towing operations cannot show the lights required under (a) or (c) for a justifiable reason, it does not need to have those lights if it drags another vehicle, that is in distress or that needs help for other reasons. All possible measures allowed under Rule 36 must be taken in order to identify the type of connection between the towing vehicle and the towed vehicle, in particular by lighting the towed lees. Unofficial table of contents

Rule 25 Sailing vehicles in voyage and vehicles under Ruder

(a) A sailing vehicle must lead to a journey
i)
Side lights;
ii)
a tail light.
(b) On a sailing vehicle of less than 20 metres in length, the lights referred to in point (a) may be combined in a three-colour lantern which is attached to or near the mast top where it can best be seen.
(c) In addition to the lights referred to in point (a), a sailing vehicle may, in addition to the lights on or near the mast top, lead two all-round lights vertically above one another where they can best be seen, namely the upper red and the lower green; however, these lights may not be led together with the three-colour lantern referred to in point (b).
d)
i)
A sailing vessel of less than 7 metres in length shall, where possible, lead to the lights prescribed in point (a) or (b); otherwise, an electric lamp or a lit lantern must be held ready for use with a white light. and be shown in time to prevent a clash.
ii)
A vehicle under oars may lead to the lights prescribed in this rule for sailing vessels; otherwise an electric lamp or a lit lantern with a white light must be held ready for use and shown in good time in order to prevent a clash.
(e) A vehicle under sail, which simultaneously drives with the power of the machine, must carry a cone-tip at the bottom of the forward vessel-where it can best be seen. Unofficial table of contents

Rule 26 fishing vessels

(a) Only the lights and the signal bodies prescribed in this rule may be used for the fishing of the vehicle in the course of the journey or in the event of anchorage.
(b) A fishing trawler, that is to say a vehicle which drags a trawling or other fishing gear through the water, must lead
i)
two all-round lights vertically above one another, the upper green and the lower white, or an hour glass;
ii)
a topping light is more eighth and higher than the green all-round light; a vehicle of less than 50 metres in length can lead to such a light, but is not obliged to do so;
iii)
in addition to the lights prescribed under this letter, side lights and a rear light when travelling through the water.
(c) A fishing vessel which does not trawlt must lead
i)
two all-round lights vertically above one another, the upper red and the lower white, or an hour glass;
ii)
in the case of a fishing gear, which extends horizontally more than 150 metres into the water, a white all-round light or a cone-tip top-in the direction of the fishing gear;
iii)
in addition to the lights prescribed under this letter, side lights and a rear light when travelling through the water.
(d) The signals described in Annex II, in addition to those rules, shall apply to a fishing vessel located in the immediate vicinity of other fishing vessels.
(e) A non-fished vehicle shall not carry the lights or signal bodies prescribed in this regulation, but only those prescribed for a vehicle of its length. Unofficial table of contents

Rule 27 Maneuverable or manoeuvrable vehicles

(a) A maneuverable vehicle must lead
i)
two red all-round lights vertically above one another where they can best be seen;
ii)
two balls or similar signal bodies vertically one above the other, where they can best be seen;
iii)
in addition to the lights prescribed under this letter, side lights and a rear light when travelling through the water.
(b) a manoeuvrable vehicle, with the exception of a vehicle in the case of mine clearance, must lead to:
i)
three all-round lights vertically on top of each other where they can best be seen. The upper and the lower light must be red, the middle must be white;
ii)
three signal bodies vertically above one another where they can best be seen. The upper and the lower signal bodies must be balls, the middle must be a rhombus;
iii)
in the case of a journey through the water, in addition to the lights prescribed in point (i), a topple or a number of topplights and side lights and a rear light;
iv)
in addition to the lights or signal bodies prescribed under i and ii below, the light, the lights or the signal body in accordance with rule 30.
(c) in addition to the lights prescribed in Rule 24 (a), a towing machine vehicle must depart from the course during a towing operation in which the towing vehicle and its appendix are significantly impeded; or Signal bodies lead to the lights or signal bodies referred to in point (b) (i) and (ii) of this rule.
(d) a manoeuvrable vehicle carrying out excavation or underwater work must carry the lights or signal bodies prescribed in point (b) (i), (ii) and (iii), and, in the event of a disability,
i)
two red round lights or two balls vertically above one another to indicate the side where the disability exists;
ii)
two green round lights or two rhombos vertically above one another to indicate the passing side for another vehicle;
iii)
in place of the lights or the signal body in accordance with regulation 30, the light or signal body prescribed under this letter.
(e) if the size of a vehicle in diver's work makes it impossible to carry out all the lights and signal bodies prescribed in point (d), it shall be possible to:
i)
three all-round lights, vertically one above the other, where they can best be seen. The upper and the lower light must be red, the middle must be white;
ii)
the flag "A" of the International Signal Book as a table of at least 1 metre high. Their all-round visibility must be ensured.
(f) In addition to the lights prescribed in regulation 23 for machinery or to the lights or the body of the signal in accordance with regulation 30 for a vehicle, a vehicle in the mine clearance must lead three green or three balls in front of the anchor. One of these lights, or one of these signal bodies, must be guided close to the pre-mast top and one or one at each end of the front rah. These lights or signal bodies indicate that it is dangerous for other vehicles to approach the mine-clearing vehicle at less than 1,000 meters.
(g) vehicles of less than 12 metres in length, with the exception of such vehicles carrying out divers ' work, do not need to have the lights and the signal bodies prescribed in this regulation.
(h) The signals prescribed in this regulation are not emergency signals which require assistance. Such signals are listed in Annex IV. Unofficial table of contents

Rule 28 Low-speed vehicles

In addition to the lights prescribed in regulation 23 for machinery vehicles, a low-speed vehicle may lead three red all-round lights vertically above one another or a cylinder where they can best be seen. Unofficial table of contents

Rule 29 Lotto vehicles

(a) A vehicle in the Lotsdienst must lead
i)
at or near the mast top two all-round lights vertically above one another, the upper white and the lower red;
ii)
in addition, side lights and a rear light;
iii)
in addition to the lights prescribed in point (i), the light or the lights or the signal body, which are prescribed in regulation 30 for vehicles in front of the anchors.
(b) A pilotage vehicle which is not in the lobe service shall carry the lights or signal bodies prescribed for a vehicle of its length. Unofficial table of contents

Rule 30 Vehicles in front of anchor and on the ground

a) A vehicle in front of the anchor must be there where it can best be seen
i)
in the front part, a white all-round light or a ball;
ii)
at or near the rear, a white all-round light lower than the light according to point i.
(b) A vehicle in front of anchors of less than 50 metres in length may, instead of the lights referred to in point (a), lead to a white all-round light where it can best be seen.
(c) A vehicle in front of the anchor may also switch on the existing deck lights or equivalent lights to illuminate the decks; if the vehicle is 100 and more metres long, then it shall be obliged to do so.
(d) a vehicle must lead to the lights prescribed in point (a) or (b) and, in addition, where it is best to be seen,
i)
two red all-round lights vertically above one another;
ii)
three balls vertically one above the other.
(e) A vehicle of less than 7 metres in length in front of the anchor, which is not located in a narrow running water, a driving trough, or in a talk or close to or where other vehicles are normally driving, does not need to be covered by the points (a) and (b), or the body of the signal prescribed in that paragraph.
(f) A vehicle of less than 12 metres in length must not result in the lights or signal bodies referred to in points (d) (i) and (ii) of this paragraph. Unofficial table of contents

Rule 31 Waterplanes

Rule 31 Waterplanes
If a watercraft or a ground-effect vehicle cannot carry any lights or signal bodies, the characteristics or arrangement of which correspond to the rules of this part, it shall lead to light and signal bodies, the characteristics and arrangement of which shall be such as be as comparable as possible.

Part D
Sound and light signals

Unofficial table of contents

Rule 32 Definitions

(a) The term "pipe" means a sound signalling system with which the prescribed tones can be given and which corresponds to the requirements of Appendix III.
(b) The term "short sound" shall mean a tone of about one second duration.
(c) The term "long tone" shall mean a sound of four to six seconds duration. Unofficial table of contents

Rule 33 Equipment for sound signals

(a) A vehicle of 12 and more metres in length must be fitted with a pipe, a vehicle of 20 and more metres in length, in addition to the pipe with a bell and a vehicle of 100 and more metres in length, in addition to a gong, which shall, in accordance with sound and sound, be fitted with a bell and a vehicle. Sound cannot be confused with the bell. The pipe, the bell and the gong must comply with the requirements of Appendix III. The bell or the gong, or both, may be replaced by another device with appropriate sound characteristics, provided that the delivery of the prescribed signals is also possible by hand at any time.
(b) A vehicle of less than 12 metres in length does not need to carry sound signal installations in accordance with point (a), but must then be provided with another device for emitting a powerful sound signal. Unofficial table of contents

Rule 34 manoeuvres and warning signals

(a) If vehicles are in sight, a machine vehicle in driving maneuvering according to these rules shall indicate the manoeuvre by means of the following pipe signals:
-
a short note with the meaning "I change my course to starboard";
-
Two short notes with the meaning "I change my course to backbord";
-
three short notes with the meaning "I work backwards".
(b) A vehicle may supplement the pipe signals referred to in point (a) by means of light signals which are repeated during the duration of the manoeuvre, where necessary.
i)
These light signals have the following meanings:
-
a lightning: "I change my course to starboard";
-
two flashes: "I change my course to backbord";
-
three flashes: "I work backwards";
ii)
the duration of a flash must be about one second, the pause between the flashes about one second and the pause between successive signals for at least ten seconds;
iii)
the light used for this signal must be a white all-round light which is visible at least 5 nautical miles and which corresponds to the provisions of Appendix I.
(c) If vehicles are in sight in a narrow lane or in a driving channel, the following shall apply:
i)
In accordance with Rule 9 (e) (i), an overtaking vehicle shall indicate its intention by means of the following pipe signals:
-
two long notes and a short note with the meaning "I intend to overtake you on your starboard side";
-
two long and two short notes with the meaning "I intend to overtake you on your back-board".
ii)
The vehicle to be overhauled, if it acts in accordance with Rule 9 (e) (i), must indicate its approval by the following pipe signal:
-
a long, a short, a long, a short sound.
(d) where vehicles are approaching one another and one for some reason does not understand the intention or measures of the other or whether the other is sufficiently maneuverable to prevent a collision, it must immediately be display at least five short, fast successive whistling tones. This signal may be supplemented by a light signal of at least five short, rapidly successive flashes.
(e) A vehicle approaching a curvature or section of a driving water or a driving trough, where other vehicles may be covered by a visual obstacle, must be of a long tone. Each approaching vehicle, which hears this signal beyond the curvature or the sight obstacle, must answer it with a long sound.
(f) If pipes are mounted on a vehicle at a distance of more than 100 metres, only one pipe may be used to supply maneuver or warning signals. Unofficial table of contents

Rule 35 Sound signals in the case of reduced visibility

Within or near an area with a reduced visibility, the following signals must be given on the day or at night:
a)
A machine vehicle that makes the journey through the water must have a long sound at least every 2 minutes.
b)
A machine vehicle in driving which has stopped its machine and does not make a journey through the water must give at least every 2 minutes two successive long notes with a space of about 2 seconds.
c)
A maneuverable vehicle, a manoeuvrable vehicle, a vehicle with a disability, a sailing vehicle, a vehicle and a vehicle towing or pushing another vehicle must be replaced by a vehicle with a vehicle, a vehicle, and a vehicle which drags or pushes another vehicle, in place of the vehicle under (a) or (b) At least every 2 minutes at least three consecutive tones-long, short, short-give.
d)
A vehicle caught in front of the anchor and a manoeuvrable vehicle which is anchor in the execution of its work shall, instead of the signals prescribed in point (g), give the signal required under (c).
e)
A towed vehicle or the last vehicle of a towing train must, if manned, give at least every 2 minutes four consecutive tones-long, short, short, short. This signal must be given as soon as possible after the signal of the towing vehicle.
f)
Where a boat and a sled vehicle are rigidly connected to each other to form a compound unit, they shall be deemed to be a machine vehicle and shall be accompanied by the signals required under (a) or (b).
g)
A vehicle in front of the anchor must rapidly ring the bell at least every minute for about 5 seconds. A vehicle of 100 and more metres in length must ring the bell on the front ship and immediately afterwards hit the gong quickly on the roller coaster for about 5 seconds. In addition, a vehicle in front of the anchor may give three consecutive tones-short, long, short-to indicate its location to a approaching vehicle and warn it of a possible collision.
h)
A vehicle on the ground shall give the bell signal and, where required, the gong signal referred to in point (g) and, in addition immediately before and after the rapid bell ringing, three sharply separated bell bells. A vehicle on the ground may also give a suitable pipe signal.
i)
A vehicle with a length of 12 or more, but less than 20 metres, shall not give the bell signals prescribed under the letters g and h. However, there must then be a different strong sound signal at least every 2 minutes.
j)
A vehicle of less than 12 metres in length does not need to give the above-mentioned signals, but must then give a different strong sound signal at least every 2 minutes.
k)
In addition to the signals required under (a), (b) or (g), a pilot vehicle in the Lots Service may give a recognition signal of four short tones.
Unofficial table of contents

Rule 36 Attention signals

Where it is necessary to attract the attention of another vehicle, a vehicle may give light or sound signals which cannot be confused with other signals in accordance with those rules; it may also be liable to cause its headlight to be at risk. by not confusing other vehicles as a result. Any light which is intended to attract the attention of another vehicle must be such that it cannot be confused with a ship's sign. For the purposes of this rule, the use of high luminous intensity is to be avoided in the case of interrupted lights or rotary lights, for example, lights with an encircleated glare card. Unofficial table of contents

Rule 37 Emergency signals

If a vehicle is in distress and calls for assistance, it must use or show the signals described in Annex IV.

Part E
Exemptions

Unofficial table of contents

Rule 38 Liberation

A vehicle (or vehicle class) which was placed on the keel prior to the entry into force of these rules or which was in a corresponding state of construction may, if it (it) comply with the provisions of the 1960 International Rules for the Prevention of Clashes at sea are to be exempted from compliance with the present rules as follows:
a)
Installation of the lights with the limits prescribed in regulation 22 within four years from the date of entry into force of these rules.
b)
Installation of the lights with the colours referred to in Section 7 of Annex I within four years from the date of entry into force of these rules.
c)
Permanent liberation from the displacement of the lights as a result of the transition from British to metric measurements and their rounding.
d)
i)
Permanent relief from the displacement of the topplights to vehicles of less than 150 metres in length in accordance with the provisions of Section 3 (a) of Annex I.
ii)
Displacement of the topping lights on vehicles of 150 and more metres in length, in accordance with the requirements of Section 3 (a) of Annex I, within nine years from the date of entry into force of these rules.
e)
Translation of the Topplichter in accordance with the provisions of Section 2 (b) of Annex I within nine years from the date of entry into force of these Rules.
f)
Translation of the side lights in accordance with the requirements of Section 2 (g) and Section 3 (b) of Annex I, within nine years from the date of entry into force of these Rules.
g)
Regulations relating to sound signalling systems according to Appendix III within nine years from the date of entry into force of these rules.
h)
Permanent relief from the displacement of the all-round lights in accordance with the requirements of Section 9 (b) of Annex I.
Unofficial table of contents

Appendix I Arrangement and technical details of the lights and signal bodies

1.
Definition
The expression "height above the hull" means the height above the uppermost continuous deck. This height shall be measured from a point perpendicular to the place of application of the light.
2.
Vertical arrangement and vertical distance of the lights
(a) On a machine vehicle of 20 and more metres in length, the topping lights shall be fitted as follows:
i)
the front or, where appropriate, the single topplight at a height of at least 6 metres above the hull; if the vehicle is wider than 6 metres, at least equal to the width of the vehicle; however, it does not need to be higher than 12 metres above the hull;
ii)
if two topplights are to be carried, the rear must be at least 4.5 metres higher than the front.
(b) the vertical distance between the topping lights of a machine vehicle shall be so large that the rear topplight in all normal trimming positions shall be 1000 metres from the front and from the surface of the water above the front topple and separate from the is seen to him.
(c) the topping light of a machine vehicle of at least 12 metres, but less than 20 metres in length, must be fitted at a height of at least 2.5 metres above the cover.
(d) A machine vehicle of less than 12 metres in length shall be subject to the top light at a height of less than 2.5 metres above the cover. However, in addition to the side lights, in addition to the side lights and the rear light, or in addition to the side lights, in addition to the side lights and the rear light, or in addition to the side lights, the headlight or the all-round light must be at least 1 metre higher than the Side lights are guided.
(e) One of the two or three topplights required for a machine vehicle when towing or pushing another vehicle must be fitted in the same place as the front or rear topplight; however, if it is at the rear of the vehicle, the rear light must be fitted to the rear of the vehicle. Fattening, the lowest rear topplight at least 4.5 metres higher than the front topplight.
f)
i)
The topping light or the topping lights referred to in Rule 23 (a) shall be higher than all other lights and visual obstacles and shall be clear from them, unless otherwise specified in point ii.
ii)
If it is impracticable to place the all-round lights, as prescribed in Rule 27 (b) (i) or Rule 28, lower than the topplights, they may be higher than the rear topplight or the rear topplights or vertically between the the front topplights or the front topplights and the rear topplight or the rear topplights; however, in the latter case, the requirement of section 3 (c) must be followed.
(g) The side lights of a machine vehicle must be mounted at a height above the hull, which does not exceed three quarters of the height of the front toppy. They must not be so low that they are adversely affected by the opacity of the deck.
(h) If the side lights are placed in a two-colour lamp on a machine vehicle of less than 20 metres in length, it shall be placed at least 1 metre below the topple.
(i) Write the rules two or three lights vertically on top of each other, the following distances shall be observed:
i)
On a vehicle of 20 and more metres in length, the distance between these lights shall be at least 2 metres, the distance of the lowermost one, with the exception of a prescribed towing light, at least 4 metres from the hull;
ii)
on a vehicle of less than 20 metres in length, the distance between these lights shall be at least 1 metre, the distance of the lowermost one, with the exception of a prescribed towing light, at least 2 metres from the cover;
iii)
Three lights are guided, so the distances must be the same.
(j) The lower of the two all-round lights prescribed for a fishing vehicle shall be placed at a distance above the side lights, which shall be at least twice as large as its distance from the upper light.
(k) Where two anchorage lights are carried, the front, as prescribed in Rule 30 (a) (i), shall be at least 4.5 metres higher than the rear one. On a vehicle of 50 m and more metres in length, the front anchor light must be fitted at least 6 metres above the hull.
3.
Horizontal arrangement and horizontal distance of the lights
(a) If two topplights are required for a machine vehicle, the horizontal distance must be at least half the length of the vehicle; however, it does not need to be more than 100 metres. The front topplight shall not be more than a quarter of the length of the vehicle from the front-end.
(b) On a machine vehicle of 20 and more metres in length, the side lights shall not be fitted in front of the front topplights. They must be located at or near the outside of the vehicle.
(c) if the lights prescribed in Rule 27 (b) (i) or Rule 28 are placed perpendicular between the front topplight or the front topplights and the rear topplight or the rear topplights, these must: All round lights have a horizontal distance of at least 2 metres across the longitudinal axis of the vehicle.
(d) where only a double-light is required for a machine vehicle, this light shall be mounted more than on a medium-ship; however, a vehicle of less than 20 metres in length does not need to be fitted as a medial light, but it shall be required to: as far ahead as possible.
4.
Details of the arrangement of trendsetting lights on fishing vessels and vehicles carrying out excavation and underwater works
(a) the light indicating the direction of the fishing gear laid out on a fishing vehicle in accordance with regulation 26 (c) (ii) must be at a horizontal distance of at least 2 metres and a maximum of 6 metres from the red and white all-round light should be appropriate. This light shall not be higher than the white all-round white light prescribed in Rule 26 (c) (i) and not lower than the side lights.
(b) on a vehicle carrying out excavation or underwater work, the lights and the signal bodies which, in accordance with Rule 27 (d) (i) and (ii), indicate the disabled side and/or the passing side, must be at the maximum horizontal distance from: shall be affixed to the lights or signal bodies in accordance with Rule 27 (b) (i) and (ii), but shall in no case be at a distance of less than 2 metres. In no event shall the upper of these lights or signal bodies be higher than the lower of the three lights or signal bodies referred to in Rule 27 (b) (i) and (ii).
5.
Shields for side lights
The side lights of ships of 20 and more metres in length must be provided on the inside board side with matt black coated shields and shall comply with the requirements of section 9. A two-color lamp with a vertical incandescent lamp coil and a very narrow separation of the green and the red radiation areas does not need to have any shielding. On ships of less than 20 metres in length, the side lights on the inside-board side shall be provided with matt black-coated shields, if necessary to comply with the requirements of section 9.
6.
Signal body
(a) Signal bodies shall be black and shall be of the following dimensions:
i)
A ball must have a diameter of at least 0.6 metres;
ii)
a cone must have a base area with a diameter of at least 0.6 metres and a height such as its diameter;
iii)
a cylinder shall have a diameter of at least 0.6 metres and a height of twice as high as its diameter;
iv)
a rhombus must consist of two cones according to point (ii) with a common base surface.
(b) The vertical distance between the signal bodies shall be at least 1.5 metres.
(c) In the case of a vehicle of less than 20 metres in length, signal bodies of smaller dimensions may be used which are appropriate to the size ratio of the vehicle; the distances between them may be reduced accordingly.
7.
Determination of light colours
The chromaticity of all navigation lights must correspond to the following standard values, which are within the limits of the ranges defined for each colour by the International Commission for Illumination (CIE) in the colour chart.
The limits of the individual color ranges are determined by the following coordinates of the vertices:
i) White
X 0.525 0.525 0.452 0.310 0.310 0.443
Y 0.382 0.440 0.440 0.348 0.283 0.382
ii) Green
X 0.028 0.009 0.300 0.203
Y 0.385 0.723 0.511 0.356
iii) Red
X 0.680 0.660 0.735 0.721
Y 0.320 0.320 0.265 0.259
iv) Yellow
X 0.612 0.618 0.575 0.575
Y 0.382 0.382 0.425 0.406

8.
Light intensity
(a) The minimum light intensity shall be determined by the following equation:
I = 3.43 x 10 (high) 6 x T x D (high) 2 x K (high)-D.
Referred to in
I =
the light intensity in Candela under operating conditions,
T =
the threshold of 2 x 10 (high) -7 lx illumination,
D =
the scope in nautical miles,
K =
the visibility value K is for the prescribed lights 0.8, corresponding to a meteorological visual range of approximately 13 nautical miles.
(b) A selection of values calculated in accordance with this equation is shown in the following table:
Carrying width in sea ice light intensity in Candela K = 0,8 DI
1 0.9
2 4.3
3 12
4 27
5 52
6 94

Note:
The maximum light intensity of the navigation lights should be limited in order to avoid undesirable glare. This must not be effected by a variable control of the light intensity.
9.
Horizontal light distribution
a)
i)
The side lights mounted on the vehicle must be subject to the minimum required light levels. In this case, the light intensiches must fall to almost zero in a range between 1 degree and 3 degrees outside the prescribed emission angle.
ii)
For heck and topping lights and for sideshows 22.5 degrees more achternal than crosswise, the prescribed minimum light levels must be maintained over a horizontal arc of up to 5 degrees within the emission angle prescribed in regulation 21. From 5 degrees within the prescribed emission angle, the intensity of the light may decrease by 50% to the prescribed limits; it must steadily decrease and, at most 5 degrees outside the prescribed angle of radiation, must be practically Reach zero.
b)
i)
All-round lights must be fitted in such a way that they are not covered by masts, rods or components within a radiation angle of more than 6 degrees, with the exception of anchorage lights as defined in Rule 30, the installation of which shall be equivalent to that of the Ship's hull is impossible.
ii)
If it is not possible to comply with point (i) by driving only one all-round light, two all-round lights fitted or shielded are to be used in a suitable manner, so that they are as light as possible from a distance from a sea part appear.
10.
Vertical light distribution
(a) electrically operated lights mounted for the vertical angle of exposure must be ensured, except in the case of the lights of sailing vehicles, that:
i)
the prescribed minimum light intensity shall be maintained at least in the range of 5 degrees above and below the horizontal plane;
ii)
shall be maintained at least 60% of the minimum required light intensity in the range of 7.5 degrees above the horizontal level, to 7.5 degrees.
(b) In the case of sailing vehicles in travel, electrically operated lights mounted for the vertical angle of emission shall be ensured that:
i)
the prescribed minimum light intensity shall be maintained at least in the range of 5 degrees above and below the horizontal plane;
ii)
at least 50% of the prescribed minimum light intensity shall be maintained in the range of 25 degrees above the horizontal level.
(c) For non-electrically powered lights, these requirements must be met as far as possible.
11.
Light intensity of non-electrically powered lights
Non-electrically powered lights shall, as far as possible, achieve the minimum light levels indicated in the table in Section 8.
12.
Manöverlichter
Notwithstanding the provisions of point (f) of Section 2, the manoeuvre light as described in Rule 34 (b) must be above the same longitudinal axis as the topplight or the topplights, and, if possible, at least 2 metres vertically above the front topplight, but at least 2 meters higher or lower than the rear topplight. In the case of a vehicle with only one topping light, the maneuverable light, if available, must be fitted where it can best be seen, but at least 2 metres higher or lower than the topplight.
13.
High-speed vehicles *)
a)
The topplight of a high speed vehicle may be fitted at a lower level relative to the width of the vehicle than is required under section 2 (a) (i); however, the base angle of the isosceles triangle shall be: which is formed by the side lights and the topplight, in front view is not less than 27 degrees.
b)
In the case of high-speed craft of 50 and more metres in length, the vertical distance prescribed in section 2 (a) (ii) between the fog mast and the main mast light of 4.5 metres may be altered, provided such a distance is not below: is the value determined by the following formula:

 (a + 17psi) C 
Y = ----------------- + 2
1.000
Where: y is the height of the main mast light above the
Fockmastlicht in metres;
a is the height of the fockmastlight over the water surface
under operating conditions in metres;
psi is the trimm under operating conditions in degrees;
C is the horizontal distance of the topplichter in meters.
-----
*)
Reference is made to the International Code for the Safety of High Speed Vehicles of 1994 and to the International Code for the Safety of High Speed Vehicles of 2000.
14.
Approval
The design of the lights and signal bodies and the installation of the lights on board shall comply with the requirements of the competent authority of the State whose flag the vehicle is entitled to fly. Unofficial table of contents

Annex II Additional signals for vehicles close to each other

1. General
The lights listed here must, if shown in accordance with Rule 26 (d), be fitted where they can best be seen. They must be at least 0.9 metres from each other, but lower than the lights under Rule 26 (b) (i) and (c) (i). The lights must be visible over the whole horizon at a distance of at least 1 nautic mile, but at a distance less than the lights prescribed in those rules for fishing vessels.
2. Signals for Trawler
(a) vehicles of 20 or more metres in length show the trawling, whether with pelagic nets or with bottom trawls,
i)
when the nets are put out: two white lights vertically one above the other;
ii)
when the nets are brought in: a white light perpendicular above a red light;
iii)
when the net is hooked on an obstacle: two red lights vertically above each other.
(b) Each vehicle of 20 or more metres in length, trawling in the chug, shows
i)
in the case of night, a spotlight, which shall be directed towards the other vehicle of the Gespanns;
ii)
in the event of their nets being brought out or received, or when their nets are hooked on an obstacle, the lights prescribed in point 2 (a).
(c) A vehicle of less than 20 metres in length may, in the case of trawling, whether or not it uses a pelagic net or a trawling or trawling in the panic, lead to the lights prescribed in points (a) or (b).
3. Signals for fishing with ringwades
Vehicles that fish with purse seines shall be allowed to show two yellow lights vertically above each other. These lights must alternately flash each second in such a way that the upper one is on when the lower one is off and vice versa. These lights may only be shown as long as the vehicle is obstructed by its fishing gear. Unofficial table of contents

Appendix III Technical details of sound signalling systems

1. Pfeifen
a)
Frequencies and range
The basic frequency of the signal must be in the range of 70-700 Hz. The range of a pipe signal shall be determined from those frequencies which may include the fundamental frequency or one or more higher frequencies in the range of 180-700 Hz (+/-1%) for a ship of 20 and more metres. length or from 180-2100 Hz (+/-1%) for a ship of less than 20 metres in length and reaching the sound pressure levels specified in point (c).
b)
Limits of fundamental frequencies
In order to ensure a great variety of pipe characteristics, the basic frequency of a pipe must be between the following limits:
i)
70-200 Hz for a ship of 200 and more meters in length;
ii)
130-350 Hz for a ship of at least 75, but less than 200 metres in length;
iii)
250-700 Hz for a ship of less than 75 metres in length.
c)
Intensity and range of the sound signal
A pipe on a ship must be in the direction of maximum intensity and at a distance of 1 metre from the pipe in at least one tercband of the frequency range of 180-700 Hz (+/-1%) for ships of 20 and more metres in length or of 180-2100 Hz (+/- 1 v. H.) for ships of less than 20 metres in length shall reach at least one sound pressure level from the associated numerical value of the following table.
Ship length in MeterTerzband level in 1 meter distance in dB, based on 2x10 (high) -5 N/qm range in nautical miles
200 and more 143 2
at least 75, but less than 200 138 1.5
at least 20, but less than 75 130 1
less than 20 120 1) 0.5
115 2)
111 3)

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1)
If the measured frequencies are within the range of 180-450 Hz.
2)
If the measured frequencies are within the range of 400-800 Hz.
3)
If the measured frequencies are within the range of 800-2.100 Hz.
d)
Directional Properties

The sound pressure level of a pointed pipe shall not be more than 4 dB below the prescribed sound pressure level in the axial direction in any direction of the horizontal plane within +-45 degrees to the axis. The sound pressure level in any other direction of the horizontal plane shall not be more than 10 dB below the prescribed sound pressure level in the axial direction, so that the range in each direction shall be at least equal to half the range in the direction of the horizontal plane. Axis direction. The sound pressure level must be measured in the Terzband, which determines the range.
e)
Arrangement of the pipes
When a pointed pipe is used as the only pipe on a ship, it must be fitted in such a way that its highest intensity is directed ahead.
A pipe must be fitted on the ship as high as possible in order to prevent obstacles to the emitted sound and to minimise the risk of hearing loss for personnel. The sound pressure level of the vessel's own signal shall not exceed 110 dB (A) at the observation points and shall not exceed 100 dB (A) if possible.
f)
Equipment with more than one pipe
If pipes are mounted on a ship at a distance of more than 100 metres, it must be ensured that they are not able to kill at the same time.
g)
Combined pipe systems
If, as a result of obstacles, the sound field of a single pipe or of one of the pipes referred to in point (f) is likely to have a zone of greatly reduced signal levels, a combined pipe system is recommended in order to reduce this reduction . In the sense of the rules, a combined pipe system is to be regarded as a single pipe. The pipes of a combined system shall be placed at a distance of not more than 100 metres and must be capable of being brought to the sound of the sound at the same time. The frequency of each individual whistle must be different from the others by at least 10 Hz.
2. Bell or Gong
a)
Intensity of the signal
A bell, a gong, or another device with similar sound characteristics shall generate a sound pressure level of at least 110 dB at a distance of 1 meter.
b)
Construction
Bells and gongs must be made of corrosion-resistant material and emit a clear sound. The diameter of the bell mouth must be at least 30 centimetres for ships of 20 and more metres in length. Where it is possible to use a mechanically driven bell-type klöppel in order to ensure a constant force, however, manual operation must be possible in any case. The mass of the lobe must not be less than 3% of the mass of the bell.
3. Approval
The design of sound signalling systems, their execution and the affixing to Brod shall be in accordance with the requirements of the competent authority of the State whose flag the vehicle is entitled to fly. Unofficial table of contents

Annex IV Notzeichen

1.
The following signals, which are used or shown together or individually, mean distress and the need for help:
a)
Cannon shots or other bang signals in between about one minute;
b)
Sustained sound of a fog signalling device;
c)
Rockets or light bullets with red stars individually in short spaces;
d)
the Morse signal given by any kind of signal ... --- ... (SOS);
e)
the speech radio signal from the spoken word "Mayday";
f)
the emergency sign NC of the International Signal Book;
g)
a signal from a quadrangular flag, above or below a ball, or something similar to a ball;
h)
Flame signals on the vehicle, such as burning tar tonns, oil tonns or the like;
i)
a red parachute light rocket or a red hand torch;
j)
a smoke signal with orange smoke;
k)
slow and repeated lifting and lowering of the arms extended to both sides;
l)
A Notalarm via the Digital Selective Call System (DSC), which is sent out to:
a)
UKW-Channel 70 or
b)
the GW-/KW-frequencies 2187,5 kHz, 8414,5 kHz, 4207,5 kHz, 6312 kHz, 12577 kHz or 16804.5 kHz;
m)
a Notallow ship country which is transmitted via the ship's Inmarsat facility or a ship's ground radio station of another mobile satellite service provider;
n)
radio signals emitted by a seenot radio boje;
o)
Approved signals transmitted via radio systems, including radar transponders, to survival craft.
2.
The above-mentioned signals may only be used or shown when there is need and the need for assistance; the use of signals which can be confused with these signals is prohibited.
3.
Reference is made to the relevant sections of the International Signal Book, the International Air-Based and Maritime Search and Rescue Guide, Volume III, and to the following signals:
a)
a piece of orange canvas with a black square or circle or with another corresponding sign (for detection from the air);
b)
a sea-water dyer.