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Order Of 8 February 2011 Fixing The Program Of Education Of Biotechnology In Class, First In The Series 'science And Technology Laboratory (Stl).

Original Language Title: Arrêté du 8 février 2011 fixant le programme de l'enseignement de biotechnologies en classe de première de la série « sciences et technologies de laboratoire (STL) »

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JORF n°0047 of 25 February 2011 page 3477
text No. 35



Judgment of February 8, 2011 setting the first-class biotechnology program in the "Lab Science and Technology (LST)" series

NOR: MENE1104255A ELI: https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/eli/arrete/2011/2/8/MENE1104255A/jo/texte


Minister of National Education, Youth and Associative Life,
Considering the education code;
Having regard to the decision of May 27, 2010 on the organization and teaching schedules of the first and final grades of high schools sanctioned by the Bachelor of Technology, series "Science and Technology of Industry and Sustainable Development (STI2D)" and "Labor Science and Technology (STL)";
Considering the advice of the inter-professional advisory committee of 4 February 2011;
Considering the opinion of the Higher Education Council of 9 December 2010,
Stop it!

Article 1 Learn more about this article...


The first-class biotechnology program of the Laboratory Science and Technology (STL) series is set in accordance with the schedule to this Order.

Article 2 Learn more about this article...


The provisions of this Order come into force at the beginning of the 2011-2012 school year.

Article 3 Learn more about this article...


The Director General of School Education is responsible for the execution of this Order, which will be published in the Official Journal of the French Republic.

  • Annex



    A N N E X E
    BIOTECHNOLOGIES
    SERIES
    Objectives


    By focusing on living knowledge and the acquisition of biotechnological skills, the speciality teaching of the STL biotechnology terminal cycle builds an alternative scientific culture. It is a culture that incorporates the progress of cellular and molecular biology inherited from the xxe century to the technological dimension and the requirement of sustainable development required by the production of goods and services in the areas of health, industry and the environment.
    This teaching also contributes to a citizen education through the implementation of laboratory activities and the awareness of the place of biotechnology in the offers of care to people and industrial processes. He participates in the construction of the student's orientation project towards higher education. The development of cross-cutting and specific skills and the acquisition of methods contribute to the success of this project.
    This teaching is based on fundamental disciplines such as microbiology, molecular biology, genetic engineering, biochemistry of proteins, cell biology, immunology..., disciplines that constantly fuel the field of modern biotechnology. It relies on equipment designed to acquire major methodological references and basic know-how to focus on the development of critical thinking and logical thinking.
    In synergy with the transverse teachings "chemistry, biochemistry, life sciences" and "measures and instrumentation", this teaching aims to:
    ― stimulating curiosity and promoting creativity;
    ― developing the spirit of analysis and critical mind;
    ― acquire the rigor of a theoretical and experimental scientific approach;
    - to strengthen the student's involvement, autonomy and spirit of initiative;
    ― mastering the realization of biotechnology manipulation.


    Methodologies and educational approaches


    Teaching is based mainly on structuring and contextualized technological activities such as micro-organism identification, medical diagnosis, production implementation, bioproduct analysis and control, and environmental study. These technological activities facilitate access to scientific concepts.
    The program is designed to allow the teacher and/or the disciplinary team to play their full role in the educational freedom. This freedom focuses on the themes, examples of application and modalities of implementation.
    The approach adopted allows students to acquire in a coordinated way scientific knowledge and technological skills:
    ― adopt a questioning approach to address a theme;
    searching and extracting information from digital documents or not;
    ― developing assumptions and proposing a scientific approach to test them;
    ― highlighting the role of different influence parameters conditioning an experimental result;
    ― perform manipulations taking into account good laboratory practices;
    ― confronting real by observation and objective analysis of an experimental result;
    ― choose appropriate methods and techniques to characterize, quantify, separate, analyze, amplify cells and/or biomolecules.
    The scientific and technological content that students need to acquire is presented in the section entitled "Basic knowledge and know-how".
    To achieve this objective, two additional entries are proposed:
    ― to independently introduce the fundamental knowledge and know-how contextualized;
    ― integrating basic knowledge and know-how through selected project themes in different areas of application. The list of proposed project themes is not exhaustive. The pedagogical team can choose others, especially depending on the local context.
    The hourly distribution must leave a significant focus on reduced-effective technological activities. Full-class education will provide the necessary theoretical materials.


    Prevention, sustainable development
    and citizenship education


    Identifying, assessing and preventing biological, physical and chemical hazards inherent in any biotechnology laboratory activity are key steps in the prevention of biological, physical and chemical risks. Choosing reasoned prevention measures, adopting a laboratory-friendly attitude and participating in waste management to preserve its environment are all goals that contribute to citizen education and sustainable development.


    Information technology inputs
    and Communications (ICT)


    Information and communication technologies will find a special place in technological activities. They represent:
    – a space of autonomy to search, sort and extract information from scientific data, technical data sheets, security sheets...;
    - a teaching support to understand and deepen scientific concepts through the use of digital resources (animations, videos, image banks, data banks);
    - a tool for the acquisition and processing of experimental data through the use of software: bacterial identification, analysis of DNA and protein sequences, treatment of results, statistical analysis...;
    - a simulation and prediction tool applied to biological systems;
    – a way to present and communicate the results through the use of computer-assisted presentation tools and the publication of productions in the digital working environments (EN).


    Basic knowledge and know-how




    BIOTECHNOLOGIES : HISTORICAL, ENJEUX AND ENVIRONMENT OF WORK
    Training objectives and theoretical materials
    Cross-cutting and technological competencies

    Origin and evolution of biotechnology:
    Historical, economic and ethical aspects;
    Scope of application of biotechnology.

    Conduct a documentary research.
    Present a synthesis to the oral on a biotechnology topic defined with the teacher.
    Acquiring vocabulary by making a lexicon.
    Work as a team.

    The aim is to develop an expanded scientific culture among students.

    From products derived from biotechnology (penicilline, insulin, vinegar, wine, beer, yogurt, sorbitol, glutamate...), trace the history and indicate the different phases of product development, the techniques and methods used. An individual and/or collective presentation may be considered.

    Laboratory, equipment and approaches specific to biotechnology activities:
    Biotechnology laboratories and annexes: functional, material, resources (human, documentary, computer).
    Pre-operational, operational and post-operational steps in the laboratory.
    Laboratory equipment and traceability of activities.
    Notion of good laboratory practices (BPL).

    Organize workstations (individual and collective) depending on the activity: install, use, rehabilitate.
    Search and extract information from specific documents (procedures, security sheets, device specifications, protocols...).
    Choose appropriate equipment.
    Use specific materials: light- background microscope, centrifugal, oven, balance, spectrophotometer, thermostated bath, volume transfer equipment, usual glassware...
    Follow a protocol rigorously.
    Instruct the device tracking sheets.


    Identify results in an appropriate form.
    Experimental results.
    Interpretation of a result by comparison to a reference value.

    The student must acquire a comprehensive vision of the laboratory and its environment as well as a first level of autonomy in the use of simple equipment in the laboratory.

    This part of the program must necessarily be integrated into technological activities, as the laboratory and equipment are discovered. In no case can it be limited to a one-time and pre-laboratory presentation.

    Methods specific to biological cultures:
    Mode of action of means of disinfection of surfaces and sterilization of material and surfaces.
    Note: microbial charge, sterilization, decontamination, disinfection, aseptic environment.
    Operation of a autoclave.

    Implement sterile seeding or transfer.
    Apply the methods of disinfection of the workplan.
    Apply equipment sterilization methods.
    Identify the action of a disinfectant or antiseptic.

    Acquire methods of work in aseptic environment in the laboratory of microbiology and cell biology.

    These skills will be implemented whenever possible in order to make students quickly autonomous.

    Implementation of risk prevention:
    A priori risk analysis.
    Prevention measures.
    Collective and individual protection equipment.

    Considerably implement a basic approach to risk prevention:
    Identify and decode risk information.
    Identify hazards and analyze the risks of a work situation.
    Properly apply and implement individual and collective protective equipment.
    Adopt a behaviour adapted to work and its environment.
    Participate in waste management at the workstation.

    The student must acquire the risk prevention approach through systematic implementation and adapted to the technological activities carried out.

    The prevention approach takes its meaning only through the analysis of the risks inherent in each technological activity. In no case can it be limited to a one-time and pre-laboratory presentation.



    MICROSCOPIE AND CELLULAR STRUCTURES
    Training objectives and theoretical materials
    Cross-cutting and technological competencies

    Microscopic observations:
    The function of the photon microscope and the roles of the various elements.
    Photonic microscopy: intakes and limits.

    Master the use of the optical microscope, the role of the main elements and the maintenance modalities.
    Make the necessary adjustments and objectively observe the preparation.
    Make a microscopic preparation with or without coloring (gram colour, methylene blue, fresh state preparation...).
    Self-reporting a qualitative and quantitative microscopic observation.

    The mastery of the preparation and the adoption of a rigorous observational approach must allow the student to develop the capacity to use an optical microscope.

    These basic skills must be quickly mastered by students. They will be implemented in a contextualized manner whenever possible.

    Diversity of cellular structures:
    Organization of procaryote and eucaryotes cells.
    Morphological and structural characteristics of microorganisms (bacteria, yeasts, molds, microalgae).
    Structure and ultrastructure of the bacterial cell and yeast.
    General organization of molds, protozoa and microalgae.
    Structure and ultrastructure of animal and plant cells.
    Cytological recognition criteria: size, shape, mobility, grouping mode, organites, tinctorial properties...

    Observe and interpret animal, plant cell preparations.
    Represent by drawing the result of an observation.
    Repeat the various cell organites from a microscopic observation or electronic micrograph.
    Indicate the role of the various cellular organites.
    Find on microscopic preparation a particular cell or structure from morphological criteria.
    Discriminate different cell populations of blood.
    Differentiate microscopy types (optics, electronics, fluorescence).
    Identify cells and structures, from microscopic observations, compared to a reference document.

    The complexity of living will be understood by microscopic observation and analysis of the diversity of morphologies and cellular structures.

    The study of cells under the optical microscope can be complemented by the research and analysis of the digital resources of fluorescence microscopy and electronic microscopy.



    NUTRITION, CULTURE AND CELLULTURE
    Training objectives and theoretical materials
    Cross-cutting and technological competencies

    Nutrition and culture of microorganisms:
    Nutritional needs of cells (energy sources, carbon source, growth factors...).

    Analyze the composition of culture media to:
    Choose isolation (culture) environments adapted to the micro-organism(s) to be cultivated.
    Orient identification from cultural characters on selective and non-selective media.
    Complete preparation operations (pea, dissolution, pH adjustment control, conditioning).

    Conditions of cultivation of heterotrophic microorganisms.

    Control the manipulation in conditions of aasepsy.
    Prepare, adjust an inoculum.

    Different types of culture media (minimum, empirical, synthetic, differential, selective, non-selective).
    Influence of the main environmental parameters on culture (temperature, pH, Aw or water availability, selective agents).

    Control the purity of the inculum.
    Insert a solid medium or liquid medium by a suitable method.
    Specify the incubation parameters.
    Test and analyze the action of pH, temperature and selective agents on culture.

    Main ecological characteristics of micro-organisms.


    Procedure for the preparation and sterilization of environments.


    Interest in filtration sterilization of thermolabil compounds.


    The student must be able to implement a bacterial culture adapted to the objective to be achieved and to justify the body parameters used in a biotechnological process.

    The steps of the approach can be implemented independently from different examples or integrated into a single application.

    Counting cells:
    Method of determination of cell concentration in a sample by seed in a solid medium:
    Steps of the approach.
    Unit Notion Formant Colony (UFC).
    Direct numeration of microscopic preparation:
    Features of a count cell.

    Realize a solid count of bacteria and/or yeasts:
    Estimate the cell concentration to select dilutions for counting.
    Dilution in aseptic conditions.
    Start with a specific test socket.
    Count the suspicious colonies.
    Perform a direct numeration under the microscope (hand cytometer):
    Present cell concentration with uncertainty.
    Interpretation by comparison to a regulatory reference value.

    The student must master the enumeration process and be able to analyze the constraints and limitations for the two methods used.

    In the first class, the number of bacteria and yeasts will be limited by solid medium and direct cytometry.



    FEATURES, IDENTIFICATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF MICRO-ORGANISMS
    Training objectives and theoretical materials
    Cross-cutting and technological competencies

    Morphological characteristics of micro-organisms, useful for identification:
    Morphological criteria of bacteria, yeasts and molds: shape, size and method of grouping cells.
    Bacterial wall constituents and tinctorial properties (Gram+ and Gram-).
    Optional elements (capsule, flagella...).

    Make a fresh organic product condition.
    Report the observable criteria in the fresh state (size, forms, grouping modes, mobility.
    Make a Gram coloring.
    Interpretation of Gram's coloring in connection with the wall structure.

    The student must determine, from fresh states or differential colours, the morphological criteria of bacteria and interpret the observation that is made.

    Microbial products or strains will be selected in a diversified way in connection with the selected project themes.

    Cell metabolisms and metabolic or biochemical characters:.
    General diagram of energy metabolism.
    Role of the oxygen in the breathing as the final acceptor of electrons.
    Simplified steps of degradation of carbohydrates and protides.
    Alcoholic and lactic fermentation.
    Metabolisms of bacteria and yeasts.
    Phenottypical identification criteria (carbohydrate catabolisms, protides, fermentations, respirations and ratios of micro-organisms to di oxygen).

    Experimentally study the ratio of micro-organisms to di oxygen.
    Identify enzymatic activities: catalase, oxydase, nitrate reductase...
    Identify metabolic pathways: metabolism of carbohydrates and protides.
    Read and interpret biochemical characters.
    Make a miniaturized gallery.
    Use a miniaturized gallery.

    Students will have to apprehend the energy metabolism of a microorganism according to the conditions of culture. They will be able to identify in a metabolic path the steps used as an identification criterion by highlighting a reaction product or an enzyme.

    The identification of biochemical characters will be carried out on pure, varied and chosen strains for their ease of highlighting and easy interpretation.

    Identification and classification:
    General principles of taxonomy and classification.
    Bacteria nomenclature rules.
    Discriminating characters to conduct a dichotomic identification approach.
    Principle of probabilistic identification.
    Interest in identifying micro-organisms in the field of health and bio-industries.

    Choose discriminating tests to identify micro-organisms.
    Implement identification of bacteria or yeast by a miniaturized gallery.
    Use identification software.
    Use taxonomic databases online.

    The student will use identification charts to choose the characters to be studied and perform a reasoned identification approach using the results obtained. The systematic study of bacterial groups is not the purpose of this teaching.

    In the class of first one will be limited to the study of bacteria. The identification of micro-organisms must be at the service of project themes and should not have the sole purpose of identifying them.



    SPECIAL DEMARKS ON MOLETARY BIOTECHNOLOGY ACTIVITIES
    Training objectives and theoretical materials
    Cross-cutting and technological competencies

    Sizes and units of analytical biochemistry (mass, concentration, content, quantity of matter).
    Principles for the preparation of a solution and expression results.

    Calculate, measure and transfer volumes or masses.
    Calculate and perform a dilution.
    Prepare a solution by dilution.
    Prepare a solution by weighing.
    Check the concentration of a solution.
    Express results using the appropriate units and taking into account uncertainty.
    Conduct a critical analysis of results.

    The aim is to complement and deepen, through the realization of technological activities, the knowledge and know-how acquired in "measures and instruments", concerning the quality approach and the exploitation of results.

    Students will need to quickly acquire autonomy for these basic skills. They will be implemented in a contextualized manner whenever possible.



    SÉPARATION, IDENTIFICATION AND BIOMOLÉCULES DOSAGE
    Training objectives and theoretical materials
    Cross-cutting and technological competencies

    Large classes of biomolecules and their biological roles (protides, lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids).
    Properties of biomolecules for analytical purposes: physico-chemical, biological (activity).
    Principles of methods and techniques used to separate, identify and dose biomolecules.
    Initiation of data processing methods.

    Characterize, identify biomolecules:
    Identify amino acids, proteins, lipids and carbohydrates.
    Realize the absorption spectrum of a biomolecule.
    Analyze the absorption spectrum of a biomolecule.
    Identify a biomolecule by its biological activity.
    Use molecular models and molecular infographic tools for the study of biomolecules.
    Quantify biomolecules by:
    PH-metry.
    Volumetry.
    Spectrophotometry.
    Separate biomolecules by:
    Electrophoresis on agarose gel.
    Chromatography on thin layer and column.
    Use computer software to process experimental data.
    Using digital resources and computer tools.

    The student will have to understand the interest of splitting, to justify the choice of methods used, to differentiate preparative and analytical purposes, to design and realize a range of calibrations.

    In order to make them meaningful, biomolecule analysis methods will be integrated as much as possible in the project themes in conjunction with the Measurements and Instrumentation lessons.


    Project themes


    The teaching of biotechnology must be as much contextualized as possible. To this end, it relies on project themes to give meaning to fundamental lessons.
    The project themes are articulated in different areas of application, which are representative of the biotechnology-based business sectors: health, bio-industries and the environment.
    For each theme, the proposed technological activities facilitate the acquisition of basic knowledge and know-how. Within each area, the project themes and the applications listed are neither exhaustive nor limiting nor imposed; they can be adapted according to the local professional fabric and superior training offered by the establishment.


    DOMAINE OF BIOTECHNOLOGIES FOR HEALTH

    Functional exploration and medical diagnosis.

    Hematological exploration:
    Quality and quantitative analysis of blood cells.
    Immunological techniques.
    Osages: glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, hemoglobin.
    Protein electrophoresis.
    Cytobacterological exploration of urine:
    Infection criteria.
    Microscopic observations.
    Culture and identification of the responsible agent.
    Immunological techniques.
    Spectrophotometric, enzymatic.
    Histological exploration:
    Observations of healthy tissues and tissues with pathologies.
    Exploration of a physiological function:
    Quality and/or quantitative analysis.

    Prophylaxis and treatment.

    Education for hygiene and risk prevention:
    Hand hygiene.
    Cleaning and disinfection of surfaces.
    Selection of individual protection equipment (PIE) according to the conduct activity and associated risk.
    Comparative study of antiseptic and disinfectant products.
    Vaccination:
    Composition and preparation of vaccines.
    Verification of vaccination coverage.
    Industrial development of a vaccine.
    Antibitherapy:
    Methods of antibiotic action.
    Bacterial growth.
    An antibiotic.
    Therapy:
    Antibodies and antigen antibodies reaction.



    BIOTECHNOLOGIES FOR BIO-INDUSTRIES

    Agri-food sector

    Dairy products.

    Quality control of a milk:
    Microscopic techniques:
    Leukocyte count.
    Observation of bacterial flora.
    Quantification techniques:
    Numbers by cultivation of microorganisms.
    Biochemical techniques:
    Search for alkaline phosphatases (PAL) and peroxydase (PER).
    Dosage of lipids, protides, carbohydrates.
    Immunological techniques:
    Qualitative and/or quantitative analysis.
    Milk treatment:
    Pasteurization, sterilization, filtration.
    Manufacture of yoghurt:
    Observation of flora.
    Follow a fermentation.
    A metabolism.
    Dosage of the acidity of the yoghurt before and after fermentation.
    Monitoring of lactose consumption.
    Manufacture of a cheese :
    Observation of flora (moisis...).
    Presentation of secondary fermentation (on documents).

    Fermented drinks.

    Beer manufacturing:
    Presentation of yeasts:
    Microscopic observation.
    Numeration.
    Count.
    Metabolism:
    Ethanolic fermentation.
    Bioreactor growth:
    Growth monitoring (biomass, ethanol/glucose dosage, pH, density...).
    Cinetic parameters (growth rate, generation time).
    Finished product processing:
    Pasteurization, filtration.

    Pharmaceutical and cosmetics sector

    Drug production.

    Antibiotics:
    Micro-organisms used;
    Production.
    Improvement and selection of strains.
    Quality controls:
    Aspirin (pH-metry);
    Vitamin C (oxydoreduction).
    Physiological serum (bacteriological control).
    Cosmetic cream:
    Evaluation of an antibacterial (challenge test).
    Evaluation of granulometry (microscopy).
    Emulsion type (H/L or L/H).

    Other bio-industries

    Bioinsecticides.

    Toxin "Bt" by Bacillus thuringiensis:
    Opening to sustainable development or even to organic or reasoned agriculture.
    Genetic Engineering and GMO (Bt Mais).
    In vitro production of a molecule (e.g. green fluorescent protein or GFP): genetic engineering, protein purification.

    Agro-fuels.

    Metabolism:
    Ethanolic fermentation.
    distillation and dosages.



    DOMAINES OF BIOTECHNOLOGIES IN ENVIRONMENT

    Water.

    Microbiological quality :
    Total flora.
    Fecal contamination markers.
    Biochemical quality:
    Mineral matter: calcium, phosphates, chlorides, nitrites, nitrates.
    Organic material: suspended solids (MES), biochemical oxygen demand (DBO), chemical oxygen demand (DCO).

    The ground.

    Flore tellurique :
    Counting saprophytes.
    Study of depollutant bacteria (on documents).
    Study of cellulolytic bacteria.
    Quality of a soil :
    Dosage of nitrogen.
    PH.

    Hygiene of premises and staff.

    Microbiological quality of surfaces:
    Abductions: swabs, capsules contact
    Identification of an isolated germ.
    Number of micro-organisms present.
    Aerobiocontamination:
    Static method (open boxes).
    Dynamic method (air filtration).
    Hygiene mastery:
    Disinfectants/antiseptics: action mode, microbiological control of action efficiency.
    Soap: microbiological control of cleaning efficiency.

    Clearance.

    Operation of a treatment plant:
    Lipides.
    Pollutants.
    Organic moleculars in general.
    Depollutant microorganisms.
    Material cycle:
    Chemical and microbiological aspects in parallel.
    Plant purification.
    Waste management.


Done on 8 February 2011.


For the Minister and by delegation:

Director General

education,

J.-M. Blanquer


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