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Law On Mediation, Conciliation And Arbitration

Original Language Title: LEY DE MEDIACIÓN, CONCILIACIÓN Y ARBITRAJE

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LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY-REPUBLIC OF EL SALVADOR ____________________________________________________________________

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DECREE No. 914.-

THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF THE REPUBLIC OF EL SALVADOR,

CONSIDERING:

I.-That our Constitution establishes in Article 23 that no person who has the free administration of his assets can be deprived of the right to terminate their civil or commercial matters by transaction or arbitrage;

II.-That it is appropriate to foster within the legal culture the approach of those interested in the solution of their differences, through dialogue and the use of alternative means, which in turn allow the search for creative and agile solutions to the issues dealt with, with simplicity and greater privacy;

III.-That while the current legislation recognizes some alternative means of solution of differences, these have not had the right development, so it becomes necessary to strengthen such figures, especially the relative to the mediation, conciliation and arbitration;

FOR TANTO,

in use of its constitutional powers and on the initiative of the President of the Republic, through the Minister of the Interior and the Deputies Ciro Cruz Zepeda Peña, Julio Antonio Gamero Quintanilla, Rene Napoleon Aguiluz Carranza, Ruben Orellana Mendoza, Rosario del Carmen Acosta, Wilfredo Iraheta Sanabria, Jose Antonio Alamendaris Rivas, Rafael Edgardo Arevalo Perez, Jose Orlando Arevalo Pineda, Nelson Edgardo Avalos, Rodrigo Avila Avilés, Juan Miguel Bolanos Torres, Carlos Antonio Borja Letona, Isidro Antonio Caballero Caballero, Mario Tenorio, Mauricio Membreno, Roberto d' Aubuisson Munguia, Jesus Guillermo Perez Zarco, Juan Duch Martinez, Carmen Cordova, Rigoberto Trinidad, Nelson Funes, Guillermo Antonio Gallegos Navarrete, Elizardo Gonzalez Lovo, Noe Orlando Gonzalez, Elmer Roberto Charlaix, Manuel Duran, Gustavo Chiquillo, Mauricio Hernandez Perez, Vicente Menjivar, Francisco Alberto Jovel Urquilla, Carlos Mauricio Arias, Mauricio Lopez Parker, Efigenio Marquez, Alejandro Dagoberto Marroquín, Juan Ramon Medrano Guzman, William Eliu Martinez, Jose Francisco Merino Lopez, Jose Luis Sanchez, Mariella Peña Pinto, Francisco Flores Zeledon, Ernesto Iraheta, Jose Mauricio Quinteros Cubias, Carlos Armando Reyes Ramos, Horacio Humberto Rios Orellana, Hector Nazario Salaverria Mathies, Gerardo Antonio Suvillaga Garcia, David Humberto Trejo, Enrique Valdez Soto, Saul Alfonso Monzon, Jorge Alberto Villacorta Munoz, Fabio Balmore Villalobos Membeno, Roberto Villatoro, Martin Francisco Antonio Zaldivar Vides, Ernesto Angulo, Alba Teresa de Duenas, Hector Alfredo Guzman, Emilio Guzmán Alfredo Arbizu,

DECREES THE FOLLOWING:

MEASUREMENT ACT, RECONCILIATION AND ARBITRATION

TITLE GENERAL PROVISIONS FIRST

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Law Object

Art. 1.-This Law establishes the legal regime applicable to arbitration, without prejudice to the provisions of existing international treaties or conventions.

It also recognizes the effectiveness of other alternative means of resolving differences, which they may be able to adopt natural or legal persons capable, in civil or commercial matters, on which they have the free disposition of their goods and which are liable for transaction or withdrawal.

Differences Solution Alternatives

Art. 2.-When in a manner other than that prescribed in this Law two or more persons, agree to the intervention of one or more third parties and accept express or tacitly their decision, after issued, the agreement shall be valid and obligatory for the parties if meets the requirements for the validity of a contract.

Definitions

Art. 3.-For the purposes of this Law, it is understood by:

a) Mediation: a dispute settlement mechanism through which two or more persons try to achieve by themselves the solution of their differences with the help of a third party. neutral and qualified as mediator;

b) Conciliation: a dispute settlement mechanism through which two or more persons try to achieve by themselves the solution of their differences with the help of the Judge or arbitrator, according to the case, who acts as a neutral third party, and seeks to compromise the interests of the parties;

c) Arbitration: a a mechanism by which the parties involved in a conflict of a passable character, differ their solution to an arbitral tribunal, which shall be vested with the power to pronounce a decision called an arbitration award;

d) Convention Arbitration: is the agreement by which the parties decide to submit to arbitration any disputes that have arisen or may arise between them, in respect of a given legal relationship, of a contractual or non-contractual nature;

e) Arbitral tribunal: means both a single Referee and a plurality of arbitrators;

f) Ad-hoc Arbitration: the one in which the parties autonomously agree the rules of procedure applicable in the settlement of their dispute;

g) Arbitration or Institutional Mediation: the one in which the parties undergo a procedure established by the respective Arbitration or Mediation Center, authorized in accordance with this law;

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h) International Arbitration: the one given in any of the following cases:

1.-When the parties to an arbitration agreement have, at the time of their conclusion, their addresses in different States.

2.-If one of the places the following is located outside the State in which the parties have their addresses:

a) The place of the arbitration, if it has been determined in the Arbitration Convention, or under the same arrangement is different.

b) The place of compliance with a substantial part of the obligations of the legal relationship or the place with which the object of the dispute has a closer relationship.

For the purposes of this literal if any of the parties have more than one domicile, this shall be the one that is closest to the Arbitration Convention; if a party does not has no domicile, will take into account his residence.

i) Foreign Arbitration: the one whose award Arbitration has not been delivered in El Salvador.

Principles

Art. 4.-Arbitration shall be governed by the following principles:

1) Principle of freedom: recognition of the powers of persons to adopt alternative means to the judicial process for the settlement of disputes;

2) Principle of flexibility: which is manifested by informal, adaptable and simple actions;

3) Principle of privacy: is the mandatory maintenance of the necessary reservation and confidentiality;

4) Principle of suitability: consists of the capacity and requirements to be fulfilled in order to perform as arbiter or mediator;

5) Principle of speed: consists of the continuity of procedures for the resolution of disputes;

6) Principle of equality: it consists in giving each side the same opportunities to assert their rights;

7) Principle of hearing: consists of the orality of alternative procedures; and,

8) Principle of contradiction: consists of the opportunity for confrontation between the parties.

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Interpretation Rules

Art. 5.-Adopt the following rules of interpretation common to this law:

a) Arbitration may be in law, equity or technical.

Arbitration in law is the one in which the arbitrators base their decision on the right positive.

The Arbitration in equity or of friendly components is the one in which the arbitrators proceed with complete freedom, decide as more convenient to the interest of the parties, without attending to their conscience, the truth and the good faith.

Instead, when the arbitrators pronounce their failure due to their specific knowledge in a given science, art or craft, the arbitration is technical.

b) When a provision of this law grants the parties the power to decide freely on a given question, that power shall involve that of authorizing a third person, natural or legal, to take that decision.

(c) Where a provision of this law relates to an arbitration agreement concluded or to be concluded, all provisions of this Agreement shall be construed as Arbitration rules that the parties have decided to adopt.

d) The rules concerning the The integration of the arbitral tribunal and the arbitration procedure are of an extra nature in relation to the will of the parties.

Cuantia

Art. 6. For the purposes of this law, matters of the highest amount shall be considered to be matters in which the claims are equal to or greater than twenty-five thousand colons and of the smallest amount which are less than the amount indicated.

MEDIATION AND RECONCILIATION SECOND TITLE

UNIQUE MEDIATION REQUEST

Art. 7.-The request of the Mediation to the Center shall be submitted, the Director of the Center shall be appointed to the mediator; the mediator shall summon the persons concerned to carry out the first common hearing, pointing to them place, day and hour for this purpose, and shall indicate to them the benefits of resolving the issue amicably.

First Mediation Audience

Art. 8.-In the first common hearing, the mediator shall explain to the parties concerned, in addition to the reason for the meeting, the confidential nature of the procedure, the procedure to be given to the request, the conduct to be observed during the proceedings. hearings or meetings to be carried out and the desirability of achieving a settlement.

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In this first hearing you will first expose your point of view to the applicant, and then expose the required one.

Signalling More Audiences

Art. 9.-If other common hearings or meetings are necessary, the mediator will let the stakeholders know and point out the dates and times for their celebration.

Sealing Audiences

Art. 10.-The mediator will be able to hold separate hearings with each of the stakeholders, communicating previously.

Case of Legal Persons

Art. 11.-Legal persons will appear in the Mediation procedure by means of whom they have the representation of the same.

Confidentiality

Art. 12.-All statements and statements of the applicant and requested in the hearings of Mediation are strictly confidential and shall not be recorded in writing. The work papers of the mediator will be of a personal nature, and they will not be transferred or copies, they lack evidentiary value and will not make faith in judgment.

Agreement Executive Force

Art. 13.-The total or partial solution of the dispute shall be entered in the minutes and shall produce the effects of the transaction. The certification that the Mediation Center will extend will have executive force in its case.

Content of the Act

Art. 14.-The record of the settlement or settlement of the dispute shall contain:

1.-The identity of the persons concerned, the mediator, the lawyers, the experts, if any; and any other person who has intervened in the proceedings Mediation;

2.-The full identification of the dispute;

3.-The obligations, subject-matter, rights and duties unilaterally or reciprocally accepted by the stakeholders, including the forms, modalities and terms of their compliance or exercise, as clearly as possible;

4.-The specification of the points on which there was no agreement, if any;

5.-The signature of the interested parties and the mediator. If any of those you cannot sign, you will do so another person to your request and will leave any of your fingerprints printed;

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6.-The place and date the minutes are lifted.

Habile Days and Hours

Art. 15.-Every day and hours are business to perform the Mediation procedures.

Term of Mediation

Art. 16.-The Mediation procedure ends when the stakeholders sign the dispute settlement act, or the solution of the dispute has not been reached.

Prohibition

Art. 17. The mediators, experts and any other person involved in the mediation procedure shall be prohibited, except for the lawyers who have taken over the parties who have been able to intervene; to act in the judicial proceedings which they have The following may be filed, under penalty of nullity of the acts in which you intervene.

Citations and Notifications

Art. 18.-For citations and notifications there will be no special formalities, they may be done by telephone and postal when the person concerned has requested it and the mediator has been placed on the record to have carried out the diligence.

Recusal and Excuse

Art. 19.-The mediator may be challenged before the Director of the Center, without the need to express cause; likewise, they may be excused. The respective manifestation must be made immediately after the first common hearing.

In both circumstances, the Director of the Center will designate a new mediator for the case.

Rules of Conciliation

Art. 20.-The Conciliation shall be governed primarily by the provisions of Article 47, numeral 3 and Article 54 of this Law.

The provisions of this Chapter shall be applicable as applicable to the Conciliation.

TITLE THIRD

ARBITRATION

FIRST SECTION

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UNICO CHAPTER

GENERAL PROVISIONS

Application Scope

Art. 21. This Law shall apply to national arbitration. It shall also apply to international arbitration, without prejudice to the provisions of the treaties, covenants, conventions or other instruments of international law ratified by El Salvador.

Arbitration Object

Art. 22.-Any disputes arising or arising between natural or legal persons capable, on civil or commercial matters in respect of which they are freely available, may be submitted to arbitration.

Excluded Materials

Art. 23.-They may not be subject to arbitration:

a) Matters contrary to public order or directly concerning the powers or functions of the State or persons governed by public law;

b) Criminal causes, except in the relating to civil liability arising from the offence;

c) Future food;

d) Disputes relating to goods or rights of unable, without prior judicial authorisation;

e) Those conflicts related to the family status of persons, except as regards the patrimonial status of the persons concerned; and,

f) The issues on which there has been a firm court judgment.

Exclude Labor Matter Exclusion

Art. 24. Labor disputes are not subject to the provisions of this law.

Arbitration in State Controversies, Preferential Application of Special Laws and Effective Treaties.

Art. 25.-The disputes in which the State and the legal persons governed by public law are interested parties may be submitted to arbitration, provided that they relate to the rights available to them and derive from a private legal relationship of private law or of a contractual nature.

In disputes arising out of contracts which the Salvadoran State or persons governed by public law conclude with nationals or with foreign nationals, it shall be subject to the provisions of special laws or international treaties or conventions and, failing that, to what is established by this Law.

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May be aware of the arbitration for this type of dispute the Centers established by this Law.

Private companies with state capital or mixed economy companies can agree freely and without prior authorization of disputes arising out of contracts concluded with National or foreign domiciled or who refer to their own property, are subject to Arbitration.

Arbitration Agreements Contained in Accession Contracts

Art. 26.-The arbitration agreements relating to legal relations contained in general contracting clauses, standard contracts or contracts for accession shall be fully valid between the parties as long as these conventions have been known or (a) to be known to the counterparty and its expression of willingness to submit to the arbitration shall be made in an express and independent manner.

It is presumed, without admitting proof to the contrary, that the arbitration agreement should be known, if it is satisfied with any of the following assumptions:

a) If the general conditions that include the the arbitration agreement is inserted into the body of the main contract and the latter is in writing and signed by both parties;

b) If the general conditions, despite not being reproduced in the body of the main contract, consist of on the back of the document and reference is made to the arbitration agreement in the body of the main contract and this is in writing and signed by the other party;

c) If the arbitration agreement is included in separate general conditions of the main document, but reference is made in the body of the main contract to the existence of arbitration and this is in writing and signed by the other party; and,

d) It was brought to the public's knowledge by appropriate publicity.

The refusal of the consumer or user to submit to an arbitration agreement may not prevent the The main contract celebration.

Preliminary Notifications and Communications

Art. 27.-Notification and written communications prior to the initiation of the arbitral procedure shall be governed by the following rules:

a) Any notification and any other written communication that is delivered shall be deemed valid. personally to the consignee or to whom he or she is represented, at his or her special address, in the establishment where he or she carries out his or her principal activity or residence;

b) Where none of the places identified in the Previous literal, any notification or written communication which has been received shall be deemed to have been received referred to by registered letter or any other means which is aware of the fact, to the last known address or habitual residence;

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(c) In the previous two cases, notification or communication shall be deemed to be received on the date on which the delivery was made; and,

d) The notifications shall be equally valid when they are made by registered mail, telex, facsimile, or any other means of communication of which a

Competition and Judicial Aid

Art. 28.-In terms of jurisdiction and judicial assistance, the following shall be:

a) In disputes that are resolved subject to this law, only the corresponding arbitral tribunal shall have jurisdiction. No other court or body may intervene, except that this Law shall expressly authorize it; and,

b) The judicial authority competent to assist in the cases established in this Law shall be qualified to know of the controversy in the absence of arbitration. Failing this, it shall be that of the place where the arbitration is to be held, if provided for; in the absence of that and at the choice of the claimant, the place of conclusion of the arbitration agreement or that of the domicile of the defendant or of any of them, if they are several.

NATIONAL ARBITRATION SECTION SECOND

CHAPTER I OF THE ARBITRATION AGREEMENT

Forming

Art. 29.-The arbitration agreement must be stated in writing.

It may take the form of a clause included in a contract or an independent agreement.

The agreement shall be deemed to have been formalized in writing not only when it is content in a single document subscribed by the parties, but also when it results from the exchange of letters or any other means of communication or correspondence which unequivocally leaves a documentary evidence of the will of the parties to the submit to arbitration.

Furthermore, the arbitration agreement is presumed to have been formalized in writing when, despite the absence of prior agreement, at the initiative of one of the parties involved, a controversy is submitted to the decision of one or more arbitrators who agree to resolve the dispute, mediating subsequent consent of the other or other parties

It will be presumed that there is agreement when, notified the contrary part of the initiative of who promoted the intervention of the arbitrators, the person to the arbitration procedure without objecting to the intervention.

Autonomy

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Art. 30.-Any arbitration agreement that forms part of a principal contract is considered to be an independent agreement of the other provisions of the contract.

Consequently, the total or partial nullity of a contract or other legal act that contains an arbitration agreement, shall not take with it any necessary means of the ancillary arbitration agreement.

The arbitrators may decide freely on the dispute subject to their pronouncement, which may, including, cover the vices which affect the contract or legal act containing the arbitration agreement.

Exception Arbitration

Art. 31. The arbitration exception shall be governed by the following principles:

(a) The arbitration agreement implies the waiver of the parties to initiate judicial proceedings on the matters or disputes submitted to the arbitration.

b) The authority The Court of Justice of the Court of Justice of the European Court of Justice of the European Court of Justice of the European Union In this case, that party may object to the arbitration exception that must be resolved without further processing and without any recourse against the decision.

Renunciation

Art. 32. The waiver of arbitration shall be governed by the following principles:

(a) The waiver of arbitration shall be valid only when the will of the parties concurs.

b) The parties may expressly waive the arbitration by way of

c)

is considered that there is a tacit resignation when one of the parties is sued by the other and does not object to a derogation from the arbitration in the corresponding procedural opportunity.

No tacit waiver of arbitration the fact that either party, before or during the arbitral proceedings, requests from a competent judicial authority the adoption of precautionary measures or that the judicial authority may grant compliance with such measures.

REFEREES CHAPTER II

Umpires

Art. 33.-The arbitrators do not represent the interests of any of the parties and shall exercise the position with strict impartiality and absolute discretion. In the performance of their duties they have full independence and are not subject to order, disposition or authority that undermines their privileges, enjoying in addition to professional secrecy.

Number of Referees

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Art. 34.-The parties shall determine the number of arbitrators which shall in any event be odd. In the absence of agreement of the parties the arbitrators will be three, if the controversy is of greater amount, or one, if it is of lesser amount.

Capacity

Art. 35.-Only natural persons who are in the full exercise of their citizens ' rights may be designated as arbitrators.

When the arbitration is to be decided on a right-hand basis, the arbitrators shall, in addition, be lawyers in the free movement. exercise of the profession. Where the arbitration is to be settled in accordance with technical standards or principles, the arbitrators shall be experts in the respective art, profession or trade.

The parties may lay down additional requirements or conditions for the arbitrators in the arbitration.

The arbitrators shall have the same powers, duties and responsibilities of the Joint Judges. In probative matter, the referees will have to analyze the tests and value them according to the rules of healthy criticism.

Disablement

Art. 36.-It shall not be possible to act as arbitrators who have with the parties or their proxies any of the causes of excuse and recusal that establish the procedural rules.

Nor shall the Judges, Magistrates, Prosecutors, Members of the European Parliament act as arbitrators. of the Legislative Assembly, public officials and employees of the Judicial Branch.

Designation

Art. 37.-The parties may designate the arbitrators directly and by common agreement or delegate to a third party, natural or legal person, the partial or total designation of the arbitrators.

If there is no agreement between the parties in the election of the arbitrators, each party shall elect one and the two appointed arbitrators shall elect a third party, who shall be the President of the Arbitration Tribunal.

In arbitration with a single arbitrator if either party is reluctant to appoint, or shall not agreement between them or if the two arbitrators or the third party or third parties cannot agree to the designation This or these shall be designated by the appropriate Arbitration Center, in the case of institutional arbitration or, in the case of ad-hoc arbitration, by any of the arbitration institutions that are legally established at the place of the address where the arbitration is to be carried out, at the request of either party.

IN ANY CASE, THE APPOINTMENT OF THE ARBITRATOR OR ARBITRATORS SHALL BE MADE ON THE BASIS OF THE MATERIAL PARTS OR THEIR REPRESENTATIVES, THROUGH DRAW BY INSACULATION. IF ANY OR ALL OF THE LEGALLY CITED PARTIES DO NOT APPEAR, THE DESIGNATION SHALL BE MADE WITHOUT THEIR PRESENCE; THE PARTIES AND THEIR REPRESENTATIVES SHALL BE ENTITLED TO, IN ADVANCE, REVIEW THE LIST OF ELIGIBLE PERSONS, SUBJECT TO THE INSACULATION.

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ALSO THE APPOINTMENT OF THE ARBITRATOR OR ARBITRATORS MAY BE MADE BY THE CHAMBERS OF THE CAPITAL OF THE REPUBLIC WITH JURISDICTION IN CIVIL MATTERS, WHICH SHALL APPOINT PERSONS WITH THE RESPECTIVE CREDENTIALS, VERIFIED IN A FEISTY FORM. (2)

Nullity

Art. 38.-It shall be void, in respect of the form of appointment of the arbitrators, the arbitration agreement which places one of the parties in a position of privilege in such a designation. In this case, the remainder of the agreement will remain valid and the rules enshrined in this Law will apply to the appointment of the arbitrators.

Notification and Acceptance of Appointment

Art. 39.-The appointment shall be communicated to the appointed arbitrators in a personal manner and shall have five working days to state whether they accept it or not. The lack of manifestation during the referred term will be negative and will allow the respective replacement to proceed.

Obligations

Art. 40.-The acceptance obliges the arbitrators and in the case of the Institutional Arbitration to them and the respective Arbitration Center, to fulfill their order with care and dedication, incurring the obligation to repair the damages that will come to cause the parties or third parties, if not, to do so.

Fees and Expenses

Art. 41. The arbitrators or the Arbitration Centre may, where appropriate, at any time require the parties to provide the funds it deems necessary to meet the fees of the arbitrators and the expenses which may arise in the administration and processing of the arbitration or the adjustment thereof, if the conditions of the case so warrant. Payments shall be made in the form and time at which the arbitrators or the institution so determine. The Centers, in its regulations, must establish the amount and form of payment of the fees of the arbitrators, the Center and the other costs and expenses of the arbitration procedure, being of mandatory compliance for the parties their observance.

Impediments and Recusations

Art. 42.-The arbitrators may refrain from acting as such or be challenged by the same grounds established by the Code of Civil Procedures for Judges. Likewise, they may be challenged for not meeting the conditions that, in accordance with the law or the agreement of the parties, have been established for the case.

The person to whom his appointment is communicated as an arbitrator must state to whom has appointed him all circumstances which may give rise to justified doubts as to his impartiality or independence.

Arbitrators appointed by the parties may only be challenged immediately and by cause to be brought over to their designation. They may also be for earlier causes when they have not been directly named by the parties or when they are known later.

Recusal and Replacement Procedure

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Art. 43.-If the Referee does not accept the proposed challenge, the decision of the same shall be adopted by the Arbitration Center, in case of an Institutional Arbitration or by the remaining arbitrators, when they are ad-hoc. In the case of a single arbitrator, the decision on recusal shall be taken by the Judge who has been competent to know the process under arbitration.

Against the decision of the arbitrators, the Arbitration Centre or the Judge, if any, by which the recusal is resolved, no recourse shall be made.

If the Arbitrator fails to know about the case or accept the challenge or, in accordance with the rules established, shall be separated from the knowledge of the case or shall be exercise of his office, his replacement shall be carried out in the same way as the Umpire has been appointed must be replaced.

Arbitral Court Organization

Art. 44.-In the event that the Tribunal is formed by more than one arbitrator, the Tribunal shall elect a President of the Arbitration Court. In the absence of an agreement, he will exercise as President the oldest arbitrator and if it is an institutional arbitration, the designation of the President will be made in accordance with the respective regulations.

In cases where there is only one Umpire, this exercise all the functions and powers of the Tribunal.

The arbitral tribunal shall, if it considers it appropriate, appoint a Registrar or elect from among them, if they consider it appropriate, to which it carries out the duties of Registrar, who in No case may be the Chairman of the Arbitration Tribunal.

CHAPTER III OF THE PROCEDURE ARBITRATION

Freedom of Procedures

Art. 45.-The parties may subject themselves to the rules of procedure of the Arbitration Center to which the Arbitration Court is to be submitted.

They may also freely determine the rules of procedure or delegate to the arbitrators the

In case the parties have not settled on the particular, the rules of the Arbitration Center shall be followed in which the arbitration is to be handled, when this is an institutional one, or those established in this law, in the event that shall be for ad-hoc arbitration.

In no case shall any of the incident be subject to any incident, except for those procedures covered by this Law.

Rules of Procedure of the Arbitration Tribunal

Art. 46. In the arbitral proceedings in which more than one arbitrator has acted, any decision of the arbitral tribunal shall be taken, unless otherwise agreed by the parties, by a majority of votes. However, the referee

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President may decide on procedural matters, if permitted by the parties or all arbitrators of the Arbitration Tribunal.

The receipt of the evidence may only be made with the presence of all the arbitrators.

Ad-hoc Arbitration Rules

Art. 47.-Unless otherwise agreed by the parties or the arbitrators, in accordance with the terms of the preceding article, the arbitration procedure, for ad-hoc arbitration, shall be subject to the following rules:

Demand, Contstation, Strokes and Exceptions:

1.-The party that promotes the initiation of the arbitration shall submit to the arbitrators its claim together with its annexes, within eight working days from the acceptance of the last Arbitration.

demand will be immediately transferred to the defendant, who will have eight days to submit their reply, together with the respective annexes. In the same period of time and opportunity, it must present its exceptions and counterclaim if it is the case.

Of the exceptions and the counterclaim, where appropriate, the applicant shall be moved to give its opinion on the matter for which the effect will have ten working days. In case of proposed exceptions against it will be given the transfer in the form and terms of the main demand.

Annexes to the demand, its response or the demand for counterclaim, must add all the documentary proof that is intended to be made If you do not have it, your content will be indicated, the place in which it is found and your incorporation will be requested for the process.

Expiration and Rebellion:

2.-If the person promoting the arbitral action will not present his or her claim within the the Court of Justice of the European Court of Justice of the European Union his duties and will return the actions so that the parties promote his action in the face of ordinary justice.

There will be no acknowledgement or declaration of rebellion, so in the absence of a response to the request, the procedure will continue its course.

Quotation to Reconciliation:

3.-Due to the above deadlines, the arbitrators will quote the parties to an audience of

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reconciliation in the way that this Act prevents. If an agreement is reached, the arbitrators will terminate the procedure. The parties may request the Court that the arrangement reached be elevated to the final award category.

Test:

4.-If no total agreement of the claims is reached, the procedure will continue in what it does. the withdrawal of evidence which, with the exception of those of a documentary nature, shall be carried out at the hearing and must be carried out within the maximum period of 30 working days from the date of the defence of the application or of the counterclaim.

Allegations:

5.-Evacuation of the tests the arbitrators will be able to request the parties submitting a written summary of their claims.

Laude:

6.-Verified the above, the arbitrators shall proceed to issue the award for which they shall take into account the maximum time limit set for the arbitration procedure in The present Law.

Procedure of the Law of Law:

7.-In those events in which the disputed matter is a mere right, after the completion of the proceedings referred to in the numeral 1 precedent, the hearing of the regulated reconciliation in the previous numeral 3. If there is no agreement or partial agreement, the Court shall immediately give its award, for which it shall have a period of 15 working days, if the parties have not set a different time limit. In the Institutional Arbitration or in the event that the procedure is established by the parties or the arbitrators, in accordance with the provisions of this Law, the provisions of this number shall apply, unless otherwise provided by the parties.

Minor Cuantia Procedure:

8.-In those events in which the arbitration of minor amounts is concerned, the parties may request the arbitrators to, after the completion of the proceedings referred to in the preceding and unsuccessful numerals 1, the hearing referred to in the preceding paragraph 3, a single hearing shall be held for the purposes of the tests and the the respective award shall be made within five working days following the practice of the award. If you do not apply for it or if there is no different procedure, the procedure set out in this article will apply.

Mandatory and Optional Procurement

Art. 48.-In cases considered to be of greater value, the parties must act through a lawyer in the free exercise of the profession. In those in which the claims are of a lesser amount, they may act on their own or be valid from a professional of the right to exercise, at their choice.

Start and Duration of the Procedure

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Art. 49.-The Arbitration procedure is initiated when the last of the appointed arbitrators has expressed to the parties in writing their acceptance of the charge. From that time on, the term of the arbitral tribunal shall be counted, which, unless otherwise agreed by the parties, shall not exceed three months, without prejudice to the parties, by common agreement and prior to their expiry, to decide on the

After the deadline without the award of the award, the arbitration agreement will have no effect, and the court will issue the judicial way to raise the controversy.

Temporary Suspension and Disissue

Art. 50. The parties to the agreement may at any time before the award be made, agree to the withdrawal of the arbitration or the suspension of the Arbitration Procedure; likewise, it shall be suspended in the event of death, resignation, final incapacity, temporary incapacity of more than fifteen days or separation from an Umpire, until such time has been replaced and the designated Referee has accepted the charge.

In any of the cases referred to, the term of suspension of the the process shall not be taken into account for the purposes of calculating the maximum duration of the arbitration procedure and, accordingly, it must be discounted in its entirety.

Procedure Autonomy

Art. 51.-The arbitrators are empowered to decide on their own competence, including on oppositions relating to the existence, effectiveness or validity of the Arbitration Convention.

Total or partial opposition to arbitration for ineffectiveness, invalidity or revocation of the Arbitration Convention or because the arbitration to resolve the matter at issue is not agreed upon, the parties shall be required to submit their initial claims. The arbitrators will, however, be able to consider these issues in an informal manner.

The parties will not be prevented from opposing by the fact that they have appointed an arbitrator or participated in their appointment.

Without prejudice to the In the Arbitration Rules of the Institution, in the case of Institutional Arbitration, or as agreed by the arbitrators, or the parties, in the ad-hoc arbitration, the arbitrators will resolve these issues as a prior question. However, the Arbitration Court will be able to proceed with the proceedings and decide on such objections in the award.

Place of Arbitration

Art. 52. The parties may freely determine the place of arbitration. If it is not provided for in the Arbitration Convention, the rules of the Arbitration Center, where the arbitration is an institutional one, or the arbitrators, in other cases, will be available to them.

Language

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Art. 53.-The parties may freely agree the language that in addition to the Spanish language should be used in the arbitration proceedings. In the absence of such an agreement, the arbitral tribunal shall determine the languages to be used in the proceedings. This agreement or this determination shall be applicable, unless otherwise agreed, to all the parties ' writings, to all hearings and to any award, decision or other communication issued by the arbitral tribunal.

The court Arbitration may order that any documentary evidence be accompanied by a translation into one of the languages agreed by the parties or determined by the arbitral tribunal.

Prior Diligence and Conciliation

Art. 54. The Director of the Arbitration Centre shall, before the commencement of the arbitration proceedings, summon the parties for a conciliation hearing to be held under his management in the respective centre. For this purpose, the call shall be made prior to the appointment of the arbitrators and, in the event of a total settlement of the parties ' claims, it shall result in the conclusion of the arbitration procedure. If this is partial, the arbitral tribunal will be able to resolve only the petitions that will remain pending the agreement.

In the case of ad-hoc arbitration, it will be in accordance with the provisions of Article 47 number 3 precedent. If there is a total agreement between the parties, they may request that the same be registered in the form of an arbitration award and the procedure shall be terminated. If there is no agreement or this is a partial one, the procedure shall continue to resolve the requests that remain pending.

In any part of the arbitration procedure, be ad-hoc or institutional, before the award, the parties, of the common agree, may request the court to be summoned to a new conciliation hearing which shall be subject to the same rules laid down in this Article or to a transaction which shall be incorporated into an arbitration award if the parties so agree request.

The time that the parties take for reconciliation, from the request to the time where a definition is produced between them by an agreement or the refusal thereto, it shall not be taken into account within the calculation of the maximum duration of the arbitration procedure.

Probatory Rules

Art. 55.-The arbitrators shall have the exclusive power to determine the admissibility, relevance and value of the evidence. Likewise, they will be endowed with sufficient powers to decree officiously, when deemed necessary, the practice of testing of any nature.

At any stage of the process, the arbitrators will be able to request the parties clarifications or information.

Dealing with expert evidence, they may order the opinion to be explained or extended.

The arbitrators may give up the time limits already fulfilled by the parties. The inactivity of the parties does not prevent the prosecution of the process or the award of the award on the basis of what has already been done.

The arbitrators may dispense with the unevacuated evidence, if they are deemed to be adequately informed, by means of providence that you will have no resource.

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The practice of the evidence, except in the case of the documentary evidence, shall be conducted in an audience for which the parties shall be summoned in advance of the date, time and place where the respective hearing or diligence shall take place.

The evidence will be conducted by the full Court; for the tests to be carried out outside the place of the address, the person may carry them out directly or commission any judicial authority in the place to practise them. For the practice of testing abroad, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedures will be in place.

The parties, by common agreement, may decide that for the practice of the tests outside the seat of the Tribunal, it is possible to go to the use of electronic or similar means for obtaining the same, not only for the reception of documentary evidence but for the evidence of testimonials and other evidence, without the need to commission in the aforementioned terms, in search of greater speed and cheapness of the costs of the Arbitration Procedure.

Copies for the parts

Art. 56.-Of all the actions, documents and any other information that one of the parties provides to the Court of Arbitration shall be given copy to the other without the need to dictate providence that it so directs. In the same way, the expert opinions or evidence documents in which the Arbitration Court may be based to take its decision shall be made available to both parties.

Legal Aid

Art. 57.-The arbitral tribunal may request the assistance of any judicial authority for the execution of tests that it cannot carry out by itself.

Days and working hours

Art. 58.-For the practice of arbitral proceedings, every day and hours are business.

CHAPTER IV OF THE ARBITRATION AWARD

Foundation

Art. 59.-The arbitrators shall decide on the matter subject to their consideration by law, equity or in accordance with technical standards and principles, in accordance with the provisions of the Arbitration Convention.

In the event that the parties have not agreed to the The arbitrators will have to resolve with equity.

Formatter

Art. 60.-The award shall be written and shall indicate:

1.-Place and date;

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2.-Names, nationality, domicile and general of the parties and arbitrators;

3.-The question submitted to arbitration and a summary of the arguments and conclusions of the parties;

4.-Valuation of the tests carried out, if in case of arbitration in the case of arbitration in the case of arbitration in equity;

5.-The resolution must be clear, precise and consistent with the claims and other claims deducted in the plein time, making the statements that are required, condemning or absolving the defendant, and deciding all the contested points which have been the subject of the debate. Where these have been several, the statement corresponding to each of them shall be made, with due separation, with the corresponding logical order;

6.-The determination of the costs of the process, if any; and,

7.-The signatures of all members of the Arbitration Tribunal or most of them.

Voting

Art. 61. The award may be adopted by unanimity or by a simple majority of votes and shall be signed by the arbitrators. The dissident arbitrator shall state in writing the reasons for his separation from the criterion of the majority arbitrators. In case the majority of the decision is not taken by the President of the Court.

Authenticity

Art. 62.-The arbitral award in the case of institutional arbitration shall be authentic with the signature of the arbitrator or arbitrators who have intervened and the seal of the respective Center, without any need for judicial or notarial proceedings.

when the arbitral award is to be registered, the filing of a copy of the award, certified by the Director of the Arbitration Center, in the case of arbitration, shall be

. institutional, or Notary, dealing with ad-hoc arbitration.

Effects

Art. 63.-The final arbitration award has the same force and validity of an enforceable and passed court judgment in the authority of res judicata; the parties to the hearing shall be notified to the parties that the arbitrators shall cite for the purposes of the judgment, either whether or not they attend the hearing. The award will be delivered authentic copy to each of the parties.

Clarification, Correction, or Addition

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Art. 64.-The award shall be subject to clarification, correction or addition and shall be final upon completion of such proceedings, where appropriate.

Within five working days following the notification of the award to the parties, they may request clarification of its resolutive part; addition, for the event that some end of the litis would have been left unresolved or, correction of it, for errors of calculation, of copy or typographical, or the referees officialously carry it out. The Court shall clarify, supplement or correct the award, if any, within a period not exceeding seven working days from the respective application. Against any of the decisions referred to in this Article there is no recourse whatsoever.

Executive Laute

Art. 65.-The award-winning arbitration award is enforceable in the same manner and terms as laid down in the Civil Procedure Code for court judgments.

CHAPTER V OF THE RESOURCES

General Rule

Art. 66.-Against the decisions of the arbitrators, different from the award, there is no recourse.

Art. 66-A.-THE ARBITRAL AWARD GIVEN IN THE ARBITRATION IN LAW IS APPEALABLE WITH SUSPENSORY EFFECT, WITHIN THE SEVEN WORKING DAYS FOLLOWING THE NOTIFICATION OF THE SAME OR OF THE PROVIDENCE BY MEANS OF WHICH IT IS CLARIFIED, CORRECTED OR ADDED, FOR THE CHAMBERS OF SECOND INSTANCE WITH JURISDICTION IN CIVIL MATTERS, THE DOMICILE OF THE DEFENDANT OR ANY OF THEM IF THEY ARE SEVERAL.

IN OTHERS, AS REGARDS THE PROCESSING OF THE APPEAL, IT SHALL BE APPLICABLE TO THE PROVISIONS OF THE COMMON LAW.

AGAINST THE PROVIDENCE OF THE SECOND INSTANCE CHAMBER WILL NOT HAVE ANY RECOURSE. (2)

Action for nullity

Art. 67.-Against the arbitral award only the application of invalidity may be brought within seven working days of the notification of the same or of the providence by means of which it is clarified, corrected or added.

The appeal must to be written in writing and shall only be carried out by the causals which are laid down in this Law in a taxative manner. Its procedure will be for the Chamber of Second Instance of the Civil of the jurisdiction of the place where the award was made. However, the parties, at their expense, may stipulate from the Arbitration Convention, that the appeal shall be dealt with and shall decide before a new arbitral tribunal, regulating in the same way the respective procedure.

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Causals

Art. 68.-The only grounds for the refusal of the award are as follows:

1.-The absolute nullity of the arbitration agreement from illegal objects or causes. The other grounds for absolute or relative nullity may be invoked only where they have been alleged in the arbitral proceedings and have not been sanitized or validated in the course of the arbitral proceedings.

2.-Failure to constitute the Arbitral Tribunal legal, provided that this causal has been stated in an express way since the initiation of the Arbitration Procedure.

3.-The notifications in the form provided for in this law have not been made, except that from the procedural action it is deduced that the interested party knew or had to know the providence.

4.-When without legal basis they will be decreed (a) the right to be evacuated, provided that such omissions have an effect on the decision and the person concerned has claimed them in the form and time due, except in the case of the case, referred to in Article 55 (5) of this Law.

5.-The award shall be made after the expiration of the term fixed for the arbitral process or its extensions.

6.-The failure of equity shall be in law, whenever this circumstance appears manifest in the award.

7.-Contain the resolutive part of the award of arithmetic errors or contradictory provisions, provided that they have been submitted in due time to the Arbitration Court and have not been corrected.

8.-The award on points not subject to the decision of the arbitrators has been or have been granted more than order.

9.-Not having decided on issues subject to the arbitration.

Admissibility and Reject

Art. 69.-The Chamber of the Second Instance shall reject the action of nullity when it appears that its interposition is extemporaneous or when the causals do not correspond to any of those mentioned in the previous Article.

IN PROVIDENCE BY MEANS OF WHICH THE CHAMBER IS CALLED TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE APPEAL IF THIS RESULT IS OBTAINED, ORDER THE SUCCESSIVE TRANSFER FOR FIVE DAYS, THE APPELLANT TO SUPPORT IT AND TO THE CONTRARY PARTY TO SUBMIT ITS ARGUMENT. THE TRANSFERS WILL BE RUN IN THE SECRETARIAT AND WITHOUT THE NEED FOR NEW PROVIDENCE. (1)

In case the appeal is not supported by the appellant, the Chamber of the Second Instance shall declare it deserted with a conviction on the costs of the appeal.

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Resource Procedure and Expiration

Art. 70.-The transfer and practice of the necessary evidence in the judgment of the Chamber of the Second Instance shall be decided on the appeal for which it shall be within a period of not more than one month.

When any of the causal causes prospe in Article 68 (1), (2), (3), (4), (5) and (6), the Chamber shall declare the award of the award. The other shall order the arbitral tribunal to make the corrections or additions to the case.

Against the providence of the Chamber of the Second Instance, no recourse shall be made, including the right of appeal either directly or "per saltum".

Precauthority Measures

Art. 71.-The application of nullity has been filed, the party to whom it is interested may request the precautionary providences conducive to ensuring the full effectiveness of that party.

CHAPTER VI OF THE EXECUTION OF THE AWARD AND THE CESSATION OF FUNCTIONS OF THE COURT

Judicial Execution

Art. 72.-From the execution of the arbitral awards, you will know the qualified judge qualified to know the controversy in the absence of arbitration.

Function Cesation

Art. 73.-The arbitral tribunal shall cease in its functions:

1.-When the consignment of expenses and fees provided for in this law is not made in due time.

2.-By will of the parties.

3.-For the award of the award with their additions, corrections or additions.

4.-For the interposition of the application for nullity, except in the case of Causals 7, 8 or 9 of Article 68 and this Law.

5.-By the expiration of the deadline set for the process or the their extension, if any.

6.-When there is total agreement in the conciliation hearing.

Expense End Settlement

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Art. 74.-Termination of the process, the arbitral tribunal shall make the final settlement of the expenses, provide the arbitrators with the corresponding expenses, cover the outstanding expenses, and, upon reasoned account, return the balance to the parties, if any.

INTERNATIONAL AND FOREIGN ARBITRATION SECTION

UNICO CHAPTER

SUBSTITUTE APPLICATION

ART. 75.-The provisions of this Chapter shall apply to International and Foreign Arbitration, without prejudice to any treaty, convention or pact, multilateral or bilateral in respect of which all the requirements required for their validity.

Effective International Law Primary

Art. 76. In case of conflict between Treaties, International Covenants or Conventions and this Law, the former will prevail.

International Arbitration of State

Art. 77.-International Arbitration within or outside the country, freely and without prior authorization, may be subject to disputes arising from contracts which the Salvadoran State and public law entities conclude with (a) national or foreign nationals who are not domiciled or derive from a private legal relationship of private law, provided that they deal with available rights.

In all of these cases, the arbitration must be held before a Arbitration Center recognised prestige and the State or its entities may be subject to the regulations and rules of the same.

Choice Freedom

Art. 78. The parties to the International Arbitration shall be entitled to choose the applicable substantive and procedural rules under which the arbitrators shall resolve the dispute and determine the place of arbitration.

Running International or Foreign Lauds

Art. 79.-The arbitral awards pronounced abroad, as well as those considered as International under this law, shall be executed in El Salvador in accordance with the Treaties, Acts or Conventions that are in force in the Republic or, in default of these, by common legal standards.

Recognition and Authorization

Art. 80.-The recognition and enforcement of the international or foreign arbitration award shall be required before

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the Supreme Court of Justice in accordance with the rules established in the treaties, covenants or conventions in force in the Republic or, failing that, by the Code of Civil Procedures.

It will not be necessary in accordance with the provisions of the Law Organic Judicial, the authorization for the execution of judgments of International arbitral tribunals created by mandatory conventions for El Salvador.

Legalization or Translation

Art. 81.-The party requesting recognition and enforcement shall present the award and the arbitration agreement duly legalized, and translated as appropriate.

Rules of Recognition and Enforcement

Art. 82.-The recognition and enforcement of an international or foreign arbitral award shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of the Treaties, Acts or Conventions in force in the Republic; if there is no current one, the following shall apply: rules:

1.-The recognition and enforcement of a foreign arbitral award, at the request of an interested party, may be refused only in any of the following cases:

a) That one of the parties to the arbitration agreement was affected by an inability;

b) That the convention is not valid under the law to which the parties submitted or, if nothing has been indicated in this respect, under the law of the country in which the award has been made;

c) That the party against which the award is invoked has not been duly notified of the appointment of a the arbitral proceedings or has not, for any other reason, been able to assert their rights;

d) That the award relates to a dispute not provided for in the arbitration agreement or contains decisions that exceed the terms of the arbitration agreement. However, if the provisions of the award relating to questions submitted to arbitration are to be separated from that which is not, recognition and enforcement may be given to the former;

e) The composition of the arbitral tribunal or the arbitration procedure has not been adjusted to the agreement concluded between the parties or, in the absence of such an agreement, that they have not been in accordance with the law of the country where the arbitration took place;

f) That the award is not yet compulsory for the parties or has been disallowed or suspended by a court whose legislation was applied to dictate the award; and,

g) object of the dispute is not liable to arbitration according to this law or that the recognition or execution of the award are contrary to the public order.

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2.-The Supreme Court of Justice may, of its own motion, refuse recognition or enforcement when it finds that under the laws of the Republic the object of the dispute is not susceptible to arbitration, or the award is contrary to public order international.

Judicial Execution

Art 83.-The execution of the award, once recognized in the form laid out by the Treaties, Acts or Conventions or, failing this law, will be carried out before the Judge that according to the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedures and Organic Law Judicial, correspond to the execution of national sentences.

TITLE FOURTH OF THE CENTERS OF ARBITRATION

Arbitration Centers

Art. 84.-The Chambers of Commerce, the Associations and the Universities will be able to found and organize Arbitration Centers in accordance with the terms established in this chapter. Such institutions shall form an integral part of the institution concerned and may or may not be legal persons independent of the institution. The Arbitration Centers can also provide the mediation service.

Requirements

Art. 85.-The Arbitration Centres must comply with the following requirements in order to exercise their functions:

1.-Establish a regulation containing:

a) The list of arbitrators, which may not be less than twenty; indicate the manner in which it is structured, the requirements for entry into it, the validity of the list, the causes of exclusion of the list, as well as the way to make the appointment of the arbitrators to attend each case;

b) fees for arbitrators or mediators, where applicable;

c) Fees for administrative expenditure;

d) Administrative rules applicable to the center;

e) Organization chart of the Center, manner of designation of its officials and assignment of functions;

f) Rules of procedure arbitration. These standards will be effective and efficient in order to achieve in an agile manner and with respect for the rights of the parties the early resolution of the dispute.

2.-Contar with a Code of Ethics; and,

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3.-Organize a file of mediation minutes, where applicable, transaction contracts and arbitration awards.

The Centers will have the facilities and facilities necessary to be able to properly serve their functions, as well as with personnel. qualified and qualified for the effect.

Authorization

Art. 86.-The Ministry of Government will be in charge of authorizing the operation of the Arbitration Centers; prior verification of compliance with the requirements stated in this Law, leading to this effect a public registry of the centers authorized.

For such authorization to be granted is required:

1) The presentation of a feasibility study developed with the methodology for the effect of the Law Regulation; and,

2) Sufficient logistical, administrative and financial resources to effectively meet the function for which you request to be authorized.

Sanctions

Art. 87.-The Ministry of Government, once the violation of the Law or its regulations has been established, may impose on the Arbitration Centers, by means of a reasoned resolution, any of the following sanctions:

a) Written assembly;

b) Fine of up to two hundred current monthly legal minimum wages, taking into account the severity of the Arbitration Center's lack and economic capacity;

c) Suspension of operating authorization for up to a term of six months;

d) Revocation of the operating authorization.

When to a Center Arbitration has revoked the operating authorization, its legal representatives or administrators will be disabled to apply again for such authorization, for a term of five years.

Art. 88.-The Arbitration Centers may also engage in mediation upon approval by the competent authority of the applicable rules.

Imbias

Art. 89.-The Centres may intervene in disputes which arise between their members or between

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these and a person who is not a member of the Institution of which the Center is a party, provided that the latter expresses in the arbitration agreement that, in the knowledge of such circumstances, he submits to that jurisdiction and accepts the rules of the procedure of arbitration of that center.

TITLE 5 PROVISIONS TRANSIENT, REPEAL AND EFFECTIVE

UNIQUE CHAPTER

Transitional Provisions

Art. 90.-The arbitral proceedings initiated prior to the entry into force of this law shall be governed in accordance with the previous legislation.

This provision includes the resources that are being processed.

Validly stipulated prior to the validity of this law, will be governed as to its effectiveness by the provisions of the new Law.

Regulation

Art. 91.-The General Regulation of this Law shall be issued by the President of the Republic within 30 days of its validity.

Repeals

Art. 92.-Derogase:

a) Title II of Book IV of the Code of Commerce, which contains Articles 1004 to 1012;

b) Chapter III of the Law on Mercantile Procedures containing Articles 12 to 20;

c) The ordinal 3rd of the Article 1, literal (c) of Article 2 and Articles 21 and 22 of the Law of Cassation;

d) Section 3, Chapter II, Title I, First Part, Part 1, of the Code of Civil Procedures, which contains Articles 56 to 79; and,

e) Any other provision that opposes this law.

Vigency

Art. 93.-This Law will enter into force eight days after its publication in the Official Journal.

GIVEN IN THE LEGISLATIVE PALACE: San Salvador, at the eleven days of July of the year two thousand two.

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Ciro Cruz Zepeda Peña, President.

Walter Rene Araujo Morales, Julio Antonio Gamero Quintanilla, First Vice President. Second Vice President.

Rene Napoleon Aguiluz Carranza, Third Vice President.

Carmen Elena Calderón de Escalón, José Rafael Machuca Zelaya, First Secretary. Second Secretary.

Alfonso Aristides Alvarenga, William Rizziery Pichinte, Third Secretary. Fourth Secretary.

Ruben Orellana Mendoza, Fifth Secretary.

CASA PRESIDENTIAL: San Salvador, at the twenty-three days of July of the year two thousand two.

PUBESQUIESE,

Francisco Guillermo Flores Pérez, President of the Republic.

Conrado López Andreu, Minister of Government.

D. O. No. 153 Took Nº 356 Date: August 21, 2002.

REFORMS:

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(1) D.L. No. 728, OCTOBER 15, 2008; D.O. No. 211, T. 381, NOVEMBER 10, 2008.

(2) D.L. No. 141, OCTOBER 1, 2009; D.O. NO 203, T. 385, OCTOBER 30, 2009.

CGC 1/12/08

CGC 19/11/09