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Determination Of The Efficiency Of The Use Of Energy In The Event Of Divorce, The Thermal Energy

Original Language Title: stanovení účinnosti užití energie při rozvodu tepelné energie

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193/2007 Sb.



Decree



of 17 May. July 2007,



laying down the details of the effectiveness of the use of energy in the event of divorce

thermal energy and heat energy inside the divorce and cold



The Ministry of industry and trade shall be determined according to § 14 para. 5 of law No.

406/2000 Coll. on energy management, as amended by law No. 177/2006 Coll.

(hereinafter referred to as the "Act") to implement section 6 (1). 9 of the Act:



§ 1



The subject of the edit



(1) this Decree incorporates the relevant provision of the European

Community ^ 1). Sets out requirements for the effectiveness of the use of energy in the newly

established by the devices for the distribution of thermal energy, and for the internal distribution of

heat and cold, and on the facilities these devices thermal

insulation, control and management of the



and, hot-water and steam) of hot-water network and for the distribution of hot

water and cold including connections, with the exception of cooling water from the energy

and technological processes, which dissipates heat energy into the surrounding

environment,



b) pass-through or heat exchange stations,



c) internal distribution of heat energy, cooling, and hot water in the

buildings (hereinafter referred to as "internal distribution").



(2) Furthermore, this Decree provides for the detection of heat loss

a device for the distribution of heat energy and the internal distribution of heat energy,

cold and hot water.



(3) this Ordinance shall apply to the distribution of thermal equipment and internal

distribution of heat energy and cold used to supply heat energy

residential objects or objects together housing for technological

purposes and for non-residential premises.



§ 2



The effectiveness of the use of energy in the event of divorce, the thermal energy



(1) heat network is dimenzuje, so that annual usage its ability

transfer of heat energy was the greatest. Where the optimization

calculation, respecting the economically efficient energy savings, convenience

a separate pipeline to operate outside the heating period, dimenzuje,

piping referred to in economic measurement of pressure loss.



(2) the effectiveness of the use of energy in terms of its transport and in terms of

heat loss is determined by the formula set out in annex 1 to this

the Decree.



(3) when designing new and reconstruction of existing heat networks

is it a solution for that has a minimum value of energy

performance in terms of thermal energy transport étac and maximum value

efficiency in terms of heat loss étaz. The minimum values of respectively

the maximum values may not be complied with if it is designed better

solution based on an optimization calculation taking account of the economically

efficient energy savings. Circulating pump with nepředimenzovává and

It is proposed in the vicinity of its highest energy efficiency.



(4) under operating conditions the effectiveness of the use of energy in terms of

heat loss evaluates étaz once a year.



§ 3



Heat-carrying medium and its parameters in the heat of a divorce



(1) for the heating and hot water, and everywhere, where, for a given

purpose, it is sufficient for the transfer of elects the heat energy hot

water up to 90 ° C or 115 ° C, hot water above 115 ° C will be used

for large heat networks intended to supply the large housing estates, municipalities

and remote customers. Steam as the heat-carrying medium, it's just there,

where is the Thermo-technically well-founded and justified optimization

calculation, and in particular for technological purposes.



(2) Calculated the temperature in the return pipe is chosen lower than or equal to 70

degrees C higher than 70 degrees C, in particular because of the accumulation of heat in the

the network, it is necessary to justify the optimization calculation, respecting

economically efficient energy savings.



(3) Warm or hot water for space heating during the heating period

maintains in accordance with weather conditions on the temperature necessary for

ensure the supply of heat energy required to achieve thermal comfort

users connected residential and non-residential premises.



(4) the pressure in the hot-water and hot-water network is in operation, maintains at a level

that ensures that in any part of a pipeline or in the attached sampling

the device does not heat water has evaporated. In the return pipe

maintains a permanent overpressure.



(5) steam parameters are chosen so that, with regard to the loss of pressure and temperature

on the network meet the requirements of all connected customers and to

the transport was limited by the condensation in the pipes. To do this, we shall take into account

When dimensioning the pipes.



(6) during the reconstruction of steam heating network, steam as the heat-carrying medium

Replace in accordance with paragraph 1, warm or hot water in

all parts or separate circuits, where heat is supplied

energy for heating and hot water, or for the technological

purposes.



§ 4



The internal distribution of heat energy



(1) the thermal energy each appliance, shall be with the shut-off valve

the ability, if its technical solutions and the use of permits. Each

radiator valve with shut-off and equips the regulatory capabilities with

regulator to ensure local control and a two-point connection,

except for one-pipe heating systems, whether or not the regulatory nipple, if

This is not the case under § 7 para. 5.



(2) every steam appliance including steam divorce or technically

justifiable cases, a group of appliances shall be suitably elected

condensate drain, preventing entry into pairs in the condensate

the pipeline, with the exception of the appliances with power control on the side of the condensate.

Each steam the appliance connected to the involvement in the common

drain CAP are kitted out with feedback and closing valves.



(3) For heating systems with forced circulation of heat-carrying medium non-manufacturing objects

the temperature of the heat-carrying medium is selected on input to the radiator to 75th.

C. heating with natural circulation heating water temperature is selected

flow at the inlet to the radiator a maximum of 90 degrees C.



(4) to lower the temperature and the use of evaporation in the kondenzátním system

install chillers that provide cooling of condensate under 100

(C).



(5) heat energy transmitted to the heated space of uninsulated

the pipeline is considered permanent heat gain, which will be considered in the design

thermal performance of radiators according to tables 1 and 2 listed in annex

No 2 to this Decree, if the design temperature of the heat-carrying medium in

divorce is equal to or higher than 60 degrees C Mount pipe to heating

the housing is up from 2 respects m.



§ 5



Thermal insulation equipment for the distribution of heat energy and the internal distribution of

thermal energy for heating and technological purposes, and for the distribution of hot

water



(1) the portion of the heat network, which passes through the netemperovanými premises, with

the substance at a temperature higher than 40 ° C not used for tempering

spaces, which goes through, shall be equipped with thermal insulation. If you need to

ensure the cooling of condensate under specified temperature and the cooling is not

available in dochlazovačích that allow the use of

heat, then it is possible in rare cases, do not install the insulation on the

drain pipes and tanks.



(2) thermal insulation protects against mechanical damage. External

the surface of the isolated pipes are adjusted so that was resistant to the outside

environment and sunlight. Thermal insulation prevents condensation

measures to protect against atmospheric moisture, at bezkanálového

the natural moisture in the cables in channels against

ground and surface water in these channels.



(3) thermal insulation for interior distribution systems with distributed substance in 115th.

(C) is proposed so that its surface temperature is less than 20 K higher

compared with the ambient temperature and on the internal wiring with the substance above the 115

C less than 25 K compared to the ambient temperature, if not on the basis of § 5

paragraph. 4 unless otherwise specified.



(4) On all internal pipes must be installed thermal insulation,

If not intended for heating or tempering the surrounding space, with

the exception concerning the kondenzátních piping and tanks.



(5) Isolation valves and flanges shall be carried out as removable. The insulation is

not required for valves, where it threatened their function or substantially

makes handling them.



(6) the minimum thickness of thermal insulation of valves is chosen the same as for

the pipes of the same nominal diameter.



(7) in calculating heat loss with heat loss through non-insulated distribution

fixtures, saving, and the correction factor affect the compensators

the time on the length of the pipe



and save for bezkanálového 1.15),



(b)), while keeping in the sewers, 1.25



(c)) for overhead or ground lead 1.30.



(8) for the thermal insulation of wiring materials having a coefficient of

thermal conductivity lambda separation less than or equal to 0.045 W/m. K and u

internal wiring less or equal to 0.040 W/m. K (lambda values given

at 0 ° C), if it do not exclude safety requirements.



(9) in the case of divorce, the thickness of the thermal insulation provides the calculation so that the

heat transfer coefficient expressed on unit length of pipe at was

less than or equal to the values specified in annex No. 3.



(10) at higher operating temperatures over 90 degrees C is for internal

proportionally, reinforced insulation thickness distribution systems to comply with the requirement

in accordance with paragraph 3.



(11) for internal distribution, the minimum thickness of the heat insulation (diz-


(d))/2 sets out the calculation so that the heat transfer coefficient on CVT

unit length of pipe at was less than or equal to the value specified in the annex

No. 3 to this Decree and satisfy the provisions of paragraph 3.

The calculation shall be carried out according to the relation shown in annex 3. In internal

distribution of plastic and copper thickness of thermal insulation is chosen according to the

the outer diameter of the pipe nearest the outside diameter of the pipe in DN series.



(12) for the smaller diameter than the internal DN 10 to determine the

the thickness of the thermal insulation shall take into account the izolačnímu logical neřešitelnému

conflict.



§ 6



Transfer stations and their equipment



(1) each source of heat energy for central heating, or it

the attached transfer station to the efficient management of security

thermal energy and equilibrium between production and consumption of thermal

energy equip equipment automatically regulates the temperature of the heat transfer

substances, in particular, depending on the weather conditions or

in relation to the outdoor temperature indoor temperature in the heated space or

by load or pressure regulator steam. The requirement does not apply to

boiler room with násypnými solid fuel boiler.



(2) in the sampling device permanently keeps the heat pressure difference in

the amount, which allows regulation of heating and hot water temperature at the

consumers.



(3) transfer stations should preferably be established separately for each

customer. A joint station for more customers during the reconstruction

preferably replace the stations for each customer.



(4) when designing regulation in the transfer stations shall

the adoption of a technically good while maintaining economic

advantage.



(5) preparation of hot water is always addressed as transfer stations

pressure-independent with the Department of ohřívající and heated fl

the heat exchange surface.



(6) the transfer station is being equipped with automatic temperature control

heat-carrying medium. The type of regulation is chosen according to the maximum

available heat energy savings and in accordance with paragraph 4.



(7) in the primary for the divorce of new or reconstructed

transfer stations will carry out measures that prevent exceeding the maximum

permissible flow rate on the primary side of the divorce at the Subscriber. In steam

heat networks are installed heat consumption limiter.



(8) steam transfer station are of such a station, where is the primary

the substance water vapor. For the supply of water vapor is carried out

measures to ensure that the primary substance in the place of connection of the pass-through

the station has not been wet steam.



(9) the internal distribution of heat energy and heat energy sources in the

transfer stations will be thermal insulation according to § 5.



§ 7



Regulation and control the supply of heat energy



(1) the circulation pumps are designed for nominal flow and pressure loss

the main service branches of the divorce.



(2) the circulation pumps in the transfer stations and in heating systems with

the nominal heat output of 50 kW are being equipped with automatic continuous

or at least a three-level speed control, unless a way

operation of the pumps.



(3) sources of thermal energy, which provide a central heating, residential

individual and local, is being equipped with automatic control, allowing

centrally to reduce or shut down the supply of heat energy, as well as

turn on and turn off electrical equipment to ensure the transport of heat

energy depending on the outdoor temperature or any indication.

The choice of the kind of regulatory favors a requirement of maximum heat savings

energy. The requirement does not apply to the solid fuel boiler hopper.



(4) of the appliance to the local regulations, so as to achieve the

taking into account the heat gains from solar and internal heat gains. U

groups of appliances and rooms for groups of the same type, and the type of usage in

nebytovém object is permitted a group of regulation.



(5) to ensure the economical, quiet and trouble-free operation of the entire

the heating system shall apply the appropriate technical means.



(6) in the case of a divorce the divorce of thermal energy and the internal heating and hot water

to adjust flow rates to match the projected nominal

the flows with a maximum deviation of +-15%. The adjustment of the flow rate shall be determined

measurement in the individual branches of the heating system. The measurement is performed at

putting into service, after the removal of serious operational deficiencies in the

insufficient supply or overheating of any customer or

consumer and device changes that affect the pressure conditions in the

the network, in particular when connecting new and cessation of existing customers

or consumers. The Protocol for the measurement and flow setting is permanently

saved by divorce or internal distribution.



§ 8



Thermal insulation of hot water storage tanks and expansion vessels



(1) the minimum thickness of the thermal insulation of reservoirs of hot water and

Open expansion vessels is 100 mm when using insulating material

with a coefficient of thermal conductivity lambda smaller or equal to 0.045 W/m.

(reading at a temperature of 0 degrees C). For other values of coefficients of thermal

the conductivity of the insulation thickness recalculated in order to achieve the same

or better thermal insulating properties.



(2) the minimum thickness of the thermal insulation of the passive stacks

(the accumulator) is 100 mm when using insulating material is

coefficient of heat conductivity lambda smaller or equal to 0.04 W/m.

(reading at a temperature of 0 degrees C). When the lower values for coefficients

heat conductivity of the insulation thickness recalculated in order to achieve

heat transfer coefficient U = 0.30 < W/m2. To the.



(3) in the case of long-term or seasonal thermal energy storage tanks thickness

Specifies the optimization calculation of the thermal insulation which is economically

efficient energy savings.



§ 9



Distribution of cooling agents, their thermal insulation and regulation and control

cold supply



(1) distribution and internal tubing with engineers design based on

optimization calculation of respecting the economically efficient savings

energy.



(2) the distribution and the internal tubing with the operating temperature of the cooling substance

+ 18 ° C to + 5 ° C have the insulation thickness according to § 5 para. 9 and 11.



(3) for the thermal insulation of internal wiring and cold with it

material having a thermal conductivity lambda less than or equal to

0.038 W/m K (lambda values given for 0 degrees C).



(4) the distribution and the internal tubing with the operating temperature of the cooling substance

less than + 5 ° C shall be thermal insulation with a minimum thickness of

the 1.5 times the thickness determined in accordance with § 5 para. 9 and 11.



(5) for the inner tubing diameter of less than DN 10

the thickness of the thermal insulation design shall take into account to izolačnímu logically

neřešitelnému conflict.



(6) the surfaces of the coupling head and the thermal insulation shall be suitable

continuous vapour layer to prevent penetration of moisture diffusion process

water vapour for protection of the insulation is also valid § 5 para. 2. thermal

isolation bearing on the outside surface of a metallic coating, when

operating temperatures lower than + 15 ° C on all the connections must affix the

still elastic sealant against the diffusion of humidity diffusion resistance factor

My > 7000.



(7) if it is not affixed to the outer surface of the heat insulation waterproof coating

or utěsňovaným sheet metal, the heat insulation factor

water vapour diffusion resistance my > 5000.



(8) for distribution with the operating temperature lower than + 15 ° C is

do not use the isolation. In the temperature range 0 to + 15 ° C is their use

only possible in combination with capillary-conductive fabric.



(9) when installing the pipes and dopěňování of polyurethane insulation is

follow the manufacturer's process piping.



(10) the thermal insulation shall be carried out so that no cables, scanning

water pipes, etc. If it is necessary that the insulation of the conductor walked,

a special thermal insulation bushing is properly zaizolovaná and

sealed against diffusion.



(11) the thermal insulation shall be carried out so that the pipe and heat

insulation prevent condensation of moisture from the air.



(12) the minimum thickness of thermal insulation of cold storages shall be determined

optimization calculation, which is an economically efficient savings

energy.



(13) each source of cold, or attached to it, transfer station,

to secure the efficient management of the cold and to secure

equilibrium between production and consumption of cold is dispatching equipment

automatically controlling cooling capacity depending on the need.



(14) when designing regulation of delivery method are chosen according to the cold

technical-economic calculation is the best.



(15) the source of cold to the regulation allowing centrally will reduce or

shut down the supply of cold, as well as on and off electrical

facilities for the supply of cold and regulating sources of cold, in

Depending on the indication, specifying. When choosing the type of regulation

prefers a requirement of maximum savings.



(16) in the case of divorce the cold and the internal cooling adjusts flow rates of divorce

to match the projected nominal flows with a maximum

a tolerance of +-12%. The adjustment of the flow rate of cooling of a substance shall be demonstrated by measuring


in the various branches of the system. The measurement is performed in the

the operation, after the removal of serious operational deficiencies in low

supply and equipment changes that affect the pressure conditions in the

the network, in particular when connecting new and cessation of existing customers

or consumers. The Protocol for the measurement and flow setting is permanently

saved by divorce or the internal divorce cold.



§ 10



Methods of detection of heat loss and profits in divorce

heat, cold and hot water



(1) in the operating conditions are used for the detection of heat loss

and profits in facilities for the distribution of thermal energy, cold and hot water

methods of operation.



(2) for operational methods are not strictly defined and the measurement of temperature is

dependent on the capabilities of the measuring method. The precision of the measured values, IE.

heat flow. the thermal conductivity, is worse than the 5%. Operating

methods to verify the thermal insulation properties of the particular thermal conductivity

and heat losses.



(3) the Protocol from the operational measurements shall be recorded



and) date, time and length measurement



(b)) a technical description of the measurement equipment and measuring point,



(c)) the dimensions of the measured insulation, pipe diameters, in particular the composition and thickness of the

layers,



(d)) kind of insulation material and its status,



e) operating temperature, ambient temperature, climatic conditions.



(4) methods of operation are Schmidtova, thermal and calorimetric. Description

operating methods is given in annex 4 to this notice.



(5) due to the heat flow measurement is made



and heat flow at steady), in the time period when the temperature does not change

the internal and external environment or the ambient air flow speed

(stationary method),



(b)) when an unsteady heat flow, controlled heating or

cooling, while the discovery of the time for which the other party

the isolated plate heats up or cools down. As for the laboratory methods with higher

inaccuracies and the inability to determine the mean temperature (non-stationary method).



§ 11



Regulation (EEC)



Shall be repealed:



1. Decree No. 151/2001 Coll., laying down details of the effectiveness

the use of energy in the event of divorce divorce of thermal energy and internal heat

energy.



2. Decree No. 153/2001 Coll., laying down details of destination

the effectiveness of the use of energy in transmission, distribution and internal divorce

electric energy.



§ 12



The effectiveness of the



This Decree shall enter into force on 1 January 2000. September 7, 2007.



Minister:



Ing. Roman v. r.



Annex 1



Determination of the efficiency of the use of energy for the distribution of thermal energy



And effectiveness of use) in terms of the transport of heat energy is determined by:



(B) the use of point of view) the effectiveness of heat loss is determined by:



where



PN pump nominal power [kW]

PSN power pump at lower than their rated [kW]

speed

QOD, and heat removed i-team by the sampling place [GJ]

QZD heat supplied source [GJ]

the number of fixed adjustable degrees of the speed at which [-]

the pump is powered by:

l aliquot part operational time pumps for heating [-]

the period when the pump is not working

m an aliquot portion of the operating hours of the pumps for heating [-]

the period when the pump is working with nominal

speed

n the aliquot part operational time pumps for heating [-]

the period when the pump is operating at reduced speeds;

for pumps with continuous variable speed thinking

n = 0.5



Annex 2



Guideline values for the thermal performance of uninsulated pipe per 1 m

the length of the



1 Vertical table divorce



--------------------------------------------------------------

The internal temperature of the water in the tube [° c]

Pipe calculation 90 85 80 75 70 65 60

the temperature of the thermal performance of uninsulated pipe

--------------------------------------------------------------

DN W/m ° c

--------------------------------------------------------------

10 20 45 40 35 30 30 25 20

15 20 60 50 45 40 35 30 30

20 20 70 65 60 50 45 40 35

25 20 90 80 70 65 55 50 40

32 20 110 100 90 80 70 60 55

40 20 125 115 100 90 80 70 60

50 20 150 140 120 110 100 85 75

--------------------------------------------------------------



Table 2 horizontal distribution



--------------------------------------------------------------

The internal temperature of the water in the tube [° c]

Pipe calculation 90 85 80 75 70 65 60

the temperature of the thermal performance of uninsulated pipe

DN you [° c] W/m

--------------------------------------------------------------

10 20 35 30 30 25 25 20 15

15 20 45 40 35 30 30 25 20

20 20 55 50 45 40 35 30 25

25 20 70 60 55 50 45 40 30

32 20 85 75 70 60 55 50 40

40 20 95 85 80 70 60 55 50

50 20 115 105 90 85 75 65 55

--------------------------------------------------------------



Annex 3



Determination of the coefficient of heat transfer in relation to the unit of length



where:



The heat transfer coefficient relative to the unit [W/mK]

the length of the

(D) the internal diameter of the pipe [m]

d outer pipe diameter [m]

DIZ outside diameter of insulation [m]

alfaiz coefficient of heat transfer on the surface of the insulation [W/m2K]

alfai coefficient of heat transfer on the inner side of tubes [W/m2K]

lambdaiz coefficient of thermal conductivity of thermal insulation [W/m K]

lambdatr thermal conductivity of the material of the pipe [W/mK]

the ambient air temperature [° c]

tiz thermal insulation surface temperature [° c]



Heat transfer coefficient on the inner side of the pipe is determined from the

the corresponding kriteriálních equations which respect the flow rate and

other physical quantities and on the outside of the thermal insulation is still

respects the radiant folder.



alfaiz = alfaiz, K + alfaiz, with



where:



alfaiz, the coefficient of heat transfer on the surface of the insulation of the conventions of [W/m2. K]



alfaiz, with the coefficient of heat transfer by radiation on the surface of the insulation [W/m2. K]



Specifying the values of the coefficients of heat transfer related to the drive

the length of the internal

----------------------------------------------------------------------

DN 10 to 15 20 to 32 40 to 65 80 to 125 150 up to 200

----------------------------------------------------------------------

U [W/mK] 0.15 0.18 0.27 0.34 0.40

----------------------------------------------------------------------



Specifying the values of the coefficients of heat transfer related to the drive

the length of the separation imposed in the country

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

DN 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 175 200

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

U and 0.14 0.17 0.18 0.21 0.23 0.25 0.27 0.28 0.32 0.36 0.38 0.39

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[W/mK] (B) 0.16 0.19 0.20 0.24 0.26 0.30 0.31 0.32 0.36 0.40 0.44 0.46

------------------------------------------------------------------------------



And-the fixed pipeline; B-flexible pipes and tubes double (stored next to the

yourself)



When calculating the heat transfer coefficient for distribution in the country in the stored

the relationship will replace the ratio 1/alfaiz thermal resistance of the layer 1 m adjacent

soil Rz [m2. K/W].



-loose soil and sand Rz = 1.11 m2. K/W



-the rock of Rz = 0.42 m2. K/W



-soil or rock below the surface of the bottom water Rz = 0 m2. K/W



Annex 4



Operational methods of detection of heat loss and gain in

distribution of heat and cold



1) Schmidtova method



The rubber strap is lined with serial thermocouple measuring temperature difference on

the Strip thickness 2 mm. to the waist strap is zavulkanizován 60 x 5 x 600 mm.

Passport is attached to the measured surface, through which the heat flow. The

a change in temperature at the internal and external surface of the zavulkanizovaného

tape and serial thermocouples multiplier change signaling voltage in

Depending on the size of the heat flow. After the ocejchování of the Passport is obtained

a constant Passport c. multiplying the voltage on the terminal block of the withheld of passport

We obtain the value of the measured heat flow. Due to the verification of the Passport

the heat flow driven to the pipeline shall be multiplied by a correction

by a factor of. Measurement requires a stabilized state, surface to protect against

flow of ambient air, the Passport cannot be placed on a metal surface, to

avoid side losses to the waist of the hips adds more passports and measurement

requires experience of the operator.



2) thermal imaging method



This method represents a way of measuring where the thermal

the camera picks up the surface of the isolated equipment. Thermal imaging display

surface areas allows you to record the tribe lay surface temperatures

device and any defects in the insulation, which is manifested as heat

bridges. This method does not allow verification of the thermal conductivity

thermal insulation.



Thermal imaging method is suitable for a comprehensive assessment of the actual state

thermally insulated wiring and energy device.



3) Calorimetric method



Method based on the calorimetric heat equations and enables you to provide

losses or gains in the field of divorce. The measurement shall be temperature difference

flow and flow. When you use billing meters heat


vendor and invoice totals gauges on the entry for

customers can be approximately determined the heat losses of the entire network. The measured

the difference, however, includes in addition to heat loss and any inaccuracies

measuring instruments and often this method does not give reliable results.



1) directive of the European Parliament and of the Council 2002/91/EC on energy

performance of buildings.