Ministry of science and technology on normative documents of certain decisions to be repealed or declared invalid (January 26, 2011 science and Technology Department makes 14th, announced since announced of day up purposes) to adapted new era science and technology career development of need, construction conducive to independent innovation of legal environment, according to circular of the on do regulations cleanup work about problem of notification (State sent [2010]28,) requirements, science and Technology Department on by released of regulations and normative file for has cleanup, on and other sector joint released of file sought has about sector of views.
Decided that the enterprises engaged in technology development, approval and registration of the 68 pieces of normative documents such as interim measures be repealed, of the 23 kinds of trial measures for the management of large precision instruments 28 normative documents declared invalid (see annex).
Annex: decision annulled or declared invalid by the Ministry of science and technology regulatory documents Annex: decision annulled or declared invalid by the Ministry of science and technology regulatory documents regulatory documents, decision repealing (68)
1. the interim measures for the development, approval and registration of enterprises
Dispatch Unit: the State Committee on Science and technology for industry and Commerce
Posting date: November 2, 1987
Number: (87) Guo Ke No No. 0810 fully
Description: consistent application of the company law and the administration of registration of Companies Ordinance (promulgated by Decree No. 451) requirements.
2. with regard to strengthening the interim provisions on the administration of registration of technology development companies
Dispatch Unit: the State Committee on Science and technology for industry and Commerce
Posting date: March 14, 1990
Number: (90) Guo Ke FA CE no 183th
Description: consistent application of the company law and the administration of registration of Companies Ordinance (promulgated by Decree No. 451) requirements.
3. approval and review of national natural science academic organization, filing issues interim measures
Dispatch Unit: State Science and Technology Commission
Post date: January 2, 1986
Number: (86) Guo Ke FA fully No No. 0013
Description: uniform application of the Community regulations on group registration (1998, promulgated by Decree No. 250) requirements.
4. engage in collective enterprise property rights business of science and technology intermediary qualification interim provisions of the
Dispatch Unit: State Science and Technology Commission's national State-owned assets administration
Posting date: December 6, 1996
Article number: Guo Ke FA Zheng Zi [1996]545
5. collective scientific and technological enterprise State-owned assets property rights and dispute mediation pilot rules
Dispatch Unit: State Science and Technology Commission's national State-owned assets administration
Posting date: December 7, 1996
Article number: Guo Ke FA Zheng Zi [1996]546
6. about several problems of starting a high-tech company limited in Hi-interim provisions
Dispatch Unit: State Science and Technology Commission national economic system reform Committee
Posting date: November 19, 1992
Number: (92) Guo Ke FA to change the word, No. 796
Description: uniform application of the provisions of the company law.
7. in national high-tech industrial development zone was founded on high technology limited company of some description of the interim provisions on several issues
Dispatch Unit: State Science and Technology Commission national economic system reform Committee
Posting date: March 19, 1993
Number: (93) Guo Ke FA to change the word, 198th
Description: uniform application of the provisions of the company law.
8. technology development technical and economic research institutions owned by interim measures for the contract responsibility system
Dispatch Unit: State Science and Technology Commission Ministry of Finance State administration of taxation
Posting date: August 15, 1992
Number: (1992), Guo Ke FA to change the word, No. 545
9. technical development technical and economic research institutions owned by contract responsibility system, detailed rules for the implementation of the interim measures
Dispatch Unit: State Science and Technology Commission Ministry of Treasury
Posting date: December 4, 1993
Number: (1993), Guo Ke FA to change the word No. 676
10. with regard to shunting personnel, adjust structure, deepen reform of the science and technology number of observations
Dispatch Unit: State Science and Technology Commission national economic system reform Committee
Posting date: August 27, 1992
Number: (92) Guo Ke FA to change the word, No. 567
11. with regard to the transfer of surplus personnel of scientific research institutions to rehouse in their
Dispatch Unit: Ministry of science and Technology Department of Ministry of labor and social security
Post date: July 6, 2001
Article number: Guo Ke FA Zheng Zi [2001]230
12. with regard to reporting on non-education system notice overseas returnee research funding issues
Dispatch Unit: State Science and Technology Commission
Posting date: February 20, 1987
Number: (87) Guo Ke FA did no No. 0111
13. the interim provisions on the scientists worked abroad for a number of issues
Dispatch Unit: State Science and Technology Commission
Post date: July 17, 1992
Number: (92) Guo Ke FA to change the word, No. 487
14. several provisions on the establishment of professional groups, subject groups
Dispatch Unit: State Science and Technology Commission
Posting date: December 14, 1979
Number: (79) Guo Ke FA JI Zi No. 752
15. interim measures for import of technology review
Dispatch Unit: National Science and Technology Council Committee on import and export
Posting date: December 23, 1981
Number: (81), Guo Ke FA JI Zi No. 809
Note: has been prohibited or restricted from import management of technology (Ministry of Commerce, Ministry of science and technology 2009 1th) and China list of prohibited or restricted from import technology (Ministry of Commerce, Ministry of science and technology 2007 7th) instead.
16. with regard to foreign exhibitions, fairs and science and technology review performance technology confidentiality notice
Dispatch Unit: Office of the national science and technology secrecy
Posting date: December 5, 1988
Number: (88) National Science secret word No. 005
Note: has been of the international scientific and technological communication confidentiality reminder system (State security [2002]7), of the science and technology secrecy (State Science and Technology Commission, the State secrecy Bureau, 20th), the State secret of interim measures for the management of technical projects (1998 Guo Ke [1998]003) instead.
17. interim measures for the 863 Program Award
Dispatch Unit: State Science and Technology Commission
Posting date: December 15, 1988
Number: (88) Guo Ke FA new Word, No. 823
Note: the uniform application of the regulation on national awards for science and technology (State Council Decree No. 396) and the implementing rules of the regulation on national awards for science and technology (Ministry of science and technology, 1th, 9th, 13th) requirements.
18. the "863 Program" interim provisions on the management of scientific and technological achievements
Dispatch Unit: State Science and Technology Commission
Posting date: November 14, 1989
Number: (89) Guo Ke FA No. 655
Note: has been on strengthening of the provisional regulations on the management of national science and technology plan (Guo Ke FA JI Zi [2003]196) instead.
19.863 Program Specialist (CTRs) selection of general principles and procedures
Dispatch Unit: State Science and Technology Commission
Posting date: February 13, 1991
Number: (91) Guo Ke FA high no 105th
20. the State Science and Technology Commission high-tech expert assessment approach (revision)
Dispatch Unit: State Science and Technology Commission
Posting date: February 27, 1991
Number: (91) Guo Ke FA high no 136th
21. the sector participated in the 863 program implementation of opinion (for trial implementation)
Dispatch Unit: State Science and Technology Commission
Posting date: January 14, 1992
Number: (92) Guo Ke FA high No No. 031
22. the national scientific and technological achievements promotion program annual project review options to implement measures for the determination
Dispatch Unit: State Science and Technology Commission
Posting date: September 26, 1994
Article number: Guo Ke FA JI Zi [1994]238
23. technology development loan project management interim provisions
Dispatch Unit: State Science and Technology Commission
Posting date: September 21, 1995
Article number: Guo Ke FA JI Zi [1995]368
24. with regard to implementation of the "spark program" interim provisions of the
Dispatch Unit: State Science and Technology Commission
Posting date: June 10, 1986
Number: (86) Guo Ke FA fully No No. 0390
Note: has been the spark program regulations (Guo Ke FA farming [2002]1) instead.
25. the program management procedures (trial implementation)
Dispatch Unit: State Science and Technology Commission
Posting date: April 19, 1996
Article number: Guo Ke FA JI Zi [1996]165
Note: has been the spark program regulations (Guo Ke FA farming [2002]1) instead.
26. the establishment of technology assessment agencies should have the basic conditions
Dispatch Unit: State Science and Technology Commission
Posting date: February 20, 1998
Article number: Guo Ke FA JI Zi [1998]052
27. the interim measures on the management of science and technology assessment
Dispatch Unit: Ministry of science and technology
Posting date: December 28, 2000
Article number: Guo Ke FA JI Zi [2000]588
28. Science and technology assessment, tendering and bidding qualification interim measures
Dispatch Unit: Ministry of science and technology
Posting date: January 4, 2001
Article number: Guo Ke FA JI Zi [2001]4
29. with regard to notification of journals of natural science examination and approval procedures
Dispatch Unit: State Science and Technology Commission
Posting date: August 24, 1982
Number: (82) National Science no 148th spring
Description: uniform application of the relevant provisions of the press and publication Department.
30. the publications of the national scientific and technological information interim measures
Dispatch Unit: State Science and Technology Commission
Posting date: September 10, 1985
Number: (85) heat No. 893
Description: uniform application of the relevant provisions of the press and publication Department.
31. National 863 plan implementing rules for the financial management of the science and Technology Committee (for trial implementation)
Dispatch Unit: State Science and Technology Commission
Posting date: August 31, 1987
Number: (87) No No. 0627 springs
Note: has been the national high technology research and development program (863 Program) management of special funds (money to teach [2006]163) instead.
32. the State Science and Technology Commission on the "863" plan free foreign exchange using the interim provisions of the
Dispatch Unit: State Science and Technology Commission
Posting date: February 6, 1990
Number: (90) fortune no No. 065
33. the "863" plan non-trade foreign exchange quota management procedures (trial implementation)
Dispatch Unit: State Science and Technology Commission
Post date: July 16, 1990
Number: (90) Fortune No. 501
34. Science and technology periodical reading method
Dispatch Unit: State Science and Technology Commission
Posting date: May 5, 1992
Number: (92) heat No. 304
Description: uniform application of the relevant provisions of the press and publication Department.
35. the interim measures for the management of national natural science funds Commission income
Dispatch Unit: State Science and Technology Commission of the Ministry of finance
Posting date: September 24, 1992
Number: (92), fortune, No. 661
36. the national science and Technology Commission, the "863" plan interim provisions governing the management of State-owned assets (for trial implementation)
Dispatch Unit: State Science and Technology Commission
Posting date: March 12, 1993
Number: (93) national fortune no 132th
Description: was the 2006 national high technology research and development program (863 Program) management of special funds (money to teach [2006]163) instead.
37. the authors, reviewers, editors of periodicals of science and technology policies
Dispatch Unit: State Science and Technology Commission
Posting date: August 2, 1994
Article number: National Science letters [1994]149
Description: uniform application of the relevant provisions of the press and publication Department.
38. with regard to implementation of ban FA [1999]30 document, notification of adjusting the structure of sci-tech journals
Dispatch Unit: Ministry of science and technology
Posting date: December 22, 1999
Article number: Fortune [1999]614
Description: uniform application of the relevant provisions of the press and publication Department.
39. with regard to serious financial and economic discipline, strengthen the management of funds for science and technology to inform
Dispatch Unit: State Science and Technology Commission
Posting date: August 18, 1993
Number: (93) National Science getting rich, No. 441
Description: new financial management requirements are reflected in the various project management approach.
40. the implementation measures for the demonstration project of the computer integrated manufacturing system
Dispatch Unit: State Science and Technology Commission
Posting date: May 27, 1997
Article number: Guo Ke FA high [1997]250
41. productivity promotion center management
Dispatch Unit: Ministry of science and technology
Posting date: December 15, 2003
Article number: Guo Ke FA high [2003]433
Description: provincial productivity identified and managed by the provincial science and Technology Department, State-level model productivity promotion center of cognizance and management application of the recognition and regulation of State-level demonstration productivity centers (Guo Ke FA high [2007]403) and the performance evaluation of State-level demonstration productivity Centers work rules (national science high [2007]75 number).
42. cooperation-EU Galileo project specific interim measures for internal management
Dispatch Unit: new technology development and industrialization, Ministry of science and Technology Division
Posting date: September 22, 2005
Article number: National Science high letter [2005]57
Description: cooperation has been the Central European Galileo program specific interim measures for internal management (revised edition) (national science high letter [, 2005]62) instead.
43. the interim measures for the management of key laboratory operation subsidy
Dispatch Unit: State Science and Technology Commission
Posting date: December 6, 1989
Number: (89) Guo Ke FA high No No. 700
Description: national key laboratory of running allowance is adjusted to the national (priority) laboratory guiding funding, the use of State Key Laboratory construction and management in accordance with the rules (Guo Ke FA base [2008]539) and the State Key Laboratory of management of special funds (money to teach [2008]531).
44. the rules for the open laboratory management approach and review the NT
Dispatch Unit: State Science and Technology Commission
Posting date: August 8, 1991
Number: (91) Guo Ke FA high No No. 565
Description: national key laboratory of running allowance is adjusted to the national (priority) laboratory guiding funding, the use of State Key Laboratory construction and management in accordance with the rules (Guo Ke FA base [2008]539) and the State Key Laboratory of management of special funds (money to teach [2008]531).
45. the introduction of crop varieties resources of foreign exchange and foreign interim measures
Dispatch Unit: CONACYT State Board of agriculture
Posting date: April 12, 1980
Number: (80) Guo Ke FA Si no No. 366
Description: seeds of consistent application of the provisions of the Act and other laws and regulations.
46. in counties (cities), implementing rules for the acceptance of science and technology (for trial implementation)
Dispatch Unit: reform of the State Science and Technology Commission Secretary
Posting date: April 6, 1992
Number: (92) section to change the word, No. 018
Note: has been the science and technology Hui (City) special regulations (Guo Ke Zi [2007]476) instead.
47. with regard to technical task force carried out several opinions grass-roots pilot entrepreneurial action
Dispatch Unit: Ministry of science and technology personnel
Posting date: December 31, 2004
Article number: Guo Ke FA Zheng Zi [2004]542
Note: has been the in-depth technical task force on rural science and technology views of action (Guo Ke [2009]242) instead.
48. the non-clinical research and the quality control of medicines (for trial implementation) Implementation Guide (for trial implementation)
Dispatch Unit: State Science and Technology Commission
Posting date: August 6, 1996
Article number: Guo Ke Zi [1996]342
49. the non-clinical research and the quality control of medicines (for trial implementation) implementation of acceptance inspection Guide (for trial implementation)
Dispatch Unit: State Science and Technology Commission
Posting date: August 6, 1996
Article number: Guo Ke Zi [1996]342
50. in the performance of the United Nations Framework Convention on climate change outreach activities implemented jointly under the pilot phase project of interim measures
Dispatch Unit: Minister for Foreign Affairs of the State Science and Technology Committee, China Meteorological Administration
Posting date: September 29, 1997
Article number: Guo Ke Zi [1997]473
51. the SARS virus research laboratory interim measures
Dispatch Unit: Science and Technology Department of Ministry of health, the State food and drug administration, State environmental protection administration
Posting date: May 7, 2003
Article number: Guo Ke FA farming [2003]129
Description: consistent application of the pathogenic microbiological laboratory biosafety management regulation (State Council Decree No. 424) requirements.
52. the virus of SARS virus to save, use and animal model of interim measures
Dispatch Unit: Science and Technology Department of Ministry of health, the State food and drug administration, State environmental protection administration
Posting date: May 7, 2003
Article number: Guo Ke FA farming [2003]129
Description: consistent application of the pathogenic microbiological laboratory biosafety management regulation (State Council Decree No. 424) requirements.
53. with respect to further strengthening of atypical pneumonia the safety management of emergency notice
Dispatch Unit: Ministry of science and technology
Issued: June 6, 2003
Article number: Guo Ke FA farming [2003]175
Description: consistent application of the pathogenic microbiological laboratory biosafety management regulation (State Council Decree No. 424) requirements.
54. with regard to biosafety level three laboratory construction and management in matters relating to notification
Dispatch Unit: Ministry of science and technology
Posting date: June 27, 2003
Article number: Guo Ke FA farming [2003]212
Description: consistent application of the pathogenic microbiological laboratory biosafety management regulation (State Council Decree No. 424) requirements.
55. "the description of several provisions of the regulations of the invention Award" and the Declaration of the invention of writing format
Dispatch Unit: State Science and Technology Commission
Posting date: January 26, 1983
Number: (83) tubes made by Guo Ke No No. 044
Note: the uniform application of the regulation on national awards for science and technology (State Council Decree No. 396), the implementing rules of the regulation on national awards for science and technology (Ministry of science and technology, 1th, 9th, 13th) requirements.
56. with regard to improving national invention Award and approval notification of
Dispatch Unit: State Science and Technology Commission
Posting date: February 17, 1986
Number: (1986), national science award No. 0086
Note: the uniform application of the regulation on national awards for science and technology (State Council Decree No. 396), the implementing rules of the regulation on national awards for science and technology (Ministry of science and technology, 1th, 9th, 13th) requirements.
57. the provisional regulations on the national science and technology progress Award for science and technology book reviews
Dispatch Unit: State Science and Technology Commission
Posting date: April 16, 1997
Article number: National Science Prize [1997]162
58. supplementary requirements for featured and assessment of national science and technology awards
Dispatch Unit: State Science and Technology Commission
Posting date: August 1, 1997
Article number: National Science Prize [1997]353
Note: has been implementing rules of the regulation on national awards for science and technology (Ministry of science and technology, 1th, 9th, 13th) instead.
59. the interim provisions on national awards for science and technology achievement promotion project
Dispatch Unit: State Science and Technology Commission
Posting date: February 10, 1998
Article number: National Science Prize [1998]033
60. the provisions on the management of scientific and technological research results
Dispatch Unit: State Science and Technology Commission
Posting date: February 22, 1984
Number: (84) tubes made by Guo Ke no 141th
61. People's Republic of China National Science and Technology Council with the Soviet Union and East European countries of mutual transfer of scientific and technological achievements management procedures (trial implementation)
Dispatch Unit: State Science and Technology Commission
Posting date: June 18, 1988
Number: (88) Guo Ke FA No. 330
62. on pharmaceuticals, medical devices, food and beverage, cosmetic science and technology achievement appraisal of supplementary regulations
Dispatch Unit: State Science and Technology Commission
Posting date: January 9, 1990
Number: (90) Guo Ke FA No. 024
Note: has been the science and technology achievement appraisal policy (State Science and Technology Commission, 19th) instead.
63. several provisions of the statistical work on the technology market
Dispatch Unit: the State Committee on Science and technology statistics
Posting date: June 15, 1986
Number: (86) Guo Ke FA No. 0503
Note: has been provided for in the technical market statistics (Guo Ke Zi [1990]092) instead.
64. the State Committee on Science and technology torch award procedures (trial implementation)
Dispatch Unit: State Science and Technology Commission
Posting date: December 20, 1995
Article number: angry words [1995]507
65. the torch plan of measures for the statistical administration
Dispatch Unit: the State torch Program Office of the national science and Technology Committee of the science and Technology Committee comprehensive planning Division
Posting date: January 11, 1996
Article number: State Fire [1996]02
Note: has been the torch plan of administrative measures on statistics (national science angry words [2003]30) instead.
66. the national high-tech products list
Dispatch Unit: State Science and Technology Commission
Posting date: August 4, 1997
Article number: angry words [1997]357
Note: has been the China high-tech product catalog 2006 (Guo Ke FA JI Zi [2006]370) instead.
67. with regard to national development zones for foreign high-tech enterprises that work related to the implementation of the notice required under
Dispatch Unit: Torch Center Ministry of science and technology
Posting date: November 3, 2000
Article number: State Fire [2000]120
Description: high-tech enterprise management and consistent application of the policy (national combustion [2008]172) regulations.
68. the administrative measures for high-tech innovation Service Center
Dispatch Unit: Ministry of science and technology
Posting date: January 13, 2005
Article number: angry words [2005]15
Note: has been the determination and regulation of technology business incubator (Guo Ke FA high [2010]680) instead.
Second, decided to declare the failure of regulatory documents (28)
1. the 23 kinds of trial measures for the management of large precision instruments
Dispatch Unit: State Science and Technology Commission
Posting date: October 5, 1979
Document number: (79) National Science Springs no No. 578
2. launch notification of important technical standards special program for corporate pilot
Dispatch Unit: Ministry of science and technology, State administration of quality supervision, inspection and quarantine
Posting date: August 16, 2004
Article number: Guo Ke FA JI Zi [2004]260
3. the provisions on publications of the science and technology information policy subsidy
Dispatch Unit: State Science and Technology Commission
Post date: July 7, 1980
Number: (80) Guo Ke FA inquiry No No. 482
4. the provisions on publications of the scientific and technical information public offering (trial draft)
Dispatch Unit: State Science and Technology Commission
Posting date: May 26, 1980
Number: (80) Guo Ke FA inquiry No No. 396
5. new equipment export working pilot scheme
Dispatch Unit: State Science and Technology Commission
Posting date: January 31, 1981
Number: (81) the word Guo Ke FA No. 040
6. the national scientific and technological information work
Dispatch Unit: State Science and Technology Commission
Posting date: April 30, 1984
Number: (84) heat No. 340
7. National Science Project loan interim measures for the management of
Dispatch Unit: State Science and Technology Commission
Posting date: September 22, 1986
Number: (86) clockwork No. 0658
8. the provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) analysis and test center evaluation approaches
Dispatch Unit: State Science and Technology Commission
Posting date: November 27, 1987
Number: (87) No No. 0842 springs
9. the provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) Centre assessment methods
Dispatch Unit: State Science and Technology Commission
Posting date: November 27, 1987
Number: (87) No No. 0850 springs
10. military technology to civilian technology development loan project management procedures (trial implementation)
Dispatch Unit: State Science and Technology Commission
Posting date: June 7, 1989
Number: (89) Guo Ke FA No. 301
11. with regard to access to research units of large and medium industrial enterprises operating expenses for scientific management approach
Dispatch Unit: State Science and Technology Commission
Posting date: May 18, 1989
Number: (89) No No. 263 national science getting rich
12. National Science and Technology Commission, the "863" plan distribution materials management interim provisions
Dispatch Unit: State Science and Technology Commission
Posting date: December 11, 1989
Number: (89) National Science getting rich, No. 714
13. technology development loan project management procedures (trial implementation)
Dispatch Unit: State Science and Technology Commission ICBC
Posting date: April 21, 1990
Number: (90) fortune no No. 289
14. with regard to the difference between budget management type of technology development and scientific research units to pay "two funds" mechanism for notifications
Dispatch Unit: State Science and Technology Commission of the Ministry of finance
Posting date: December 13, 1989
Article number: [1989] fortune no No. 723
15. the experimental distribution of State Science and Technology Commission of scientific materials management interim provisions
Dispatch Unit: State Science and Technology Commission
Posting date: June 14, 1990
Number: (90) fortune, No. 433
16. the accounting procedures
Dispatch Unit: State Science and Technology Commission
Posting date: May 15, 1993
Document number: (93) National Science getting rich, No. 275
17. working capital management
Dispatch Unit: State Science and Technology Commission of the Ministry of finance
Post date: July 18, 1996
Article number: Fortune [1996]320
18. Manufacturing Informatization technology project "dump drawings", "rejection statement" demonstration enterprise of assessment guidance
Dispatch Unit: Department of Ministry of science and technology and high-tech industrialization
Posting date: October 23, 2008
Article number: National Science high [2008]229
19. the national key basic research project planning and setting up interim measures
Dispatch Unit: State Science and Technology Commission
Post date: July 22, 1991
Number: (91) Guo Ke FA high No No. 521
20. the interim measures for the management of national key basic research projects
Dispatch Unit: State Science and Technology Commission
Post date: July 31, 1991
Number: (91) Guo Ke FA high No No. 537
21. the climb plan interim measures for financial management
Dispatch Unit: State Science and Technology Commission
Posting date: March 3, 1993
Number: (93) Guo Ke FA high no 110th
22. the national key basic research project planning and the supplementary provisions of the interim measures for the project
Dispatch Unit: State Science and Technology Commission
Posting date: June 10, 1993
Number: (93) Guo Ke FA high No No. 342
23. the State major science and technology projects "functional genomics and biochips" implementing rules for the management of
Dispatch Unit: Ministry of science and technology in rural areas and Social Development Division
Posting date: June 18, 2003
Article number: State Farm letter (2003), 57th
24. the instruments of arbitration of technology contracts
Dispatch Unit: the State Commission on Science and Technology Commission of arbitration of technology contracts
Posting date: June 19, 1992
Number: (92) branch of Jones Lang LaSalle, No. 001
25. notice for arbitration of technology contracts cases
Dispatch Unit: the State Commission on Science and Technology Commission of arbitration of technology contracts
Posting date: March 20, 1993
Number: (93) national science secondary No No. 006
26. the torch plan logo using a management approach
Dispatch Unit: Office of national torch plan of science and Technology Committee
Posting date: December 17, 1996
Article number: State Fire [1996]110
27. interim measures for broker qualification
Dispatch Unit: State Science and Technology Commission
Posting date: September 11, 1997
Article number: Guo Ke Zi [1997]433
28. notice on strengthening management of technology trade fair
Dispatch Unit: State Science and Technology Commission
Posting date: April 24, 1997 Article number: Guo Ke Zi [1997]193
