Key Benefits:
DECREE NO 6,678, DE December 8, 2008.
Approves the VII Setorial Plan for the Features of the Mar.
THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC, in the use of the attribution conferring you the art. 84, incisos IV and VI, point?a?, of the Constitution, and in view of the provisions of Law no 8,617, of January 4, 1993,
DECRETA:
Art. 1o It is approved the VII Setorial Plan for the Resources of the Sea, which to this accompanies, setting the guidelines and priorities for the sector in the period from 2008 a to 2011.
Art. 2o This Decree goes into effect on the date of its publication.
Art. 3o Revoga-if Decree no 5,382, of March 3, 2005.
Brasilia, December 8, 2008 ; 187o of Independence and 120the of the Republic.
LUIZ INACIO LULA DA SILVA
Nelson Jobim
Ruy Nunes Pinto Nogueira
Fernando Hadad
Edison Loban
Sergio Machado Rezende
Carlos Minc
VII SETORIAL PLAN FOR SEA RESOURCES
1. INTRODUCTORY
Brazil has one of the most extensive littoral in the world, in which it concentrates the largest share of the population of the Country and important socio-economic activities, such as: fisheries and equities, maritime trade, tourism, as well as the exploration of gas and oil, all subject to influences of natural phenomena related to the sea.
The National Policy for the Resources of the Sea (PNRM) has as its objectives: to promote the formation of human resources ; to stimulate the development of marine research, science and technology and to encourage the exploitation and sustainable exploitation of seabed resources, from waters overlooking the sea bed, sea bed and its subsoil and areas adjacent coastal.
Considering the objectives and principles of PNRM, the focus of the various Setorial Plans for the Resources of the Sea (PSRM), over the course of the previous six versions, has been focused on the generation of knowledge about the marine environment and human resource formation, objecting to support for the sustainable use of sea resources by the distinguished segments of Brazilian society.
In the perspective of establishing a synergistic set of actions between the current demands and the potentials for the sustainable use of sea resources, the geographic comprehension of the VII PSRM comprises the Coastal Zone, the Exclusive Economic Zone and the Brazilian Continental Platform, including its berth and its subsoil, as well as other areas maritime of Brazilian interest. With regard to thematic comprehension, the VII PSRM focuses on the sustainable use of living, non-living and oceanographic and climatological monitoring, broadening the government's acting horizon for maritime spaces beyond the limits of the national jurisdiction
2. OBJECTIVES
In light of the objectives of PNRM have been elaborated on the following specific objectives of the VII Setorial Plan for the Resources of the Sea:
the defence of Brazil's political-strategic interests at sea, within the national framework and international ;
the promotion of socio-economic development from the sustainable use of these resources ;
the rescue of the culture of traditional populations and the spread of maritime mindset in Brazilian society ;
the guarantee of the quality of the marine environment ;
the reduction of vulnerability and risks arising from extreme events and the variability of the climate and climate change ;
strengthening the value chain for the sea, represented by generation of knowledge, development of technologies and innovation in products and services ;
the increment of strategic partnerships with the disaster control bodies at the national level, state and municipal, aiming at the reduction of vulnerability and risks arising from extreme events ; and
the increment of strategic partnerships aiming at the enhancement of the instruments that can contribute to regional development in the coastal area, in articulation with the National Regional Development Policy.
The deployment of the plan will be substantiated in the execution of shares, articulated within the Commissi Interministerial for the Resources of the Sea (CIRM), by means of its Registry and, specifically, Subsecretaria to PSRM. The actions will be implemented by the State's Ministries and sector bodies, so as to ensure the effective incorporation of sustainable use of marine resources and in a perspective of environmental and economic sustainability with equity and justice social.
Vigora in the context of drafting this VII PSRM, the recognition of strategic relevance, psychosocial, environmental and economic of coastal and marine spaces and the need for that plan to be progressively integrated into other segments of the government, seeking to build a vision of the future for the Country.
3. VALIDITY
The VII PSRM will be vigorous from 2008 a to 2011.
4. COMPREHENSION
PNRM, since 1980, lays out as principles:
observance of the political and strategic directions of the Presidency of the Republic
harmonisation with the other national policies and the multiannual plan ;
the definition of priorities for the programmes and actions, as provided for in the multiannual plan and, also, depending on their contribution to the defence of national interests and the sustainable development of the Country ;
decentralized and participatory implementation, encouraging the partnerships of the Union, States, Municipalities, the private sector and the society ;
the adoption of the precautionary principle in the exploitation and sustainable exploitation of the resources of the sea ;
the protection of biodiversity and existing genetic heritage in the marine areas under jurisdiction national and adjacent coastal zone ;
the observance of international commitments made by the Brazilian government.-
Considering these principles, the comprehension of the VII PSRM will contemplate the Coastal Zone, the Sea Territorial, the Exclusive Economic Zone, the Brazilian Continental Platform and the international maritime spaces.
Antecedents
The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (CNUDM) has been in force since November 1994 and constitutes in the largest normative endeavour within the United Nations, establishing the international regime on all maritime and oceanic spaces, with the corresponding establishment of rights and duties of the States. Law no 8,617, of January 4, 1993, has on the Territorial Sea, the Contiguous Zone, the Exclusive Economic Zone and the Brazilian Continental Platform, setting the boundaries of Brazilian maritime spaces in light of the CNUDM.
The Brazilian Territorial Sea (MT) comprises a range of twelve nautical miles wide, measured to from the baselines, as indicated in the large-scale nautical letters, officially recognized by Brazil. Brazil's sovereignty extends to the MT, the overjacketed airspace, as well as its berth and subsoil. In the meantime, it is recognized for vessels of all nationalities the right of innocent passage in the Brazilian territorial sea.
The Brazilian Exclusive Economic Zone (ZEE) comprises a range spans from the twelve to the two hundred nautical miles, counted from the baselines that serve to measure the width of the MT. In ZEE, Brazil has sovereignty rights for the purposes of exploitation and exploitation, conservation and management of natural, living or non-living resources, of the waters overlapd to the sea bed, the sea bed and its subsoil, and as far as others are concerned activities with views on the exploration and exploitation of the zone for
The Brazilian Continental Shelf (PC) comprises the berth and the subsoil of the underwater areas that if extend beyond your MT, in the entire extension of the natural extension of your land territory, up to the exterior edge of the continental margin, or up to a distance of two hundred nautical miles from the baselines, from which the width of the MT, in cases where the exterior edge of the continental margin does not reach that distance. Brazil exercises sovereignty rights over the PC, for the purpose of exploitation and exploitation of its natural resources, understood as the mineral resources and other non-living resources of the sea bed and subsoil, as well as living organisms belonging to bentonic species, that is, to those that in the catch period are real estate in the sea bed or in its subsoil, or that can only move in constant physical contact with that bed or subsoil. The exterior limit of the PC exceeding the two hundred nautical miles will be fixed in accordance with the criteria set out in art. 76 of CNUDM.
The definition of the PC's outer limit will be a legacy of fundamental importance for the future of next generations of Brazilians, who will see increased possibilities for discovery of new oil fields and the sustainable exploitation of marine biodiversity resources-which current science recognizes as one of the most promising fields of the development of biotechnology-as well as the exploitation of mineral resources at great depths, not yet economically viable.
The maritime spaces under Brazilian jurisdiction are in an immense maritime region, equivalent to more than fifty percent of the land territory of Brazil or, still comparing the dimensions, to a new Amazon. For their wealth and vastness this area has been called the Blue Amazon.
Even though outside of the national jurisdiction, the?Area? -defined by CNUDM as the sea bed and its subsoil beyond the limits of the national jurisdictions-presents additional possibility of harnessing geological and biological diversity. The issue of conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity, in addition to national jurisdiction, poses in two perspectives: the provisions of the CNUDM related to living resources, including with regard to the freedom of fishing in the high seas and to regional fishing planning schemes ; and the discussions around the regime to be applied to biodiversity associated with marine funds beyond national jurisdictions, including genetic resource.
In addition to the defined maritime spaces, the Coastal Zone (ZC) is the geographical space of air interaction, of the sea and of the land, including its renewable resources or not, in a maritime strip spans twelve nautical miles, comprising the entirety of the Territorial Sea and a strip of the continent formed by the municipalities that suffer direct influence of the occurrences occurring in that region.
Studies of oceanic processes and large-scale phenomena, whose activities transcend the Brazilian jurisdictional limits, involve international cooperation, propiciating the progressive widening of the lines of fostering large-scale projects, developed in the South Atlantic and Tropical.
Thus, this plan also aims to collaborate on the national implementation of agreements and too much international legal instruments concerning the programmes in it, as well as the fulfillment of the interests of the Country, in meeting commitments made with the international bodies in which Brazil is a part, in particular in those involving regional cooperations within the framework of Mercosur and with countries of Atlantic Africa.
5. BASE LEGAL
In addition to the National Policy for the Resources of the Sea, the VII PSRM is conditioned and is in line with the international acts that Brazil is a part of, which define the global legal frame and balize the actions each country should develop in order to achieve the common goal of sustainable use of seabed resources, namely:
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (CNUDM) ;
Agreement on the Implementation of Part XI of the CNUDM ;
Agenda 21, adopted at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (CNUMAD) ;
Convention on Biological Diversity ;
FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries and international plans for action correports ;
Agreement for the Implementation of the provisions of the CNUDM on Conservation and Planning of Populations of Transzonal Fish and the Populations of Highly Migratory Fish ;
Convention Relative to the Wet Areas of International Importance, Especially as Hábitat de Aves Water (Ramsar Convention) ;
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ;
Convention of the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Atum (ICCAT).
The VII PSRM is conditioned, yet, by the national legislation, as the Federal Constitution itself 1988, which considers the Territorial Sea, the resources of the Exclusive Economic Zone and the Continental Platform as Union goods. The following legal instruments are also relevant:
Lei no 10. 683 of May 28, 2003, which has on the structure of the Executive Power and assigns skills for the management and sustainable use of seabed resources, among other skills ;
Law no 9,985, of July 18, 2000, establishing the National System of Units Nature Conservation and gives other arrangements ;
Law no 9,966 of April 28, 2000, which provides for the prevention, control and surveillance of pollution caused by launching oil and other harmful substances or dangerous in waters under national jurisdiction and gives other arrangements ;
Law no 9,636 of May 15, 1998, which has on the regularization, administration, the forging and disposal of immovable property of Union domain ;
Law no 9,605 of February 12, 1998, which has on criminal penalties and administration derived from conduits and harmful activities to the environment-Environmental Crimes Act ;
Law no 9,537 of December 11, 1997, which has on the Safety of Traffic Aquaviary in Waters under National Jurisdiction (Lesta) ;
Law no 9,478 of August 6, 1997, which has on the national energy policy and the activities concerning the oil monopoly ;
Law no 9,433 of January 8, 1997 establishing the National Resource Policy Water and creates the National System of Water Resource Management ;
Law no 8,617, of January 4, 1993, which has on the Territorial Sea, the Zone Contiguous, the Exclusive Economic Zone and the Brazilian Continental Platform ;
Law no 7,661, of May 16, 1988, establishing the National Management Plan Coastal ;
Law no 6,938 of August 31, 1981, which has had on the National Policy of the Middle Environment, its purposes and mechanisms of formulation and application ;
Decree no 6,065 of March 21, 2007, which regulates the Coordination Commission of the Weather activities, Climatology and Hydrology (CMCH) ;
Decree no 6,047, of February 22, 2007, which approves the National Policy of Regional Development (PNDR) ;
Decree no 6,041, of February 8, 2007, establishing the Development Policy of the Biotechnology ;
Decree no 5,758, of April 13, 2006, establishing the National Strategic Plan of Protected Areas ;
Decree no 5,377, of February 23, 2005, which approves the National Policy for the Resources of the Sea (PNRM) ;
Decree no 5,376 of February 17, 2005, which has had on the National System of Civil Defense and the National Council of Civil Defence ;
Decree no 5,092 of May 21, 2004, which sets rules for identification of areas priority for conservation, sustainable use and apportionment of the benefits of biodiversity within the remit of the Ministry of the Environment.
Decree no 4,895 of November 25, 2003, which has on the authorization of use of physical spaces of Union water bodies, for the purposes of equal beekeeping ;
Decree no 4,703 of May 21, 2003, which has had on the National Programme of the Biological Diversity (Pronabio) and the National Commission on Biodiversity ;
Decree no 4,136 of February 20, 2002, which has on the specification of sanctions applicable to infractions to the rules for the prevention, control and surveillance of pollution caused by oil and other harmful or hazardous substances in waters under national jurisdiction, provided for in Law no 9,966, April 28, 2000 ;
Decree no 3,939 of September 26, 2001, which it has on CIRM ;
Decree no 1,265, of October 11, 1994, which approves the National Maritime Policy ;
Decree of January 5, 1994, which assigns functions to be exercised by the Navy Command and the Ministry of Science and Technology at the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (Unesco) ;
Decree no 96,000 of May 2, 1988 laying down the standards for the realization of research and scientific research at the Continental Platform and in waters under Brazilian jurisdiction ;
Decree-Law no 221 of February 28, 1967, establishing the Code of Fisheries ;
Decree-Law no 227 of February 28, 1967 establishing the Code of Mining ;
Resolution no 1/97/CIRM, of April 30, 1997, which approves the System Pilot Program Global Observation of the Oceans / Brazil (GOOS/Brazil) and the National Bodias Program (PNBOIA), which is an integral part ;
Resolution no 4/97/CIRM of December 3, 1997, which approves the Evaluation Program of Mineral Potentiality of the Brazilian Legal Continental Platform (Remplac) ;
Resolution no 1/96/CIRM of December 11, 1996, which approves the Archipelago Program of St Peter and São Paulo ;
Resolution no 3/94/CIRM of July 22, 1994, which approves the Evaluation Program of the Sustainable Resource Potential in the Exclusive Economic Zone (Revizee) ;
Portaria no 1A, of March 15, 1984, of CIRM, which creates the Subcommittee for PSRM.
6. RESOURCES OF THE SEA
As per PNRM, sea resources are all living and non-living resources that occur in the waters jurisdictional and on the Brazilian continental shelf, understood as the waters overjacked to the sea bed, the sea bed and its subsoil, under national jurisdiction, as well as in the adjacent marine areas, the exploitation and conservation of which are relevant under the economic, social, cultural and environmental points of view.
In PSRM these PNRM concepts are magnified to address not only resources, but processes associated with the exploitation of these resources, with the use of the concepts Biodiversity and Geodiversity.
Historically, the dynamics of resource use mainly articulate the trade activities marine, fisheries and oil and gas exploration and production.
Recently, other activities are in expansion, such as: Mariculture in the Coastal Zone, and fishing up to the limit of ZEE and, in some cases, even in international waters. Activities related to tourism and leisure are already present in some regions.
Other uses of the sea resources are still potential in the Country, such as mineral exploration in shallow and deep water and the use of the biotechnological potential derived from the knowledge of biodiversity, as well as protected areas in its various categories of manejo that meet both the sustainable use of biodiversity and the conservation of coastal and marine ecosystems.
The year 2007 has unveiled a number of extreme events, as recently published data by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), which record abnormally intense rainfall in the coastal region of South America, in particular on the southern border of the Country. Although part of the national scientific community asserts that extreme weather conditions tend to worsen, as it gains more strength the greenhouse effect, it is still not possible to predict, with accuracy and in such a way as to subsidize the activities of exploitation of the resources of the sea, as will be the future occurrence of these events.
The hypothesis on climate change makes increasing, too, concerns arising from the effects of a possible sea level rise over the coastal zone, which would imply actions of prevention, mitigation and adaptation necessary to the balance of the coastline. Such issues constitute demands on governmental planning at all levels.
6.1. LIVING RESOURCES
Living living resources are, historically, one of the most important food sources for the humanity. In actuality, the United Nations Agricultural and Food Organization estimates that the broadening of global fish production, even considering the strong increment observed in the equities, is expected to fall below the growth rate populational.
In Brazil, that framework is no different and advocates for the need for recognition of our extensive maritime space and the incorporation in its future plans for service to the food demand of its population. It should be stressed that this demand is not limited to the volume of food potentially generated in the sea, but also to the quality of that food, increasingly associated with healthy living.
It is necessary to understand, however, that the use of marine living resources requires the knowledge of their potential fisheries and biotechnological and the establishment of limits for their exploitation, so as not to compromise the balance of complex systems that guarantee their environmental viability and economic and social use.
Today, with the broadening of knowledge on marine ecosystems, specialized literature informs that, in the global fishing activity, about seventy and five per cent of the resources used by major fisheries are either fully exploited, or threatened with overfishing, or overfishing, or depleted or in process of recovery of exhaustion. From the exposed, it may be inferred that the tendency to overfishing is a global phenomenon.
Brazil is no exception to that framework. Stemming, in part, of the limited fishing potential, determined by the prevalence of oceanographic conditions little conducive to the support of large biomass, the use situation of the main features is a little more serious than that reported for the world, as the available scientific basis informs that eighty per cent are found in those situations described for world resources.
The efforts undertaken by the perpetrators of the actions provided for in the PSRM, in versions prior, and more specifically the Sustainable Potential Evaluation Program of Living Resources in the ZEE-Revizee confirmed overfishing over the main resources and that the ZEE, despite its large extent, does not offer conditions favorable for the existence of significant quantities of fishing resources.
Studies have identified some stocks as potential and quickly went on to be fully explored or even overfished and others offer development opportunities depending on management actions, foster and articulation. In that case, it cites the anchoilt, which presents significant potential for commercial exploitation, provided that they are employed suitable conservation and processing technologies, and developed the market to stimulate business interest. The atuns and related are also stocks that have featured for development, being fished of great quality and valued on the global market. These resources correspond to the main prospect of increment of foreign exchange from exports, although it should be noted that Brazil needs to form a fleet of its own and, in some cases, to negotiate, in international forums, the widening of your fishing quotas.
The production of fishing in Brazil has been oscillating, in recent years, around five hundred thousand tonnes, which corresponds to about six tenths per cent of world production. When they consider continental fishing and equal-farming, there is an increment of two tenths of percent in the country's share eight tenths per cent, although there is a prospect that production will be higher due to the fragility of the system of collecting of statistical data.
It is up to highlight, however, that in a more focused analysis on the sustainable use of resources marine observes a fishing sector with high social and economic importance, to which a contingent is integrated around five hundred thousand professional fishermen and markeepers, who respond by the livelihood of approximately four million people.
Therefore, if in quantitative terms the production of fish appears to be unsignificant, the values total social and monetary species of the exploded and cultivated species denote an important economic potential, which has ensured, for example, a balance in the trade balance, in 2003, higher than two hundred and twenty million dollars and exports, in 2006, of three hundred and fifty and a million and five hundred thousand dollars.
The importance of artisanal fisheries for the livelihoods of traditional communities is another characteristic of great relevance of this activity along the Brazilian shoreline. Fishing is important, too, in maintaining the great cultural diversity that is linked to the activities developed by the small fishermen, crab pickers and too many extractivists scattered across the Brazilian coastline.
The industry is the fastest growing animal protein production sector in the whole world, responding to the growing global demand for aquatic resource proteins, reaching in 2004 production of fifty-nine million tonnes with seventy billion worth of seventy. The contribution of the number of fish in trade and world consumption of fishermen is increasingly significant and will continue to grow, due to the decline in traditional fishing. In Brazil, the activity is already responsible for about thirty percent of national fish production, unponding as an activity that can meet the growing demand for food. In the ocean, mariculture, activity involving the cultivation of marine organisms such as algae, mollusks, shrimps and fish present themselves as an economic relevance sector that is contributing diverse national goals such as the generation of income, employment, food, foreign exchange and fixation of traditional communities at their places of origin.
The coastal zone is characterized by ambiguities in the appropriation of resources and complex interactions between the users of the resources. It is widely recognized that managing such complexity and promoting the sustainable development of the coastal area depend on an integrated coastal management approach. The development of mariculture should consider the multiple users of coastal natural resources, in addition to evidenced that the markeepers are, too, their legitimate users, and should therefore be considered and entered into a schedule national.
Mariculture, in turn, is an alternative capable of bringing important contribution to the increment of national fishing production. However, their viabilization, on a national scale, cannot occur outside the context of coastal management and the assessment of their environmental impacts derived from pollution, degradation of natural ecosystems, and the potential danger of introducing exogenous or genetically modified species. You should also observe the potential interactions of mariculture projects with other traditional coastal extractivism activities, including their socio-economic repercussions.
Among the main activities of mariculture in Brazil, it stands out for carciniculture or cultivation of prawns, activity that generated foreign exchange and fifty-four million in 2006. Meanwhile, this growth has been accompanied by concerns over its social and environmental impacts, prompting the FAO, in conjunction with a consortium of institutions, to publish the International Principles for Responsible Carciniculture. That paper proposes principles for the management and guidance for the implementation of the Responsible Fisheries Code of Conduct applied to the carcinogen sector.
The use of marine living resources should be, as well, in line with the guidelines of the Convention on Biological Diversity, which provides for the conditions not only for conservation, but also for sustainable use and the equal distribution of the benefits of biodiversity.
In this sense, the new studies carried out have broadened the knowledge about marine biodiversity, describing six new species of fish and fifties and five new species of bentonic organisms. Also for bentonic species, it was recorded that around center and thirty species and genres, and ten families that had not yet been observed in Brazil or the South Atlantic, signaling the potentiality for fables and other uses biotech. In that case, it is interesting to note that, practically, the totality of these species has been identified in the Sudeste-South Region, precisely that considered to be the most well-known one.
The living resources of the sea offer riquely source of natural products with therapeutic application and industrial. Marine organisms often have structures, metabolic pathways, reproductive, sensorial and defense systems that are unique in the Planet, as these organisms have adapted to extremely varied environments, from the coldest waters of the polar oceans to hydrothermal sources, at the bottom of the ocean, subjected to great pressure. Most of the organisms on Earth have representatives in the seas, or are exclusively marine. Thus, the oceans represent an important source of original genetic information.
The interest in marine biotechnology has been growing in recent years, including actions that allow: to broaden the knowledge of the genetic, biochemical, nutritional and environmental factors controlling the production of the metabolites of marine organisms, including microorganisms, as a basis for the development of new or innovative products ; identify bioactive compounds and determine their mechanisms of action and natural function, providing models for new application lines in medicine and chemical industry ; develop bioremediation strategies for application in the areas of use multiple of the coastal regions, such as recreation, fishing and aquesiculture, which require remediation of pollution by developing production systems for the trade and conservation of the seas.
Brazil has a promising path to travel in the studies of chemistry, pharmacology and biotechnology carried out in marine organisms, generating new knowledge and new technologies for the production of fable, biomaterials and other products such as biorremediation and bioprocesses. The progress of research, development and innovation in the areas related to marine biotechnology in Brazil calls for combined efforts between the government, the scientific community and the business community in the realization of joint projects, in the formation of productive partnerships, the empowerment of human resources and the creation of favorable environment for new investments.
It is important to add, too, that the end of the Twentieth Century and the beginning of the twenty-first Century have marked a new was ecological awareness on the planet, which has been reflected internationally in the public and private spheres. Recent international agreements on the environment and on fishing activity, ratified by the Brazilian government, have formalized our concern for the future of the oceans, setting targets for global reduction of effort fisheries, minimizing impacts on sensitive organisms of the oceans and marine habitat as a whole, creation of marine areas protected from human impact, among others.
Associated with the previously exposed frame, is worth adding some directions for the future of the fishery management in the Country pointed out by the Revizee, such as: need for investment in the quality of the fish ; measures to preserve fishing stocks, in the form of areas of fishing exclusion and stocks that avoid the accidental catch of species non-marketable or of sizes lower than permitted ones ; measures of control of fishing effort and improvement of fisheries management. As a result of these findings and aiming to overcome the shortcomings in the management process, the instances responsible for managing the sustainable use of fisheries resources in Brazil have adopted new systematic, whose fundamental principle is the articulation and the shared management between the representation of the state and the usual civil society, for defining and implementing the rules of resource exploitation. This new system supports itself in Management Committees by fishing resource or their area of occurrence as management units. The Committees are advisory and composed of parity between representatives of the bodies of the structure of the Executive Power and organised civil society.
In this way, the VII PSRM refers, in addition to the conservation of fisheries and biotechnological stocks, to the challenge of maintaining the functionalities of ecosystems, aiming at ensuring the sustainability of the use of these resources for present and future generations.
6.2. NON-LIVING RESOURCES
The marine funds, understood in this paper as being the sea bed and its subsoil of the Sea Territorial, from the Continental Platform and Area, represent a complex region of great environmental, economic-social and strategic interest. Current records of mineral occurrences in these regions highlight gravel depositions, sands, carbonates, heavy mineral planks, phosphorites, polymetallic nodules and cobaltic crosts, evaporites and associated sulfur, coal, hydrates of gas, polymetallic sulfide, in addition to oil and gas.
Cascalhos and sands are widely blown up in other countries. In Brazil, they have already been used for use in reclamation of beaches and landfils.
The Brazilian continental margin constitutes, most likely, one of the longest and longest marine regions of the world attacked by carbonic sediments, stretching from the mouth of the Pará River to the neighborhoods of Cape Frio.
Under the economic point of view, heavy mineral plazas, with registered reservations, are mainly located along the littoral cords, with the monazite, the ilmenite, the rutych and the zircon are the main minerals blown up. Occurrences of gold, platinum and diamond in plagiceres have been identified. In some cases, deposits are mined, tastefully, on beaches and areas of the continental margins of various parts of the world.
Highlight, still, the occurrences of phosphorite on the coast of the states of the Northeast and South Brazilians. There are accumulations of phosphorite nodules on the Rio Grande terrace, at a depth of about five hundred meters. Despite the importance of this mineral as fertilizer and our dependence on its importation, studies on these types of occurrences, on the Brazilian continental margin, have not yet been properly carried out.
polymetallic and cobaltic crosts were identified in oceanic sedimentary basins. These resources, though they constitute a source of cobalt, nickel, copper and manganese, are little studied in Brazil. However, several other countries already survey them in international areas of the oceans and some continental platforms from countries located in the Pacific Ocean.
Polymetallic sulfide and associated biotechnological features are considered to be the resources marine of greater economic and strategic interest, after oil and gas. These resources have attracted the investment of part of the international mineral industry in ZEE from some countries and also in international areas under the jurisdiction of the International Marine Funds Authority (Isba). These depositions can reach the amount of one hundred million tons and usually exhibits high concentration of copper, zinc, lead, barium, cadmium, antimony, besides gold and silver. In the South Atlantic, such resources have been little studied, but can be present along the mesoceanic mountain ranges and in the vicinity of the São Pedro and São Paulo Archipelago. Despite their importance, these resources have not been studied in such a way as to enable their exploitation on an industrial scale. In this way, in addition to not contributing to further the sustained development of the Country, these resources have not been catalogued in such a way as to constitute strategic reserves for Brazil.
The evaporite deposits, until then studied, are present in several littoral basins since Alagoas to São Paulo, with prominence for the accumulations in the Basin of the Holy Spirit. Brazil's inferred reserves of salt-yolk surpass twenty billion tons.
The occurrences of mineral coal located on the Brazilian continental margin are on the coast of the states of Santa Catarina and the Rio Grande do Sul, where layers of coal with thickness of about nine meters were identified at depths between seven hundred and eight hundred meters.
Gas hydrates constitute significant sources of energy in marine funds. Its exploitation will demand new technologies that contemplate the technical complexities and potential environmental impacts.
The exploration and production of oil and gas in the sea have evolved significantly in recent years. The offshore production is responsible for most of the national total, reaching, in 2005, eighty-five percent oil and fifty percent and nine percent gas. The expansion of activity to new sites, in addition to the traditionally explored basins, occupies preserved stretches of the coastline where environmental assets still predominate, local productive arrangements and occupation by traditional populations.
The activities inherent in the exploration and production of oil and natural gas offshore, even using environmentally acceptable technologies entail risks and socio-environmental impacts, which should be considered strategic in the decision-making process.
Mining can cause diverse types of environmental impacts to coastal and marine ecosystems, may generate conflicts with other activities developed in the same space. Thus, the sustainability of mining activity in the marine environment presupposes technical, economic and environmental feasibility studies, to subsidize the policy of the planning and management of the continental margin and the Coastal Zone by the entities regulatory, by definition of technical criteria for the exploitation of these mineral resources.
General principles for the sustainable management of marine mineral resources exploitation must include:
the conservation of mineral goods, ensuring the existence of strategic reserves ;
the encouragement of the efficient use of mineral goods ;
the incentive to use extraction methods that minimize adverse impacts to the environment ;
the study of the total amount of ore to be extracted and the pace of exploitation, with the aim of monitor the potential impact of the operation ;
the management of the extraction activities targeting the sustainability of the ecosystem ;
the existence of areas with a higher degree of sensitivity and legally protected areas, such as areas of marine conservation, fishing and of interest for other legitimate uses of the sea.
Facts Carriers of Future for the Mining Exploration in theSea
In the face of the potential that marine funds represent, the following points should be considered in the formulation of policies and strategies:
An eventual international race for requisition of mineral exploration sites in the Area. Dozens of mining companies have been directly involved, in recent decades, in the prospection of polymetallic nodules in the sea bed. As soon as the International Marine Funds Authority concludes the elaboration of regulations for the prospection and exploitation of polymetallic sulfide and cobaltical crosts, other mining areas may also be requested for exploration of these resources, including areas in the South Atlantic, situated in front of the Brazilian continental In addition to mineral resources, the high potential in terms of the biotechnological development of deep, yet very unfamiliar ocean biota, which can present resources whose value is still not yet can be assessed.
The development of marine technology for exploration and exploitation in deep water. That aspect represents, in the regional and international spheres, an important political-strategic component for countries that want to broaden their influence to the international area of the oceans.
The coastal erosion. Mitigation of damage to the Coastal Zone will demand: the identification, sizing and use of granulates targeting the praial reconstruction ; the environmental impact study produced by the extraction and the consequent verification as to the durability of the work in each region where it is performed.
The exhaustion of the continental reserves. Sand and dredged gravel from marine funds could prove to be an important contribution to the national demand of aggregates, a fact that already occurs in several countries, replacing materials extracted from continental sources, thereby reducing extraction in areas of importance for agriculture, tourism or even environmental conservation.
The growing national dependence on imported fertilizers. The exploitation of the marine deposits of bioclastic granulates, phosphorite and other inputs will be able to significantly reduce imports or who knows to make Brazil self-sufficient in fertilizers. In the case of bioclastic granulates, which total ninety and four percent of the areas required for mineral research at sea, surveys conducted on soybean cultivation indicated that they can replace forty percent of the fertilizer employed (NPK), with twenty per cent gains in productivity.
The use of the operational structures of the exploitation of certain As an example, you can cite the carbon sequestration through the already exaurious oil and gas wells.
6.3. OCEANOGRAPHIC AND CLIMATOLOGICAL MONITORING (MOC)
Along the Brazilian coast focuses on the large urban populations of the Country and are developed activities of socio-economic relevance, all strongly influencing by natural phenomena.
The main effects of possible climate change associated with the oceans will be felt, mainly, in the Coastal Zone. These effects are caused by integrated processes at local, regional, and global scales, thus justifying their monitoring, their study and their prediction, on these three scales.
It Is thus of great relevance the full knowledge of the role of the oceans, the atmosphere and the its interactions, to contribute to the enhancement of weather forecasting, climate and extreme natural phenomena such as droughts, floods, storms, among others, that can produce strong impacts on the lives of populations and the sustainability of local economies.
The interactions between the different components of the weather system, in particular of the ocean and the atmosphere, have direct impact on the activities associated with coastal and oceanic environments. The seasonal and decadal variability, associated with the displacement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone has direct influence on the time and regional climate of Brazil.
Scientific research identifies the possibility that global climate change will be associated with the increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The elucidation of ocean biogeochemical processes, responsible for the sequester of atmospheric CO2, as well as ocean acidification, are processes not yet fully understood, by the lack of a permanent monitoring mechanism in the South Atlantic and Tropical Ocean, concomitant to the collection of oceanographic parameters, which has been conducted within the framework of the GOOS/Brazil Program.
Second reports from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), published in 2007, a third of the carbionic gas released in the atmosphere is absorbed by the oceans, the pH of which decreased in 0.1, since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. This would indicate that CO2 emissions are increasing, which can make the ocean more acidic, with substantive impact on the marine food chain, in particular phytoplankton, main primary and base producer of the ocean food chain, as well as on coral reefs, which need the dissolved carbon in the water to compose their skeleton.
While it is reasonably known the climatic impacts that temperature patterns of the surface of the sea have over some Brazilian regions, with highlight to the semi-arid region of the Northeast, there is still great uncertainty over ocean-atmosphere interaction processes in the Southwest Atlantic and the rainfall regime over a large portion of the Brazil, in particular on the Southeast and Midwest Regions.
In general, the South Atlantic, and in particular its western portion, lacks data in situ which hinders the prediction of the evolution of time over the ocean, with negative impacts on our ability to forego with acuracy extreme events.
In cases of extreme events, such as for example Hurricane Catarina, the absence of data in situ makes it impossible to detect any discrepancies between the magnitudes of the surface winds predicted by the existing weather forecast models.
The sea level and wave propagation also have significant impact on economic activities, influencing sediment transport processes near the coast, affecting marine ecosystems on shorter time scales, associated with tormentation occurring in the South and North Atlantic, given that disturbances on the sea surface if propagate over long distances and with high speed.
Secure navigation, the exploitation of marine resources and the environmental protection system, local and global depend on the ability to understand and predict the oceans, on a time scale suitable for the decision-making process.
In the southern coastal region of Brazil, the variability of the temperature fields of the surface of the sea is directly related to fluctuations in the catch of fishermen of commercial interest as, for example, the real sardine. In the bank of the Abrolhos, considered the largest coral reef of the South Atlantic and source of genetic heritage for that ocean, the persistence of positive anomalies of sea surface temperature and weak winds affects the ecosystem, causing bleaching and eventual death of the corals and associated communities.
In the course of the flowering of harmful algae, dangerous to human health and difficult detection by the conventional methods, the establishment of a satellite monitoring system (ocean color), integrated with a system of in situ observations, will allow to detect, in advance, this phenomenon, and propose measures to minimize its economic and social impact on fisheries and the equal-beekeeping.
The fauna and flora of the coastal zone make up a complex and sensitive biological system, which houses extraordinary inter-relation of processes and pressures, exerting fundamental role in most of the coastal regulatory mechanisms. These ecosystems are responsible for broad range of ecological functions, such as flood prevention, saline intrusion and coastal erosion ; storm protection ; recycling of nutrients and polluting substances and the provision of hábitats and resources for the variety of species blown up, directly or indirectly.
To give continuity to current exploitation levels, as well as to achieve higher usage indexes sustainable natural resources explanatory, the mapping and monitoring of the health of the diverse coastal and marine ecosystems, by means of monitoring projects, are required in order to ensure the maintenance of their services environment.
Biological diversity does not, however, also be distributed over the various coastal and marine ecosystems. Sandy beaches and lodosas constitute, for example, low-diversity systems, harboring specialized organisms. Restinges and rocky costans are found to be in intermediate position, in relation to biodiversity, while coastal lagoons and estuaries constitute fertile systems, serving as a shelter and region of creator for numerous species. Already mangroves present high structural and functional diversity, acting, together with estuaries, as biomass exporters for the adjacent systems. Finally, coral reefs behave a variety of animal species similar to that observed in the humid tropical forests and constitute one of the most diverse environments on the planet.
Highlights the need to focus efforts on ecosystems considered nursery, extremely rich in biodiversity and fishing resources, such as mangroves and coral reefs. As far as the other monitoring actions are concerned, such as the control of polluting sources advinds from the terrestrial activities, are the subject of the Federal Action Plan for the Coastal Zone (PAF-ZC).
Thus, the MOC, coordinated and executed within the framework of the GOOS/Brazil Program, has the purpose of providing information on the Tropical and South Atlantic Ocean, aiming to contribute to the enhancement of weather and climate prediction, studies on variability and possible climate change in the region and the prediction and warning of extreme events affecting the Brazil, such as:
prolonged droughts in the various regions of the Country and floods in the South / Southeast, which can lead to break of agricultural crop production and damage in urban regions ;
tropical and extratrotropical cyclones, tornadoes, intense gusts of wind and hangovers ;-- flowering of harmful algae ;
large-scale rain that can lead to flooding.
MOC contributes to:
the monitoring of variations of the mean sea level, enabling to verify eventual changes climatic and identify areas sensitive to coastal erosion, included indication of the direction and rate of displacement of the coastline ;
the analysis of the effects of intense cyclones on the behavior of the fishing fleet, along the Regions Southeast and South, relating their occurrence with the fishing productivity ;
the increase in environmental safety in the offshore operations of oil extraction ;
identification of the distribution and quantification of CO2 flow at the ocean-atmosphere interface, in seasonal or longer scale ;
the analysis of the effect of wave propagation in shallow water, fundamental for the determination of rates of erosion and accumulation in coastal segments, with tendency to morphological instability ;
the assessment of the impact of extreme weather phenomena on the generation of electric power, with the possibility of?erasers? and interruption in water supply ;
the study of the health of ecosystems.
As Brazil has continental dimensions, each region has meteorological peculiarities and climatological, subject to distinct vulnerabilities as to extreme phenomena, and therefore, coordination between national and regional institutions linked to studies on time and climate is therefore necessary.
The MOC demands the deployment of instrumentation laboratory for development, construction, calibration and operation of scientific, continental and ocean data collection platforms, via remote network and in situ, which can contribute to the fulfillment of the needs of the scientific research and monitoring programs of the oceans, from the hydrosphere, from the biosphere and the atmosphere, of interest to Brazil.
Additionally, broadening the research capacity at sea, through the construction of vessels of research in the Country and the maintenance, calibration and technological update of existing vessels, will contribute to the achievement of the objectives of that plan, as well as for the formation and empowerment of future generations of researchers.
Finally, the understanding of oceanographic and meteorological phenomena, as well as the processes that determine the oceans'influences on climate change and ecosystems' health, can be characterized as products to be generated, in consequence of the execution of a specific program.
7. STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT OF VII PSRM
The central purpose of CIRM's performance, as per PNRM, expressed in the Strategic Map, is to ensure the interests of Brazil in the sustainable exploitation of seabirds.
To achieve the specific goals of the 7th PSRM, four interdependent dimensions were defined:
Results for the Society ;
Budgetary Management-Financial ;
Human Resources ;
Science, Technology and Innovation.
In addition, the map relies on four structural axes:
SOVEREIGNTY: signifying the magnification of sovereign assertion capacity over the rights of use and exploitation of maritime spaces of national interest, in accordance with international law ;
SUSTAINABILITY: signifying the promotion of social, environmental and economically sustainable use of social, coastal and marine resources ;
INFORMATION MANAGEMENT: signifying the integration and accessibility of the databases on the marine environment ;
COMMUNICATION and ARTICULATION: meaning the need for interaction of public and private actors, as well as the dissemination of the results generated by PSRM.
[ TABLE ]
7.1. STRATEGIC INDICATORS
In order to allow the process of evaluation and quantification of the effectiveness of this VII PSRM, were established the following strategic indicators:
[ TABLE ]
8. VII PSRM ATIONS
The implementation of the VII PSRM will be based on the budgetary allocations provided for in PPA 2008-2011 and in resources obtained in the sector funds and the special holdings in the terms provided for by Law no 9.478/97, in addition to external resources capped with domestic companies and international organizations.
Each action of this Plan should relate to at least one action from the PPA. The unfolding of these actions will be contemplated in the respective managerial plans that will detail the specific goals to be pursued in each fiscal exercise.
In line with PNRM, the bodies with representation in CIRM should: introduce in their plans and programmes the parties which have been given to them in the decisions and planning drawn up within CIRM, adopting the necessary measures to achieve the objectives of the PNRM ; to promote judicious use of existing bodies and means, optimizing the utilization of installed capacity and coordinating and integrating the respective programmes so as to avoid duplicity of effort and waste resources ; and prioritize CIRM's programmes in the promotion and incentive initiatives scientific and technological related to the use of sea resources.
Action: Management of the Program Resources of the Sea (coordinator organization-Navy of Brazil-SECIRM)- OE-1, OE-3, OE-5, OE-6, OE-7
Goals of action: get synergy from the articulation and integration of the diverse actors interested in the sustainable use of sea resources and coordinate the Brazilian agenda on the defence of national interests in maritime spaces under jurisdiction and of national interest.
Public target: government ; representative entities of the business sector and civil society.
expected results: organization of meetings, seminars, workshop, events for articulation and cultural dissemination and foster the development of maritime mindset ; development of socioeconomic studies and ascertaining of indicators of interest of the Setorial Plan of Resources of the Sea ; coordination of employment of logistic means for the benefit surveys of PSRM.
Action: Oceanographic and Climatological Monitoring-MOC-GOOS/Brazil (coordinator organization- Brazilian Navy-DHN)-OE-2, OE-4, OE-5, OE-6, OE-7, OE-8, OE9, OE-10
Goals of action: generating oceanographic and meteorological information on the Atlantic Ocean Tropical and South, aiming at the enhancement of weather and climate prediction and, in due course, to the emission capacity of extreme event alerts that affect Brazil ; contribute to the study of variability and climate change in the region ; monitor the participation of the oceans in the carbon cycle, which includes emission and carbon sequestration, fundamental for the detection of possible global climate change ; detect oceanographic anomalies that cause impact on the use of the marine living resources, in particular the fishery resources and mariculture.
Public target: government ; research institutions ; institutions linked to weather forecasts and climate and studies on global climate change ; universities ; fisheries sectors, agribusiness, and tourism ; civil defence and civil society.
Results expected: acuracy in the climate prediction of droughts and floods in the Northeast, South and Southeast Brazilian ; acuracy in marine meteorological prediction ; monitoring of CO2 flow at the ocean-atmosphere interface in the Tropical and South Atlantic ; monitoring of the mean sea level ; prediction of wave propagation in shallow waters ; monitoring of the temperature variability of the sea surface and graphic product elaboration of the ocean temperature and color fields ; determination of sedimentary transport in coastal segments with tendency to morphological instability ; elaboration of products that assist in the environmental safety of the offshore operations of oil extraction ; elaboration of products that assist in the determination of harmful algal blooms dangerous to human life, in support of cultivation and activities of extractivism of marine organisms ; and obtaining and provision of oceanographic and meteorological data.
Action: Research in Climate and Oceanography over the Tropical and South Atlantic and Antarctica (organization coordinator-Ministry of Science and Technology)-OE-2, OE-4, OE-5, OE-6, OE-7, OE-8, OE9, OE-10
Objectives of action: improving the knowledge of interactions between ocean, atmosphere and the environment antarctic and its impacts on Brazil's weather and climate, pointing out that all projects associated with Antarctic scientific research should be addressed within the framework of the Brazilian Antarctic Program ; generate and make environmental data available on the marine domain, with the use of space technologies, remote sensing, satellite data telemetry and the use of fixed and derivant platforms ; update, recovery and replacement of systems, buoys and data collection platforms.
Public target: government ; research institutions ; institutions linked to weather forecasts, weather and possible global changes ; universities ; fisheries sectors, agribusiness and tourism ; civil defence and civil society.
expected results: improvement of knowledge of ocean-atmospheral interactions ; improvement of rates of acertation of weather and climate forecasts and monitoring related to possible global changes.
Action: Logistic Support for Research Programs in the South Atlantic and Tropical-Logmar (organization coordinator-Marine coordinator of Brazil / SECIRM)-OE-5, OE-8, OE-9
Objectives of the action: realizing the modernization and maintenance of equipment, ships and vessels used in support of research programs in the Tropical and South Atlantic ; contribute to the suitability of the vessels employed in support of the various actions.
Public target: institutions of science and technology.
Expected Results: viabilization of scientific research ; supply of them with supplies (food, permanent material and consumption) and transportation of material and personnel from the various actions supported ; personnel training to participate in scientific expeditions.
Action: Scientific Research in the Archipelago of Saint Peter and São Paulo-Proarchipelago (organization coordinator-Marine coordinator of Brazil / SECIRM)-OE-5, OE-8, OE-9
Objectives of the action: to conduct continuous and systematic scientific research that target the exploitation, the exploitation, conservation and management of the existing natural resources in the São Pedro and São Paulo Archipelago (ASPSP) ; maintain the facilities, equipment and apparatus of the scientific station ; provide the preparation, means and support needed for research in the region and ensure permanent human habitability in that archipelago.
Public target: universities, research centers and their researchers.
expected results: realization of scientific research, with the consequent obtaining, systematization and dissemination of scientific knowledge on the Archipelago of Saint Peter and São Paulo and its permanent occupation, in order to guarantee Brazil's rights of sovereignty over the Exclusive Economic Zone (ZEE) around that archipelago ; supply of the ASPSP of supplies (food, permanent material and consumption) ; transportation of material and personnel between the mainland and the islands mentioned above, personnel training to participate in scientific expeditions.
Action: Scientific Research on the Island of Trinity-Protrinity (coordinator organization-Navy of the Brazil / EMA)-OE-5, OE-8, OE-9
Objectives of the action: to build and maintain, with MB's annuity, facilities for accommodation of researchers and conducting scientific research, in the facilities already existing on the Island of Trinity ; provide the means and support necessary for transportation, the permanence of researchers and the realization of scientific research in the Trinity Islands and Martim Vaz and the adjacent maritime area and promote and manage the development of scientific research in the Islands of Trinity and Martin Vaz and the adjacent maritime area.
Public-target: universities, research centers, science and technology institutions and the society.
expected results: benefits for accommodation of researchers ; permanent facilities and provisional on the islands for carrying out research ; conducting scientific research in the Trinity Islands and Martin Vaz and the adjacent maritime area.
Action: National Infrastructure for Research in the Sea-Inframar (coordinator organization-Navy of the Brazil / SECIRM)-OE-8, OE-9, OE-10
Objectives of the action: to establish and maintain the interconnection of the databases relating to the sea, design and build research ships in the Country, promote maintenance, calibration, and technological upgrading of the vital systems and data collection equipment of the vessels to be employed ; contribute to the technological upgrade of the Partycipic Research Institutes ; contribute to the maintenance and operation of the Embarked National Laboratory.
Public target: government, research institutions, academic community serviced by the infrastructure of research.
Expected Results: adequately maintained and technologically updated vessels, ships of research designed and built in the Country, data banks concerning the interconnected sea, adequately equipped research institutes ; knowledge transfer, techniques and methodologies for the construction of data collection platforms in real time.
Action: Biotechnology of Marine Organisms-Biomar (coordinator organization-Ministry of Science and Technology)-OE-2, OE-8, OE-9, OE-10
Objectives of action: to promote and foster the sustainable exploitation of the biotechnological potential of the marine biodiversity existing in coastal, transition areas, and in maritime areas under Brazilian jurisdiction and national interest ; defining priority focuses for governmental acting in encouraging research, technological development and innovation in marine biotechnology in Brazil, taking as the basis the existing capacity in the Country, the priorities of each of the government actors and the possibilities of enhancing the articulation between the public and private sectors ; objectives specific: to know the current stage of national scientific and technological development in marine biotechnology ; to strengthen national research capacity in marine biotechnology ; to absorb technologies and to promote innovation.
Public-Alvo: scientific community ; business sector ; government sector ; Brazilian society.
expected results: modernization of the infrastructure supporting the development of biotechnology marine ; stimulus the formation of networks, foster the development of cultural organisms from marine organisms for biotechnological use and stimulus to the generation of products with mercadological potential like:
-biotechnological processes for recovery of degraded areas ;
-technology for the production of alternative sources of energy from marine biomass ;
-bioactive agents for the prevention and control of biodegradation processes, biocorrosion and bioencryustration ;
-Modernized infrastructure for the generation of products and processes in biotechnology ;
-networks constituted for the generation of products and processes in biotechnology ;
-inputs for research and development of phemphmacos ;
-concluded between universities, research centers and companies.
Action: Evaluation of the Mineral Potential of the Brazilian Legal Continental Platform and Ocean Areas -Remplac (co-responsible coordinator organizations-Ministry of Mines and Energy and Ministry of Environment)-OE-1, OE-2, OE-4, OE-5, OE-6, OE-7, OE-8, OE-9 and OE-10
Objectives of action: generating information on the main mineral resources found in PCJB and adjacent oceanic areas, upon thematic and systematic surveys, with a view to the definition and implementation of public policies that will ensure the conservation and sustainable use of mineral resources in the maritime areas under national jurisdiction ; develop national strategy for planning and environmental management of oil activity and prevention, combat and recovery of oil industry damage.
Public target: Federal, state and municipal governments, academic sector, business sector and civil society, in particular local populations.
Expected Results: geological and geophysical information of the ocean areas of Braz integrated and systematized ; geological and geomorphological characteristics of the marine background and seamless marine subsoil ; cooperation networks in geological research and strengthened marine geophysics ; identified areas of occurrence of new mineral resources ; planning policies and management of marine areas based on technical, economic and environmental feasibility studies ; mineral and environmental legislation reassessed and appropriate to the specificities of resources marine minerals ; exploration sites in the international area requested to the International Marine Funds Authority (UN) ; new mineral research and wastewater technologies developed or adapted, underpinnered in environmental sustainability, social and economic activity of activity ; areas of relevant mineral-energy interest identified through strategic environmental assessment ; integrated environmental assessment (AAI) studies developed for oil and gas in shallow waters ; studies of volted sediments for paleoclima, coastal dynamics and erection of the eroded coast line ; National Contingency Plan (PNC) elaborated from its structural parts, such as area plans (PA), individual emergency plans (PEI), the Information System on Oil Pollution Incidents (Sisnoil) and the mapping of environmental and risk sensitivity.
Action: Action and Fisheries-Aquifishing (responsible organization: Special Office of Aquiculture and Fishery of the Presidency of the Republic) OE-1, OE-2, OE-3, OE-4, OE-8, OE-9, OE-10
Objectives of action: to develop and foster new sustainable technologies of fisheries and equal-farming, and of the fish ; to promote technological and professional empowerment in the fishing and wine activities ; to promote the development of sustainable mariculture ; to generate, systematize and disseminate the information necessary for the planning and development of the fishing activities and wine-making ; support the development of traditional fishing communities.
Public target: Federal, state and municipal governments, fisheries-managing institutions and the equal-beekeeping, traditional communities and fishing grounds, maricultors, business sector, research institutions and civil society.
expected results:Brazilian participation guaranteed in international forums on use of fisheries resources ; enlarged and modernized national fishing fleet, in order to ensure the expansion of the capture of transzonal and highly migratory species ; participatory and shared management mechanisms of the fishery resources and the wine-making implanted ; fish marketing policy and integral units of the productive chain of the strengthened artisanal fishery ; quality of fishery products and guaranteed beekeeping, fishing activity and an ordered equal place with environmental liability regulated ; studies and technology for sustainable fisheries and mariculture projects developed ; guidelines for the sustainable development of elaborate carcinogen ; restrained, recadastrated and monitored fleets ; guidelines for use of elaborate artificial structures ; development of the promoted traditional communities ; compensation processes for guaranteed fishing ; system of fishery information and implemented and integrated equation ; activities of capacity-building fishermen and markeepers carried out ; programme of deployed and integrated board observers.
Action: Evaluation of Sustainable Potential and Monitoring of Marine Living Resources-Revimar (coordinator organization-Ministry of Environment-Ibama and ICM)-OE-1, OE-2, OE-3, OE-4, OE-8, OE-9, OE-10
Objectives of the action: generate continuous information by monitoring fisheries over the main fishing stocks of the different regions of the Brazilian coast and major ecosystems ; use and develop new fishery management instruments such as marine protected areas and ecosystem focus projects on fisheries with seen in the definition / implementation of public policies that will ensure the conservation and sustainable use of species caught in the maritime areas under national jurisdiction.
Public target: government, fishermen, fishing vessel, fishing entrepreneurs, equal keepers and society.
expected results: recovered fishing stocks ; sustainable use and stockpile conservation fishing grounds guaranteed with the planning and reshaping of the fishing effort ; management tools aiming at the recovery of fishing stocks (marine protected areas, projects with ecosystem focus on fishing and co-management mechanisms) implemented ; monitored fisheries and fishery stocks assessed ; monitoring programs of the coral reefs and deployed mangroves ; ocean and biological data collected, analyzed and disseminated ; coastal and marine protected areas created and effectivated.
Action: Supervision of the Activities of the Pforget Sector (coordinator organization-Ministry of the Middle Environment-IBAMA)-OE-1, OE-2, OE-4.
Objectives of the action: coibir the illicit relative to the fishing resources ; scrutinize the units productive in the fishing and wine sector, such as: vessels, fishing terminals, marketing points, fishermen's cooperatives, refrigerators, wine ventures, commercial establishments, among others, including as for the their respective licences, permits, registrations and equipment / fishing apparatus ; ensure compliance with the measures for fishing planning, including in the protected areas.
Public target: government, fishermen, fishing vessel, fishing entrepreneurs, equal keepers and society.
expected results: elimination of illegal and non-reporting fishing ; control over the implementation of the measures of defined by the processes of co-management or shared management of the fishing activities ; sustainable use of fishing resources ; effective monitoring of fishing activities through the national vessel tracking program satellite fishing grounds ; regularization of the activities in the area.
Action-Consolidation and Magnification of Research Groups and Post-Graduation in Mar-PPG Sciences-Mar (coordinator organization-Ministry of Education) OE-7, OE-8, OE-9, OE-10
Goals of action:improve the quality of undergraduate and graduate education and the research in Science of the Sea ; appropriate vacancy provision in the undergraduate courses and graduate programs to the needs of the Country and extend the absorption opportunities of professionals in the Mar. science area.
Public-target: students and researchers linked to undergraduate courses and graduate programs in the Country.
expected results: improvement of evaluation indicators of undergraduate courses and programs of postgraduate degree in Mar Sciences ; extension of the qualitative indicators of technical-scientific production in Mar Sciences ; optimization and magnification of installed capacity for human resource training at the undergraduate and postgraduate levels ; extension of the amount of professionals in the area's Science area entered into the labour market.
9. IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY, MONITORING MECHANISMS, ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION
The Subcommittee for PSRM, created through Portaria no 1A, of March 15, 1984, of the CIRM, will be the forum for coordination and articulation of the actions of this VII PSRM. It will be coordinated by the CIRM Secretary and integrated by the coordinators of the various actions in it constants. The main function of the Subcommittee is to comply with the objectives of the 7th PSRM, and to both monitor and evaluate, jointly, the performance of their respective actions.
This Subcommittee is expected to meet quarterly so that it can collaborate with subsidies for the monitoring of the Pluriannual Plan Actions (PPA 2008-2011) and will, among others, have the following functions: supervising the evolution of the strategic indicators of the PSRM ; monitor and report the progress to the CIRM plenary of the actions ; support the coordinators of the executive committees in their assignments and establish channels of communication among other intervening institutions.
PSRM's actions will be able to give rise to National Work Proposed (PNT) that will contemplate the long term planning and will be unfolded in short-term, detailed schedules (managerial plans) that will embed the application of their resources.
Are components of the Managerial Plan:
-expected contribution to the improvement of the strategic indicators of PSRM ;
-identification of the articulation and sustainability strategy of action ;
-identification of relevant actors and communication strategy ;
-identification of the milestones to be reached, necessary resources and risks identified for achieving the goals of the action.
For the implementation and management of PSRM's actions, executive committees will be constituted at the discretion of the coordinating bodies, in consultation with the other bodies that have a share in the respective
Executive committees should conduct the activities linked to their actions, set priorities, troubleshoot divergences, manage budget and financial flows, assess the development of the action, ascertain and evaluate the indicators applicable to their actions, and subsidize the revision of the setorial schedules.
It should be adopted computerized system assisting the caption of information on the progress of the actions and subsidizing the coordinators of PSRM's actions and too many managers and leaders in decision-making. Such a system should be progressively integrated with SIGPlan, and in accordance with the interoperability standards defined by the Executive Committee of Electronic Government (Cege). It will be developed in such a way as to allow for the measurement of efficiency (costs and deadlines) and effectiveness (reach of the targets, with correct and full service specifications) of the shares, as well as to provide grants for the evaluation of the effectiveness of the programs (impact on society) of PSRM's actions. The evaluation of the effectiveness, accompanied with eventual enhancement, of the PSRM should be made from the analysis of the strategic map and its indicators, constants of this Plan.
