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Nrs: Chapter 441A - Infectious Diseases; Toxic Agents


Published: 2015

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[Rev. 2/10/2015 5:29:38

PM--2014R2]

CHAPTER 441A - INFECTIOUS DISEASES; TOXIC

AGENTS

GENERAL PROVISIONS

NRS 441A.010        Definitions.



NRS 441A.020        “Board”

defined.

NRS 441A.030        “Child

care facility” defined.

NRS 441A.040        “Communicable

disease” defined.

NRS 441A.050        “Health

authority” defined.

NRS 441A.060        “Health

Division” defined. [Repealed.]

NRS 441A.063        “Infectious

disease” defined.

NRS 441A.065        “Isolation”

defined.

NRS 441A.070        “Laboratory

director” defined.

NRS 441A.080        “Medical

facility” defined.

NRS 441A.090        “Medical

laboratory” defined.

NRS 441A.100        “Physician”

defined.

NRS 441A.110        “Provider

of health care” defined.

NRS 441A.115        “Quarantine”

defined.

NRS 441A.120        Regulations

of State Board of Health; performance of duties set forth in regulations.

NRS 441A.125        Use

of syndromic reporting and active surveillance to monitor public health;

regulations.

NRS 441A.130        Chief

Medical Officer to inform local health officers of regulations and procedures.

NRS 441A.140        Authority

of Division of Public and Behavioral Health to receive and use financial aid.

REPORTING OF OCCURRENCES; INVESTIGATIONS; ACTIONS TO PROTECT

PUBLIC HEALTH AND SAFETY

NRS 441A.150        Reporting

occurrences of communicable diseases to health authority.

NRS 441A.160        Investigation:

Powers of health authority to conduct investigation of communicable disease;

order to require person to submit to examination; order of isolation,

quarantine or treatment.

NRS 441A.163        Investigation:

Powers of health authority to conduct investigation of infectious disease or

exposure to biological, radiological or chemical agent; reports; regulations.

NRS 441A.165        Investigation:

Powers of health authority to access medical records, laboratory records and

other information in possession of health care provider or medical facility;

payment of certain costs related to investigation.

NRS 441A.166        Investigation:

Subpoena to compel production of medical records, laboratory records and other

information; court order directing witness to appear for failure to produce.

NRS 441A.167        Investigation:

Law enforcement agencies and political subdivisions authorized to share certain

information and medical records with state and local health authorities.

NRS 441A.169        Investigation:

Powers of health authority to issue cease and desist order to health care

provider or medical facility; injunction.

NRS 441A.170        Weekly

reports to Chief Medical Officer.

NRS 441A.180        Contagious

person to prevent exposure to others; warning by health authority; penalty.

NRS 441A.190        Control

of disease within schools, child care facilities, medical facilities and

correctional facilities.

NRS 441A.195        Testing

of person or decedent who may have exposed law enforcement officer,

correctional officer, emergency medical attendant, firefighter, county coroner

or medical examiner, person employed by or volunteering for agency of criminal

justice or certain other public employees or volunteers to communicable

disease.

NRS 441A.200        Right

to receive treatment from physician or clinic of choice; Board may prescribe

method of treatment.

NRS 441A.210        Rights

and duties of person who depends exclusively on prayer for healing.

NRS 441A.220        Confidentiality

of information; permissible disclosure.

NRS 441A.230        Disclosure

of personal information prohibited without consent.

SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES

NRS 441A.240        Duties

of health authority.

NRS 441A.250        Establishment

and support of clinics and dispensaries.

NRS 441A.260        Provision

of medical supplies and financial aid for treatment of indigent patients.

NRS 441A.270        Instruction

of patients on prevention and treatment of disease.

NRS 441A.280        Procedure

to ensure that infected person receives adequate treatment.

NRS 441A.290        Infected

person to report source of infection.

NRS 441A.300        Confinement

of person whose conduct may spread acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

NRS 441A.310        Examination

and treatment of minor without consent.

NRS 441A.320        Testing

of person alleged to have committed sexual offense; disclosure of results of

test; assistance to victim; payment of expenses.

NRS 441A.330        Provision

of outpatient care to persons with acquired immune deficiency syndrome or human

immunodeficiency virus related disease.

SERVICES CONCERNING HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS

NRS 441A.334        “Provider

of health care” defined.

NRS 441A.335        Declaration

of legislative intent.

NRS 441A.336        Counseling

to be provided to person testing positive for human immunodeficiency virus;

topics to be addressed in counseling; referrals to be provided to person

testing positive for human immunodeficiency virus; regulations.

TUBERCULOSIS

NRS 441A.340        Duties

of health authority.

NRS 441A.350        Establishment

and support of clinics.

NRS 441A.360        Provision

of medical supplies and financial aid for treatment of indigent patients.

NRS 441A.370        Contracts

with hospitals, clinics and other institutions for examination and care of

patients.

NRS 441A.380        Treatment

of patient for condition related to or as necessary for control of

tuberculosis.

NRS 441A.390        Contracts

with private physicians to provide outpatient care in rural areas.

NRS 441A.400        Inspection

of records of facility where patients are treated.

MISCELLANEOUS DISEASES

NRS 441A.410        Control

of rabies.

ISOLATION AND QUARANTINE OF PERSON OR GROUP OF PERSONS

General Provisions

NRS 441A.510        Manner

of isolating, quarantining or treating by health authority; duty to inform

person of rights.

NRS 441A.520        Right

of person isolated or quarantined to make and receive telephone calls and to

possess cellular phone; duty to notify spouse or legal guardian under certain

circumstances.

NRS 441A.530        Right

to refuse treatment and not submit to involuntary treatment; exception.

 

Emergency Isolation or Quarantine

NRS 441A.540        Restrictions

on change of status from voluntary isolation or quarantine to emergency

isolation or quarantine; rights of person whose status is changed.

NRS 441A.550        Detention

for testing, examination, observation and consensual medical treatment;

limitation on time; rights of person detained; extension of time.

NRS 441A.560        Procedure

for isolation or quarantine.

NRS 441A.570        Certificate

of another health authority or physician, licensed physician assistant or

registered nurse required.

NRS 441A.580        Requirements

for and limitations on applications and certificates.

NRS 441A.590        Additional

notice to spouse or legal guardian.

 

Involuntary Court-Ordered Isolation or Quarantine

NRS 441A.600        Petition:

Filing; certificate or statement of alleged infection with or exposure to

communicable disease.

NRS 441A.610        Additional

requirements for petition that is filed after emergency isolation or

quarantine.

NRS 441A.620        Hearing

on petition; notice; release of person before hearing.

NRS 441A.630        Examination

or assessment of person alleged to be infected with or exposed to communicable

disease; protective custody pending hearing; written summary of findings and

evaluation concerning person alleged to be infected with or exposed to

communicable disease.

NRS 441A.640        Evaluation

teams: Establishment; composition; fees.

NRS 441A.650        Proceedings

held in county where persons to conduct examination are available; expense of

proceedings paid by county.

NRS 441A.660        Right

to counsel; compensation of counsel; recess; duties of district attorney.

NRS 441A.670        Testimony.

NRS 441A.680        Right

of person alleged to be infected with or exposed to communicable disease to be

present by telephonic conferencing or videoconferencing and to testify.

NRS 441A.690        Fees

and mileage for witnesses.

NRS 441A.700        Findings

and order; expiration and renewal of isolation or quarantine; alternative

courses of treatment.

NRS 441A.710        Clinical

abstract to accompany order.

NRS 441A.720        Transportation

to public or private medical facility, residence or other safe location.

ENFORCEMENT

NRS 441A.900        Injunction:

Grounds; responsibility for prosecution; authority of court.

NRS 441A.910        Criminal

penalty for violation of chapter.

NRS 441A.920        Criminal

penalty and administrative fine for failure to comply with regulations or

requirements of chapter.

NRS 441A.930        District

attorney to prosecute violators.

_________

_________

GENERAL PROVISIONS

      NRS 441A.010  Definitions.  As

used in this chapter, unless the context otherwise requires, the words and

terms defined in NRS 441A.020 to 441A.115, inclusive, have the meanings ascribed to

them in those sections.

      (Added to NRS by 1989, 294; A 2003, 2206; 2009, 557)

      NRS 441A.020  “Board” defined.  “Board”

means the State Board of Health.

      (Added to NRS by 1989, 294)

      NRS 441A.030  “Child care facility” defined.

      1.  “Child care facility” means:

      (a) An establishment operated and maintained for

the purpose of furnishing care on a temporary or permanent basis, during the

day or overnight, to five or more children under 18 years of age, if

compensation is received for the care of any of those children;

      (b) An on-site child care facility as defined in NRS 432A.0275;

      (c) A child care institution as defined in NRS 432A.0245; or

      (d) An outdoor youth program as defined in NRS 432A.028.

      2.  “Child care facility” does not include:

      (a) The home of a natural parent or guardian,

foster home as defined in NRS 424.014

or maternity home;

      (b) A home in which the only children received,

cared for and maintained are related within the third degree of consanguinity

or affinity by blood, adoption or marriage to the person operating the

facility; or

      (c) A home in which a person provides care for

the children of a friend or neighbor for not more than 4 weeks if the person

who provides the care does not regularly engage in that activity.

      (Added to NRS by 1989, 294; A 1991, 2310; 2011, 1998)

      NRS 441A.040  “Communicable disease” defined.  “Communicable

disease” means a disease which is caused by a specific infectious agent or its

toxic products, and which can be transmitted, either directly or indirectly,

from a reservoir of infectious agents to a susceptible host organism.

      (Added to NRS by 1989, 294)

      NRS 441A.050  “Health authority” defined.  “Health

authority” means the district health officer in a district, or the district

health officer’s designee, or, if none, the Chief Medical Officer, or the Chief

Medical Officer’s designee.

      (Added to NRS by 1989, 294)

      NRS 441A.060  “Health Division” defined.  Repealed.

(See chapter 489, Statutes of Nevada 2013, at page 3071.)

 

      NRS 441A.063  “Infectious disease” defined.  “Infectious

disease” means a disease which is caused by pathogenic microorganisms,

including, without limitation, bacteria, viruses, parasites or fungi, which

spread, either directly or indirectly, from one person to another. The term

includes a communicable disease.

      (Added to NRS by 2009, 554)

      NRS 441A.065  “Isolation” defined.  “Isolation”

means the physical separation and confinement of a person or a group of persons

infected or reasonably believed by a health authority to be infected with a

communicable disease from persons who are not infected with and have not been

exposed to the communicable disease, to limit the transmission of the

communicable disease to persons who are not infected with and have not been

exposed to the communicable disease.

      (Added to NRS by 2003, 2196)

      NRS 441A.070  “Laboratory director” defined.  “Laboratory

director” has the meaning ascribed to it in NRS

652.050.

      (Added to NRS by 1989, 294)

      NRS 441A.080  “Medical facility” defined.  “Medical

facility” has the meaning ascribed to it in NRS

449.0151.

      (Added to NRS by 1989, 294)

      NRS 441A.090  “Medical laboratory” defined.  “Medical

laboratory” has the meaning ascribed to it in NRS 652.060.

      (Added to NRS by 1989, 294)

      NRS 441A.100  “Physician” defined.  “Physician”

is limited to a person licensed to practice medicine pursuant to chapter 630 or 633

of NRS.

      (Added to NRS by 1989, 294)

      NRS 441A.110  “Provider of health care” defined.  “Provider

of health care” means a physician, nurse or veterinarian licensed in accordance

with state law or a physician assistant licensed pursuant to chapter 630 or 633

of NRS.

      (Added to NRS by 1989, 294; A 2001, 781; 2007, 1856)

      NRS 441A.115  “Quarantine” defined.  “Quarantine”

means the physical separation and confinement of a person or a group of persons

exposed to or reasonably believed by a health authority to have been exposed to

a communicable disease who do not yet show any signs or symptoms of being

infected with the communicable disease from persons who are not infected with

and have not been exposed to the communicable disease, to limit the

transmission of the communicable disease to persons who are not infected with

and have not been exposed to the communicable disease.

      (Added to NRS by 2003, 2196)

      NRS 441A.120  Regulations of State Board of Health; performance of duties set

forth in regulations.

      1.  The Board shall adopt regulations

governing the control of communicable diseases in this State, including

regulations specifically relating to the control of such diseases in

educational, medical and correctional institutions. The regulations must

specify:

      (a) The diseases which are known to be

communicable.

      (b) The communicable diseases which are known to

be sexually transmitted.

      (c) The procedures for investigating and

reporting cases or suspected cases of communicable diseases, including the time

within which these actions must be taken.

      (d) For each communicable disease, the procedures

for testing, treating, isolating and quarantining a person or group of persons

who have been exposed to or have or are suspected of having the disease.

      (e) A method for ensuring that any testing,

treatment, isolation or quarantine of a person or a group of persons pursuant

to this chapter is carried out in the least restrictive manner or environment

that is appropriate and acceptable under current medical and public health

practices.

      2.  The duties set forth in the regulations

adopted by the Board pursuant to this section must be performed by:

      (a) In a district in which there is a district

health officer, the district health officer or the district health officer’s

designee; or

      (b) In any other area of the State, the Chief

Medical Officer or the Chief Medical Officer’s designee.

      (Added to NRS by 1989, 294; A 2003, 2206; 2011, 2506)

      NRS 441A.125  Use of syndromic reporting and active surveillance to monitor

public health; regulations.

      1.  The Board shall develop a system which

provides for syndromic reporting and active surveillance to monitor public

health in this state during major events or when determined appropriate and

necessary by a health authority.

      2.  The Board shall adopt regulations

concerning the system it develops pursuant to this section, including, without

limitation:

      (a) The manner in which and situations during which

the system actively gathers information;

      (b) The persons who are required to report

information to the system; and

      (c) The procedures for reporting required

information to the system.

      (Added to NRS by 2003, 2205)

      NRS 441A.130  Chief Medical Officer to inform local health officers of

regulations and procedures.  The

Chief Medical Officer shall inform each local health officer of the regulations

adopted by the Board and the procedures established for investigating and

reporting cases or suspected cases of infectious diseases and cases or

suspected cases of exposure to biological, radiological or chemical agents pursuant

to this chapter.

      (Added to NRS by 1989, 295; A 2009, 557)

      NRS 441A.140  Authority of Division of Public and Behavioral Health to receive

and use financial aid.  The

Division of Public and Behavioral Health of the Department of Health and Human

Services may receive any financial aid made available by any grant or other

source and shall use the aid, in cooperation with the health authority, to

carry out the provisions of this chapter.

      (Added to NRS by 1989, 299; A 2013, 3047)

REPORTING OF OCCURRENCES; INVESTIGATIONS; ACTIONS TO

PROTECT PUBLIC HEALTH AND SAFETY

      NRS 441A.150  Reporting occurrences of communicable diseases to health

authority.

      1.  A provider of health care who knows of,

or provides services to, a person who has or is suspected of having a

communicable disease shall report that fact to the health authority in the

manner prescribed by the regulations of the Board. If no provider of health

care is providing services, each person having knowledge that another person

has a communicable disease shall report that fact to the health authority in

the manner prescribed by the regulations of the Board.

      2.  A medical facility in which more than

one provider of health care may know of, or provide services to, a person who

has or is suspected of having a communicable disease shall establish

administrative procedures to ensure that the health authority is notified.

      3.  A laboratory director shall, in the

manner prescribed by the Board, notify the health authority of the

identification by his or her medical laboratory of the presence of any

communicable disease in the jurisdiction of that health authority. The health

authority shall not presume a diagnosis of a communicable disease on the basis

of the notification received from the laboratory director.

      4.  If more than one medical laboratory is

involved in testing a specimen, the laboratory that is responsible for

reporting the results of the testing directly to the provider of health care

for the patient shall also be responsible for reporting to the health

authority.

      (Added to NRS by 1989, 295)

      NRS 441A.160  Investigation: Powers of health authority to conduct

investigation of communicable disease; order to require person to submit to

examination; order of isolation, quarantine or treatment.

      1.  A health authority who knows, suspects

or is informed of the existence within the jurisdiction of the health authority

of any communicable disease shall immediately investigate the matter and all

circumstances connected with it, and shall take such measures for the

prevention, suppression and control of the disease as are required by the

regulations of the Board or a local board of health.

      2.  A health authority may:

      (a) Enter private property at reasonable hours to

investigate any case or suspected case of a communicable disease.

      (b) Order any person whom the health authority

reasonably suspects has a communicable disease in an infectious state to submit

to any medical examination or test which the health authority believes is

necessary to verify the presence of the disease. The order must be in writing

and specify the name of the person to be examined and the time and place of the

examination and testing, and may include such terms and conditions as the

health authority believes are necessary to protect the public health.

      (c) Except as otherwise provided in subsection 5

and NRS 441A.210, issue an order requiring the

isolation, quarantine or treatment of any person or group of persons if the

health authority believes that such action is necessary to protect the public

health. The order must be in writing and specify the person or group of persons

to be isolated or quarantined, the time during which the order is effective,

the place of isolation or quarantine and other terms and conditions which the

health authority believes are necessary to protect the public health, except

that no isolation or quarantine may take place if the health authority

determines that such action may endanger the life of a person who is isolated

or quarantined.

      3.  Each order issued pursuant to this

section must be served upon each person named in the order by delivering a copy

to him or her.

      4.  If a health authority issues an order

to isolate or quarantine a person with a communicable or infectious disease in

a medical facility, the health authority must isolate or quarantine the person

in the manner set forth in NRS 441A.510 to 441A.720, inclusive.

      5.  Except as otherwise provided in NRS 441A.310 and 441A.380,

a health authority may not issue an order requiring the involuntary treatment

of a person without a court order requiring the person to submit to treatment.

      (Added to NRS by 1989, 295; A 2003, 2206; 2011, 2507)

      NRS 441A.163  Investigation: Powers of health authority to conduct

investigation of infectious disease or exposure to biological, radiological or

chemical agent; reports; regulations.

      1.  Except as otherwise required pursuant

to NRS 441A.160, a health authority may conduct an

investigation of a case or suspected case of:

      (a) An infectious disease within its

jurisdiction; or

      (b) Exposure to a biological, radiological or

chemical agent within its jurisdiction,

Ê which

significantly impairs the health, safety or welfare of the public within its

jurisdiction.

      2.  Each health authority shall:

      (a) Except as otherwise required pursuant to NRS 441A.170, report each week to the Chief Medical

Officer the number and types of cases or suspected cases of infectious diseases

or cases or suspected cases of exposure to biological, radiological or chemical

agents which significantly impair the health, safety or welfare of the public

reported to the health authority, and any other information required by the

regulations of the Board.

      (b) Report the results of an investigation

conducted pursuant to subsection 1 to the Chief Medical Officer within 30 days

after concluding the investigation.

      3.  The Board may adopt regulations to

carry out the provisions of NRS 441A.163 to 441A.169, inclusive.

      (Added to NRS by 2009, 554)

      NRS 441A.165  Investigation: Powers of health authority to access medical

records, laboratory records and other information in possession of health care

provider or medical facility; payment of certain costs related to

investigation.

      1.  A health authority which conducts an

investigation pursuant to NRS 441A.160 or 441A.163 shall, for the protection of the health,

safety and welfare of the public, have access to all medical records,

laboratory records and reports, books and papers relevant to the investigation

which are in the possession of a provider of health care or medical facility

being investigated or which are otherwise necessary to carry out the

investigation. The determination of what information is necessary to carry out

the investigation is at the discretion of the health authority.

      2.  If a health authority conducts an

investigation pursuant to NRS 441A.160 or 441A.163, the health authority may require a provider

of health care or medical facility being investigated to pay a proportionate

share of the actual cost of carrying out the investigation, including, without

limitation, the cost of notifying and testing patients who may have contracted

an infectious disease, been exposed to a biological, radiological or chemical

agent or otherwise been harmed.

      (Added to NRS by 2009, 555)

      NRS 441A.166  Investigation: Subpoena to compel production of medical records,

laboratory records and other information; court order directing witness to

appear for failure to produce.

      1.  Upon petition by a health authority to

the district court for the county in which an investigation is being conducted

by the health authority pursuant to NRS 441A.160

or 441A.163, the court may issue a subpoena to

compel the production of medical records, laboratory records and reports, books

and papers as set forth in NRS 441A.165.

      2.  If a witness refuses to produce any

medical records, laboratory records and reports, books or papers required by a

subpoena issued by a court pursuant to subsection 1, the court shall enter an

order directing the witness to appear before the court at a time and place to

be fixed by the court in its order, the time to be not more than 10 days after

the date of the order, and then and there show cause why the witness has not

produced the medical records, laboratory records and reports, books or papers

before the health authority. A certified copy of the order must be served upon

the witness. The court may enter an order that the witness appear before the

health authority at the time and place fixed in the order and produce the

required medical records, laboratory records and reports, books or papers, and

upon failure to obey the order, the witness must be dealt with as for contempt

of court.

      (Added to NRS by 2009, 555)

      NRS 441A.167  Investigation: Law enforcement agencies and political

subdivisions authorized to share certain information and medical records with

state and local health authorities.

      1.  A public agency, law enforcement agency

or political subdivision of this State which has information that is relevant

to an investigation relating to an infectious disease or exposure to a

biological, radiological or chemical agent which significantly impairs the

health, safety and welfare of the public shall share the information and any

medical records and reports with the appropriate state and local health

authorities if it is in the best interest of the public and as necessary to

further the investigation of the requesting health authority.

      2.  The Board shall adopt regulations to

carry out this section, including, without limitation:

      (a) Identifying the public agencies and political

subdivisions with which the information set forth in subsection 1 may be

shared;

      (b) Prescribing the circumstances and procedures

by which the information may be shared with those identified public agencies

and political subdivisions; and

      (c) Ensuring the confidentiality of the

information if it is protected health information.

      (Added to NRS by 2009, 556)

      NRS 441A.169  Investigation: Powers of health authority to issue cease and

desist order to health care provider or medical facility; injunction.

      1.  During the course of or as a result of

an investigation concerning the case or suspected case of an infectious disease

or the case or suspected case of exposure to a biological, radiological or

chemical agent pursuant to NRS 441A.160 or 441A.163, a health authority may, upon finding that a

provider of health care or medical facility significantly contributed to a case

of an infectious disease or to a case of exposure to a biological, radiological

or chemical agent and that the public health imperatively requires:

      (a) Issue a written order directing the provider

of health care or medical facility to cease and desist any act or conduct which

is harmful to the health, safety or welfare of the public; and

      (b) Take any other action to reduce or eliminate

the harm to the health, safety or welfare of the public.

      2.  A written order directing a provider of

health care or medical facility to cease and desist issued pursuant to

subsection 1 must contain a statement of the:

      (a) Provision of law or regulation which the

provider of health care or medical facility is violating; or

      (b) Standard of care that the provider of health

care or medical facility is violating which led to the case of the infectious

disease or to the case of exposure to a biological, radiological or chemical

agent.

      3.  An order to cease and desist must be

served upon the person or an authorized representative of the facility directly

or by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested. The order becomes

effective upon service.

      4.  An order to cease and desist expires 30

days after the date of service unless the health authority institutes an action

in a court of competent jurisdiction seeking an injunction.

      5.  Upon a showing by the health authority

that a provider of health care or medical facility is committing or is about to

commit an act which is harmful to the health, safety or welfare of the public,

a court of competent jurisdiction may enjoin the provider of health care or

medical facility from committing the act.

      (Added to NRS by 2009, 556)

      NRS 441A.170  Weekly reports to Chief Medical Officer.  Each health authority shall report each week

to the Chief Medical Officer the number and types of cases or suspected cases

of communicable disease reported to the health authority, and any other

information required by the regulations of the Board.

      (Added to NRS by 1989, 299)

      NRS 441A.180  Contagious person to prevent exposure to others; warning by

health authority; penalty.

      1.  A person who has a communicable disease

in an infectious state shall not conduct himself or herself in any manner

likely to expose others to the disease or engage in any occupation in which it

is likely that the disease will be transmitted to others.

      2.  A health authority who has reason to

believe that a person is in violation of subsection 1 shall issue a warning to

that person, in writing, informing the person of the behavior which constitutes

the violation and of the precautions that the person must take to avoid

exposing others to the disease. The warning must be served upon the person by

delivering a copy to him or her.

      3.  A person who violates the provisions of

subsection 1 after service upon him or her of a warning from a health authority

is guilty of a misdemeanor.

      (Added to NRS by 1989, 296)

      NRS 441A.190  Control of disease within schools, child care facilities,

medical facilities and correctional facilities.

      1.  Except as otherwise provided in this

subsection, a health authority who knows of the presence of a communicable

disease within a school, child care facility, medical facility or correctional

facility shall notify the principal, director or other person in charge of the

school, child care facility, medical facility or correctional facility of that

fact and direct what action, if any, must be taken to prevent the spread of the

disease. A health authority who knows of the presence of the human

immunodeficiency virus within a school shall notify the superintendent of the

school district of that fact and direct what action, if any, must be taken to

prevent the spread of the virus.

      2.  Except as otherwise provided in this

subsection, the principal, director or other person in charge of a school,

child care facility, medical facility or correctional facility who knows of or

suspects the presence of a communicable disease within the school, child care

facility, medical facility or correctional facility, shall notify the health

authority pursuant to the regulations of the Board. If a principal of a school

knows of the presence of the human immunodeficiency virus within the school,

the principal shall notify the superintendent of the school district of that

fact. A superintendent of a school district who is notified of or knows of the

presence of the human immunodeficiency virus within a school in the school

district shall notify the health authority of that fact. The health authority

shall investigate a report received pursuant to this subsection to determine

whether a communicable disease or the human immunodeficiency virus is present

and direct what action, if any, must be taken to prevent the spread of the

disease or virus.

      3.  A parent, guardian or person having

custody of a child who has a communicable disease shall not knowingly permit

the child to attend school or a child care facility if the Board, by

regulation, has determined that the disease requires exclusion from school or a

child care facility.

      (Added to NRS by 1989, 296; A 1991, 1340)

      NRS 441A.195  Testing of person or decedent who may have exposed law

enforcement officer, correctional officer, emergency medical attendant,

firefighter, county coroner or medical examiner, person employed by or

volunteering for agency of criminal justice or certain other public employees

or volunteers to communicable disease.

      1.  A law enforcement officer, correctional

officer, emergency medical attendant, firefighter, county coroner or medical

examiner or any of their employees or volunteers, any other person who is

employed by or is a volunteer for an agency of criminal justice or any other

public employee or volunteer for a public agency who, in the course of his or

her official duties, comes into contact with human blood or bodily fluids, or

the employer of such a person or the public agency for which the person

volunteers, may petition a court for an order requiring the testing of a person

or decedent for exposure to a communicable disease if the person or decedent

may have exposed the officer, emergency medical attendant, firefighter, county

coroner or medical examiner or their employee or volunteer, other person

employed by or volunteering for an agency of criminal justice or other public

employee or volunteer for a public agency to a communicable disease.

      2.  When possible, before filing a petition

pursuant to subsection 1, the person, employer or public agency for which the

person volunteers, and who is petitioning shall submit information concerning

the possible exposure to a communicable disease to the designated health care

officer for the employer or public agency or, if there is no designated health

care officer, the person designated by the employer or public agency to

document and verify possible exposure to communicable diseases, for

verification that there was substantial exposure. Each designated health care

officer or person designated by an employer or public agency to document and

verify possible exposure to communicable diseases shall establish guidelines

based on current scientific information to determine substantial exposure.

      3.  A court shall promptly hear a petition

filed pursuant to subsection 1 and determine whether there is probable cause to

believe that a possible transfer of blood or other bodily fluids occurred

between the person who filed the petition or on whose behalf the petition was

filed and the person or decedent who possibly exposed him or her to a

communicable disease. If the court determines that probable cause exists to

believe that a possible transfer of blood or other bodily fluids occurred and,

that a positive result from the test for the presence of a communicable disease

would require the petitioner to seek medical intervention, the court shall:

      (a) Order the person who possibly exposed the

petitioner, or the person on whose behalf the petition was filed, to a

communicable disease to submit two appropriate specimens to a local hospital or

medical laboratory for testing for exposure to a communicable disease; or

      (b) Order that two appropriate specimens be taken

from the decedent who possibly exposed the petitioner, or the person on whose

behalf the petition was filed, to a communicable disease and be submitted to a

local hospital or medical laboratory for testing for exposure to the

communicable disease.

Ê The local

hospital or medical laboratory shall perform the test in accordance with

generally accepted medical practices and shall disclose the results of the test

in the manner set forth in NRS 629.069.

      4.  If a judge or a justice of the peace

enters an order pursuant to this section, the judge or justice of the peace may

authorize the designated health care officer or the person designated by the

employer or public agency to document and verify possible exposure to a

communicable disease to sign the name of the judge or justice of the peace on a

duplicate order. Such a duplicate order shall be deemed to be an order of the

court. As soon as practicable after the duplicate order is signed, the

duplicate order must be returned to the judge or justice of the peace who

authorized the signing of it and must indicate on its face the judge or justice

of the peace to whom it is to be returned. The judge or justice of the peace,

upon receiving the returned order, shall endorse the order with his or her name

and enter the date on which the order was returned. Any failure of the judge or

justice of the peace to make such an endorsement and entry does not in and of

itself invalidate the order.

      5.  Except as otherwise provided in NRS 629.069, all records submitted to the

court in connection with a petition filed pursuant to this section and any

proceedings concerning the petition are confidential and the judge or justice

of the peace shall order the records and any record of the proceedings to be

sealed and to be opened for inspection only upon an order of the court for good

cause shown.

      6.  A court may establish rules to allow a

judge or justice of the peace to conduct a hearing or issue an order pursuant

to this section by electronic or telephonic means.

      7.  The employer of a person or the public

agency for which the person volunteers, who files a petition or on whose behalf

a petition is filed pursuant to this section or the insurer of the employer or

public agency, shall pay the cost of performing the test pursuant to subsection

3.

      8.  As used in this section:

      (a) “Agency of criminal justice” has the meaning

ascribed to it in NRS 179A.030.

      (b) “Emergency medical attendant” means a person

licensed as an attendant or certified as an emergency medical technician,

advanced emergency medical technician or paramedic pursuant to chapter 450B of NRS.

      (Added to NRS by 1999, 1122; A 2005, 328; 2007, 88; 2013, 595, 936)

      NRS 441A.200  Right to receive treatment from physician or clinic of choice;

Board may prescribe method of treatment.  This

chapter does not empower or authorize the health authority or any other person

to interfere in any manner with the right of a person to receive approved

treatment for a communicable disease from any physician, clinic or other person

of his or her choice, but the Board has the power to prescribe the approved

method of treatment to be used by the physician, clinic or other person.

      (Added to NRS by 1989, 298)

      NRS 441A.210  Rights and duties of person who depends exclusively on prayer

for healing.  A person who has a

communicable disease and depends exclusively on prayer for healing in

accordance with the tenets and precepts of any recognized religious sect,

denomination or organization is not required to submit to any medical treatment

required by the provisions of this chapter, but may be isolated or quarantined

in the person’s home or other place of the person’s choice acceptable to the

health authority, and shall comply with all applicable rules, regulations and

orders issued by the health authority.

      (Added to NRS by 1989, 298)

      NRS 441A.220  Confidentiality of information; permissible disclosure.  All information of a personal nature about any

person provided by any other person reporting a case or suspected case of a

communicable disease, or by any person who has a communicable disease, or as

determined by investigation of the health authority, is confidential medical

information and must not be disclosed to any person under any circumstances,

including pursuant to any subpoena, search warrant or discovery proceeding,

except:

      1.  As otherwise provided in NRS 439.538.

      2.  For statistical purposes, provided that

the identity of the person is not discernible from the information disclosed.

      3.  In a prosecution for a violation of

this chapter.

      4.  In a proceeding for an injunction

brought pursuant to this chapter.

      5.  In reporting the actual or suspected

abuse or neglect of a child or elderly person.

      6.  To any person who has a medical need to

know the information for his or her own protection or for the well-being of a

patient or dependent person, as determined by the health authority in

accordance with regulations of the Board.

      7.  If the person who is the subject of the

information consents in writing to the disclosure.

      8.  Pursuant to subsection 4 of NRS 441A.320 or NRS

629.069.

      9.  If the disclosure is made to the

Department of Health and Human Services and the person about whom the

disclosure is made has been diagnosed as having acquired immunodeficiency

syndrome or an illness related to the human immunodeficiency virus and is a

recipient of or an applicant for Medicaid.

      10.  To a firefighter, police officer or

person providing emergency medical services if the Board has determined that

the information relates to a communicable disease significantly related to that

occupation. The information must be disclosed in the manner prescribed by the

Board.

      11.  If the disclosure is authorized or

required by NRS 239.0115 or another

specific statute.

      (Added to NRS by 1989, 299; A 1989, 1476; 1997, 1254; 1999, 1123, 2238, 2245; 2005, 329; 2007, 1277, 1977, 2109)

      NRS 441A.230  Disclosure of personal information prohibited without consent.  Except as otherwise provided in this chapter

and NRS 439.538, a person shall not

make public the name of, or other personal identifying information about, a

person infected with a communicable disease who has been investigated by the

health authority pursuant to this chapter without the consent of the person.

      (Added to NRS by 1989, 300; A 2007, 1978)

SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES

      NRS 441A.240  Duties of health authority.

      1.  The health authority shall control,

prevent, treat and, whenever possible, ensure the cure of sexually transmitted

diseases.

      2.  The health authority shall provide the

materials and curriculum necessary to conduct the educational program provided

for in NRS 209.385 and establish a

program for the certification of persons qualified to provide instruction for

the program.

      (Added to NRS by 1989, 296; A 1989, 1476; 2011, 2508)

      NRS 441A.250  Establishment and support of clinics and dispensaries.  The health authority may establish and provide

financial or other support to such clinics and dispensaries as it believes are

reasonably necessary for the prevention, control, treatment or cure of sexually

transmitted diseases.

      (Added to NRS by 1989, 296; A 2011, 2508)

      NRS 441A.260  Provision of medical supplies and financial aid for treatment of

indigent patients.  If a person in

this state who has a sexually transmitted disease is, in the discretion of the

health authority, unable to afford approved treatment for the disease, the

health authority may provide medical supplies or direct financial aid to any

physician, clinic or dispensary in this state, within the limits of the

available appropriations and any other resources, to be used in the person’s

treatment. A physician, clinic or dispensary that accepts supplies or aid

pursuant to this section shall comply with all conditions prescribed by the

Board relating to the use of the supplies or aid.

      (Added to NRS by 1989, 296; A 2011, 2508)

      NRS 441A.270  Instruction of patients on prevention and treatment of disease.  A physician, clinic or dispensary providing

treatment to a person who has a sexually transmitted disease shall instruct the

person in the methods of preventing the spread of the disease and in the

necessity of systematic and prolonged treatment.

      (Added to NRS by 1989, 296)

      NRS 441A.280  Procedure to ensure that infected person receives adequate

treatment.  A physician who, or

clinic or dispensary which, determines that a person has a sexually transmitted

disease shall encourage and, if necessary, attempt to persuade the person to

submit to medical treatment. Except as otherwise provided in NRS 441A.210, if the person does not submit to

treatment, or does not complete the prescribed course of treatment, the

physician, clinic or dispensary shall notify the health authority who shall

take action to ensure that the person receives adequate treatment for the

disease.

      (Added to NRS by 1989, 297)

      NRS 441A.290  Infected person to report source of infection.  A person who has a sexually transmitted

disease shall, upon request, inform the health authority of the source or

possible source of the infection.

      (Added to NRS by 1989, 297)

      NRS 441A.300  Confinement of person whose conduct may spread acquired

immunodeficiency syndrome.  A

person who is diagnosed as having acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who fails

to comply with a written order of a health authority, or who engages in

behavior through which the disease may be spread to others, is, in addition to

any other penalty imposed pursuant to this chapter, subject to confinement by

order of a court of competent jurisdiction.

      (Added to NRS by 1989, 297)

      NRS 441A.310  Examination and treatment of minor without consent.  Except as otherwise provided in NRS 441A.210, when any minor is suspected of having

or is found to have a sexually transmitted disease, the health authority may

require the minor to undergo examination and treatment, regardless of whether

the minor or either of the minor’s parents consents to the examination and

treatment.

      (Added to NRS by 1989, 297)

      NRS 441A.320  Testing of person alleged to have committed sexual offense;

disclosure of results of test; assistance to victim; payment of expenses.

      1.  If the alleged victim or a witness to a

crime alleges that the crime involved the sexual penetration of the victim’s

body, the health authority shall perform the tests set forth in subsection 2 as

soon as practicable after the arrest of the person alleged to have committed

the crime, but not later than 48 hours after the person is charged with the

crime by indictment or information, unless the person alleged to have committed

the crime is a child who will be adjudicated in juvenile court and then not

later than 48 hours after the petition is filed with the juvenile court

alleging that the child is delinquent for committing such an act.

      2.  If the health authority is required to

perform tests pursuant to subsection 1, it must test a specimen obtained from

the arrested person for exposure to the human immunodeficiency virus and any

commonly contracted sexually transmitted disease, regardless of whether the

person or, if the person is a child, the parent or guardian of the child

consents to providing the specimen. The agency that has custody of the arrested

person shall obtain the specimen and submit it to the health authority for

testing. The health authority shall perform the test in accordance with

generally accepted medical practices.

      3.  In addition to the test performed

pursuant to subsection 2, the health authority shall perform such follow-up

tests for the human immunodeficiency virus as may be deemed medically

appropriate.

      4.  As soon as practicable, the health

authority shall disclose the results of all tests performed pursuant to

subsection 2 or 3 to:

      (a) The victim or to the victim’s parent or

guardian if the victim is a child; and

      (b) The arrested person and, if the person is a

child, to the parent or guardian of the child.

      5.  If the health authority determines,

from the results of a test performed pursuant to subsection 2 or 3, that a

victim of sexual assault may have been exposed to the human immunodeficiency

virus or any commonly contracted sexually transmitted disease, it shall, at the

request of the victim, provide him or her with:

      (a) An examination for exposure to the human

immunodeficiency virus and any commonly contracted sexually transmitted disease

to which the health authority determines the victim may have been exposed;

      (b) Counseling regarding the human

immunodeficiency virus and any commonly contracted sexually transmitted disease

to which the health authority determines the victim may have been exposed; and

      (c) A referral for health care and other

assistance,

Ê as

appropriate.

      6.  If the court in:

      (a) A criminal proceeding determines that a

person has committed a crime; or

      (b) A proceeding conducted pursuant to title 5 of

NRS determines that a child has committed an act which, if committed by an

adult, would have constituted a crime,

Ê involving

the sexual penetration of a victim’s body, the court shall, upon application by

the health authority, order that child or other person to pay any expenses

incurred in carrying out this section with regard to that child or other person

and that victim.

      7.  The Board shall adopt regulations

identifying, for the purposes of this section, sexually transmitted diseases

which are commonly contracted.

      8.  As used in this section:

      (a) “Sexual assault” means a violation of NRS 200.366.

      (b) “Sexual penetration” has the meaning ascribed

to it in NRS 200.364.

      (Added to NRS by 1989, 297; A 1993, 1208; 2003, 1150; 2007, 1278)

      NRS 441A.330  Provision of outpatient care to persons with acquired immune

deficiency syndrome or human immunodeficiency virus related disease.  The health authority may establish such

dispensaries, pharmacies or clinics for outpatient care as it believes are

necessary for the care and treatment of persons who have acquired immune

deficiency syndrome or a human immunodeficiency virus related disease, and

provide those institutions with financial or other assistance. Dispensaries, pharmacies

or clinics which accept financial or other assistance pursuant to this section

shall comply with all conditions prescribed by the Board relating to the use of

that assistance.

      (Added to NRS by 1989, 297; A 2011, 2508)

SERVICES CONCERNING HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS

      NRS 441A.334  “Provider of health care” defined.  As

used in this section and NRS 441A.335 and 441A.336, “provider of health care” means a

physician, nurse or physician assistant licensed in accordance with state law.

      (Added to NRS by 2007, 2174)

      NRS 441A.335  Declaration of legislative intent.  It

is the intent of the Legislature that:

      1.  The State Board of Health, the

Department of Health and Human Services, and all district, county and city

health departments, boards of health and health officers, medical facilities

and providers of health care work together in a collaborative manner to ensure

that testing for the human immunodeficiency virus and related counseling

services are offered in a culturally and linguistically appropriate manner.

      2.  Information pertaining to testing for

the human immunodeficiency virus be reported and maintained in accordance with

existing state and federal privacy laws.

      3.  Information pertaining to cases of the

human immunodeficiency virus not be used for any purpose other than public

health practices, including, without limitation, surveillance and epidemiology.

      (Added to NRS by 2007, 2174)

      NRS 441A.336  Counseling to be provided to person testing positive for human

immunodeficiency virus; topics to be addressed in counseling; referrals to be

provided to person testing positive for human immunodeficiency virus;

regulations.

      1.  Counties, providers of health care and

medical facilities that provide testing for the human immunodeficiency virus

shall provide, or ensure the provision of, to each person who tests positive

for the human immunodeficiency virus, a counseling session that is appropriate

and acceptable under current medical and public health practices, as

recommended by the Board.

      2.  Counseling required pursuant to this

section must address, without limitation:

      (a) The meaning of the positive result of the

test;

      (b) Any follow-up testing for the person;

      (c) Methods for preventing the transmission of

the human immunodeficiency virus;

      (d) Medical treatment available for the person;

      (e) The confidentiality of the result of the

test; and

      (f) Recommended testing for the human

immunodeficiency virus for sexual partners of the person.

      3.  Counties, providers of health care and

medical facilities that provide testing for the human immunodeficiency virus

shall offer to each person who tests positive for the human immunodeficiency

virus:

      (a) Appropriate referrals for future services,

including, without limitation, medical care, mental health care and addiction

services; or

      (b) If unable to provide referrals pursuant to

paragraph (a), referral to the local health authority for a subsequent referral

to providers within the community for future services, including, without

limitation, medical care, mental health care and addiction services.

      4.  The Director of the Department of

Health and Human Services may adopt regulations to carry out the provisions of

this section.

      (Added to NRS by 2007, 2175)

TUBERCULOSIS

      NRS 441A.340  Duties of health authority.  The

health authority shall control, prevent the spread of, and ensure the treatment

and cure of tuberculosis.

      (Added to NRS by 1989, 297; A 2011, 2508)

      NRS 441A.350  Establishment and support of clinics.  The

health authority may establish such clinics as it believes are necessary for

the prevention and control of, and for the treatment and cure of, persons who

have tuberculosis and provide those clinics with financial or other assistance

within the limits of the available appropriations and any other resources.

      (Added to NRS by 1989, 297; A 2011, 2508)

      NRS 441A.360  Provision of medical supplies and financial aid for treatment of

indigent patients.  If a person in

this state who has tuberculosis is, in the discretion of the health authority,

unable to afford approved treatment for the disease, the health authority may

provide medical supplies or direct financial aid, within the limits of the

available appropriations and any other resources, to be used in the person’s

treatment, to any physician, clinic, dispensary or medical facility. A

physician, clinic, dispensary or medical facility that accepts supplies or aid

pursuant to this section shall comply with all conditions prescribed by the

board relating to the use of the supplies or aid.

      (Added to NRS by 1989, 298; A 2011, 2508)

      NRS 441A.370  Contracts with hospitals, clinics and other institutions for

examination and care of patients.

      1.  The health authority shall, by contract

with hospitals, clinics or other institutions in the State, provide for:

      (a) The diagnostic examination, including,

without limitation, laboratory testing of persons who have tuberculosis; and

      (b) Inpatient and outpatient care for persons who

have tuberculosis.

      2.  If adequate facilities for examination

and care are not available in the State, the health authority may contract with

hospitals, clinics or other institutions in other states which do have adequate

facilities.

      (Added to NRS by 1989, 298; A 2011, 2509)

      NRS 441A.380  Treatment of patient for condition related to or as necessary

for control of tuberculosis.  Except

as otherwise provided in NRS 441A.210, a person

who has tuberculosis and is confined to a hospital or other institution

pursuant to the provisions of this chapter must be treated for tuberculosis and

any related condition, and may be treated for any other condition which the

health authority determines is detrimental to his or her health and the

treatment of which is necessary for the effective control of tuberculosis.

      (Added to NRS by 1989, 298; A 2011, 2509)

      NRS 441A.390  Contracts with private physicians to provide outpatient care in

rural areas.  The health authority

may contract with any private physician to provide outpatient care in those

rural areas of the State where, in its determination, patients can best be

treated in that manner.

      (Added to NRS by 1989, 298; A 2011, 2509)

      NRS 441A.400  Inspection of records of facility where patients are treated.  The health authority may inspect and must be

given access to all records of every institution and clinic, both public and

private, where patients who have tuberculosis are treated at public expense.

      (Added to NRS by 1989, 298; A 2011, 2509)

MISCELLANEOUS DISEASES

      NRS 441A.410  Control of rabies.  The

Board shall adopt regulations governing the control of rabies. The regulations

must provide for:

      1.  The periodic inoculation of animals

with approved vaccines.

      2.  The impoundment of animals suspected of

having rabies and the disposition of those animals upon verification of the

presence of the disease.

      3.  Procedures for the treatment of persons

who have been, or are suspected of having been, exposed to rabies.

      (Added to NRS by 1989, 298)

ISOLATION AND QUARANTINE OF PERSON OR GROUP OF PERSONS

General Provisions

      NRS 441A.510  Manner of isolating, quarantining or treating by health

authority; duty to inform person of rights.

      1.  If a health authority isolates,

quarantines or treats a person or group of persons infected with, exposed to,

or reasonably believed by a health authority to have been infected with or

exposed to a communicable disease, the authority must isolate, quarantine or

treat the person or group of persons in the manner set forth in NRS 441A.510 to 441A.720,

inclusive.

      2.  A health authority shall provide each

person whom it isolates or quarantines pursuant to NRS

441A.510 to 441A.720, inclusive, with a

document informing the person of his or her rights. The Board shall adopt

regulations:

      (a) Setting forth the rights of a person who is

isolated or quarantined that must be included in the document provided pursuant

to this subsection; and

      (b) Specifying the time and manner in which the

document must be provided pursuant to this subsection.

      (Added to NRS by 2003, 2196; A 2011, 2509)

      NRS 441A.520  Right of person isolated or quarantined to make and receive

telephone calls and to possess cellular phone; duty to notify spouse or legal

guardian under certain circumstances.

      1.  A person who is isolated or quarantined

pursuant to NRS 441A.510 to 441A.720, inclusive, has the right:

      (a) To make a reasonable number of completed

telephone calls from the place where the person is isolated or quarantined as

soon as reasonably possible after his or her isolation or quarantine; and

      (b) To possess and use a cellular phone or any

other similar means of communication to make and receive calls in the place

where the person is isolated or quarantined.

      2.  If a person who is isolated or

quarantined pursuant to NRS 441A.510 to 441A.720, inclusive, is unconscious or otherwise

unable to communicate because of mental or physical incapacity, the health

authority that isolated or quarantined the person must notify the spouse or

legal guardian of the person by telephone and certified mail. If a person

described in this subsection is isolated or quarantined in a medical facility

and the health authority did not provide the notice required by this

subsection, the medical facility must provide the notice. If the case of a

person described in this subsection is before a court and the health authority,

and medical facility, if any, did not provide the notice required by this

subsection, the court must provide the notice.

      (Added to NRS by 2003, 2197; A 2011, 2509)

      NRS 441A.530  Right to refuse treatment and not submit to involuntary

treatment; exception.  A person who

is isolated or quarantined pursuant to NRS 441A.510

to 441A.720, inclusive, has the right to refuse

treatment and may not be required to submit to involuntary treatment unless a

court issues an order requiring the person to submit to treatment.

      (Added to NRS by 2003, 2197; A 2011, 2510)

Emergency Isolation or Quarantine

      NRS 441A.540  Restrictions on change of status from voluntary isolation or

quarantine to emergency isolation or quarantine; rights of person whose status

is changed.

      1.  If a person infected with or exposed to

a communicable disease is voluntarily isolated or quarantined in a public or

private medical facility, the facility shall not change the status of the

person to an emergency isolation or quarantine unless, before the change in

status is made:

      (a) The facility provides:

             (1) An application to a health authority

for an emergency isolation or quarantine pursuant to NRS

441A.560; and

             (2) The certificate of a health authority,

physician, physician assistant licensed pursuant to chapter 630 or 633

of NRS or registered nurse to a health authority pursuant to NRS 441A.570; or

      (b) The facility receives an order for isolation

or quarantine issued by a health authority.

      2.  A person whose status is changed to an

emergency isolation or quarantine pursuant to subsection 1:

      (a) Must not be detained in excess of 48 hours

after the change in status is made, unless within that period a written

petition is filed by a health authority with the clerk of the district court

pursuant to NRS 441A.600; and

      (b) May, immediately after the person’s status is

changed, seek an injunction or other appropriate process in district court

challenging his or her detention.

      3.  If the period specified in subsection 2

expires on a day on which the office of the clerk of the district court is not

open, the written petition must be filed on or before the close of the business

day next following the expiration of that period.

      4.  Nothing in this section limits the

actions that a public or private medical facility may take to prevent or limit

the transmission of communicable diseases within the medical facility,

including, without limitation, practices for the control of infections.

      (Added to NRS by 2003, 2197; A 2007, 1856)

      NRS 441A.550  Detention for testing, examination, observation and consensual

medical treatment; limitation on time; rights of person detained; extension of

time.

      1.  Any person or group of persons alleged

to have been infected with or exposed to a communicable disease may be detained

in a public or private medical facility, a residence or other safe location

under emergency isolation or quarantine for testing, examination, observation

and the provision of or arrangement for the provision of consensual medical

treatment in the manner set forth in NRS 441A.510

to 441A.720, inclusive, and subject to the

provisions of subsection 2:

      (a) Upon application to a health authority

pursuant to NRS 441A.560;

      (b) Upon order of a health authority; or

      (c) Upon voluntary consent of the person, parent

of a minor person or legal guardian of the person.

      2.  Except as otherwise provided in

subsection 3, 4 or 5, a person voluntarily or involuntarily isolated or

quarantined under subsection 1 must be released within 72 hours, including

weekends and holidays, from the time of the admission of the person to a

medical facility or isolation or quarantine in a residence or other safe

location, unless within that period:

      (a) The additional voluntary consent of the

person, the parent of a minor person or a legal guardian of the person is

obtained;

      (b) A written petition for an involuntary

court-ordered isolation or quarantine is filed with the clerk of the district

court pursuant to NRS 441A.600, including, without

limitation, the documents required pursuant to NRS

441A.610; or

      (c) The status of the person is changed to a

voluntary isolation or quarantine.

      3.  A person who is involuntarily isolated

or quarantined under subsection 1 may, immediately after the person is isolated

or quarantined, seek an injunction or other appropriate process in district

court challenging his or her detention.

      4.  If the period specified in subsection 2

expires on a day on which the office of the clerk of the district court is not

open, the written petition must be filed on or before the close of the business

day next following the expiration of that period.

      5.  During a state of emergency or

declaration of disaster regarding public health proclaimed by the Governor or

the Legislature pursuant to NRS 414.070,

a health authority may, before the expiration of the period of 72 hours set

forth in subsection 2, petition, with affidavits supporting its request, a

district court for an order finding that a reasonably foreseeable immediate

threat to the health of the public requires the 72-hour period of time to be

extended for no longer than the court deems necessary for available

governmental resources to investigate, file and prosecute the relevant written

petitions for involuntary court-ordered isolation or quarantine pursuant to NRS 441A.510 to 441A.720,

inclusive.

      (Added to NRS by 2003, 2198; A 2011, 2510)

      NRS 441A.560  Procedure for isolation or quarantine.

      1.  An application to a health authority

for an order of emergency isolation or quarantine of a person or a group of

persons alleged to have been infected with or exposed to a communicable disease

may only be made by another health authority, a physician, a physician

assistant licensed pursuant to chapter 630 or

633 of NRS, a registered nurse or a medical

facility by submitting the certificate required by NRS

441A.570. Within its jurisdiction, upon application or on its own, subject

to the provisions of NRS 441A.510 to 441A.720, inclusive, a health authority may:

      (a) Pursuant to its own order and without a

warrant:

             (1) Take a person or group of persons

alleged to and reasonably believed by the health authority to have been

infected with or exposed to a communicable disease into custody in any safe

location under emergency isolation or quarantine for testing, examination,

observation and the provision of or arrangement for the provision of consensual

medical treatment; and

             (2) Transport the person or group of

persons alleged to and reasonably believed by the health authority to have been

infected with or exposed to a communicable disease to a public or private

medical facility, a residence or other safe location for that purpose, or

arrange for the person or group of persons to be transported for that purpose

by:

                   (I) A local law enforcement agency;

                   (II) A system for the nonemergency

medical transportation of persons whose operation is authorized by the Nevada

Transportation Authority; or

                   (III) If medically necessary, an

ambulance service that holds a permit issued pursuant to the provisions of chapter 450B of NRS,

Ê only if the

health authority acting in good faith has, based upon personal observation, its

own epidemiological investigation or an epidemiological investigation by

another health authority, a physician, a physician assistant licensed pursuant

to chapter 630 or 633 of NRS or a registered nurse as stated in a

certificate submitted pursuant to NRS 441A.570, if

such a certificate was submitted, of the person or group of persons alleged to

have been infected with or exposed to a communicable disease, a reasonable

factual and medical basis to believe that the person or group of persons has

been infected with or exposed to a communicable disease, and that because of

the risks of that disease, the person or group of persons is likely to be an

immediate threat to the health of members of the public who have not been

infected with or exposed to the communicable disease.

      (b) Petition a district court for an emergency

order requiring:

             (1) Any health authority or peace officer

to take a person or group of persons alleged to have been infected with or

exposed to a communicable disease into custody to allow the health authority to

investigate, file and prosecute a petition for the involuntary court-ordered

isolation or quarantine of the person or group of persons alleged to have been

infected with or exposed to a communicable disease in the manner set forth in NRS 441A.510 to 441A.720,

inclusive; and

             (2) Any agency, system or service

described in subparagraph (2) of paragraph (a) to transport, in accordance with

such court order, the person or group of persons alleged to have been infected

with or exposed to a communicable disease to a public or private medical

facility, a residence or other safe location for that purpose.

      2.  The district court may issue an

emergency order for isolation or quarantine pursuant to paragraph (b) of

subsection 1:

      (a) Only for the time deemed necessary by the

court to allow a health authority to investigate, file and prosecute each

petition for involuntary court-ordered isolation or quarantine pursuant to NRS 441A.510 to 441A.720,

inclusive; and

      (b) Only if it is satisfied that there is

probable cause to believe that the person or group of persons alleged to have

been infected with or exposed to a communicable disease has been infected with

or exposed to a communicable disease, and that because of the risks of that

disease, the person or group of persons is likely to be an immediate threat to

the health of the public.

      (Added to NRS by 2003, 2198; A 2007, 1857; 2011, 2511)

      NRS 441A.570  Certificate of another health authority or physician, licensed

physician assistant or registered nurse required.  A

health authority shall not accept an application for an emergency isolation or

quarantine under NRS 441A.560 unless that

application is accompanied by a certificate of another health authority or a

physician, physician assistant licensed pursuant to chapter 630 or 633

of NRS or registered nurse stating that he or she has examined the person or

group of persons alleged to have been infected with or exposed to a

communicable disease or has investigated the circumstances of potential

infection or exposure regarding the person or group of persons alleged to have

been infected with or exposed to a communicable disease and that he or she has

concluded that the person or group of persons has been infected with or exposed

to a communicable disease, and that because of the risks of that disease, the

person or group of persons is likely to be an immediate threat to the health of

the public. The certificate required by this section may be obtained from a

physician, physician assistant licensed pursuant to chapter 630 or 633

of NRS or registered nurse who is employed by the public or private medical

facility in which the person or group of persons is admitted or detained and

from the facility from which the application is made.

      (Added to NRS by 2003, 2200; A 2007, 1858)

      NRS 441A.580  Requirements for and limitations on applications and

certificates.

      1.  No application or certificate

authorized under NRS 441A.560 or 441A.570 may be considered if made by a person on

behalf of a medical facility or by a health authority, physician, physician

assistant licensed pursuant to chapter 630 or

633 of NRS or registered nurse who is related

by blood or marriage to the person alleged to have been infected with or

exposed to a communicable disease, or who is financially interested, in a

manner that would be prohibited pursuant to NRS 439B.425 if the application or

certificate were deemed a referral, in a medical facility in which the person alleged

to have been infected with or exposed to a communicable disease is to be

detained.

      2.  No application or certificate of any

health authority or person authorized under NRS

441A.560 or 441A.570 may be considered unless

it is based on personal observation, examination or epidemiological

investigation of the person or group of persons alleged to have been infected

with or exposed to a communicable disease made by such health authority or

person not more than 72 hours before the making of the application or

certificate. The certificate must set forth in detail the facts and reasons on

which the health authority or person who submitted the certificate pursuant to NRS 441A.570 based his or her opinions and

conclusions.

      (Added to NRS by 2003, 2200; A 2007, 1859)

      NRS 441A.590  Additional notice to spouse or legal guardian.  In addition to any notice required pursuant to

NRS 441A.520, within 24 hours after a person’s

involuntary admission into a public or private medical facility under emergency

isolation or quarantine, the administrative officer of the public or private

medical facility shall reasonably attempt to ascertain the identification and

location of the spouse or legal guardian of that person and, if reasonably possible,

mail notice of the admission by certified mail to the spouse or legal guardian

of that person.

      (Added to NRS by 2003, 2200)

Involuntary Court-Ordered Isolation or Quarantine

      NRS 441A.600  Petition: Filing; certificate or statement of alleged infection

with or exposure to communicable disease.  A

proceeding for an involuntary court-ordered isolation or quarantine of any

person in this State may be commenced by a health authority filing a petition

with the clerk of the district court of the county where the person is to be

isolated or quarantined. The petition may be pled in the alternative for both

isolation and quarantine, if required by developing or changing facts, and must

be accompanied:

      1.  By a certificate of a health authority

or a physician, a physician assistant licensed pursuant to chapter 630 or 633

of NRS or a registered nurse stating that he or she has examined the person

alleged to have been infected with or exposed to a communicable disease or has

investigated the circumstances of potential infection or exposure regarding the

person alleged to have been infected with or exposed to a communicable disease

and has concluded that the person has been infected with or exposed to a

communicable disease, and that because of the risks of that disease, the person

is likely to be an immediate threat to the health of the public; or

      2.  By a sworn written statement by the

health authority that:

      (a) The health authority has, based upon its

personal observation of the person alleged to have been infected with or

exposed to a communicable disease, or its epidemiological investigation of the

circumstances of potential infection or exposure regarding the person alleged

to have been infected with or exposed to a communicable disease, a reasonable

factual and medical basis to believe that the person has been infected with or

exposed to a communicable disease and, that because of the risks of that

disease, the person is likely to be an immediate threat to the health of the

public; and

      (b) The person alleged to have been infected with

or exposed to a communicable disease has refused to submit to voluntary

isolation or quarantine, examination, testing, or treatment known to control or

resolve the transmission of the communicable disease.

      (Added to NRS by 2003, 2200; A 2007, 1859)

      NRS 441A.610  Additional requirements for petition that is filed after

emergency isolation or quarantine.  In

addition to the requirements of NRS 441A.600, a

petition filed pursuant to that section with the clerk of the district court to

commence proceedings for involuntary court-ordered isolation or quarantine of a

person pursuant to NRS 441A.540 or 441A.550 must include a certified copy of:

      1.  If an application for an order of

emergency isolation or quarantine of the person was made pursuant to NRS 441A.560, the application for the emergency

isolation or quarantine of the person made to the petitioning health authority

pursuant to NRS 441A.560; and

      2.  A petition executed by a health

authority, including, without limitation, a sworn statement that:

      (a) The health authority or a physician,

physician assistant licensed pursuant to chapter

630 or 633 of NRS or registered nurse who

submitted a certificate pursuant to NRS 441A.570,

if such a certificate was submitted, has examined the person alleged to have

been infected with or exposed to a communicable disease;

      (b) In the opinion of the health authority, there

is a reasonable degree of certainty that the person alleged to have been

infected with or exposed to a communicable disease is currently capable of

transmitting the disease, or is likely to become capable of transmitting the

disease in the near future;

      (c) Based on either the health authority’s

personal observation of the person alleged to have been infected with or

exposed to the communicable disease or the health authority’s epidemiological

investigation of the circumstances of potential infection or exposure regarding

the person alleged to have been infected with or exposed to the communicable

disease, and on other facts set forth in the petition, the person likely poses

an immediate threat to the health of the public; and

      (d) In the opinion of the health authority,

involuntary isolation or quarantine of the person alleged to have been infected

with or exposed to a communicable disease to a public or private medical

facility, residence or other safe location is necessary to prevent the person

from immediately threatening the health of the public.

      (Added to NRS by 2003, 2201; A 2007, 1859)

      NRS 441A.620  Hearing on petition; notice; release of person before hearing.

      1.  Immediately after receiving any

petition filed pursuant to NRS 441A.600 or 441A.610, the clerk of the district court shall

transmit the petition to the appropriate district judge, who shall set a time,

date and place for its hearing. The date must be within 5 judicial days after

the date on which the petition is received by the clerk.

      2.  The court shall give notice of the

petition and of the time, date and place of any proceedings thereon to the

subject of the petition, his or her attorney, if known, the petitioner and the

administrative office of any public or private medical facility in which the

subject of the petition is detained.

      3.  The provisions of this section do not

preclude a health authority from ordering the release from isolation or

quarantine of a person before the time set pursuant to this section for the

hearing concerning the person, if appropriate.

      4.  After the filing of a petition pursuant

to NRS 441A.600 or 441A.610

and before any court-ordered involuntary isolation or quarantine, a health

authority shall file notice with the court of any order of the health authority

issued after the petition was filed to release the person from emergency

isolation or quarantine, upon which the court may dismiss the petition without

prejudice.

      (Added to NRS by 2003, 2202)

      NRS 441A.630  Examination or assessment of person alleged to be infected with

or exposed to communicable disease; protective custody pending hearing; written

summary of findings and evaluation concerning person alleged to be infected with

or exposed to communicable disease.

      1.  After the filing of a petition to

commence proceedings for the involuntary court-ordered isolation or quarantine

of a person pursuant to NRS 441A.600 or 441A.610, the court shall promptly cause two or more

physicians or physician assistants licensed pursuant to chapter 630 or 633

of NRS, at least one of whom must always be a physician, to either examine the

person alleged to have been infected with or exposed to a communicable disease

or assess the likelihood that the person alleged to have been infected with or

exposed to a communicable disease has been so infected or exposed.

      2.  To conduct the examination or

assessment of a person who is not being detained at a public or private medical

facility, residence or other safe location under emergency isolation or

quarantine pursuant to the emergency order of a health authority or court made

pursuant to NRS 441A.550 or 441A.560, the court may order a peace officer to take

the person into protective custody and transport the person to a public or

private medical facility, residence or other safe location where the person may

be detained until a hearing is held upon the petition.

      3.  If the person is being detained at his

or her home or other place of residence under an emergency order of a health

authority or court pursuant to NRS 441A.550 or 441A.560, the person may be allowed to remain in his

or her home or other place of residence pending an ordered assessment,

examination or examinations and to return to his or her home or other place of

residence upon completion of the assessment, examination or examinations if

such remaining or returning would not constitute an immediate threat to others

residing in his or her home or place of residence.

      4.  Each physician and physician assistant

licensed pursuant to chapter 630 or 633 of NRS who examines or assesses a person

pursuant to subsection 1 shall, not later than 24 hours before the hearing set

pursuant to NRS 441A.620, submit to the court in

writing a summary of his or her findings and evaluation regarding the person

alleged to have been infected with or exposed to a communicable disease.

      (Added to NRS by 2003, 2202; A 2007, 1860)

      NRS 441A.640  Evaluation teams: Establishment; composition; fees.

      1.  The health authority shall establish

such evaluation teams as are necessary to aid the courts under NRS 441A.630 and 441A.700.

      2.  Each team must be composed of at least

two physicians, or at least one physician and one physician assistant licensed

pursuant to chapter 630 or 633 of NRS.

      3.  Fees for the evaluations must be

established and collected as set forth in NRS 441A.650.

      (Added to NRS by 2003, 2203; A 2007, 1861; 2011, 2512)

      NRS 441A.650  Proceedings held in county where persons to conduct examination

are available; expense of proceedings paid by county.

      1.  In counties where the examining

personnel required pursuant to NRS 441A.630 are

not available, proceedings for involuntary court-ordered isolation or

quarantine shall be conducted in the nearest county having such examining

personnel available in order that there be minimum delay.

      2.  The entire expense of proceedings for

involuntary court-ordered isolation or quarantine shall be paid by the county

in which the application is filed.

      (Added to NRS by 2003, 2203)

      NRS 441A.660  Right to counsel; compensation of counsel; recess; duties of

district attorney.

      1.  The person alleged to have been

infected with or exposed to a communicable disease, or any relative or friend

on behalf of the person, is entitled to retain counsel to represent the person

in any proceeding before the district court relating to involuntary

court-ordered isolation or quarantine, and if the person fails or refuses to

obtain counsel, the court shall advise the person and his or her guardian or

next of kin, if known, of the right to counsel and shall appoint counsel, who

may be the public defender or his or her deputy.

      2.  Any counsel appointed pursuant to

subsection 1 must be awarded compensation by the court for his or her services

in an amount determined by the court to be fair and reasonable. Except as

otherwise provided in this subsection, the compensation must be charged against

the estate of the person for whom the counsel was appointed or, if the person

is indigent, against the county in which the application for involuntary

court-ordered isolation or quarantine was filed. In any proceeding before the district

court relating to involuntary court-ordered isolation or quarantine, if the

person for whom counsel was appointed is challenging his or her isolation or

quarantine or any condition of such isolation or quarantine and the person

succeeds in his or her challenge, the compensation must be charged against the

county in which the application for involuntary court-ordered isolation or

quarantine was filed.

      3.  The court shall, at the request of

counsel representing the person alleged to have been infected with or exposed

to a communicable disease in proceedings before the court relating to

involuntary court-ordered isolation or quarantine, grant a recess in the

proceedings for the shortest time possible, but for not more than 5 days, to

give the counsel an opportunity to prepare his or her case.

      4.  Each district attorney or his or her

deputy shall appear and represent the State in all involuntary court-ordered

isolation or quarantine proceedings in his or her county. The district attorney

is responsible for the presentation of evidence, if any, in support of the

involuntary court-ordered isolation or quarantine of a person to a medical

facility, residence or other safe location in proceedings held pursuant to NRS 441A.600 or 441A.610.

      (Added to NRS by 2003, 2203)

      NRS 441A.670  Testimony.  In

proceedings for involuntary court-ordered isolation or quarantine, the court

shall hear and consider all relevant testimony, including, but not limited to,

the testimony of examining personnel who participated in the evaluation of the

person alleged to have been infected with or exposed to a communicable disease

and the certificates, if any, of a health authority or a physician, physician

assistant licensed pursuant to chapter 630 or

633 of NRS or registered nurse accompanying

the petition.

      (Added to NRS by 2003, 2203; A 2007, 1861)

      NRS 441A.680  Right of person alleged to be infected with or exposed to

communicable disease to be present by telephonic conferencing or

videoconferencing and to testify.

      1.  In proceedings for an involuntary

court-ordered isolation or quarantine, the person with respect to whom the

proceedings are held has the right:

      (a) To be present by live telephonic conferencing

or videoconferencing; and

      (b) To testify in his or her own behalf, to the

extent that the court determines that the person is able to do so without

endangering the health of others.

      2.  A person who is alleged to have been

infected with or exposed to a communicable disease does not have the right to

be physically present during the proceedings if such person, if present in the

courtroom, would likely pose an immediate threat to the health of the judge or

the staff or officers of the court.

      (Added to NRS by 2003, 2204)

      NRS 441A.690  Fees and mileage for witnesses.  Witnesses

subpoenaed under the provisions of NRS 441A.510 to

441A.720, inclusive, shall be paid the same fees

and mileage as are paid to witnesses in the courts of the State of Nevada.

      (Added to NRS by 2003, 2204; A 2011, 2512)

      NRS 441A.700  Findings and order; expiration and renewal of isolation or

quarantine; alternative courses of treatment.

      1.  If the district court finds, after

proceedings for the involuntary court-ordered isolation or quarantine of a

person to a public or private medical facility, residence or other safe

location:

      (a) That there is not clear and convincing evidence

that the person with respect to whom the hearing was held has been infected

with or exposed to a communicable disease or is likely to be an immediate

threat to the health of the public, the court shall enter its finding to that

effect and the person must not be involuntarily detained in such a facility,

residence or other safe location.

      (b) That there is clear and convincing evidence

that the person with respect to whom the hearing was held has been infected

with or exposed to a communicable disease and, because of that disease, is

likely to be an immediate threat to the health of the public, the court may

order the involuntary isolation or quarantine of the person and may order the

most appropriate course of treatment after considering the rights of the person

and the desires of the person concerning treatment and vaccination, including,

without limitation, the tenets of the person’s religion and the tenets of any

group or organization of which the person is a member, the rights set forth in NRS 441A.210, the rights set forth in NRS 441A.520, the right to counsel set forth in NRS 441A.660, and the right of a person to challenge

his or her isolation or quarantine or any condition of such isolation or

quarantine. The order of the court must be interlocutory and must not become

final if, within 14 days after the court orders the involuntary isolation or

quarantine, the person is unconditionally released by a health authority from

the medical facility, residence or other safe location.

      2.  An involuntary isolation or quarantine

pursuant to paragraph (b) of subsection 1 automatically expires at the end of

30 days if not terminated previously by a health authority. At the end of the

court-ordered period of isolation or quarantine, the health authority may

petition to renew the detention of the person for additional periods which each

must not exceed the shorter of 120 days or either, if the person is isolated,

the period of time which the health authority expects the person will be

infectious with the communicable disease or, if the person is quarantined, the

period of time which the health authority determines is necessary to determine

whether the person has been infected with the communicable disease. For each

renewal, the petition must set forth to the court specific reasons why further

isolation or quarantine is appropriate and that the person likely poses an

ongoing immediate threat to the health of the public. If the court finds in

considering a petition for renewal that the person is noncompliant with a

court-ordered measure to control or resolve the risk of transmitting the

communicable disease, it may order the continued isolation and treatment of the

person for any period of time the court deems necessary to resolve the

immediate and ongoing risk of the person transmitting the disease.

      3.  Before issuing an order for involuntary

isolation or quarantine or a renewal thereof, the court shall explore other

alternative courses of isolation, quarantine and treatment within the least

restrictive appropriate environment as suggested by the evaluation team who

evaluated the person, or other persons professionally qualified in the field of

communicable diseases, which the court believes may be in the best interests of

the person.

      (Added to NRS by 2003, 2204)

      NRS 441A.710  Clinical abstract to accompany order.  The

order for involuntary court isolation or quarantine of any person to a medical

facility, public or private, must be accompanied by a clinical abstract,

including a history of illness, diagnosis and treatment, and the names of

relatives or correspondents.

      (Added to NRS by 2003, 2205)

      NRS 441A.720  Transportation to public or private medical facility, residence

or other safe location.  When any

involuntary court isolation or quarantine is ordered under the provisions of NRS 441A.510 to 441A.720,

inclusive, the involuntarily isolated or quarantined person, together with the

court orders, any certificates of the health authorities, physicians, physician

assistants licensed pursuant to chapter 630

or 633 of NRS or registered nurses, the written

summary of the evaluation team and a full and complete transcript of the notes

of the official reporter made at the examination of such person before the

court, must be delivered to the sheriff of the appropriate county who must be

ordered to:

      1.  Transport the person; or

      2.  Arrange for the person to be

transported by:

      (a) A system for the nonemergency medical

transportation of persons whose operation is authorized by the Nevada

Transportation Authority; or

      (b) If medically necessary, an ambulance service

that holds a permit issued pursuant to the provisions of chapter 450B of NRS,

Ê to the

appropriate public or private medical facility, residence or other safe

location.

      (Added to NRS by 2003, 2205; A 2007, 1861; 2011, 2512)

ENFORCEMENT

      NRS 441A.900  Injunction: Grounds; responsibility for prosecution; authority

of court.

      1.  A person who refuses to:

      (a) Comply with any regulation of the Board

relating to the control of a communicable disease;

      (b) Comply with any provision of this chapter;

      (c) Submit to approved treatment or examination

required or authorized by this chapter;

      (d) Provide any information required by this

chapter; or

      (e) Perform any duty imposed by this chapter,

Ê may be

enjoined by a court of competent jurisdiction.

      2.  An action for an injunction pursuant to

this section must be prosecuted by the Attorney General, any district attorney

or any private legal counsel retained by a local board of health in the name of

and upon the complaint of the health authority.

      3.  The court in which an injunction is

sought may make any order reasonably necessary to carry out the purpose or

intent of any provision of this chapter or to compel compliance with any

regulation of the Board or order of the health authority relating to the

control of a communicable disease.

      (Added to NRS by 1989, 299)—(Substituted

in revision for NRS 441A.420)

      NRS 441A.910  Criminal penalty for violation of chapter.  Except as otherwise provided, every person who

violates any provision of this chapter is guilty of a misdemeanor.

      (Added to NRS by 1989, 300)—(Substituted

in revision for NRS 441A.430)

      NRS 441A.920  Criminal penalty and administrative fine for failure to comply

with regulations or requirements of chapter.  Every

provider of health care, medical facility or medical laboratory that willfully

fails, neglects or refuses to comply with any regulation of the Board relating

to the reporting of a communicable disease or any requirement of this chapter

is guilty of a misdemeanor and, in addition, may be subject to an administrative

fine of $1,000 for each violation, as determined by the Board.

      (Added to NRS by 1989, 300)—(Substituted

in revision for NRS 441A.440)

      NRS 441A.930  District attorney to prosecute violators.  The district attorney of the county in which

any violation of this chapter occurs shall prosecute the person responsible for

the violation.

      (Added to NRS by 1989, 300)—(Substituted

in revision for NRS 441A.450)