22 USC Ch. 54: PRIVATE ORGANIZATION ASSISTANCE
From Title 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE
CHAPTER 54—PRIVATE ORGANIZATION ASSISTANCE
SUBCHAPTER I—THE ASIA FOUNDATION
Sec.
4401.
Findings.
4402.
Grants; authorization; purposes; terms and conditions; deposit of interest.
4403.
Funding.
SUBCHAPTER II—NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY
4411.
Findings; statement of purposes.
4412.
Grants to the Endowment.
4413.
Eligibility of the Endowment for grants.
4414.
Requirements relating to the Endowment and its grantees.
4415.
Freedom of information.
4416.
Retention of interest.
SUBCHAPTER I—THE ASIA FOUNDATION
§4401. Findings
The Congress finds that—
(1) The Asia Foundation, a private nonprofit corporation incorporated in 1954 in the State of California, has long been active in promoting Asian-American friendship and cooperation and in lending encouragement and assistance to Asians in their own efforts to develop more open, more just, and more democratic societies;
(2) The Asia Foundation's commitment to strengthening indigenous Asian institutions which further stable national development, constructive social change, equitable economic growth, and cooperative international relationships is fully consistent with and supportive of long-term United States interests in Asia;
(3) The Asia Foundation, as a private organization, is able to conduct programs in response to Asian initiatives that would be difficult or impossible for an official United States instrumentality, and it is in a position in Asia to respond quickly and flexibly to meet new opportunities;
(4) in recognition of the valuable contributions of The Asia Foundation to long-range United States foreign policy interests, the United States Government has, through a variety of agencies, provided financial support for The Asia Foundation; and
(5) it is in the interest of the United States, and the further strengthening of Asian-American friendship and cooperation, to establish a more permanent mechanism for United States Government financial support for the ongoing activities of The Asia Foundation, while preserving the independent character of the Foundation.
(Pub. L. 98–164, title IV, §402, Nov. 22, 1983, 97 Stat. 1038.)
Short Title
Pub. L. 98–164, title IV, §401, Nov. 22, 1983, 97 Stat. 1038, provided that: "This title [enacting this subchapter] may be cited as 'The Asia Foundation Act'."
For short title of title V of Pub. L. 98–164, which enacted subchapter II of this chapter, as the "National Endowment for Democracy Act", see section 501 of Pub. L. 98–164, set out as a Short Title note under section 4411 of this title.
§4402. Grants; authorization; purposes; terms and conditions; deposit of interest
(a) The Secretary of State shall make an annual grant to The Asia Foundation with the funds made available under section 4403 of this title. Such grants shall be in general support of the Foundation's programs and operations. The terms and conditions of grants pursuant to this section shall be set forth in a grant agreement between the Secretary of State and The Asia Foundation.
(b) If funds made available to The Asia Foundation pursuant to this subchapter or pursuant to any other provision of law are, with the permission of the head of the Federal agency making the funds available, invested by the Foundation or any of its subgrantees pending disbursement, the resulting interest is not required to be deposited in the United States Treasury if that interest is used for the purposes for which the funds were made available.
(Pub. L. 98–164, title IV, §403, Nov. 22, 1983, 97 Stat. 1038.)
§4403. Funding
There is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of State $15,000,000 for the fiscal year 2003 for grants to The Asia Foundation pursuant to this subchapter.
(Pub. L. 98–164, title IV, §404, Nov. 22, 1983, 97 Stat. 1039; Pub. L. 99–93, title IV, §401, Aug. 16, 1985, 99 Stat. 437; Pub. L. 100–204, title VI, §601, Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1383; Pub. L. 101–246, title V, §501, Feb. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 73; Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. B, title XXI, §2103, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–803; Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, §1000(a)(7) [div. A, title I, §105], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1536, 1501A-414; Pub. L. 107–228, div. A, title I, §116, Sept. 30, 2002, 116 Stat. 1360.)
Amendments
2002—Pub. L. 107–228 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section read as follows: "There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of State $15,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2000 and 2001 for grants to The Asia Foundation pursuant to this subchapter."
1999—Pub. L. 106–113 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section read as follows: "There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of State $10,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 1998 and 1999 for grants to The Asia Foundation pursuant to this subchapter."
1998—Pub. L. 105–277 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section read as follows:
"(a) Authorization of Appropriations.—There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of State $13,900,000 for the fiscal year 1990 and $18,000,000 for the fiscal year 1991 for grants to The Asia Foundation pursuant to this subchapter.
"(b) Allocation of Funds.—Of amounts authorized to be appropriated under subsection (a) of this section, $1,324,000 for the fiscal year 1990 and $1,324,000 for the fiscal year 1991 shall be available only for the expansion of programs and services (including the establishment of a field office) for Oceania, comprised of Polynesia, Micronesia, and Melanesia."
1990—Pub. L. 101–246 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section read as follows: "There is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of State $13,700,000 for the fiscal year 1988 and $15,000,000 for the fiscal year 1989 for grants to the Asia Foundation pursuant to this subchapter."
1987—Pub. L. 100–204 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section read as follows: "There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of State $10,500,000 for each of the fiscal years 1986 and 1987 for grants to The Asia Foundation pursuant to this subchapter."
1985—Pub. L. 99–93 amended section generally, substituting "$10,500,000 for each of the fiscal years 1986 and 1987" for "$5,000,000 for the fiscal year 1983, $10,000,000 for the fiscal year 1984, and $10,000,000 for the fiscal year 1985".
SUBCHAPTER II—NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY
§4411. Findings; statement of purposes
(a) The Congress finds that there has been established in the District of Columbia a private, nonprofit corporation known as the National Endowment for Democracy (hereafter in this subchapter referred to as the "Endowment") which is not an agency or establishment of the United States Government.
(b) The purposes of the Endowment, as set forth in its articles of incorporation, are—
(1) to encourage free and democratic institutions throughout the world through private sector initiatives, including activities which promote the individual rights and freedoms (including internationally recognized human rights) which are essential to the functioning of democratic institutions;
(2) to facilitate exchanges between United States private sector groups (especially the two major American political parties, labor, and business) and democratic groups abroad;
(3) to promote United States nongovernmental participation (especially through the two major American political parties, labor, business, and other private sector groups) in democratic training programs and democratic institution-building abroad;
(4) to strengthen democratic electoral processes abroad through timely measures in cooperation with indigenous democratic forces;
(5) to support the participation of the two major American political parties, labor, business, and other United States private sector groups in fostering cooperation with those abroad dedicated to the cultural values, institutions, and organizations of democratic pluralism; and
(6) to encourage the establishment and growth of democratic development in a manner consistent both with the broad concerns of United States national interests and with the specific requirements of the democratic groups in other countries which are aided by programs funded by the Endowment.
(Pub. L. 98–164, title V, §502, Nov. 22, 1983, 97 Stat. 1039.)
Short Title
Pub. L. 98–164, title V, §501, Nov. 22, 1983, 97 Stat. 1039, provided that: "This title [enacting this subchapter] may be cited as the 'National Endowment for Democracy Act'."
§4412. Grants to the Endowment
(a) Authorization; funding; grant agreement
The Director of the United States Information Agency shall make an annual grant to the Endowment to enable the Endowment to carry out its purposes as specified in section 4411(b) of this title. Such grants shall be made with funds specifically appropriated for grants to the Endowment or with funds appropriated to the Agency for the "Salaries and Expenses" account. Such grants shall be made pursuant to a grant agreement between the Director and the Endowment which requires that grant funds will only be used for activities which the Board of Directors of the Endowment determines are consistent with the purposes described in section 4411(b) of this title, that the Endowment will allocate funds in accordance with subsection (e) of this section, and that the Endowment will otherwise comply with the requirements of this subchapter. The grant agreement may not require the Endowment to comply with requirements other than those specified in this subchapter.
(b) Implementation of purposes
Funds so granted may be used by the Endowment to carry out the purposes described in section 4411(b) of this title, and otherwise applicable limitations on the purposes for which funds appropriated to the United States Information Agency may be used shall not apply to funds granted to the Endowment.
(c) Status of Endowment
Nothing in this subchapter shall be construed to make the Endowment an agency or establishment of the United States Government or to make the members of the Board of Directors of the Endowment, or the officers or employees of the Endowment, officers or employees of the United States.
(d) Oversight procedures applicable
The Endowment and its grantees shall be subject to the appropriate oversight procedures of the Congress.
(e) Amounts to Free Trade Union Institute and National Chamber Foundation
Of the amounts made available to the Endowment for each of the fiscal years 1984 and 1985 to carry out programs in furtherance of the purposes of this Act—
(1) not less than $13,800,000 shall be for the Free Trade Union Institute; and
(2) not less than $2,500,000 shall be to support private enterprise development programs of the National Chamber Foundation.
(f) Independent labor unions
Nothing in this subchapter shall preclude the Endowment from making grants to independent labor unions.
(Pub. L. 98–164, title V, §503, Nov. 22, 1983, 97 Stat. 1040; Pub. L. 100–204, title II, §212, Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1376.)
References in Text
This Act, referred to in subsec. (e), is Pub. L. 98–164, Nov. 22, 1983, 97 Stat. 1017. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.
Amendments
1987—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 100–204 added subsec. (f).
Transfer of Functions
United States Information Agency (other than Broadcasting Board of Governors and International Broadcasting Bureau) abolished and functions transferred to Secretary of State, see sections 6531 and 6532 of this title.
§4413. Eligibility of the Endowment for grants
(a) Compliance with statutory requirements
Grants may be made to the Endowment under this subchapter only if the Endowment agrees to comply with the requirements specified in this section and elsewhere in this subchapter.
(b) Funding for private sector groups and covered programs only
(1) The Endowment may only provide funding for programs of private sector groups and may not carry out programs directly.
(2) The Endowment may provide funding only for programs which are consistent with the purposes set forth in section 4411(b) of this title.
(c) Compensation, etc., for officers and employees of Endowment
(1) Officers of the Endowment may not receive any salary or other compensation from any source, other than the Endowment, for services rendered during the period of their employment by the Endowment.
(2) If an individual who is an officer or employee of the United States Government serves as a member of the Board of Directors or as an officer or employee of the Endowment, that individual may not receive any compensation or travel expenses in connection with services performed for the Endowment.
(d) Prohibitions respecting financial matters
(1) The Endowment shall not issue any shares of stock or declare or pay any dividends.
(2) No part of the assets of the Endowment shall inure to the benefit of any member of the Board, any officer or employee of the Endowment, or any other individual, except as salary or reasonable compensation for services.
(e) Audit of accounts; reporting requirements
(1) The accounts of the Endowment shall be audited annually in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards by independent certified public accountants or independent licensed public accountants certified or licensed by a regulatory authority of a State or other political subdivision of the United States. The audits shall be conducted at the place or places where the accounts of the Endowment are normally kept. All books, accounts, financial records, reports, files, and all other papers, things, or property belonging to or in use by the Endowment and necessary to facilitate the audits shall be made available to the person or persons conducting the audits; and full facilities for verifying transactions with any assets held by depositories, fiscal agents, and custodians shall be afforded to such person or persons.
(2) The report of each such independent audit shall be included in the annual report required by subsection (h). The audit report shall set forth the scope of the audit and include such statements as are necessary to present fairly the Endowment's assets and liabilities, surplus or deficit, with an analysis of the changes therein during the year, supplemented in reasonable detail by a statement of the Endowment's income and expenses during the year, and a statement of the application of funds, together with the independent auditor's opinion of those statements.
(f) Audit of financial transactions; reporting requirements
(1) The financial transactions of the Endowment for each fiscal year may be audited by the Government Accountability Office in accordance with such principles and procedures and under such rules and regulations as may be prescribed by the Comptroller General of the United States. Any such audit shall be conducted at the place or places where accounts of the Endowment are normally kept. The representatives of the Government Accountability Office shall have access to all books, accounts, records, reports, files, and all other papers, things, or property belonging to or in use by the Endowment pertaining to its financial transactions and necessary to facilitate the audit; and they shall be afforded full facilities for verifying transactions with any assets held by depositories, fiscal agents, and custodians. All such books, accounts, records, reports, files, papers, and property of the Endowment shall remain in the possession and custody of the Endowment.
(2) A report of each such audit shall be made by the Comptroller General to the Congress. The report to the Congress shall contain such comments and information as the Comptroller General may deem necessary to inform the Congress of the financial operations and condition of the Endowment, together with such recommendations with respect thereto as he may deem advisable. The report shall also show specifically any program, expenditure, or other financial transaction or undertaking observed in the course of the audit, which, in the opinion of the Comptroller General, has been carried on or made contrary to the requirements of this subchapter. A copy of each report shall be furnished to the President and to the Endowment at the time submitted to the Congress.
(g) Audits by United States Information Agency
The financial transactions of the Endowment for each fiscal year shall be audited by the United States Information Agency under the conditions set forth in subsection (f)(1).
(h) Recordkeeping requirements; audit and examination of books, etc.
(1) The Endowment shall ensure that each recipient of assistance provided through the Endowment under this subchapter keeps separate bank accounts or separate self-balancing ledger accounts with respect to such assistance and such records as may be reasonably necessary to fully disclose the amount and the disposition by such recipient of the proceeds of such assistance, the total cost of the project or undertaking in connection with which such assistance is given or used, and the amount and nature of that portion of the cost of the project or undertaking supplied by other sources, and such other records as will facilitate an effective audit.
(2) The Endowment shall ensure that it, or any of its duly authorized representatives, shall have access for the purpose of audit and examination to any books, documents, papers, and records of the recipient that are pertinent to assistance provided through the Endowment under this subchapter. The Comptroller General of the United States or any of his duly authorized representatives shall also have access thereto for such purpose.
(i) Annual report; contents; testimony respecting report
Not later than February 1 of each year, the Endowment shall submit an annual report for the preceding fiscal year to the President for transmittal to the Congress. The report shall include a comprehensive and detailed report of the Endowment's operations, activities, financial condition, and accomplishments under this subchapter and may include such recommendations as the Endowment deems appropriate. The Board members and officers of the Endowment shall be available to testify before appropriate committees of the Congress with respect to such report, the report of any audit made by the Comptroller General pursuant to subsection (f), or any other matter which any such committee may determine.
(j) Grantee; conflict of interest
After January 31, 1993, no member of the Board of the Endowment may be a member of the board of directors or an officer of any grantee of the National Endowment for Democracy which receives more than 5 percent of the funds of the Endowment for any fiscal year.
(Pub. L. 98–164, title V, §504, Nov. 22, 1983, 97 Stat. 1040; Pub. L. 99–93, title II, §210(b), (d), Aug. 16, 1985, 99 Stat. 432; Pub. L. 100–204, title II, §211, Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1376; Pub. L. 102–138, title II, §§211(d), 215, Oct. 28, 1991, 105 Stat. 695, 697; Pub. L. 103–236, title II, §228, Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 423; Pub. L. 108–271, §8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814.)
Amendments
2004—Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 108–271 substituted "Government Accountability Office" for "General Accounting Office" in two places.
1994—Subsec. (h)(1). Pub. L. 103–236 substituted "bank accounts or separate self-balancing ledger accounts" for "accounts".
1991—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 102–138, §211(d), substituted "shall" for "may also" before "be audited".
Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 102–138, §215, added subsec. (j).
1987—Subsec. (h)(1). Pub. L. 100–204 inserted "separate accounts with respect to such assistance and" after "keeps".
1985—Subsecs. (g) to (i). Pub. L. 99–93 added subsec. (g), redesignated existing subsecs. (g) and (h) as (h) and (i), respectively, and in subsec. (i) substituted "February 1" for "December 31".
Transfer of Functions
United States Information Agency (other than Broadcasting Board of Governors and International Broadcasting Bureau) abolished and functions transferred to Secretary of State, see sections 6531 and 6532 of this title.
§4414. Requirements relating to the Endowment and its grantees
(a) Partisan politics
(1) Funds may not be expended, either by the Endowment or by any of its grantees, to finance the campaigns of candidates for public office.
(2) No funds granted by the Endowment may be used to finance activities of the Republican National Committee or the Democratic National Committee.
(3) No grants may be made to any institute, foundation, or organization engaged in partisan activities on behalf of the Republican or Democratic National Committee, on behalf of any candidate for public office, or on behalf of any political party in the United States.
(b) Consultation with Department of State
The Endowment shall consult with the Department of State on any overseas program funded by the Endowment prior to the commencement of the activities of that program.
(Pub. L. 98–164, title V, §505, as added Pub. L. 99–93, title II, §210(a), Aug. 16, 1985, 99 Stat. 431.)
§4415. Freedom of information
(a) Compliance with Freedom of Information Act
Notwithstanding the fact that the Endowment is not an agency or establishment of the United States Government, the Endowment shall fully comply with all of the provisions of section 552 of title 5.
(b) Publication in Federal Register
For purposes of complying pursuant to subsection (a) with section 552(a)(1) of such title, the Endowment shall make available to the Director of the United States Information Agency such records and other information as the Director determines may be necessary for such purposes. The Director shall cause such records and other information to be published in the Federal Register.
(c) Review by United States Information Agency
(1) In the event that the Endowment determines not to comply with a request for records under section 552, the Endowment shall submit a report to the Director of the United States Information Agency explaining the reasons for not complying with such request.
(2) If the Director approves the determination not to comply with such request, the United States Information Agency shall assume full responsibility, including financial responsibility, for defending the Endowment in any litigation relating to such request.
(3) If the Director disapproves the determination not to comply with such request, the Endowment shall comply with such request.
(Pub. L. 98–164, title V, §506, as added Pub. L. 99–93, title II, §210(a), Aug. 16, 1985, 99 Stat. 432.)
Transfer of Functions
United States Information Agency (other than Broadcasting Board of Governors and International Broadcasting Bureau) abolished and functions transferred to Secretary of State, see sections 6531 and 6532 of this title.
§4416. Retention of interest
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, with the approval of the National Endowment for Democracy, grant funds made available by the National Endowment for Democracy may be deposited in interest-bearing accounts pending disbursement, and any interest which accrues may be retained by the grantee without returning such interest to the Treasury of the United States and interest earned may be obligated and expended for the purposes for which the grant was made without further appropriation.
(Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. B, title XXIV, §2411, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–831.)
Codification
Section was enacted as part of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1998 and 1999, and also as part of the Foreign Affairs Reform and Restructuring Act of 1998 and the Omnibus Consolidated and Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act, 1999, and not as part of the National Endowment for Democracy Act which comprises this subchapter.
