The Oregon Administrative Rules contain OARs filed through November 15, 2015

 

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DEPARTMENT OF CONSUMER AND BUSINESS SERVICES,

OREGON OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH DIVISION










 

DIVISION 2
GENERAL OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RULES
SCROLL DOWN TO VIEW OARs 437-002-0161 through 437-002-0311
GO BACK TO OARs 437-002-0005 through 437-002-0154
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Subdivision K — Medical and First Aid

437-002-0161
Medical Services and First Aid
(1) Definitions.
(a) “Emergency medical
service” is the provision of care by a medically trained person, whether this
service is provided by a hospital, clinic, ambulance, disaster car, or rescue vehicle.
(b) “In proximity”
is defined as that which is available nearby to ensure prompt treatment in the event
of need.
(c) “Qualified first aid
person” means a person with evidence to show valid (current) first aid training
by the American Red Cross or equivalent.
(2) First Aid Supplies.
(a) The employer shall provide
first aid supplies based upon the intended use and types of injuries that could
occur at the place of employment. The first aid supplies shall be available in close
proximity to all employees. Either bulk pack or unit pack supplies are acceptable.
(b) First aid supplies must
be stored in containers adequate to protect the contents from damage, deterioration,
or contamination. The container shall be clearly marked, available when needed
and must not be locked, but may be sealed.
(c) The employer shall ensure
that the first aid supplies are available for each shift.
NOTE: Supplies such as
gloves and a mouth barrier device are considered personal protective equipment,
and are regulated by OAR 437-002-0134 in Division 2/I, Personal Protective Equipment.
NOTE: The Safety Code
for Motor Vehicle Transportation of Workers (Rule 735 120 000) adopted by the Motor
Vehicles Division of the Department of Transportation contains requirements for
the first aid kit which is required when school buses are used to transport workers.
In addition, the Public Utilities Commission has adopted Federal Motor Carrier
Safety Regulations which apply to for hire buses.
(3) Personnel.
(a) The employer shall ensure
the ready availability of emergency medical services for the treatment of all injured
employees.
(b) Where emergency medical
services are not in proximity to the place of employment, a qualified first aid
person shall be available.
NOTE: More specific requirements
for first aid training are found in: 1910.94, Ventilation, in Division 2/G; OAR
437-002-0118, Reinforced Plastics, in Division 2/H; 1910.120, Hazardous Waste Operations
and Emergency Response, in Division 2/H; 1910.252 in Division 2/Q, Welding, Cutting
and Brazing; OAR 437-002-0304, Ornamental Tree & Shrub Services, in Division
2/R; 1910.268, Telecommunications, in Division 2/R; Division 2/T, Commercial Diving
Operations.
(4) Emergency Medical Plan.
(a) An emergency medical plan
to ensure the rapid provision of medical services to employees with major illnesses
and injuries shall be developed. In such cases, the employer shall determine that
the service will be available in an emergency.
(b) If a physician or an ambulance
with Emergency Medical Technicians is readily accessible to the place of employment,
then the minimum emergency medical plan must contain the emergency telephone number
of the ambulance service. The emergency telephone number shall be posted conspicuously
at the place of employment.
(c) Employers in areas with
a designated 911 telephone number may utilize the 911 service in lieu of posting
the specific ambulance telephone number.
(d) If the place of employment
is not in proximity to emergency medical services, then the employer shall have,
in addition to the information required in 437-002-0161(4)(a), a definite plan of
action to be followed in the event of serious injury to an employee. The plan of
action shall consist of the arrangements for:
(A) Communication. Two-way radio,
telephone, or provision for emergency communication to contact the emergency medical
services.
(B) Transportation. Availability
of transportation to a point where an ambulance can be met or to the nearest suitable
medical facility. Vehicles provided for this purpose shall be available at all times,
shall have right of way over all vehicles or equipment under the control of the
employer, and shall be equipped so that due consideration can be given to the proper
care and comfort of the injured employee.
(C) Qualified medical personnel
at destination.
(D) All employees shall be knowledgeable
concerning the qualified first aid person(s), the first aid requirements, and emergency
medical plan.
(5) Emergency Eyewash and Shower
Facilities.
(a) Where employees handle substances
that could injure them by getting into their eyes or onto their bodies, provide
them with an eyewash, or shower, or both based on the hazard.
(A) Emergency eyewash and showers
must meet the following:
(i) Locate it so that exposed
employees can reach it and begin treatment in 10 seconds or less. The path must
be unobstructed and cannot require the opening of doors or passage through obstacles
unless other employees are always present to help the exposed employee.
(ii) Water must flow for at
least 15 minutes.
(iii) Install the equipment
according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
(iv) The eyewash must have valves
that stay open without the use of the hands. The shower must not be subject to unauthorized
shut-off.
(v) Follow the system manufacturer’s
criteria for water pressure, flow rate and testing to assure proper operation of
the system.
(vi) Emergency shower and eyewash
facilities must be clean, sanitary and operating correctly.
(vii) In self-contained systems,
do not use solutions or products past their expiration date.
NOTE: If the employer
can demonstrate, with the support of a physician board certified in ophthalmology,
toxicology or occupational medicine, that an alternative eyewash solution is adequate
for their specific hazard, OR-OSHA will accept that solution. An example would
be a buffered isotonic solution preserved with a suitable antibacterial agent, that
may be less irritating when used in a 15-minute flush.
(b) If the product label, MSDS
or other information about the expected contaminant gives treatment instructions
different from those required in this section, follow the most protective of those
instructions.
(c) If the contaminant manufacturer
requires specific decontaminants or procedures, you must provide them in addition
to the eyewash or shower. The employer must assure this treatment is available.
(d) If eyewash facilities or
showers can freeze, take protective measures to prevent freezing.
[ED. NOTE: Appendices referenced
are available from the agency.]
Stat. Auth.: ORS 654.025(2)
& 757.726(4)

Stats. Implemented: ORS 654.001
- 654.295

Hist.: WCB 13-1979, f. &
ef. 7-7-75; WCB 4-1975, f. 10-6-75, ef. 11-1-75; WCB 4-1976, f. 4-5-76, ef. 4-15-76;
OSHA 2-1993, f. & cert. ef. 2-3-93; OSHA 1-2000, f. & cert. ef. 1-28-00;
OSHA 1-2005, f. & cert. ef. 4-12-05; OSHA 1-2012, f. & cert .ef. 4-10-12
437-002-0170
Worker Protection Standard
Oregon OSHA administers and enforces the pesticide Worker Protection Standard (WPS — 40 CFR 170) as adopted in OAR 437-004-6000. When a pesticide product with Worker Protection Standard language (“Agricultural Use Requirements”) on the product label is used on plants grown or maintained for sale or resale, such as those at retail nurseries or greenhouses, the WPS applies. Plants grown or maintained for sale or resale include but are not limited to food, feed and fiber plants; ornamental trees and shrubs; turfgrass sod; flowering plants and seedlings. This is consistent with the Environmental Protection Agency’s interpretation and application of the WPS. All parts of the WPS apply (without regard to the scope of Division 4) in addition to, and not instead of, any other part of Division 2, General Industry. Should any conflict exist between the WPS and other Division 2 rules, the employer must comply with the rule offering the most protection to workers. A full text of the Worker Protection Standard is found in Division 4, Agriculture, Subdivision W.
NOTE: 437-002-0170 Worker Protection Standard does not apply when any pesticide is applied in the following circumstances: (See 437-004-6000, 170.103 Exceptions)
For mosquito abatement, or similar wide-area public pest control programs sponsored by governmental entities;
To control pests on livestock or other animals, or in or about animal premises;
To control pests on plants not grown for sale or resale such as ornamental plants in or around habitations, home fruit and vegetable gardens, and home greenhouses;
To control pests on plants that are in ornamental gardens, parks, public or private lawns or grounds that are intended only for aesthetic purposes or climatic modification;
By direct injection into plants; (Direct injection does not include pesticides applied through irrigation water or soil-injection.)
For control of structural pests;
For control of vegetation in non-crop areas;
For control of vertebrate pests;
As attractants or repellents in traps.
Stat. Auth.: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(4)

Stats. Implemented: ORS 654.001–654.295

Hist.: OSHA 9-2009 f. & cert. ef. 9-21-09
Subdivision L — Fire Protection
437-002-0180
Adoption by Reference
In addition to and not in lieu of, any
other health and safety codes contained in OAR Chapter 437, the Department adopts
by reference the following federal regulations printed as part of the Code of Federal
Regulations, 29 CFR 1910, in the Federal Register:
(1) 29 CFR 1910.155 Scope, application
and definitions applicable to this subpart, published 4/12/88, FR vol. 53, p. 12122.
(2) 29 CFR 1910.156 Fire brigades,
published 12/12/08, FR vol. 73, no. 240, pp. 75568-75589; amended with OR-OSHA Admin.
Order 1-2012, f. and ef. 4/10/12.
(3) 29 CFR 1910.157 Portable
fire extinguishers. REPEALED with OR-OSHA Admin. Order 7-2007, f. and ef. 11/8/07.
(4) 29 CFR 1910.158 Standpipe
and hose systems, published 3/7/96, FR vol. 61, no. 46, p. 9239.
(5) 29 CFR 1910.159 Automatic
sprinkler systems, published 5/1/81, FR vol. 46, p. 24557.
(6) 29 CFR 1910.160 Fixed extinguishing
systems, general, published 9/12/80, FR vol. 45, p. 60711; amended with AO 12-2001,
Oregon note added, f. and ef. 10/26/01.
(7) 29 CFR 1910.161 Fixed extinguishing
systems, dry chemical, published 9/12/80, FR vol. 45, p. 60712.
(8) 29 CFR 1910.162 Fixed extinguishing
systems, gaseous agent, published 5/1/81, FR vol. 46, p. 24557.
(9) 29 CFR 1910.163 Fixed extinguishing
systems, water spray and foam, published 9/12/80, FR vol. 45, p. 60712.
(10) 29 CFR 1910.164 Fire detection
systems, published 9/12/80, FR vol. 45, p. 60713; amended with AO 12-2001, Oregon
note added, f. and ef. 10/26/01.
(11) 29 CFR 1910.165 Employee
alarm systems, published 9/12/80, FR vol. 45, p. 60713.
(12) Appendix A to Subpart L
— Fire protection, published 9/12/80, FR vol. 45, p. 60715; amended 5/1/81,
FR vol. 46, p. 24557; amended with OR-OSHA Admin. Order 1-2012, f. and ef. 4/10/12.
(13) Appendix B to Subpart L
— National consensus standards, published 9/12/80, FR vol. 45, p. 60715; amended
6/30/93, FR vol. 58, no. 124, p. 35309.
(14) Appendix C to Subpart L
— Fire protection references for further information, published 9/12/80, FR
vol. 45, p. 60715; amended 6/30/93, FR vol. 58, no. 124, p. 35309.
(15) Appendix D to Subpart L
— Availability of publications incorporated by reference in Section 1910.156,
Fire Brigades, published 9/12/80, FR vol. 45, p. 60715; amended 6/30/93, FR vol.
58, no. 124, p. 35309; 3/7/96, FR vol. 61, no. 46, p. 9239.
(16) Appendix E to Subpart L
— Test methods for protective clothing, published 9/12/80, FR vol. 45, p.
60715; amended 5/1/81, FR vol. 46, p. 24557.
These standards are available
from the Oregon Occupational Safety and Health Division (OR-OSHA), Department of
Consumer and Business Services, and the United States Government Printing Office.
Stat. Auth.: ORS 654.025(2),
656.726(4)

Stats. Implemented: ORS 654.001
- 654.295

Hist.: OSHA 14-1993, f. 8-37-93,
cert. ef. 11-1-93; OSHA 4-1997, f. & cert. ef. 4-2-97; OSHA 3-1998, f. &
cert. ef. 7-7-98; OSHA 2-1999, f. & cert. ef. 4-30-99; OSHA 12-2001, f. &
cert. ef. 10-26-01; OSHA 7-2007, f. & cert. ef. 11-8-07; OSHA 5-2009, f. &
cert. ef. 5-29-09; OSHA 1-2012, f. & cert .ef. 4-10-12
437-002-0182
Oregon Rules for Fire Fighters
(1) Scope and Application. These rules
apply to public and private employers who engage in structural fire service activities,
including emergency first response.
Note: Employers subject to 437-002-0182
must comply with provisions of other applicable Oregon OSHA safety and health rules.
(2) Exceptions. These rules do not apply
to the following firefighting activities:
(a) Private industry fire
brigades covered under 1910.156, Division 2/L, Fire Protection.
(b) Forest and uncultivated
wildland firefighting covered under Division 7/N, Wildland Fire Suppression and
Prescribed Fire.
(c) Marine firefighting and
rescue covered under CFR title 33, Navigation and Navigable Waters.
(d) Aircraft firefighting
and rescue covered under CFR title 49, Transportation.
Note: Structural fire protection services
who engage in activities listed under 437-002-0182(2)(a) through (d), must also
comply with the applicable standard for the activity.
(3) Definitions.
(a) Aerial device –
An aerial ladder, elevating platform, aerial ladder platform, or water tower that
is designed to position personnel, handle materials, provide egress and discharge
water.
(b) ANSI – American
National Standards Institute.
(c) Apparatus – A mobile
piece of firefighting equipment such as pumper, water tender, etc.
(d) Certified – Attested
or confirmed in a formal written statement, or someone or something officially recognized
as possessing certain qualifications or meeting certain standards.
(e) Confined space –
A space that meets all of the following:
(A) Large enough and so configured
that an employee can fully enter the space and perform work; and
(B) Has limited or restricted
means for entry or exit (for example, tanks, vessels, silos, storage bins, hoppers,
vaults, and pits are spaces that may have limited means of entry); and
(C) Is not designed for continuous
occupancy.
(f) Designee – A person
who has been officially chosen to do or be something.
(g) DOT – Department
of Transportation.
(h) DPSST – Department
of Public Safety Standards and Training.
(i) Drill tower – A
structure, which may or may not be attached to the station, that is over two stories
high and primarily used for non-classroom firefighter training in fire service techniques.
(j) Emergency incident –
Any situation where a fire department delivers emergency services, rescue, fire
suppression, medical treatment, and other forms of hazard control and mitigation.
(k) Emergency scene –
The site where the suppression of a fire or the emergency exists.
(l) Enclosed structure –
A structure with a roof or ceiling and at least two walls which may present fire
hazards to employees, such as accumulations of smoke, toxic gases and heat, similar
to those found in buildings.
(m) Firefighter – A
person involved in performing fire department duties and responsibilities, including
fire suppression, who may be a career or volunteer member of a fire department and
may occupy any position or rank within the fire department.
(n) Fire ground – An
emergency scene or location where firefighting or live fire training activities
occur.
(o) Fire training –
Training received by firefighters to maintain proficiency in performing their assigned
duties.
(p) Hazardous material incident
– The accidental release of hazardous materials from their containers.
(q) Helmet – An element
of the protective ensemble designed to provide minimum protection to the user’s
head against impact, flying or falling objects, electric shock, penetration, heat,
and flame.
(r) Hose tower – A
vertical structure where a hose is hung to dry.
(s) IFSTA – International
Fire Service Training Association.
(t) IMS – Incident
Management System. Also referred to as an Incident Command System (ICS).
(u) Immediately dangerous
to life or health (IDLH) –An atmosphere that poses an immediate threat to
life, would cause irreversible adverse health effects, or would impair an individual’s
ability to escape from a dangerous atmosphere.
(v) Incipient stage fire
– A fire which is in the initial or beginning stage and which can be controlled
or extinguished by portable fire extinguishers, Class II standpipe or small hose
systems without the need for protective clothing or breathing apparatus.
(w) Interior structural firefighting
– The physical activity of fire suppression, rescue or both, inside of buildings
or enclosed structures which are involved in a fire situation beyond the incipient
stage.
(x) Live fire training –
Any fire set within a structure, tank, pipe, pan, etc., under controlled conditions
to facilitate firefighter training under actual fire conditions.
(y) NFPA – National
Fire Protection Association.
(z) NIOSH – National
Institute of Occupational Safety and Health.
(aa) Private Industry Fire
Brigades – A group of employees who are required to fight interior structural
fires at their place of employment.
(bb) Protective ensemble
– The clothing and personal protective equipment worn to provide limited protection
to the user’s head, body, and extremities from thermal, physical, chemical,
and health hazards. Protective ensemble elements include firefighting coats and
trousers, helmets, hoods, gloves, footwear, eye and face protection devices, and
respirators.
(cc) Qualified – Certified
as being trained to perform a particular job or activity.
(dd) Respirators:
(A) Atmosphere-supplying
respirator is a respirator that supplies the user with air from a source independent
of the ambient atmosphere and includes supplied-air respirators (SARS) and self-contained
breathing apparatus (SCBA) units.
(B) Air-purifying respirator
is a respirator with an air-purifying filter, cartridge, or canister that removes
specific air contaminants by passing ambient air through the air-purifying element.
(C) Positive pressure demand
respirator is a respirator in which the pressure inside the respiratory inlet covering
exceeds the ambient air pressure outside the respirator.
(D) Pressure-demand respirator
is a positive pressure atmosphere-supplying respirator that admits air to the facepiece
when the positive pressure is reduced inside the facepiece by inhalation.
(E) Self-Contained Breathing
Apparatus SCBA is a self-contained breathing apparatus designed to provide the wearer
with a supply of respirable air carried in and generated by the breathing apparatus.
This apparatus requires no intake of oxygen from the outside atmosphere and can
be designed to be a demand or pressure-demand type respirator.
(F) Supplied-air respirator
(SAR) or airline respirator is an atmosphere-supplying respirator for which the
source of breathing air is not designed to be carried by the user.
(ee) Responder – A
certified person who has the responsibility to respond to an emergency incident.
(ff) Station (Fire station)
– Structure to house the fire service apparatus and personnel.
(gg) Tailboard – Standing
space at rear of a fire apparatus where firefighters stand to access and reload
hose and/or equipment.
(hh) Training – Instruction
with hands-on practice in the operation of equipment, including respiratory protection
equipment, that is expected to be used and in the performance of assigned duties.
(ii) Warning light –
A flashing or rotating light.
(4) Organizational statement.
(a) The employer must develop
and implement a written statement or policy that includes basic organizational structure,
basic functions of the organization, and type, amount, and frequency of training
to be provided.
(b) This statement must be
made available for inspection by Oregon OSHA and by fire department employees or
their designated representatives.
(5) Personnel.
(a) The employer must review
and evaluate the physical capability of each firefighter annually to determine their
ability to perform duties that may be assigned. The review and evaluation will be
accomplished through physical examination, stress testing, or satisfactory performance
demonstrated during the performance of their assigned duties.
(b) The employer must not
permit a firefighter with a known medical condition that would significantly impair
their ability to engage in fire suppression activities at the emergency scene unless
a physician’s certificate of the firefighter’s fitness to participate
in such activities is provided to the employer. This will not limit the employer’s
ability to assign firefighters to support activities (versus fire suppression activities).
(6) Employer’s Responsibility.
(a) Each employer must comply
with the provisions of this Division to protect the life, safety, and health of
employees.
(b) It is the responsibility
of the employer to establish and supervise:
(A) A safe and healthful
working environment, as it applies to nonemergency conditions or to emergency conditions
at the scene after the incident has been terminated, as determined by the officer
in charge.
(B) Programs for training
employees in the fundamentals of accident prevention.
(C) A safe and healthful
working environment as it applies to live fire training exercises.
(c) The employer must maintain
all equipment in a safe condition.
(d) The employer must ensure
that firefighters who participate in exempted firefighting activities listed under
437-002-0182(2) are properly trained, protected, clothed, and equipped for the known
hazards of that particular emergency operation.
(7) Employee’s Responsibility.
(a) Each firefighter must
comply with the requirements of 437-002-0182 that are applicable to their own actions
and conduct in the course of their employment.
(b) Firefighters must notify
the appropriate employer or safety committee representative of unsafe practices,
equipment, or workplace conditions.
(c) All firefighters, at
regularly scheduled times, must attend required training and orientation programs
designed to increase their competency in occupational safety and health.
(d) Firefighters and other
employees must apply the principles of accident prevention in their work. They must
use all required safety devices and protective equipment.
(e) Each firefighter must
take proper care of their protective equipment.
(f) Firefighters who are
expected to perform firefighting operations must notify their employer when health
conditions arise that will limit their capability of performing those duties.
(8) Safety Committee.
(a) Fire departments must
have a separate safety committee or hold safety meetings according to the requirements
of Division 1, 437-001-0765, Safety Committees and Safety Meetings.
(b) When applicable, the
representation on the safety committee must include both career and volunteer firefighters.
(9) Incident Management.
(a) The employer must develop
and implement written procedures for incident management that meets the requirement
of NFPA 1561 (2008): Standard on Emergency Services Incident Management System.
(b) These procedures must
apply to all employees involved in emergency operations.
(c) Each employee involved
in emergency operations must be familiar with these procedures.
(10) Accountability. The
employer must develop and implement written procedures for a personnel accountability
system that meets the requirement of NFPA 1561 (2008): Standard on Emergency Services
Incident Management System.
(11) Firefighting Education
and Training.
(a) The employer must develop
and implement a policy for appropriately educating and training all department firefighting
classifications (ranks) before they perform assigned duties.
(b) Firefighters who participate
in interior structural firefighting activities must be trained according to NFPA
1001 (2013): Standard for Fire Fighter Professional Qualifications (Fire Fighter
I), or they must meet the training levels required under 437-002-0182(11)(c) and
be under the direct supervision of a firefighter trained to NFPA Fire Fighter I
or higher.
Note: Department of Public Safety Standards
and Training (DPSST) certification for NFPA Fire Fighter I or higher satisfies the
training requirement in 437-002-0182(11)(b) but is not required by these rules.
(c) Firefighters who participate in
live fire training in a structure, or only in structural firefighting activities
not covered under 437-002-0182(11)(b), must be trained to meet the minimum job performance
requirements for NFPA Fire Fighter I as prescribed by NFPA 1403 (2012): Standard
on Live Fire Training Evolutions (Student Prerequisites).
(d) All live fire training
must be conducted following the requirements of NFPA 1403 (2012): Standard on Live
Fire Training Evolutions, or Appendix A (Mandatory), Minimum Requirements for Live
Fire Training, of this standard.
(e) Live fire training must
be conducted under the direction of the fire department’s training officer
or employer authorized representative.
(12) General Requirements
for Protective Ensembles.
(a) Protective ensembles
must protect the user’s head, body, and extremities. Protective ensembles
consist of the following elements: body protection; head protection; hand protection;
foot and leg protection; eye and face protection; and respiratory protection.
Note: Employees must be protected from
noise that exceeds the levels in Division 2/G, 1910.95, Occupational Noise Exposure.
(b) The employer must provide employees
all protective ensemble elements at no cost to employees. The employer must not
allow employee-owned protective ensemble elements that do not comply with the requirements
under 437-002-0182(13) through (18) to be used for structural firefighting. See
Appendix B (Non-mandatory), General Information and Recommendations, of this standard.
(c) Employees must wear all
appropriate protective ensembles elements that meet the requirements under 437-002-0182(13)
through (18) when engaged in interior structural firefighting.
(d) In situations other than
interior structural firefighting, employees must wear the appropriate protective
ensemble elements for the known hazards of that particular emergency operation.
(13) Body Protection. All
structural firefighting coats and trousers must be at least equivalent to the requirements
of NFPA 1971 (1991): Standard on Protective Clothing for Structural Fire Fighting.
Structural firefighting coats and trousers purchased on or after July 1, 2016, must
be at least equivalent to the requirements of NFPA 1971 (2013): Standard on Protective
Ensemble for Structural Fire Fighting.
(14) Head Protection.
(a) All structural firefighting
helmets must be at least equivalent to the requirements of NFPA 1971 (2000): Standard
on Protective Ensemble for Structural Firefighting. Structural firefighting helmets
purchased on or after July 1, 2016, must be at least equivalent to the requirements
of NFPA 1971 (2013): Standard on Protective Ensemble for Structural Fire Fighting.
(b) Structural firefighting
helmets must consist of a rigid shell; an energy absorbing system; a retention system;
florescent and retroreflective trim; ear covers; and either a faceshield or goggles,
or both.
(c) Use, care, alterations,
and maintenance instructions for protective headgear must be supplied for each helmet.
(d) Care, maintenance, and
alteration of helmets must conform to the manufacturer’s recommendations.
(e) During structural firefighting,
helmet accessories designed to provide or maintain protection from health and safety
hazards must be worn in the manufacturer’s recommended position. See Appendix
B (Non-mandatory), General Information and Recommendations, of this standard.
(f) All flame-resistant protective
hoods must be at least equivalent to the requirements of NFPA 1971 (1997): Standard
on Protective Ensembles for Structural Fire Fighting. Flame-resistant protective
hoods purchased on or after July 1, 2016, must be at least equivalent to the requirements
of NFPA 1971 (2013): Standard on Protective Ensemble for Structural Fire Fighting.
(g) A flame-resistant protective
hood that will not adversely affect the seal of a respirator facepiece must be worn
during interior structural firefighting operations to protect the sides of the face
and hair.
(15) Hand Protection.
(a) All structural firefighting
hand protection must be at least equivalent to the requirements of NFPA 1973 (1988):
Standard on Gloves for Structural Fire Fighting. Structural firefighting hand protection
purchased on or after July 1, 2016, must be at least equivalent to the requirements
of NFPA 1971 (2013): Standard on Protective Ensemble for Structural Fire Fighting.
(b) Hand protection for structural
firefighting activities must consist of protective gloves or glove system that will
provide protection against cut, puncture, and heat penetration.
(16) Foot and Leg Protection.
(a) All structural firefighting
protective footwear must be at least equivalent to the requirements of NFPA 1971
(1997): Standard on Protective Ensembles for Structural Fire Fighting. Structural
firefighting protective footwear purchased on or after July 1, 2016, must be at
least equivalent to the requirements of NFPA 1971 (2013): Standard on Protective
Ensembles for Structural Fire Fighting.
(b) Resoled firefighting
footwear must comply with the applicable NFPA standard under 437-002-0182(16)(a).
Note: Employees using chain saws for
non-firefighting activities must wear chaps or leg protectors in accordance with
Division 2/I, 437-002-0134, Personal Protective Equipment.
(17) Eye and Face Protection.
(a) Face protection must
be used where there is a reasonable probability of injury that can be prevented
by such protection. When face protection does not protect the eyes from foreign
objects, additional protection for the eyes must be used.
(b) The employer must make
available eye and face protection devices suitable for the work performed, and employees
must use such protection devices as required by 437-002-0182(17)(a).
(c) Protection devices that
can be worn over corrective lenses must be available for employees who need them.
(d) Eye and face protection
devices worn by firefighters at the fire ground must comply with the following minimum
requirements:
(A) They must comply with
any of the following consensus standards:
(i) ANSI Z87.1-2003, American
National Standard Practice for Occupational and Educational Eye and Face Protection;
(ii) ANSI Z87.1-1989 (R-1998),
American National Standard Practice for Occupational and Educational Eye and Face
Protection; or
(iii) ANSI Z87.1-1989, American
National Standard Practice for Occupational and Educational Eye and Face Protection.
(B) They must be reasonably
comfortable when worn under the designated conditions.
(C) They must be durable.
(D) They must be capable
of being disinfected.
(E) They must be easy to
clean.
(e) Faceshields, when used,
must be an integral part of the firefighting helmet and may be installed in a fixed
position or hinged allowing adjustment of the shields. Face shields must accommodate
any of the following styles:
(A) Clear transparent
(B) Colored transparent
(f) Goggles, when used, must
consist of a fully flexible frame, a lens holder or a rigid frame with integral
lens or lenses, and a separate cushioned fitting surface on the full periphery of
the facial contact area.
(A) Materials used for goggles
must be chemical-resistant, nontoxic, nonirritating and slow-burning.
(B) There must be support
on the face, such as an adjustable headband of suitable material or other appropriate
support to hold the frame comfortably and snugly in front of the eyes.
Note: When NIOSH approved full face
respiratory equipment is being used by firefighters, additional eye and face protection
is not required.
(18) Respiratory Protection. The employer
must develop and implement a respiratory protection program in accordance with Division
2/I, 1910.134, Respiratory Protection.
The following note refers to the Respiratory
Protection Standards, 1910.134(g)(3) Procedures for IDLH atmospheres and 1910.134(g)(4)
Procedures for interior structural firefighting, (“two-in/two-out rule”).
NOTE: If, upon arriving
at the emergency scene, firefighters find an imminent life threatening situation
where immediate action may prevent the loss of life or serious injury, the requirements
for firefighters in the outside standby mode may be suspended, when notification
is given by radio to incoming responders that they must provide necessary support
and backup upon their arrival.
(19) Criteria for Approved Self-Contained
Breathing Apparatus (SCBA).
(a) All compressed air cylinders
used with approved SCBAs must meet DOT and NIOSH criteria.
(b) In emergency and lifesaving
situations, approved SCBAs may be used with approved cylinders from other approved
SCBAs provided that such cylinders are of the same capacity and pressure rating.
Once the emergency is over, return SCBAs to their original approved condition.
(c) Approved SCBAs must be
provided with at least one indicator that automatically sounds an alarm when the
remaining air supply of the SCBA is reduced to within a range of 25 percent of its
rated service time.
(20) Personal Alert Safety
System (PASS).
(a) Each member involved
in rescue, fire suppression, or other hazardous duties, must be provided with and
must use a PASS device in the hazardous area when self-contained breathing apparatus
is in use.
(b) All PASS devices must
be at least equivalent to the requirements of NFPA 1982 (1983): Standard on Personal
Alert Safety Systems (PASS). PASS devices purchased on or after July 1, 2016 must
be at least equivalent to the requirements of NFPA 1982 (2013): Standard on Personal
Alert Safety Systems (PASS).
(c) Each PASS device must
be tested at least monthly and must be maintained according to the manufacturer’s
instructions.
(21) Breathing Air Compressors
and Cylinders.
(a) In addition to the requirements
contained in Division 2/I, 1910.134(i), breathing air quality and use, air samples
must be taken every six months from the compressor and analyzed by the employer
or an independent laboratory for Grade D breathing air.
(b) Air samples must also
be taken and analyzed when the system is installed or repaired.
(c) Analysis required by
437-002-0182(21)(a) and (b) must be conducted according to ANSI/CGA Standard G7.1
(2011): Commodity Specification for Air.
(22) Hazardous Material Response
Plan.
(a) Fire departments that
expect or plan to respond to hazardous material incidents must develop and implement
a written response plan, and comply with additional requirements of Division 2/H,
1910.120(q), Emergency response to hazardous substance releases.
(b) The written response
plan must contain the policies and procedures for:
(A) Pre-emergency planning
and coordination with outside parties,
(B) Personnel roles, lines
of authority, training, and communication,
(C) Emergency recognition
and prevention,
(D) Safe distances,
(E) Scene security and control,
(F) Evacuation procedures,
(G) Decontamination,
(H) Emergency medical treatment
and first aid,
(I) Personnel withdrawal
procedures,
(J) Critique of response
and follow-up, and
(K) Personal protective equipment
and emergency equipment and response procedures.
(c) The incident commander
must be responsible for:
(A) Identifying of the hazardous
substance and condition,
(B) Implementing emergency
operations,
(C) Ensuring personal protective
equipment is worn,
(D) Limiting access of hot
zone to those with a specific mission assignment,
(E) Implementing decontamination
procedures,
(F) Designating a safety
officer,
(G) Using appropriately trained
personnel, and
(H) Providing on-scene medical
surveillance for emergency responders.
(23) Fire Apparatus Area.
(a) Walkways around apparatus
must be kept free of obstructions.
(b) The station’s apparatus
floors must be kept free of grease, oil, and tripping hazards.
(c) Exhaust gases from apparatus
within buildings must be maintained within the limits of Division 2/Z, 437-002-0382,
Oregon Air Contaminant Rules. See Appendix B (Non-mandatory), General Information
and Recommendations, of this standard.
(24) Fire Apparatus Design
and Construction.
(a) Employers who have acquired
used fire apparatus or used military equipment prior to July 1, 1985 are not required
to bring them under a more stringent code than the one in force at the time the
apparatus was manufactured. The exceptions to 437-002-0182(24)(a) are:
(A) Restraint systems as
required by 437-002-0182(25)(e); and
(B) Roll-over protective
structures (ROPS) on all open top off-road vehicles as required by 437-002-0182(24)(f).
(b) There must be steps,
ladders or railing to allow safe access to and exit from areas on vehicles that
employees access.
(c) Vehicle tailboards must
not project outboard of the vehicle sides or fenders and must be designed to provide
safe footing.
(d) Exhaust systems must
be installed and properly maintained, and must be designed to minimize the exposure
of exhaust gases by employees.
(e) The loaded gross weight
and empty height of the vehicle must be posted in the vehicle such that it can be
clearly read by the driver.
(f) Roll-over protective
structures (ROPS) must be provided, installed and maintained on all open top off-road
vehicles.
(g) Vehicles with an obstructed
view to the rear of the vehicle when backing must be equipped or provided with:
(A) An automatic back-up
alarm that must sound when backing and can be heard over the surrounding noise;
(B) A video camera that provides
the driver a full and clear view of the path of travel behind the vehicle; or
(C) A spotter who stands
to the rear of the vehicle, is visible to the driver in the driver-side mirror and
uses unassisted voice communication, portable radio communication or hand signal
commination to guide the driver while backing.
(25) Fire Apparatus Operation.
(a) Employees must be trained
in the safe operation of each type of vehicle they are authorized to drive.
(b) The employer must not
allow an employee to drive a vehicle on a public highway or road unless they have
a valid driver’s license.
(c) Any item found that may
affect the safe operation of a vehicle must be reported immediately to the officer
in charge or other appropriate person.
(d) Employees must not drive
or ride in any vehicle known to be unsafe.
(e) Employees being transported
by fire department vehicles must ride in designated seat-belted or safety-harnessed
positions.
(f) The employer must not
allow employees to ride on tailboards, tail steps or running boards.
(g) Vehicles must come to
a full stop before employees disembark.
(h) All equipment on a vehicle
must be adequately secured when the vehicle is in motion.
(i) When traffic flow is
inhibited, vehicles equipped with emergency warning lights must be used to control
traffic at emergency scenes. The use of traffic cones, fire department personnel,
police, or other traffic control measures must be used as soon as practical.
(26) Fire Apparatus Maintenance
and Repair. Each employer must establish written records and procedures whereby
apparatus has:
(a) At a minimum, a scheduled
monthly maintenance check; or
(b) A maintenance check each
time the apparatus is returned to the station following an emergency response, drill,
or test drive.
(27) Tires.
(a) No motor vehicle must
be operated on any tire that:
(A) Has body ply or belt
material exposed through the tread or sidewall;
(B) Has any tread or sidewall
separation;
(C) Is flat or has an audible
leak; or
(D) Has a cut to the extent
that the ply or belt material is exposed.
(b) Any tire on the front
wheels of a bus, truck, or truck tractor must have a tread groove pattern depth
of at least 4/32 of an inch when measured at any point on a major tread groove.
The measurements must not be made where tie bars, humps, or fillets are located.
(c) Except as provided in
437-002-0182(27)(b), tires must have a tread groove pattern depth of at least 2/32
of an inch when measured in a major tread groove. The measurement must not be made
where tie bars, humps or fillets are located.
(28) Aerial Devices.
(a) Aerial devices used for
firefighting must be annually inspected and tested by a person qualified in performing
such inspections and tests according to NFPA 1911 (2007): Standard for the Inspection,
Maintenance, Testing, and Retirement of In-service Automotive Fire Apparatus.
(b) Where structural defects
are found in critical components of an aerial device, the repairs must be tested
and certified according to NFPA 1911 (2007): Standard for the Inspection, Maintenance,
Testing, and Retirement of In-service Automotive Fire Apparatus, by a registered
professional engineer, the manufacturer of the apparatus, or an American Welding
Society (AWS) Certified Welding Inspector.
(c) A permanent record of
tests and repairs under 437-002-0182(28)(b) must be maintained for each aerial device.
(29) Hose Drying Towers.
(a) Floor openings on hose
tower platforms must be equipped with a guardrail meeting the requirements of Division
2/D, 1910.23, Guarding Floor and Wall Openings and Holes.
Note: The toeboard requirements for
elevated work platforms in Division 2/D, 1910.23, do not apply to hose drying towers
unless hand tools or objects other than hoses are carried onto the platforms.
(b) Fixed ladders must meet the requirements
of Division 2/D, 437-002-0027, Fixed Ladders.
(c) Ropes used to hoist hose
in the hose towers must have a working load limit that maintains a minimum safety
factor of 3:1.
(30) Drill Towers. Permanent
fixed ladders on the outside of drill towers and drill buildings are exempt from
offset platform landings and ladder cage guards requirements of Division 2/D, 437-002-0027,
Fixed Ladders.
(31) Testing, Maintenance
and Inspection of Fire Service Equipment.
(a) The employer must inspect
and maintain fire service equipment at least annually and perform all tests recommended
by the manufacturer at the date of manufacture.
(b) When the manufacturer’s
recommendations required under 437-002-0182(31)(a) are not available from the manufacturer,
the employer must identify and follow the recommendations of an applicable consensus
standard or curriculum that is nationally recognized and generally accepted by the
fire service industry.
Note: Examples of a consensus standard
or curriculum under 437-002-0182(31)(b) include, but are not limited to, NFPA standards
and IFSTA manuals.
(32) Confined spaces.
(a) Employers must comply
with Division 2/J, 437-002-0146, Confined Spaces, for their own confined spaces.
(b) Employers must comply
with Division 2/J, 437-002-0146, Confined Spaces, when they agree to serve as a
designated rescue service provider.
(c) Employers that will respond
to emergency calls for rescue from confined spaces must:
(A) Train responders to recognize
inherent confined space hazards before assigning or attempting any related duties
in confined space rescues.
(i) Provide responders with
understanding, knowledge, and skills necessary for safe performance of confined
space rescues.
(ii) Practice a confined
space rescue operation at least once every year from a real or simulated confined
space.
(B) Responders must be certified
in writing to Department of Public Safety Standards and Training (DPSST) Firefighter
1 or equivalent.
(C) Use the Incident Management
System (IMS) during confined space rescue incidents that meet the requirements of
NFPA 1561 (2008): Standard on Emergency Services Incident Management System.
(D) Assess the situation
and determine if it qualifies as a confined space incident.
(i) Classify the operation
as a rescue or body recovery.
(ii) Assess and control physical
hazards related to the incident or rescue.
(iii) Assess atmospheric
hazards.
(I) Use calibrated direct-reading
instruments to test the atmosphere in confined spaces for oxygen content, flammable
gases and vapors, and toxic air contaminates.
(II) When calibrated direct-reading
instruments are not available, the Incident Commander must assume the situation
is IDLH and ensure that responders who enter are equipped with appropriate respiratory
protective equipment that comply with Division 2/I, 1910.134, Respiratory Protection.
(iv) Determine if the space
should be ventilated.
(v) Determine the precautions
and procedures to follow for safe entry into the space.
(E) Provide the appropriate
rescue, emergency, and personal protective equipment for safe entry into and rescue
from confined spaces.
(F) Provide necessary equipment
to facilitate non-entry retrieval for responders, unless the retrieval equipment
would increase the overall risk or would not contribute to the rescue operations.
Table [Table not included.
See ED. NOTE.]
[ED. NOTE: Appendices referenced are not included in rule text. Click here for PDF copy of appendices.]
Stat. Auth.: ORS 654.025(2)
& 656.726(4)
Stats. Implemented: ORS 654.001
- 654.295
Hist.: OSHA 10-1993, f. 7-29-93,
cert. ef. 9-15-93; OSHA 4-1997, f. & cert. ef. 4-2-97; OSHA 2-2000, f. &
cert. ef. 1-28-00; OSHA 12-2001, f. & cert. ef. 10-26-01; OSHA 3-2005, f. &
cert. ef. 6-10-05; OSHA 9-2008, f. 9-19-08, cert. ef. 1-1-09; OSHA 8-2009, f. 7-9-09,
cert. ef. 10-1-09; OSHA 1-2012, f. & cert .ef. 4-10-12; OSHA 6-2012, f. 9-28-12,
cert. ef. 4-1-13; OSHA 4-2015, f. 10-23-15, cert. ef. 7-1-16
437-002-0187
Portable Fire Extinguishers
This rule applies to portable fire extinguishers not in vehicles or vessels.
NOTE: The Oregon Office of State Fire Marshal and your local fire marshal also have rules that apply to portable fire extinguishers.
YOUR RESPONSIBILITY:
To assure that you provide functional extinguishers and your employees know when and how to use them safely.
If another Oregon rule requires you to provide fire extinguishers, the following exemptions do not apply to you.
EXEMPTIONS:
You are exempt from these rules if:
Your portable fire extinguishers are not accessible to employees.
AND
You have a written fire safety policy that requires the immediate and total evacuation of employees in the event of fire.
NOTE: This fire safety policy is not the same as your emergency action plan and fire prevention plan.
AND
You have an emergency action plan and fire prevention plan that conform to OAR 437-002-0042 and 437-002-0043.
PARTIAL EXEMPTION:
If extinguishers are present and accessible, but you do not intend employees to use them, AND you have an emergency action plan and fire prevention plan that meet OAR 437-002-0042 and 437-002-0043, then only paragraphs 1, 2, and 3 apply.
See Non-mandatory Appendix A -- Summary of exemptions and rule requirements for 437-002-0187. [Appendix not included. See ED. NOTE.]
Definitions
Accessible -- capable of being reached without hindrance.
Inspection -- A quick check that the extinguisher has not been activated and has no damage or condition that would make it ineffective. This includes a check of the gauge or pressure indicator, if there is one.
Maintenance -- A thorough examination for damage or conditions that would make internal examination or hydrostatic testing necessary more frequently than in Table 2 or 3. [Table not included. See ED. NOTE.]
(1) If you provide extinguishers
You must:
Never provide or allow the use of extinguishers with dangerous or banned agents like carbon tetrachloride or chlorobromomethane.
Never provide or allow the use of soda-acid foam, loaded stream, anti-freeze and water (inverting type) extinguishers. (See the latest NFPA 10 for a complete list of obsolete or banned extinguishers.)
EXEMPTION: You are exempt from the maximum travel distance requirements in Table 1 of this rule if you have an emergency action plan that complies with OAR 437-002-0042, designating which employees are authorized to use the available fire extinguishers and requiring all other employees to evacuate.
Provide and place the correct type and size fire extinguisher according to Table 1. This only applies to extinguishers for use inside buildings.
Table 1 [Table not included. See ED. NOTE.]
Mount extinguishers in a manner appropriate for their type and location.
Not allow extinguishers to sit on the floor, shelves or furniture.
Use appropriate signs or other unique markings to identify extinguisher locations.
Never block access to extinguishers.
(2) Inspection and maintenance
You must:
Visually inspect each extinguisher monthly.
Be sure the extinguishers have a full charge and no defects that prevent effective use.
Remove and replace any extinguisher that is not fully operable.
Complete annual maintenance on each extinguisher using only persons or companies acceptable to your local fire authorities.
Keep a record of the annual maintenance until replaced by a new record. The record must be available to OR-OSHA on request.
Provide replacement extinguishers or some method of coverage for the effected area while extinguishers are out of service for the maintenance check.
Do internal examinations at intervals not longer than the requirements set in Table 2, using only persons or companies acceptable to local fire authorities.
Nonrechargeable extinguishers are good for 12 years from the date of manufacture and then must be taken out of service.
Table 2 [Table not included. See ED. NOTE.]
NOTE: Nonrechargeable extinguishers do not require internal examinations or hydrostatic testing.
(3) Hydrostatic testing
You must:
Assure a hydrostatic test of each extinguisher at intervals in Table 3 or when the extinguisher shows corrosion or physical damage.
Use only persons or companies acceptable to local fire authorities to do hydrostatic testing.
Empty and do applicable maintenance every six years on stored pressure extinguishers that require a 12-year hydrostatic test. This six-year requirement begins again after recharging or hydrostatic testing.
Table 3 [Table not included. See ED. NOTE.]
Keep a record of the hydrostatic test until it is replaced by a new record or the extinguisher is no longer in use. The record must have at least the date of test, test pressure, serial number of the extinguisher (or other unique identifier), and the person or company doing the test.
(4) Employee training
You must:
Train employees in the safe use of extinguishers and standpipe hoses when you require or allow their use. Training must be at first hiring and then annually and must include:
The general methods and tactics of using an extinguisher.
The hazards of using an extinguisher on early stage fires.
Hazards associated with using standpipe hoses.
[ED. NOTE: Tables & Appendicies referenced are available from the agency.]
Stat. Auth.: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(4)

Stat. Implemented: ORS 654.001 - 654.295

Hist.: OSHA 7-2007, f. & cert. ef. 11-8-07; OSHA 10-2008, f. & cert. ef. 12-31-08
Subdivision M — Compressed Gas and Compressed Air Equipment
437-002-0200
Adoption by Reference
In addition to, and not in lieu of, any other safety and health codes contained in OAR chapter 437, the Department adopts by reference the following federal rules as printed in the Code of Federal Regulations, 29 CFR 1910, revised as of 7/1/96, and any subsequent amendments published in the Federal Register as listed below:
(1) 29 CFR 1910.166 (Reserved).
(2) 29 CFR 1910.167 (Reserved).
(3) 29 CFR 1910.168 (Reserved).
(4) 29 CFR 1910.169 Air receivers, published 6/27/74, Federal Register, vol. 39, p. 23502; amended 2/10/84, FR vol. 49, p. 5322; 3/7/96, FR vo. 61, no. 46, p. 9239.
(5) 29 CFR 1910.170 Removed. Published 3/7/96, Federal Register, vol. 61, no. 46, p. 9239.
(6) 29 CFR 1910.171 Removed. Published 3/7/96, Federal Register, vol. 61, no. 46, p. 9239.
These rules are available at the Oregon Occupational Safety and Health Division, Oregon Department of Consumer and Business Services, and the United States Government Printing Office.
Stat. Auth.: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(3)

Stat. Implemented: ORS 654.001 - 654.295

Hist.: OSHA 10-1993, f. 7-29-93, cert. ef. 9-15-93; OSHA 4-1997, f. & cert. ef. 4-2-97

Oregon-Initiated Rules

437-002-0210
Additional Oregon Rules for Compressed Air and Compressed Gas Equipment
(1) Air and Gas Compressors -- General:
(a) Workers shall not use compressed gases to clean clothing which is being worn nor shall it be intentionally directed at any other person;
NOTE: Use of compressed air for cleaning work and work areas is also prohibited except under special conditions. See OAR Chapter 437, Division 2/P, Hand and Portable Powered Tools and Other Hand-Held Equipment.
(b) Hose connections shall be securely made and maintained in safe working condition. Effective means shall be used to prevent hose from whipping.
(2) Piping Systems:
(a) All piping systems and their component parts which are installed to carry air, steam, or other material at more than atmospheric pressure shall be of adequate design and strength to safely withstand pressures to be placed upon them without the resulting stresses exceeding the allowable stress for the material used in their construction. The allowable stresses to be used shall be determined by referring to recognized standards for materials and design as developed by the American National Standards Institute;
(b) The only non-metallic pipe acceptable for pressure line service with gaseous substances is that which is recommended and listed by its manufacturer as designed for compressed air or gas service. PVC pipe can only be used for compressed air if it is buried or encased;
(c) All compressed air or gas piping systems which use plastic pipe must be "project specific"; that is, designed by a competent person to specifications suited for a particular application or project. Design and operational specifications and information must be kept with the system for as long as it is in use;
(d) Only a competent person(s) may install any compressed air or gas piping system described in subsections (b) and (c) of this section.
(3) High Temperature Piping:
(a) All steam and other high temperature pipe lines within seven feet of the floor or work platform or passageway shall be covered with non-combustible insulating material or otherwise protected against accidental contact with persons;
(b) Steam hose connections shall be securely made and maintained in safe working condition. Effective means shall be used to prevent hose from whipping.
Stat. Auth.: ORS 654.025(2) & ORS 656.726(3)

Stats. Implemented: ORS 654.001 - ORS 654.295

Hist.: OSHA 10-1993, f. 7-29-93, cert. ef. 9-15-93



Subdivision N — Materials Handling and Storage

437-002-0220
Adoption by Reference
In addition to, and not in lieu
of, any other safety and health codes contained in OAR chapter 437, the Department
adopts by reference the following federal regulations printed as part of the Code
of Federal Regulations, 29 CFR 1910, in the Federal Register:
(1) 29 CFR 1910.176 Handling
materials — general, published 10/24/78, FR vol. 43, p. 49749.
(2) 29 CFR 1910.177 Servicing
of multi-piece and single piece rim wheels; published 12/27/11, FR vol. 76, no.
248, p. 80735.
(3) 29 CFR 1910.178 Powered
industrial trucks, published 4/3/06, FR vol. 71, no. 63, p. 16669.
(4) 29 CFR 1910.179 Overhead
and gantry cranes, published 3/7/96, FR vol. 61, no. 46, p. 9239.
(5) 29 CFR 1910.180 Crawler,
locomotive and truck cranes, published 3/7/96, FR vol. 61, no. 46, p. 9239.
(6) 29 CFR 1910.181 Derricks,
published 3/7/96, FR vol. 61, no. 46, p. 9240.
(7) 29 CFR 1910.182 Removed.
Published 3/7/96, Federal Register, vol. 61, no. 46, p. 9240.
(8) 29 CFR 1910.183 Helicopters,
published 6/18/98, FR vol. 63, no. 117, p. 33467.
(9) 29 CFR 1910.184 Slings,
published 6/8/11, Federal Register, vol. 76, no. 110, p. 33590.
(10) 29 CFR 1910.189 Removed.
Published 3/7/96, Federal Register, vol. 61, no. 46, p. 9240.
(11) 29 CFR 1910.190 Removed.
Published 3/7/96, Federal Register, vol. 61, no. 46, p. 9240.
These rules are on file at the
Oregon Occupational Safety and Health Division, Department of Consumer and Business
Services, and the United States Government Printing Office.
Stat. Auth.: ORS 654.025(2)
& 656.726(4)

Stats. Implemented: ORS 654.001
- 654.295

Hist.: OSHA 13-1993, f. 8-20-93,
cert. ef. 11-1-93; OSHA 4-1997, f. & cert. ef. 4-2-97; OSHA 2-1999, f. &
cert. ef. 4-30-99; OSHA 6-1999, f. & cert. ef. 5-26-99; OSHA 12-2001, f. &
cert. ef. 10-26-01; OSHA 7-2003, f. & cert. ef. 12-5-03; OSHA 4-2006, f. &
cert. ef. 7-24-06; OSHA 3-2011, f. & cert. ef. 11-1-11; OSHA 4-2011, f. &
cert. ef. 12-8-11; OSHA 1-2012, f. & cert .ef. 4-10-12

Oregon Initiated Rules

437-002-0221
Additional Oregon Rules for Handling Materials
(1) Definitions:
(a) "Aerial Cableways" An aerial cableway is a cable-supported system in which the material-handling carrier is not detached from the operating span and the travel is wholly within the span. A cableway transports a load for short distances, in a single carrier traveling back and forth on a single cable, or on multiple parallel cables, a hoisting operation being combined with the transfer of the load; the operation is intermittent;
(b) Aerial Tramways" An aerial tramway is a cable-supported system in which the travel of the materials handling carriers is continuous or reversible over the supports of one or more spans. On continuous tramways, a series of loaded carriers travel in one direction. On reversible tramways, one carrier travels back and forth on a cable. Bi-cable tramways have a fixed track cable, along which the carriers are hauled by a traction rope. Twin-cable tramways are similar, except that carriers run on a pair of track cables. Mono-cable tramways have a single running rope to support and move the carriers.
(2) General:
(a) Permanent aisles and passageways shall be appropriately marked;
(b) Pile foundations shall be designed and arranged to support maximum loads without sinking, sagging, or permitting piles to tip;
(c) Containers of toxic, flammable, radioactive, or irritating substances shall be properly labeled and stored as specified in other sections of the Oregon Occupational Safety and Health Code;
(d) Aisles and passageways shall be kept clear to provide for the free and safe movement of material handling equipment and employees.
(3) Disposal of Material:
(a) Scrap, waste material, and rubbish shall be removed at reasonable intervals from the immediate work are as the work progresses. Materials shall not be permitted to accumulate in such volume as to impede safe access to the work area;
(b) All solvent waste, oily rags, and flammable liquids shall be kept in fire resistant covered containers.
(4) Storage -- Location:
(a) Stored material shall not obstruct lights, sprinklers, and other fire extinguishing equipment, aisles, exits, or electrical switch panels;
(b) Temporarily stored material that creates a hazard shall be marked by highly visible warning signs;
(c) In conditions of reduced visibility, reflectorized signs shall be used on temporarily stored material which creates a hazard. If conditions make reflectorized signs ineffective, the sign shall be lighted or other effective warning shall be used;
(d) Materials which could cause hazardous reactions shall be kept segregated in storage and marked with appropriate warning signs.
(5) Stacks and Piles. All material stacks and piles shall be placed on level and solid supports and shall be stable and self-supporting.
(6) Bricks and Blocks:
(a) Brick stacks shall not be more than seven feet in height. When a loose brick stack reaches a height of four feet, it shall be cross-tied and tapered back two inches in every foot of height above the four-foot level;
(b) When masonry blocks are stacked higher than six feet, the stack shall be cross-tied and tapered back one-half block per tier above the six-foot level.
(7) Lumber:
NOTE: OAR Chapter 437, Division 2/R, Special Industries, 1910.265, Sawmills, contains requirements for unitizing, stacking, and transporting lumber and wood products at manufacturing facilities and mills.
(a) Used lumber shall have all nails removed before stacking;
(b) Lumber stacks shall be made of units whose height is no more than 1-1/2 feet higher than the base;
(c) Manual handling of lumber from stacks shall not be done from atop stacks more than one unit in height.
(8) Bagged Materials:
(a) Bagged materials shall be stacked by stepping back the layers and crosskeying the bags at least every ten bags high;
NOTE: This requirement does not apply where pallets effectively stabilize the stack of bagged materials.
(b) When bags are removed from a pile, the stability of the pile shall be maintained.
(9) Loose Material -- Sand, Gravel, Crushed Rock, Sawdust, Etc. Undercutting of stock piles is prohibited; materials in such piles shall be kept as near as is practical to the angle or repose and present no hazard to employees.
(10) Corrugated and Flat Iron -- Steel:
(a) Corrugated and flat iron shall be stacked in stable piles;
(b) Racks capable of supporting the imposed loads without deformation shall be used for storing steel plate on edge and shall provide positive protection against the danger to personnel from toppling or sliding plates.
(11) Pipe and Bar Stock:
(a) In removing pipe and bar stock from unsecured piles, workers shall not approach the side of the pile but shall remove it from the ends of the pile;
(b) Pipe or bar stock extending into passageways shall be clearly marked or padded.
(12) Drums, Rolls, Cylindrical Objects:
(a) Barrels, drums, large pipe, rolls of paper, and other cylindrical objects piled on their sides shall have the bottom row securely blocked. If separators are used between rows of the pile, blocks shall be secured at each end of the separators;
(b) Spacing strips shall be placed between bundles;
(c) Structural steel, poles, pipe, bar stock and other cylindrical materials, unless racked, shall be stacked and blocked to prevent spreading, tilting, or rolling.
(13) Equipment Design and Construction:
(a) All equipment, structures, and appurtenances used for handling or storing materials shall be designed, constructed and maintained in accordance with sound engineering practices and the specifications and recommendations of the manufacturer. They shall be of sufficient strength to support the loads acting on them in addition to their own dead loads. Allowances shall be made for wind, impact, erection and any special loadings that may occur. No combination of these loadings shall be permitted to cause a stress in any member that exceeds the allowable stress for the material of that member;
(b) Safe load capacities recommended by the manufacturers of equipment shall not be exceeded;
(c) Workers shall not remain or work under or near elevated loads and units of materials being moved unless they are provided with adequate protection;
(d) Loads suspended in slings or supported by hoists, jacks, or other devices, shall be blocked or cribbed before workers are permitted to work underneath;
(e) Materials shall not be dropped or thrown from an elevation where this procedure might endanger other workers;
NOTE: In such cases, materials should be lowered by means of proper riggings, slings, conveyors, chutes, or other safe means.
(f) Tag lines or guide ropes shall be provided and used whenever manual guidance is required to control swinging loads;
(g) Structures and devices used for loading and unloading performed units, loads, pallet boards, or trays shall be of construction and material to maintain safe support for the loads being handled on them;
(h) Pallet boards, and trays shall be loaded in a manner that will ensure stability of loads.
(14) Conveyors, General. Conveyors shall meet the applicable requirements for design, construction, inspection, testing, maintenance and operation as prescribed in ANSI B20.1-1957, Safety Code for Conveyors, Cableways, and Related Equipment.
(15) Controls of Conveyors:
(a) Means for stopping the motor or engine shall be provided at the operator's station;
(b) If the operator's station is remote from the power source, provisions for stopping the motor or engine shall be provided at the motor or engine location and at the operator's station;
(c) Conveyor systems shall be equipped with an audible warning signal to be sounded immediately before starting up the conveyor;
NOTE: This requirement does not apply to portable single unit conveyors where other warning methods are effective.
(d) Emergency stop devices shall be arranged so that the conveyor cannot be started again until the actuator has been reset to running or "on" position;
NOTE: Automatic electrical or mechanical stopping devices should be provided on a conveyor where the equipment into which it feeds has been stopped or has been blocked so that it cannot receive additional materials.
(e) Where overload conditions would create a hazard to workers, overload protection shall be provided.
(16) Backstops, Brakes on Conveyors. Inclined conveyors, where reversing or running away presents a hazard to workers, shall be provided with anti-runaway, backstop devices, or suitable guards.
(17) Loading, Transfer and Discharge Points of Conveyors:
(a) Means to guard workers from injury by moving material shall be provided at a conveyor loading, transfer and discharge points;
(b) The area around all loading and unloading points shall be kept clear of obstructions.
(18) Conveyor Guards:
(a) Screw conveyors shall be guarded to prevent employee contact with turning flights;
(b) Where a conveyor passes over work area, aisles and thoroughfares, suitable guards shall be provided to prevent material from falling from the conveyor;
(c) Return sections of conveyors higher than seven feet and located over or near passageways and work areas, shall be supported by roller or guards;
(d) Conveyor troughs in which moving sections of a conveyor operate shall be of ample dimensions and strength to carry broken conveyor parts;
(e) Conveyor drive mechanisms and power driven parts shall be guarded in accordance with the requirements in OAR Chapter 437, Division 2/O, Machine Guarding;
(f) Input conveyors for chippers, burners, furnaces, or other dangerous machines shall be fully guarded to prevent workers from falling to the conveyor. Where a part of the guard must be omitted to permit a worker to feet the conveyor, he or she shall be provided with and shall wear a life belt tied off to an effective lifeline;
(g) Conveyor crossovers, aisles, and passageways shall be conspicuously marked by suitable signs;
(h) Workers shall not cross over conveyors except where suitable bridges or walkways are provided.
(19) Portable Conveyors:
(a) Portable conveyors shall be stable at all operating ranges and shall be provided with adequate devices to prevent unintended movement;
(b) Portable conveyors, when powered electrically, shall be grounded as required in OAR Chapter 437, Division 2/S, Electrical. Where exposed to outside weather conditions, wiring, switches, and electrical connections shall be moisture and dust proof.
(20) Riding Conveyors Prohibited. Workers shall not be permitted to ride on any conveyor not especially designed for this purpose.
(21) Ramps, Skids, Rollways:
(a) Adequate means for slowing material being put down chutes, slides, or inclines shall be provided whenever excessive speed might create a hazard to workers;
(b) Where the person putting material down a chute, ramp, skid, or rollway does not have a clear view of a lower landing on which workers are employed, an adequate horn, bell or other warning device which is automatic in operation shall be provided and maintained in good condition at all times;
(c) The underside of all chutes, ramps, skids, rollways or landings shall be fenced off and marked with appropriate warning signs unless provided with other adequate means of protecting workers from falling material.
NOTE: Definitions for Aerial Cableways and Tramways are contained in OAR 437-002-0221(1).
(22) Cableway Carriage and Fall Rope Carriers:
(a) Cableway carriage and fall rope carriers shall be so constructed that no adjustments are required while cableway is in operation and that adjustments, when made, may be locked. Fall rope carriers are used to prevent the weight of the hauling rope itself causing sufficient tension to overhaul the load carrier or fall block. On spans of 600 feet or more, where the carriage works to the center of the span or beyond, slack carriers shall be provided to support the operating ropes. A button line or equivalent device shall be provided to space the carriers at approximate intervals along the span;
(b) Carriages shall have approved mesh guards for the operating sheaves and hand grips throughout the full length of the carriage. Footwalk and toeboards, for ready access to maintenance riggers and for inspection of the operating ropes, sheaves, beckets, and structural parts of the carriage;
(c) Sheaves carrying operating ropes should be as recommended by the rope manufacturer. In no case shall the pitch diameter of sheaves be less than 42 times rope diameter for 6 x 7 rope, 30 times rope diameter for 6 x 19 rope, 18 times rope diameter for 6 x 37 rope, and 21 times rope diameter for 8 x 19 rope. The sheaves shall have "V" grooves and the radius of the groove shall be 55 percent of the rope diameter.
(23) Operating Ropes. Operating ropes shall be of wire rope construction suitable for the requirements of the cableway. End fastenings shall develop at least 89 percent of the ultimate strength of the rope. Rope ends shall be arranged for complete and easy inspection.
(24) Track Cable Systems. If the design requires that track cables be carried over saddles, care must be taken to see that the saddle radius, rope lubrication and inspection provisions conform to rope manufacturer's recommendations. Track cable connections shall be properly applied sockets using only pure zinc. Clamped ends develop only about 75 percent of the strength of the rope and therefore are not recommended. Supporting members carrying track cable tensions shall be forged steel or rolled steel carrying stress in the direction of rolling. These members shall be arranged so that loads are carried concentrically and so that no eccentric load can be applied to them or to the track cable connections by virtue of failure or non-operation of any joint baring in the track system.
(25) Backstay. Backstay carrying track cable tensions shall be designed to support the entire load disregarding any load carrying help from side guys.
(26) Side Guys. Side guys shall be so proportioned that no more than two are regarded as acting at the same time, unless equipped with an equalizing bar, sheave, or other approved device not subject to freezing temperatures. If a hydraulic or pneumatic equalizing device is used, provisions must be made to avoid or counteract the effect of loss of fluid in the system.
(27) Anchorages:
(a) Anchorages for track cable tensions shall be proportioned so that they are stable under the ultimate strength of the track cable or backstays. Steel rods, preferably embedded in concrete or block asphalt, should be used for the portion of the backstay where the anchorage tension is carried through earth. Wire rope guys shall never be used in contact with earth. Double the ultimate strength of the backstay shall be provided, together with anticorrosion protection in the form of grease, tar, etc.;
(b) Supporting structures, fixed towers, movable towers, etc., shall be designed to withstand full known loads plus allowance for impact with due regard for the nature of the structural elements, type of structure, and the manner of application and release of loads. Ladders, platforms and handholds shall be supplied to facilitate the inspection of towers, cableways parts attached to them, and the changing of lines and other maintenance work around them.
(28) Operation and Maintenance of Cableway:
(a) The cableway supervisor and operator shall be charged with the responsibility for allowing only authorized and properly qualified parties around the cableway rig;
(b) Inspection of the complete rig (track cables, carriage, operating ropes, structures, hoisting engine, electrical apparatus, and other operating parts) shall be made by the supervising safety engineer or other designated qualified person each day if the rig is operating 24 hour a day or at such other intervals as justified by lesser operating schedules for the rig.
NOTE: These inspections, at the discretion of the supervisor, may be made while the rig is in operation.
(c) During the required safety inspection, special attention shall be paid to:
(A) Operating ropes at the becket ends, overwraps on the drum or hoist and sheave points if pickups are made at the same point repeatedly;
(B) Track cable for broken wires near sockets and in the span under the pickup or unloading point and for broken wires and worn or faulty track cable socket bearings;
(C) Slack carriers for loose or broken parts, and to see that the carrier rollers turn freely and are well oiled;
(D) Electrical system, especially for faulty connection where the current might possibly go to ground through the earth rope, traveling towers, tracks, wheels, journals and tower moving apparatus.
(d) Operating ropes shall be re-becketed on a regular program. Re-becketing after 30 or more operating shifts is suggested. At least four rope lay lengths shall be cut off each time. Operating ropes shall be repaired or replaced in accordance with the recommendations of the wire rope manufacturer;
(e) The recommendations of the wire rope manufacturer shall be followed in re-socketing track cables in replacing regular strand, locked coil or other armored construction track cable;
(f) Hoist brakes and frictions shall be maintained in good condition at all times. Hoisting engine shall be located so that the operating ropes have the proper fleet angle to the nearest sheave which shall be oriented to lead to the center of the drum in the hoist. The hoist operator should be located so that he or she can see the hoist and working area of the cableway;
(g) Hook tenders serving the cableway will be permitted to "ride the hook" if the ground does not permit other access. Proper foot stands and hand holds shall be provided for two persons on the hook, fall block, safety belts and lifelines used; otherwise a manskip must be used. Signals for the operation of the rig may be given to a signalperson or to the operator. Inexperienced hook tenders shall not ride the hook alone until they have had a period of 30 working shifts with an experienced cableway hook tender;
(h) Loads carried by cableways shall be secured by safety hooks, or shackles, in such a manner that they cannot shift or slip while suspended by the cableway. Load hooks shall be provided with safety shields to keep the load slings on the hook. Slings must be used in pairs so that the load will not untwist the lay of a single rope;
(i) If the cableway is not in use for a 24-hour period or more, an inspection of the hoist shall be made before the cableway is started;
(j) For use in controlling cableway operations, appropriate telephone or other signal system shall be provided;
(k) Suitable lighting shall be provided at critical points for night operation and repairs.
(29) Aerial Tramway Truck Cables and Hauling Ropes:
(a) Track cables and hauling ropes shall be of appropriate, construction and adequate capacity for the life, type and nature of the installation;
(b) Tail ropes shall be provided to avoid jerky operation and possible derailment;
(c) Suitable adjustment should be provided to maintain the original design relation of hauling rope and tail rope tensions. The vertical component of rope tensions should always be such that the rope never tends to lift out of the support sheaves;
(d) Carriage hauling rope grips shall be designed to supply the necessary pulling components without damage to the rope due to slippage or excessive grip pressures. Hauling rope down pull on carriers must be kept to a minimum to prevent damage to rope and to avoid damaging the bucket hangers.
(30) Aerial Tramway Drives:
(a) Tramway drives shall be equipped with a brake on the same shaft as the drive sheave. The brake system shall be adequate for stopping and holding the load at any point. The brake shall not be used for absorbing power developed by overhauling load during normal operation. Such developed power should be dissipated electrically, hydraulically or pneumatically. The main drive brake shall be applied automatically if electric power fails;
(b) The driving sheave control shall be such that reduction of velocity is automatic as the bucket(s) approaches the terminal station.
(31) Wire Rope Sockets on Aerial Tramways. Wire rope connections shall be properly applied sockets using only pure zinc or connections which provide 100 percent of the strength of the rope.
(32) Aerial Tramway Tower Saddles. Tower saddles for track cables shall have ample radii to minimize bending stress and thus prolong the life of the cables. Stationary curved saddles of long radius may be employed where the cable breakover angle exceeds that possible with a rocking saddle. The radius of the saddle shall be large enough to reduce the bearing pressure to a value which will permit the cable to slide in the saddle groove. All saddles must be lubricated at regular intervals.
(33) Aerial Tramway Supporting Structure. Supporting structures shall be designed to withstand the full known loads plus allowances for impact with due regard for the nature of the structural elements, the type of structure, and the manner of application and release of loads. Ladders, platforms and handholds shall be provided as necessary to facilitate the inspection of the structures and tramway parts.
(34) Aerial Tramway Crossing Guards. Crossing guards shall be provided where the tramways cross highway, railways, or other passageways. These guards shall be of adequate construction for the type of material being handled on the tramway.
(35) Aerial Tramway Operation and Maintenance:
(a) The tramway supervisor shall be charged with the responsibility for allowing only authorized and properly qualified parties around the tramway rig;
(b) Inspection of the complete rig, track cables, buckets, structures, drives, electrical apparatus, and other operating parts shall be made at regular intervals. Only the tramway supervisor and personnel designated by him or her shall be allowed to "ride" the buckets and then only in performance of a specific duty such as inspection of track cables;
(c) Grips on continuous tramways shall be inspected and adjusted at periodic intervals. Worn parts shall be replaced promptly;
(d) Lubrication of track cables, hauling rope bearings, rails and guides shall be performed at regular intervals.
NOTE: The lubrication of the hauling rope should preferably be continuous by means of a controlled drop feed from an oil reservoir at one or both ends of the line. This lubrication should not occur as the rope enters the driving sheave, but rather as the rope leaves the drive sheave and passes over a support sheave.
(e) Where counterweighted spans are used, the counterweight shall hang free when the cable is fully loaded. The deflection of anchored spans shall be adjusted by take-up means provided to keep the cable tension within the proper limits.
(36) Aerial Tramway Traffic Control System:
(a) There shall be at least three control systems, as the operation of an aerial tramway is dangerous without alternate communication systems.
NOTE: Recommended Communications Systems:
(1) A bell signal code and push button stations for warning of stop, start, slow speed, high speed, and reverse. Portable linesman sets should be provided for tapping along the line;
(2) An all metallic aerial wire circuit telephone with instruments at certain points along the line in addition to the terminal sets;
(3) A second telephone circuit which may be grounded if desired.
(b) Condensers for static elimination and lightning arrestors should be installed to protect instruments;
(c) Protection should be provided against short-circuiting of the telephone and bell circuits by water running down the line supports and diverting current to the towers and station steel;
(d) Suitable lighting shall be provided at critical points along the line for night operation and repairs;
(e) When vehicles are drawn up an incline by means of a cable, the cable shall be in alignment with the central line between the vehicle tread and the hoisting drum. A substantial bumper shall be installed at the foot of the incline, or if the vehicle travels beyond this point, at the end of its runway. Workers shall not ride on the vehicle nor remain in a position behind the vehicle when it is in motion.
(37) Material Hoists -- General Requirements:
(a) All material hoist towers shall be designed, built, and tested under the direction of a licensed professional engineer;
(b) The employer shall comply with the manufacturer's specifications and limitations applicable to the operation of all hoists and elevators. Where manufacturer's specifications are not available, the limitations assigned to the equipment shall be based on the determinations of a professional engineer competent in the field;
(c) Platforms of ample size and strength with standard railings shall be built at each level where persons work. See requirement in OAR Chapter 437, Division 2/D, Walking-Working Surfaces;
(d) Standard railings shall be placed on the open sides of runways connecting the tower to the structure with a gate provided at all openings into the tower;
(e) Rated load capacities, recommended operating speeds, and special hazard warnings or instructions shall be posted on cars and platforms;
(f) Hoisting ropes shall be installed in accordance with the wire rope manufacturer's recommendations;
(g) Wire rope shall be removed from service when any of the following conditions exist:
(A) In hoisting ropes, six randomly distributed broken wires in one rope lay or three broken wires in one strand in one rope lay;
(B) Abrasion, scrubbing, flattening, or peening, causing loss of more than one-third of the original diameter of the outside wires;
(C) Evidence of any heat damage or any damage caused by contact with electrical wires;
(D) Reduction from nominal diameter of more than 3/64 inch for diameters up to and including 3/4 inch; 1/16 inch for diameters 7/8 to 1-1/8 inch; and 3/32 inch for diameters 1-1/4 to 1-1/2 inches.
(h) All welding on critically stressed members of hoisting devices shall be performed within the current standards of the American Welding Society and the welding performed by welders qualified to perform high quality welding;
(i) The installation of live booms on hoists is prohibited;
(j) Operating rules shall be established and posted at the operator's station of the hoist. Such rules including signal system and allowable speed for various loads shall be enforced. Rules and notices shall be posted on the car frame or crossheads in a conspicuous location, including the statement "No Riders Allowed";
(k) Hoisting machines, except those equipped with automotive controls, shall be operated by regularly assigned, trained operators;
(l) No person shall be allowed to ride on material hoists except for the purposes of inspection and maintenance. Such rides shall be made without material aboard except that necessary for the purpose of inspection and/or maintenance;
(m) All entrances of the hoistways shall be protected by substantial gates which shall guard the full width of the landing entrance. All hoistway entrance gates shall be painted with diagonal contrasting colors, such as black and yellow stripes;
(n) Gates shall be of not less than 2- by 4-inch wood or the equivalent, located no less than two feet from the hoistway line. Gates shall be no less than 42 inches high;
(o) Gates protecting the entrances to hoistways shall be equipped with a latching device;
(p) Overhead protective covering of 2-inch planking, 3/4-inch plywood, or other solid material of equivalent strength shall be provided on the top of every material hoist cage or platform;
(q) The operator's station of a hoisting machine shall be provided with overhead protection equivalent to tight planking not less than two inches thick. The support for the overhead protection shall be of equal or greater strength;
(r) When using a hoist for long material, the material shall be securely fastened to the hoist so that no part of the load can fall or project beyond the sides of the hoist;
(s) Blocking, tie-downs, or other effective means to secure loads or materials, when necessary, shall be provided at all hoist platforms;
(t) Hoist towers may be used with or without an enclosure on all sides. However, whichever alternative is chosen, the following applicable conditions shall be met:
(A) When a hoist tower is enclosed, it shall be enclosed on all sides for its entire height with a screen enclosure of 1/2-inch mesh, No. 18 U.S. gauge wire or equivalent, except for landing access;
(B) When a hoist tower is not enclosed, the hoist platform or car shall be totally enclosed (caged) on all sides for the full height between the floor and the overhead protective covering with 1/2-inch mesh of No. 14 U.S. gauge wire or equivalent. The hoist platform enclosure shall include the required gates for loading and unloading. A six-foot high enclosure shall be provided on the unused sides of the hoist tower at ground level.
(u) Car arresting devices shall be installed to function in case of rope failure.
(38) Automotive Hoists:
(a) Whenever automotive hoists are elevated with a load to a position which presents a hazard to employees, the lift shall be supported by a safety device capable of preventing descent should the lift fail in any manner;
(b) Lifts will be operated in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations and those of ANSI B153.1-1990;
(c) Vehicles will be placed on lifts in accordance with manufacturers recommendations and in a manner to assure stability.
Stat. Auth.: ORS 654.025(2) & ORS 656.726(3)

Stats. Implemented: ORS 654.001 - ORS 654.295

Hist.: WCB 7-1974, f. 3-19-74, ef. 4-15-74; WCB 30-1974, f. 7-5-74, ef. 9-1-74; WCB 23-1976, f. 9-8-76, ef. 11-15-76; WCB 3-1977, f. 3-18-77, ef. 6-1-77; WCD 4-1979, f. 5-21-79, ef. 7-15-79; APD 12-1988, f. & ef. 7-22-88; OSHA 13-1993, f. 8-20-93, cert. ef. 11-1-93; OSHA 1-1996, f. & cert. ef. 2-16-96
437-002-0223
Oregon Rules for Commercial and Industrial Vehicles
(1) Application. Roll-over protective structures (ROPS) shall be provided, installed and maintained on industrial vehicles which were manufactured after July 1, 1969. ROPS requirements apply to the following types of industrial vehicles and equipment: Rubber-tired self-propelled scrapers; front-end loaders and dozers; skid-steer equipment; wheel-type industrial tractors; crawler tractors; crawler-type loaders; and motor graders, with or without attachments, that are used in industrial work. This requirement does not apply to sideboom pipe laying tractors, or other vehicles whose structure prevents overturn, or to tractors used only in farming operations.
(2) ROPS -- General Requirements.
(a) Roll-over protective structures and their supporting attachments to industrial vehicles shall be capable of supporting twice the weight of the vehicle, applied at the point of impact.
(b) The design objective for roll-over protective structures on industrial vehicles shall be to minimize the likelihood of a complete vehicle overturn, and to minimize the possibility of the operator being crushed.
(c) A vertical clearance of at least 52 inches between the work deck and the ROPS canopy is required for ingress and egress.
(d) ROPS which have been removed for any reason, shall be remounted with equal quality, or better, bolts or welding as required for the original mounting.
(3) Defects.
(a) Defects in ROPS shall be repaired by equal quality or better materials and welding as required for the original structure.
(b) Minimum performance criteria for roll-over protective structures for designated vehicles are contained in the following Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) standards:
(A) Prime movers, for scrapers, water wagons, bottom dump wagons, side dump wagons, rear dump wagons, towed fifth wheel attachments. (SAE J320, September 1972)
(B) Wheeled front-end loaders and wheeled dozers. (SAE J394a, September 1972)
(C) Track-type tractors and front-end loaders. (SAE J395a, September 1972)
(D) Motor graders. (SAE J396a, September 1972)
(E) Wheel-type agricultural and industrial tractors. (SAE J167, 1971)
(F) Falling object protective structures (FOPS). (SAE J231, May 1971)
(4) Identification of ROPS. Each ROPS shall have the following information permanently affixed to the structure:
(a) Manufacturer or fabricator's name and address;
(b) ROPS model number, if any; and
(c) Machine make, model, or series number that the structure is designed to fit.
(5) Approved Structures. Any machine in use, equipped with roll-over protective structures, shall be deemed in compliance with OAR 437-002-0223(37) through (41) if it meets the roll-over protective structure requirements of the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, or the Bureau of Reclamation of the U. S. Department of the Interior, in effect on April 5, 1972. The requirements in effect are:
(a) U. S. Army Corps of Engineers: General Safety Requirements, EM-385-1-1 (March 1967).
(b) Bureau of Reclamation, U. S. Department of the Interior: Safety and Health Regulations for Construction, Part II (September 1971).
(6) Roadways.
(a) Roadways shall be of sufficient width and evenness to ensure the safe operation of equipment.
(b) Sufficient turnouts shall be provided and a safe side clearance shall be maintained along roads and runways.
(c) Low clearance areas under conveyors which could present a hazard to mobile equipment operations shall be identified by a suitable means, such as signs, contrasting colors, or flags.
(d) Broken planking, deep holes, large rocks, logs or other dangerous surface defects shall be corrected before any equipment is used thereon.
(e) Obstructions to clear view at intersections or on sharp curves shall be removed or all reasonable precautions taken to relieve the hazards of these conditions.
(f) An ample supply of nonskid materials, such as coarse sand or finely crushed rock, shall be available and used on slippery surfaces.
(g) Road grades shall not be too steep for safe operation of vehicles which operate over them and shall not exceed 20 percent in any case unless an auxiliary means of lowering vehicles is provided or unless vehicles are specifically designed and approved for operation on grades in excess of 20 percent.
(7) Access Roadways, Grades.
(a) No employer shall move, or cause to be moved, vehicles upon any access roadway or grade unless the access roadway or grade is constructed and maintained to accommodate safely the movement of the equipment and vehicles involved.
(b) Every emergency access ramp and berm used by an employer shall be constructed to restrain and control runaway vehicles.
(c) Elevated bridges, runways or ramps and loading docks shall be constructed to safely support at least four times the weight of any load to which it may be subjected. Ramps shall be covered with a material which will minimize the danger of skidding.
(d) The maximum inclination of a ramp used for wheeled equipment shall not exceed 20 percent from horizontal.
(e) Elevated bridges, ramps or runways used for the travel of wheeled equipment shall have exposed sides guarded with a substantial bull rail or sheer rail of sufficient height to prevent wheeled equipment from going over the rail.
[Publications: Publications referenced are available from the agency.]
Stat. Auth.: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(4)

Stats. Implemented: ORS 654.001 - 654.295

Hist.: WCB 30-1974, f. 7-5-74, ef. 9-1-74; WCB 23-1976, f. 9-8-76, ef. 11-15-76; WCB 3-1977, f. 3-18-77, ef. 6-1-77; WCD 7-1980, f. 6-20-80, ef. 7-1-80; WCD 15-1984, f. 10-25-84, ef. 11-1-84; WCD 3-1985, f. 2-22-85, ef. 3-1-85; APD 4-1988, f. & ef. 3-14-88; APD 2-1989, f. 3-1-89, ef. 3-1-89; OSHA 4-1990, f. & cert. ef. 1-23-90; OSHA 13-1993, f. 8-29-93, cert. ef. 11-1-93; OSHA 1-1996, f. & cert. ef. 2-16-96; OSHA 6-2000, f. & cert. ef. 6-26-00; OSHA 12-2001, f. & cert. ef. 10-26-01; OSHA 2-2003, f. & cert. ef. 1-30-03; OSHA 6-2007, f. & cert. ef. 9-26-07
437-002-0227
Additional Oregon Rules for Powered Industrial Trucks
(1) Overhead Guards.
(a) Where a rider type lift truck operator is exposed to hoisted objects that might fall, or stacked objects that might be dislodged and fall, the truck shall be equipped with an overhead guard. The guard shall be of sufficient strength to support impact load tests as specified in Table OR-N-1: [Table not included. See ED. NOTE.]
(b) Impact load tests shall be conducted with the guard in place on a vehicle for which it is designed or on a simulated mounting. Running gear need not be in place. The load shall be dropped in free fall from an appropriate height so that the impact is centered approximately above the driver's position. Test loads shall have a length equal to or greater than the width of the guard, and shall strike the canopy at right angles to the vehicle frame.
(c) Guards of a design which has been so tested shall be identified by a metal tag permanently attached to the canopy in a position where it may be easily read from the ground. This tag shall be permanently and clearly marked with the impact test load, expressed in foot-pounds to which guards of the same design have been tested.
Note: Guards required by OAR 437-002-0227(1)(a) through (c), or by the rules following, are not intended to withstand the impact of a capacity load falling from any height.
(d) Guards which are not of a design which has been tested in accordance with OAR 437-002-0227(1)(a) through (c) of this rule, may be constructed of material as specified in Table OR-N-2 or material of equivalent strength: [Table not included. See ED. NOTE.]
(e) The construction of canopy guards are built in compliance with OAR 437-002-0227(1)(d) shall be based on the strength of four upright members. Guards constructed with less than four upright members shall be of equivalent strength.
(A) Canopy type overhead guard frames shall be braced to overhead members on each side of the frame to provide structural rigidity both longitudinally and transversely.
(B) All guard mountings or attaching brackets shall be constructed and secured to the vehicle in a manner to provide adequate support to the upright members of the canopy type overhead guard.
(C) Cantilever overhead guards shall be of equivalent strength.
(f) Guards shall be constructed in a manner that does not interfere with good visibility, but openings in the top shall not exceed 6 inches in one of the two dimensions, width or length. Guards shall be large enough to extend over the operator under all normal circumstances of operation, including forward tilt.
(A) Provisions shall be made so that failure of the mast-tilting mechanism will not allow the overhead guard to cause injury to the operator.
(B) Lift trucks operated by seated operators shall have not less than 39 inches of clear vertical space between the operator's seat when depressed and the underside of the guard. Lift trucks operated by standing operators shall have not less than 74 inches of clear vertical space between the platform and the underside of the guard.
Note: Where overall height of truck with forks in lowered position is limited by head room conditions and there is insufficient space for vertical clearance or for the operator to assume a normal driving position, normal overhead guard heights may be reduced, or the overhead guard may be omitted. The height and stability of stacks of piled material, the weight of individual units handled, and the operating space available shall be such as will provide reasonable safety for the operator if it is necessary to remove the overhead guard.
(2) Load Back Rest. Lift trucks which handle small objects or unbanded units shall be equipped with a vertical load back rest.
(a) It shall have height, width, strength, sufficient to prevent the load or any part of it from falling toward the operator.
(b) It shall be constructed in a manner that does not interfere with good visibility.
(c) Size of openings shall not exceed 6 inches in one dimension.
(3) Shear Point Guards. Shear points on forklift loaders and similar type vehicles shall be guarded as necessary to protect operators from hazardous exposure.
(4) Personnel Platforms. Whenever a lift truck is used for lifting personnel without controls at the platform, the following precautions shall be taken for the protection of personnel being elevated:
(a) A work platform equipped with standard guardrails or equivalent means, and firmly secured to the lifting carriage or forks, shall be used.
(b) The hydraulic system shall be so designed that the lift mechanism will not drop faster than 135 feet per minute in the event of a failure in any part of the system.
(c) An operator shall attend the lift equipment while workers are on the platform.
(d) The operator shall be in the normal operating position while raising or lowering the platform.
(e) The vehicle shall not travel from point to point with the work platform elevated at a height greater than 4 feet while workers are on the platform. When necessary at heights greater than 4 feet, inching may be permitted provided it is done at a very slow speed.
(f) If workers on the platform can contact the lift chains or other dangerous pinch or shear points on the mast or carriage, the platform must have a screen or guard that prevents contact.
(5) Equipment and attachments.
(a) Do not allow spinner knobs on vehicles without power steering. Spinner knobs must be on the inside of the steering wheel.
(b) All vehicles must have a working horn that can be heard above surrounding area noise.
NOTE: Paragraph (c) does not apply when the vehicle backs up with an observer or when the operator verifies that there is nobody behind the vehicle or when nobody may enter the danger area without the operator's knowledge.
(c) Vehicles with an obstructed view to the rear must have a backup alarm that can be heard over the surrounding noise. If surrounding noise prevents this or if there are so many vehicles using backup alarms that they cannot be distinguished from each other, flashing or strobe lights are acceptable.
(d) Vehicle brakes must be effective when the vehicle is fully loaded.
[ED. NOTE: Tables referenced are available from the agency.]
Stat. Auth.: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(4)

Stats. Implemented: ORS 654.001 - 654.295

Hist.: OSHA 13-1993, f. 8-20-93, cert. ef. 11-1-93; OSHA 6-1999, f. & cert. ef. 5-26-99; OSHA 6-2007, f. & cert. ef. 9-26-07

Oregon Initiated Rules for Cranes

437-002-0228
Oregon General Requirements for Cranes
(1) General Requirements:
(a) The user shall comply with the manufacturer's specifications and limitations applicable to the operation of any and all cranes and derricks;
(b) Where manufacturer's specifications are not available, the limitations assigned to the equipment shall be based on the determinations of a qualified engineer competent in this field and such determinations will be appropriately documented and recorded;
(c) Attachments used with cranes shall not exceed the capacity, rating, or scope recommended by the manufacturer;
(d) No modifications or additions which affect the capacity or safe operation of the equipment shall be made without the manufacturer's written approval. Cranes may be modified and rerated provided such modifications and the supporting structure are checked thoroughly for the new rated load by a qualified engineer or the equipment manufacturer;
(e) If such modifications or changes are made, the capacity, operation, and maintenance instruction plates, tags, or decals, shall be changed accordingly. In no case shall the original safety factor of the equipment be reduced. Only the manufacturer or other competent shop with suitable equipment and with personnel trained for the work shall be permitted to perform welding or other repair work on cranes or derricks;
(f) Rated load capacities, and recommended operating speeds, special hazard warnings, or instruction, shall be conspicuously posted on all equipment;
(g) Instructional or warning signs shall be visible to the operator while he or she is at his or her control station;
(h) The employer shall designate a competent person who shall inspect all machinery and equipment prior to each use, and during use, to make sure it is in safe operating condition;
(i) Any deficiencies shall be repaired, or defective parts replaced, before continued use;
(j) A thorough, annual inspection of all cranes shall be made by a competent person, or a government or private agency;
(k) The employer shall maintain a record of the dates and results of inspections for each hoisting machine and piece of equipment;
(l) An unimpaired horizontal clearance of not less than three feet shall be maintained between the rotating superstructure of any crane and any adjacent object or surface. If this clearance cannot be maintained, barricades shall be installed to isolate the hazardous area;
(m) All windows in cabs shall be of safety glass, or its equivalent, that introduces no visible distortion that will interfere with the safe operation of the machine;
(n) Cranes which operate at night shall have their load hooks and working areas adequately lighted;
(o) Sufficient light shall be provided in the operator's cage or cab to enable the operator to see clearly enough to perform his or her work;
(p) An accessible fire extinguisher of 10 BC rating, or higher, shall be available at all operator stations or cabs of equipment;
(q) Belts, gears, and other reciprocating, rotating, or moving parts or equipment shall be guarded as required in OAR chapter 437, division 2/O, Machinery and Machine Guarding.
(2) Crane operator training requirements:
(a) The employer shall establish written procedures for the safe operation of all cranes and derricks;
(b) The employer shall see that employees who operate cranes or derricks are properly trained, have sufficient practical experience, and follow operating procedures for the safe operation of the crane or derrick;
(c) The level of training and experience received by the employee to meet OAR 437-002-0228(2)(b) above shall be recorded in writing;
(d) The employer shall maintain all written records of crane or derrick operators' training and experience, and shall make such records available for review by the Oregon Occupational Safety and Health Division (OR-OSHA) upon request.
(3) Overhead Wires -- Operating Near Electric Power Lines. A warning sign, legible at 12 feet, shall be posted and maintained in plain view of the operators of each crane, derrick, or power-shovel. The sign shall read, "UNLAWFUL TO OPERATE THIS EQUIPMENT WITHIN TEN FEET OF HIGH-VOLTAGE LINES."
NOTE: For operation near overhead electric lines see Division 2/S, Electrical, 1910.333(c)(3).
(4) Signals. Class "D" citizens band radio frequencies shall not be used for signalling crane operators.
(5) Hoisting Equipment and Tackle. Blocks, Sheaves, and Drums:
(a) Blocks, sheaves and drums and all parts thereof shall not be used for heavier strains or greater speeds than that for which they have been designed and constructed;
(b) Sheave and drum diameters shall be as recommended by the wire rope manufacturer for the size rope being used;
(c) All pins, including bearing and yoke pins, of all blocks shall be secured against accidental displacement;
(d) Shaves supporting boom lines shall not be carried on overhung sheave pins unless equipped with substantial guards passing around the sheave pin and securely held from dislodgment from the pin;
(e) All blocks shall be fitted with line guards or shall be designed and set in a manner that prevents fouling;
(f) Where the slacking of cable around sheaves and idlers would result in injury to workers, line guards shall be provided;
(g) Working line blocks shall be kept in proper alignment;
(h) Snatch (gate) blocks shall be closed and hooked before being used.
(6) Drums. Ends of lines attached to drums shall be securely fastened by means of clamps, socketing, or other means furnishing equivalent strength. Not less than two wraps of line shall be maintained on drums.
(7) Chains:
(a) End fastenings shall be capable of sustaining loads up to the breaking strength of the hoisting chain with which they are used;
(b) Hoisting chains shall be repaired or removed from such service when the increase in length (stretch) of the measured section exceeds five percent; or when a link is bent, twisted, or otherwise damaged, or when raised scarfs or defective welds appear;
(c) Knots shall not be tied in chain in order to shorten its length.
(8) Hooks. When necessary to prevent lifting attachments from inadvertently lifting out of the hook, a safety type hook or other device or means shall be used.
(9) Wire Rope:
(a) Wire rope and replacement wire rope shall be of the same size, same or better grade, and same construction as originally furnished by the equipment manufacturer or contemplated in the design, unless otherwise recommended by the equipment or the wire rope manufacturer;
(b) Wire rope with an independent wire-rope center or other heat-resisting center shall be used as hoisting rope whenever exposed to excessive temperatures such as ingot-pouring, ladle cranes, and similar operations;
(c) Running wire ropes shall be guarded if within seven feet of the floor or platform;
(d) Care shall be taken to prevent friction of ropes with other objects which will cause chafing or breaking of wires;
(e) Wire rope shall be taken out of service when any of the following conditions exist:
(A) In running ropes, six randomly distributed broken wire in one lay or three broken wires in one strand in one lay;
(B) Wear of one-third the original diameter of outside individual wires. Kinking, crushing, bird caging, or any other damage resulting in distortion of the rope structure;
(C) Evidence of any heat damage from any cause;
(D) Reductions from nominal diameter of more than 1/64-inch for diameters up to and including 5/16-inch, 1/32-inch for diameters 3/8-inch to and including 1/2-inch, 3/64-inch for diameters 9/16-inch to and including 3/4-inch, 1/16-inch for diameters 7/8 to 1-1/8 inches inclusive, 3/32-inch for diameters 1-1/4 to 1-1/2 inches inclusive;
(E) In standing ropes, more than two broken wires in one lay in sections beyond end connections or more than one broken wire at an end connection;
(F) Corroded, damaged, or improperly applied end connections.
(f) Wire rope safety factors shall be in accordance with American National Standards Institute B30.5-1989 or SAE-J959-1966, Lifting Crane, Wire-Rope Strength Factors.
NOTE: The margin of line to be used in making a long splice shall be indicated in the following table. The full length of the splice will be twice the length "to be unraveled."
Rope Diameter -- To Be Unraveled 
1/4 inch -- 6 feet 
1/2 inch -- 8 feet 
3/4 inch --15 feet
1 inch -- 20 feet 
1-1/4 inches -- 25 feet
1-1/2 inches -- 30 feet
1-3/4 inches -- 35 feet
2 inches -- 40 feet
(g) All cable shall be kept lubricated as conditions of use require;
(h) When U-bolt wire rope clips are used for form eyes, the following table shall be used to determine the number and spacing of clips:

NUMBER AND SPACING OF U-BOLT WIRE CLIPS
Number of Clips

Improved

Plow Steel Rope Diameter Inches -- Drop Forged -- Other Material -- Minimum Spacing (Inches)
1/2 -- 3 -- 4 -- 3
5/8 -- 3 -- 4 -- 3-3/4
3/4 -- 4 -- 5 -- 4-1/2
7/8 -- 4 -- 5 -- 5-1/4
1 -- 5 -- 6 -- 6
1-1/8 -- 6 -- 6 -- 6-3/4
1-1/4 -- 6 -- 7 -- 7-1/2
1-3/8 -- 7 -- 7 -- 8-1/4
1-1/2 -- 7 -- 8 -- 9
(i) When used for eye splices, the U-bolt shall be applied so that the "U" section is in contact with the dead end of the rope;
(j) The use of cable clips or clamps may be accepted only when used in locations where they are readily accessible and subjected to frequent inspection. Clips and clamps when used shall be of the correct size and shall be properly applied. Allowance shall be made for the reduced strength of the line;
(k) The use of cable clips or clamps for joining lines is prohibited, except where used for transferring of slack lines from one place to another.
Stat. Auth.: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(3)

Stats. Implemented: ORS 654.001 - 654.295

Hist.: WCB 11-1974, f. 3-20-74, ef. 4-15-74; WCB 1-1977, f. & ef. 1-4-77; WCB 7-1977, f. 5-20-77, ef. 6-15-77; OSHA 1-1989, f. 10-12-89, ef. 8-1-90; OSHA 13-1993, f. 8-20-93, cert. ef. 11-1-93
437-002-0229
Additional Oregon Rules for Overhead and Gantry Cranes
(1) Definitions:
(a) "Authorized Person." An Authorized Person is one appointed or credentialled by a duly constituted administrative or regulatory authority;
(b) "Competent Person." A Competent Person is one who by knowledge, training and experience has demonstrated the ability to solve problems and perform functions relating to the subject matter and work;
(c) "Reach (of a cantilever gantry or bridge crane)." The maximum horizontal distance at which the hook may be operated outside the runway measured at right angles to the runway from the center of the hook or load to the center of the runway rail nearest the hook or load;
(d) "Reach (of a crane or derrick fitted with a boom)." The maximum horizontal distance the hook can be extended from the center of rotation (or if rotation is not possible) from the foot of the boom.
(2) Overhead and Gantry Cranes.
(a) Only competent personnel shall be permitted to operate a crane covered by OAR 437, Division 2/N, 1910.179.
(b) Cages of bridge cranes which are not provided with a walkway the full length of the craneway or other safe means of egress shall be provided with a knotted rope, rope ladder or equally effective means to enable the operator to reach the ground in an emergency.
(c) A fire extinguisher with a minimum rating of 10BC, or equivalent, shall be maintained in the cab.
(d) Rated Load Test. Prior to initial use all new, extensively repaired and altered cranes shall be tested by or under the direction of a competent person, confirming the load rating of the crane.
Stat. Auth.: ORS 654.025(2) & ORS 656.726(3)

Stats. Implemented: ORS 654.001 - ORS 654.295

Hist.: WCB 11-1974, f. 3-20-74, ef. 4-15-74; OSHA 13-1993, f. 8-20-93, ef. 11-1-93
437-002-0230
Additional Oregon Rule for Crawler, Locomotive and Truck Cranes
(1) Definitions:
(a) An "Authorized Person" is one appointed or credentialed by a duly constituted administrative or regulatory authority;
(b) A "Competent Person" is one who by knowledge, training and experience has successfully demonstrated the ability to solve problems and perform functions relating to the subject matter and work.
(2) Load Ratings:
(a) A radius or boom angle indicator shall be provided where it is clearly visible to the operator in his or her normal operating position on cranes equipped with a movable working boom;
(b) A limiting device shall be installed and maintained to prevent the hook or other end fittings from contacting the upper sheaves.
(3) Booms. When sections of booms are added or removed, the full number of bolts or pins of the material and size recommended by the manufacturer, or bolts or pins furnishing equivalent strength, shall be used to secure the sections together.
(4) Hydraulic Cranes. Mobile hydraulic cranes shall be constructed, maintained, and used in accordance with the standard in PCSA Standard No. 2-1968, Mobile Hydraulic Crane Standards, published by the Power Crane and Shovel Association, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
Stat. Auth.: ORS 654.025(2) & ORS 656.726(3)

Stats. Implemented: ORS 654.001 - ORS 654.295

Hist.: WCB 11-1974, f. 3-20-74, ef. 4-15-74; OSHA 13-1993, f. 8-20-93, cert. ef. 11-1-93
437-002-0232
Additional Oregon Rule for Derricks
Rated Load Marking. A radius indicator or boom angle indicator, compatible with the load rating chart, shall be provided where it is clearly visible to the operator in his or her normal operating position on all derricks equipped with a movable working boom.
Stat. Auth.: ORS 654.025(2) & ORS 656.726(3)

Stats. Implemented: ORS 654.001 - ORS 654.295

Hist.: WCB 11-1974, f. 3-20-74, ef. 4-15-74; OSHA 13-1993, f. 8-20-93, cert. ef. 11-1-93
437-002-0233
Oregon Rules for Hammerhead Cranes
(1) Definition. "Hammerhead Crane" -- Lifting machine consisting of a tower (mast) with an upperstructure that rotates and includes a load jib (boom) with trolley extending horizontally and a counterweight jib extending in the opposite direction, neither of which is arranged for luffing. The trolley on the load jib traverses the length of the jib and contains the sheaves and accessory parts that comprise the upper load block. The lower load block is suspended from the trolley.
(2) Hammerhead Cranes -- General:
(a) Adequate clearance shall be maintained between moving and rotating structures of the crane and fixed objects to allow the passage of employees without harm;
(b) Employees required to perform duties on the horizontal boom of hammerhead tower cranes shall be protected against falling by guardrails or by safety belts and lanyards attached to lifelines in conformance with OAR Chapter 437, Division 2/I, Personal Protective Equipment;
(c) Buffers shall be provided at both ends of travel of the trolley;
(d) Cranes mounted on rail tracks shall be equipped with limit switches limiting the travel of the crane on the track and stops or buffers at each end of the tracks. Cranes with self-contained power plants shall be equipped with warning devices, and stops or buffers at each end of the track;
(e) All hammerhead cranes in use shall meet the applicable requirements for design, construction, installation, testing, maintenance, inspection, and operation as prescribed by the manufacturer and to ensure compliance with the rules in this division;
(f) The employer shall provide a wind velocity device which will give a visible or audible alarm to the crane operator at a predetermined wind velocity; and
(g) The employer shall ensure that:
(A) The wind velocity device is compatible with the manufacturer's crane specifications; and
(B) The crane operators are fully instructed regarding the maximum permissible wind speeds during operation; and
(C) The load chart contains the wind velocity operating limits.
(3) Mobile Cranes Mounted on Barges:
(a) When a mobile crane is mounted on a barge, the rated load of the crane shall not exceed the original capacity specified by the manufacturer;
(b) A load rating chart, with clearly legible letters and figures, shall be provided with each crane, and securely fixed at a location easily visible to the operator;
(c) When load ratings are reduced to stay within the limits for list of the barge with a crane mounted on it, a new load rating chart shall be provided;
(d) Mobile cranes on barges shall be positively secured.
(4) Permanently Mounted Floating Cranes and Derricks:
(a) When cranes and derricks are permanently installed on a barge, the capacity and limitations of use shall be based on competent design criteria;
(b) A load rating chart with clearly legible letters and figures shall be provided and securely fixed at a location easily visible to the operator;
(c) Floating cranes and floating derricks in use shall meet the applicable requirements for design, construction, installation, testing, maintenance, and operation as prescribed by the manufacturer.
Stat. Auth.: ORS 654.025(2) & ORS 656.726(3)

Stats. Implemented: ORS 654.001 - ORS 654.295

Hist.: WCB 11-1974, f. 3-20-74, ef. 4-15-74; WCD 3-1981, f. 4-20-81, ef. 6-1-81; OSHA 13-1993, f. 8-20-93, cert. ef. 11-1-93
437-002-0235
Additional Oregon Rule for Slings
Chain Slings. When lifting with chain slings, use only alloy steel chain. Do not use proof coil or high test carbon steel. The only exception is for plating or dip work where the chemicals make alloy steel chain unsafe or otherwise unsuitable. In those cases, use chain appropriate for the work.
Stat. Auth.: ORS 654.025(2) & ORS 656.726(3)

Stats. Implemented: ORS 654.001 - ORS 654.295

Hist.: WCB 11-1974, f. 3-20-74, ef. 4-15-74; WCB 16-1976, f. 7-6-76, ef. 8-1-76; WCB 1-1978, f. 2-16-78, ef. 3-15-78; WCD 8-1979, f. 10-19-79, ef. 2-1-80; OSHA 13-1993, f. 8-20-93, cert. ef. 11-1-93; OSHA 12-2001, f. & cert. ef. 10-26-01
Subdivision O — Machinery and Machine Guarding
437-002-0240
Adoption by Reference
In addition to and not in lieu of, any
other health and safety codes contained in OAR chapter 437, the Department adopts
by reference the following federal regulations printed as part of the Code of Federal
Regulations, 29 CFR 1910 in the Federal Register:
(1) 29 CFR 1910.211 Definitions;
published 12/3/74, FR vol. 39, pp. 41846-41848; 3/14/88, FR vol. 53, p. 8353.
(2) 29 CFR 1910.212 General
requirements for all machines; published 10/24/78, FR vol. 43, p. 49750.
(3) 29 CFR 1910.213 Woodworking
machines; published 2/10/84., FR vol. 49, p. 5323.
(4) Reserved for 29 CFR 1910.214
Cooperage machinery.
(5) 29 CFR 1910.215 Abrasive
wheel machinery; published 3/7/96, FR vol. 61, no. 46, p. 9240.
(6) 29 CFR 1910.216 Mills
and calendars in the rubber and plastics industries; published 3/7/96, FR vol. 61,
no. 46, p. 9240.
(7) 29 CFR 1910.217 Mechanical
power presses; published 11/20/13, FR vol. 78, no. 224, p. 69543.
(8) 29 CFR 1910.218 Forging
machines; published 3/7/96, FR vol. 61, no.46, p. 9240.
(9) 29 CFR 1910.219 Mechanical
power-transmission apparatus; published 6/8/04, FR vol. 69, p. 31880-31882.
NOTE: These standards are available
from the Oregon Occupational Safety and Health Division (OR-OSHA), Department of
Consumer and Business Services; and the United States Government Printing Office.
Stat. Auth.: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(4)
Stats. Implemented: ORS 654.001
- 654.295
Hist.: APD 22-1988, f. 12-30-88,
ef. 1-1-89; OSHA 4-1997, f. & cert. ef. 4-2-97; OSHA 4-2004, f. & cert.
ef. 9-15-04; OSHA 1-2012, f. & cert .ef. 4-10-12; OSHA 7-2012, f. & cert.
ef. 12-14-12; OSHA 1-2014, f. & cert. ef. 5-14-14
437-002-0242
Oregon Rules for Machinery and Machine Guarding
(1) Definition of Gate or Movable Barrier:
(a) Type A gate or movable barrier - Protects the operator by enclosing the point-of-operation before a press stroke can be initiated, and maintaining this closed condition until the motion of the slide has ceased;
(b) Type B gate or movable barrier -- Protects the operator by enclosing the point-of-operation before a press stroke can be initiated, so as to prevent an operation from reaching into the point-of-operation prior to die closure or prior to cessation of slide motion during the downward stroke.
(2) Reciprocating Shear Lines. Platform hoists, scissor lifts, and other reciprocating mechanisms shall be guarded or arranged so that there are no exposed shear lines.
(3) Saw Guard. Where it is possible to walk behind the saw, the saw shall be completely guarded when in its rest position.
(4) Radial Saws. Radial saws shall be equipped with upper and lower guards as follows:
(a) By device or devices, including jigs, work holders, guides, stops or other engineering controls which provide protection equal to that of the device described in 1910.213(h)(1);
(b) A stop shall be provided to prevent the leading edge of the saw from passing the front edge of the table or roll case, or the table widened to obtain equal results.
(5) Use of Gloves:
(a) If gloves are used in conjunction with a pull-out device, the gloves shall be worn outside the operator's hand attachments;
(b) If gloves are used in conjunction with a holdout or restraint device, the gloves shall be worn outside the operator's hand attachments.
(6) Effective Dates:
(a) Effective dates for amendments to 1910.211 and 1910.217 printed in the Federal Register, Vol. 53, No. 49, p. 8352 - 8365 on March 14, 1988, are 90 days after adoption of these rules; except Appendix C of 1910.217 becomes effective 30 days after the final adoption of these rules;
(b) All other rules are effective upon date of adoption.
[Publications: The publication(s) referred to or incorporated by reference in this rule are available from the agency.]
Stat. Auth.: ORS 654.025(2) & ORS 656.726(3)

Stats. Implemented: ORS 654.001 - ORS 654.295

Hist.: APD 22-1988, f. 12-30-88, ef. 1-1-89; OSHA 2-1990, f. 1-19-90, cert. ef. 3-1-90; OSHA 5-1990, f. & cert. ef. 2-9-90; OSHA 6-1994, f. & cert. ef. 9-30-94; (1) Renumbered to 437-002-0256; OSHA 6-1994, f. & cert. ef. 9-30-94
437-002-0256
Stationary
Compactors, Self-Contained Compactors, and Balers
This applies to
all stationary compactors, self-contained compactors, and balers.
You must comply
with:
Subdivision
2/D Walking/Working Surfaces, for ladders, stairs and other walking/working surfaces.
Subdivision
2/J 1910.147, Control of Hazardous Energy, for maintenance, servicing, and repair
activities.
Subdivision
2/J 437-002-0146 Confined Spaces for confined space hazards.
Subdivision
2/O Machine Guarding for any guarding hazard not covered in these rules.
YOUR RESPONSIBILITY:
To protect
employees from hazards associated with stationary compactors, self-contained compactors,
and balers.
Operators
and other employees
(1) You must:
Train and supervise
equipment operators. Training must include information from the operation manual,
when available, and these rules.
Document
the name(s) of the trainer and trainees along with the date of the training.
Provide supervision
to ensure employees follow correct operating procedures.
Instruct
all employees how to identify and report exposure to hazards.
Prohibit
wearing loose clothing, jewelry, or long loose hair that can become entangled in
the equipment.
Installation,
inspection and maintenance
(2) You must:
Install the equipment
according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
Keep the
equipment in safe working order.
Maintain
the equipment according to manufacturer’s recommendations when available.
Follow the
manufacturer’s recommendations for inspecting and testing. If there are no
manufacturer’s recommendations available, inspect and test annually.
Keep a record
of inspections for a minimum of two years.
Make sure
that modifications do not diminish the original level of safety.
Add safety
precautions, resulting from modifications, to the operation manual, when available,
and to the training information.
Not allow
the use of damaged, malfunctioning, or defective equipment.
Ensure only
qualified employees, trained and authorized by your management, or authorized service
technicians are allowed to maintain and repair the equipment. Qualified employees
must demonstrate a proficiency in maintaining and repairing the equipment.
Guard moving
parts
(3) You must:
Have guards that
prevent body parts from getting caught by moving parts during the equipment’s
cycle.
Use sustained
manual pressure controls when not using point of operation guarding.
Make certain
the point of operation is visible to the operator when using sustained manual pressure
controls.
Make sure
the equipment manufactured with interlocks will not function with the gate or door
open.
Controls
(4) You must:
Clearly label the
function of each control.
Make sure
controls are not subject to unintentional activation.
Have stop
controls that are red, a different size than other controls, and not recessed.
Keep emergency
stop controls readily accessible to the operator, or within 3 feet of the operating
feed area or chute opening at equipment location.
Provide a
way to stop the complete operation of the baler or compactor at any point in the
cycle.
Require horizontal
balers equipped with an automatic start, to have a minimum 5-second audible and
visual warning when the startup control is activated. Before the main motor starts,
there must be visual warning lasting for not less than 10 additional seconds.
No alarm
or delay is required when the horizontal baler is restarting from sleep mode.
Access points
for Maintenance or Repairs
(5) You must:
Make sure access
covers
Have functional
interlocks or locks that require hand tools for removal.
Have warning
signs on compactors that read:
Restricted
Area, Authorized Employees Only,
Warning –
Stand Clear When Tailgate or Container is in Motion and During Loading and Unloading,
Warning –
This Compactor Starts Automatically,
Warning –
Gate Must Be Closed Before Operating This Compactor.
Have warning
signs on balers that read:
CAUTION –
Stand clear When Bale is Ejected,
WARNING –
This Baler Starts Automatically,
DANGER –
High Voltage,
DANGER –
Disconnect and Lock Out Power Before Opening This Panel
Replace missing
or defaced signs.
Note: Additional
sign requirements are in ANSI Z245-2-1997 7.10 compactors and ANSI Z245.5 –1997
5.1.6. balers.
Immediate
work area
(6) You must:
Not allow clutter
or waste material that causes a safety hazard or obstructs safe operation to accumulate
around the operator station.
Include warning
signs at all loading points and the point of operation on automatic cycling equipment
indicating that the baler or compactor starts automatically.
Stat. Auth.: ORS
654.025(2) & 656.726(4)

Stats. Implemented:
ORS 654.001 - 654.295

Hist.: APD
22-1988, f. 12-30-88, cert. ef. 1-1-89; OSHA 6-1994, f. & cert. ef. 9-30-94,
Renumbered from 437-002-0242(1); OSHA 7-2009, f. 7-7-09, cert. ef. 7-21-09; OSHA
6-2012, f. 9-28-12, cert. ef. 4-1-13

Subdivision P — Hand and Portable Powered Tools and Other Hand-Held Equipment

437-002-0260
Adoption by Reference
In addition to, and not in lieu of, any other safety and health codes contained in OAR Chapter 437, the Department adopts by reference the following federal rules as printed in the Code of Federal Regulations, 29 CFR 1910, revised as of 7/1/96, and any subsequent amendments published in the Federal Register as listed below:
(1) 29 CFR 1910.241 Definitions, published 6/27/74, Federal Register, vol. 39, p. 23502; amended 10/24/78, FR vol. 43, p. 49750.
(2) 29 CFR 1910.242 Hand and portable powered tools and equipment, general, published 6/27/74, Federal Register, vol. 39, p. 23502.
(3) 29 CFR 1910.243 Guarding of portable powered tools, published 6/27/74, Federal Register, vol. 39, p. 23502; amended 10/24/78, FR vol. 43, p. 49750; 2/10/84, FR vol. 49, p. 5323; 2/1/85, FR vol. 50, p. 4649; 3/7/96, FR vol. 61, no. 46, p. 9240; 9/13/05, FR vol. 70, no. 176. p. 53925; 12/14/07, FR vol. 72, no. 240, p. 71061.
(4) 29 CFR 1910.244 Other portable tools and equipment, published 6/27/74, Federal Register, vol. 39, p. 23502; amended 2/10/84, FR vol. 49, p. 5323.
These rules are available at the Oregon Occupational Safety and Health Division, Oregon Department of Consumer and Business Services, and the United States Government Printing Office.
Stat. Auth.: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(4)

Stats. Implemented: ORS 654.001 - 654.295

Hist.: OSHA 10-1993, f. 7-29-93, cert. ef. 9-15-93; OSHA 4-1997, f. & cert. ef. 4-2-97; OSHA 4-2005, f. & cert. ef 12-14-05; OSHA 7-2008, f. & cert. ef. 5-30-08

Additional Oregon Rules for Powered Hand Tools and Hand-Held Equipment

437-002-0262
Additional Definitions in Oregon
(1) "Angle Control" A safety feature designed to prevent a tool from operating when tilted beyond a predetermined angle.
(2) "Cased Power Load" A power load with the propellant contained in a closed case.
(3) "Caseless Power Load" A power load with the propellant in solid form not requiring containment.
(4) "Direct-Acting Tool" A tool in which the expanding gas of the power load acts directly on the fastener to be driven.
(5) "Fixture" A special shield which provides equivalent protection where the standard shield cannot be used.
(6) "Head" That portion of a fastener which extends above work surface after being properly driven.
(7) "Indirect-Acting Tool" A tool in which the expanding gas of the power load acts directly on a captive piston which in turn drives the fastener.
(8) "Misfire" A condition in which the powder load fails to ignite after the tool has been operated.
(9) "Powder-Actuated Fastening System" A method comprising the use of a powder-actuated tool, a power load, and a fastener.
(10) "Powder-Actuated Tool", also known as "Tool" A tool that utilizes the expanding gases from a power load to drive a fastener.
(11) "Test Velocity" A series of deliberately free-flighted fasteners whose velocities are measured 6-1/2 feet from the muzzle end of the tool using accepted ballistic test methods.
Stat. Auth.: ORS 654.025(2) & ORS 656.726(3)

Stats. Implemented: ORS 654.001 - ORS 654.295

Hist.: WCB 1-1974, f. 1-16-74, ef. 2-15-74; WCD 23-1984, f. 12-28-84, ef. 1-1-85; OSHA 10-1993, f. 7-29-93, cert. ef. 9-15-93
437-002-0264
Additional General Requirements for Hand Tools
(1) Defective tools shall be removed from service.
(2) When not in use, tools shall be placed where they will not create a hazard.
(3) Flexible cords with damaged insulation or defective parts shall not be used.
(4) Handles of all tools shall be smooth, without sharp edges or splinters, and shall be firmly attached to the tool. Wooden handles of tools shall be of firm straight grained stock.
(5) Heads of shock tools (such as hammers, sledges, and cold chisels) shall be dressed or ground as they begin to mushroom or crack. When such tools show a tendency to chip, they shall be immediately removed from service.
(6) The cutting edges of tools shall be maintained in a uniformly sharp condition to eliminate the additional hazard resulting from the erratic resistance of the dulled edges.
(7) Heavy leather holsters, guards, or equivalent protection shall be used for sharp-edged or sharp-pointed tools carried on the worker's person.
(8) Workers who use sharp-edged cutting tools shall use appropriate protective equipment such as gloves, aprons, and leg guards to protect against accidental cuts.
(9) Hand tools provided for use in explosive or flammable atmospheres shall be of the spark-resisting type.
Stat. Auth.: ORS 654.025(2) & ORS 656.726(3)

Stats. Implemented: ORS 654.001 - ORS 654.295

Hist.: OSHA WCB 12-1974, f. 4-1-74, ef. 4-30-74; 10-1993, f. 7-29-93, cert. ef. 9-15-93; OSHA 1-1996, f. & cert. ef. 2-16-96
437-002-0266
Additional Oregon Rules for Guarding Portable Powered Tools
(1) Lower Guard. In addition to the provisions in 1910. 243(a)(1)(i), the lower guard shall be equipped with a lug or lever, remote from the blade teeth, that will permit the operator to safely shift the guard for starting unusual cuts.
(2) Power Chain Saws:
(a) In addition to the provisions of 1910.243(a) (2)(i), all power chain saws shall meet all applicable requirements of the ANSI B175.1-1985, Safety Code for Power Chain Saws;
(b) Power saws shall be inspected daily when in use and kept in good repair at all times. Saws with cracked or loose handle bars or defective vital parts shall not be used;
(c) Power chain saw engines shall be stopped while being fueled;
(d) Power chain saws shall have an operable chain brake if originally designed and equipped with a chain brake;
(e) Chain brakes, and other manufacturer's safety features shall remain operational at all times.
(3) Pneumatic-Powered Tools:
(a) A shut-off valve shall be installed at the manifold or permanent pipe outlet of the compressed air supply;
(b) Workers shall not couple or uncouple hose without first shutting off the compressed air supply except when using couplers which are equipped with check valves which automatically shut off the compressed air supply;
(c) Workers shall remain in the clear when turning on air supply at a valve;
(d) Driving pistons in pneumatic tools shall be constructed so that they cannot fly out of the tool;
(e) Pneumatic fastener-driving tools and other power-driven fastener tools, except as allowed in subsection (f) of this section, shall be equipped with a safety device to prevent ejection of nails or staples when the tool is not in firm contact with the work;
(f) Power-driven fastener-driving tools may be used without the safety device only when using staples with a diameter of .0475 inch (18 gauge A.W.G.) or less and the tool operator and all workers within 15 feet are wearing suitable eye protection;
(g) The provisions of subsection (f) of this section do not apply to office stapling machines;
(h) Oxygen or combustible gases shall not be used to drive pneumatic tools;
(i) The exhaust from pneumatic power tools shall be deflected away from the operator.
(4) Internal Combustion Engine-Driven Tools:
(a) Internal combustion engine-driven tools shall be equipped with a positive on and off ignition switch that will remain in either position;
(b) Internal combustion engine-driven tools shall be equipped with effective means to control power except those which are designed to operate at constant speed. Throttle controls shall return the engine to idling speed when released;
(c) Internal combustion engine-driven tools shall be equipped with a self-rewinding starting device, or be designed to furnish equivalent safety;
(d) Exhaust ports on internal combustion engine-driven tools shall be equipped with mufflers and shall be constructed and maintained to deflect exhaust fumes away from the operator when the tool is being used in its normal starting position;
(e) Internal combustion engine-driven tools shall be stopped while being fueled;
(f) Sling-carried tools which are powered by attached portable internal combustion engines shall be capable of quick removal;
(g) The fuel system of sling-carried tools shall be inspected before each use, and any defect shall be repaired immediately.
Stat. Auth.: ORS 654.025(2) & ORS 656.726(3)

Stats. Implemented: ORS 654.001 - ORS 654.295

Hist.: WCB 1-1974, f. 1-16-74, ef. 2-15-74; WCD 23-1984, f. 12-28-84, ef. 1-1-85; OSHA 10-1993, f. 7-29-93, cert. ef. 9-15-93
437-002-0268
Oregon Rules for Hand-Powered Equipment
(1) Hand Powered Equipment:
(a) Each hand-powered hoist shall be equipped with an effective brake of equivalent and in addition shall be equipped with a ratchet and pawl of sufficient strength to hold the maximum load in any position;
(b) Means shall be provided to prevent hand crank handles from working loose from the drive shaft.
(2) Wheelbarrows, Hand Trucks, Dollies, Pallet Jacks:
(a) Wheelbarrows, hand trucks, floor trucks, dollies, and pallet jacks shall be selected for the specific work to be done and shall not be loaded beyond safe capacity. Bodies and frames shall be made of metal or strong wood and rigidly constructed and braced to withstand severe handling and the loads to be carried;
(b) Wheelbarrows, hand trucks, floor trucks, dollies, and pallet jacks shall be kept in good repair at all times;
(c) Wheelbarrows, hand trucks, floor trucks, dollies, and pallet jacks when not in use, must be properly stored and shall not be left in such a position that they can tip, fall or roll.
Stat. Auth.: ORS 654.025(2) & ORS 656.726(3)

Stats. Implemented: ORS 654.001 - ORS 654.295

Hist.: WCB 1-1974, f. 1-16-74, ef, 2-15-74; WCB 7-1974, f. 3-19-74, ef. 4-15-74; OSHA 10-1993, f. 7-29-93, cert. ef. 9-15-93

Subdivision Q — Welding, Cutting and Brazing

437-002-0280
Adoption by Reference
In addition to, and not in lieu of,
any other safety and health codes contained in OAR Chapter 437, the Department adopts
by reference the following federal regulations printed as part of the Code of Federal
Regulations, 29 CFR 1910, in the Federal Register:
(1) 29 CFR 1910.251 Definitions.
Repealed. Oregon OSHA Admin. Order 6-2014, f. 10/28/14, ef. 5/1/15. In Oregon, OAR
473-002-2253 applies.
(2) 29 CFR 1910.252 General
Requirements, published 3/26/12, FR vol. 77, no. 58, p. 17574.
(3) 29 CFR 1910.253 Oxygen-Fuel
Gas Welding and Cutting. Repealed. Oregon OSHA Admin. Order 6-2014, f. 10/28/14,
ef. 5/1/15. In Oregon, OAR 473-002-2253 applies.
(4) 29 CFR 1910.254 Arc
Welding and Cutting, published 9/13/05, FR vol. 70, no. 176, p. 53925.
(5) 29 CFR 1910.255 Resistance
Welding, published 4/11/90, Federal Register, vol. 55, no. 70, pp. 13710-13711.
These rules are on file with the Oregon Occupational
Safety and Health Division, Department of Consumer and Business Services, and the
United States Government Printing Office.
Stat. Auth.: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(4)
Stats. Implemented: ORS 654.001
- 654.295
Hist.: OSHA 232-1990, f.
9-28-90, cert. ef. 12-1-90; OSHA 4-1997, f. & cert. ef. 4-2-97; OSHA 3-1998,
f. & cert. ef. 7-7-98; OSHA 4-2005, f. & cert. ef 12-14-05; OSHA 7-2008,
f. & cert. ef. 5-30-08; OSHA 2-2010, f. & cert. ef. 2-25-10; OSHA 1-2012,
f. & cert .ef. 4-10-12; OSHA 5-2012, f. & cert. ef. 9-25-12; OSHA 6-2014,
f. 10-28-14, cert. ef. 5-1-15
Oregon-Initiated
Rules
437-002-0282
Job Planning
and Layout
(1) Before operations
are started, portable equipment shall be securely blocked to prevent accidental
movement.
(2) Tanks,
boilers, drums and similar containers shall be equipped with ladders for the welders
and other workers whenever conditions require their use for safe access and egress.
(3) No welding
equipment shall be allowed on elevated structures unless such structure is designed
and built to support all loads imposed on the structure.
(4) Work
areas shall be designed, laid-out and operated in a manner to prevent welding hose
and cable from creating a tripping hazard.
(5) When
welding or cutting is being performed in any confined space, the gas cylinders and/or
welding machines shall be left on the outside.
Stat. Auth.: ORS
654.025(2) & 656.726(3)

Stats. Implemented:
ORS 654.001 - 654.295

Hist.: OSHA
232-1990, f. 9-28-90, cert. ef. 12-1-90
437-002-0283
Eye Protection
and Protective Clothing
(1) Easily ignited,
highly flammable clothing, such as is made from synthetic materials, shall not be
worn.
(2) Flash
goggles with side shields (Shade No. 2, Style Nos. 2 or 3) shall be worn under the
welding helmet or hand shield.
(3) The skin
shall be covered completely, by a double layer of clothing or equivalent, to prevent
burns or other damage by ultraviolet light.
Stat. Auth.: ORS
654.025(2) & 656.726(3)

Stats. Implemented:
ORS 654.001 - 654.295

Hist.: OSHA
232-1990, f. 9-28-90, cert. ef. 12-1-90
437-002-0284
Specifications
for Protectors
(1) Where the “lift
front” welder’s helmet is used, there shall be a stationary safety glass
on the inside of the frame next to the eyes to protect welder against flying particles
when the front is lifted. Where lens containers will not permit use of such safety
glass, safety goggles shall be worn.
(2) Where
the “lift front” helmet with three glasses is not used, or the flat
type helmet is used, the welders shall wear other spectacle-type safety goggles
in addition to the filter lens and cover glass.
Stat. Auth.: ORS
654.025(2) & 656.726(3)

Stats. Implemented:
ORS 654.001 - 654.295

Hist.: OSHA
232-1990, f. 9-28-90, cert. ef. 12-1-90
437-002-0285
Special Precautions
Before welding or
cutting on walls, floors or ceilings, an inspection shall be made to see that no
combustible material is present on the hidden side.
Stat. Auth.: ORS
654.025(2) & 656.726(3)

Stats. Implemented:
ORS 654.001 - 654.295

Hist.: OSHA
232-1990, f. 9-28-90, cert. ef. 12-1-90
437-002-0286
Preservative
Coatings
(1) Before welding,
cutting or heating is commenced on any surface covered by a preservative coating
whose flammability is not known, a test shall be made by a competent person to determine
its flammability.
(2) Precautions
shall be taken to prevent ignition of highly flammable hardened preservative coatings.
When coatings are determined to be highly flammable, they shall be stripped from
the area to be heated to prevent ignition.
Stat. Auth.: ORS
654.025(2) & 656.726(3)

Stats. Implemented:
ORS 654.001 - 654.295

Hist.: OSHA
232-1990, f. 9-28-90, cert. ef. 12-1-90
437-002-0287
Toxic Preservative
Coatings
(1) In enclosed
spaces, all surfaces covered with toxic preservative shall be stripped of all toxic
coatings for a distance of at least four inches from the area of heat application,
or the employees shall be protected by a respirator against hazards from breathing
toxic vapors in accordance with occupational health regulations.
(2) The preservative
coatings shall be removed a sufficient distance from the area to be heated to ensure
that the temperature of the unstripped metal will not be appreciably raised. Artificial
cooling of the metal surrounding the heated area may be used to limit the size of
the area required to be cleaned.
Stat. Auth.: ORS
654.025(2) & 656.726(3)

Stats. Implemented:
ORS 654.001 - 654.295

Hist.: OSHA
232-1990, f. 9-28-90, cert. ef. 12-1-90
437-002-0288
Health Protection
and Ventilation — General
(1) When welding
or cutting operations are being performed on the following materials (Table OR Q
1), the protective measures indicated are required unless atmospheric samples taken
in the welder’s breathing zone indicate that the concentration does not exceed
the limits specified in Division 2/Z, OAR 437-002-0382, Oregon Rules for Air Contaminants.
(2) Nearby
workers shall be afforded equivalent, effective, protection from these dangerous
fumes. Table.
[ED. NOTE:
Tables referenced are not included in rule text. Click here for PDF copy of table(s).]
Stat. Auth.:
ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(4)

Stats. Implemented:
ORS 654.001 - 654.295

Hist.: OSHA
232-1990, f. 9-28-90, cert. ef. 12-1-90; OSHA 6-1994, f. & cert. ef. 9-30-94;
OSHA 5-2012, f. & cert. ef. 9-25-12
NOTE: §1910.252(a)(3)(i) was not adopted by the Department. In Oregon 437-002-0297 applies:
437-002-0297
Welding or Cutting Containers
(1) No welding, torch or abrasive cutting, or other hot work shall be performed on drums, barrels, tanks or other containers until they have been cleaned so thoroughly as to make absolutely certain that there are no flammable materials present or any substances such as greases, tars, acids, surface coatings or other materials which when subjected to heat, might produce flammable or toxic vapors. Any pipe lines or connections to the drum or vessel shall be disconnected or blanked.
(2) In order to meet the "absolutely certain" test required in section (1) of this rule, appropriate testing equipment shall be used prior to and frequently during the welding, torch or abrasive cutting or other hot work operation to insure that the container is free and remains free of flammable or toxic vapors.
Stat. Auth.: ORS 654.025(2) & ORS 656.726(3)

Stats. Implemented: ORS 654.001 - ORS 654.295

Hist.: OSHA 232-1990, f. 9-28-90, cert. ef. 12-1-90
NOTE: §1910.252(c)(4)(iii) was not adopted by the Department. In Oregon OAR 437-002-0298 applies:
437-002-0298
Self-Contained Units
In areas immediately hazardous to life, self-contained breathing equipment shall be used. The breathing equipment shall be approved by the Mine Safety and Health Administration and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.
Stat. Auth.: ORS 654.025(2) & ORS 656.726(3)

Stats. Implemented: ORS 654.001 - ORS 654.295

Hist.: OSHA 232-1990, f. 9-28-90, cert. ef. 12-1-90
Subdivision R — Special Industries
437-002-0300
Adoption by Reference
In addition to and not in lieu of, any
other health and safety codes contained in OAR Chapter 437, the Department adopts
by reference the following federal regulations printed as part of the Code of Federal
Regulations, 29 CFR 1910, in the Federal Register:
(1) Reserved for 29 CFR 1910.261
Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard Mills
(2) 29 CFR 1910.262 Textiles,
published 6/18/98, FR vol. 63, no. 117, p. 33467.
(3) 29 CFR 1910.263 Bakery
Equipment, published 3/7/96, FR vol. 61, no. 46, p. 9241.
(4) 29 CFR 1910.264 Laundry
Machinery and Operations, published 11/7/78, FR vol. 43, p. 51760.
(5) 29 CFR 1910.265 Sawmills,
published 9/13/05, FR vol. 70, no. 176, p. 53925.
(6) Reserved for 29 CFR 1910.266
Pulpwood Logging.
NOTE: In Oregon, Pulpwood Logging rules
are Oregon-initiated rules provided in Division 7, Forest Activities.
(7) Reserved for 29 CFR 1910.267 Agricultural
Operations
(8) 29 CFR 1910.268 Telecommunications,
published 6/18/98, FR vol. 63, no. 117, p. 33467.
(9) 29 CFR 1910.269 Electric
power generation, transmission and distribution. Repealed with Oregon OSHA Admin.
Order 3-2015, f. 10/9/15, ef. 1/1/16. In Oregon, Division 2/RR applies.
(10) 29 CFR 1910.272 Grain
Handling Facilities, and Appendices A, B and C, published 3/7/96, FR vol. 61, no.
46, p. 9242.
(11) 29 CFR 1910.274 Removed.
Published 3/7/96, Federal Register, vol. 61, no. 46, p. 9242.
(12) 29 CFR 1910.275 Removed.
Published 3/7/96, Federal Register, vol. 61, no. 46, p. 9242.
NOTE: These standards are available
from the Oregon Occupational Safety and Health Division (OR-OSHA), Department of
Consumer and Business Services; and the United States Government Printing Office.
Stat. Auth.: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(4)
Stats. Implemented: ORS 654.001
- 654.295
Hist.: APD 10-1988, f. &
ef. 7-7-88; OSHA 23-1990, f. 9-28-90, ef. 12-1-90; OSHA 27-1990, f. 12-12-90, ef.
2-1-91; OSHA 14-1991, f. 10-10-91, cert. ef. 11-1-91; OSHA 7-1993, f. 6-8-93, cert.
ef. 8-1-93; OSHA 11-1993, f. 8-4-93, cert. ef. 10-1-93; OSHA 3-1994, f. & cert.
ef. 8-1-94; OSHA 6-1995, f. 4-18-95, cert. ef. 6-1-95; OSHA 3-1996, f. & cert.
ef. 7-22-96; OSHA 4-1997, f. & cert. ef. 4-2-97; OSHA 3-1998, f. & cert.
ef. 7-7-98; OSHA 2-1999, f. & cert. ef. 4-30-99; OSHA 3-1999, f. & cert.
ef. 4-30-99; OSHA 5-2001, f. & cert. ef. 4-6-01; OSHA 4-2004, f. & cert.
ef. 9-15-04; OSHA 4-2005, f. & cert. ef 12-14-05; OSHA 1-2012, f. & cert
.ef. 4-10-12; OSHA 6-2012, f. 9-28-12, cert. ef. 4-1-13; OSHA 3-2015, f. 10-9-15,
cert. ef. 1-1-16
437-002-0301
Scope and Application
(1) These rules set minimum safety requirements
for tree and shrub trimming, pruning, bracing, removal, and surgery. These rules
shall apply to all tree and shrub services.
(2) These rules do not apply
to agricultural crops or crop services, or to tree trimming operations within 10
feet of any high voltage (600 v) power lines or equipment. Tree trimming operations
around power lines are covered under Division 2/RR.
(3) If a specific type of
equipment, process or practice is not limited to the tree and shrub service industry,
the provisions contained in other divisions of OAR 437, Oregon Occupational Safety
and Health Code, shall apply.
Stat. Auth.: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(4)
Stats. Implemented: ORS 654.001
- 654.295
Hist.: OSHA 27-1990, f. 12-12-90,
cert. ef. 2-1-91; OSHA 3-1994, f. & cert. ef. 8-1-94; OSHA 1-1996, f. &
cert. ef. 2-16-96; OSHA 3-2015, f. 10-9-15, cert. ef. 1-1-16
437-002-0302
Definitions
"Qualified Tree Worker" -- A worker who through related training and on-the-job experience is familiar with the techniques and hazards of tree pruning, trimming, repairing, or removal, and the equipment used in such operations.
Stat. Auth.: ORS 654.025(2) & ORS 656.726(3)

Stats. Implemented: ORS 654.001 - ORS 654.295

Hist.: OSHA 27-1990, f. 12-12-90, cert. ef. 2-1-91; OSHA 1-1996, f. & cert. ef. 2-16-96
437-002-0303
Training and Work Planning
Employers shall instruct their employees in the proper use of all equipment provided for them and shall require that safe working practices be observed. A job safety briefing with all crew members shall be held and all work procedures and assignments shall be worked out carefully before any tree job is begun.
Stat. Auth.: ORS 654.025(2) & ORS 656.726(3)

Stats. Implemented: ORS 654.001 - ORS 654.295

Hist.: OSHA 27-1990, f. 12-12-90, cert. ef. 2-1-91; OSHA 1-1996, f. & cert. ef. 2-16-96
437-002-0304
First Aid Requirements
(1) First aid care and supplies shall be provided as required by OAR 437-002-0161, in Division 2/K, Medical Services and First Aid;
(2) Personnel shall be able to render cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR); and
(3) Be trained in tree top rescue.
Stat. Auth.: ORS 654.025(2) & ORS 656.726(3)

Stats. Implemented: ORS 654.001 - ORS 654.295

Hist.: OSHA 27-1990, f. 12-12-90, cert. ef. 2-1-91
437-002-0305
Traffic Control
Effective means for control of pedestrian and vehicular traffic shall be instituted on every jobsite on or adjacent to a highway, street or railway. Traffic controls shall conform to the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) D6.1e-1989, Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways.
[Publications: The publication(s) referred to or incorporated by reference in this rule are available from the agency.]
Stat. Auth.: ORS 654.025(2) & ORS 656.726(3)

Stats. Implemented: ORS 654.001 - ORS 654.295

Hist.: OSHA 27-1990, f. 12-12-90, cert. ef. 2-1-91
437-002-0306
Electrical Hazards
(1) General:
(a) The employer shall ensure that a close inspection is made by the employee and by the foreman or supervisor in charge before climbing, entering or working around any tree, to determine whether an electrical power conductor passes through the tree, or passes within reaching distance of an employee working in the tree. If any of these conditions exist either directly or indirectly, an electrical hazard shall be considered to exist unless the system operator/owner has caused the hazard to be removed by deenergizing the lines, or installing protective equipment;
(2) Unqualified persons. When an unqualified person is working near overhead lines, the location shall be such that the person and the longest conductive object he or she may contact cannot come closer to any unguarded, energized overhead line than the following distances:
(a) For voltages to ground 50kV or below -- 10 ft. (305 cm);
(b) For voltages to ground over 50kV -- 10 ft. (305 cm) plus 4 in. (10 cm) for every 10kV over 50kV.
(3) Electrical Safety-Related Work Practices. The employer shall assure that 29 CFR 1910.331 through 1910.335, Electrical Safety-Related Work Practices, in Division 2/S, are complied with for all electrical hazards, EXCEPT as provided for in 29 CFR 1910.331(c).
(4) Notification to Power Company. The power company shall be notified when working within ten (10) feet of a power line or when a tree may fall within ten (10) feet of a power line.
Stat. Auth.: ORS 654.025(2) & ORS 656.726(3)

Stats. Implemented: ORS 654.001 - ORS 654.295

Hist.: OSHA 27-1990, f. 12-12-90, cert. ef. 2-1-91; OSHA 1-1996, f. & cert. ef. 2-16-96
437-002-0307
Personal Protective Equipment
(1) Personal protective equipment shall be provided and used as required by OAR 437, division 2/I, Personal Protective Equipment.
(2) Safety belts or tree-trimming saddle belts shall conform to ANSI A10.14-1975, Requirements for Safety Belts, Harnesses, Lanyards, Lifelines, and Drop Lines for Construction and Industrial Use. Safety belts, tree trimming saddles, or a saddle formed by a double bowline shall be worn to protect workers when working aloft.
(3) Saddle belts or safety belts used for climbing operations shall have forged support rings. Snaps used in climbing ropes or in safety straps, for attachment to the forged support ring, shall be of a self-closing safety type. Forged support rings shall be designed so that the snaps will not become disengaged (roll off) accidentally.
(4) Saddle belts or safety belts shall not be spliced or weakened by punching extra holes in them.
(5) All employees using chain saws shall wear flexible ballistic nylon pads or other equivalent protection sewn or otherwise fastened to the trousers, which will protect the legs from the thigh to below the knee.
(6) Eye or face protection shall be provided and used where chips, sawdust or flying particles present a hazard.
(7) When operating chain saws or other noisy equipment, employees must wear hearing protection that complies with Subdivision 2/G, Occupational Noise Exposure.
(a) The employer must provide hearing protection at no cost to employees and must allow them to choose from a variety of suitable devices.
(b) The employer must train the employees in the proper use and care of the hearing protection.
(c) The employer must assure that the workers use the hearing protection properly and that it fits correctly.
[Publications referenced are available from the agency.]
Stat. Auth.: ORS 654.025(2) & ORS 656.726(4)

Stats. Implemented: ORS 654.001 - ORS 654.295

Hist.: OSHA 27-1990, f. 12-12-90, cert. ef. 2-1-91; OSHA 1-1996, f. & cert. ef. 2-16-96; OSHA 12-2001, f. & cert. ef. 10-26-01
437-002-0308
Portable Power Tools
(1) Electric tools. All portable electric hand tools shall:
(a) Be equipped with three-wire cord having the ground wire permanently connected to the tool frame and means for grounding the other end; or
(b) Be of the double insulated type and permanently labeled as "Double Insulated";
(c) Extension cords shall be maintained in safe condition. Exposed metal sockets shall not be used;
(d) Tool operators shall:
(A) Use electric hand tools in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions;
(B) Prevent cords from becoming entangled, damaged, or cut by blades and bits;
(C) Avoid laying extension cord in water;
(D) Support an electrical tool and its power supply cord by a line, independent of the worker when the tool is used aloft.
(2) Gasoline-Driven Power Saws:
(a) Power saws shall not be used when employees are supported by a single climbing belt or rope;
(b) When working aloft using power saws, employees shall be supported by their climbing belt or rope and by a safety line to a crotch in the tree higher than the climber's waistline. The safety line shall be secured to a separate point on the climber's body belt and kept snug at all times;
(c) The manufacturer's operating and safety instructions shall be followed unless modified by this rule;
(d) Power saws weighing more than 15 pounds (service weight) used in trees shall be supported by a separate line, except when used from an aerial-lift device;
(e) Where there are no lateral branches on which to crotch a separate line for power saws weighing over 15 pounds, a false crotch shall be used. A false crotch is one that can hold power-saw lines without slipping or coming untied;
(f) The operator shall have secure footing when starting the saw. Power saws weighing less than 15 pounds (service weight) may be drop started. Drop starting of saws over 15 pounds is permitted outside of the basket of an aerial lift only after ensuring that the area below the aerial lift is clear of personnel;
(g) The engine shall be started and operated only when all other workers are clear of the saw;
(h) The engine shall be stopped when power saws are being carried. The saw need not be stopped between cuts during consecutive felling, bucking, or limbing or cutting operations on reasonably level ground. The chain shall not be turning and the operator's hand shall be off the throttle lever while moving between work locations. Single person saws shall be carried by the worker on his/her side with the guide bar of the saw pointed to the rear;
(i) The engine shall be stopped for all cleaning, refueling, adjustments, and repairs to the motor;
(j) The saw muffler shall be maintained in good condition;
(k) The saw shall be clean of sawdust and flammable material;
(l) Power chain saws shall be equipped with an automatic throttle control which will return the engine to idling speed upon release of the throttle. "Idling" is when the chain is not moving while the engine is running;
(m) Power saws shall meet all applicable requirements of ANSI B175.1-1985, Safety Requirements for Gasoline-Powered Chain Saws.
(3) Backpack power units:
(a) The manufacturer's operating safety instructions shall be followed unless modified by these rules;
(b) No one except the operator shall be within ten feet of the cutting head of a brush saw;
(c) The power unit shall be equipped with a quick shutoff switch readily accessible to the operator;
(d) The operator shall observe the position of all personnel while the unit is running;
(e) The engine shall be stopped for all cleaning, refueling, adjustments, and repair to the saw or motor where practical, except where manufacturer's procedures require otherwise.
Stat. Auth.: ORS 654.025(2) & ORS 656.726(3)

Stats. Implemented: ORS 654.001 - ORS 654.295

Hist.: OSHA 27-1990, f. 12-12-90, cert. ef. 2-1-91
437-002-0309
Hand Tools
(1) General:
(a) The correct tool shall be selected for the job;
(b) Tools that have been made unsafe by damager or defect shall not be used;
(c) When climbing a tree, workers shall not carry tools in their hands other than tools that are used to assist them in climbing;
(d) Workers shall maintain a safe working distance from other workers when using hand tools;
(e) Tools shall be properly stored or placed in plain sight out of the immediate work area when not in use;
(f) Workers shall not throw or drop tools from trees unless warning has been given and the ground area is clear, and the act of dropping will not endanger personnel.
(2) Pruners and hand saws:
(a) Pole pruners, pole saws, and other similar tools shall be equipped with wood or nonmetallic poles. Actuating cord shall be of nonconducting material;
(b) When inserting a blade in a bow-saw frame, workers shall keep their hands and fingers in the clear when the tension lever snaps into or against the saw frame. When removing a bow-saw blade from the frame, the operator shall stay clear of the blade.
(3) Chopping tools -- Axes, brush hooks, machetes, and others:
(a) Chopping tools that have loose or cracked heads or splintered handles shall not be used;
(b) Chopping tools shall never be used while working aloft;
(c) Chopping tools shall be swung away from the feet, legs, and body, using the minimum power practical for control;
(d) Chopping tools shall not be driven as wedges or used to drive metal wedges.
(4) Injector tools for applying herbicides:
(a) The bit of injector tools shall be covered with a shield when not in use;
(b) Injectors shall be laid flat on the ground when not in use;
(c) The injector shall not be carried on the shoulders but shall be carried by the loop handle on the downhill side, with the bit properly shielded and facing to the rear.
(5) Grub hoes, mattocks and picks:
(a) The blade eye shall be tight-fitting and wedged so that it cannot slide down the handle;
(b) When swinging grub hoes, mattocks, and picks, the worker shall have a secure grip and firm footing.
(6) Cant hooks, cant dogs, longs, and carrying bars:
(a) Hooks shall be firmly set before applying pressure;
(b) Tools with cracked, splintered, or weakened handles shall not be used;
(c) Workers shall be warned and shall be in the clear before logs are moved;
(d) The points of hooks shall be at least two inches long and kept sharp;
(e) Workers shall stand to the rear and uphill when rolling logs.
(7) Wedges, chisels, and gouges:
(a) Wedges, chisels, and gouges shall be inspected for cracks and flaws before use;
(b) Wedges and chisels shall be properly pointed and tempered. Tools with mushroomed heads shall not be used;
(c) Only wood, plastic, or soft-metal wedges shall be used with power saws;
(d) Wood-handled chisels shall be protected with a ferrule on the striking end.
(8) Hammers, mauls, and sledges. Wood, rubber or high-impact plastic mauls, sledges, or hammers shall be used when striking wood-handled chisels or gouges.
(9) Ropes:
(a) Climbing ropes shall be used when working aloft in trees. Climbing ropes shall have a minimum diameter or 1/2-inch and be a three- or four-strand first-grade manila with a nominal breaking strength of 2,385 pounds or its equivalent in strength and durability. Synthetic rope shall have a maximum elasticity of not more than seven percent;
(b) Rope made unsafe by damage or defect, or for any other reason, shall not be used;
(c) Rope shall be stored away from all cutting edges and sharp tools. Corrosive chemicals, gas, and oil shall be kept away from rope;
(d) Climbing ropes and safety lines shall not be used to lower limbs or other parts of trees or to raise or lower equipment;
(e) When stored, rope shall be coiled and piled, or suspended, so that air can circulate through the coils;
(f) Rope ends shall be secured to prevent unraveling;
(g) Climbing and safety rope shall not be spliced to effect repair;
(h) Safety snaps shall be rotated from one end of the rope to the other, as needed, and the worn end cut off;
(i) A handline shall be used for raising or lowering tools and limbs.
(10) Tackle blocks and pulleys. Tackle blocks and pulleys shall be inspected immediately before use and shall be condemned if defective, in accordance with procedures given in ANSI/ASME B30.9-1984, B30.9a-1985, and B30.9b-1987, Safety Standard for Slings.
(11) Ladders:
(a) When using portable ladders to climb trees, the ladder shall be tied to the tree or supported by another worker. When working from a ladder during cutting operations, the ladder shall be securely tied or braced, and the worker tied in as required by OAR 437-002-0310(1)(a);
(b) Ladders, platforms, and aerial devices, including insulated aerial devices, shall not be placed in a position where they could contact an electrical conductor. Reliance shall not be placed on their dielectric capabilities;
(c) Ladders made of metal or other conductive material shall not be used where an electrical hazard exists. Only approved wood ladders (constructed in accordance with ANSI A14.1-1982, Safety Requirements for Portable Wood Ladders, or nonconductive ladders made of synthetic material equal to or exceeding the strength of approved wood ladders, shall be used;
(d) Metal ladders used where no electrical hazard exists shall conform to ANSI A14.2-1982, Safety Requirements for Portable Metal Ladders;
(e) All ladders shall be inspected daily before use. Unsafe ladders shall not be used;
(f) The attaching of cleats, metal points, and safety feet; lashing; or other effective means of securing the ladder shall be used if there is danger of its slipping;
(g) Ladders shall be supported while in storage so they will not sag. Except when on mobile equipment, ladders shall be stored under suitable cover, protected from the weather, and kept in a dry location away from excessive heat;
(h) Ladders shall not be used as bridges or inclined planes to load or handle logs or other material.
(12) Climbing spurs. Climbing spurs shall be of the tree-climbing type and have gaffs suitable for the tree being climbed.
[Publications: The publication(s) referred to or incorporated by reference in this rule are available from the agency.]
Stat. Auth.: ORS 654.025(2) & ORS 656.726(3)

Stats. Implemented: ORS 654.001 - ORS 654.295

Hist.: OSHA 27-1990, f. 12-12-90, cert. ef. 2-1-91; OSHA 1-1996, f. & cert. ef. 2-16-96
437-002-0310
Work procedures
(1) Climbing.
(a) A tree worker shall be tied in with an approved type of climbing rope and safety saddle when working 10 feet above the ground. The climbing rope shall always be used even when working from a ladder or scaffold and the employee is 10 feet or more above the adjacent ground line. A safety strap or rope with snaps may be used for additional protection.
(b) Limbs shall be inspected, while climbing, before applying weight. The climber shall not trust the capability of a dead branch to support his/her weight. Dead branches shall be broken off on the way up, if possible. Hands and feet shall be placed on separate limbs, if possible.
(c) The climbing rope shall be passed around the trunk of the tree as high as possible using branches with a wide crotch to prevent any binding of the safety rope. The crotch selected for tying in shall be over the work area as much as possible, but located in such a way that a slip or fall would swing the worker away from any electrical conductor. The rope shall also be passed around the main leader or an upright branch, using the limb as a stop. Feet, hands, and ropes shall be kept out of tight V-shaped crotches.
(d) The location of all electrical conductors shall be noted in relation to work procedures. The worker shall climb on the side of the tree that is away from electrical conductors, if possible.
(e) A figure-eight knot shall be tied in the end of the rope, particularly in the case of high trees. This will prevent pulling the rope accidentally through the taut line-hitch and possible serious injury from a fall.
(f) The climbing line shall be crotched as soon as practical after the worker is aloft, and a taut line-hitch tied and checked.
(g) The worker shall be completely secured with the climbing line before starting operations.
(h) The worker shall remain tied in until the work is completed and the worker has returned to the ground. If it is necessary to recrotch the rope in the tree, the worker shall retie the rope or use the safety strap before releasing the previous tie.
(2) Pruning and Trimming.
(a) Pole pruners and pole saws shall be hung securely in a vertical position to prevent dislodging. Pole pruners or pole saws shall not be hung on utility wires or cables, or left in the tree overnight. Pole saws shall be hung so that the sharp edge is away from the worker.
(b) A scabbard or sheath shall be hooked to the belt or safety saddle to carry the handsaw when not in use.
(c) Warnings, when necessary, shall be given by the worker in the tree before a limb is dropped.
(d) A separate line shall be attached to limbs which cannot be dropped or are too heavy to be controlled by hand. The line shall be held by workers on the ground end of the rope. Use of the same crotch for both safety rope and work rope shall be avoided.
(e) Cut branches shall not be left in trees overnight.
(f) A climbing rope shall never be left in a tree overnight. A service line shall be put up for overnight or longer.
(g) The climber shall inspect the rope for cuts or abrasions before starting work. If any cuts or serious abrasions are found, the rope shall be discarded, used for some other purpose, or the defective section cut off.
(h) During all tree working operations aloft, there shall be a second worker in the vicinity. This shall not apply to utility workers engaged in tree trimming incidental to their normal occupation, or to one-man service crews.
(3) Cabling.
(a) In cabling operations, branches which are to be cabled shall be brought together to the proper distanced by means of a block and tackle, a hand winch, a rope, or a rope with a come-along.
(b) Not more than two persons shall be in the tree working at opposite ends during cabling installation.
(c) When releasing the block and tackle, workers in trees shall be off to one side in case the lag hooks pull out under strain.
(d) Ground workers shall not stand under the tree when cable is being installed.
(e) Tools used for cabling, bark tracing, cavity work, etc., shall be carried in a bag or belt designed to hold tools, not put in the pocket or stuck in the top of a boot.
(4) Topping.
(a) Workers doing topping shall make sure the trees are able to stand the strain of a topping procedure. If not, some other means of lowering the branches shall be provided, such as a tree crane.
(b) If large limbs are lowered in sections, the worker in the tree shall be above the limb being lowered.
(c) Guidelines, handlines, or tag lines shall be used when conditions warrant their use.
(5) Felling.
(a) Before beginning any felling operation, a safety plan shall be developed which shall consider:
(A) The tree and the surrounding area for anything that may create a hazard when the tree falls;
(B) The shape of the tree;
(C) The lean of the tree;
(D) Wind force and direction;
(E) Decayed or other weak spots; and
(F) The location of other persons or structures.
(b) The work area shall be cleared to permit safe working conditions, and an escape route shall be planned before any cutting is started.
(c) Each tree worker shall be instructed as to exactly what is to be done during the felling operation. All workers not directly involved shall be at least two tree lengths away from the tree being felled.
(d) A notch and backcut shall be used in felling trees over 5 inches diameter breast high. No tree shall be felled by "ripping" or "slicing" cuts.
(e) The depth or penetration of the notch shall be approximately one-third the diameter of the tree.
(f) The opening or height of the notch shall be approximately 2-1/2 inches for each foot in diameter of the tree.
(g) The backcut shall be made higher than the point or apex of the notch to prevent kickback.
(h) Just before the tree is ready to fall, an audible warning shall be given to those in the area.
(i) If there is danger that the tree being felled may fall the wrong way or damage property; wedges, block and tackle, rope, or wire cable (except where an electrical hazard exists) shall be used. All limbs shall be removed from trees to a height and width sufficient to allow the tree to fall clear of any wires and other objects in the vicinity.
(j) Special precautions in roping rotten or split trees shall be taken to prevent the tree from falling in an unexpected direction even though the cut is made on the proper side.
(k) The faller shall retreat to a safe location when a tree is committed to fall.
(6) Chipper equipment and operation.
(a) Enclose chipper rotating components in a housing capable of retaining broken chipper knives or foreign material.
(b) Chipper feed chutes and side members must be designed to prevent operator contact with rotating blades during normal operation.
(c) Chippers without a mechanical infeed system must have:
(A) An infeed hopper that measures at least 85 inches from the blades or knives to ground level at the centerline of the hopper.
(B) A flexible antikickback device in the feed hopper. This device must protect the operator and other persons in the area from flying chips and debris.
(C) A shut-off switch within convenient reach of the worker feeding the chipper.
(d) Chippers with a mechanical infeed system must have a quick stop reversing device on the infeed. The quick stop reversing device control lever must be across the top and along each side of the hopper, as close to the feed end of the hopper as practicable within easy reach of the operator.
(e) Employees in the immediate area of an operating chipper must wear personal protective equipment as required by Subdivision I of this Division.
(f) Workers feeding chippers must not wear loose clothing, gauntlet-type gloves, rings or watches.
(g) Prevent accidental restart of equipment shut down for adjustment or repair as required by Division 2/J, 1910.147, Lockout/Tagout.
(h) Guard exposed adjacent blades when replacing chipper blades.
(i) Close and secure all access panels before operating the chipper.
(j) The chipper operator must have a coworker in the immediate vicinity when feeding chipper.
(k) Do not feed foreign objects into chipper.
(l) Feed chippers from the side of the centerline. The operator must immediately turn away from the feed table as brush is drawn into the rotor. Feed chippers from curbside whenever practical.
(m) Feed and discharge chutes must be in place to prevent contact with rotating blades during chipper operation.
(n) Chipper operators must be familiar with the manufacturer's operating instructions, maintenance and safe work practices.
(o) When trailer chippers are detached from trucks they must be chocked or otherwise secured.
(p) Before towing chipper, cross safety chains under the tongue of the chipper and attach them to the towing vehicle.
(7) Limbing and bucking.
(a) The tree worker shall work on the side opposite the side on which the limb is being cut.
(b) The tree worker shall stand on the uphill side of the work.
(c) Branches bent under tension shall be considered hazardous.
(d) The tree worker shall block the log to prevent rolling, when necessary.
(e) When bucking up trunks of trees, wedges shall be used as necessary to prevent binding of the guide bar or chain.
(8) Storm work and emergency conditions.
(a) Since storm work and emergency conditions create special hazards, only authorized representatives of the electric utility system operator/owner may perform tree work in these situations where energized electrical power conductors are involved.
(b) When an emergency condition develops due to tree operations, work shall be suspended and the system operator/owner shall be notified immediately.
Stat. Auth.: ORS 654.025(2) & ORS 656.726(4)

Stats. Implemented: ORS 654.001 - ORS 654.295

Hist.: OSHA 27-1990, f. 12-12-90, cert. ef. 2-1-91; OSHA 5-2001, f. & cert. ef. 4-6-01
437-002-0311
Mobile Equipment
(1) All vehicles shall comply with OAR 437-002-0223 in Division 2/N, Material Handling and Storage.
(2) All aerial lifts shall comply with Division 2/F, 1910.67, Vehicle-Mounted Elevating and Rotating Work Platforms.
(3) When an aerial lift device contacts an electrical conductor, the truck supporting the aerial lift device shall be considered as energized.
(4) Sprayers and related equipment:
(a) Working and walking surfaces of all sprayers and related equipment shall be covered with slip-resistant material;
(b) Equipment on which workers stand and spray while the vehicle is in motion shall be equipped with guardrailing around the working area. The guardrailings shall be constructed in accordance with OAR 437-002-1910.23(e), Railing, Toeboards, and Cover Specifications in Division 2/D.
(5) Stump cutters:
(a) Stump cutters shall be equipped with enclosures or guards that effectively protect the operator;
(b) The operator and workers in the immediate area shall wear eye protection.
Stat. Auth.: ORS 654.025(2) & ORS 656.726(3)

Stats. Implemented: ORS 654.001 - ORS 654.295

Hist.: OSHA 27-1990, f. 12-12-90, cert. ef. 2-1-91
CONTINUE TO OARs 437-002-0312 through 437-002-2324
JUMP BACK TO OARs 437-002-0005 through 437-002-0154



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