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Title 09. Code Of Civil Procedure


Published: 2015

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Title 09. CODE OF CIVIL PROCEDURE
Chapter 09.05. JURISDICTION

Sec. 09.05.010. Jurisdiction of action.

From the time of the service of a copy of the summons and complaint, or of the completion of the publication when service by publication is ordered, the court acquires jurisdiction and has control of all the subsequent proceedings. The voluntary appearance of the defendant is equivalent to personal service of a copy of the summons and complaint upon the defendant.

Sec. 09.05.015. Personal jurisdiction.

 (a) A court of this state having jurisdiction over the subject matter has jurisdiction over a person served in an action according to the rules of civil procedure

 (1) in an action, whether arising in or out of this state, against a defendant who, when the action is commenced,

 (A) is a natural person present in this state when served;

 (B) is a natural person domiciled in this state;

 (C) is a domestic corporation; or

 (D) is engaged in substantial and not isolated activities in this state, whether the activities are wholly interstate, intrastate, or otherwise;

 (2) in an action that may be brought under statutes of this state that specifically confer grounds for personal jurisdiction over the defendant;

 (3) in an action claiming injury to person or property in or out of this state arising out of an act or omission in this state by the defendant;

 (4) in an action claiming injury to person or property in this state arising out of an act or omission out of this state by the defendant, provided, in addition, that at the time of the injury either

 (A) solicitation or service activities were carried on in this state by or on behalf of the defendant; or

 (B) products, materials, or things processed, serviced, or manufactured by the defendant were used or consumed in this state in the ordinary course of trade;

 (5) in an action that

 (A) arises out of a promise, made anywhere to the plaintiff or to some third party for the plaintiff's benefit, by the defendant to perform services in this state or to pay for services to be performed in this state by the plaintiff;

 (B) arises out of services actually performed for the plaintiff by the defendant in this state, or services actually performed for the defendant by the plaintiff in this state if the performance in this state was authorized or ratified by the defendant;

 (C) arises out of a promise, made anywhere to the plaintiff or to some third party for the plaintiff's benefit, by the defendant to deliver or receive in this state or to ship from this state goods, documents of title, or other things of value;

 (D) relates to goods, documents of title, or other things of value shipped from this state by the plaintiff to the defendant on the order or direction of the defendant; or

 (E) relates to goods, documents of title, or other things of value actually received by the plaintiff in this state from the defendant without regard to where delivery to the carrier occurred;

 (6) in an action that arises out of

 (A) a promise, made anywhere to the plaintiff or to some third party for the plaintiff's benefit, by the defendant to create in either party an interest in, or to protect, acquire, dispose of, use, rent, own, control, or possess by either party real property situated in this state;

 (B) a claim to recover a benefit derived by the defendant through the use, ownership, control, or possession by the defendant of tangible property situated in this state either at the time of the first use, ownership, control, or possession or at the time the action is commenced; or

 (C) a claim that the defendant return, restore, or account to the plaintiff for an asset or thing of value that was in this state at the time the defendant acquired possession or control over it;

 (7) in an action to recover a deficiency judgment upon a mortgage note or conditional sales contract or other security agreement executed by the defendant or a predecessor of the defendant to whose obligations the defendant has succeeded and the deficiency is claimed

 (A) in an action in this state to foreclose upon real property situated in this state;

 (B) following sale of real property in this state by the plaintiff; or

 (C) following resale of tangible property in this state by the plaintiff;

 (8) in an action against a defendant who is or was an officer or director of a domestic corporation where the action arises out of the defendant's conduct as such officer or director or out of the activities of the corporation while the defendant held office as a director or officer;

 (9) in an action for the collection of taxes or assessments levied, assessed, or otherwise imposed by a taxing authority after April 10, 1968;

 (10) in an action that arises out of a promise made to the plaintiff or some third party by the defendant to insure upon or against the happening of an event if

 (A) the person insured was a resident of this state when the event out of which the cause of action is claimed to arise occurred;

 (B) the event out of which the cause of action is claimed to arise occurred in this state; or

 (C) the promise to insure was made in the state;

 (11) in an action against a personal representative to enforce a claim against the deceased person represented if one or more of the grounds stated in (2) - (10) of this subsection would have furnished a basis for jurisdiction over the deceased if living, and it is immaterial under this paragraph whether the action was commenced during the lifetime of the deceased;

 (12) in an action for annulment, divorce, legal separation, or separate maintenance when a personal claim is asserted against the nonresident party if

 (A) the parties resided in this state in a marital relationship for not less than six consecutive months within the six years preceding the commencement of the action;

 (B) the party asserting the personal claim has continued to reside in this state; and

 (C) the nonresident party receives notice as required by law.

 (b) In an action brought in reliance upon jurisdictional grounds stated in (a)(2) - (10) of this section, there cannot be joined in the same action any other claim or cause against the defendant unless grounds exist under this section for personal jurisdiction over the defendant as to the claim or cause to be joined.

 (c) The jurisdictional grounds stated in (a)(2) - (10) of this section are cumulative and in addition to any other grounds provided by the common law.

Sec. 09.05.020. Service of process on nonresident owner or operator of motor vehicle.

 (a) The operation of a motor vehicle by a nonresident, or owned by a nonresident and operated by the express or implied consent of the owner, in the state is considered equivalent to an appointment of the commissioner of administration by the nonresident as the nonresident's attorney. The summons may be served on the commissioner in an action against the nonresident growing out of an accident or collision in which the vehicle is involved while being so operated. This operation is considered a signification of the nonresident's agreement that a summons against the nonresident which is so served has the same legal force as if served on the nonresident personally in the state.

 (b) Service of the summons is made by leaving a copy of it with the commissioner of administration or the designee of the commissioner. The commissioner or a designee shall keep a record of each such process and the day and hour of service. This service is sufficient service on the nonresident.

 (c) The plaintiff or the plaintiff's attorney shall send a notice of the service and a copy of the summons to the defendant by registered mail within 10 days after the date of service.

 (d) The plaintiff or the plaintiff's attorney shall make an affidavit showing that service of the notice and summons on the defendant has been made by registered mail as provided in (c) of this section. The affiant shall attach to the affidavit a copy of the summons and notice so served and the registry receipt of the defendant. The affiant shall file the affidavit and attached papers with the court having jurisdiction of the cause.

 (e) The court in which the action is pending may order an extension of time necessary to give the defendant reasonable opportunity to defend the action.

Sec. 09.05.030. Service on personal representative of deceased nonresident; substitution of personal representative.

 (a) The death of a nonresident does not revoke the appointment of the commissioner of administration by the nonresident as attorney under AS 09.05.020 . If the nonresident dies, an action growing out of the accident or collision may be begun or prosecuted against an executor or administrator duly appointed by the state, territory, or district of the United States or foreign country where the nonresident is domiciled at the time of death. Service of the summons shall be made on the commissioner of administration. Notice of the service and the copy of the process shall be given to the nonresident's executor or administrator in like manner, with the same force as service on a living nonresident.

 (b) An action or proceeding pending in a state court, in which the court has obtained jurisdiction of a nonresident under AS 09.05.020, does not abate by reason of the nonresident's death. The nonresident's executor or administrator duly appointed in the state, territory, or district of the United States or foreign country where the nonresident is domiciled at the time of death, shall, on the application of the plaintiff, be brought in and substituted in the place of the nonresident, and the action or proceeding shall continue.

Sec. 09.05.040. Service of process on resident who leaves state after accident.

A resident who has operated a motor vehicle, or has owned a motor vehicle operated with the express or implied consent of the owner that has been involved in an accident or collision on a public highway, and who has moved to another state after the accident or collision shall be treated as a nonresident for service of process as provided under AS 09.05.020 and 09.05.030.

Sec. 09.05.050. Service of process on state prisoners.

 (a) In a civil action to which a person committed to the custody of the commissioner of corrections is a party or witness, service of process shall be made by delivering a copy of the summons and the complaint or pleadings, together with a form for affidavit of proof of service, to the shift supervisor of the correctional facility in which the person is housed. The shift supervisor shall

 (1) immediately hand deliver the summons and complaint or pleadings to the person whose name appears on the summons; and

 (2) promptly complete the affidavit of proof of service on the form provided and return it to the party requesting service of process.

 (b) A party requesting service of process under this section may locate a person committed to the custody of the commissioner of corrections by contacting the chief classification officer of the Department of Corrections during that officer's regular hours of work.

Chapter 09.10. LIMITATIONS OF ACTIONS

Sec. 09.10.010. General limitations on civil actions.

A person may not commence a civil action except within the periods prescribed in this chapter after the cause of action has accrued, except when, in special cases, a different limitation is prescribed by statute.

Sec. 09.10.020. When action commenced. [Repealed, Sec. 1 ch 27 SLA 1966. For present law, see Civ. R. 3].

 Repealed or Renumbered

Sec. 09.10.030. Actions to recover real property.

 (a) Except as provided in (b) of this section, a person may not bring an action for the recovery of real property or for the recovery of the possession of it unless the action is commenced within 10 years. An action may not be maintained under this subsection for the recovery unless it appears that the plaintiff, an ancestor, a predecessor, or the grantor of the plaintiff was seized or possessed of the premises in question within 10 years before the commencement of the action.

 (b) An action may be brought at any time by a person who was seized or possessed of the real property in question at some time before the commencement of the action or whose grantor or predecessor was seized or possessed of the real property in question at some time before commencement of the action, and whose ownership interest in the real property is recorded under AS 40.17, in order to

 (1) quiet title to that real property; or

 (2) eject a person from that real property.

Sec. 09.10.040. Action upon judgment or sealed instrument in 10 years.

 (a) A person may not bring an action upon a judgment or decree of a court of the United States, or of a state or territory within the United States, and an action may not be brought upon a sealed instrument, unless the action is commenced within 10 years.

 (b) [Repealed, Sec. 54 ch 132 SLA 1998].

Sec. 09.10.050. Certain property actions to be brought in six years.

Unless the action is commenced within six years, a person may not bring an action for waste or trespass upon real property.

Sec. 09.10.053. Contract actions to be brought in three years.

Unless the action is commenced within three years, a person may not bring an action upon a contract or liability, express or implied, except as provided in AS 09.10.040 , or as otherwise provided by law, or, except if the provisions of this section are waived by contract.

Sec. 09.10.054. Limits on when certain design, construction, and remodeling actions may be brought.

 (a) For actions covered under AS 09.45.881 - 09.45.899, a claimant may not begin an action against a construction professional unless the notice of claim under AS 09.45.881 is given within one year after the claimant discovers the defect that is the subject of the action, except that the action may not be begun more than 10 years after substantial completion of the dwelling construction or remodeling that contains or implements the alleged defect.

 (b) A limitation imposed under this chapter for an action under AS 09.45.881 - 09.45.899 is tolled between the time the claimant serves notice under AS 09.45.881 and the time the claimant should reasonably understand that settlement under the procedures in AS 09.45.881 - 09.45.899 will not succeed.

 (c) In this section,

 (1) "action," "claim," "construction professional," and "dwelling" have the meanings given in AS 09.45.899 ;

 (2) "substantial completion" means the date when the construction or remodeling is sufficiently completed to allow the owner of the dwelling or a person authorized by the owner to use or occupy the dwelling or the improvement to the dwelling in the manner for which the dwelling or improvement was intended.

Sec. 09.10.055. Statute of repose of 10 years.

 (a) Notwithstanding the disability of minority described under AS 09.10.140 (a), a person may not bring an action for personal injury, death, or property damage unless commenced within 10 years of the earlier of the date of

 (1) substantial completion of the construction alleged to have caused the personal injury, death, or property damage; however, the limitation of this paragraph does not apply to a claim resulting from an intentional or reckless disregard of specific project design plans and specifications or building codes; in this paragraph, "substantial completion" means the date when construction is sufficiently completed to allow the owner or a person authorized by the owner to occupy the improvement or to use the improvement in the manner for which it was intended; or

 (2) the last act alleged to have caused the personal injury, death, or property damage.

 (b) This section does not apply if

 (1) the personal injury, death, or property damage resulted from

 (A) prolonged exposure to hazardous waste;

 (B) an intentional act or gross negligence;

 (C) fraud or misrepresentation;

 (D) breach of an express warranty or guarantee;

 (E) a defective product; in this subparagraph, "product" means an object that has intrinsic value, is capable of delivery as an assembled whole or as a component part, and is introduced into trade or commerce; or

 (F) breach of trust or fiduciary duty;

 (2) the facts that would give notice of a potential cause of action are intentionally concealed;

 (3) a shorter period of time for bringing the action is imposed under another provision of law;

 (4) the provisions of this section are waived by contract; or

 (5) the facts that would constitute accrual of a cause of action of a minor are not discoverable in the exercise of reasonable care by the minor's parent or guardian.

 (c) The limitation imposed under (a) of this section is tolled during any period in which there exists the undiscovered presence of a foreign body that has no therapeutic or diagnostic purpose or effect in the body of the injured person and the action is based on the presence of the foreign body.

Sec. 09.10.060. Actions for certain statutory penalties to be brought in three years.

 (a) [Repealed, Sec. 2 ch 70 SLA 1996].

 (b) A person may not bring an action upon a statute for penalty or forfeiture where the action is given to the party aggrieved or to that party and the state unless the action is brought within three years, except where the statute imposing it prescribes a different limitation.

 (c) [Renumbered as AS 09.10.065 ].

Sec. 09.10.065. Commencement of actions for acts constituting sexual offenses.

 (a) A person may bring an action at any time for conduct that would have, at the time the conduct occurred, violated provisions of any of the following offenses:

 (1) felony sexual abuse of a minor;

 (2) felony sexual assault; or

 (3) unlawful exploitation of a minor.

 (b) Unless the action is commenced within three years of the accrual of the claim for relief, a person may not bring an action for conduct that would have, at the time the conduct occurred, violated the provisions of any of the following offenses:

 (1) misdemeanor sexual abuse of a minor;

 (2) misdemeanor sexual assault;

 (3) incest; or

 (4) felony indecent exposure.

Sec. 09.10.070. Actions for torts, for injury to personal property, for certain statutory liabilities, and against peace officers and coroners to be brought in two years.

 (a) Except as otherwise provided by law, a person may not bring an action (1) for libel, slander, assault, battery, seduction, or false imprisonment, (2) for personal injury or death, or injury to the rights of another not arising on contract and not specifically provided otherwise; (3) for taking, detaining, or injuring personal property, including an action for its specific recovery; (4) upon a statute for a forfeiture or penalty to the state; or (5) upon a liability created by statute, other than a penalty or forfeiture; unless the action is commenced within two years of the accrual of the cause of action.

 (b) A person may not bring an action against a peace officer or coroner upon a liability incurred by the doing of an act in an official capacity or by the omission of an official duty, including the nonpayment of money collected upon an execution, unless brought within two years. This subsection does not apply to an action for an escape.