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Maritime Drug Trafficking (Suppression) Act


Published: 1998-02-28

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MARlTlME DRUG TRAFFKKING (SUPPRESSION)

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THE MARlTIME DRUG TRAFFICKING
(SUPPRESSION) ACT

ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS

PUT I . Preliminary

Short title.
Interpretation.
Application of the Act to treaty States.
Establishment of Central Authority.

PART II. Requests by Jamaica

Requests by Jamaica relating to waters seaward of territorial

Contents of request.
Request for assistance to condwt patrols. etc.. in Jamaican

Embarking on treaty State’s law enforcement vessels.
Law enforcement actions. responsibility of Jamaican law enforce-

Authority of Jamaican law enforcement officials on board treaty

Permission to follow aircraft or vessel into treaty State waters.
Permission to overfly treaty State waters.

sea.

waters.

ment officials.

State’s vessel.

PART III. Requests by treaty State

Requests by treaty States relating to waters seaward of territorial

Contents of request by treaty State.
Request for assistance to conduct patrol. etc., in treaty State

sea.

waters.

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2 MARITIME DRUG TRAFFICKING (SUPPRESSION)

16. Embarking on Jamaican law enforcement vessels.
17. Authority of law enforcement officials of a treaty State on board

18. Permission to follow aircraft or vessel in Jamaican waters.
19. Aircraft support in Jamaican airspace or Jamaican waters.

Jamaican vessels.

PART IV. General

20. Waiver of jurisdiction.
21. Extension of laws of Jamaica to offences committed on vessels

22. Rcgdationa.
outside Jamaican waters.

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MARITIME DRUG TRAFFICKING (SUPPRESSION) :3

Ad
1 d1W. THE MARITIME DRUG TRAFFICKING

(SUPPRESSION) ACT

[28th February, 1998.1

PART I. Preliminary

1. This Act may be cited as the Maritime Drug Traffick- Short title.
ing (Suppression) Act.

Interprefa
tion. 2. In this Act-

“Central Authority” means the Authority established
under section 4;

“the Convention” means the United Nations Conven-
tion Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and
Psychotropic Substances;

“illicit traffic” has the same meaning as in the Conven-
tion;

“Jamaica” has the same meaning as in the Jamaica
Independence Act;

“Jamaican airspace” means the airspace over Jamaica
and Jamaican waters;

“Jamaican waters” means the internal waters of
Jamaica as defined in section 4 of the Maritime
Areas Act, the archipelagic waters of Jamaica as
defined in section 5 of that Act and the territorial
sea of Jamaica as defined in section 12 of that Act;

“law enforcement officials” means-
(a) members of the Jamaica Constabulary

Force or members of the Jamaica Defence
Force; or

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4 MARlTlME DRUG TRAFFZCKING (SUPPRESSION)

(b) any person designated as such by a treaty
State;

“law enforcement vessels” means-
(a) ships clearly marked and identifiable as

being on government non-commercial
service and authorized and used for law
enforcement purposes; and

(b) any boat or aircraft embarked on such
ships;

“treaty State” means any foreign State in relation to
which an order under section 3 (1) is for the time
being in force and includes-

(a) a colony, territory, protectorate or other
dependency of such State;

(b) a territory for the international relations
of which such State is responsible;

“treaty State waters” means waters under the sov-
ereignty of a treaty State.

Application

treaty
Slatea.

3.-(1) Where any maritime drug trafficking treaty has
been made with any foreign State, the Minister may, by
order, declare that the provisions of this Act shall apply in
respect of that foreign State, subject to such exceptions,
adaptations or modifications, as the Minister, having due
regard to the ternis of such treaty, may deem expedient to
specify in the order for the purposes of implementing those
terms.

12) The Minister may from time to time by order,
compile and publish in the Gazette a list of foreign States
with which maritime drug trafficking treaties are in force;
and, without prejudice to any other form of proof of the
I__

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MARITIME DRUG TRAFFICKING (SUPPRESSION) 5

existence of such treaty, such an order shall, in any proceed-
ings, be conclusive evidence that a maritime drug traffick-
ing treaty is in force between Jamaica and each foreign
State named in the list.

(3) An order under this section shall be subject to
affirmative resolution.

.

4.-(1) There is hereby established an Authority to be Establish-
known as the Central Authority which shall be the Minister Centrd
responsible for national security or any person designated Authority.
by him for the purpose of performing such functions or
duties of the Central Authority as may be specified in the
instrument of designation.

(2) The Central Authority shall have the power to
make, receive and approve requests for assistance as speci-
fied in this Act.

ment of

PART 11. Requests by Jamaica
5.41) Where Jamaican law enforcement officials have $y$~a

reasonable grounds for suspecting that a foreign vessel of relating to
a treaty State is engaging in illicit traffic seaward of any ward of
State's territorial sea, the Central Authority may request zbfia*
that State in which the foreign vessel is registered or claims
to be registered to verify the registration of that vessel and,
if verified, to authorize the boarding and search of such
vessel, its cargo and persons found on board.

(2) A request made under this section shall be con-
veyed orally and confirmed in writing to the competent
authority of the treaty State and shall state the grounds on
which it is made.

watere sea-

(3) A vessel shall be deemed to be flying the flag of
or registered in a treaty State if it is registered or licensed

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M A RI TIME DR UG T R A FPIC KING (SUPPRESSION)

as a fishing vessel under the laws of that State relating to
fishing or the fishing industry.

Con,tents. 6.-(1) A request for authorization to board and search
of request. a vessel shall contain-

(a) the name, homeport and registration number of
the vessel;

(b) the grounds for suspecting that the vessel is en-
gaged in illicit traffic;

(c) such other information as may be necessary to
identify the vessel.

(2) Jamaican law enforcement officials shall, while
carrying out a boarding and search, take into account the
need-

(a) not to endanger the safety of life at sea or the
security of the vessel being searched and of its
cargo;

(b) not to prejudice the commercial and legal interests
of the treaty State or any other interested State;

(c) to observe norms of courtesy, respect and con-
sideration for the persons on board that vessel.

(3) Where, as a result of any search carried out on a
vessel, evidence is found of illicit traffic, the Jamaican law
enforcement officials-

(a) shall forthwith-
(i) inform the treaty State of the results of the

search and of the names and nationality, if
known, of the persons on board the vessel;

(ii) request the treaty State to give directions as
to the disposition of the vessel, cargo and
persons on board;

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MARITIME DRUG TRAFFICKING (SUPPRESSION) 7

(5) may detain the vessel, cargo and persons on board
pending receipt of such directions.

(4) Jamaican law enforcement officials shall, when
boarding a vessel and carrying out a search thereon, avoid
the use of force in any way, including the use of firearms
except in the following cases-

(a) in the exercise of the right of self-defence;
(b) to compel the vessel to stop where the vessel has

ignored the standard warnings given by the
Jamaican law enforcement officials to do so;

(c) to maintain order on board the vessel while the
boarding and search are being carried out or while
the vessel is being detained, in circumstances
where--

(9 the crew or persons on board resist or im-
pede the boarding or search or try to
destroy evidence of illicit traffic; or

(ii) the vessel attempts to flee during the board-
ing or search or while it is being detained.

(5) Jamaican law enforcement officials may carry
small arms while conducting a boarding and search of any
vessel and shall only discharge them-

(a) when it is not possible to apply less extreme

(b) with the prior authorization of the treaty State,
except where warning shots are required as a signal for a
vessel to stop or in the exercise of the right of selfdefence.

measures; and

7.-(1) The Central Authority may request assistance R e q - t h
aa9iat.nce

from a treaty State for the provision by that State of law Q coodud
enforcement vessels to effectively carry out patrols and con- zy2
duct surveillance in Jamaican waters for the prevention and $*
detection of illicit traffic.

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8 MARITIME DRUG TRAFFICKING (SUPPRESSION)

Embarking
on treaty
State’s law
eoforce-
ment
vessels.

Law en-
forcement
aotions,
T m i -
biltty of
Jamaican
law en-
forcement
oftkids.

(2) Where a treaty State agrees to provide assistance
in response to a request made under subsection (11, the
Central Authority shall request the treaty State to provide
the following information-

(Q) the name and description of the law enforcement
vessel;

(b) the date when and the period during which it will
be made available;

(c) the name of the Commanding Officer; and

(4 such other information as the Central Authority
considers relevant.

8.-(1) The Central Authority may designate law enforce-
ment officials who may, for the conduct of law enforce-
ment operations for the prevention, detention and suppres-
sion of illicit traffic by vessels in Jamaican waters, embark
on law enforcement vessels belonging to a treaty State.

(2) The law enforcement officials may, while embarked

(a) enforce the laws of Jamaica in Jamaican waters,
and seaward therefrom in the exercise of the right
of hot pursuit, or otherwise, in accordance with
international law; and

on law enforcement vessels belonging to a treaty State-

(b) authorize the entry of the law enforcement vessels
into and their navigation within Jamaican waters.

9. Any law enforcement action, including boardings,
searches or seizures, detentions and the use of force, whether
or not involving weapons, carried out pursuant to section
8, shall be the responsibility of and carried out by Jamaican
law enforcement officials in accordance with Jamaican law.

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MARITIME DRUG TRAFFICKING (SUPPRESSION) 9

10. Where Jamaican law enforcement officials are em- Authoriw
barked on a law enforcement vessel of a treaty State those law en-
officials shall carry out law enforcement action as described FEzsyn
in section 9 so, however, that-

of Jamaican

board treaty
State's

(a) crew members of the treaty State's law enforcement &.
action if expressly requested to do so by the
vessel may assist in any such law enforcement
action by Jamaican law enforcement officials in
command but only to the extent and in the manner
requested; and

(h ) any such assistance shall be rendered in accordance
with the relevant Jamaican laws, to the extent that
those laws are not inconsisent with the laws of the
treaty State.

1 1 4 1 ) Where Jamaican law enforcement officials have Permission
reasonable grounds to suspect that a foreign aircraft or aircraftor
foreign vessel is engaged in illicit traffic, the Central Author- E: &\
ity may request permission of the relevant treaty State for a
Jamaican law enforcement vessel to follow the foreign air-
craft or foreign vessel into the treaty State waters or to enter
those waters or that State's airspace in order to maintain
contact with the aircraft or vessel and to investigate, board
and search such vessel.

(2) A request made under this section shall be con-
veyed orally and confinned in writing to the competent
authority of the treaty State and shall state the grounds on
which it is made.

(3) The Central Authority, in making a request
under subsection (U, shall specify the special circamstances
which exist arid the grounds for the alleged suspicion.

(4) All boardings and searches of foreign vessels
suspected of illicit traffic, carried out pursuant to permission

to follow

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': 10 MARITIME DRUG TRAFFICKING (SUPPRESSION)

granted by a relevant treaty State shall be conducted in
accordance with the laws of that State.

(5) Where as a result of boarding and search,
evidence is found of illicit traffic on a foreign vessel-

(a) the relevant treaty State shall be promptly in-
formed of the results of the search;

(b) that vessel and cargo and persons found on board
shall unless the relevant treaty State otherwise
directs, be detained and taken to a designated port
within the waters of that State,

and thereafter, all law enforcement action shall be under the
control and direction of the law enforcement officials, and
ceiiducted in accordance with the laws of the relevant treaty
State.

q(6) Where special circumstances exist which make it
essential for Jamaican law enforcement officials to maintain
contact with a foreign aircraft or foreign vessel suspected
of illicit traffic which is in or is entering the treaty State
waters or the treaty State airspace, the Jamaican law
enforcement vessel may, upon notice to the person desig-
nated by the competent authority of the relevant State,
enter those waters for the sole purpose of maintaining con-
tact with that aircraft or vessel pending a response to the
request for permission under subsection (1).

Permission 12.41) Where Jamaican law enforcement officials have
to overBy
treatyStatd reasonable grounds to suspect that a foreign vessel or

foreign aircraft is engaged in illicit traffic and that vessel or
aircraft is located in or over, or is entering the airspace or
waters of a treaty State, those officials shall provide the
competent authority of the treaty State with information
regarding that aircraft or vessel and may make a request
for Jamaican aircraft-

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MARITlME DRUG TRAFFICKING (SUPPRESSION) 11

(a) to overfly the territory and waters of that State in
pursuit of the foreign aircraft or foreign vessel
fleeing into or located within that State’s airspace
or waters;

(b) to manoeuvre to maintain visual and electronic
contact with that aircraft or vessel.

(2) Where a request referred to in subsection (1) is
granted, the Central Authority shall, before any Jamaican
aircraft overflies the territory of the relevant treaty State or
manoeuvres to maintain CoEtact, give notice of the overflight
and manoeuvre to the competent authority and the civil
aviation authority of that State; and the aircraft shall comply
with all air navigation and flight safety directions given by
that State’s civil aviation authority.

(3) Where circumstances exist which make it essen-
tial for Jamaican law enforcement officials to maintain con-
tact with a foreign aircraft or foreign vessel suspected of
illicit traffic which is in or entering the treaty State waters
or the treaty State airspace the Jamaican law enforcement
aircraft may, upon notice to the competent authority of
the treaty State and its civil aviation authority, enter and
manoeuvre within the treaty State airspace for the sole pur-
pose of maintaining contact with the foreign aircraft or
foreign vessel pending a response to the request for permis-
sion under subsection (1).

PART m. Requests by treaty State
13.-(1) Assistance may be provided by the Central Requestsby

treaty State
relating to Authority to a treaty State on request, to-
waters sea-
ward of
territorial

(a) verify the registration of a vessel which is-
(i) suspected by that State of being engaged in sea

illicit traffic seaward of any State’s territorial
sea; and

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12 MARITIME DRUG TRAFFKKING (SUPPRESSION)

(ii) registered or claiins to be registered in

(6) authorize the boarding and search of such vessel,
its cargo and persons found on board.

(2) A request made under this section shall be con-
veyed orally and confirmed in writing to the Central
Authority and shall state the grounds on which it is made.

Jamaica; and

(3) A vessel shall be deemed to be flying the flag of or
registered in Jamaica if it is registered or licensed as a fishing
vessel under the laws of Jamaica relating to fishing or the
fishing industry.

(4) Where the Central Authority verifies that the
vessel is registered in Jamaica and is satisfied that there are
reasonable grounds to believe that the vessel is engaged in
illicit traffic, the Central Authority may authorize the law
enforcement officials of the treaty State to board and search
that vessel, its cargo and persons found on board.

Contents of

treaty State. a vessel shall contain-
14.-(1) A request for authorization to board and search

(a) the name, homeport and registration number of
the vessel;

(b) the grounds for suspecting that the vessel or air-
craft is engaged in illicit traffic;

,(c) such other information as may be necessary to
identify the vessel.

(2) Law enforcement officials of the treaty State
shall, when boarding and carrying out a search on a
Jamaican vessel, take into account the need-

(a) not to endanger the safety of life at sea or the
security of the vessel being searched and of its
cargo;

request by

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MARITIME DRUG TRAFFICKING (SUPPRESSION)

(b) not to prejudice the commercial and legal interests
of Jamaica or any other interested State;

(c) to observe norms of courtesy, respect and con-
sideration for the persons on board that vessel.

(3) Where, as a result of any search carried out on
a Jamaican vessel, evidence is found of illicit traffic, the law
enforcement officials of the treaty State-

(a) shall forthwith-
(i) inform the Central Authority of the names

and nationality, if known, of the persons on
board the vessel;

(ii) request the Central Authority to give direc-
tions as to the disposition of the vessel,
cargo and persons on board;

Ib) may detain the vessel, cargo and persons on board
pending receipt of such directions.

(4) Law enforcement officials of the treaty State
shall, when boarding and carrying out a search on a
Jamaican vessel, avoid the use of force, in any way, includ-
ing the use of firearms, except in the following cases-

(a) in the exercise of the right of self-defence;
(b) to compel the Jamaican vessel to stop where the

vessel has ignored the standard warnings given by
the law enforcement officials of the treaty State to
do so;

(c) to maintain order on board the vessel while the
boarding and search are being carried out or the
vessel is being detained in circumstances where-

(i) the crew or persons on board resist or im-
pede the boarding or search or try to destroy
evidence of illicit traffic; or

(ii) the vessel attempts to flee during the board-
ing or search or while it is being detained.

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13

14 MARITIME DRUG TRAFFICKING (SUPPRESSION)

(5) Law enforcement officials of the treaty State may
carry small arms while conducting a boarding and search of
any vessel, and shall only discharge them'-

(a) when it is not possible to apply less extreme
measures; and

(6) with the prior authorization of the Central Author-
ity, except where warning shots are required as a
signal for a vessel to stop or in the exercise of the
right of selfdefence.

Request for 15-41) Assistance may be granted by the Central
to conduct Authority on request to a treaty State for the provision by
in patrols, treaty etc., Jamaica of law enforcement vessels to effectively carry out
sta~k waten. patrols and conduct surveillance in waters of the treaty

assistance

State for the prevention and detection of illicit traffic.

(2) Where Jamaica agrees to provide assistance
under subsection (I), the Central Authority shall inform the
competent authority of the treaty State of-

(a) the name and description of the law enforcement
vessel;

{b) the date when and the period during which it wiIl
be made available;

(c) the name of the Commanding Officer; and
(d) any other relevant information.

Embarking 16.--(1) Where assistance is granted to a treaty State
law enforce- for the conduct by law enforcement officials of that State
ment vessels. of law enforcement operations for the prevention, detection

and suppression of illicit traffic by vessels in the treaty State
waters, the law enforcement officials designated by the
treaty State for that purpose may embark on law enforce-
ment vessels belonging to Jamaica.

on Jamaican

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MARITIME DRUG TRAFFICKING (SUPPRESSION) 15

(2) The law enforcement officials of a treaty State
may, while embarked on law enforcement vessels belong-
ing to Jamaica-

(a) enforce the laws of the treaty State in the waters
of that State, and seaward therefrom in the exercise
of the right of hot pursuit, or otherwise, in accord-
ance with international law; and

(b) authorize the entry of the law enforcement
vessels of Jamaica into and their navigation within
the waters of the treaty State.

(3) Any law enforcement action, including any
boarding or search of a vessel or search or seizure of p r o p
erty, detention of person and the use of force, whether
or not involving weapons, carried out pursuant to this
section, shall be the responsibility of and carried out by law
enforcement officials of the treaty State in accordance with
the laws of that State.

17.-(1) Where law enforcement officials of a treaty State Authority of law
enforcement
officials of

State on

are embarked on a Jamaican law enforcement vessel-
(a) those officials shall have authority to carry out any a treae

law enforcement action, including the boarding or board
search of any vessel or the search or seizure of any kziy
property, and the detention of a person, by use of
force, whether or not involving weapons;

(b) crew members of Jamaican law enforcement vessels
may assist in any such action-

{i) if expressly requested to do so by the treaty
State’s law enforcement official in com-
mand; and

(ii) only to the extent and in the manner re-
quested; and

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16 MARITIME DRUG TRAFFICKING (SUPPRESSION)

(c) such assistance, including the use of force, shall
be rendered in accordance with the relevaat laws
of the treaty State to the extent that those laws are
not inconsistent with the laws of Jamaica.

Pemmo*

aircraft or

Jamaican

18.-(1) Assistance may be provided by the Central
Authority to a treaty State on request, to permit a law en-
forcenient vessel of that State-

(a) to follow a foreign aircraft or vessel into Jamaican
waters; or

(b) to enter Jamaican waters in order t o -

to follow

vessel into

waters.

(i) maintain contact with that aircraft or vessel;
and

(ii) investigate, board and search such vessel.

(2) A request made under this section shall be con-
veyed orally and confirmed in writing to the Central
Authority and shall state the grounds on which it is made.

(3) A request under subsection (1) shall specify the
special circumstances which exist and the grounds for the
alleged suspicion.

(4) Where the Central Authority is satisfied that
there are reasonable grounds to suspect that the foreign
aircraft or foreign vessel is engaged in illicit traffic and that
special circumstances so warrant, the Central Authority may
approve the request made under subsection (1).

(5 ) All boardings and searches of foreign vessels
suspected of illicit traffic shall be conducted in accordance
with the laws of Jamaica.

(6) In approving a request under subsection (1) the
Central Authority shall require that if, as a result of board-
ing and search referred to in subsection (1) (b) (ii), evidence
of illicit traffic is found on a foreign vessel-

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MARITIME DRUG TRAFFICKING (SUPPRESSION) 17

(a) the Central Authority be promptly informed of the
results of the search;

(b) the vessel, cargo and persons found on board be
detained and taken to a designated port within
Jamaican waters unless the Central Authority
otherwise directs,

and thereafter all enforcement action shall be under the con-
trol and direction of Jamaican law enforcement officials, and
conducted in accordance with the laws of Jamaica

(7) Where special circumstances exist which make
it essential for law enforcement officials of a treaty State
to maintain contact with a foreign aircraft or foreign vessel
suspected of illicit traffic which is in or is entering the waters
or airspace of Jamaica, the law enforcement vessel of the
treaty State may, upon notice to the person designated by
the Central Authority, enter Jamaican waters for the sole
purpose of maintaining contact with that aircraft or vessel
pending a response to the request for permission under sub-
section (1).

19.41) Assistance may be provided by the Central Aircraft
Authority to a treaty State on request, to permit an aircraft support jamajcan in

airspace or
Jamaican of that State to-

(a) overfly Jamaica and Jamaican waters in pursuit of
a foreign aircraft or foreign vessel fleeing into or
located within Jamaican airspace or Jamaican
waters;

(b) manoeuvre to maintain visual and electronic con-
tact with that aircraft or vessel.

(2) Where the Central Authority is satisfied that there
are reasonable grounds to suspect that a foreign vessel or
foreign aircraft is engaged in illicit traffic, it may approve
a request made under subsection (1).

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18 MARITIME DRUG TRAFFICKlNG (SUPPRESSION)

(3) Approval of a request under this section shall

(a) the competent authority of the treaty State shall
be required, before any of that State’s aircraft
overflies Jamaica or manoeuvres to maintain con-
tact, to give notice of the overflight and manoeuvre
to the Central Authority and the Civil Aviation
Authority; and

(b) the aircraft shall be required to comply wijth all
air navigation and flight safety directions given by
the Civil Aviation Authority.

be subject to the following conditionsc-

(4) Where circumstances exist which make it essen-
tial for law enforcement offcials of a treaty State to main-
tain contact with a foreign aircraft or foreign vessel
suspected of illicit traffic which is in or entering Jamaican
waters or Jamaican airspace, the law enforcement aircraft
of that treaty State may, upon notice to the person desig-
nated by the Central Authority and to the Civil Aviation
Authority, enter and manoeuvre within Jamaican airspace
for the sole purpose of maintaining contact with the air-
craft or vessel pending a response to the request for per-
mission under subsection (1).

PART IV. General
Waiver of 2 0 . 4 1) Where-
jurisdiction.

(a) pursuant to section 5, a foreign vessel of a treaty
State is detained seaward of any State’s territorial
sea by Jamaican law enforcement officials; and

(b) the treaty State waives its right to exercise juris-
diction over that vessel and authorizes Jamaica to
enforce its laws against that vessel, its cargo and
any persons found on board,

any offence that may have been committed, in relation to
iilicit traffic, shall be liable to be tried by a court in Jamaica.

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MARITIME DRUG TRAFFZCKZNG (SUPPRESSION) 19

(2) Where pursuant to section 13, a Jamaican
vessel is detained seaward of any State’s territorial sea by
a treaty State, the Minister may waive Jamaica’s right to
exercise jurisdiction over the vessel and authorize the
relevant treaty State to enforce its laws against that vessel,
its cargo and persons found on board other than Jamaican
nationals.

(3) Nothing in this Act shall be construed as a waiver
by Jamaica of its right to exercise jurisdiction over any
Jamaican national or as authorizing the relevant treaty State
to enforce its laws against any such national.

21.41) The laws of Jamaica extend to any offence corn- tfyFd
mitted outside of Jamaican waters on a vessel or aircraft imai~a to
registered in Jamaica; and for the purposes of the jurisdic- =&,
tion of any court in Jamaica, the offence shall be treated g b v
as if it were can-mitted in the parish in which proceedings ~hunai~an
are brought. waters.

(2) Where the offence of illicit traffic is committed-
(a) within the territory of Jamaica or on board a

vessel or aircraft which is registered in Jamaica;
and

(b) the alleged offender is-
(i) present in Jamaica; or
(ii) a Jamaican national,

that offender shall be liable to be tried by a court in
Jamaica if that offender is not extradited pursuant to the
provisions of the Convention on the ground specified in
paragraph (a) or (b) (ii).

22. The Minister may make regulations in respect of all Reeuladom
such matters as are required or necessary for carrying out
or giving effect to this Act.
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