7.2.2014   

EN

Official Journal of the European Union

L 38/46

(1)

Diabrotica virgifera virgifera Le Conte (hereinafter: ‘Diabrotica’) is a non-native insect pest of maize. It has spread and established in over half of the Union maize growing area.

(2)

The measures to prevent the spread of Diabrotica within the Union carried out pursuant to Commission Decision 2003/766/EC (1) did not prove to be successful. Moreover, according to an impact assessment carried out by the Commission it is neither feasible to pursue an eradication of this pest from the Union territory nor to prevent its further spread into the areas which are currently free from that harmful organism. Therefore the Commission has decided by Implementing Directive 2014/19/EU (2) and Implementing Decision 2014/62/EU (3) to withdraw the recognition of Diabrotica as a regulated harmful organism with quarantine status, by deleting it from Annex I to Council Directive 2000/29/EC (4), and to repeal Decision 2003/766/EC, respectively.

(3)

Under Decision 2003/766/EC crop rotation was compulsory only for the eradication of isolated outbreaks of Diabrotica. Nevertheless, scientific studies have shown that crop rotation is the most effective technique to also slow down the spread of Diabrotica and to reduce its impact. In addition to being an effective method to control Diabrotica, crop rotation has several other advantages from an environmental point of view. These include the improvement or maintenance of soil fertility and structure, and the breaking of pest and weed cycles with the potential to reduce the farmers’ reliance on chemical inputs of fertilisers and plant protection products. Consequently, crop rotation has also a positive impact on water and air quality, and on biodiversity. However, from other studies carried out on this pest, it became clear that with its further spread there is a potential for increased reliance on insecticides, since in some cases it may be difficult to find an economically attractive alternative crop to maize in the rotation.

(4)

Therefore, an effective and sustainable control of Diabrotica should be envisaged by Member States, also after the withdrawal of the recognition of Diabrotica as a regulated harmful organism with quarantine status. Article 14 of Directive 2009/128/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (5) provides for Member States to establish appropriate incentives to encourage professional users to implement, on a voluntary basis, crop or sector specific guidelines for integrated pest management, which should be drawn up by public authorities or organisations representing particular professional users. Pursuant to the general principles of integrated pest management, prevention of the occurrence of pests has a key role in reducing the need of intervention with plant protection products. Moreover, sustainable biological, physical and other non-chemical methods should be preferred to chemical methods, if they provide adequate pest control.

(5)

In accordance with these general principles of integrated pest management, application of crop rotation, of appropriate monitoring of Diabrotica populations and other relevant measures preventing spreading of harmful organisms, such as hygiene measures as cleansing the agricultural machinery, should be included in crop or sector-specific guidelines.

(6)

Furthermore, in order to enhance the respect by users of Article 55 of Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council (6) where insecticides are used to control Diabrotica, crop or sector specific guidelines for integrated pest management concerning this pest should be in line with the rules on proper use of plant protection products as set out in that provision.

(7)

Professional users of plant protection products should have at their disposal information and tools for monitoring Diabrotica, as well as advisory services on integrated pest management, including specific prevention and control methods for Diabrotica. The results of the monitoring should help farmers to decide whether and when there is still need to apply plant protection measures. It is relevant that robust and scientifically sound Diabrotica population threshold values are defined for a region, since these are essential components for decision making.

(8)

Member States ensuring, in compliance with Article 5 of Directive 2009/128/EC, that all professional users have access to training on specific subjects should therefore include also the provisions of this Recommendation in the respective training programme.

(9)

Research and technological development on tools for the sustainable control of Diabrotica should be promoted to ensure more cost effective and environmentally sustainable measures against that harmful organism,

1.

Member States should take into account the general principles of integrated pest management laid down in Annex III to Directive 2009/128/EC for the control of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera Le Conte (hereinafter ‘Diabrotica’) in Union areas where its presence is confirmed. For the purposes of this Recommendation ‘control’ means the suppression of the population density of the pest to a level not causing significant economic losses, with a view to ensuring an economically sustainable production of maize.

2.

Member States should ensure that the crop or sector specific guidelines for integrated pest management, drawn up by public authorities or organisations representing particular professional users, concerning Diabrotica addressed to farmers of maize and professional users of plant protection products are in line with the rules on proper use of plant protection products as set out in Article 55 of Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009.

3.

Sustainable biological, physical and other non-chemical methods should be preferred to chemical methods, if the former provide satisfactory pest control. Therefore, control of Diabrotica by the professional users should be achieved or supported by the following actions:

Crop rotation should be preferred in view of its high effectiveness to control Diabrotica and its environmental and longer term agronomical benefits.

4.

All measures set out in point 3 should be accompanied by monitoring of the presence of Diabrotica to identify the need and proper timing for protective actions. Member States should ensure that effective monitoring of the population of Diabrotica is carried out using adequate methods and tools. Scientifically sound Diabrotica population threshold values should be established regionally, since these are essential components for decision making on the application of any control measures.

5.

Member States should ensure, in accordance with Article 14(2) of Directive 2009/128/EC, that professional users of plant protection products have at their disposal information and tools for monitoring Diabrotica.

6.

Member States should ensure that advisory services on integrated pest management, as provided for in Article 14(2) of Directive 2009/128/EC, provide also specific advice on Diabrotica control to all professional users of plant protection products. Member States should also establish appropriate incentives to encourage professional users to implement the crop or sector-specific guidelines referred to in point 2.

7.

Member States should ensure that all professional users of plant protection products have access to training concerning the sustainable control of Diabrotica. The provisions of this Recommendation should become part of the training ensured by the Member States pursuant to Article 5 of Directive 2009/128/EC.

8.

Member States should promote research and technological development on tools for the sustainable control of Diabrotica.