Regulation 8 of the Economic Commission for Europe of the United Nations (UN/ECE): Uniform provisions concerning the approval of motor vehicle headlamps emitting an asymmetrical passing beam or a driving beam or both and equipped with halogen filament lamps (H1, H2, H3, HB3, HB4, H7, H8, H9, HIR1, HIR2 and/or H11)

A. ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS

SCOPE(1)

This Regulation applies to motor vehicle headlamps which may incorporate lenses of glass or plastic material.

1. DEFINITIONS

For the purpose of this Regulation,

1.1. "Lens" means the outermost component of the headlamp (unit) which transmits light through the illuminating surface;

1.2. "Coating" means any product or products applied in one or more layers to the outer face of a lens;

1.3. "Headlamps of different types" are headlamps which differ in such essential respects as:

1.3.1. the trade name or mark;

1.3.2. the characteristics of the optical system;

1.3.3. the inclusion or elimination of components capable of altering the optical effects by reflection, refraction, absorption and/or deformation during operation. However, the fitting or elimination of filters designed solely to change the colour of the beam and not its light distribution shall not constitute a change in the type;

1.3.4. suitability for right-hand or left-hand traffic or for both traffic systems;

1.3.5. the kind of beam produced (passing beam, driving beam or both);

1.3.6. the holder intended to accommodate the filament lamp (or lamps) of one of the categories H1, H2, H3, HB3, HB4, H7, H8, H9, HIR1, HIR2 and/or H11(2)(3).

1.3.7. the materials constituting the lenses and coating, if any.

2. APPLICATION FOR APPROVAL OF A HEADLAMP(4)

2.1. The application for approval of a headlamp shall be submitted by the owner of the trade name or mark or by his duly accredited representative.

It shall specify:

2.1.1. whether the headlamp is intended to provide both a passing beam and driving beam or only one of these beams;

2.1.2. whether, if the headlamp is intended to provide a passing beam, it is designed for both left-hand and right-hand traffic or for either left-hand or right-hand traffic only;

2.1.2.1. if the headlamp is equipped with an adjustable reflector, the mounting position(s) of the headlamp in relation to the ground and the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle.

2.1.3. the colour of the beam emitted by the headlamp;

2.2. Every application shall be accompanied by:

2.2.1. drawings in triplicate in sufficient detail to permit identification of the type and representing a frontal view of the headlamp, with details of lens ribbing if any, and the cross-section; the drawings shall indicate the space reserved for the approval mark;

2.2.1.1. if the headlamp is equipped with an adjustable reflector, an indication of the mounting position(s) of the headlamp in relation to the ground and the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle, if the headlamp is for use in that (those) position(s) only;

2.2.2. a brief technical specification;

2.2.3. two samples of the type of headlamp;

2.2.4. for the test of plastic material of which the lenses are made:

2.2.4.1. thirteen lenses:

2.2.4.1.1. six of these lenses may be replaced by six samples of material at least 60 × 80 mm in size, having a flat or convex outer surface and a substantially flat area (radius of curvature not less than 300 mm) in the middle measuring at least 15 × 15 mm;

2.2.4.1.2. every such lens or sample of material shall be produced by the method to be used in mass production;

2.2.4.2. a reflector to which the lenses can be fitted in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

2.3. The materials making up the lenses and coatings, if any, shall be accompanied by the test report of the characteristics of these materials and coatings if they have already been tested.

2.4. The competent authority shall verify the existence of satisfactory arrangements for ensuring effective control of the conformity of production before type approval is granted.

3. MARKINGS(5)

3.1. Headlamps submitted for approval shall bear the trade name or mark of the applicant.

3.2. They shall comprise, on the lens and on the main body(6), spaces of sufficient size for the approval mark and the additional symbols referred to in paragraph 4; these spaces shall be indicated on the drawings referred to in paragraph 2.2.1 above.

3.3. Headlamps designed to satisfy the requirements of both right-hand and left-hand traffic shall bear markings indicating the two settings of the optical unit of the vehicle or of the filament lamp on the reflector; these markings shall consist of the letters "R/D" for the position for right-hand traffic and the letters "L/G" for the position for left-hand traffic.

4. APPROVAL

4.1. General

4.1.1. If all the samples of a type of headlamp submitted in pursuance of paragraph 2 above meet the requirements of this Regulation, approval shall be granted.

4.1.2. Where grouped, combined or reciprocally incorporated lamps satisfy the requirements of more than one Regulation, a single international approval mark may be affixed provided that each of the grouped, combined or reciprocally incorporated lamps satisfies the provisions applicable to it.

This requirement shall not apply to headlamps fitted with a two-filament bulb when a single beam is approved.

4.1.3. An approval number shall be assigned to each type approved. Its first two digits (at present 04) shall indicate the series of amendments incorporating the most recent major technical amendments made to the Regulation at the time of issue of the approval. The same Contracting Party shall not assign the same number to another type of headlamp covered by this Regulation, except if the approval is extended to a device which only differs from the already approved device by the colour of the light emitted.

4.1.4. Notice of approval or of extension or refusal or withdrawal of approval or production definitely discontinued of a type of headlamp pursuant to this Regulation shall be communicated to the Parties to the 1958 Agreement applying this Regulation by means of a form conforming to the model in annex 1 to this Regulation, with the indications according to paragraph 2.2.1.1.

4.1.4.1. If the headlamp is fitted with an adjustable reflector and if it is designed exclusively for use when installed in positions as described in paragraph 2.2.1.1, the applicant must, once approval has been obtained, correctly explain to the user what the proper position(s) for installation is (are).

4.1.5. In addition to the mark prescribed in paragraph 3.1 an approval mark as described in paragraphs 4.2 and 4.3 below shall be affixed in the spaces referred to in paragraph 3.2 above to every headlamp conforming to a type approved under this Regulation.

4.2. Composition of the approval mark

The approval mark shall consist of:

4.2.1. an international approval mark, comprising:

4.2.1.1. a circle surrounding the letter "E" followed by the distinguishing number of the country which has granted approval(7);

4.2.1.2. the approval number prescribed in paragraph 4.1.3 above.

4.2.2. The following additional symbol or symbols:

4.2.2.1. on headlamps meeting left-hand traffic requirements only, a horizontal arrow pointing to the right of an observer facing the headlamp, i.e. to the side of the road on which traffic moves;

4.2.2.2. on headlamps designed to meet the requirements of both traffic systems by means of an appropriate adjustment of the setting of the optical unit or the filament lamp, a horizontal arrow with a head at each end, the heads pointing respectively to the left and to the right;

4.2.2.3. on headlamps meeting the requirements of this Regulation in respect of the passing beam only, the letters "HC";

4.2.2.4. on headlamps meeting the requirements of this Regulation in respect of the driving beam only, the letters "HR";

4.2.2.5. on headlamps meeting the requirements of this Regulation in respect of both the passing beam and the driving beam, the letters "HCR";

4.2.2.6. on headlamps incorporating a lens of plastic material, the group of letters "PL" to be affixed near the symbols prescribed in paragraphs 4.2.2.3 to 4.2.2.5 above;

4.2.2.7. on headlamps meeting the requirements of this Regulation in respect of the driving beam, an indication of the maximum luminous intensity expressed by a reference mark as defined in paragraph 6.3.2.1.2 below, placed near the circle surrounding the letter "E";

in the case of reciprocally incorporated headlamps, indication of the maximum luminous intensity of the driving beams as a whole shall be expressed as above.

4.2.3. In every case the relevant operating mode used during the test procedure according to paragraph 1.1.1.1 of annex 5 and the allowed voltage(s) according to paragraph 1.1.1.2 of annex 5 shall be stipulated on the approval certificate and on the communication form transmitted to the countries which are Contracting Parties to the Agreement and which apply this Regulation.

In the corresponding cases the device shall be marked as follows:

4.2.3.1. on headlamps meeting the requirements of this Regulation which are so designed that the filament of the passing beam shall not be lit simultaneously with that of any other lighting function with which it may be reciprocally incorporated, an oblique stroke (/) shall be placed behind the passing lamp symbol in the approval mark.

4.2.3.2. on headlamps meeting the requirements of annex 5 to this Regulation only when supplied with a voltage of 6 V or 12 V, a symbol consisting of the number 24 crossed out by an oblique cross (X) shall be placed near the filament lamp holder.

4.2.4. The two digits of the approval number (at present 04) which indicate the series of amendments incorporating the most recent major technical amendments made to the Regulation at the time of issue of the approval and, if necessary, the required arrow may be marked close to the above additional symbols.

4.2.5. The marks and symbols referred to in paragraphs 4.2.1 and 4.2.2 shall be clearly legible and indelible even when the headlamp is mounted on the vehicle.

4.3. Arrangement of the approval mark

4.3.1. Independent lamps

Annex 3, figures 1-9, gives examples of arrangements of the approval marks with the above-mentioned additional symbols.

4.3.2. Grouped, combined or reciprocally incorporated lamps

4.3.2.1. Where grouped, combined or reciprocally incorporated lamps have been found to comply with the requirements of several Regulations, a single international approval mark may be affixed, consisting of a circle surrounding the letter "E" followed by the distinguishing number of the country which has granted the approval, and an approval number. This approval mark may be located anywhere on the grouped, combined or reciprocally incorporated lamps, provided that:

4.3.2.1.1. it is visible after their installation,

4.3.2.1.2. no part of the grouped, combined or reciprocally incorporated lamps that transmits light can be removed without at the same time removing the approval mark.

4.3.2.2. The identification symbol for each lamp appropriate to each Regulation under which approval has been granted, together with the corresponding series of amendments incorporating the most recent major technical amendments to the Regulations at the time of issue of the approval and, if necessary, the required arrow shall be marked:

4.3.2.2.1. either on the appropriate light-emitting surface,

4.3.2.2.2. or in a group, in such a way that each of the grouped, combined or reciprocally incorporated lamps may be clearly identified (see four examples shown in annex 3).

4.3.2.3. The size of the components of a single approval mark shall not be less than the minimum size required for the smallest of the individual marks under which approval has been granted.

4.3.2.4. An approval number shall be assigned to each type approved. The same Contracting Party may not assign the same number to another type of grouped, combined or reciprocally incorporated lamps covered by this Regulation.

4.3.2.5. Annex 3, figure 10, of this Regulation gives examples of arrangements of approval marks for grouped, combined or reciprocally incorporated lamps with all the above-mentioned additional symbols.

4.3.3. Lamps, the lens of which is used for different types of headlamps and which may be reciprocally incorporated or grouped with other lamps. The provisions laid down in paragraph 4.3.2 above are applicable.

4.3.3.1. In addition where the same lens is used, the latter may bear the different approval marks relating to the different types of headlamps or units of lamps, provided that the main body of the headlamp, even if it cannot be separated from the lens, also comprises the space described in paragraph 3.2 above and bears the approval marks of the actual functions. If different types of headlamps comprise the same main body, the latter may bear the different approval marks.

4.3.3.2. Annex 3, figure 11, of this Regulation gives examples of arrangements of approval marks corresponding to that case.

B. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR HEADLAMPS(8)

5. GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

5.1. Each sample shall conform to the specifications set forth in paragraphs 6 to 8 below.

5.2. Headlamps shall be so made as to retain their prescribed photometric characteristics and to remain in good working order when in normal use, in spite of the vibrations to which they may be subjected.

5.2.1. Headlamps shall be fitted with a device enabling them to be so adjusted on the vehicle as to comply with the rules applicable to them. Such a device need not be fitted on components in which the reflector and the lens cannot be separated provided the use of such components is confined to vehicles on which the headlamp setting can be adjusted by other means. Where a headlamp providing a driving beam and a headlamp providing a passing beam, each equipped with its own filament lamp, are assembled to form a composite unit, the adjusting device shall enable each optical system individually to be duly adjusted. However, this shall not apply to headlamp assemblies whose reflectors are indivisible. For this type of assembly, the requirements of paragraph 6 shall apply.

5.3. The components by which the filament lamp(s) is/are fixed to the reflector shall be so made that, even in darkness, the filament lamp(s) can be fixed in no other position but the correct one(9). The filament lamp-holder shall conform to the dimensional characteristics as given in the following data sheets of IEC Publication 61-2:

>TABLE>

5.4. Headlamps designed to satisfy the requirements of both right-hand and left-hand traffic may be adapted for traffic on a given side of the road either by an appropriate initial setting when fitted on the vehicle or by selective setting by the user.

Such initial or selective setting may consist, for example, of fixing either the optical unit at a given angle on the vehicle or the filament lamp at a given angle in relation to the optical unit. In all cases, only two precise setting positions, one for right-hand and one for left-hand traffic, shall be possible, and the design shall preclude inadvertent shifting of the headlamp from one position to the other or its setting in an intermediate position. Where two different setting positions are provided for the filament lamp, the components attaching the filament lamp to the reflector must be so designed and made that, in each of its two settings, the filament lamp will be held in position with the precision required for headlamps intended for traffic on only one side of the road. Conformity with the requirements of this paragraph shall be verified visually and, where necessary, by a test fitting.

5.5. On headlamps designed to provide alternately a driving beam and a passing beam, any mechanical, electro-mechanical or other device incorporated in the headlamp for switching from one beam to the other(10) must be so constructed that:

5.5.1. the device is strong enough to be worked 50000 times without suffering damage despite the vibration to which it may be subjected in normal use;

5.5.2. in the case of failure it is possible to obtain the passing beam automatically;

5.5.3. either the passing beam or the driving beam can always be obtained without any possibility of the mechanism stopping in between the two positions;

5.5.4. the user cannot, with ordinary tools, change the shape or position of the moving parts.

5.6. Complementary tests shall be done according to the requirements of annex 5 to ensure that in use there is no excessive change in photometric performance.

5.7. If the lens of the headlamp is of plastic material, tests shall be done according to the requirements of annex 6.

6. ILLUMINATION

6.1. General provisions

6.1.1. Headlamps shall be so made that with suitable H1, H2, H3, HB3, HB4, H7, H8, H9, HIR1, HIR2 and/or H11 filament lamps they provide adequate illumination without dazzle in the case of the passing beam and good illumination in the case of the driving beam.

6.1.2. The illumination produced by the headlamp shall be checked on a vertical screen set at a distance of 25 m in front of the headlamp and at right angles to its axis (see annex 4).

6.1.3. The headlamps shall be checked by means of (a) standard (reference) filament lamp(s) designed for a rated voltage of 12 V, any selective-yellow filters(11) being replaced by geometrically identical uncoloured filters with a transmission factor of at least 80 per cent. During the checking of the headlamp the voltage at the terminals of the filament lamp must be regulated so as to obtain the following characteristics:

>TABLE>

The headlamp shall be deemed satisfactory if the photometric requirements are met with at least one standard (reference) 12-volt filament lamp which may be supplied with the headlamp.

6.1.4. The dimensions determining the position of the filament inside the standard filament lamp are shown on the relevant data sheet of Regulation No 37.

6.1.5. The bulb of the standard filament lamp must be of such optical shape and quality that it does not cause any reflection or refraction adversely affecting the light distribution. Compliance with this requirement must be checked by measuring the light distribution obtained when a standard headlamp is fitted with the standard (reference) filament lamp.

6.2. Provisions regarding passing beams

6.2.1. The passing beam must produce a sufficiently sharp "cut-off" to permit satisfactory adjustment with its aid. The "cut-off" must be a horizontal straight line on the side opposite to the direction of traffic for which the headlamp is intended; on the other side it must extend neither beyond the broken line HV H1 H4 formed by a straight line HV H1 standing at an angle of 45° to the horizontal and a straight line H1 H4 lying 25 cm above the straight line hh, nor beyond the straight line HV H3, inclined at an angle of 15° above the horizontal (see annex 4). A "cut-off" extending beyond both line HV H2 and line H2 H4 and resulting from a combination of the above two possibilities shall in no circumstances be permitted.

6.2.2. The headlamp shall be so aimed that:

6.2.2.1. in the case of headlamps designed to meet the requirements of right-hand traffic, the "cut-off" on the left half of the screen(12) is horizontal and, in the case of headlamps designed to meet the requirements of left-hand traffic, the "cut-off" on the right half of the screen is horizontal;

6.2.2.2. this horizontal part of the "cut-off" is situated on the screen 25 cm below the line hh (see annex 4);

6.2.2.3. the "elbow" of the "cut-off" is on line vv(13).

6.2.3. When so aimed, the headlamp need, if its approval is sought solely for a passing beam,(14)comply only with the requirements referred to in paragraphs 6.2.5 to 6.2.7 below; if it is intended to provide both a passing beam and a driving beam it shall comply with the requirements referred to in paragraphs 6.2.5 to 6.2.7 and 6.3.

6.2.4. Where a headlamp so aimed does not meet the requirements referred to in paragraphs 6.2.5 to 6.2.7 and 6.3 its alignment may be changed, provided that the axis of the beam is not laterally displaced by more than 1° (= 44 cm) to the right or left(15). To facilitate alignment by means of the "cut-off", the headlamp may be partially occulted in order to sharpen the "cut-off".

6.2.5. The illumination produced on the screen by the passing beam shall meet the following requirements:

>TABLE>

6.2.6. There shall be no lateral variations detrimental to good visibility in any of the zones I, II, III and IV.

6.2.7. The illumination values in zones "A" and "B" as shown in figure C in annex 4 shall be checked by the measurement of the photometric values of points 1 to 8 on this figure; these values(16) shall lie within the following limits:

1 + 2 + 3 >= 0,3 lux, and

4 + 5 + 6 >= 0,6 lux, and

0,7 lux >= 7 >= 0,1 lux and

0,7 lux >= 8 >= 0,2 lux

These new values shall not be required for headlamps which have been approved before the application date of Supplement 4 to the 04 series of amendments to this Regulation (13 January 1993) nor to the extensions of such approvals.

6.2.8. Headlamps designed to meet the requirements of both right-hand and left-hand traffic must in each of the two setting positions of the optical unit or of the filament lamp, meet the requirements set forth above for the corresponding direction of traffic.

6.3. Provisions regarding driving beams

6.3.1. In case of a headlamp designed to provide a driving beam and a passing beam, measurements of the illumination produced on the screen by the driving beam shall be taken with the same headlamp alignment as for measurements under paragraphs 6.2.5 to 6.2.7 above; in the case of a headlamp providing a driving beam only, it shall be so adjusted that the area of maximum illumination is centred on the point of intersection of the lines hh and vv; such a headlamp need meet only the requirements referred to in paragraph 6.3.

6.3.2. The illumination produced on the screen by the driving beam shall meet the following requirements:

6.3.2.1. the point of intersection (HV) of the lines hh and vv shall be situated within the isolux representing 80 per cent of maximum illumination. This maximum value (EM) shall be not less than 48 lux. The maximum value shall in no case exceed 240 lux; moreover, in the case of a combined passing and driving headlamp, this maximum value shall not be more than 16 times the illumination measured for the passing beam at point 75 R (or 75 L).

6.3.2.1.1. the maximum luminous intensity (IM) of the driving beam expressed in thousands of candelas shall be calculated by means of the formula: IM = 0,625 EM

6.3.2.1.2. the reference mark (IM) indicating this maximum intensity and referred to in paragraph 4.2.2.7 above shall be obtained by means of the formula: I'M = IM/3 = 0,208 EM

this value shall be rounded to whichever is the nearest of the following: 7,5-10-12,5-17,5-20-25-27,5-30-37,5-40-45-50.

6.3.2.2. Starting from point HV, horizontally to the right and left the illumination shall be not less than 24 lux up to a distance of 1,125 m and not less than 6 lux up to a distance of 2,25 m.

6.4. In the case of headlamps with an adjustable reflector the requirements of paragraphs 6.2 and 6.3 are applicable for each mounting position indicated according to paragraph 2.1.3. For verification the following procedure shall be used:

6.4.1. each applied position is realised on the test goniometer with respect to a line joining the centre of the light source and point HV on the aiming screen. The adjustable reflector is then moved into such a position that the light pattern on the screen corresponds to the aiming prescriptions of paragraphs 6.2.1 to 6.2.2.3 and/or 6.3.1;

6.4.2. with the reflector initially fixed according to paragraph 6.4.1, the headlamp must meet the relevant photometric requirements of paragraphs 6.2 and 6.3;

6.4.3. additional tests are made after the reflector has been moved vertically +- 2 degrees or at least into the maximum position, if less than 2°, from its initial position by means of the headlamps adjusting device. Having re-aimed the headlamp as a whole (by means of the goniometer for example) in the corresponding opposite direction the light output in the following directions shall be controlled and lie within the required limits: passing beam:

points HV and 75R (75L respectively);

driving beam: IM and point HV (percentage of IM).

6.4.4. if the applicant has indicated more than one mounting positions, the procedure of paragraphs 6.4.1 to 6.4.3 shall be repeated for all the other positions;

6.4.5. if the applicant has not asked for special mounting positions, the headlamp shall be aimed for measurements of paragraphs 6.2 and 6.3 with the headlamps adjusting device in its mean position. The additional tests of paragraph 6.4.3 shall be made with the reflector moved into its extreme positions (instead of +- 2°) by means of the headlamps adjusting device.

6.5. The screen illumination values referred to in paragraphs 6.2.5 to 6.2.7 and 6.3 above shall be measured by means of a photoreceptor, the effective area of which shall be contained within a square of 65 mm side.

7. REQUIREMENTS CONCERNING COLOURED LENSES AND FILTERS

7.1. Approval may be obtained for headlamps emitting either white or selective-yellow light with a filament lamp. Expressed in CIE thrichromatic coordinates, the corresponding colorimetric characteristics are as follows:

Selective-yellow filter (screen or lens)

Limit towards red y >= 0,138 + 0,580 x

Limit towards green y <= 1,29 x - 0,100

Limit towards white y >= - x + 0,966

Limit towards spectral value y <= - x + 0,992

which can also be expressed as follows:

dominant wave-length: 575-585 nm purity factor: 0,90-0,98. The transmission factor must be >= 0,78 when determined by means of a source of light with a colour temperature of 2856 K(17).

7.2. The filter must be part of the headlamp, and must be attached to it in such a way that the user cannot remove it either inadvertently or, with ordinary tools, intentionally.

8. GAUGING DISCOMFORT

The discomfort caused by the passing beam of headlamps shall be gauged(18).

9. STANDARD HEADLAMP(19)

A headlamp shall be deemed to be a standard (reference) headlamp if it

9.1. satisfies the above-mentioned requirements for approval;

9.2. has an effective diameter of not less than 160 mm;

9.3. provides with a standard filament lamp, at the various points and in the various zones referred to in paragraph 6.2.5, illumination equal to:

9.3.1. not more than 90 per cent of the maximum limits and

9.3.2. not less than 120 per cent of the minimum limits prescribed in the table in paragraph 6.2.5.

10. OBSERVATION CONCERNING COLOUR

Since any approval under this Regulation is granted, pursuant to paragraph 7.1 above, to a type of headlamp emitting either white light or selective-yellow light, article 3 of the Agreement to which the Regulation is annexed shall not prevent the Contracting Parties from prohibiting headlamps emitting a beam of white or selective-yellow light on vehicles registered by them.

C. FURTHER ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS

11. MODIFICATION AND EXTENSION OF APPROVAL OF A TYPE OF HEADLAMP

11.1. Every modification of the headlamp type shall be notified to the administrative department which approved the type of headlamp. The department may then either:

11.1.1. consider that the modifications made are unlikely to have an appreciable adverse effect and that in any case the headlamp still complies with the requirements; or

11.1.2. require a further test report from the technical service responsible for conducting the tests.

11.2. Confirmation or refusal of approval, specifying the alterations, shall be communicated by the procedure specified in paragraph 4.1.4 above to the Parties to the Agreement applying this Regulation.

11.3. The competent authority issuing the extension of approval shall assign a series number for such an extension and inform thereof the other Parties to the 1958 Agreement applying this Regulation by means of a communication form conforming to the model in annex 1 to this Regulation.

12. CONFORMITY OF PRODUCTION

12.1. Headlamps approved under this Regulation shall be so manufactured as to conform to the type approved by meeting the requirements set forth in paragraphs 6 and 7.

12.2. In order to verify that the requirements of paragraph 12.1 are met, suitable controls of the production shall be carried out.

12.3. The holder of the approval shall in particular:

12.3.1. ensure the existence of procedures for the effective control of the quality of products;

12.3.2. have access to the control equipment necessary for checking the conformity to each approved type;

12.3.3. ensure that data of test results are recorded and that related documents shall remain available for a period to be determined in accordance with the administrative service;

12.3.4. analyse the results of each type of test in order to verify and ensure the stability of the product characteristics, making allowance for variation of an industrial production;

12.3.5. ensure that for each type of product at least the tests prescribed in annex 2 to this Regulation are carried out;

12.3.6. Ensure that any collecting of samples giving evidence of non conformity with the type of test considered shall give rise to another sampling and another test. All the necessary steps shall be taken to re-establish the conformity of the corresponding production.

12.4. The competent authority which has granted type approval may at any time verify the conformity control methods applicable to each production unit.

12.4.1. In every inspection, the test books and production survey records shall be presented to the visiting inspector.

12.4.2. The inspector may take samples at random to be tested in the manufacturer's laboratory.

The minimum number of samples may be determined in the light of the results of the manufacturer's own checks.

12.4.3. When the quality level appears unsatisfactory or when it seems necessary to verify the validity of the tests carried out in the application of paragraph 12.4.2 above, the inspector shall select samples, to be sent to the technical service which has conducted the type approval tests, using the criteria of annex 7.

12.4.4. The competent authority may carry out any test prescribed in this Regulation. These tests will be on samples selected at random without causing distortion of the manufacturer's delivery commitments and in accordance with the criteria of annex 7.

12.4.5. The competent authority shall strive to obtain a frequency of inspection of once every two years, However, this is at the discretion of the competent authority and their confidence in arrangements for ensuring effective control of the conformity production. In the case where negative results are recorded, competent authority shall ensure that all necessary steps are taken to re-establish the conformity of production as rapidly possible.

12.5. Headlamps with apparent defects are disregarded.

12.6. The reference mark is disregarded.

13. PENALTIES FOR NON-CONFORMITY OF PRODUCTION MODELS

13.1. Approval issued under this Regulation for a type of headlamp may be withdrawn if the instructions are not observed or if a headlamp bearing the mark of approval does not conform to the type approved.

13.2. If contracting parties to the Agreement applying this Regulation withdraw authorisation they had previously granted, they must immediately inform the other contracting parties applying this Regulation, using a communication sheet as shown in Annex 1 to this Regulation.

14. DEFINITIVE DISCONTINUATION OF PRODUCTION

If holders of a type-approval definitely stop producing headlamps of a type approved in accordance with this Regulation, they must inform the authority that granted the approval, which must in turn notify the other parties to the 1958 Agreement applying this Regulation, using a communication sheet as shown in Annex 1 to this Regulation.

15. NAMES AND ADDRESSES OF THE TECHNICAL DEPARTMENTS RESPONSIBLE FOR APPROVAL TESTING AND OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE DEPARTMENTS

The parties to the 1958 Agreement applying this Regulation must supply the Secretariat of the United Nations Organisation with the names and addresses of the technical departments responsible for approval testing and of the administrative departments that grant approval and that must be sent documents concerning the granting, extension, rejection or withdrawal of approval and definitive discontinuation of production issued in other countries.

(1) Nothing in this Regulation shall prevent a Party to the Agreement applying this Regulation from prohibiting the combination of a headlamp incorporating a lens of plastic material approved under this Regulation with a mechanical headlamp-cleaning device (with wipers).

(2) "Type of lamp" ("lamp type") should not be confused with "category of lamp" ("lamp category"). This Regulation concerns headlamps using halogen filament lamps of categories H 1, H 2, H 3, HB 3, HB 4, H 7, H 8, H 9, HIR 1, HIR 2 and/or H 11. These categories of filament lamps differ essentially in their design and, more particularly, in the cap. They are not interchangeable, but within one filament lamp category there may normally be several types.

(3) HIR 1, and/or H 9 lamp shall only be permitted to produce passing beam in conjunction with the installation of headlamp cleaning device(s) conforming to Regulation No 45. In addition, with respect to vertical inclination, the provision of paragraph 6.2.6.2.2 of regulation No 48, 01 series of amendments, shall not be applied when these headlamps are installed. This restriction shall apply as long as there was no general agreement on use of levelling devices and headlamps cleaners with respect to the level of the performance of the headlamp.

(4) Application for approval of a filament lamp: see Regulation No 37.

(5) In the case of headlamps designed to meet the requirements of traffic moving on one side of the road only (either right or left), it is further recommended that the area which can be occulted to prevent discomfort to users in a country where traffic moves on the side of the road opposite to that of the country for which the headlamp was designed should be outlined indelibly on the front lens. This marking is not necessary, however, where the area is clearly apparent from the design.

(6) If the lens cannot be detached from the main body of the headlamp a space on the lens shall be sufficient.

(7) 1 for Germany, 2 for France, 3 for Italy, 4 for the Netherlands, 5 for Sweden, 6 for Belgium, 7 for Hungary, 8 for the Czech Republic and Slovak Federal Republic, 9 for Spain, 10 for Yugoslavia, 11 for the United Kingdom, 12 for Austria, 13 for Luxembourg, 14 for Switzerland, 15 vacant, 16 for Norway, 17 for Finland, 18 for Denmark, 19 for Romania, 20 for Poland, 21 for Portugal and 22 for the Russian Federation, 23 for Greece, 24 for Ireland, 25 (vacant), 26 for Slovenia and 27 for Slovakia, 28 for Belarus, 29 for Estonia, 30 (vacant), 31 for Bosnia and Herzegovina, 32 for Latvia, 33-36 (vacant), 37 for Turkey, 38-39 (vacant), 40 for the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, 41 (vacant), 42 for European Community (Approvals are granted by its Member States using their respective ECE symbol) and 43 for the Japon. Subsequent numbers will be assigned to other countries in the chronological order in which they ratify or accede to the Agreement concerning the Adoption of Uniform Technical Conditions for Wheeled, Equipments and parts which can be fitted and/ or be used on wheeled vehicle and the conditions for Reciprocal Recognition of Approvals Granted on the basis of these prescriptions, and the numbers thus assigned shall be communicated by the Secretary-General of the United Nations to the Contracting Parties to the Agreement.

(8) Technical requirements for filament lamps: see Regulation No 37.

(9) A headlamp is regarded as satisfying the requirements of this paragraph if the filament lamp can easily be fitted into the headlamp and the positioning lugs can be correctly fitted into their slots even in darkness.

(10) These provisions shall not apply to the control switch.

(11) These filters shall consist of all the components, including the lens, which are intended to colour the light.

(12) The test screen must be sufficiently wide to allow examination of the "cut-off" over a range of at least 5° each side of the line vv.

(13) If, in the case of a headlamp designed to satisfy the requirements of this Regulation with respect to the passing beam only, the focal axis diverges appreciably from the general direction of the beam, or if, whatever the type of headlamp (passing only or combined passing and driving), the beam does not have a "cut-off" with a clear "elbow", the lateral adjustment shall be affected in the manner which best satisfies the requirements for illumination at points 75 R and 50 R for right-hand traffic and at points 75 L and 50 L for left-hand traffic.

(14) A headlamp designed to emit a passing beam may incorporate a driving beam not complying with this specification.

(15) The limit of re-alignment of 1° towards the right or left is not incompatible with upward or downward vertical re-alignment. The latter is limited only by the requirements of paragraph 6.3; however, the horizontal part of the "cut-off" should not extend beyond the line hh (the provisions of paragraph 6. 3. are not applicable to headlamps intended to meet the requirements of this Regulation for the passing beam only).

(16) Illumination values in any point of zones A and B, which also lies within zone III, shall not exceed 0,7 lux.

(17) Corresponding to illuminant A of the international Commission on illumination (CIE).

(18) This requirement will be the subject of a recommendation for the benefit of administrations.

(19) Different values may be accepted provisionally. In the absence of final specifications, the use of an approved headlamp is recommended.

ANNEX 1

Communication concerning the approval (or extension or communication)

[maximum format: A4 (210 × 297)]

>PIC FILE= "L_2001131EN.013603.EPS">

(1)

issued by: Name of Administration:

...

...

...

concerning(2): APPROVAL GRANTED

APPROVAL EXTENDED

APPROVAL REFUSED

APPROVAL WITHDRAWN

PRODUCTION DEFINITELY DISCONTINUED

of a type of headlamp pursuant to Regulation No 8

Approval No: ... Extension No: ...

1. Trade name or mark of headlamp: ...

2. Manufacturer's name for the type of headlamp: ...

3. Manufacturer's name and address: ...

4. If applicable, name and address of the manufacturer's representative: ...

5. Submitted for approval on: ...

6. Technical Service responsible for conducting approval tests: ...

7. Date of report; issued by that service: ...

8. Number of report; issued by that service: ...

9. Brief description: ...

Category as described by the relevant marking(3): ...

Number and category(ies) of filament lamp or lamps: ...

Colour of light emitted: white/selective/yellow(4): ...

10. Position of the approval mark: ...

11. Reason(s) for extension (if applicable): ...

12. Approval granted/extended/refused/withdrawn(5):

13. Place: ...

14. Date: ...

15. Signature: ...

16. The list of documents deposited with the Administrative Service which has granted approval is annexed to this communication and may be obtained on request.

(1) Distinguishing number of the country which has granted/ extended/ refused/ withdrawn approval ( see approval provisions in the Regulations).

(2) Strike out what does not apply.

(3) Indicate the appropriate marking selected from the list below:

>PIC FILE= "L_2001131EN.013701.EPS">

(4) Strike out what does not apply.

(5) Strike out what does not apply.

ANNEX 2

Verification of conformity of production of headlamps equipped with H1, H2, H3, HB3, HB4, H7, H8, H9, HIR1, HIR2 and/or H11 filament lamps

1. GENERAL

1.1. The conformity requirements shall be considered satisfied from a mechanical and geometric standpoint, if the differences do no exceed inevitable manufacturing deviations within the requirements of this Regulation.

1.2. With respect to photometric performances, the conformity of mass produced headlamps shall not be contested if, when testing photometric performances of any headlamp chosen at random and equipped with a standard filament lamp:

1.2.1. no measured value deviates unfavourably by more than 20 per cent from the values prescribed in this Regulation. For values B 50 L (or R) and zone III, the maximum unfavourable deviation may be respectively:

B 50 L (or R): 0,2 lx equivalent 20 per cent

0,3 lx equivalent 30 per cent

Zone III: 0,3 lx equivalent 20 per cent

0,45 lx equivalent 30 per cent

1.2.2. or if

1.2.2.1. for the passing beam, the values prescribed in this Regulation are met at HV (with a tolerance of +- 0,2 lx) and related to that aiming at least one point of each area delimited on the measuring screen (at 25 m) by a circle 15 cm in radius around points B 50 L (or R)(1) (with a tolerance of +- 0,1 lx), 75 R (or L), 50 v, 25 R, 25 L, and in the entire area of zone IV which is not more than 22,5 cm above line 25 R and 25 L;

1.2.2.2. and if, for the driving beam, HV being situated within the isolux 0,75 Emax a tolerance of +20 per cent for maximum values and -20 per cent for minimum values is observed for the photometric values at any measuring point specified in paragraph 6.3.2 of this Regulation.

1.2.3. If the results of the tests described above do not meet the requirements, the alignment of the headlamp may be changed, provided that the axis of the beam is not displaced laterally by more than 1° to the right or left(2).

1.2.4. If the results of the tests described above do not meet the requirements, tests on the headlamps shall be repeated using another standard filament lamp.

1.3. With respect to the verification of the change in vertical position of the cut-off line under the influence of heat, the following procedure shall be applied:

One of the sampled headlamps shall be tested according to the procedure described in paragraph 2.1 of annex 5 after being subjected three consecutive times to the cycle described in paragraph 2.2.2 of annex 5.

The headlamp shall be considered as acceptable if Δr does not exceed 1,5 mrad.

If this value exceeds 1,5 mrad but is not more than 2,0 mrad, second headlamp shall be subjected to the test after which the mean of the absolute values recorded on both samples shall not exceed 1,5 mrad.

1.4. The chromaticity coordinates shall be complied with when the headlamp is equipped with a filament lamp set to Standard A colour temperature.

The photometric performance of a headlamp emitting selective yellow light when equipped with a colourless filament lamp shall be the values contained in this Regulation multiplied by 0,84.

2. MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR VERIFICATION OF CONFORMITY BY THEMANUFACTURER

For each type of headlamp the holder of the approval mark shall carry out at least the following tests, at appropriate intervals. The tests shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of this Regulation.

If any sampling shows non-conformity with regard to the type of test concerned, further samples shall be taken and tested. The manufacturer shall take steps to ensure the conformity of the production concerned.

2.1. Nature of tests

Tests of conformity in this Regulation shall cover the photometric characteristics and the verification of the change in vertical position of the cut-off line under the influence of heat.

2.2. Methods used in tests

2.2.1. Tests shall generally be carried out in accordance with the methods set out in this Regulation.

2.2.2. In any test of conformity carried out by the manufacturer, equivalent methods may be used with the consent of the competent authority responsible for approval tests. The manufacturer is responsible for proving that the applied methods are equivalent to those laid down in this Regulation.

2.2.3. The application of paragraphs 2.2.1 and 2.2.2 requires regular calibration of test apparatus and its correlation with measurements made by a competent authority.

2.2.4. In all cases the reference methods shall be those of this Regulation, particularly for the purpose of administrative verification and sampling.

2.3. Nature of sampling

Samples of headlamps shall be selected at random from the production of a uniform batch. A uniform batch means a set of headlamps of the same type, defined according to the production methods of the manufacturer.

The assessment shall in general cover series production from individual factories. However, a manufacturer may group to get her records concerning the same type from several factories, provided these operate under the same quality system and quality management.

2.4. Measured and recorded chotometric characteristics

The sampled headlamp shall be subjected to photometric measurements at the points provided for in the Regulation, there ading being limited to points EmaX HV(3), HL, HR(4) in the case of the driving beam, and to points B 50 L (or R), HV, 50 V,75 R (or L) and 25 L (or R) in the case of the passing beam (see figure in annex 4).

2.5. Criteria governing acceptability

The manufacturer is responsible for carrying out a statistical study of the test results and for defining, in agreement with the competent authority, criteria governing the acceptability of his products in order to meet the specifications laid down for verification of conformity of products in paragraph 12.1 of this Regulation.

The criteria governing the acceptability shall be such that, with a confidence level of 95 per cent, the minimum probability of passing a spot check in accordance with annex 7 (first sampling) would be 0,95.

(1) Letters in brackets refer to headlamps intended for left-hand traffic.

(2) See the corresponding footnote in the text of the Regulation.

(3) Letters in brackets refer to headlamps intended for left-hand traffic.

(4) See the corresponding footnote in the text of the Regulation.

ANNEX 3

Examples of arrangements of approval marks

Figure 1

>PIC FILE= "L_2001131EN.014102.EPS">

The device bearing the approval mark shown above is a headlamp approved in the Netherlands (E4), under approval number 2439, meeting the requirements of this Regulation, as amended by the 04 series of amendments (04), in respect of both the passing beam and the driving beam (HCR) and is designed for right-hand traffic only.

The number 30 indicates that the maximum luminous intensity of the driving beam is between 86250 and 111250 candelas.

Note:

The approval number and additional symbols must be placed close to the circle and either above or below the letter "E" or to left or right of that letter. The digits of the approval number must be on the same side of the "E" and face in the same direction. The use of Roman numerals as approval numbers should be avoided so as to prevent any confusion with other symbols.

Figure 2

>PIC FILE= "L_2001131EN.014103.EPS">

Figure 3 a

>PIC FILE= "L_2001131EN.014201.EPS">

Figure 3b

>PIC FILE= "L_2001131EN.014202.EPS">

The headlamp bearing the above approval mark meets the requirements of this Regulation in respect of both the passing beam and the driving beam and is designed:

- For left-hand traffic only.

- For both traffic systems by means of an appropriate adjustment of the setting of the optical unit or the filament lamp on the vehicle.

Figure 4

>PIC FILE= "L_2001131EN.014203.EPS">

Figure 5

>PIC FILE= "L_2001131EN.014301.EPS">

The headlamp bearing the above approval mark is a headlamp incorporating the lens of plastic material meeting the requirements of this Regulation in respect of the passing beam only and is designed:

- For both traffic systems.

- For right-hand traffic only.

Figure 6

>PIC FILE= "L_2001131EN.014302.EPS">

Figure 7

>PIC FILE= "L_2001131EN.014303.EPS">

The headlamp bearing the above approval mark is a headlamp meeting the requirements of this Regulation:

- In respect of the passing beam only and is designed for left-hand traffic only.

- In respect of the driving beam only.

Figure 8

>PIC FILE= "L_2001131EN.014401.EPS">

Figure 9

>PIC FILE= "L_2001131EN.014402.EPS">

Identification of a headlamp incorporating the lens of plastic material meeting the requirements of Regulation No. 8.

- With respect to both the passing beam and the driving beam designed for the right-hand traffic only.

- With respect to the passing beam only and designed for right-hand traffic only.

The passing lamp filament shall not be lit simultaneously with the driving lamp filament and/or another reciprocally incorporated headlamp. Simplified marking for grouped, combined or reciprocally incorporated lamps.

Figure 10

(The vertical and horizontal lines schematise the shape of the light-signalling device. They are part of the approval mark.)

>PIC FILE= "L_2001131EN.014501.EPS">

Note:

The four examples above correspond to a lighting device bearing an approval mark comprising:

- A front position lamp approved in accordance with the 01 series of amendments to Regulation No 7,

- A headlamp with a passing beam designed for right- and left-hand traffic and a driving beam with a maximum intensity comprised between 86250 and 111250 candelas (as indicated by the number 30), approved in accordance with the 04 series of amendments to Regulation No 8 and incorporating a lens of plastic material,

- A front fog lamp approved in accordance with the 02 series of amendments to Regulation No 19 and incorporating a lens of plastic material,

- A front direction indicator lamp of category 1a approved in accordance with the 02 series of amendments to Regulation No 6.

Figure 11

Lamp reciprocally incorporated with a headlamp

Example 1

>PIC FILE= "L_2001131EN.014601.EPS">

The above example corresponds to the marking of a lens of plastic material intended to be used in different types of headlamps, namely:

Either A headlamp with a passing beam designed for both traffic systems and a driving beam with a maximum luminous intensity comprised between 86250 and 111250 candelas (as indicated by the number 30), approved in Germany (E1) in accordance with the requirements of Regulation No 8 as amended by the 04 series of amendments,

which is reciprocally incorporated with

A front position lamp approved in accordance with the 01 series of amendments to Regulation No 7;

Or A headlamp with a passing beam designed for both traffic systems and a driving beam, approved in Germany (E1) in accordance with the requirements of Regulation No 1 as amended by the 01 series of amendments,

which is reciprocally incorporated with

The same front position lamp as above;

Or even either of the above-mentioned headlamps approved as a single lamp.

The main body of the headlamp shall bear the only valid approval number, for instance:

>PIC FILE= "L_2001131EN.014602.EPS">

Example 2

>PIC FILE= "L_2001131EN.014701.EPS">

The above example corresponds to the marking of a lens of plastic material used in a unit of two headlamps approved in France (E2) under approval number 81151, consisting of:

A headlamp emitting a passing beam designed for both traffic systems and a driving beam with a maximum luminous intensity between x and y candelas, meeting the requirements of Regulation No 8, and

A headlamp emitting a driving beam for both traffic systems with a maximum luminous intensity comprised between w and z candelas, meeting the requirements of Regulation No 20, the maximum luminous intensity of the driving beams as a whole being comprised between 86250 and 111250 candelas.

ANNEX 4

Measuring screen

A. Headlamp for right-hand traffic

(dimensions in mm)

Standard European Beam

>PIC FILE= "L_2001131EN.014802.EPS">

B. Headlamp for left-hand traffic

(dimensions in mm)

Standard European Beam

>PIC FILE= "L_2001131EN.014803.EPS">

Figure C

>PIC FILE= "L_2001131EN.014901.EPS">

Note:

Figure C shows the measuring points for right-hand traffic.

Points 7 and 8 move to their corresponding location at the right-hand side of the picture for left-hand traffic.

ANNEX 5

Tests for stability of photometric performance of headlamps in operation

TESTS ON COMPLETE HEADLAMPS

Once the photometric values have been measured according to the requirements of this Regulation, in points for E max for driving beam and HV, 50 R, B 50 L for passing beam (or HV, 50 L, B 50 R for headlamps designed for left-hand traffic) a complete headlamp sample shall be tested for stability of photometric performance in operation. "Complete headlamp" shall be understood to mean the complete lamp itself including those surrounding body parts and lamps which could influence its thermal dissipation.

1. TEST OF STABILITY OF PHOTOMETRIC PERFORMANCE

The tests shall be carried out in a dry and still atmosphere at an ambient temperature of 23 °C +- 5 °C, the complete headlamp being mounted on a base representing the correct installation on the vehicle.

1.1. Clean Headlamp

The headlamp shall be operated for 12 hours as described in subparagraph 1.1.1 and checked as prescribed in subparagraph 1.1.2

1.1.1. Test procedure

The headlamp shall be operated for a period according to the specified time, so that:

1.1.1.1. (a) in the case where only one lighting function (driving or passing beam) is to be approved, the corresponding filament is lit for the prescribed time(1),

(b) in the case of a reciprocally incorporated passing lamp and driving lamp (dual filament lamp or two filament lamps): If the applicant declares that the headlamp is to be used with a single filament lit(2), the test shall be carried out in accordance with this condition, activating(3) each specified function successively for half the time specified in paragraph 1.1, In all other cases(4)(5) the headlamp shall be subjected to the following cycle until the time specified is reached:

15 minutes, passing-beam filament lit

5 minutes, all filaments lit

(c) in the case of grouped lighting functions all the individual functions shall be lit simultaneously for the time specified for individual lighting functions (a) also taking into account the use of reciprocally incorporated lighting functions (b), according to the manufacturer's specifications.

1.1.1.2. Test voltage

The voltage shall be adjusted so as to supply 90 per cent of the maximum wattage specified in the Regulation for filament lamps. (Regulation No 37). The applied wattage shall in all cases comply with the corresponding value of a filament lamp 12 V rated voltage, except if the applicant for approval specifies that the headlamp may be used at a different voltage. In the latter case, the test shall be carried out with the filament lamp whose wattage is the highest that can be used.

1.1.2. Test results

1.1.2.1. Visual inspection

Once the headlamp has been stabilised to the ambient temperature, the headlamp lens and the external lens, if any, shall be cleaned with a clean, damp cotton cloth. It shall then be inspected visually, no distortion, deformation, cracking or change in colour of either the headlamp lens or the external lens, if any, shall be noticeable.

1.1.2.2. Photometric test

To comply with the requirements of this Regulation, the photometric values shall be verified in the following points:

Passing-beam:

50 R - B 50 L - HV for headlamps designed for right-hand traffic,

50 L - B 50 R - HV for headlamps designed for left-hand traffic.

Driving beam:

Point of E max

Another aiming may be carried out to allow for any deformation of the headlamp base due to heat (the change of the position of the cut-off line is covered in paragraph 2 of this annex. A 10 per cent discrepancy between the photometric characteristics and the values measured prior to the test is permissible including the tolerances of the photometric procedure.

1.2. Dirty headlamp

After being tested as specified in subparagraph 1.1 above, the headlamp shall be operated for one hour as described in subparagraph 1.1.1, after being prepared as prescribed in subparagraph 1.2.1, and checked as prescribed in subparagraph 1.1.2.

1.2.1. Preparation of the headlamp

1.2.1.1. Test mixture

1.2.1.1.1. For headlamp with the outside lens in glass:

The mixture of water and a polluting agent to be applied to the headlamp shall be composed of: 9 parts by weight of silica sand with a particle size of 0-100 µm, 1 part by weight of vegetal carbon dust (beechwood) with a particle size of 0-100 µm, 0,2 parts by weight of NaCMC(6), and an appropriate quantity of distilled water, with a conductivity of <= 1 mS/m.

The mixture must not be more than 14 days old.

1.2.1.1.2. For headlamp with outside lens in plastic material:

The mixture of water and polluting agent to be applied to the headlamp shall be composed of:

9 parts by weight of silica sand with a particle size of 0-100 µm,

1 part by weight of vegetal carbon dust (beechwood) with particle size of 0-100 µm,

0,2 part by weight of NaCMC(7)

13 parts by weight of distilled water with a conductivity of <= 1 mS/m, and

2 +- 1 parts by weight of surface-actant(8)

The mixture must not be more than 14 days old.

1.2.1.2. Application of the test mixture to the headlamp

The test mixture shall be uniformly applied to the entire light emitting surface of the headlamp and then left to dry. This procedure shall be repeated until the illuminating value has dropped to 15-20 per cent of the values measured for each following point under the conditions described in paragraph 1 above:

Emax in driving beam for a driving/passing lamp,

Emax in driving beam for a driving lamp only,

50 R and 50 V(9) for a passing lamp only, designed for right-hand traffic,

50 L and 50 V(10) for a passing lamp only, designed for left-hand traffic.

1.2.1.3. Measuring equipment

The measuring equipment shall be equivalent to that used during headlamp approval tests. A standard (reference) filament lamp shall be used for the photometric verification.

2. TEST FOR CHANGE IN VERTICAL POSITION OF THE CUT-OFF LINE UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF HEAT

This test consists of verifying that the vertical drift of the cut-off line under the influence of heat does not exceed a specified value for an operating passing lamp. The headlamp tested in accordance with paragraph 1 shall be subjected to the test described in paragraph 2.1 without being removed from or readjusted in relation to its test fixture.

2.1. Test

The test shall be carried out in a dry and still atmosphere at an ambient temperature of 23 °C +- 5 °C.

Using a mass production filament lamp which has been aged for at least one hour the headlamp shall be operated on passing beam without being dismounted from or readjusted in relation to its test fixture. (For the purpose of this test, the voltage shall be adjusted as specified in paragraph 1.1.1.2) The position of the cut-off line in its horizontal part (between vv and the vertical line passing through point B 50 R for left-hand traffic or B 50 L for right-hand traffic) shall be verified 3 minutes (r3) and 60 minutes (r60) respectively after operation.

The measurement of the variation in the cut-off line position as described above shall be carried out by any method giving acceptable accuracy and reproducible results.

2.2. Test results

2.2.1. The result expressed in milliradians (mrad) shall be considered as acceptable when the absolute value Ä rI = | r3 - r60 | recorded on the headlamp is not more than 1,0 mrad (Ä rI <= 1,0 mrad).

2.2.2. However, if this value is more than 1,0 mrad but not more than 1,5 mrad (1,0 mrad < Är1 <= 1,5 mrad) a second headlamp shall be tested as described in paragraph 2.1 after being subjected three consecutive times to the cycle as described below, in order to stabilise the position of mechanical parts of the headlamp on a base representative of the correct installation on the vehicle:

Operation of the passing lamp for one hour (the voltage shall be adjusted as specified in paragraph 1.1.1.2).

Period of rest for one hour.

The headlamp type shall be considered as acceptable if the mean value of the absolute values Ä rI measured on the first sample and Ä rII measured on the second sample is not more than 1,0 mrad.

>REFERENCE TO A GRAPHIC>

(1) When the tested headlamp is grouped and/ or reciprocally incorporated with signalling lamps, the latter shall be lit for the duration of the test. In the case of a direction indicator lamp, it shall be lit in flashing operation mode with an on/off time ratio of approximately one to one.

(2) Should two or more lamp filaments be simultaneously lit when headlamp flashing is used, this shall not be considered as being normal use of the filaments simultaneously.

(3) When the tested headlamp is grouped and/ or reciprocally incorporated with signalling lamps, the latter shall be lit for the duration of the test. In the case of a direction indicator lamp, it shall be lit in flashing operation mode with an on/off time ratio of approximately one to one.

(4) When the tested headlamp is grouped and/ or reciprocally incorporated with signalling lamps, the latter shall be lit for the duration of the test. In the case of a direction indicator lamp, it shall be lit in flashing operation mode with an on/off time ratio of approximately one to one.

(5) Should two or more lamp filaments be simultaneously lit when headlamp flashing is used, this shall not be considered as being normal use of the filaments simultaneously.

(6) NaCMC represents the sodium saly of carboxymethylcellulose, customarily referred to as CMC. The NaCMC used in the dirt mixture shall have a degree of substitution ( DS) of 0, 6-0, 7 and a viscosity of 200-300 cP for a 2 per cent solution at 20 °C.

(7) NaCMC represents the sodium saly of carboxymethylcellulose, customarily referred to as CMC. The NaCMC used in the dirt mixture shall have a degree of substitution ( DS) of 0, 6-0, 7 and a viscosity of 200-300 cP for a 2 per cent solution at 20 °C.

(8) The tolerance on quantity is due to the necessity of obtaining a dirt that correctly spreads out on all the plastic lens.

(9) 50 V is situated 375 mm below HV on the vertical line v-v on the screen at 25 m distance.

(10) 50 V is situated 375 mm below HV on the vertical line v-v on the screen at 25 m distance.

ANNEX 6

Requirements for lamps incorporating lenses of plastic material - testing of lens or material samples and of complete lamps

1. GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

1.1. The samples supplied pursuant to paragraph 2.2.4 of this Regulation shall satisfy the specifications indicated in paragraphs 2.1 to 2.5 below.

1.2. The two samples of complete lamps supplied pursuant to paragraph 2.2.3 of this Regulation and incorporating lenses of plastic material shall, with regard to the lens material, satisfy the specifications indicated in paragraph 2.6 below.

1.3. The samples of lenses of plastic material or samples of material shall be subjected, with the reflector to which they are intended to be fitted (where applicable), to approval tests in the chronological order indicated in table A reproduced in appendix 1 to this annex.

1.4. However, if the lamp manufacturer can prove that the product has already passed the tests prescribed in paragraphs 2.1-2.5 below, or the equivalent tests pursuant to another Regulation, those tests need not be repeated; only the tests prescribed in appendix 1, table B, shall be mandatory.

2. TESTS

2.1. Resistance to temperature changes

2.1.1. Tests

Three new samples (lenses) shall be subjected to five cycles of temperature and humidity (RH = relative humidity) change in accordance with the following programme:

- 3 hours at 40 °C +- 2 °C and 85-95 per cent RH;

- 1 hour at 23 °C +- 5 °C and 60-75 per cent RH;

- 15 hours at -30 °C +- 2 °C;

- 1 hour at 23 °C +- 5 °C and 60-75 per cent RH;

- 3 hours at 80 °C +- 2 °C;

- 1 hour at 23 °C +- 5 °C and 60-75 per cent RH;

Before this test, the samples shall be kept at 23 °C +- 5 °C and 60-75 per cent RH for at least four hours.

Note:

The periods of one hour at 23 °C +- 5 °C shall include the periods of transition from one temperature to another which are needed in order to avoid thermal shock effects.

2.1.2. Photometric measurements

2.1.2.1. Method

Photometric measurements shall be carried out on the samples before and after the test.

These measurements shall be made using a standard lamp, at the following points:

- B 50 L and 50 R for the passing beam of a passing lamp or a passing/driving lamp (B 50 R and 50 L in the case of headlamps intended for left-hand traffic);

- E max route for the driving beam of a driving lamp or a passing/driving lamp;

2.1.2.2. Results

The variation between the photometric values measured on each sample before and after the test shall not exceed 10 per cent including the tolerances of the photometric procedure.

2.2. Resistance to atmospheric and chemical agents

2.2.1. Resistance to atmospheric agents

Three new samples (lenses or samples of material) shall be exposed to radiation from a source having a spectral energy distribution similar to that of a black body at a temperature between 5500K and 6000 K. Appropriate filters shall be placed between the source and the samples so as to reduce as far as possible radiations with wave lengths smaller than 295 nm and greater than 2500 nm. The samples shall be exposed to an energetic illumination of 1200 W/m2 +- 200 W/m2 for a period such that the luminous energy that they receive is equal to 4500 MJ/m2 +- 200 MJ/m2. Within the enclosure, the temperature measured on the black panel placed on a level with the samples shall be 50 °C +- 5 °C. In order to ensure a regular exposure, the samples shall revolve around the source of radiation at a speed between 1 and 5 1/min. The samples shall be sprayed with distilled water of conductivity lower than 1 mS/m at a temperature of 23 °C +- 5 °C, in accordance with the following cycle:

- spraying: 5 minutes;

- drying: 25 minutes.

2.2.2. Resistance to chemical agents

After the test described in paragraph 2.2.1 above and the measurement described in paragraph 2.2.3.1 below have been carried out, the outer face of the said three samples shall be treated as described in paragraph 2.2.2.2 with the mixture defined in paragraph 2.2.2.1 below.

2.2.2.1. Test mixture

The test mixture shall be composed of 61,5 per cent n-heptane, 12,5 per cent toluene, 7,5 per cent ethyl tetrachloride, 12,5 per cent trichlorethylene and 6 per cent xylene (volume per cent).

2.2.2.2. Application of the test mixture

Soak a piece of cotton cloth (as per ISO 105) until saturation with the mixture defined in paragraph 2.2.2.1 above and, within 10 seconds, apply it for 10 minutes to the outer face of the sample at a pressure of 50 N/cm2, corresponding to an effort of 100 N applied on a test surface of 14 × 14 mm.

During this 10-minute period, the cloth pad shall be soaked again with the mixture so that the composition of the liquid applied is continuously identical with that of the test mixture prescribed.

During the period of application, it is permissible to compensate the pressure applied to the sample in order to prevent it from causing cracks.

2.2.2.3. Cleaning

At the end of the application of the test mixture, the samples shall be dried in the open air and then washed with the solution described in paragraph 2.3 (Resistance to detergents) at 23 °C +- 5 °C. Afterwards the samples shall be carefully rinsed with distilled water containing not more than 0,2 per cent impurities at 23 °C +- 5 °C and then wiped off with a soft cloth.

2.2.3. Results

2.2.3.1. After the test of resistance to atmospheric agents, the outer face of the samples shall be free from cracks, scratches, chipping and deformation, and the mean variation in transmission Δ t = (T2-T3) / T2, measured on the three samples according to the procedure described in appendix 2 to this annex shall not exceed 0,020 (Δ tm <= 0,020).

2.2.3.2. After the test of resistance to chemical agents, the samples shall not bear any traces of chemical staining likely to cause a variation of flux diffusion, whose mean variation Ä d = (T5-T4) / T2, measured on the three samples according to the procedure described in appendix 2 to this annex shall not exceed 0,020 (Ä dm <= 0,020).

2.3. Resistance to detergents and hydrocarbons

2.3.1. Resistance to detergents

The outer face of three samples (lenses or samples of material) shall be heated to 50 °C +- 5 °C and then immersed for five minutes in a mixture maintained at 23 °C +- 5 °C and composed of 99 parts distilled water containing not more than 0,02 per cent impurities and one part alkylaryl sulphonate.

At the end of the test, the samples shall be dried at 50 °C +- 5 °C. The surface of the samples shall be cleaned with a moist cloth.

2.3.2. Resistance to hydrocarbons

The outer face of these three samples shall then be lightly rubbed for one minute with a cotton cloth soaked in a mixture composed of 70 per cent n-heptane and 30 per cent toluene (volume per cent), and shall then be dried in the open air.

2.3.3. Results

After the above two tests have been performed successively, the mean value of the variation in transmission Ä t = (T2-T3) / T2, measured on the three samples according to the procedure described in appendix 2 to this annex shall not exceed 0,010 (Ä tm <= 0,010).

2.4. Resistance to mechanical deterioration

2.4.1. Mechanical deterioration method

The outer face of the three new samples (lenses) shall be subjected to the uniform mechanical deterioration test by the method described in appendix 3 to this annex.

2.4.2. Results

After this test, the variations:

in transmission: Ä t = (T2-T3) / T2

and in diffusion: Ä d = (T5-T4) / T2

shall be measured according to the procedure described in appendix 2 in the area specified in paragraph 2.2.4 above. The mean value of the three samples shall be such that:

Ä tm <= 0,100;

Ä dm <= 0,050.

2.5. Test of adherence of coatings, if any

2.5.1. Preparation of the sample

A surface of 20 mm × 20 mm in area of the coating of a lens shall be cut with a razor blade or a needle into a grid of squares approximately 2 mm × 2 mm. The pressure on the blade or needle shall be sufficient to cut at least the coating.

2.5.2. Description of the test

Use an adhesive tape with a force of adhesion of 2 N/(cm of width) +- 20 per cent measured under the standardised conditions specified in appendix 4 to this annex. This adhesive tape, which shall be at least 25 mm wide, shall be pressed for at least five minutes to the surface prepared as prescribed in paragraph 2.5.1.

Then the end of the adhesive tape shall be loaded in such a way that the force of adhesion to the surface considered is balanced by a force perpendicular to that surface. At this stage, the tape shall be torn off at a constant speed of 1,5 m/s +- 0,2 m/s.

2.5.3. Results

There shall be no appreciable impairment of the gridded area. Impairments at the intersections between squares or at the edges of the cuts shall be permitted, provided that the impaired area does not exceed 15 per cent of the gridded surface.

2.6. Tests of the complete headlamp incorporating a lens of plastic material

2.6.1. Resistance to mechanical deterioration of the lens surface

2.6.1.1. Tests

The lens of lamp sample No 1 shall be subjected to the test described in paragraph 2.4.1 above.

2.6.1.2. Results

After the test, the results of photometric measurements carried out on the headlamp in accordance with this Regulation shall not exceed by more than 30 per cent the maximum values prescribed at points B 50 L and HV and not be more than 10 per cent below the minimum values prescribed at point 75 R (in the case of headlamps intended for left-hand traffic, the points to be considered are B 50 R, HV and 75 L).

2.6.2. Test of adherence of coatings, if any

The lens of lamp sample No. 2 shall be subjected to the test described in paragraph 2.5 above.

3. VERIFICATION OF THE CONFORMITY OF PRODUCTION

3.1. With regard to the materials used for the manufacture of lenses, the lamps of a series shall be recognised as complying with this Regulation if:

3.1.1. After the test for resistance to chemical agents and the test for resistance to detergents and hydrocarbons, the outer face of the samples exhibits no cracks, chipping or deformation visible to the naked eye (see paragraphs 2.2.2, 2.3.1 and 2.3.2);

3.1.2. After the test described in paragraph 2.6.1.1, the photometric values at the points of measurement considered in paragraph 2.6.1.2 are within the limits prescribed for conformity of production by this Regulation.

3.2. If the test results fail to satisfy the requirements, the tests shall be repeated on another sample of headlamps selected at random.

Appendix 1

CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER OF APPROVAL TESTS

A. Tests on plastic materials (lenses or samples of material supplied pursuant to paragraph 2.2.4 of this Regulation)

>TABLE>

B. Tests on complete lamps (supplied pursuant to paragraph 2.2.3 of this Regulation)

Table B

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Appendix 2

METHOD OF MEASUREMENT OF THE DIFFUSION AND TRANSMISSION OF LIGHT

1. EQUIPMENT (see figure)

The beam of a collimator K with a half divergence β/2 = 17,4 × 10-4 rd is limited by a diaphragm DT with an opening of 6 mm against which the sample stand is placed.

A convergent achromatic lens L2, corrected for spherical aberrations, links the diaphragm DT with the receiver R; the diameter of the lens L2 shall be such that it does not diaphragm the light diffused by the sample in a cone with a half top angle of β/2 = 14°.

An annular diaphragm DD with angles α/2= 1° and α max/2 = 12° is placed in an image focal plane of the lens L2.

The non-transparent central part of the diaphragm is necessary in order to eliminate the light arriving directly from the light source. It shall be possible to remove the central part of the diaphragm from the light beam in such a manner that it returns exactly to its original position.

The distance L2 DT and the focal length F2(1) of the lens L2 shall be so chosen that the image of DT completely covers the receiver R.

When the initial incident flux is referred to 1000 units, the absolute precision of each reading shall be better than 1 unit.

2. MEASUREMENTS

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(1) For L2 it is recommended to use a focal distance of about 80 mm.

Appendix 3

SPRAY TESTING METHOD

1. TEST EQUIPMENT

1.1. Spray gun

The spray gun used shall be equipped with a nozzle 1,3 mm in diameter allowing a liquid flow rate of 0,24 +- 0,02 1/minute at an operating pressure of 6,0 bars + 0,5 bar.

Under these operation conditions the fan pattern obtained shall be 170 mm +- 50 mm in diameter on the surface exposed to deterioration, at a distance of 380 mm +- 10 mm from the nozzle.

1.2. Test mixture

The test mixture shall be composed of:

- Silica sand of hardness 7 on the Mohr scale, with a grain size between 0 and 0,2 mm and an almost normal distribution, with an angular factor of 1,8 to 2;

- Water of hardness not exceeding 205 g/m3 for a mixture comprising 25 g of sand per litre of water.

2. TEST

The outer surface of the lamp lenses shall be subjected once or more than once to the action of the sand jet produced as described above. The jet shall be sprayed almost perpendicular to the surface to be tested.

The deterioration shall be checked by means of one or more samples of glass placed as a reference near the lenses to be tested. The mixture shall be sprayed until the variation in the diffusion of light on the sample or samples measured by the method described in appendix 2, is such that:

>REFERENCE TO A GRAPHIC>

Several reference samples may be used to check that the whole surface to be tested has deteriorated homogeneously.

Appendix 4

ADHESIVE TAPE ADHERENCE TEST

1. PURPOSE

This method allows to determine under standard conditions the linear force of adhesion of an adhesive tape to a glass plate.

2. PRINCIPLE

Measurement of the force necessary to unstick an adhesive tape from a glass plate at an angle of 90°.

3. SPECIFIED ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS

The ambient conditions shall be at 23 °C +- 5 °C and 65 +- 5 per cent relative humidity (RH).

4. TEST PIECES

Before the test, the sample roll of adhesive tape shall be conditioned for 24 hours in the specified atmosphere (see paragraph 3 above).

Five test pieces each 400 mm long shall be tested from each roll. These test pieces shall be taken from the roll after the first three turns were discarded.

5. PROCEDURE

The test shall be under the ambient conditions specified in paragraph 3.

Take the five test pieces while unrolling the tape radically at a speed of approximately 300 mm/s, then apply them within 15 seconds in the following manner:

Apply the tape to the glass plate progressively with a slight length wise rubbing movement of the finger, without excessive pressure, in such a manner as to leave no air bubble between the tape and the glass plate.

Leave the assembly in the specified atmospheric conditions for 10 minutes.

Unstick about 25 mm of the test piece from the plate in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the test piece.

Fix the plate and fold back the free end of the tape at 90°. Apply force in such a manner that the separation line between the tape and the plate is perpendicular to this force and perpendicular to the plate. Pull to unstick at a speed of 300 mm/s +- 30 mm/s and record the force required.

6. RESULTS

The five values obtained shall be arranged in order and the median value taken as the result of the measurement. This value shall be expressed in Newtons per centimetre of width of the tape.

ANNEX 7

Minimum requirements for sampling by an inspector

1. GENERAL

1.1. The conformity requirements shall be considered satisfied from a mechanical and a geometric standpoint, in accordance with the requirements of this Regulation, if any, if the differences do not exceed inevitable manufacturing deviations.

1.2. With respect to photometric performance, the conformity of mass produced headlamps shall not be contested if, when testing photometric performances of any headlamp chosen at random and equipped with a standard filament lamp;

1.2.1. no measured value deviates unfavourably by more than 20 per cent from the values prescribed in this Regulation. For values B 50 L (or R) and Zone III the maximum deviation may be respectively:

B 50 L (or R): 0,2 lx equivalent 20 per cent

0,3 lx equivalent 30 per cent

Zone III: 0,3 lx equivalent 20 per cent

0,45 lx equivalent 30 per cent

1.2.2. or if

1.2.2.1. for the passing beam, the values prescribed in this Regulation are met at HV (with a tolerance of 0,2 lx) and related to that aiming at least one point of each area delimited on the measuring screen (at 25 m) by a circle 15 cm in radius around points B 50 L (or R) 1/ (with a tolerance of 0,1 lx), 75 R (or L), 50 V, 25 R, 25 L, and in the entire area of zone IV which is not more than 22,5 cm above line 25 R and 25 L;

1.2.2.2. and if, for the driving beam, HV being situated within the isolux 0,75 Emax, a tolerance of +20 per cent for maximum values and -20 per cent for minimum values is observed for the photometric values at any measuring point specified in paragraph 6.3.2 of this Regulation. The reference mark is disregarded.

1.2.3. If the results of the tests described above do not meet the requirements, the alignment of the headlamp may be changed, provided that the axis of the beam is not displaced laterally by more than 1° to the right or left.

1.2.4. If the results of the tests described above do not meet the requirements, tests on the headlamps shall be repeated using another standard filament lamp.

1.2.5. Headlamps with apparent defects are disregarded.

1.2.6. The reference mark is disregarded.

1.3. The chromaticity coordinates shall be complied with when the headlamp is equipped with a filament lamp set to Standard A colour temperature.

The photometric performance of a headlamp emitting selective yellow light when equipped with a colourless filament lamp shall be the values contained in this Regulation multiplied by 0,84.

2. FIRST SAMPLING

In the first sampling four headlamps are selected at random. The first sample of two is marked A, the second sample of two is marked B.

2.1. The conformity is not contested.

2.2.1. Following the sampling procedure shown in Figure 1 of this annex the conformity of mass-produced headlamps shall not be contested if the deviation of the measured values of the headlamps in the unfavourable directions are:

2.1.1.1. sample A

A1: one head lamp 0 per cent

one headlamp not more than 20 per cent

A2: both headlamps more than 0 per cent

but not more than 20 per cent

go to sample B

2.1.1.2. sample B

B1: both headlamps 0 per cent

2.1.2. or if the conditions of paragraph 1.2.2 for sample A are fulfilled.

2.2. The conformity is contested.

2.2.1. Following the sampling procedure shown in Figure 1 of this annex the conformity of mass-produced headlamps shall be contested and the manufacturer requested to make his production meet the requirements (alignment) if the deviations of the measured values of the headlamps are:

2.2.1.1. sample A

A3: one headlamp not more than 20 per cent

one headlamp more than 20 per cent

but not more than 30 per cent

2.2.1.2. sample B

B2: in the case of A2

one headlamp more than 0 per cent

but not more than 20 per cent

one headlamp not more than 20 per cent

B3: in the case of A2

one head lamp 0 per cent

one headlamp more than 20 per cent

but not more than 30 per cent

2.2.2. or if the conditions of paragraph 1.2.2 for sample A are not fulfilled.

2.3. Approval withdrawn

Conformity shall be contested and paragraph 13 applied if, following the sampling procedure in Figure 1 of this annex. the deviations of the measured values of the headlamps are:

2.3.1. sample A

A4: one headlamp not more than 20 per cent

one headlamp more than 30 per cent

A5: both headlamps more than 20 per cent

2.3.2. sample B

B4: in the case of A2

one headlamp more than 0 per cent

but not more than 20 per cent

one headlamp more than 20 per cent

B5: in the case of A2

both headlamps more than more than 20 per cent

B6: in the case of A2

one headlamp 0 per cent

one headlamp more than 30 per cent

2.3.3. or if the conditions of paragraph 1.2.2 for samples A and B are not fulfilled.

3. REPEATED SAMPLING

In the cases of A3, B2, B3 a repeated sampling, third sample C of two headlamps and fourth sample D of two headlamps, selected from stock manufactured after alignment, is necessary within two months time after the notification.

3.1. The conformity is not contested.

3.1.1. Following the sampling procedure shown in Figure 1 of this annex the conformity of mass-produced headlamps shall not be contested if the deviations of the measured values of the headlamps are:

3.1.1.1. sample C

C1: one head lamp 0 per cent

one headlamp not more than 20 per cent

C2: both headlamps more than 0 per cent

but not more than 20 per cent

go to sample D

3.1.1.2. sample D

D1: in the case of C2

both headlamps 0 per cent

3.1.2. or if the conditions of paragraph 1.2.2 for sample C are fulfilled.

3.2. The conformity is contested.

3.2.1. Following the sampling procedure shown in Figure 1 of this annex the conformity of mass-produced headlamps shall be contested and the manufacturer requested to make his production meet the requirements (alignment) if the deviations of the measured values of the headlamps are:

3.2.1.1. sample D

D2: in the case of C2

one headlamp more than 0 per cent

but not more than 20 per cent

one headlamp not more than 20 per cent

3.2.1.2. or if the conditions of paragraph 1.2.2 for sample C are not fulfilled:

3.3. Approval withdrawn

Conformity shall be contested and paragraph 13 applied if, following the sampling procedure in Figure 1 of this annex, the deviations of the measured values of the headlamps are:

3.3.1. sample C

C3: one headlamp not more than 20 per cent

one headlamp more than 20 per cent

C4: both headlamps more than 20 per cent

3.3.2. sample D

D3: in the case of C2

one headlamp 0 or more than 0 per cent

one headlamp more than 20 per cent

3.3.3. or if the conditions of paragraph 1.2.2 for samples C and D are not fulfilled.

4. CHANGE OF THE VERTICAL POSITION OF THE CUT-OFF LINE

With respect to the verification of the change in vertical positions of the cut-off line under the influence of heat, the following procedure shall be applied:

One of the headlamps of sample A after sampling procedure in Figure 1 of this annex shall be tested according to the procedure described in paragraph 2.1 of annex 5 after being subjected three consecutive times to the cycle described in paragraph 2.2.2 of annex 5.

The headlamp shall be considered as acceptable if Δr does not exceed 1,5 mrad.

If this value exceeds 1,5 mrad but is not more than 2,0 mrad, the second headlamp of sample A shall be subjected to the test after which the mean of the absolute values recorded in both samples shall not exceed 1,5 mrad.

However, if this value of 1,5 mrad on sample A is not complied with, the two headlamps of sample B shall be subjected to the same procedure and the value of Δr for each of them shall not exceed 1,5 mrad.

Figure 1

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