CAP. 257, TRADE MARKS ACT BELIZE
TRADE MARKS ACT
CHAPTER 257
REVISED EDITION 2000
SHOWING THE LAW AS AT 31ST DECEMBER, 2000
This is a revised edition of the law, prepared by the Law Revision Commissioner
under the authority of the Law Revision Act, Chapter 3 of the Laws of Belize,
Revised Edition 1980 - 1990.
This edition contains a consolidation of the following laws- Page
ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS 3
TRADE MARKS ACT 11
Amendments in force as at 31st December, 2000.
BELIZE
TRADE MARKS ACT
CHAPTER 257
REVISED EDITION 2000
SHOWING THE LAW AS AT 31ST DECEMBER, 2000
This is a revised edition of the law, prepared by the Law Revision Commissioner
under the authority of the Law Revision Act, Chapter 3 of the Laws of Belize,
Revised Edition 1980 - 1990.
This edition contains a consolidation of the following laws- Page
ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS 3
TRADE MARKS ACT 11
Amendments in force as at 31st December, 2000.
THE SUBSTANTIVE LAWS OF BELIZE REVISED EDITION 2000
Printed by the Government Printer,
No. 1 Power Lane,
Belmopan, by the authority of
the Government of Belize.
Trade Marks [CAP. 257
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CHAPTER 257
TRADE MARKS
ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS
PART I
Preliminary
1. Short title.
2. Interpretation.
PART II
Administrative and Other Provisions
The Registrar and the Register
3. The Registrar.
Powers and Duties of the Registrar
4. Powers and duties of the Registrar.
5. Information about applications and registered trade marks.
6. Rectification or correction of the register.
7. Adaptation of entries to new classification.
8. Power of Registrar to award costs and require security.
9. Exclusion of liability in respect of official acts.
10. Registrar’s annual report.
11. The Journal.
PART III
Registered Trade Marks
Application forRegistration
12. Application for registration.
13. Date of filing.
14. Classification of trade marks.
Registration Procedure
15. Examination of application.
16. Publication, opposition proceedings and observations.
17. Withdrawal, restriction or amendment of application.
18. Registration.
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19. Registration; supplementary provisions.
Duration, Renewal and Alteration of Registered Trade Mark
20. Duration of registration.
21. Renewal of registration.
22. Alteration of registered trade mark.
23. Registered trade mark.
Effects of Registered Trade Mark
24. Rights conferred by registered trade mark.
25. Infringement of registered trade marks.
26. Limits of effect of registered trade mark.
27.27. Exhaustion of rights conferred by registered trade mark.
28. Registration subject to disclaimer.
Registered Trade Mark as Object of Property
29. Nature of registered trade mark.
30. Co-ownership of registered trade mark.
31. Assignment, etc., of registered trade mark.
32. Registration of transactions affecting registered trade mark.
33. Trusts and equities.
34. Application for registration of trade mark as an object of property.
Grounds for Refusal of Registration
35. Absolute grounds for refusal of registration.
36. Specially protected emblems.
37. Relative grounds for refusal of registration.
38. Meaning of “earlier trade mark”.
39. Raising of relative grounds in case of honest concurrent use.
40. Power to require that relative grounds be raised in opposition
proceedings.
Licensing
41. Licensing of registered trade mark.
42. Exclusive licences.
43. General provisions as to rights of licencees in case of infringement.
44. Exclusive licensee having rights and remedies of assignee.
Surrender, Revocation and Invalidity
45. Surrender of registered trade mark.
46. Revocation of registration.
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47. Grounds for invalidity of registration.
48. Effect of acquiescence of earlier trade mark.
Infringement Proceedings
49. Action for infringement.
50. Order of erasure, etc., of offending sign.
51. Order for delivery up of infringing goods, material or articles.
52. Meaning of “infringing goods, material or articles”.
53. Period after which remedy for delivery up not available.
54. Order as to disposal of infringing goods, material or articles.
55. Remedy for groundless threats of infringement proceedings.
Priority
56. Claim to priority of Convention application.
Collective Marks
57. Collective marks.
Certification Marks
58. Certification marks.
PART IV
International Matters
The Paris Convention and Other International Arrangements
59. Application of treaties.
60. The Paris Convention.
61. Protection of well-known trade mark: Article 6bis of Paris
Convention.
62. National Emblems, etc., of Convention countries: Article 6ter of
Paris Convention.
63. Emblems, etc., of certain international organisations: Article 6ter of
Paris Convention.
64. Notification under Article 6ter of the Paris Convention.
65. Acts of agent or representative: Article 6septies of the Paris
Convention.
66. Judicial notice of certain treaties.
PART V
Legal and General
Legal Proceedings
67. Registration to be prima facie evidence of validity.
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68. Certificate of validity of contested registration.
69. Registrar’s appearance in proceedings involving the regsiter.
70. Appeals from decisions of the Registrar.
71. Power of Minister to make Rules.
72. Hours of business of Intellectual Property Office.
73. Agents.
74. Provision restricting importation of infringing goods.
Offences
75. Unauthorised use of trade mark, etc., in relation to goods.
76. Falsification of register, etc.
77. Falsely representing trade mark as registered.
78. Offences by body corporate or partnership.
79. Powers of police officers.
80. Restrictions on the entry and search of domestic premises.
81. Obstruction of police officers.
PART VI
Repeals, Savings, Transition
82. Repeals.
83. Transitional.
84. Commencement.
____________
FIRST SCHEDULE
_____________
SECOND SCHEDULE
______________
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CHAPTER 257
TRADE MARKS
[22nd June, 2000]
PART I
Preliminary
1. This Act may be cited as the Trade Marks Act.
2. -(1) In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires:-
“business” includes a trade or profession;
“certification mark” is a mark indicating that the goods or services in con-
nection with which it is used are certified by the proprietor of the mark in
respect of origin, materials, mode of manufacture of goods or performance of
services, quality, accuracy or other characteristics, and the provisions of this
Act apply to certification marks subject to the provisions of the Second
Schedule;
“collective mark” means a mark distinguishing the goods or services of
members of the association which is the proprietor from those of other
undertakings, and the provisions of this Act apply to collective marks subject
to the provisions of the First Schedule;
“Court” means the Supreme Court;
“Director” in relation to a body corporate whose affairs are managed by its
members, means any member of the body;
17 of 20001.
Short title.
1 This Act had not yet come into force by 31st December, 2000.
Interpretation.
Second
Schedule.
First Schedule.
“infringement proceedings” in relation to a registered trade mark, include
proceedings for an order for delivering up of infringing goods;
“Journal” means the Journal of Intellectual Property referred to in section 11
of this Act;
“Minister” means the Minister for the time being to whom the subject of
intellectual property is assigned by the Governor-General pursuant to
section 41 of the Belize Constitution;
“Paris Convention” means the Paris Convention for the Protection of
Industrial Property of March 20, 1883, as last revised;
“priority date” means the date of the earlier application that serves as the
basis for the right of priority provided for in the Paris Convention;
“publish” means make available to the public and references to publication:-
(a) in relation to an application for registration are to
publication under section 16 (1) of this Act; and
(b) in relation to registration, are to publication under
section 18 of this Act;
“Register” means the Register of Trade Marks referred to in this Act;
“Registrar” means the Registrar of Intellectual Property appointed under
section 4 of the Patents Act;
“trade” includes any business or profession;
“trade mark” means any sign capable of being represented graphically which
is capable of distinguishing goods or services of one undertaking from those
of other undertakings and it may, in particular, consist of words (including
CAP. 4.
CAP. 253.
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personal names), designs, letters, numerals or the shape of goods or their
packaging.
(2) References in this Act to a trade mark include, unless the
context otherwise requires, references to a collective mark or a certification
mark.
PART II
Administrative and Other Provisions
The Registrar and the Register
3. -(1) The Registrar of Intellectual Property appointed by the Minister
pursuant to section 4 (1) of the Patents Act shall maintain a Register of Trade
Marks, Certification Marks and Collective Marks in accordance with this
Act.
(2) The provisions of section 4 (2) to (5) of the Patents Act shall
apply to this Act.
(3) References in this Act to “the Register” are to the register; and
references to registration (in particular, in the expression “registered trade
mark”) are, unless the context otherwise requires, to registration in the
register.
(4) The Registrar shall enter in the register in accordance with this
Act:-
(a) registered trade marks; certification marks and collective
marks;
(b) such particulars as may be prescribed of registrable
The Registrar.
CAP. 253.
CAP. 253.
transactions affecting a registered trade mark; and
(c) such other matters relating to registered trade marks as
may be prescribed.
(5) The register shall be kept in such a manner as may be
prescribed, and provision shall in particular be made for:-
(a) public inspection of the register upon payment of the
prescribed fee;
(b) the supply of certified or uncertified copies, or extracts,
of entries in the register.
Powers and Duties of the Registrar
4.-(1) The Registrar may require the use of such forms as he may direct for
any purpose relating to the registration of a trade mark or any proceedings
before him under this Act.
(2) The forms, and any direction of the Registrar with respect to
their use, shall be published by the Registrar as Regulations in the Gazette.
5.-(1) After publication of an application for registration of a trade mark,
the Registrar shall on request, and upon payment of the prescribed fee,
provide any person with such information and permit such person to inspect
such documents relating to the application, or to any registered trade mark
resulting from it, as may be specified in the request, subject, however, to any
prescribed restrictions.
(2) Any request referred to in subsection (1) above shall be made
in the prescribed manner and shall be accompanied by the appropriate
prescribed fee, if any.
Powers and duties
of the Registrar.
Information about
applications and
registered trade
marks.
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(3) Before publication of an application for registration of a trade
mark, documents or information constituting or relating to the application shall
not be published by the Registrar or communicated by him to any person
except:-
(a) in such cases and to such extent as may be prescribed;
or
(b) with the consent of the applicant,
but subject to the provisions of subsection (4) below.
(4) Where a person has been notified that an application for regis-
tration of a trade mark has been made, and that the applicant will, if the
application is granted; bring proceedings against him in respect of acts done
after publication of the application, such person may make a request under
subsection (1) above, notwithstanding that the application has not been
published, and that subsection shall apply accordingly.
6.-(1) Any person having a sufficient interest may apply for the rectification
or correction of an error or omission in the register:
Provided that an application shall not be made under this section in
respect of a matter affecting the validity of the registration of a trade mark.
(2) An application for rectification or correction of the register shall
be made to the Registrar.
(3) The effect of a rectification or correction made under this section
is that the error or omission shall be deemed never to have been made.
(4) The Registrar may, on request made in the prescribed manner by
the proprietor of a registered trade mark, or a licensee, enter any change in
his name or address as recorded in the register.
Rectification or
correction of the
register.
(5) The Registrar may, subject to the provisions of this Act,
remove from the register any matter which appears to him to have ceased to
have effect.
7.-(1) The Minister may make Regulations empowering the Registrar to do
such things as the Registrar considers necessary to implement any amended
or substituted classification of goods or services for purposes of the
registration of trade marks.
(2) Regulations made pursuant to this section may in particular
provide for the amendment of existing entries on the register so as to accord
with the new classification.
(3) Any such power of amendment as is referred to in this section
shall not be exercised so as to extend the rights conferred by registration
except where it appears to the Registrar that full compliance with this
requirement would involve undue complexity and that any extension would
not adversely affect the rights of any person.
(4) The Regulations may empower the Registrar:-
(a) to require the proprietor of a registered trade mark,
within such time as may be prescribed, to file a
proposal for amendment of the register; and
(b) to cancel or refuse to renew the registration of the trade
mark in the event of the proprietor failing to do so.
(5) Any such proposal shall be advertised in at least two news-
papers having general circulation in Belize and in one issue of the Gazette,
and may be opposed, in such manner as may be prescribed.
8.-(1) The Minister may make Rules empowering the Registrar, in any
proceedings before him under this Act:-
Adaptation of
entries to new
classification.
Power of Registrar
to award costs and
require security.
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(a) to award any party such costs as he may consider
reasonable; and
(b) to direct how and by what parties they are to be paid.
(2) An order of the Registrar made pursuant to subsection (1)
above may be enforced in the same way as an order of the Court.
(3) Provision may be made by the Rules empowering the Registrar,
in appropriate cases, to require a party to proceedings before him to give
security for costs, in relation to those proceedings on appeal, and as to the
consequences if such security is not given.
(4) Rules may make provisions as to the giving of evidence before
the Registrar by affidavit or statutory declaration.
9.-(1) The Registrar shall not be taken to warrant the validity of the regis-
tration of a trade mark under this Act or under any treaty, convention,
arrangement or engagement to which Belize is a party.
(2) The Registrar is not subject to any liability by reason of, or in
connection with, any examination required or authorised under this Act, or
any such treaty, convention, arrangement or engagement, or any report or
other proceedings consequent on such examination.
(3) No proceedings lie against any member of staff of the Office of
Intellectual Property in respect of any matter for which, by virtue of this
section, the Registrar is not liable.
10.-(1) The Registrar shall in the month of December in each year, make a
report to the Minister about the operations of the Office of Intellectual
Property in respect of this Act, and shall include in such report the discharge
of his functions under the Paris Convention and any other international
arrangement concerning trade marks to which Belize is party.
Exclusion of
liability in
respect of official
acts.
Registrar’s
annual report.
(2) The report referred to under subsection (1) above shall include
an account of all monies received and paid by the Office of Intellectual
Property pursuant to this Act.
11.-(1) The Registrar shall publish in the Journal of Intellectual Property a
notice of the registration of any trade mark.
(2) The Journal shall contain all such particulars of any application
for the registration of a trade mark as may be prescribed (including a
representation of the mark) and such other information relating to the trade
mark as the Registrar thinks fit.
PART III
Registered Trade Marks
Application for Registration
12.-(1) An application for the registration of a trade mark shall be made to
the Registrar.
(2) The application shall contain:-
(a) a request for registration of a trade mark;
(b) the name and address of the applicant;
(c) a statement of the goods or services in relation to which
it is sought to register the trade mark; and
(d) a representation of the trade mark.
(3) The application shall state that the trade mark is being used, by
the applicant or with his consent, in relation to those goods or services, or
The Journal.
Application for
registration.
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that he has a bona fide intention that it should be so used.
(4) The application shall be subject to payment of the application
fee and such class fees as may be appropriate.
13.-(1) The date of filing of an application for registration of a trade mark is
the date on which documents containing everything required by section 12
(2) are furnished to the Registrar by the applicant.
(2) If the documents are furnished on different days, the date of
filing is the last of those days.
14.-(1) Goods and services shall be classified for the purposes of the
registration of trade marks according to a prescribed system of classification.
(2) Any question arising as to the class within which any goods or
services fall shall be determined by the Registrar, whose decision shall be
final.
Registration Procedure
15.-(1) The Registrar shall examine whether an application for registration of
a trade mark satisfies the requirements of this Act (including any requirements
imposed by Rules).
(2) For that purpose he shall carry out a search, to such extent as
he considers necessary, of earlier trade marks.
(3) If it appears to the Registrar that the requirements for regis-
tration are not met, he shall inform the applicant and give him an opportunity,
within such period as the Registrar may specify, to make representations or
to amend the application.
(4) If the applicant fails to satisfy the Registrar that those require-
Date of filing.
Classification of
trade marks.
Examination of
application.
ments are met, or to amend the application so as to meet them, or fails to
respond before the end of the specified period, the Registrar shall refuse to
accept the application.
(5) If it appears to the Registrar that the requirements for
registration are met, he shall accept the application.
16.-(1) When an application for registration has been accepted, the
Registrar shall cause the application to be published in the register and the
Journal, and in any other prescribed manner.
(2) Any person may, within the prescribed time from the date of
the publication of the application, give notice to the Registrar of opposition
to the registration.
(3) The notice shall be given in writing in the prescribed manner,
and shall include a statement of the grounds of opposition.
(4) Where an application has been published, any person may, at
any time before the registration of the trade mark, make observations in
writing to the Registrar as to whether the trade mark should be registered;
and the Registrar shall inform the applicant of any such observations .
(5) A person who makes observations does not thereby become a
party to the proceedings on the application.
17.-(1) The applicant may at any time withdraw his application or restrict
the goods or services covered by the application.
(2) If the application has been published, the withdrawal or restric-
tion shall also be published.
(3) In other respects, an application may be amended, at the
request of the applicant, only by correcting:-
Publication,
opposition
proceedings and
observations.
Withdrawal,
restriction or
amendment of
application.
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(a) the name or address of the applicant;
(b) errors of wording or of copying; or
(c) obvious mistakes,
and then only where the correction does not substantially affect the identity of
the trade mark or extend the goods or services covered by the application.
(4) Provision shall be made by Rules for the publication of any
amendment which affects the representation of the trade mark, or the goods
or services covered by the application, and for the making of objections by
any person claiming to be affected by it.
18.-(1) Where an application has been accepted and -
(a) no notice of opposition is given within the period
referred to in section 16 (2), or
(b) all opposition proceedings are withdrawn or decided in
favour of the applicant,
the Registrar shall register the trade mark, unless it appears to him having
regard to matters coming to his notice since he accepted the application that
it was accepted in error.
(2) A trade mark shall not be registered unless any fee prescribed
for the registration is paid within the prescribed period and if the fee is not
paid within that period, the application shall be deemed to be withdrawn.
(3) A trade mark when registered shall be registered as of the date
of filing of the application for registration; and that date shall be deemed for
the purposes of this Act to be the date of registration.
Registration.
19.-(1) Provision may be made by Rules as to –
(a) the division of an application for the registration of a
trade mark into several applications;
(b) the merging of separate applications or registrations; or
(c) the registration of a series of trade marks.
Duration, Renewal and Alteration of Registered Trade Mark
20.-(1) A trade mark shall be registered for a period of ten years from the
date of registration.
(2) Registration may be renewed in accordance with section 21 for
further periods of ten years.
21.-(1) The registration of a trade mark may be renewed at the request of
the proprietor, subject to payment of a renewal fee.
(2) Provision shall be made by Rules for the Registrar to inform the
proprietor of a registered trade mark before the expiry of the registration, of
the date of expiry and the manner in which the registration may be renewed.
(3) A request for renewal shall be made, and the renewal fee paid,
before the expiry of the registration and failing this, the request may be made
and the fee paid within such further period (of not less than six months) as
may be prescribed, in which case an additional renewal fee shall also be
paid within that period.
(4) Renewal shall take effect from the expiry of the previous
registration.
(5) If the registration is not renewed in accordance with the above
Registration;
supplementary
provisions.
Duration of
registration.
Renewal of
registration.
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provisions, the Registrar shall remove the trade mark from the register:
Provided that provisions may be made by the Rules for the restora-
tion of the registration of a trade mark which has been removed from the
register, subject to such conditions (if any) as may be prescribed.
(6) The renewal or restoration of the registration of a trade mark
shall be published in the register and the Journal and in any other prescribed
manner.
22.-(1) A registered trade mark shall not be altered in the register, during
the period of registration or on renewal.
(2) Nevertheless, the Registrar may, at the request of the proprietor,
allow the alteration of a registered trade mark where the mark includes the
proprietor’s name or address and the alteration is limited to alteration of that
name or address and does not substantially affect the identity of the mark.
(3) Provision shall be made by Rules for the publication of any such
alteration and the making of objections by any person claiming to be affected
by it.
23.-(1) A registered trade mark is a property right obtained by the regis-
tration of the trade mark under this Act and the proprietor of a registered
trade mark has the rights and remedies provided by this Act.
(2) No proceedings lie to prevent or recover damages for the
infringement of an unregistered trade mark as such; but nothing in this Act
affects the law relating to passing off.
Alteration of
registered trade
mark.
Registered trade
mark.
Effects of Registered Trade Mark
24.-(1) Subject to the provisions of this Act, the proprietor of a registered
trade mark has exclusive rights in the trade mark which are infringed by use
of the trade mark in Belize without his consent.
(2) The acts amounting to infringement; if done without the consent
of the proprietor, are specified in section 25 below, and references in this
Act to the infringement of a registered trade mark are to any such
infringement of the rights of the proprietor.
(3) The rights of the proprietor have effect from the date of regis-
tration (which in accordance with section 18 (3) is the date of filing of the
application for registration):
Provided that:-
(a) no infringement proceedings may be begun before the
date on which the trade mark is in fact registered; and
(b) no offence under section 75 (unauthorised use of trade
mark, etc. in relation to goods) is committed by
anything done before the date of publication of the
registration.
25.-(1) A person infringes a registered trade mark if he uses in the course
of trade a sign or mark which is identical with the trade mark in relation to
goods or services which are identical with those for which it is registered.
(2) A person infringes a registered trade mark if he uses in the
course of a trade a sign where because:-
(a) the sign is identical with the trade mark and is used in
relation to goods or services similar to those for which
Rights conferred
by registered
trade mark.
Infringement of
registered trade.
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the trade mark is registered; or
(b) the sign is similar to the trade mark and is used in
relation to goods or services identical with or similar to
those for which the trade mark is registered,
there exists a likelihood of confusion on the part of the public which includes
the likelihood of association with the trade mark.
(3) A person infringes a registered trade mark if he uses in the
course of a trade a sign which:-
(a) is identical with or similar to the trade mark; and
(b) is used in relation to goods and services which are
similar for those which the trade mark is registered,
where the trade mark has a reputation in Belize and the use of the sign, being
without due cause, takes unfair advantage of, or is detrimental to, the
distinctive character or the repute of the trade mark.
(4) For the purpose of this section, a person uses a sign if, in
particular, he :-
(a) affixes it to goods or the packaging thereof;
(b) offers or exposes goods for sale, put them on the market
or stock them for those purposes under the sign, or
offers or supplies services under the sign;
(c) imports or exports goods under the sign; or
(d) uses the sign on business papers or in advertising.
(5) A person who applies a registered trade mark to material
intended to be used for labeling or packing goods , as a business paper, or
for advertising goods or services, shall be treated as a party to any use of
the material which infringes the registered trade mark if when he applies the
mark he knew or had reason to believe that the application of the trade
mark was not duly authorised by the proprietor or a licensee.
(6) Nothing in the preceding provisions of this section shall be con-
strued as preventing the use of a registered trade mark by any person for
the purpose of identifying goods or services as those of the proprietor or a
licensee, but any such use otherwise than in accordance with honest
practices in industrial or commercial matters shall be treated as infringing the
registered trade mark if the use without due cause takes unfair advantage of,
or is detrimental to, the distinctive character or repute of the trade mark.
26.-(1) A registered trade mark is not infringed by the use of another
registered trade mark in relation to goods or services for which the latter is
registered but subject to section 47 (6) (effect of declaration of invalidity of
registration).
(2) A registered trade mark is not infringed by:-
(a) the use by a person of his own name or address;
(b) the use of indications concerning the kind, quality,
quantity, intended purpose, value, geographical origin,
the time of production of goods or of rendering of
services, or other characteristics of goods or services;
or
(c) the use of the trade mark where it is necessary to
indicate the intended purpose of a product or service
(in particular, as accessories or spare parts),
Limits on effect of
registered trade
mark.
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provided the use is in accordance with honest practices in industrial or
commercial matters.
(3) A registered trade mark is not infringed by the use in the course
of trade in a particular locality of an earlier right which applies only in that
locality, and for this purpose an “earlier right” means an unregistered trade
mark or other sign continously used in relation to goods or services by a
person or a predecessor in title of his from a date prior to whichever is the
earlier of:-
(a) the use of the first-mentioned trade mark in relation to
those goods or services by the proprietor or a
predecessor in title of his; or
(b) the registration of the first-mentioned trade mark in
respect of those goods or services in the name of the
proprietor or a predecessor in title of his,
and an earlier right shall be regarded as applying in a locality if, or to the
extent that, its use in that locality is protected by virtue of any rule of law (in
particular, the law of passing off).
27.-(1) A registered trade mark is not infringed by the use of the trade
mark in relation to goods which have been put on the market in the Caricom
Single Market and Economy under that trade mark by the proprietor or
with his consent.
(2) Subsection (1) does not apply where there exist legitimate
reasons for the proprietor to oppose further dealings in the goods (in
particular, where the condition of the goods has been changed or impaired
after they have been put on the market).
28.-(1) An applicant for registration of a trade mark, or the proprietor of a
registered trade mark, may:-
Exhaustion of
rights conferred
by registered
trade mark.
Registration
subject to
disclaimer.
(a) disclaim any right to the exclusive use of any specified
element of the trade mark; or
(b) agree that the rights conferred by the registration shall
be subject to a specified territorial or other limitation;
and where the registration of a trade mark is subject to a disclaimer or
limitation, the rights conferred by section 24 (rights conferred by registered
trade mark) are restricted accordingly.
(2) Provision shall be made by Rules as to the publication and
entry in the register of a disclaimer or limitation.
Registered Trade Mark as Object of Property
29. A registered trade mark is personal property.
30.-(1) Where a registered trade mark is granted to two or more persons
jointly, each of them is entitled, subject to any agreement to the contrary, to
an equal undivided share in the registered trade mark.
(2) The following provisions apply where two or more persons are
co-proprietors of a registered trade mark, by virtue of subsection (1) or
otherwise.
(3) Subject to any agreement to the contrary, each co-proprietor is
entitled, by himself or his agents, to do for his own benefit and without the
consent of or the need to account to the other or others, any act which
would otherwise amount to an infringement of the registered trade mark.
(4) One co-proprietor may not without the consent of the other or
others -
Nature of
registered trade
mark.
Co-ownership of
registered trade
mark.
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Trade Marks [CAP. 257
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(a) grant a licence to use the registered trade mark; or
(b) assign or change his share in the registered trade mark.
(5) Infringement proceedings may be brought by any proprietor, but
he may not, without the leave of the Court, proceed with the action unless the
other, or each of the others, is either joined as a plaintiff or added as a
defendant, but a co-proprietor who is thus added as a defendant shall not be
made liable for any costs in the action unless he takes part in the proceedings
and nothing in this subsection affects the granting of interlocutory relief on
the application of a single co-proprietor.
(6) Nothing in this section affects the mutual rights and obligations of
trustees or personal representatives, or their rights and obligations as such.
31.-(1) A registered trade mark is transmissible by assignment, testa-
mentary disposition or operation of law in the same way as other personal or
moveable property and it is so transmissible either in connection with the
goodwill of a business or independently.
(2) An assignment or other transmission of a registered trade mark
may be partial, that is, limited so as to apply -
(a) in relation to some but not all of the goods or services
for which the trade mark is registered; or
(b) in relation to use of the trade mark in a particular
locality.
(3) An assignment of a registered trade mark, or an assent relating
to a registered trade mark, is not effective unless it is in writing signed by or
on behalf of the assignor or, as the case may be, a personal representative,
and this requirement may be satisfied in a case where the assignor or
personal representative is a body corporate by the affixing of its seal.
Assignment,
etc., of registered
trade mark.
(4) The above provisions apply to assignment by way of security
as in relation to any assignment.
(5) A registered trade mark may be the subject of a charge in the
same way as other personal or moveable property.
(6) Nothing in this Act shall be construed as affecting the
assignment or other transmission of an unregistered trade mark as part of
the goodwill of a business.
32.-(1) On application being made to the Registrar by:-
(a) a person claiming to be entitled to an interest in or
under a registered trade mark by virtue of a registrable
transaction; or
(b) any other person claiming to be affected by such a
transaction,
the prescribed particulars of the transaction shall be entered in the Register.
(2) The following are registrable transactions-
(a) an assignment of a registered trade mark or any right in
it;
(b) the grant of a licence under a registered trade mark;
(c) the granting of any security interest (whether fixed or
floating) over a registered trade mark or any right in or
under it;
(d) the making by personal representatives of an assent in
relation to a registered trade mark or any right in or
Registration of
transactions
affecting
registered trade
mark.
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under it;
(e) an order of a court or other competent authority
transferring a registered trade mark or any right in or
under it.
(3) Until an application has been made for registration of the
prescribed particulars of a registrable transaction:-
(a) the transaction is ineffective as against a person
acquiring a conflicting interest in or under the registered
trade mark in ignorance of it; and
(b) a person claiming to be a licensee by virtue of the
transaction does not have the protection of section 43 or
44 (rights and remedies of licensee in relation to
infringement).
(4) Where a person becomes the proprietor or a licensee of a
registered trade mark by virtue of a registrable transaction unless:-
(a) an application for registration of the prescribed
particulars of the transaction is made before the end of
the period of six months beginning with its date; or
(b) the Court is satisfied that it was not practicable for such
an application to be made before the end of that period
and that an application was made as soon as practicable
thereafter,
he is not entitled to damages or an account of profits in respect of any
infringement of the registered trade mark occurring after the date of the
transaction and before the prescribed particulars of the transaction are
registered.
(5) Provision may be made by Rules as to:-
(a) the amendment of registered particulars relating to a
licence so as to reflect any alteration of the terms of the
licence; and
(b) the removal of such particulars from the register:-
(i) where it appears from the registered particulars
that the licence was granted for a fixed period
and that period has expired; or
(ii) where no such period is indicated and, after
such period as may be prescribed, the Registrar
has notified the parties of his intention to
remove the particulars from the register.
(6) Provision may also be made by Rules as to the amendment or
removal from the register of particulars relating to a security interest on the
application of, or with the consent of, the person entitled to the benefit of
that interest.
33.-(1) No notice of any trust (express, implied or constructive) shall be
entered in the register, and the Registrar shall not be affected by any such
notice.
(2) Subject to the provisions of this Act, equities in respect of a
registered trade mark may be enforced in like manner as in respect of other
personal or moveable property.
34.-(1) The provisions of sections 29 to 33 (which relate to a registered
trade mark as an object of property) apply, with the necessary
modifications, in relation to an application for the registration of a trade
mark as in relation to a registered trade mark.
Trusts and
equities.
Application for
registration of
trade mark as an
object of property.
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(2) In section 30 (co-ownership of registered trade mark ) as it
applies in relation to an application for registration, the reference in
subsection (1) to the granting of the registration shall be construed as a
reference to the making of the application.
(3) In section 32 (registration of transactions affecting registered
trade marks) as it applies in relation to a transaction affecting an application
for the registration of a trade mark, the references to the entry of particulars
in the register, and to the making of an application to register particulars, shall
be construed as references to the giving of notice to the Registrar of those
particulars.
Grounds for Refusal of Registration
35.-(1) The following shall not be registered:-
(a) signs which do not satisfy the requirements of the
definition of a trade mark;
(b) trade marks which are devoid of any distinctive
character;
(c) trade marks which consist exclusively of signs or
indications which may serve, in trade, to designate the
kind, quality, quantity, intended purpose, value,
geographical origin, the time of production of goods or
rendering of services, or other characteristics of goods
or services;
(d) trade marks which consist exclusively of signs or
indications which have become customary in the current
language or in the bona fide and established practices
of the trade:
Absolute
grounds for
refusal of
registration.
Provided that, a trade mark shall not be refused registration by virtue
of paragraph (b), (c), or (d) above if, before the date of application for
registration, it has in fact acquired a distinctive character as a result of the
use made of it.
(2) A sign shall not be registered as a trade mark if it consists
exclusively of:-
(a) the shape which results from the nature of the goods
themselves;
(b) the shape of goods which is necessary to obtain a
technical result; or
(c) the shape which gives substantial value to the goods.
(3) A trade mark shall not be registered if it is:-
(a) contrary to public policy or to accepted principles of
morality; or
(b) of such a nature as to deceive the public (for instance
as to the nature, quality or geographical origin of the
goods or service).
(4) A trade mark shall not be registered if or to the extent that its
use is prohibited in Belize by any enactment or rule of law.
(5) A trade mark shall not be registered in the cases specified, or
referred to, in section 36 (specially protected emblems).
(6) A trade mark shall not be registered if or to the extent that the
application for registration is made in bad faith.
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Trade Marks [CAP. 257
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36.-(1) A trade mark which consists of or contains:-
(a) the Belize flag, or any of the principal armorial bearings
of the Belize flag, or any insignia or device so nearly
resembling the Belize flag or any such armorial bearings
as to be likely to be mistaken for them or it;
(b) any insignia used by the Belize Police Department, Belize
Defence Force, Prison Department, Fire Department or
any other Government Department, or any device so
nearly resembling such insignia as to be likely to be
mistaken for it;
(c) words, letters or devices likely to lead persons to think
that the applicant either has or recently has had
Government patronage or authorisation,
shall not be registered unless it appears to the Registrar that consent has been
given by or on behalf of the Government.
(2) A trade mark shall not be registered if it falls in one of the
categories referred to in section 62 (national emblems, etc., of Convention
countries) or section 63 (emblems, etc., of certain international
organisations).
37.-(1) A trade mark shall not be registered if it is identical with an earlier
trade mark and the goods or services for which the trade mark is applied for
are identical with the goods or services for which the earlier trade mark is
protected.
(2) A trade mark shall not be registered if because:-
(a) it is identical with an earlier trade mark and is to be
registered for goods or services similar to those for
Specially
protected
emblems.
Relative grounds
for refusal of
registration.
which the earlier trade mark is protected; or
(b) it is similar to an earlier trade mark and is to be
registered for goods or services identical with or similar
to those for which the earlier trade mark is protected,
there exists a likelihood of confusion on the part of the public, which
includes the likelihood of association with the earlier trade mark.
(3) A trade mark which:-
(a) is identical with or similar to an earlier trade mark; and
(b) is to be registered for goods or services which are not
similar to those for which the earlier trade mark is
protected,
shall not be registered if, or to the extent that, the earlier trade mark has a
reputation in Belize and the use of the later mark without due cause would
take unfair advantage of, or be detrimental to, the distinctive character or
the repute of the earlier trade mark.
(4) A trade mark shall not be registered if, or to the extent that, its
use in Belize is liable to be prevented:-
(a) by virtue of any rule of law (in particular, the law of
passing off) protecting an unregistered trade mark or
other sign used in the course of trade; or
(b) by virtue of an earlier right other than those referred to
in subsections (1) to (3) or paragraph (a) above, in
particular by virtue of the law of copyright, design right
or registered designs.
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(5) A person thus entitled to prevent the use of a trade mark is
referred to in this Act as the proprietor of an “earlier right” in relation to the
trade mark.
(6) Nothing in this section prevents the registration of a trade mark
where the proprietor of the earlier trade mark or other earlier right consents
to the registration.
38.-(1) In this Act, an “earlier trade mark” means:-
(a) a registered trade mark or an international trade mark
(Belize) which has a date of application for registration
earlier than that of the trade mark in question, taking
account (where appropriate) of the priorities claimed in
respect of the trade mark; or
(b) a trade mark which, at the date of application for
registration of the trade mark in question or (where
appropriate) of the priority claimed in respect of the
application, was entitled to protection under the Paris
Convention as a well known trade mark.
(2) References in this Act to an earlier trade mark include a trade
mark in respect of which an application for registration has been made and
which if registered, would be an earlier trade mark by virtue of subsection (1)
(a) or (b), subject to its being so registered.
(3) A trade mark within subsection (1) (a) or (b) whose registr-
ation expires shall continue to be taken into account in determining the
registrability of a later mark for a period of one year after the expiry unless
the Registrar is satisfied that there was no bona fide use of the mark during
the two years immediately preceding the expiry.
Meaning of
“earlier trade
mark”.
39.-(1) This section applies where on an application for the registration of a
trade mark it appears to the Registrar :-
(a) that there is an earlier trade mark in relation to which
the conditions set out in section 37 (1), (2), or (3)
obtain; or
(b) that there is an earlier right in relation to which the
condition set out in section 37 (4) is satisfied,
but the applicant shows to the satisfaction of the Registrar that there has
been honest concurrent use of the trade mark for which registration is
sought.
(2) In that case the Registrar shall not refuse the application by
reason of the earlier trade mark or other earlier right unless objection on that
ground is raised in opposition proceedings by the proprietor of that earlier
trade mark or other earlier right.
(3) For the purpose of this section “honest concurrent use” means
such use in Belize, by the applicant or with his consent, at the same time the
use is made by the proprietor of the earlier trade mark or with his consent
under any earlier law to this Act relating to trade marks in Belize.
(4) Nothing in this section affects:-
(a) the refusal of registration on the grounds mentioned in
section 35 (absolute grounds for refusal), or
(b) the making of an application for a declaration on
invalidity under section 47 (2) (application on relative
grounds where no consent to registration).
(5) This section does not apply when there is an order in force
Raising of relative
grounds in case of
honest concurrent
use.
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under section 40 below.
40.-(1) The Minister may by Order provide that in any case a trade mark
shall not be refused registration on a ground mentioned in section 37 (relative
grounds for refusal) unless objection on that ground is raised in opposition
proceedings by the proprietor of the earlier trade mark or other earlier right.
(2) The Order may make such consequential provisions as appears
to the Minister appropriate:-
(a) with respect to the carrying out by the Registrar of
searches of earlier trade marks; and
(b) as to the persons by whom an application for a
declaration of invalidity may be made on the grounds
specified in section 37 (2) (relative grounds).
(3) An Order making such provision as is mentioned in subsection
(2) (a) may direct that so much of section 16 (examination of application) as
requires a search to be carried out shall cease to have effect.
(4) An Order making such provisions as are mentioned in sub-
section (2) (b) may provide that so much of section 47 (3) as provides that
any person may make an application for a declaration of invalidity shall have
effect subject to the provisions of the Order.
(5) An Order under this section may contain such transitional
provisions as appear to the Minister to be appropriate.
Licensing
41.-(1) A licence to use a registered trade mark may be general or limited
but a limited licence may, in particular, apply :-
Power to require
that relative
grounds be
raised in
opposition
proceedings.
Licensing of
registered trade
mark.
(a) in relation to some but not all of the goods or services
for which the trade mark is registered; or
(b) in relation to use of the trade mark in a particular
manner or a particular locality.
(2) A licence is not effective unless it is in writing signed by or on
behalf of the grantor.
(3) Unless the licence provides otherwise, it is binding on a
successor in title to the grantor’s interest.
(4) References in this Act to doing anything with, or without, the
consent of the proprietor of a registered trade mark shall be construed as
including, in appropriate cases, references requiring the consent of the
licensee, as the case may be.
(5) Where the licence so provides, a sub-licence may be granted
by the licensee; and references in this Act to a licence or licensee include a
sub-licence or sub-licensee.
42.-(1) In this Act, an “exclusive licence” means a licence (whether general
or limited) authorising the licensee to the exclusion of all other persons
including the person granting the licence, to use a registered trade mark in
the manner authorised by the licence, and the expression “exclusive
licensee” shall be construed accordingly.
(2) An exclusive licensee has the same rights against a successor in
title who is bound by the licence as he has against the person granting the
licence.
43.-(1) This section has effect with respect to the rights of a licensee in
relation to infringement of a registered trade mark but the provisions of this
section do not apply where or to the extent that, by virtue of section 44 (1)
Exclusive licence.
General provisions
as to rights of
licensees in case
of infringement.
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No. 1 Power Lane,
Belmopan, by the authority of
the Government of Belize.
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[ ]
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below (exclusive licensee having rights and remedies of assignee), the
licensee has a right to bring proceedings in his own name.
(2) A licensee is entitled, unless his licence through which his interest
is derived provides otherwise, to call on the proprietor of the registered trade
mark to take infringement proceedings in respect of any matter which affects
his interests.
(3) If the proprietor:–
(a) refuses to do so; or
(b) fails to do so within two months after being called upon,
the licensee may bring the proceedings in his own name as if he were the
proprietor.
(4) Where infringement proceedings are brought by a licensee by
virtue of this section, the licensee may not, without the leave of the Court,
proceed with the action unless the proprietor is either joined as a plaintiff or
added as a defendant but this does not affect the granting of interlocutory
relief on an application by a licensee alone.
(5) A proprietor who is added as a defendant as mentioned in
subsection (4) above shall not be made liable for any costs in the action
unless he takes part in the proceedings.
(6) In infringement proceedings brought by the proprietor of a
registered trade mark, any loss suffered or likely to be suffered by licensees
shall be taken into account; and the Court may give such directions as it
thinks fit as to the extent to which the plaintiff is to hold the proceeds of any
pecuniary remedy on behalf of licensees.
(7) The provisions of this section apply in relation to an exclusive
licensee if or to the extent that he has, by virtue of section 44 (1), the rights
and remedies of an assignee as if he were the proprietor of the registered
trade mark.
44.-(1) An exclusive licence may provide that the licensee shall have, to
such extent as may be provided by the licence, the same rights and
remedies in respect of matters occurring after the grant of the licence as if
the licence had been an assignment and, where or to the extent that such
provision is made, the licensee is entitled, subject to the provisions of the
licence and to the following provisions of this section, to bring infringement
proceedings against any person other than the proprietor, in his own name.
(2) Any such rights and remedies of an exclusive licensee are con-
current with those of the proprietor of the registered trade mark; and
references to the proprietor of a registered trade mark in the provisions of
this Act relating to infringement shall be construed accordingly.
(3) In an action brought by an exclusive licensee by virtue of this
section, a defendant may avail himself of any defence which would have
been available to him if the action had been brought by the proprietor of the
registered trade mark.
(4) Where proceedings for infringement of a registered trade mark
brought by the proprietor or an exclusive licensee relate wholly or partly to
an infringement in respect of which they have concurrent rights of action, the
proprietor or, as the case may be, the exclusive licensee may not, without
the leave of the Court, proceed with the action unless the other is either
joined as a plaintiff or added as a defendant but this does not affect the
granting of interlocutory relief on an application by a proprietor or an
exclusive licensee alone.
(5) A person who is added as a defendant as mentioned in
subsection (4) shall not be made liable for any costs in the action unless he
takes part in the proceedings.
Exclusive licensee
having rights and
remedies of
assignee.
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(6) Where an action for infringement of a registered trade mark is
brought which relates wholly or partly to an infringement in respect of which
the proprietor and an exclusive licensee have or had concurrent rights of
action :-
(a) the Court shall in assessing damages take into account-
(i) the terms of the licence; and
(ii) any pecuniary remedy already awarded or
available to either of them in respect of the
infringement;
(b) no account of profits shall be directed if an award of
damages has been made, or an account of profits has
been directed, in favour of the other of them in respect
of the infringement; and
(c) the Court shall if an account of profits is directed,
apportion the profits between them as the Court
considers just, subject to any agreement between them:
Provided that the provisions of this subsection apply whether or not
the proprietor and the exclusive licensee are both parties to the action; and if
they are not both parties the Court may give such directions as it thinks fit as
to the extent to which the party to the proceedings is to hold the proceeds of
any pecuniary remedy on behalf of the other.
(7) The proprietor of a registered trade mark shall notify any
exclusive licensee who has a concurrent right of action before applying for an
order under section 51 (order for delivery up); and the Court may on the
application of the licensee make such order under that section as it thinks fit
having regard to the terms of the licence.
(8) The provisions of subsections (4) to (7) above have effect
subject to any agreement to the contrary between the exclusive licensee and
the proprietor.
Surrender, Revocation and Invalidity
45.-(1) A registered trade mark may be surrendered by the proprietor in
respect of some or all of the goods or services for which it is registered.
(2) Provision may be made by Rules:-
(a) as to the manner and effect of a surrender; and
(b) for protecting the interests of other persons having a
right in the registered trade mark.
46.-(1) The registration of a trade mark may be revoked on any of the
following grounds:-
(a) that within the period of five years following the date of
completion of the registration procedure it has not been
put to genuine use in Belize by the proprietor or with
his consent, in relation to the goods or services for
which it is registered, and there are no proper reasons
for non-use;
(b) that such use has been suspended for an uninterrupted
period of five years, and there are no proper reasons
for non-use;
(c) that, in consequence of the acts or inactivity of the
proprietor, it has become the common name in the
trade for a product or service for which it is registered;
Surrender of
registered trade
mark.
Revocation of
registration.
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(d) that in consequence of the use made of it by the
proprietor or with his consent in relation to the goods or
services for which it is registered, it is liable to mislead
the public, particularly as to the nature, quality or
geographical origin of those goods or services.
(2) For the purposes of subsection (1), “use of a trade mark”
includes use in a form differing in elements which do not alter the distinctive
character of the mark in the form in which it was registered, and use in Belize
includes affixing the trade mark to goods or to the packaging of goods in
Belize solely for export purposes.
(3) The registration of a trade mark shall not be revoked on the
ground mentioned in subsection (1) (a) or (b) above if such use as is referred
to in those paragraphs is commenced or resumed after the expiry of the five
year period and before the application for revocation is made:
Provided that, any such commencement or resumption of use after the
expiry of the five year period but within the period of three months before the
making of the application shall be disregarded unless preparations for the
commencement or resumption began before the proprietor became aware
that the application might be made.
(4) An application for revocation may be made by any person, and
may be made either to the Registrar or to the Court, except that:-
(a) if proceedings concerning the trade mark in question are
pending in the Court, the application must be made to
the Court; and
(b) if in any other case the application is made to the
Registrar, he may at any stage of the proceedings refer
the application to the Court.
(5) Where grounds for revocation exist in respect of only some of
the goods or services for which the trade mark is registered, revocation shall
relate to those goods or services only.
(6) Where the registration of a trade mark is revoked to any
extent, the rights of the proprietor shall be deemed to have ceased to that
extent as from:-
(a) the date of the application for revocation; or
(b) if the Registrar or Court is satisfied that the grounds for
revocation existed at an earlier date, that date.
47.-(1) The registration of a trade mark may be declared invalid on the
ground that the trade mark was registered in breach of section 35 or any of
the provisions referred to in that section (absolute grounds for refusal of
registration) but where the trade mark was registered in breach of
subsection (1) (b), (c), or (d) of that section, it shall not be declared invalid
if, in consequence of the use which has been made of it, it has after
registration acquired a distinctive character in relation to the goods or
services for which it is registered.
(2) The registration of a trade mark may be declared invalid on the
ground:-
(a) that there is an earlier trade mark in relation to which
the conditions set out in section 37 (1), (2) or (3)
obtain; or
(b) that there is an earlier right in relation to which the
condition set out in section 37 (4) is satisfied, unless the
proprietor of that earlier trade mark or other earlier
right has consented to the registration.
Grounds for
invalidity of
registration.
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the Government of Belize.
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(3) An application for a declaration of invalidity may be made by
any person, and may be made either to the Registrar or to the Court, except
that:-
(a) if proceedings concerning the trade mark in question are
pending in the Court, the application shall be made to
the Court; and
(b) if in any other case the application is made to the
Registrar, he may at any stage of the proceedings refer
the application to the Court.
(4) In the case of bad faith in the registration of a trade mark, the
Registrar himself may apply to the Court for a declaration of the invalidity of
the registration.
(5) Where the grounds of invalidity exist in respect of only some of
the goods or services for which the trade mark is registered, the trade mark
shall be declared invalid as regards those goods or services only.
(6) Where the registration of a trade mark is declared invalid to any
extent, the registration shall to that extent be deemed never to have been
made:
Provided that this shall not affect transactions past and closed.
48.-(1) Where the proprietor of an earlier trade mark or other earlier right
has acquiesced for a continuous period of five years in the use of a registered
trade mark in Belize, being aware of that use, there shall cease to
be any entitlement on the basis of that earlier trade mark or other right:-
(a) to apply for a declaration that the registration of the later
trade mark is invalid; or
Effect of
acquiescence of
earlier trade
mark.
(b) to oppose the use of the later trade mark in relation to
the goods or services in relation to which it has been so
used,
unless the registration of the later trade mark was applied for in bad faith.
(2) Where subsection (1) applies, the proprietor of the later trade
mark is not entitled to oppose the use of the earlier trade mark, or as the
case may be, the exploitation of the earlier right, notwithstanding that the
earlier trade mark or right may no longer be invoked against his later trade
mark.
Infringement Proceedings
49.-(1) An infringement of a registered trade mark is actionable by the
proprietor of the trade mark.
(2) In an action for infringement, all such relief by way of damages,
injunctions, accounts or otherwise is available to him as is available in
respect of the infringement of any other property right.
50.-(1) Where a person is found to have infringed a registered trade mark,
the Court may make an order requiring him:-
(a) to cause the offending sign to be erased, removed or
obliterated from any infringing goods, material or
articles in his possession, custody or control; or
(b) if it is not reasonably practicable for the offending sign
to be erased, removed or obliterated, to secure the
destruction of the infringing goods, material or articles
in question.
(2) If an order under subsection (1) is not complied with, or it
Action for
infringement.
Order of erasure,
etc., of offending
sign.
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Belmopan, by the authority of
the Government of Belize.
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appears to the Court likely that such an order would not be complied with,
the Court may order that the infringing goods, material or articles be
delivered to such person as the Court may direct for erasure, removal or
obliteration of the sign, or for destruction, as the case may be.
51.-(1) The proprietor of a registered trade mark may apply to the Court for
an order for the delivery up to him, or such other person as the Court may
direct, of any material or infringing goods, articles which a person has in his
possession, custody or control in the course of a business.
(2) An application shall not be made after the end of the period
specified in section 53 (period after which remedy for delivery up not
available); and no order shall be made unless the Court also makes, or it
appears to the Court that there are grounds for making, an order under
section 54 (order as to disposal of infringing goods, etc.).
(3) A person to whom any infringing goods, material or articles are
delivered up in pursuance of an order under this section shall, if an order
under section 54 is not made, retain them pending the making of such order,
or the decision not to make an order under that section.
(4) Nothing in this section affects any other power of the Court.
52.-(1) In this Act, the expression “infringing goods”, “infringing material”
and “infringing articles” shall be construed as provided in the next following
subsections.
(2) Goods are “infringing goods” in relation to a trade mark, if they
or their packaging bear a sign identical or similar to that mark and:-
(a) the application of the sign to the goods or their
packaging was an infringement of the registered trade
mark; or
Order for
delivery up of
infringing goods,
material or
articles.
Meaning of
“infringing
goods, material
or articles”.
(b) the goods are proposed to be imported into Belize and
the application of the sign in Belize to them or their
packaging would be an infringement of the registered
trade mark; or
(c) the sign has otherwise been used in relation to the
goods in such a way as to infringe the registered trade
mark.
(3) Nothing in subsection (2) shall be construed as affecting the
importation of goods which may lawfully be imported into Belize by virtue of
any law.
(4) Material is “infringing material”, in relation to a registered trade
mark if it bears a sign identical or similar to that mark and either:-
(a) it is used for labeling or packaging goods, as a business
paper, or for advertising goods or services, in such a
way as to infringe the registered trade mark; or
(b) it is intended to be so used and such use would infringe
the registered trade mark.
(5) “Infringing articles”, in relation to a registered trade mark,
means articles:-
(a) which are specifically designed or adapted for making
copies of a sign identical or similar to that mark; and
(b) which a person has in his possession, custody or
control, knowing or having reason to believe that they
have been or are to be used to produce infringing
goods or material.
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Belmopan, by the authority of
the Government of Belize.
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53.-(1) An application for an order under section 51 (order for delivery up
of infringing goods, material or articles) may not be made after the end of the
period of six years from:-
(a) in the case of infringing goods, the date on which the
trade mark was applied to the goods or their packaging;
(b) in the case of infringing material, the date on which the
trade mark was applied to the material; or
(c) in the case of infringing articles, the date on which they
were made,
except as mentioned in the next following provisions.
(2) If during the whole or part of that period the proprietor of the
registered trade mark:-
(a) is under a disability; or
(b) is prevented by fraud or concealment from discovering
the facts entitling him to apply for an order,
an application may be made at any time before the end of the period of six
years from the date on which he ceased to be under such disability or, as the
case may be, could with reasonable diligence have discovered those facts.
(3) In subsection (2), “disability” has the same meaning as in sec-
tion 28 of the Limitation Act.
54.-(1) Where infringing goods, material or articles have been delivered up
in pursuance of an order under section 51, an application may be made to the
Court:-
Period after
which remedy for
delivery up not
available.
CAP. 170.
Order as to
disposal of
infringing goods,
material or
articles.
(a) for an order that they be destroyed or forfeited to such
person as the Court may think fit; or
(b) for a decision that no such order should be made.
(2) In considering what order (if any) should be made, the Court
shall consider whether other remedies available in an action for infringement
of the registered trade mark would be adequate to compensate the
proprietor and any licensee and protect their interests.
(3) Provision shall be made by Rules of Court as to the service of
notice on persons having an interest in the goods, material or articles, and
any such person is entitled:-
(a) to appear in proceedings for an order under this
section, whether or not he was served with notice; and
(b) to appeal against any order made, whether or not he
appeared,
and an order shall not take effect until the end of the period within which
notice of an appeal may be given or, if before the end of that period notice
of appeal is duly given, until the final determination or abandonment of the
proceedings on the appeal.
(4) Where there is more than one person interested in the goods,
material or articles, the Court shall make such order as it thinks just.
(5) If the Court decides that no order should be made under this
section, the person in whose possession, custody or control the goods,
material or articles were before being delivered up is entitled to their return.
(6) References in this section to a person having an interest in
goods, material or articles include any person in whose favour an order
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would or may be made under this section.
55.-(1) Where a person threatens another with proceedings for infringement
of a registered trade mark other than:-
(a) the application of the mark to goods or their packaging;
(b) the importation of goods to which, or to the packaging
of which, the mark has been applied; or
(c) the supply of services under the mark;
any person aggrieved may bring proceedings for relief under this section.
(2) The relief which may be applied for is any of the following:-
(a) a declaration that the threats are unjustifiable;
(b) an injunction against the continuance of the threats;
(c) damages in respect of any loss he has sustained by the
threats,
and the plaintiff is entitled to such relief unless the defendant shows that the
acts in respect of which proceedings were threatened constitute (or if done
would constitute) an infringement of the registered trade mark concerned.
(3) If that is shown by the defendant, the plaintiff is nevertheless
entitled to relief if he shows that the registration of the trade mark is invalid or
liable to be revoked in a relevant respect.
(4) The mere notification that a trade mark is registered, or that an
application for registration has been made, does not constitute a threat of
proceedings for the purposes of this section.
Remedy for
groundless
threats of
infringement
proceedings.
Priority
56.-(1) A person who has duly filed an application for protection of a trade
mark in a Convention country (a “Convention application”), or his successor
in title, has a right to priority, for the purposes of registering the same trade
mark under this Act for some or all of the same goods or services, for a
period of six months from the date of filing of the first such application.
(2) If the application for registration under this Act is made within
that six-month period:-
(a) the relevant date for the purposes of establishing which
rights take precedence shall be the date of filing of the
first Convention application; and
(b) the registrability of the trade mark shall not be affected
by any use of the mark in Belize in the period between
that date and the date of the application under this Act.
(3) Any filing which in a Convention country is equivalent to a
regular national filing, under its domestic legislation or an international
agreement, shall be treated as giving rise to the right of priority.
(4) A “regular national filing” means a filing which is adequate to
establish the date on which the application was filed in that country,
whatever may be the subsequent fate of the application.
(5) A subsequent application concerning the same subject as the
first Convention application, filed in the same Convention country, shall be
considered the first Convention application (of which the filing date is the
starting date of the period of priority), if at the time of the subsequent
application:-
(a) the previous application has been withdrawn,
Claim to priority
of Convention
application.
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Belmopan, by the authority of
the Government of Belize.
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abandoned or refused, without having been laid open, to
public inspection and without leaving any rights
outstanding; and
(b) it has not yet served as a basis for claiming a right of
priority.
The previous application may not thereafter serve as a basis for claiming a
right of priority.
(5) Provision may be made by Rules as to the manner of claiming a
right to priority on the basis of a Convention application.
(6) A right to priority arising as a result of a Convention application
may be assigned or otherwise transmitted, either with the application or
independently and the reference in subsection (1) to the applicant’s successor
in title shall be construed accordingly.
Collective Marks
57. The provisions of this Act apply to collective marks subject to the
provisions of the First Schedule.
Certification Marks
58. The provisions of this Act apply to certification marks subject to the
provisions of the Second Schedule.
Collective marks.
First Schedule.
Certification
marks.
Second Schedule.
PART IV
International Matters
The Paris Convention and Other International Arrangements
59. The provisions of any international treaty in respect of trade marks,
collective marks and certification marks to which Belize is party shall apply
to matters dealt with by this Act and, in case of conflict with the provisions
of this Act, shall prevail over the latter.
60.-(1) The Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property of
March 20th 1883, as revised or amended from time to time, the Regulations
made thereunder, and the Administrative Instructions made under those
Regulations shall be given full effect.
(2) Where reference is made in this Act to the Paris Convention,
such reference shall include the Regulations and Administrative Instructions
referred to subsection (1).
(3) Where the provisions of this Act and the Regulations made
thereunder conflict with those of the Paris Convention, the provisions of the
Paris Convention shall prevail.
61.-(1) References in this Act to a trade mark which is entitled to
protection under the Paris Convention as a well-known trade mark are to a
mark which is well-known in Belize as being the mark of a person who:-
(a) is a national of a Convention country; or
(b) is domiciled in, or has a real and effective industrial or
commercial establishment in, a Convention country,
whether or not that person carries on business, or has any goodwill, in
Application of
treaties.
The Paris
Convention.
Protection of well-
known trade mark:
Article 6bis of
Paris Convention.
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Trade Marks [CAP. 257
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Belize, and references to the proprietor of such a mark shall be construed
accordingly.
(2) The proprietor of a trade mark which is entitled to protection
under the Paris Convention as a well known trade mark is entitled to restrain
by injunction the use in Belize of a trade mark which, or the essential part of
which, is identical or similar to his mark, in relation to identical or similar
goods or services, where the use is likely to cause confusion, but this right is
subject to section 48 (effect of acquiescence by proprietor of earlier trade
mark).
(3) Nothing in subsection (2) affects the continuation of any bona
fide use of a trade mark begun before the commencement of this section.
62.-(1) A trade mark which consists of or contains the flag of a Convention
country shall not be registered without the authorisation of the competent
authorities of that country, unless it appears to the Registrar that use of the
flag in the manner proposed is permitted without such authorisation.
(2) A trade mark which consists of or contains the armorial bearings
or any other state emblem of a Convention country which is protected under
the Paris Convention shall not be registered without the authorisation of the
competent authorities of that country.
(3) A trade mark which consists of or contains an official sign or
hallmark adopted by a Convention country and indicating control and
warranty shall not, where the sign or hallmark is protected under the Paris
Convention, be registered in relation to goods or services of the same, or a
similar kind, as those in relation to which it indicates control and warranty,
without the authorisation of the competent authorities of the country
concerned.
(4) The provisions of this section as to national flags and other state
emblems, and official signs or hallmarks, apply equally to anything which from
National emblems,
etc., of Conven-
tion countries:
Article 6ter of
Paris Convention.
a heraldic point of view imitates any such flag or other emblem, or sign or
hallmark.
(5) Nothing in this section prevents the registration of a trade mark
on the application of a national of a country who is authorised to make use
of a state emblem, or official sign or hallmark, of that country,
notwithstanding that it is similar to that of another country.
(6) Where by virtue of this section the authorisation of the
competent authorities of a Convention country is or would be required for
the registration of a trade mark; those authorities are entitled to restrain by
injunction any use of the mark in Belize without their authorisation.
63.-(1) This section applies to:-
(a) the armorial bearings, flags or other emblems; and
(b) the abbreviations and names,
of international intergovernmental organisations of which one or more
Convention countries are members.
(2) A trade mark which consists of or contains any such emblem,
abbreviation or name which is protected under the Paris Convention shall
not be registered without the authorisation of the international organisation
concerned, unless it appears to the Registrar that the use of the emblem,
abbreviation or name in the manner proposed:-
(a) is not such as to suggest to the public that a connection
exists between the organisation and the trade mark; or
(b) is not likely to mislead the public as to the existence of
a connection between the use and the organisation.
Emblems, etc., of
certain interna-
tional organisa-
tions: Article 6ter
of Paris
Convention.
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Belmopan, by the authority of
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(3) The provisions of this section as to emblems of an international
organisation apply equally to anything which from a heraldic point of view
imitates any such emblem.
(4) Where by virtue of this section the authorisation of an interna-
tional organisation is or would be required for the registration of a trade
mark, that organisation is entitled to restrain by injunction any use of the mark
in Belize without its authorisation.
(5) Nothing in this section affects the rights of a person whose bona
fide use of the trade mark in question began before the day when the
relevant provisions of the Paris Convention entered into force in relation to
Belize.
64.-(1) For the purposes of section 62, state emblems of a Convention
country (other than the national flag), and official signs or hallmarks, shall be
regarded as protected under the Paris Convention only if, or to the extent
that:-
(a) the country in question has notified Belize in accor-
dance with Article 6ter (3) of the Convention that it
desires to protect that emblem, sign or hallmark;
(b) the notification remains in force; and
(c) Belize has not objected to it in accordance with Article
6ter (4) or any such objection has been withdrawn.
(2) For the purposes of section 62, the emblems, abbreviations and
names of an international organisations shall be regarded as protected under
the Paris Convention only if, or to the extent that:-
(a) the organisation in question has notified Belize in
accordance with Article 6ter (3) of the Convention that
Notification
under Article
6ter of the Paris
Convention.
it desires to protect that emblem, abbreviation or name;
(b) the notification remains in force, and
(c) Belize has not objected to it in accordance with Article
6ter (4) or any such objection has been withdrawn
(3) Notification under Article 6ter (3) of the Paris Convention shall
have effect only in relation to applications for registration made more than
two months after the receipt of the notification.
(4) The Registrar shall keep and make available for public inspec-
tion by any person, at all reasonable hours and free of charge, a list of:-
(a) the state emblems and official signs or hallmarks; and
(b) the emblems, abbreviations and names of international
organisations,
which are for the time being protected under the Paris Convention by virtue
of notification under Article 6ter (3).
65.-(1) The following provisions apply where an application for registration
of a trade mark is made by a person who is an agent or representative of a
person who is the proprietor of the mark in a Convention country.
(2) If the proprietor opposes the application, registration shall be
refused.
(3) If the application (not being so opposed) is granted, the
proprietor may -
(a) apply for a declaration of the invalidity of the
registration; or
Acts of agent or
representative:
Article 6septies of
the Paris
Convention.
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Belmopan, by the authority of
the Government of Belize.
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(b) apply for the rectification of the register so as to
substitute his name as the proprietor of the registered
trade mark.
(4) The proprietor may (notwithstanding the rights conferred by this
Act in relation to a registered trade mark) by injunction restrain any use of the
trade mark in Belize which is not authorised by him.
(5) Subsections (2), (3) and (4) do not apply if, or to the extent that,
the agent or representative justifies his action.
(6) An application under subsection (3) (a) or (b) shall be made
within three years of the proprietor becoming aware of the registration; and
no injunction shall be granted under subsection (4) in respect of a use in
which the proprietor has acquiesced for a continuous period of three years or
more.
66.-(1) Judicial notice shall be taken of the Paris Convention or any other
Treaty relating to trade marks, collective marks and certification marks to
which Belize may become a party, and of any bulletin, journal or gazette
published under such Convention or Treaty.
(2) Any document referred to in any such bulletin, journal or gazette
shall be admissible as evidence of any instrument or other act thereby
communicated, or of any institution established by or having functions under
any Convention or Treaty referred to in subsection (1) above.
Judicial notice of
certain treaties.
PART V
Legal and General
Legal Proceedings
67. In all legal proceedings relating to a registered trade mark (including
proceedings for rectification of the register) the registration of a person as
proprietor of a trade mark shall be prima facie evidence of the validity of
the original registration and of any subsequent assignment or other
transmission of it.
68.-(1) If in the proceedings before the Court the validity of the registration
of a trade mark is contested and it is found by the Court that the trade mark
is validly registered, the Court may give a certificate to that effect.
(2) If the Court gives such a certificate and in subsequent
proceedings-
(a) the validity of the registration is again questioned; and
(b) the proprietor obtains a final order or judgment in his
favour,
he is entitled to his costs as between attorney and client unless the Court
directs otherwise but this subsection does not extend to the costs of an
appeal in any such proceedings.
69.-(1) In proceedings before the Court involving an application for:-
(a) the revocation of the registration of a trade mark;
(b) a declaration of the invalidity of the registration of a
trade mark; or
Registration to be
prima facie
evidence of
validity.
Certificate of
validity of
contested
registration.
Registrar’s
appearance in
proceedings
involving the
register.
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(c) the rectification of the register,
the Registrar is entitled to appear and be heard if so directed by the Court.
(2) Unless otherwise directed by the Court, the Registrar may
instead of appearing submit to the Court a statement in writing signed by him
giving particulars of :–
(a) any proceedings before him in relation to the matter in
issue;
(b) the grounds of any decision given by him affecting it;
(c) the practice of the Intellectual Property Office in like
cases; or
(d) such matters relevant to the issues and within his
knowledge as Registrar as he thinks fit,
and the statement shall be deemed to form part of the evidence in the
proceedings.
(3) Any thing which the Registrar is or may be authorised or
required to do under this section may be done on his behalf by a duly
authorised officer of the staff of the Intellectual Property Office.
70.-(1) An appeal lies to the Court from any decision of the Registrar under
this Act.
(2) For the purposes of this section, “decision of the Registrar”
includes any act of the Registrar in exercise of a discretion vested in him by
or under this Act.
Appeals from
decisions of the
Registrar.
71.-(1) The Minister may make Rules:-
(a) for the purpose of any provision of this Act authorising
the making of Rules with respect to any matter; and
(b) for prescribing anything authorised or required by any
provision of this Act to be prescribed,
and generally for regulating practice and procedure under this Act.
(2) Provision may, in particular, be made-
(a) as to the manner of filing of applications and other
documents;
(b) requiring and regulating the translation of documents
and the filing and authentication of any translation;
(c) as to the service of documents;
(d) authorising the rectification of irregularities of
procedure;
(e) prescribing time limits for anything required to be done
in connection with any proceeding under this Act;
(f) providing for the extension of any time limit so
prescribed, or specified by the Registrar, whether or
not it has already expired.
(2) Provision may be made by Rules as to-
(a) the payment of a single fee in respect of two or more
matters; and
Power of Minister
to make Rules.
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(b) the circumstances (if any) in which a fee may be repaid
or remitted.
72.-(1) The Registrar may give directions specifying the hours of business of
the Intellectual Property Office for the purpose of the transaction by the
public of business under this Act, and the days which are business days for
that purpose.
(2) Business done on any day after the specified hours of business,
or on a day which is not a business day, shall be deemed to have been done
on the next business day; and where the time for doing anything under this
Act expires on a day which is not business day, that time shall be extended to
the next business day.
(3) Directions under this section may make different provision for
different classes of business and shall be published in the prescribed manner.
73.-(1) Every applicant for the registration of a trade mark, certification
mark or collective mark in the register whose ordinary residence or principal
place of business is outside Belize shall be represented by an attorney-at-law
who is resident in Belize and practicing in Belize in accordance with the
relevant law.
(2) The Minister may make Rules requiring the keeping of a register
of persons who act as agents for other persons for the purpose of applying
for or obtaining the registration of trade marks; and references in this Act to
“trade mark agent” or “agent” shall be construed, unless the context
otherwise requires, to be references to persons whose names are entered in
the register pursuant to this subsection.
(3) The Rules may require the payment of fees by persons requiring
to be registered as agents.
(4) No person who is not an agent shall carry on business under any
Hours of
business of
Intellectual
Property Office.
Agents.
name, description or style which contains the words “registered trade mark
agent” or hold himself out or otherwise describe himself as such an agent.
(5) A person who contravenes subsection (4) above commits an
offence and is liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding five
thousand dollars or to imprisonment for a period not exceeding three years,
or to both such fine and period of imprisonment.
74.-(1) The proprietor of a registered trade mark, or a licensee, may give
notice in writing to the Comptroller of Customs :-
(a) that he is the proprietor or, as the case may be, a
licensee, of the registered trade mark;
(b) that, at a time and place specified in the notice, goods
which are, in relation to that registered trade mark,
infringing goods, material or articles are expected to
arrive in Belize; and
(c) that he requests the Comptroller of Customs to treat
them as prohibited goods.
(2) When a notice is in force under this section the importation of
the goods to which the notice relates, otherwise than by a person for his
private and domestic use, is prohibited; but a person is not by reason of the
prohibition liable to any penalty other than forfeiture of the goods.
(3) The proprietor of a registered trade mark, or a licensee who
gives notice to the Comptroller of Customs pursuant to subsection (1)
above shall comply with such conditions with respect to:-
(a) the form of the notice;
(b) the furnishing of evidence;
Provision
restricting
importation of
infringing goods.
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(c) the payment of fees in respect of the notice;
(d) the giving of security in respect of any liability or
expense which the Comptroller may incur in
consequence of the notice by reason of the detention of
any article or anything done to a detained article;
(e) the indemnification of the Comptroller against any
liability or expenses, whether security has been given or
not; and
(f) any other incidental or supplementary matters, as may
be prescribed, and different provisions may be
prescribed for different classes or cases.
(4) Notwithstanding anything in the Customs Regulation Act, a
person shall not be liable to any penalty under that Act (other than the for-
feiture of the goods) by reason only that any goods are treated as prohibited
goods by virtue of this section.
Offences
75.-(1) A person commits an offence who with a view to gain for himself or
another, or with intent to cause a loss to another, and without the consent of
the proprietor:-
(a) applies to goods or their packaging a sign identical to,
or likely to be mistaken for, a registered trade mark; or
(b) sells or lets for hire, offers or exposes for sale or hire or
distribute goods which bear, or the packaging of which
bears, such a sign; or
CAP. 49.
Unauthorised use
of trade mark, etc.,
in relation to
goods.
(c) has in his possession, custody or control in the course
of a business any such goods with a view to the doing
of anything, by himself or another, which would be an
offence under paragraph (b) above.
(2) A person commits an offence who with a view to gain for
himself or another, or with intent to cause loss to another, and without the
consent of the proprietor:-
(a) applies a sign identical to, or likely to be mistaken for, a
registered trade mark; to material intended to be used:-
(i) for labelling or packaging goods;
(ii) as a business paper in relation to goods; or
(iii) for advertising goods; or
(b) uses in the course of a business material bearing such a
sign for labelling or packaging goods, as a business
paper in relation to goods, or for advertising goods; or
(c) has in his possession, custody or control in the course
of a business any such material with a view to the doing
of anything by himself or another, which would be an
offence under paragraph (b).
(3) A person commits an offence who with a view to gain for
himself or another, or with intent to cause loss to another, and without the
consent of the proprietor:-
(a) makes an article specifically designed or adapted for
making copies of a sign identical to, or likely to be
mistaken for, a registered trade mark; or
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No. 1 Power Lane,
Belmopan, by the authority of
the Government of Belize.
Trade Marks [CAP. 257
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(b) has such an article in his possession, custody or control
in the course of a business,
knowing or having reason to believe that it has been, or is to be, used to
produce goods, material for labelling or packaging goods, as a business
paper in relation to goods, or for advertising goods.
(4) A person does not commit an offence under this section unless:-
(a) the goods are goods in respect of which the trade mark
is registered; or
(b) the trade mark has a reputation in Belize and the use of
the sign takes or would take unfair advantage of, or is or
would be detrimental to, the distinctive character or the
repute of the trade mark.
(5) It is a defence for a person charged with an offence under this
section to show that he believed on reasonable grounds that the use of the
sign in the manner in which it was used, or was to be used, was not an
infringement of the registered trade mark.
(6) A person guilty of an offence under this section is liable on
summary conviction to a fine not exceeding fifteen thousand dollars or to
imprisonment for a period not exceeding ten years; and where the offence
continues after the first conviction, to a further fine of one hundred dollars for
every day such offence continues, or in default of payment of the fine to
imprisonment for a period of ten days for every day such offence continues.
76.-(1) It is an offence for a person to make, or cause to be made, a false
entry in the register of trade marks, knowing or having reason to believe that
it is false.
(2) It is an offence for a person:-
Falsification of
register, etc.
(a) to make or cause to be made anything falsely
purporting to be a copy or an extract of an entry in the
register; or
(b) to produce or tender or cause to be produced or
tendered in evidence any such thing,
knowing or having reason to believe that it is false.
(3) A person guilty of an offence under this section shall be liable
on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding ten thousand dollars or to
imprisonment for a period not exceeding five years, or to both such fine and
period of imprisonment.
77.-(1) It is an offence for a person –
(a) falsely to represent that a mark is a registered trade
mark ;or
(b) to make a false representation as to the goods or
services for which a trade mark is registered.
(2) For the purposes of this section, the use in Belize in relation to
a trade mark -
(a) of the word “registered”; or
(b) of any other word or symbol importing a reference
(express or implied) to registration,
shall be deemed to be a representation as to registration under this Act
unless it is shown that the reference is to registration elsewhere than in
Belize and that the trade mark is in fact so registered for the goods or
services in question.
Falsely
representing trade
mark as
registered.
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Belmopan, by the authority of
the Government of Belize.
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(3) A person guilty of an offence under this section shall be liable on
summary conviction to a fine not exceeding eight thousand dollars or to
imprisonment for a period not exceeding four years, or to both such fine and
period of imprisonment.
77.-(1) Where an offence is committed under this Act by a body corporate,
every person who at the material time was a Director, Manager, Secretary or
other similar officer of the body corporate, or any person purporting to act in
such capacity shall be liable to be proceeded against and punished
accordingly unless he proves that the offence was committed without his
knowledge or connivance, or that he tried to prevent the commission of the
offence.
(2) Subsection (1) shall, mutatis mutandis, apply in respect of
partners in a partnership for offences committed by a partnership under this
Act.
(3) A fine imposed on a partnership on its conviction under this Act
shall be paid out of the partnership assets.
79.-(1) Any police officer may:-
(a) subject to the provisions of this Act, enter and search
any premises or place, for goods which, or the
packaging of which, bears a sign identical to or likely to
be mistaken for a registered trade mark; or for material
bearing such a sign and intended to be used for labelling
or packaging goods, as a business paper in relation to
goods, or for advertising goods, or for articles
specifically designed or adapted for making copies of
such sign;
(b) stop, board and search any vessel (other than a ship of
war) or any aircraft (other than a military aircraft) for
Offences by
body corporate
or partnership.
Powers of police
officers.
goods referred to in paragraph (a) above;
(c) stop and search any vehicle, in which he reasonably
suspects that there are the goods referred to in
paragraph (a) above;
(d) seize, remove or detain any goods referred to in
paragraph (a) above found by him pursuant to this
subsection.
(2) Any police officer may:-
(a) break open any outer or inner door of any place which
he is empowered or authorized by this Act to enter and
search ;
(b) forcibly board any vessel, aircraft or vehicle which he is
empowered by this Act to stop, board and search;
(c) remove by force any person or thing obstructing him in
the exercise of any power conferred on him by this Act;
(d) detain any person found in any place which he is
empowered or authorised by this Act to search until
such place has been searched;
(e) detain any vessel or aircraft which he is empowered by
this Act to stop, board and search, and prevent any
person from approaching or boarding such vessel or
aircraft until it has been searched;
(f) detain any vehicle which he is empowered by this Act
to stop and search until it has been searched.
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No. 1 Power Lane,
Belmopan, by the authority of
the Government of Belize.
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80.-(1) No domestic premises shall be entered and searched by a police
officer unless a magistrate has issued a warrant under subsection (2) below.
(2) A magistrate may, if he is satisfied by information on oath that
there are reasonable grounds for suspecting that there is in any domestic
premises any article which may be seized, removed or detained under any
provision of this Act, issue a warrant authorising a police office to enter and
search the premises.
(3) A police officer authorised under subsection (2) above to enter
and search any premises may call upon any police officer to assist him in
entering and searching the premises.
(4) In this section, “domestic premises” means any premises or any
part thereof , used exclusively or mainly as a dwelling house.
81.-(1) Without prejudice to any other written law, any person who:-
(a) wilfully obstructs a police officer in the exercise of his
powers or the performance of his duties under this Act;
(b) wilfully fails to comply with any requirements properly
made to him by any such police officer; or
(c) without reasonable excuse, fails to give such police
officer any other assistance which he may reasonably
require to be given for the purpose of exercising his
powers or performing his duties under this Act,
commits an offence and is liable on summary conviction to a fine not
exceeding one thousand dollars or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding
twelve months.
Restrictions on
the entry and
search of
domestic
premises.
Obstruction of
police officers.
(2) A person who, when required to give information to a police
officer in the exercise of his powers or the performance of his duties under
this Act, knowingly gives false or misleading information to any such police
officer, commits an offence and is liable on summary conviction to a fine not
exceeding two thousand dollars or to imprisonment for a period not
exceeding two years.
(3) Nothing in this section shall be construed as requiring any
person to give any information which may incriminate him.
PART VI
Repeals, Savings, Transition
82.-(1) The United Kingdom Trade Marks Act, and the Merchandise
Marks Act shall stand repealed at the commencement of this Act.
(2) Notwithstanding the repeal of the above Acts, all Orders,
Rules, Regulations or any other subsidiary legislation made under the
repealed Acts shall continue in force in so far as they have effect as part of
the law of Belize until revoked by subsidiary legislation made under this Act.
83.-(1) Notwithstanding the repeal of the Acts referred to in section 82 (1)
above, all trade marks registered in Belize pursuant to the United Kingdom
Trade Marks Act and any Rules made thereunder shall, subject to sub-
sections (2) and (3) below, be deemed to have been registered under this
Act.
(2) Trade marks registered pursuant to subsection (1) above shall
remain in force for the unexpired portion of the period of protection
provided under this Act subject to the payment of the prescribed fees or
renewal fees provided in this Act.
Repeals.
CAP. 213,
R.E. 1980-1990.
CAP. 209,
R.E. 1980-1990.
Transitional.
CAP. 213,
R.E. 1980-1990.
Sub. Leg.
1991 Edn.
Vol. V
CAP. 213.
p. 2
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No. 1 Power Lane,
Belmopan, by the authority of
the Government of Belize.
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(3) A person who on the date of the entry into force of this Act has
filed an application in the United Kingdom for the registration of a trade mark
may, within 12 months of the entry into force of this Act, file an application
for the registration of the same trade mark under this Act, and such
application shall be accorded the filing date or priority date accorded to the
application by the United Kingdom Patents Office.
(4) Where, upon the entry into force of this Act, an application
made under the United Kingdom Trade Marks Act and Rules made
thereunder is pending in Belize, such application shall, notwithstanding the
provisions of subsection (1) above, be dealt with under the said United
Kingdom Trade Marks Act and Rules made thereunder, but the grant of
registration shall be subject to this Act.
(5) Notwithstanding subsection (1) above, the United Kingdom
Trade Marks Act shall continue to apply in so far as it is necessary to enable
any person applying for the registration of a United Kingdom registered trade
mark in Belize before this Act comes into force to do so, but any trade mark
thus registered shall be deemed to have been registered under this Act.
(6) On the commencement of this Act, all notices of the ownership
by any person of a trade mark which were previously made under the
Merchandise Marks Act shall cease to have effect in Belize, and such trade
marks shall be registered in accordance with this Act.
(7) The Minister may by Order published in the Gazette make any
further transitional or saving provisions which appear to him to be necessary
or desirable.
84.-(1) This Act shall come into force on a day to be appointed by the
Minister by Order published in the Gazette.
(2) Different days may be appointed for bringing different
CAP. 213, R.E. 1980-1990. Sub. Leg. 1991 Edn. Vol. V CAP. 213. p. 2. CAP. 213.
CAP. 213,
R.E. 1980-1990.
CAP. 209,
R.E. 1980-1990.
Commencement.
provisions into force, or for bringing different purposes of the same
provision into force.
___________
FIRST SCHEDULE
[Sections 2 (1) and 57]
Collective Marks
General
1. The provisions of this Act apply to collective marks subject to the
following provisions.
Signs of which a collective mark may consist
2. In relation to a collective mark, the reference in section 2 (1) (signs
of which a trade mark may consist) to distinguishing goods or services of
one undertaking from those of other undertakings shall be construed as
reference to distinguishing goods or services of members of the association
which is the proprietor of the mark from those of other undertakings.
Indication of geographical origin
3.(1) Notwithstanding section 35 (1) (c), a collective mark may be
registered which consists of signs or indications which may serve, in trade,
to designate the geographical origin of the goods or services.
(2) However, the proprietor of such a mark is not entitled to prohibit
the use of the signs or indications in accordance with honest practices in
industrial or commercial matters (in particular, by a person who is entitled to
use a geographical name).
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No. 1 Power Lane,
Belmopan, by the authority of
the Government of Belize.
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Mark not to be misleading as to character or significance
4.(1) A collective mark shall not be registered if the public is liable to be
misled as regards the character or significance of the mark, in particular, if it
is likely to be taken to be something other than a collective mark.
(2) The Registrar may accordingly require that a mark in respect of
which application is made for registration include some indication that it is a
collective mark, and notwithstanding section 17 (3), an application may be
amended so as to comply with any such requirement.
Regulations governing use of collective mark
5.(1) An applicant for registration of a collective mark shall file with the
Registrar regulations governing the use of the mark.
(2) The regulations shall specify the persons authorised to use the mark,
the conditions of membership of the association and, where they exist, the
conditions of use of the mark, including any sanctions against misuse.
(3) Further requirements with which the regulations have to comply may
be imposed by Rules.
Approval of regulations by Registrar
6.(1) A collective mark shall not be registered unless the regulations
governing the use of the mark:-
(a) comply with paragraph 5 (2) and any further require-
ments imposed by Rules; and
(b) are not contrary to public policy or to accepted
principles of morality.
(2) Before the end of the prescribed period after the date of the
application for registration of a collective mark, the applicant shall file the
regulations with the Registrar and pay the prescribed fee and if he does not
do so, the application shall be deemed to be withdrawn.
(3) The Registrar shall consider whether the requirements mentioned in
subparagraph (1) are met.
(4) If it appears to the Registrar that those requirements are not met, he
shall inform the applicant and give him an opportunity, within such period as
the Registrar may specify, to make representations or to file amended
regulations.
(5) If the applicant fails to satisfy the Registrar that those requirements
are met, or to file regulations amended so as to meet them, or fails to
respond before the end of the specified period, the Registrar shall refuse the
application.
(6) If it appears to the Registrar that those requirements, and other
requirements for registration, are met, he shall accept the application and
shall proceed in accordance with section 16 (publication, oppositioin
proceedings and observations).
(7) The regulations shall be published and notice of opposition may be
given, and observations may be made, relating to the matters mentioned in
this paragraph.
Regulations to be open to inspection
7. The regulations governing the use of a registered collective mark
shall be open to public inspection in the same way as the register.
,
No. 1 Power Lane,
Belmopan, by the authority of
the Government of Belize.
Trade Marks [CAP. 257
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Amendment of regulations
8.(1) An amendment of the regulations governing the use of a registered
collective mark is not effective unless and until the amended regulations are
filed with the Registrar and accepted by him.
(2) Before accepting any amendment regulations the Registrar may in any
case where it appears to him expedient to do so cause them to be published.
(3) If he does so, notice of opposition may be given, and observations
may be made, relating to the matters mentioned in paragraph 6(1).
Infringement: rights of authorised users
9. The following provisions apply in relation to an authorised user of a
registered collective mark as in relation to a licence of a trade mark:-
(a) section 25 (5) (definition of infringement: unauthorised
application of mark to certain material);
(b) section 54 (2) (order as to disposal of infringing goods,
material or articles: adequacy of other remedies);
(c) section 74 (prohibition of importation of infringing
goods, material or articles: request to the Comptroller of
Customs).
10.(1) The following provisions (which correspond to the provisions of
section 43 (general provisions as to the rights of licensees in cases of
infringement)) have effect as regards the right of an authorised user in relation
to infringement of a registered collective mark.
(2) An authorised user is entitled, subject to any agreement to the
contrary between him and the proprietor, to call on the proprietor to take
infringement proceedings in respect of any matter which affects his interests.
(3) If the proprietor:-
(a) refuses to do so; or
(b) fails to do so within two months after being called
upon,
the authorised user may bring the proceedings in his own name as if he were
the proprietor.
(4) Where the infringement proceedings are brought by virtue of this
paragraph, the authorised user may not, without the leave of the Court,
proceed with the action unless the proprietor is either joined as a plaintiff or
added as a defendant but this does not affect the granting of interlocutory
relief on an application by an authorised user alone.
(5) A proprietor who is added as a defendant as mentioned in
subparagraph (4) shall not be made liable for any costs in the action unless
he takes part in the proceedings.
(6) In infringement proceedings brought by the proprietor of a
registered collective mark, any loss suffered or likely to be suffered by
authorised users shall be taken into account; and the Court may give such
directions as it thinks fit as to the extent to which the plaintiff is to hold the
proceeds of any pecuniary remedy on behalf of such users.
Grounds for revocation of registration
11. Apart from the grounds of revocation provided for in section 46, the
registration of a collective mark may be revoked on the ground:-
(a) that the manner in which the mark has been used by the
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No. 1 Power Lane,
Belmopan, by the authority of
the Government of Belize.
Trade Marks [CAP. 257
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proprietor has caused it to become liable to mislead the
public in the manner referred to in paragraph 4 (1); or
(b) that the proprietor has failed to observe, or to secure
the observance of, the regulations governing the use of
the mark; or
(c) that an amendment of the regulations has been made so
that the regulations:-
(i) no longer comply with paragraph 5 (2) and any
further conditions imposed by Rules; or
(ii) are contrary to public policy or to accepted
principles of morality.
Grounds for invalidity of registration
12. Apart from the grounds of invalidity provided for in section 47, the
registration of a collective mark may be declared invalid on the ground that
the mark was registered in breach of the provisions of paragraph 4 (1) or 6
(1).
___________
SECOND SCHEDULE
[Sections 2 (1) and 58]
Certification Marks
General
1. The provisions of this Act apply to certification marks subject to the
following provisions.
Signs of which a certification mark may consist
2. In relation to a certification mark, the reference in section 2 (1)
(signs of which a trade mark may consist) to distinguishing goods or services
of one undertaking from thoseof other undertakings shall be construed as a
reference to distinguishing goods or services which are certified from those
which are not.
Indication of geographical origin
3.(1) Notwithstanding section 34 (1) (c), a certification mark may be
registered which consists of signs or indications which may serve, in trade,
to designate the geographical origin of the goods or services.
(2) However, the proprietor of such a mark is not entitled to prohibit
the use of the signs or indications in accordance with honest practices in
industrial or commercial matters (in particular, by a person who is entitled to
use a geographical name).
Nature of proprietor’s business
4. A certification mark shall not be registered if the proprietor carries
on a business involving the supply of goods or services of the kind certified.
Mark not to be misleading as to character or significance
5.(1) A certification mark shall not be registered if the public is liable to
be misled as regards the character or significance of the mark, in particular if
it is likely to be taken to be something other than a certification mark.
(2) The Registrar may accordingly require that a mark in respect of
which application is made for registration include some indication that it is a
certification mark and notwithstanding section 17 (3) an application may be
amended so as to comply with any such requirement.
,
No. 1 Power Lane,
Belmopan, by the authority of
the Government of Belize.
Trade Marks [CAP. 257
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Regulations governing use of certification mark
6.(1) An applicant for registration of a certification mark shall file with the
Registrar regulations governing the use of the mark.
(2) The regulations shall indicate who is authorised to use the mark, the
characteristics to be certified by the mark, how the certifying body is to test
those characteristics and to supervise the use of the mark, the fees (if any) to
be paid in connection with the operation of the mark and the procedures for
resolving disputes.
(3) Further requirements with which the regulations have to comply may
be imposed by Rules.
Approval of regulations by Registrar
7.(1) A certification mark shall not be registered unless:-
(a) the regulations governing the use of the mark:-
(i) comply with paragraph 6 (2) and any further
requirements imposed by Rules; and
(ii) are not contrary to public policy or to accepted
principles of morality; and
(b) the applicant is competent to certify the goods or
services for which the mark is to be registered.
(2) Before the end of the prescribed period after the date of the
application for registration of a certification mark, the applicant must file the
regulations with the Registrar and pay the prescribed fee, and if he does not
do so, the application shall be deemed to be withdrawn.
(3) The Registrar shall consider whether the requirements mentioned in
subparagraph (1) are met.
(4) If it appears to the Registrar that those requirements are not met, he
shall inform the applicant and give him an opportunity, within such period as
the Registrar may specify, to make representations or to file amended
regulations.
(5) If the applicant fails to satisfy the Registrar that those requirements
are met, or to file regulations amended so as to meet them, or fails to
respond before the end of the specified period, the Registrar shall refuse the
application.
(6) If it appears to the Registrar that those requirements, and other
requirements for registration, are met, he shall accept the application and
shall proceed in accordance with section 16 (publication, opposition
proceedings and observations).
(7) The regulations shall be published and notice of opposition may be
given, and observations may be made, relating to the matters mentioned in
this paragraph, in addition to any other grounds on which the application
may be opposed or observations made.
Regulations to be open to inspection
8. The regulations governing the use of a registered certification mark
shall be open to public inspection in the same way as the register.
Amendment of regulations
9.(1) An amendment of the regulations governing the use of a registered
certification mark is not effective unless and until the amended regulations
are filed with the Registrar and accepted by him.
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Belmopan, by the authority of
the Government of Belize.
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(2) Before accepting any amendment regulations the Registrar may in any
case where it appears to him expedient to do so cause them to be published.
(3) If he does so, notice of opposition may be given, and observations
may be made, relating to the matters mentioned in paragraph 7 (1).
Consent to assignment of registered certification mark
10. The assignment or other transmission of a registered certification
mark is not effective without the consent of the Registrar.
Infringement: rights of authorised users
11. The following provisions apply in relation to an authorised user of a
registered certification mark as in relation to a licence of a trade mark:-
(a) section 25 (5) (definition of infringement: unauthorised
application of mark to certain material);
(b) section 54 (2) (order as to disposal of infringing goods,
material or articles: adequacy of other remedies);
(c) section 74 (prohibition of importation of infringing
goods, material or articles: request to the Comptroller of
Customs).
12. In infringement proceedings brought by the proprietor of a registered
certification mark any loss suffered or like to be be suffered by authorised
users shall be taken into account; and the Court may give such directions as it
thinks fit as to the extent to which the plaintiff is to hold the proceeds of any
pecuniary remedy on behalf of such users.
Grounds for revocation of registration
13. Apart from the grounds of revocation provided for in section 46, the
registration of a certification mark may be revoked on the ground:-
(a) that the proprietor has begun to carry on such a
business as is mentioned in paragraph 4;
(b) that the manner in which the mark has been used by the
proprietor has caused it to become liable to mislead the
public in the manner referred to in paragraph 5 (1);
(c) that the proprietor failed to observe, or to secure the
observance of, the regulations governing the use of the
mark;
(d) that an amendment of the regulations has been made so
that the regulations:-
(i) no longer comply with paragraph 6 (2) and any
further conditions imposed by rules; or
(ii) are contrary to public policy or to accepted
principles of morality; or
(e) that the proprietor is no longer competent to certify the
goods or services for which the mark is registered.
Grounds for invalidity of registration
14. Apart from the grounds of invalidity provided for in section 47, the
registration of a certification mark may be declared invalid on the ground
that the mark was registered in breach of the provisions of paragraph 4, 5
(1) or 6 (3).
