Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule 33/00 – Brake Systems for Motorcycles and Mopeds) 2007
I, JAMES ERIC LLOYD, Minister for Local Government, Territories and Roads, determine this vehicle standard under subsection 7 (1) of the Motor Vehicle Standards Act 1989.
Dated 16 August 2007
[SIGNED]
James Eric Lloyd
Minister for Local Government, Territories and Roads
CONTENTS
1. legislative provisions............................................................................ 3
2. function and SCOPE................................................................................. 3
3. APPLICABILITY................................................................................................ 3
4. DEFINITIONS.................................................................................................... 4
5. REQUIREMENTS............................................................................................... 5
6. Exemption and alternative procedures....................................... 5
7. alternative standards.......................................................................... 5
Appendix A.................................................................................................................... 6
Appendix B.................................................................................................................. 46
1. legislative provisions
1.1. Name of Standard
1.1.1. This Standard is the Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule 33/00 – Brake Systems for Motorcycles and Mopeds) 2007.
1.1.2. This Standard may also be cited as Australian Design Rule 33/00 – Brake Systems for Motorcycles and Mopeds.
1.2. Commencement
1.2.1. This Standard commences on the day after it is registered.
1.3. Repeal
1.3.1 This Standard repeals and replaces Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule 33/00 – Brake Systems for Motorcycles and Mopeds) 2006.
2. function and SCOPE
The function of this vehicle standard is to ensure safe braking under normal and emergency conditions for motorcycles and mopeds.
3. APPLICABILITY
This vehicle standard applies to brake systems designed for vehicles in categories set out in clause 3.2.
3.1. All LEP and LEG category vehicles fitted with separate controls for front and rear service brakes are required to comply with this national standard. Other LEP vehicles must comply with ADR 31/... and other LEG vehicles must comply with ADR 35/...
3.2. Applicability Table
Vehicle Category
ADR Category Code *
UNECE Category Code *
Manufactured on or After
Acceptable Prior Rules
Moped 2 wheels
LA
L1
1 July 1988
Nil
Moped 3 wheels
LB
L2
1 March 1991
Nil
Motor cycle
LC
L3
1 July 1988
Nil
Motor cycle and sidecar
LD
L4
1 July 1988
Nil
Motor tricycle
LE
L5
LEM
1 July 1992
Nil
LEP
1 July 1992
Nil
LEG
1 July 1992
Nil
Passenger car
MA
M1
Not Applicable
Forward-control passenger vehicle
MB
M1
Not Applicable
Off-road passenger vehicle
MC
M1
Not Applicable
Light omnibus
MD
M2
up to 3.5 tonnes ‘GVM’ and up to 12 seats
MD1
Not Applicable
up to 3.5 tonnes ‘GVM’ and more than 12 seats
MD2
Not Applicable
over 3.5 tonnes and up to 4.5 tonnes ‘GVM’
MD3
Not Applicable
over 4.5 tonnes and up to 5 tonnes ‘GVM’
MD4
Not Applicable
Heavy omnibus
ME
M3
Not Applicable
Light goods vehicle
NA
N1
Not Applicable
Medium goods vehicle
NB
N2
over 3.5 tonnes up to 4.5 tonnes ‘GVM’
NB1
Not Applicable
over 4.5 tonnes up to 12 tonnes ‘GVM’
NB2
Not Applicable
Heavy goods vehicle
NC
N3
Not Applicable
Very light trailer
TA
O1
Not Applicable
Light trailer
TB
O2
Not Applicable
Medium trailer
TC
O3
Not Applicable
Heavy trailer
TD
O4
Not Applicable
4. DEFINITIONS
4.1. Refer to Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule Definitions and Vehicle Categories) 2005;
4.1.1. Part A, Subpart 4, Terms defined in the Motor Vehicle Standards Act 1989;
4.1.2. Part B, Subpart 3, Defined Terms for terms written in italics in clause 4.2;
4.1.3. Part C, Subpart 2, Vehicle Categories;
4.1.4. Definitions in Section 2 of Appendix A of this standard.
5. REQUIREMENTS
5.1. Vehicles of applicable categories listed in clause 3.2 must comply with this vehicle standard by meeting the requirements of either Appendix A as varied by Section 6 – Exception and Alternative Procedures below or Appendix B.
6. Exemption and alternative procedures
6.1. Compliance with the following parts, sections and annexes of Appendix A is not required for the purposes of this standard:
Section 3 Application for approval
Section 4 Approval
Section 7 Modifications of vehicle type or braking device and extension of approval
Section 8 Conformity of production
Section 9 Transitional provisions
Section 10 Penalties for non-conformity of production
Section 11 Production definitely discontinued
Section 12 Names and addresses of technical services responsible for conducting approval test and of administrative departments.
Annex 1 Communication
Annex 2 Arrangements of approval marks
7. alternative standards
The technical requirements of any of the editions of United Nations – Economic Commission for Europe Regulation No 78 – UNIFORM PROVISIONS CONCERNING THE APPROVAL OF VEHICLES OF CATEGORIES L1, L2, L3, L4 AND L5 WITH REGARD TO BRAKING, incorporating 01 to 03 series of amendments are deemed to be equivalent to the technical requirements of this standard.
Appendix A
UNIFORM PROVISIONS CONCERNING THE APPROVAL OF VEHICLES OF CATEGORIES L1, L2, L3, L4 AND L5 WITH REGARD TO BRAKING
E/ECE/324
E/ECE/TRANS/505
Rev.1/Add.77/Rev.1
20 July 2007
AGREEMENT
CONCERNING THE ADOPTION OF UNIFORM TECHNICAL PRESCRIPTIONS
FOR WHEELED VEHICLES, EQUIPMENT AND PARTS WHICH CAN BE FITTED
AND/OR BE USED ON WHEELED VEHICLES AND THE CONDITIONS FOR RECIPROCAL RECOGNITION OF APPROVALS GRANTED ON THE BASIS OF THESE PRESCRIPTIONS */
(Revision 2, including the amendments which entered into force on 16 October 1995)
_________
Addendum 77: Regulation No. 78
Revision 1
Incorporating all valid text up to:
01 series of amendments - Date of entry into force: 22 November 1990
Corrigendum 1 to the 01 series of amendments, subject of Depositary Notification C.N.115.1992.TREATIES-11 dated 1 July 1992
02 series of amendments - Date of entry into force: 8 January 1995
Supplement 1 to the 02 series of amendments - Date of entry into force: 21 March 1995
Supplement 2 to the 02 series of amendments - Date of entry into force: 22 February 1997
Supplement 3 to the 02 series of amendments - Date of entry into force: 7 December 2002
03 series of amendments - Date of entry into force: 18 June 2007
UNIFORM PROVISIONS CONCERNING THE APPROVAL OF VEHICLES OF CATEGORIES L1, L2, L3, L4 AND L5 WITH REGARD TO BRAKING
_________
UNITED NATIONS Regulation No. 78
UNIFORM PROVISIONS CONCERNING THE APPROVAL OF VEHICLES OF CATEGORIES L1, L2, L3, L4 AND L5 WITH REGARD TO BRAKING
CONTENTS
REGULATION
1. Scope
2. Definitions
3. Application for approval
4. Approval
5. Specifications
6. Tests
7. Modifications of vehicle type or braking system
and extension of approval
8. Conformity of production
9. Transitional provisions
10. Penalties for non-conformity of production
11. Production definitely discontinued
12. Names and addresses of Technical Services
responsible for conducting approval tests
and of Administrative Departments
ANNEXES
Annex 1 - Communication concerning the approval or extension or refusal or withdrawal of approval or production definitely discontinued of a type of vehicle of category L with regard to braking pursuant to Regulation No. 78
Annex 1 - Appendix - List of vehicle data for the purpose of Regulation No. 90 approvals
Annex 2 - Arrangements of approval marks
Annex 3 - Test conditions, procedures and performance requirements
1. SCOPE
This Regulation applies to vehicles of categories L1, L2, L3, L4 and L5. [1]/
These categories do not include:
(a) Vehicles with a Vmax of < 25 km/h;
(b) Vehicles equipped for disabled riders.
2. DEFINITIONS
For the purposes of this Regulation:
2.1. "Antilock brake system (ABS)" means a system which senses wheel slip and automatically modulates the pressure producing the braking forces at the wheel(s) to limit the degree of wheel slip.
2.2. "Approval of a vehicle" means the approval of a vehicle type with regard to braking.
2.3. "Baseline test" means a stop or a series of stops carried out in order to confirm the performance of the brake prior to subjecting it to a further test such as the heating procedure or wet brake stop.
2.4. "Brake" means those parts of the brake system where the forces opposing the movement of the vehicle are developed.
2.5. "Brake system" means the combination of parts consisting of the control, transmission, and brake, but excluding the engine, whose function it is to progressively reduce the speed of a moving vehicle, bring it to a halt, and keep it stationary when halted.
2.6. "Combined brake system (CBS)" means:
For vehicle categories L1 and L3: a service brake system where at least two brakes on different wheels are operated by the actuation of a single control.
For vehicle categories L2 and L5: a service brake system where the brakes on all wheels are operated by the actuation of a single control.
For vehicle category L4: a service brake system where the brakes on at least the front and rear wheels are operated by the actuation of a single control. (If the rear wheel and sidecar wheel are braked by the same brake system, this is regarded as the rear brake.)
2.7. "Components of the braking system" means one of the individual parts which, when assembled, constitute the braking system.
2.8. "Control" means the part actuated directly by the rider in order to supply or control the energy required for braking the vehicle to the transmission.
2.9. "Different types of braking systems" means devices which differ in such essential respects as:
(a) Components having different characteristics;
(b) A component made of materials having different characteristics, or a component differing in shape or size;
(c) A different assembly of the components.
2.10. "Driver mass" means the nominal mass of a driver that shall be 75 kg (subdivided into 68 kg occupant mass at the seat and 7 kg luggage mass).
2.11. "Engine disconnected" means when the engine is no longer connected to the driving wheel(s).
2.12. "Gross vehicle mass" or "maximum mass" means the technically permissible maximum laden mass as declared by the manufacturer.
2.13. "Initial brake temperature" means the temperature of the hottest brake before any brake application.
2.14. "Laden" means so loaded as to attain the gross vehicle mass as defined in paragraph 2.12.
2.15. "Lightly loaded" means mass in running order plus 15 kg for test equipment, or the laden condition, whichever is less. In the case of ABS tests on a low friction surface (Annex 3, paras. 9.4. to 9.7.), the mass for test equipment is increased to 30 kg to account for outriggers.
2.16. "Mass in running order" means the sum of the unladen vehicle mass and driver mass.
2.17. "Peak braking coefficient (PBC)" means the measure of tyre to road surface friction based on the maximum deceleration of a rolling tyre.
2.18. "Power-assisted braking system" means a brake system in which the energy necessary to produce the braking force is supplied by the physical effort of the rider assisted by one or more energy supplying devices, for example vacuum assisted (with vacuum booster).
2.19. "Secondary brake system" means the second service brake system on a vehicle equipped with a combined brake system.
2.20. "Service brake system" means a brake system which is used for slowing the vehicle when in motion.
2.21. "Single brake system" means a brake system which acts on only one axle.
2.22. "Split service brake system (SSBS)" means a brake system that operates the brakes on all wheels, consisting of two or more subsystems actuated by a single control designed so that a single failure in any subsystem (such as a leakage type failure of a hydraulic subsystem) does not impair the operation of any other subsystem.
2.23. "Stopping distance" means the distance travelled by the vehicle from the point the rider begins to actuate the brake control to the point at which the vehicle reaches a full stop. For tests where the simultaneous actuation of two controls is specified, the distance travelled is taken from the point the first control is actuated.
2.24. "Test speed" means the vehicle speed measured the moment the driver begins to actuate the brake control(s). For tests where the simultaneous actuation of two controls is specified, the vehicle speed is taken from the point the first control is actuated.
2.25. "Transmission" means the combination of components that provide the functional link between the control and the brake.
2.26. "Unladen vehicle mass" means the nominal mass of the vehicle as indicated by the manufacturer(s) including all factory fitted equipment for normal operation of that vehicle (e.g. fire extinguisher, tools, spare wheel), plus coolant, oils, 90 per cent of fuel and 100 per cent of other gas or liquids, as specified by the manufacturer.
2.27. "Vehicle type" means a sub-category of L-category vehicles which do not differ in such essential respects as:
(a) The vehicle category, as defined in the Consolidated Resolution (R.E.3);
(b) The gross vehicle mass, as defined in paragraph 2.12.;
(c) The distribution of the mass between the axles;
(d) Vmax;
(e) A different type of braking device;
(f) The number and arrangement of the axles;
(g) The engine type;
(h) The number and ratios of gears;
(i) The final drive ratios;
(j) The tyre dimensions.
2.28. "Vmax" means either the speed attainable by accelerating at a maximum rate from a standing start for a distance of 1.6 km on a level surface, with the vehicle lightly loaded, or the speed measured in accordance with ISO 7117:1995.
2.29. "Wheel lock" means the condition that occurs when there is a slip ratio of 1.00.
3. APPLICATION FOR APPROVAL
3.1. The application for approval of a vehicle type with regard to braking shall be submitted by the vehicle manufacturer or by his duly accredited representative.
3.2. It shall be accompanied by the under mentioned documents in triplicate and by the following particulars:
3.2.1. A description of the vehicle type with regard to the items specified in paragraph 2.27. The numbers and/or symbols identifying the vehicle type and the engine type shall be specified;
3.2.2. A list of components, duly identified, constituting the braking device;
3.2.3. A diagram of the assembled braking system and an indication of the position of its components on the vehicle;
3.2.4. Detailed drawings of each component to enable it to be easily located and identified.
3.3. A vehicle, representative of the vehicle type to be approved, shall be submitted to the technical service responsible for conducting the approval tests.
4. APPROVAL
4.1. If the vehicle type submitted for approval pursuant to this Regulation meets the requirements of paragraphs 5. and 6. below, approval of that vehicle type shall be granted.
4.2. An approval number shall be assigned to each type approved. Its first two digits (at present 03 corresponding to the 03 series of amendments) shall indicate the series of amendments incorporating the most recent major technical amendments made to the Regulation at the time of issue of the approval. The same Contracting Party shall not assign the same number to the same vehicle type equipped with another type of braking device, or to another vehicle type.
4.3. Notice of approval or refusal or extension or withdrawal of approval or production definitely discontinued of a vehicle type pursuant to this Regulation shall be communicated to the Parties to the Agreement which apply this Regulation by means of a form conforming to the model in Annex 1 to this Regulation.
4.4. There shall be affixed, conspicuously and in a readily accessible place specified on the approval form, to every vehicle conforming to a vehicle type approved under this Regulation an international approval mark consisting of:
4.4.1. A circle surrounding the letter "E" followed by the distinguishing number of the country which has granted approval; [2]/
4.4.2. The number of this Regulation, followed by the letter "R", a dash and the approval number to the right of the circle prescribed in paragraph 4.4.1.
4.5. If the vehicle conforms to a vehicle type approved, under one or more other Regulations annexed to the Agreement, in the country which has granted approval under this Regulation, the symbol prescribed in paragraph 4.4.1. needs not be repeated; in such a case, the Regulation and approval numbers and the additional symbols of all the Regulations under which approval has been granted in the country which has granted approval under this Regulation shall be placed in vertical columns to the right of the symbol prescribed in paragraph 4.4.1.
4.6. The approval mark shall be clearly legible and be indelible.
4.7. The approval mark shall be placed close to or on the vehicle data plate affixed by the manufacturer.
4.8. Annex 2 to this Regulation gives examples of arrangements of approval marks.
5. SPECIFICATIONS
5.1. Brake system requirements
5.1.1. Each vehicle shall meet each of the tests specified for a vehicle of its category and for those brake features on the vehicle.
5.1.2. Service brake system control operation
Vehicles shall have configurations that enable a rider to actuate the service brake system control while seated in the normal driving position and with both hands on the steering control.
5.1.3. Secondary brake system control operation
Vehicles shall have configurations that enable a rider to actuate the secondary brake system control while seated in the normal driving position and with at least one hand on the steering control.
5.1.4. Parking brake system
If a parking brake system is fitted, it shall hold the vehicle stationary on the slope prescribed in paragraph 8.2. of Annex 3.
The parking brake system shall:
(a) Have a control which is separate from the service brake system controls; and
(b) Be held in the locked position by solely mechanical means.
Vehicles shall have configurations that enable a rider to be able to actuate the parking brake system while seated in the normal driving position.
5.1.5. Two-wheeled vehicles of categories L1 and L3 shall be equipped with either two separate service brake systems, or a split service brake system, with at least one brake operating on the front wheel and at least one brake operating on the rear wheel.
5.1.6. Three-wheeled vehicles of vehicles category L4 shall comply with the brake system requirements set out in paragraph 5.1.5. A brake on the sidecar wheel is not required if the vehicle meets the performance requirements prescribed in Annex 3, paragraph 4.
5.1.7. Three-wheeled vehicles of category L2 shall be equipped with a parking brake system plus one of the following service brake systems:
(a) Two separate service brake systems, except CBS, which, when applied together, operate the brakes on all wheels; or
(b) A split service brake system; or
(c) A CBS that operates the brakes on all wheels and a secondary brake system which may be the parking brake system.
5.1.8. Category L5 vehicles shall be equipped with:
5.1.8.1. A parking brake system; and
5.1.8.2. A foot-actuated service brake system which operates on the brakes on all wheels, by way of either:
(a) A split service brake system; or
(b) A CBS that operates the brakes on all wheels and a secondary brake system, which may be the parking brake system.
5.1.9. In cases where two separate service brake systems are installed, the systems may share a common brake, if a failure in one system does not affect the performance of the other.
5.1.10. For vehicles that use hydraulic fluid for brake force transmission, the master cylinder shall:
(a) Have a sealed, covered, separate reservoir for each brake system;
(b) Have a minimum reservoir capacity equivalent to 1.5 times the total fluid displacement required to satisfy the new to fully worn lining condition with the worst case brake adjustment condition; and
(c) Have a reservoir where the fluid level is visible for checking without removal of the cover.
5.1.11. All warning lamps shall be mounted in the rider's view.
5.1.12. Vehicles that are equipped with a split service brake system shall be fitted with a red warning lamp, which shall be activated:
(a) When there is a hydraulic failure on the application of a force of ≤ 90 N on the control; or
(b) Without actuation of the brake control, when the brake fluid level in the master cylinder reservoir falls below the greater of:
(i) That which is specified by the manufacturer; and
(ii) That which is less than or equal to half of the fluid reservoir capacity.
To permit function checking, the warning lamp shall be illuminated by the activation of the ignition switch and shall be extinguished when the check has been completed. The warning lamp shall remain on while a failure condition exists whenever the ignition switch is in the "on" position.
5.1.13. Vehicles that are equipped with an ABS system shall be fitted with a yellow warning lamp. The lamp shall be activated whenever there is a malfunction that affects the generation or transmission of signals in the vehicle's ABS system.
To permit function checking, the warning lamp shall be illuminated by the activation of the ignition switch and extinguished when the check has been completed.
The warning lamp shall remain on while a failure condition exists whenever the ignition switch is in the "on" position.
5.2. Durability
5.2.1. Wear of the brakes shall be compensated for by means of a system of automatic or manual adjustment.
5.2.2. The friction material thickness shall either be visible without disassembly, or where the friction material is not visible, wear shall be assessed by means of a device designed for that purpose.
5.2.3. During all the tests in this Regulation and on their completion, there shall be no friction material detachment and no leakage of brake fluid.
5.3. Measurement of dynamic performance
The method used to measure performance is as specified in the respective tests in Annex 3. There are three ways in which the service brake system performance may be measured:
5.3.1. MFDD (Mean Fully Developed Deceleration):
Calculation of MFDD:
in m/s2
where:
dm = mean fully developed deceleration
V1 = vehicle speed when rider actuates the control
Vb = vehicle speed at 0.8 V1 in km/h
Ve = vehicle speed at 0.1 V1 in km/h
Sb = distance travelled between V1 and Vb in metres
Se = distance travelled between V1 and Ve in metres
5.3.2. Stopping distance:
Based on the basic equations of motion:
S = 0.1·V + (X) ·V2
where:
S = stopping distance in metres
V = vehicle speed in km/h
X = a variable based on the requirement for each test
To calculate the corrected stopping distance using the actual vehicle test speed, the following formula is used:
Ss = 0.1·Vs + (Sa – 0.1·Va) · Vs2/Va2
where:
Ss = corrected stopping distance in metres
Vs = specified vehicle test speed in km/h
Sa = actual stopping distance in metres
Va = actual vehicle test speed in km/h
Note: This equation is only valid when the actual test speed (Va) is within ± 5 km/h of the specified test speed (Vs).
5.3.3. Continuous deceleration recording:
For the burnishing procedure and tests such as the wet brake and heat fade – heating procedure, there is a continuous recording of the vehicle's instantaneous deceleration from the moment a force is applied to the end of the stop.
5.4. Brake lining materials:
Brake linings shall not contain asbestos.
6. TESTS
The braking tests (test conditions and procedures) which vehicles submitted for approval are required to undergo, and the braking performance required, are prescribed in Annex 3 to this Regulation.
7. MODIFICATIONS OF VEHICLE TYPE OR BRAKING SYSTEM AND EXTENSION OF APPROVAL
7.1. Every modification of the vehicle type or of its braking system shall be communicated to the Administrative Department which approved the vehicle type. That department may then either:
7.1.1. Consider that the modifications made are unlikely to have an appreciable adverse effect and that in any case the vehicle still complies with the requirements; or
7.1.2. Require a further test report from the Technical Service responsible for conducting the tests.
7.2. Confirmation or refusal of approval, specifying the alterations, shall be communicated, by the procedure specified in paragraph 4.3., to the Parties to the Agreement which apply this Regulation.
7.3. The Competent Authority issuing the extension of approval shall assign a series number to each communication form drawn up for such an extension.
8. CONFORMITY OF PRODUCTION
8.1. Every vehicle (system) approved to this Regulation shall be so manufactured as to conform to the type approved by meeting the requirements set forth in paragraph 5.
8.2. In order to verify that the requirements of paragraph 8.1. are met, suitable controls of the production shall be carried out.
8.3. The holder of the approval shall in particular:
8.3.1. Ensure existence of procedures for the effective control of the quality of products;
8.3.2. Have access to the control equipment necessary for checking the conformity to each approved type;
8.3.3. Ensure that data of test results are recorded and that annexed documents shall remain available for a period to be determined in accordance with the Administrative Service;
8.3.4. Analyse the results of each type of test, in order to verify and ensure the stability of the product characteristics making allowance for variation of industrial production;
8.3.5. Ensure that for each type of product at least the tests prescribed in Annex 3 to this Regulation are carried out;
8.3.6. Ensure that any sampling of samples or test pieces giving evidence of non‑conformity with the type of test considered shall give rise to another sampling and another test. All the necessary steps shall be taken to re‑establish the conformity of the corresponding production.
8.4. The Competent Authority which has granted type approval may at any time verify the conformity control methods applicable to each production unit.
8.4.1. In every inspection, the test books and production survey records shall be presented to the visiting inspector.
8.4.2. The inspector may take samples at random which will be tested in the manufacturer's laboratory. The minimum number of samples may be determined according to the results of the manufacturer's own verification.
8.4.3. When the quality level appears unsatisfactory or when it seems necessary to verify the validity of the tests carried out in application of paragraph 8.4.2., the inspector shall select samples to be sent to the technical service which has conducted the type‑approval tests.
8.4.4. The Competent Authority may carry out any test prescribed in this Regulation.
8.4.5. The normal frequency of inspections authorized by the competent authority shall be once every two years. In the case where negative results are recorded during one of these visits, the Competent Authority shall ensure that all necessary steps are taken to re‑establish the conformity of production as rapidly as possible.
9. TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS
9.1. As from the official date of entry into force of the 03 series of amendments to this Regulation, no Contracting Party applying this Regulation shall refuse an application for approval under this Regulation as amended by the 03 series of amendments. At the request of the manufacturer, Contracting Parties applying this Regulation may agree to the application of these amendments before the official date of their entry into force.
9.2. As from 24 months after the official date of entry into force mentioned in paragraph 9.1., Contracting Parties applying this Regulation shall grant approvals only if the type of vehicle corresponds to the requirements of the Regulation as amended by the 03 series of amendments.
9.3. Approvals granted before the end of the 24‑month period following the official date of entry into force shall cease to be valid 48 months after the date of entry into force mentioned in paragraph 9.1., unless the Contracting Party which granted the approval notifies the other Contracting Parties applying this Regulation that the type‑approved vehicle meets the requirements of this Regulation as amended by the 03 series of amendments.
9.4. Notwithstanding the transitional provisions above, Contracting Parties whose application of this Regulation comes into force after the date of entry into force of the most recent series of amendments are not obliged to accept approvals which were granted in accordance with any of the preceding series of amendments to this Regulation.
10. PENALTIES FOR NON-CONFORMITY OF PRODUCTION
10.1. The approval granted in respect of a vehicle type pursuant to this Regulation may be withdrawn if the requirements laid down in paragraph 8.1. are not complied with or if a vehicle of this type has failed to pass the checks prescribed in paragraph 8.3.
10.2. If a Party to the Agreement which applies this Regulation withdraws an approval it has previously granted, it shall forthwith so notify the other Contracting Parties applying this Regulation, by means of a copy of the approval form bearing at the end, in large letters, the signed and dated annotation "APPROVAL WITHDRAWN".
11. PRODUCTION DEFINITELY DISCONTINUED
If the holder of the approval completely ceases to manufacture a type of vehicle approved in accordance with this Regulation, he shall so inform the authority which granted the approval. Upon receiving the relevant communication, that authority shall inform thereof the other Parties to the Agreement applying this Regulation by means of a copy of the approval form bearing at the end, in large letters, the signed and dated annotation "PRODUCTION DISCONTINUED".
12. NAMES AND ADDRESSES OF TECHNICAL SERVICES RESPONSIBLE FOR CONDUCTING APPROVAL TESTS AND OF ADMINISTRATIVE DEPARTMENTS
The Parties to the Agreement applying this Regulation shall communicate to the United Nations Secretariat the names and addresses of the Technical Services responsible for conducting approval tests and of Administrative Departments which grant approval and to which forms certifying approval or extension or refusal or withdrawal of approval, issued in other countries, are to be sent.
Annex 1 */
(maximum format: A4 (210 x 297/mm)
COMMUNICATION
issued by: Name of administration:
……………………………………….
……………………………………….
concerning: 2/
APPROVAL GRANTED
APPROVAL EXTENDED
APPROVAL REFUSED
APPROVAL WITHDRAWN
PRODUCTION DEFINITELY DISCONTINED
of a type of vehicle of category L with regard to braking pursuant to Regulation No. 78
Approval No. ...
Extension No. ...
1. Trade name or mark of the vehicle: ...................................................................................
2. Vehicle type designation by the manufacturer: ...................................................................
3. Name and address of the manufacturer: ............................................................................
4. Name and address of the manufacturer's representative
(if applicable): ..................................................................................................................
5. Summarized description: ..................................................................................................
5.1. Vehicle:
Category of vehicle: ..................................................................................................
Gross vehicle mass of vehicle: ...................................................................................
5.2. Engine: ............................................................................................................................
5.3. Transmission:
Number and ratios of gears: ......................................................................................
Final drive ratio: ........................................................................................................
Tyre dimensions: .......................................................................................................
5.4. Braking system: ...............................................................................................................
Make(s) and type(s) of linings: ..................................................................................
Service brake(s) (front, rear, combined) 2/
Secondary braking, parking brake (if applicable) 2/
Other systems (anti‑lock brakes, etc.)
6. Technical service conducting approval tests: .....................................................................
7. Date of test report: ...........................................................................................................
8. Number of test report: .....................................................................................................
9. Reason for extension of approval (if applicable): ...............................................................
10. Other remarks (if applicable), (right or left hand driven): ....................................................
11. Place: ..............................................................................................................................
12. Date: ...............................................................................................................................
13. Signature: ........................................................................................................................
14. Annexed the list of parts constituting the approval documents, which can be obtained on request, submitted to the Administrative Service which has delivered the approval.
_____________________
*/ At the request of (an) applicant(s) for Regulation No. 90 approval, the information shall be provided by the Type Approval Authority, as contained in Appendix 1 to this annex. However, this information shall not be provided for purposes other than Regulation No. 90 approvals.
1/ Distinguishing number of the country which has granted/extended/refused/withdrawn approval (see approval provisions in the Regulation).
2/ Strike out what does not apply.
Annex 1 - Appendix
LIST OF VEHICLE DATA FOR THE PURPOSE OF REGULATION No. 90 APPROVALS */
1. Description of the vehicle type: ...........................................................................................
1.1. Trade name or mark of the vehicle, if available: ...................................................................
1.2. Vehicle category: ................................................................................................................
1.3. Vehicle type according to Regulation No. 78 approval: .......................................................
1.4. Models or trade names of vehicles constituting the vehicle type, if
available: ............................................................................................................................
1.5. Manufacturer's name and address: ......................................................................................
2. Make and type of brake linings: ..........................................................................................
3. Minimum mass of vehicle: ...................................................................................................
3.1. Distribution of mass of each axle (maximum value): ..............................................................
4. Gross vehicle mass of vehicle: .............................................................................................
4.1. Distribution of mass of each axle (maximum value): ..............................................................
5. Vmax .................................. km/h
6. Tyre and wheel dimensions: ................................................................................................
7. Configuration of the independent braking systems: ...............................................................
8. Specifications of brake valves (if applicable): .......................................................................
8.1. Adjustment specifications of the load sensing valve: .............................................................
8.2. Setting of pressure valve: ....................................................................................................
9. Specification of brake: ........................................................................................................
9.1. Disc brake type (e.g. number of pistons with diameter(s), ventilated or solid disc): ...............
9.2. Drum brake type (e.g. simplex, with piston size and drum dimensions):.................................
10. Master cylinder type and size (if applicable):........................................................................
Annex 2
ARRANGEMENTS OF APPROVAL MARKS
Model A
(See paragraph 4.4. of this Regulation)
a = 8 mm min.
The above approval mark affixed to a vehicle shows that the vehicle type concerned has, with regard to braking, been approved in the United Kingdom (E11) pursuant to Regulation No. 78 under approval number 032439. The first two digits of the approval number indicate that Regulation No. 78 already included the 03 series of amendments when the approval was granted.
Model B
(See paragraph 4.5. of this Regulation)
a = 8 mm min.
The above approval mark affixed to a vehicle shows that the vehicle type concerned has been approved in the United Kingdom (E11) pursuant to Regulations Nos. 78 and 40. */ The first two digits of the approval numbers indicate that, at the dates when the respective approvals were granted, Regulation No. 78 included the 03 series of amendments but Regulation No. 40 was still in its original form.
_____________________
*/ This latter number is given merely as an example.
Annex 3
TEST CONDITIONS, PROCEDURES AND PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS
1. General
1.1. Test surfaces
1.1.1. High friction surface:
a) Applicable to all dynamic brake tests excluding the ABS tests where a low-friction surface is specified;
b) The test area is a clean and level surface, with a gradient ≤ 1 per cent;
c) The surface has a nominal peak braking coefficient (PBC) of 0.9, unless otherwise specified.
1.1.2. Low friction surface:
a) Applicable to all dynamic brake tests where a low-friction surface is specified;
b) The test area is a clean, dry and level surface, with a gradient ≤ 1 per cent;
c) The surface has a PBC of ≤ 0.45.
1.1.3. Measurement of PBC:
The PBC is measured as determined by the approval authority using either:
(a) The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) E1136 standard reference test tyre, in accordance with ASTM Method E1337‑90, at a speed of 40 mph without water delivery; or
(b) The method specified in the Appendix to Annex 4 of UNECE Regulation No. 78, 01 series of amendments.
1.1.4. Parking brake system tests:
The specified test slope has a clean and dry surface that does not deform under the mass of the vehicle.
1.1.5. Test lane width:
For two-wheeled vehicles (vehicle categories L1 and L3) the test lane width is 2.5 m.
For three-wheeled vehicles (vehicle categories L2, L5 and L4) the test lane width is 2.5 m plus the vehicle width.
1.2. Ambient temperature
The ambient temperature is between 4 °C and 45 °C.
1.3. Wind speed
The wind speed is not more than 5 m/s.
1.4. Test speed tolerance
The test speed tolerance is ± 5 km/h.
In the event of the actual test speed deviating from the specified test speed, the actual stopping distance is corrected using the formula in paragraph 5.3.2. of this Regulation.
1.5. Automatic transmission
Vehicles with automatic transmission shall complete all tests - whether they are for "engine connected" or "engine disconnected".
If an automatic transmission has a neutral position, the neutral position is selected for tests where "engine disconnected" is specified.
1.6. Vehicle position and wheel lock:
(a) The vehicle is positioned in the centre of the test lane for the beginning of each stop;
(b) Stops are made without the vehicle wheels passing outside the applicable test lane and without wheel lock.
1.7. Test sequence
Test order
Paragraph
1. Dry stop - single brake control actuated
2. Dry stop - all service brake controls actuated
3. High speed
4. Wet brake
5. Heat fade 1/
6. If fitted:
6.1. Parking brake system
6.2. ABS
6.3. Partial failure, for split service brake systems
6.4. Power-assisted braking system failure
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Note 1/: Heat fade is always the last test to be carried out.
2. Preparation
2.1. Engine idle speed
The engine idle speed is set to the manufacturer's specification.
2.2. Tyre pressures
The tyres are inflated to the manufacturer's specification for the vehicle loading condition for the test.
2.3. Control application points and direction
For a hand control lever, the input force (F) is applied on the control lever's forward surface perpendicular to the axis of the lever fulcrum and its outermost point on the plane along which the control lever rotates (see figure below).
The input force is applied to a point located 50 mm from the outermost point of the control lever, measured along the axis between the central axis of the fulcrum of the lever and its outermost point.
For a foot control pedal, the input force is applied to the centre of, and at right angles to, the control pedal.
2.4. Brake temperature measurement
As determined by the approval authority, the brake temperature is measured on the approximate centre of the braking path of the disc or drum using:
(a) A rubbing thermocouple that is in contact with the surface of the disc or drum; or
(b) A thermocouple that is embedded in the friction material.
2.5. Burnishing procedure
The vehicle brakes are burnished prior to evaluating performance. This procedure may be completed by the manufacturer:
(a) Vehicle lightly loaded;
(b) Engine disconnected;
(c) Test speed:
(i) Initial speed: 50 km/h or 0.8 Vmax, whichever is lower;
(ii) Final speed = 5 to 10 km/h;
(d) Brake application:
(i) Each service brake system control actuated separately;
(e) Vehicle deceleration:
(i) Single front brake system only:
3.0-3.5 m/s2 for vehicle categories L3 and L4;
1.5-2.0 m/s2 for vehicle categories L1 and L2;
(ii) Single rear brake system only: 1.5-2.0 m/s2;
(iii) CBS or split service brake system: 3.5-4.0 m/s2;
(f) Number of decelerations: 100 per brake system;
(g) Initial brake temperature before each brake application ≤ 100 °C;
(h) For the first stop, accelerate the vehicle to the initial speed and then actuate the brake control under the conditions specified until the final speed is reached. Then reaccelerate to the initial speed and maintain that speed until the brake temperature falls to the specified initial value. When these conditions are met, reapply the brake as specified. Repeat this procedure for the number of specified decelerations. After burnishing, adjust the brakes in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations.
3. Dry stop test - single brake control actuated
3.1. Vehicle condition:
(a) The test is applicable to all vehicle categories;
(b) Laden:
For vehicles fitted with CBS and split service brake systems: the vehicle is tested in the lightly loaded condition in addition to the laden condition;
(c) Engine disconnected.
3.2. Test conditions and procedure:
(a) Initial brake temperature: ≥ 55 °C and ≤ 100 °C;
(b) Test speed:
(i) Vehicle categories L1 and L2: 40 km/h or 0.9 Vmax, whichever is lower;
(ii) Vehicle categories L3, L5 and L4: 60 km/h or 0.9 Vmax, whichever is lower;
(c) Brake application:
(i) Each service brake system control actuated separately;
(d) Brake actuation force:
(i) Hand control: ≤ 200 N;
(ii) Foot control: ≤ 350 N for vehicle categories L1, L2, L3 and L4;
≤ 500 N for vehicle category L5;
(e) Number of stops: until the vehicle meets the performance requirements, with a maximum of 6 stops;
(f) For each stop, accelerate the vehicle to the test speed and then actuate the brake control under the conditions specified in this paragraph.
3.3. Performance requirements
When the brakes are tested in accordance with the test procedure set out in paragraph 3.2., the stopping distance shall be as specified in column 2 or the MFDD shall be as specified in column 3 of the following table:
Column 1
Column 2
Column 3
Vehicle
Category
STOPPING DISTANCE (S)
(Where V is the specified test speed in km/h and S is the required stopping distance in metres)
MFDD
Single brake system, front wheel(s) braking only:
L1
S ≤ 0.1 V + 0.0111 V2
≥ 3.4 m/s2
L2
S ≤ 0.1 V + 0.0143 V2
≥ 2.7 m/s2
L3
S ≤ 0.1 V + 0.0087 V2
≥ 4.4 m/s2
L5
Not applicable
Not applicable
L4
S ≤ 0.1 V + 0.0105 V2
≥ 3.6 m/s2
Single brake system, rear wheel(s) braking only:
L1
S ≤ 0.1 V + 0.0143 V2
≥ 2.7 m/s2
L2
S ≤ 0.1 V + 0.0143 V2
≥ 2.7 m/s2
L3
S ≤ 0.1 V + 0.0133 V2
≥ 2.9 m/s2
L5
Not applicable
Not applicable
L4
S ≤ 0.1 V + 0.0105 V2
≥ 3.6 m/s2
Vehicles with CBS or split service brake systems: for laden and lightly loaded conditions:
L1 and L2
S ≤ 0.1 V + 0.0087 V2
≥ 4.4 m/s2
L3
S ≤ 0.1 V + 0.0076 V2
≥ 5.1 m/s2
L5
S ≤ 0.1 V + 0.0077 V2
≥ 5.0 m/s2
L4
S ≤ 0.1 V + 0.0071 V2
≥ 5.4 m/s2
Vehicles with CBS – secondary service brake systems:
ALL
S ≤ 0.1 V + 0.0154 V2
≥ 2.5 m/s2
4. Dry stop test – all service brake controls actuated
4.1. Vehicle condition:
(a) The test is applicable to vehicle categories L3, L5 and L4;
(b) Lightly loaded;
(c) Engine disconnected.
4.2. Test conditions and procedure:
(a) Initial brake temperature: ≥ 55 °C and ≤ 100 °C;
(b) Test speed: 100 km/h or 0.9 Vmax, whichever is lower;
(c) Brake application:
Simultaneous actuation of both service brake system controls, if so equipped, or of the single service brake system control in the case of a service brake system that operates on all wheels;
(d) Brake actuation force:
Hand control: ≤ 250 N;
Foot control: ≤ 400 N for vehicle categories L3 and L4;
≤ 500 N for vehicle category L5;
(e) Number of stops: until the vehicle meets the performance requirements, with a maximum of 6 stops;
(f) For each stop, accelerate the vehicle to the test speed and then actuate the brake controls under the conditions specified in this paragraph.
4.3. Performance requirements
When the brakes are tested in accordance with the test procedure set out in paragraph 4.2., the stopping distance (S) shall be S ≤ 0.0060 V2 (where V is the specified test speed in km/h and S is the required stopping distance in metres).
5. High speed test
5.1. Vehicle condition:
(a) The test is applicable to vehicle categories L3, L5 and L4;
(b) Test is not required for vehicles with Vmax ≤ 125 km/h;
(c) Lightly loaded;
(d) Engine connected with the transmission in the highest gear.
5.2. Test conditions and procedure:
(a) Initial brake temperature: ≥ 55 °C and ≤ 100 °C;
(b) Test speed: 0.8 Vmax for vehicles with Vmax > 125 km/h and
