Instrument number CASA 521/09
I, John francis Mccormick, Director of Aviation Safety, on behalf of CASA, make this instrument under subregulation 209 (1) of the Civil Aviation Regulations 1988 (CAR 1988).
[Signed John F. McCormick]
John F. McCormick
Director of Aviation Safety
18 December 2009
Direction — use of ADS-B in foreign aircraft engaged in private operations in Australian territory
1           Commencement
                This instrument commences on the day after it is registered.
2           Revocation
                CASA instrument 41/09 is revoked.
3           Direction
                I direct that each operator, and each pilot in command, of a foreign aircraft engaged in private operations in Australian territory (a foreign aircraft) must comply with the condition mentioned in section 4.
4           Condition
                It is a condition for operations under CAR 1988 that the foreign aircraft must conform to the requirements in Schedule 1.
Note   Schedule 1 contains directions relating to the mandatory carriage and use of automatic dependent surveillance – broadcast (ADS-B) equipment in Australian territory.
5           Definitions
                The definitions in Schedule 1 also apply for Schedule 2.
Schedule 1      Directions relating to carriage and use of automatic dependent surveillance – broadcast equipment
        1      In this Schedule:
ADS-B means automatic dependent surveillance – broadcast.
ADS-B test flight means a flight to prove ADS-B transmitting equipment that is newly installed on the aircraft undertaking the flight.
aircraft means a foreign aircraft.
aircraft address means a unique combination of 24 bits assigned to an aircraft by, or under the authority of, an NAA for the purpose of air to ground communications, navigation and surveillance.
approved equipment configuration means an equipment configuration that:
(a)     meets the conditions for approval set out in Schedule 2; or
(b)     is approved in writing by CASA.
Note   Equipment configurations approved by CASA are published in Appendix D of Advisory Circular 21-45.
ATSO means Australian Technical Standard Order of CASA.
EASA means the European Aviation Safety Agency.
EASA AMC 20-24 means EASA document AMC 20-24 titled Certification Considerations for Enhanced ATS in Non-Radar Areas using ADS-B Surveillance (ADS-B-NRA) via 1090 MHZ Extended Squitter, dated 2 May 2008.
ETSO means European Technical Standard Order of the EASA.
FAA means the Federal Aviation Administration of the United States.
FDE means Fault Detection and Exclusion, a feature of a GNSS receiver that excludes faulty satellites from position computation.
FL 290 means flight level 290.
Note   Flight level 290 is defined in subregulation 2 (1) of CAR 1988.
foreign aircraft means a foreign aircraft engaged in private operations in Australian territory.
GNSS means the Global Navigation Satellite System installed in an aircraft to continually compute the position of the aircraft by use of the GPS.
GPS means the Global Positioning System.
HPL means the Horizontal Protection Level of the GNSS position of an aircraft as an output of the GNSS receiver or system.
NAA has the same meaning as in regulation 1.4 of the Civil Aviation Safety Regulations 1998.
Note   “NAA, for a country other than Australia, means:
(a)      the national airworthiness authority of the country; or
(b)     EASA, in relation to any function or task that EASA carries out on behalf of the country.”
NIC means Navigation Integrity Category as specified in paragraph 2.2.3.2.7.2.6 of RTCA/DO‑260A.
NUCp means Navigation Uncertainty Category – Position as specified in paragraph 2.2.8.1.5 of RTCA/DO-260.
RTCA/DO-229D means document RTCA/DO-229D titled Minimum Operational Performance Standards for Global Positioning System/Wide Area Augmentation System Airborne Equipment, dated 13 December 2006, of the RTCA Inc. of Washington D.C. USA (RTCA Inc.).
RTCA/DO-260 means RTCA Inc. document RTCA/DO-260 titled Minimum Operational Performance Standards for 1090 MHz Automatic Dependent Surveillance – Broadcast, dated 13 September 2000.
RTCA/DO-260A means RTCA Inc. document RTCA/DO-260A titled Minimum Operational Performance Standards for 1090 MHz Automatic Dependent Surveillance – Broadcast (ADS-B) and Traffic Information Services – Broadcast (TIS-B), dated 10 April 2003.
SA means Selective Availability, and is a function of the GPS that has the effect of degrading the accuracy of the computed GPS position of a GNSS-equipped aircraft.
TSO means Technical Standard Order of the FAA.
Note   NAA is defined in regulation 1.4 of the Civil Aviation Safety Regulations 1998.
        2      If an aircraft carries ADS-B transmitting equipment for operational use in Australian territory, the equipment must comply with an approved equipment configuration.
        3      If an aircraft carries serviceable ADS-B transmitting equipment for operational use in Australian territory, the equipment must transmit:
(a)     a flight identification that corresponds exactly to the aircraft identification mentioned on the flight notification filed with, or relayed to, air traffic control (ATC) for the flight; or
(b)     if no flight notification is filed or relayed for the flight — a flight identification that is the aircraft’s nationality or common mark, and its registration mark, without any hyphen included, or such other mark as is authorised by the NAA; or
(c)     another flight identification directed or approved by ATC.
        4      If an aircraft carries serviceable ADS-B transmitting equipment that complies with an approved equipment configuration, the equipment must be operated continuously during the flight in all airspace at all altitudes unless the pilot is directed or approved otherwise by ATC.
        5      If an aircraft carries ADS-B transmitting equipment which does not comply with an approved equipment configuration, the aircraft must not fly in Australian territory unless the equipment is:
(a)     deactivated; or
(b)     set to transmit only a value of zero for the NUCp or NIC.
Note   It is considered equivalent to deactivation if NUCp or NIC is set to continually transmit only a value of zero.
        6      However, the equipment need not be deactivated as mentioned in clause 5 if the aircraft is undertaking an ADS-B test flight in V.M.C. in airspace below FL 290.
        7      On and after 12 December 2013, if an aircraft operates at or above FL 290, it must carry serviceable ADS‑B transmitting equipment that complies with an approved equipment configuration.
Note   On and after 12 December 2013, an aircraft must carry and continuously operate compliant ADS-B transmitting equipment in accordance with clause 7.
Apart from this, there is no obligation to carry compliant ADS-B transmitting equipment.
However, including the effect of clause 4 above, if compliant ADS-B transmitting equipment is in fact carried, whether voluntarily or in accordance with the obligation under clause 7, it must be operated continuously in all airspace, at all altitudes.
        8      Clause 7 does not apply to an aircraft if the aircraft owner, operator or pilot has written authorisation from CASA for the operation of the aircraft without the equipment.
Schedule 2
Part A
                Approved equipment configuration
        1      An equipment configuration is approved if it complies with the standards specified in Part B or Part C of this Schedule.
Part B
                ADS-B transmitting equipment — standard for approval
        2      ADS-B transmitting equipment must be of a type that:
(a)     is authorised by:
                  (i)   the FAA in accordance with TSO-C166 as in force on 20 September 2004, or a later version as in force from time to time; or
                 (ii)   CASA, in writing, in accordance with:
(A)    ATSO-C1004a as in force on 16 December 2009, or a later version as in force from time to time; or
(B)     ATSO-C1005a as in force on 16 December 2009, or a later version as in force from time to time; or
(b)     meets the following requirements:
                  (i)   the type must be accepted by CASA as meeting the specifications in RTCA/DO-260 dated 13 September 2000, or a later version as in force from time to time;
                 (ii)   the type must utilise HPL at all times HPL is available; or
(c)     is otherwise authorised, in writing, by CASA for the purposes of subsection 9B of Civil Aviation Order 20.18 as being equivalent to one of the foregoing types.
                GNSS position source equipment — standard for aircraft manufactured on or after 28 June 2012
       3       For an aircraft manufactured on or after 28 June 2012, the geographical position transmitted by the ADS-B transmitting equipment must be determined by:
(a)     a GNSS receiver of a type that is authorised by the FAA in accordance with TSO‑C145a or TSO-C146a as in force on 19 September 2002, or a later version as in force from time to time; or
(b)     a GNSS receiver of a type that is authorised by the FAA in accordance with TSO-C196 as in force on 9 September 2009, or a later version as in force from time to time; or
(c)     a GNSS receiver or system which meets the following requirements:
                  (i)   is certified by an NAA for use in flight under the I.F.R.;
                 (ii)   has included in its specification and operation the following:
(A)    FDE, computed in accordance with the definition at paragraph 1.7.3 of RTCA/DO-229D;
(B)     the output function HPL, computed in accordance with the definition at paragraph 1.7.2 of RTCA/DO-229D;
(C)     functionality that, for the purpose of HPL computation, accounts for the absence of the SA of the GPS in accordance with paragraph 1.8.1.1 of RTCA/DO-229D; or
(d)     another equivalent system authorised in writing by CASA.
Note   The following GNSS receivers meet the requirements of clause 3, namely, those certified to TSO‑C145a or TSO‑C146a, or later versions, or those manufactured to comply with TSO-C196.
                GNSS position source equipment — standard for aircraft manufactured before 28 June 2012
       4       For an aircraft manufactured before 28 June 2012, the geographical position transmitted by the ADS-B transmitting equipment must be determined by:
(a)     a GNSS receiver or system that complies with the requirements of clause 3, other than sub‑subparagraph 3 (c) (ii) (C) which is optional; or
(b)     an equivalent GNSS receiver or system that has been approved in writing by CASA.
Note   The following GNSS receivers meet the requirements of clause 4, namely, those certified to TSO‑C145a or TSO‑C146a, or later versions, or those manufactured to comply with TSO-C196. Some later versions of GNSS receivers certified to TSO-C129 may also meet the requirements, i.e. those having FDE and HPL features incorporated.
                Altitude source equipment — standard
       5       The pressure altitude transmitted by the ADS-B transmitting equipment must be determined by:
(a)     a barometric encoder of a type that is authorised by:
                  (i)   the FAA in accordance with TSO-C88a as in force on 18 August 1983, or a later version as in force from time to time; or
                 (ii)   EASA in accordance with ETSO-C88a as in force on 24 October 2003, or a later version as in force from time to time; or
(b)     another equivalent system authorised in writing by CASA.
                Aircraft address — standard
        6      Unless otherwise approved in writing by CASA, the ADS-B transmitting equipment must:
(a)     transmit the current aircraft address; and
(b)     allow the pilot to activate and deactivate transmission during flight.
Note   The requirement in paragraph 6 (b) is met if the ADS-B transmitting equipment has a cockpit control that enables the pilot to turn the ADS-B transmissions on and off.
Part C
                Alternative approved equipment configuration — standard for aircraft manufactured on or after 28 June 2012
        7      For an aircraft manufactured on or after 28 June 2012, an equipment configuration is approved if:
(a)     it has been certified by EASA as meeting the standards of EASA AMC 20‑24; and
(b)     the aircraft flight manual attests to the certification; and
(c)     the GNSS receiver or system complies with the requirements of clause 3 in Part B.
                Alternative approved equipment configuration — standard for aircraft manufactured before 28 June 2012
        8      For an aircraft manufactured before 28 June 2012, an equipment configuration is approved if:
(a)     it has been certified by EASA as meeting the standards of EASA AMC 20‑24; and
(b)     the aircraft flight manual attests to the certification; and
(c)     the GNSS receiver or system complies with the requirements of clause 4 in Part B.